Punjab Social Inclusion Despite Punjab’s overall progress in poverty reduction, some social groups have been left behind. Scheduled Castes in particular display higher levels of poverty and have witnessed slower poverty reduction than other groups. Moreover, education and job outcomes for these groups present a stark contrast with others. Open defecation is also higher among the Scheduled Castes. Compared to this, access to drinking water, which is high compared to the rest of the country, does not vary as much between Punjab’s households. Higher poverty and slower poverty for the Scheduled Castes in Punjab Population below poverty line, (%) 40 38 Households by Social Group, 2012 (%) All India Punjab Scheduled Tribe 9 0 30 Scheduled Caste 19 38 Pace of poverty Other Backward Caste 43 13 reduction 21 General 29 48 20 19 16 -12% per year 10 -15% per year 8 -13% per year 7 6 2 -14% per year 0 2005 2012 ■ Scheduled Tribe ■ Scheduled Caste ■ Other Backward Caste ■ General Poverty among the Scheduled Castes in Punjab is lower than in other states SC population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 60 51 50 47 44 41 40 40 40 39 33 33 30 29 29 24 21 20 19 19 19 19 20 18 18 16 16 16 16 15 15 13 10 10 0 0 0 BH CG MN UP JH MP OD KA GA AI AS HR WB MH DL TN RJ JK GJ SK KL HP NL PJ UK AR AP TR MG MZ Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. 1 June 20, 2017 Punjab Social Inclusion There is more illiteracy among the Scheduled Castes than other groups in Punjab Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) Scheduled Tribe 25 21 31 23 Scheduled Caste 37 25 13 25 Other Backward Caste 22 21 15 41 General 18 17 13 53 0 20 40 60 80 100 ■ Illiterate ■ Literate or primary school completed ■ Middle school completed ■ Secondary school or higher completed More casual wage jobs for the Scheduled Castes when compared to other groups Share of employed, 2012 (%) Scheduled Tribe Scheduled Caste 5 41 35 39 56 24 ■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried Other Backward Caste General ■ Self-employed 6 20 30 51 29 65 2 June 20, 2017 Punjab Social Inclusion Open defecation is higher among the Scheduled Castes than others in Punjab Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100 80 69 59 60 48 44 40 29 21 20 16 8 7 1 0 All Scheduled Scheduled Other General Tribe Caste Backward Caste ■ Punjab ■ All India Access to drinking water is high for all groups in Punjab Households with drinking water on premises, 2012 (%) 100 98 93 87 84 81 80 69 60 56 58 44 40 27 20 0 All Scheduled Scheduled Other General Tribe Caste Backward Caste ■ Punjab ■ All India 3 June 20, 2017