Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd On behalf of the CTT Project Sponsors CENTRAL TERMICA DE TEMANE (CTT) PROJECT RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK [Revision 5 – For Submission to the World Bank] Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd On behalf of the CTT Project Sponsors CENTRAL TERMICA DE TEMANE (CTT) PROJECT RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK [Revision 5 – For Submission to the World Bank] Prepared for: Prepared by: Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd ACER (Africa) Environmental Consultants Akasia Street PO Box 503 Secunda Mtunzini 2303 3867 March 2019 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Economic growth within Mozambique is resulting in an increased demand for electricity (increasing by an estimated 6-8% annually (Golder, 2018a)). In an effort to assist in addressing the increasing demand, Moz Power Invest, SA (a company to be incorporated under the laws of Mozambique) and Sasol New Energy Holdings (Pty) Ltd are proposing the construction of the Central Termica de Temane (CTT), a new gas-driven electricity generation plant near the Sasol Central Processing Facility in the Inhassoro District of Mozambique. It is anticipated that the CTT Plant will produce approximately 400 MW of electricity. The joint development partners, Moz Power Invest SA and Sasol New Energy Holdings (Pty) Ltd are hereinafter referred to as the project proponent. Project activities commenced in 2014 when demining and bush clearing took place on the proposed CTT plant site as well as for a 7 m wide, 25 km long corridor (centre line for a 100 m wide corridor) for the proposed transmission line. The intention of the demining and bush clearing was to enable access for the project team to enable the required initial studies, including a social survey of potentially affected parties, to be undertaken. The proposed project is now in the investigative phase which requires, amongst others, an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). As per World Bank Directive OP 4.03, PS 5/OP 4.12, a requirement of the World Bank’s appraisal on providing funds for projects of this nature is a Resettlement Action Plan or Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). As the final technical configuration and design of the CTT project (including in some cases, the location of facilities) is not complete and, thus, the magnitude of resettlement is still to be accurately determined an RPF is the appropriate instrument to address the requirements for project appraisal for the World Bank and the first phase of the Mozambican Resettlement Process. Should the project proceed, once the final technical data and designs are available, the first step in continuing resettlement planning will be the formulation of a Final Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The Scope of Work (SOW) that guided the compilation of the RPF is as follows:  Updated census and household survey – compile a record of all entities within the potential Zone of Influence1 and all people who currently reside and utilise land within the Zone of Influence.  Compilation of general information about other potential affected parties in the Project vicinity, which also includes the three beach landing alternatives, associated transportation routes and ancillary infrastructure. These areas were not covered by the survey as the preferred alternatives have not been identified.  Resettlement Policy Framework – the RPF is intended to guide the project’s land acquisition (includes land use change and restrictions and economic displacement) and related resettlement/livelihood restoration requirements arising therefrom, and, therefore, covers all direct economic and social losses resulting from land acquisition and the restriction of access to land, natural resources (including fish and other marine resources) or restrictions to the use of land or access to fishing sites and commercial sites, and related economic displacement. This RPF has been compiled in order to comply with the relevant Mozambican and World Bank requirements. In terms of the Mozambican legislation, this RPF serves as the Physical and Socio- economic Report required during Phase 1 of RAP preparation for submission to MITADER along with a Social and Environmental Impact Assessment Report. The final RPF will be disclosed locally in a 1 The Zone of Influence is defined as the Partial Protection Zone (PPZ) for the CTT site, transmission line, gas pipeline and water pipeline. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK III SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS form, manner and language understandable to the potentially affected parties as per World Bank requirements and made available to the public through the World Bank Website. Following the approval of the Final RAP by the Mozambican Authorities and the World Bank, the RAP will be disclosed again in the same manner. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project location The CTT site is approximately 500 m to the south of the existing Sasol Central Processing Facility (CPF), which is located within the Temane/Mangugumete area of the Inhassoro District within the Inhambane Province of Mozambique. Project components The CTT project will consist of the construction and operation of the following main components:  Gas to power plant with a generation capacity of 400 MW. It is estimated that the footprint of the CTT will be 20 ha.  Surfaced access road to the CTT site that consists of a 500m road from the CPF access road that follows an existing path and the related PPZ of the road (expected to be 30m).  Gas pipeline (approximately 2 km) that will feed the power plant with natural gas from the CPF. A partial protection zone (PPZ) of 100 m (50 m either side of the pipeline) has been assumed.  400 kV electrical transmission line (approximately 25 km) from the power plant to the Vilanculos Sub-station. The transmission line will have a PPZ 100 m wide (50 m either side of the centre line of the transmission line). The transmission line’s effective servitude will be 50 m wide and will fall inside the PPZ and will be inclusive of a fire break (vegetation control) and a gravel maintenance road.  Temporary beach landing structures at Inhassoro for the purposes of delivery of equipment and infrastructure to build the power plant expected to use approximately 1 ha of land or less. This will include transhipment and barging activities to bring equipment to the beach landing site, temporary beach landing laydown area and logistics camp, as well as onward land transport to the project site.  Construction camp (including housing/accommodation for construction workers) and contractor laydown areas adjacent to the CTT power plant site (to be included in the existing DUAT area of the CTT power plant site).  Temporary bridge structures across the Govuro River and tributaries as well as possible new roads and/or road upgrades to facilitate the transport of equipment to site.  Alternative designs contemplate a water supply pipeline to a borehole located either on site or at a borehole located east of the Govuro River (requiring a pipeline of approximately 11 km); however, this pipeline is not part of the preferred design and thus all impacts associated with the water pipeline are not likely to occur. The preferred alternative for water supply is from on-site boreholes. The water pipeline is included here for planning purposes. The CTT project will include the following ancillary infrastructure that will fall within the existing DUAT area for the CTT project:  Maintenance facilities, administration and other buildings.  Telecommunications and security.  Waste (solid and effluent) treatment and/or handling facilities. Disposal will be offsite by third party in accordance with the ESMP. Temporary beach landing site and transport route alternatives As part of the construction of the CTT, large, heavy equipment and materials will need to be brought in by ship, which would remain anchored at sea off the coast of Inhassoro. Equipment and materials will be transferred to a flat bottom barge capable of moving on the high tide into very shallow water adjacent CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK IV SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS to the beach to off-load cargo onto a temporary off-loading jetty near the town of Inhassoro (typically the jetty will consist of containers filled with sand). As the tide changes, the barge rests on the beach and off-loading of the equipment occurs. Once off-loading has been completed, the barge is floated on the next available tide. As the preferred options for the anchorage point, barge lane, beach landing site and road transport route have not been confirmed, the potential economic displacement t impacts have not been quantified in this RPF. However, the manner in which the impacts of temporary economic resettlement/displacement as a result of the equipment off-loading sites including beach landing sites and transportation routes will be dealt with is detailed in the Compensation and Entitlement Framework. Given the time between each shipment (up to 3-4 months) the equipment at the jetty will demobilise after each operation and need to be mobilised again for each operation. Resettlement The required exclusion zones associated with the infrastructure required for the CTT project as well as the footprint of the CTT site (power station) may lead to physical resettlement and permanent land acquisition being unavoidable. Importantly, this may include both physical and economic resettlement/displacement and may be temporary and/or permanent in nature. However, it is anticipated that by following a strategy of avoidance, the magnitude of physical resettlement and economic displacement can be significantly reduced. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK The RPF for the CTT project has been developed according to Mozambican laws, decrees, policies and regulations relevant to resettlement activities; and to international normative frameworks such as the World Bank Operational Policies and the IFC Performance Standards, particularly the requirements of WBG OP4.03/PS5. THE PROJECT AREA: SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Demographics The project area is sparsely populated with a lower population density than the Inhambane province and the country. A large portion of the population within the Zone of Influence is classified as young (below the age of 15) with the entire population exhibiting a higher proportion of females than males. The population structure is indicative of a developing area. Education levels remain low with a high proportion of the population reporting no access to formal education. Livelihood strategies The majority of households in the project area make use of a machamba (subsistence agricultural plot) for household nutritional requirements. This is supported by 87% of survey respondents reporting that they (themselves) and other members of their households are subsistence farmers and 97% of all households reporting having access to a machamba. 87% of households reported making use of fruit trees located around their homesteads and 33% of households reported keeping livestock (though this is a minor supplementary activity). Income sources and levels The majority (63%) of households within the project area reported having no annual cash income. Those households that did report having a cash income, generated it from various sources, including the sale of charcoal or wood, operating small shops, working in security services, one commercial farmer, one farm labourer, one construction worker, and four informal vendors selling various products including local beer and eggs. The remaining five households reported making a cash income through the sale of produce grown on their subsistence plots. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK V SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Access to services Access to services such as water and sanitation within the project area is poor. The majority of households (62.7%) reported getting water from a formal well with a pump. Less than 1% of households reported running water at their homestead. Access to formal sanitation is also poor with 22% of households reporting no access while 75% reported making use of a pit latrine. Source of energy The majority of households within the Inhassoro District (50.8%) reported making use of paraffin as their primary source of energy for lighting. Other major sources of energy include firewood (28%) and candles (16.1%). Only 1.5% of households reported making use of electricity. Household structures Household structures recorded included main houses/bedrooms, storerooms, kitchen structures and toilet/bathroom structures. The most commonly used materials for the construction of these structures can be classified as ‘traditional’ with most walls made from ‘wattle and daub’ or reeds, with limited structures made from corrugated iron and concrete blocks. Access to healthcare On average, people within the project area reported having to travel 5.3 km in order to access healthcare facilities. There is, however, a significant difference between those people residing on the transmission line route who reported travelling 15 km on average, and those on the water pipeline route that reported travelling 3 km on average. POTENTIAL IMPACTS (AS RELATED TO RESETTLEMENT AND ECONOMIC DISPLACEMENT) Resettlement is the process whereby people or their economic activities are relocated away from a project area or their access to a project area is lost or restricted. Involuntary resettlement is often a lengthy and costly process, which can potentially have several social impacts on the affected communities caused by alterations to existing livelihood strategies and conflict between resettled and host communities which requires compensation and assistance. In this RPF, potential impacts identified are limited to those related to resettlement and economic displacement and do not consider all potential social impacts arising as a result of the project:  Loss of access to agricultural land.  Loss of access to natural resources.  Economic displacement/loss of revenue.  Loss of housing and associated infrastructure.  Social differentiation and inequality.  Exhumation and reburial of graves.  Loss of access to services.2 SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITON AND RESETTLEMENT Land acquisition Project land requirements At this early stage of project development, the amount of land required for the CTT project cannot be definitively quantified. Therefore, for purposes of the RPF, a ‘worst case’ scenario has been assumed3. 2 As relocation within 1 km is intended, these losses are unlikely but are included since some areas are yet to be identified and/or fully surveyed. 3 The magnitude of resettlement (physical and economic) detailed here is believed to be larger than what may be required following the finalisation of project design. This is based on the likelihood of: (i) the water pipeline not being required for the project; and (ii) the Proponent being able to maintain PAPs’ agricultural cultivation in the PPZ by obtaining the issuance of special use licences to PAPs CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK VI SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Land occupation Land occupation in the project area is largely made up of informal villages with a low population density. The population density on the transmission line route is lower than the population density along the water pipeline route, with the most densely populated areas located around the EN1 road. Current land use practices Land use within the project area is dominated by subsistence agricultural activities. Data from the household survey of potentially affected parties in the 525 ha project area (See Section 6.1.1) show that 97% of households reported making use of a machamba. Only 33% of households reported keeping livestock, with the most commonly kept animals being chickens and goats. Households and associated structures Households The majority of the potentially affected households are located on the water pipeline route. 42 of the 49 registered households potentially requiring physical resettlement while the remaining seven may require economic resettlement/displacement. 11 households on the transmission line route may require physical resettlement, i.e. the household, or a portion thereof, is within the 100 m corridor. Associated structures Homesteads typically comprise various structures such as a main house and/or bedroom, kitchen structure, storerooms and/or granaries, toilets and/or bathrooms. In the event of households being resettled, the associated structures will need to be compensated. Disadvantaged groups Special consideration is given to vulnerable groups when resettlement takes place. The WBG recommends that special assistance be provided to vulnerable groups, which may include the following:  Provision for separate and confidential consultation.  Priority in site selection in the host area.  Resettlement near to kin and former neighbours.  Assistance with dismantling salvageable materials from their original home.  Priority access to all other mitigation and development assistance.  Monitoring of nutritional and health status to ensure successful integration into the resettled community.  Where necessary, assist in accessing community and government support programmes. The following vulnerable groups have been identified for the proposed project:  Women headed households with children and youth (17 households).  Elderly headed households with children and no other adults (4 households).  Women and elderly people living alone (4 households).  Persons with mental disabilities (1 households). While these vulnerable groups have been identified as being affected, it should be noted that the majority of the population within the zone of influence exhibit low levels of income and poor literacy rates. In addition, the majority of the households within the Zone of Influence are reliant on subsistence agriculture. Considering this, it is likely that higher levels of assistance may be required in explaining the resettlement process as well as ensuring that the livelihoods of the resettled households are not adversely affected as a result of the project. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK VII SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Agricultural land A total of 14 machambas were recorded within the 100 m corridor of the transmission line route and 18 machambas within the 100 corridor of the water pipeline route 4. During the construction of the transmission line and water pipeline, it is likely that access to these machambas will be restricted. In the event of agricultural activities being allowed within the servitudes during operation 5, the affected households will be able to continue with their agricultural activities, if the Sponsor is able to obtain a special licence for activities in a PPZ (Land Law, Article 9). However, in the event that no activities are allowed within the corridors or formalisation of the special use rights is not possible, thus, making damages permanent, suitable alternative land will need to be identified, prepared and made available to the affected parties. In the event of the transportation routes requiring the widening of roads and/or other ancillary infrastructure requiring additional land, there is the potential for further losses of agricultural land and/or homes. However, it is understood that the areas through which the proposed alternative transportation routes go are relatively sparsely populated, and the desire to avoid resettlement will be considered when determining the final preferred route. Considering these factors, it is believed that resettlement impacts associated with the transportation routes will be minimal, however impacts can only be quantified once the final project design and routes are determined. Tree crops and Utxema (palm wine) 87% of households reported making use of fruit trees to supplement their livelihoods and, as such, any losses or damages to fruit trees require compensation to ensure that the livelihoods of the affected parties are not negatively impacted. The brewing of palm wine (Utxema) provides another important livelihood activity for households within the project area. While it was not possible to quantify the exact number of trees and palm plants that may be affected due to access constraints, an estimated 13,002 trees may be damaged in the Zone of Influence (based on damages recorded during work undertaken in 2015). In the event of the transportation routes requiring the widening of roads and/or other ancillary infrastructure requiring additional land, there is the potential for further losses of fruit trees or Utxema plants. However, these losses cannot be quantified until the final project design and routes are determined. Tourism industry It has been estimated that there are 22 tourism facilities in Inhassoro that could potentially be affected by the proposed equipment off-loading process and beach landing site, associated infrastructure and activities (Golder, 2018b). The number of facilities that will be affected will be determined once the optimal route and the preferred beach landing site are selected. Of the three possible sites (SETA, Briza Mar and Maritima) Briza Mar is likely to result in greater impacts due to proximity to more lodges and the required widening of roads. Fishing industry The artisanal fishing industry is a significant sector within the project area with a large number of households reliant on it for survival. It is anticipated that regardless of which anchoring points and which of the three possible beach landing sites is selected, there will be an impact on the local fishing industry. This may result from exclusion zones and the presence of large infrastructure reducing the catch in the areas. Potential impacts will be enumerated when the preferred anchoring and landing site alternative and related routes have been identified. Information arising from this enumeration will be provided in 4 While 97% of households reported making use of machambas, not all the machambas are located within the 100 m corridor. 5 Shallow-rooted crops of restricted height and not within the 6 m exclusion zone. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK VIII SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS the Final Resettlement Action Plan (which will include a livelihood restoration component) and compensation dealt with as described in the Compensation and Entitlement Matrix. Graves During the survey of the project area, 11 households reported having a total of 23 graves albeit that only six of these graves fall within the 100 m corridor of the transmission line and water pipeline routes. In all cases where graves are in proximity to project infrastructure or construction activities, consultation will need to be undertaken with the next of kin to determine the necessary procedure to protect or exhume and rebury the grave, or provide alternate mitigation, to determine if any traditional ceremonies are required and to agree on how to proceed. COMPENSATION FRAMEWORK AND ENTITLEMENT MATRIX Resettlement principles Mozambique Decree 31/2012 defines levels of affected individuals as Directly Affected Population, Indirectly Affected Population and Temporarily Affected Population. Entitlements will also be defined to cover all categories under WB 4.03/PS5, which considers all impacts enumerated below to be direct. These criteria have been used in distinguishing between the different affected population groups for the CTT project:  The directly affected population is the population that lives within the 100 m corridor. It has been assumed that all infrastructure in these areas will need to be removed and the affected households resettled.  The indirectly affected population is the population that does not have any infrastructure within the 100 m corridors but do have machambas (or any economic activity) in this area. In addition, the fishing and tourism industries in Inhassoro and any parties economically displaced as a result of land acquisition or use restrictions (e.g., roadside vendors) are considered to be ‘Indirectly Affected’.  The temporarily affected population are those people with graves and/or family cemeteries within the 100 m corridor. Cut-off date to entitlements For the purposes of this RPF, it has been assumed that everyone within the 100 m corridor of the transmission line, water pipeline and gas pipeline and within the CTT site footprint will require resettlement. However, only once the final alignment of this infrastructure has been confirmed (with the intention of avoiding resettlement) can the final resettlement requirements be quantified. Following final alignment definition, a cut-off date for eligibility will be implemented and a moratorium on further settlement in the Zone of Influence passed. This will be communicated by the Provincial Governor and/or the District Administrator, and actively disseminated (including to PAPs) in a manner that can be documented. The date will be communicated to the WBG and documented along with the dissemination process in the final RAP. Eligibility and entitlement framework All households, persons and/or companies requiring physical and/or economic resettlement/displacement or shown to have experienced a loss of revenue as a direct result of the CTT project will be eligible for resettlement and/or compensation, including livelihood restoration. Compensation and related entitlements Physical resettlement In accordance with Decree 31/2012, anyone who is resettled is entitled to conditions equal to or above their previous standard of living as further described in Section 3.1. Decree 31/2012 also notes that resettled parties in rural areas are entitled to a plot not less than 5,000 m² and nothing less than a three bedroom house with an area of 70 m² to be built of conventional materials and to an approved and agreed design. All affected parties will be offered replacement houses of this standard. However, based CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK IX SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS on experience, it is often the case that household heads prefer a structure made from traditional materials. If this is the case, quotations will be obtained to construct the replacement house from traditional materials and contractors appointed to undertake the work. The quality of the work and materials will be monitored by the resettlement team and signed off by the project proponent and head of the affected household. Economic resettlement/displacement In the case of the temporary loss of agricultural land and annual crops, affected parties will be compensated according to the loss of one season’s production per season lost, based on the size of the area affected. The value per hectare will be determined by yield and price data for the specific crop provided by the Government of Mozambique (GOM) as verified by current market (full replacement) values with the higher of the two values being used. In the case of tree crops, any affected party found to have experienced damages, losses or lost access to tree crops will be provided with replacement trees. The ratio of replacement trees for those damaged will be based on the survival rate of the particular species e.g. a 50% survival rate would require two trees be provided for every lost tree. Affected parties are informed that responsibility for cultivation is entirely their own; however, they are provided with advice on cultivation and compensation for the labour (which could be in-kind). Compensation will be paid on the basis of loss of production and the consequent loss of income accumulated over the period required for the new trees (replacement tress provided) to become productive. In respect of the permanent loss of machambas, replacement land equivalent in size, quality and locational advantage to the land lost must be sourced, demined, bush cleared and prepared for planting. The replacement land must be identified by the local traditional leader and Government representative, in line with Mozambican custom and in consultation with the affected person(s). In the case of agricultural land being lost on a permanent basis, the affected party will also be paid compensation for the loss of a single growing season for each season lost. Cash compensation for any asset will be calculated at full replacement cost (the value of obtaining an equivalent asset in the local market, plus all transaction costs--and with no deductions for depreciation or salvage value of the asset being compensated). With respect to potential impacts on fishermen, only artisanal fisheries will be eligible for compensation (semi- and industrial fishers are mobile and have the ability to move away from the project-affected area without additional cost or impacts and, therefore, are not eligible for compensation). Compensation will be calculated as follows:  Determine an average catch’s composition (for example, type of fish, class of fish, etc.), volume (weight, quantity, etc.) and effort (type of fishing gear used). This will be determined through a pre-project baseline survey, which will be validated with data from the fisherman associations.  Establish an acceptable value (for example, per kg, per boat, per person or per day) for a mixed catch (as informed by current market values). This will also be determined through the pre-project baseline survey.  In principle, compensation will be paid to any individual for the loss of a single day of fishing (this, along with notification of barge movements and restrictions, is to dissuade people from purposefully fishing in the project-affected area to obtain compensation).  Compensation will also be paid for consumables (for example, diesel) used in the wasted day’s fishing effort. Potential impacts to tourism operators resulting from offshore activities and landing sites primarily relate to the loss of access to and use of resources, and loss of and disruption to income sources and CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK X SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS livelihoods (i.e. economic displacement). Affected tourism and associated operators will be compensated on proven actual financial loss (See Section 7.6). Loss of access to natural resources In the event of any party losing access to natural resources as a direct result of the project and through consultation with the affected party and the community leader it is determined that these natural resources cannot be reasonably and sustainably obtained elsewhere, the affected party will be entitled to compensation. Compensation will be provided in the form of the natural resource, e.g. if access has been lost to grass for thatching, the required volume of grass for thatching will be provided to the affected party. In principle, no cash compensation will be provided so as to prevent opportunistic claims. LIVELIHOODS RESTORATION PLAN To meet the goals of Mozambican and WBG policies to maintain and improve the livelihoods of parties affected by resettlement or economic displacement, both in terms of standards and sustainability, a livelihoods restoration plan is required. During the social survey, respondents most commonly reported their main concerns as access to water, employment, healthcare, education and access to electricity. These findings have helped shape the proposed livelihoods restoration plan. It needs to be noted that a number of the measures discussed above relating to entitlement of the affected parties to compensation form part of the livelihood restoration process, such as:  The replacement of all lost assets.  The replacement of agricultural land. The preparation of agricultural land.  Compensation for all lost growing seasons  Compensation for lost income/revenue.  Compensation for loss of access to natural resources. Following the finalisation of project design and during the development of the final Resettlement Action Plan, the livelihood restoration plan will be finalised. This will entail discussions with the affected parties as well as the GOM and non-government and community organisations operating in the area to prioritise and plan the necessary interventions. If implemented successfully, these will assist in ensuring that the livelihoods of the affected parties and the broader community are not adversely affected by the CTT project. The project proponent will partner with local non-government organisations and community based organisations and will link/align livelihood restoration activities with the Corporate Social Responsibility Programmes of the CTT Project’s owners. These organisations possess a large amount of local knowledge as well as industry expertise which will aid in ensuring that the livelihoods restoration plan meets its objectives. Interventions and/or programmes to be selected and developed in consultation with the affected parties are proposed for the following:  Cash for work.  Agricultural development assistance.  Improved services.  Water.  Sanitation.  Electricity.  Health.  HIV and AIDS.  Malaria.  Improved sustainable access to natural resources and ecological services.  Improved infrastructure. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XI SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS CONSULTATION WITH POTENTIALLY AFFECTED PARTIES Previous consultation Consultation was initiated in 2014 when initial studies were undertaken. During this time, district administrators and community leaders were informed of the project and the undertaking of the social survey. Focus group discussions as well as public meetings were held in 2014, in both Inhassoro and Inhambane. During the undertaking of the social survey in 2014, discussions were held with each of the potentially affected households. Consultation for the RPF Heads of households During the social survey undertaken in August and September 2018 as part of this RPF formulation, household heads were provided with background information regarding the CTT project. Household heads were offered the opportunity to raise concerns regarding the project. No significant concerns were raised (details are provided in Section 9 and Annexure 6 provides the names of persons consulted). See also the Public consultation section below. Fishermen A focus group meeting was held with members of the Inhassoro Fishing Association in Inhassoro town on 11 September 2018. During the meeting, the fishermen were provided with available background information pertaining to the project. Based on the information provided, fishermen raised the following concerns (as detailed in Annex 7):  Potential exclusion zones that may be implemented during the operation of the beach landing site and how this may affect the ability of fishermen to access fishing grounds.  The impact that the presence of large infrastructure may have on fish stocks in the area. Tourism operators Tourism establishments located adjacent to the three beach landing sites were contacted regarding the project and provided with background information. The tourism establishments raised the following concerns regarding the proposed project (as detailed in Annex 7):  The impact that the beach landing site may have on people visiting the area due to the presence of large infrastructure on the beach.  It was noted by the respondents that this can be offset to some degree by accommodating project staff.  The impact that any exclusion zones may have on the launching of boats for fishing charters, diving trips and other tourism related activities. Public consultation The Draft RPF was made available for public review on 28 December 2018 at various locations through the project area, Inhassoro District and Inhambane Province. The Draft RPF was presented during public meetings in January 2019. During these meetings, the Draft RPF and the principles of resettlement (both physical and economic) were presented as well as the methodology to be applied in determining compensation. Future consultation It is expected that the project design will be finalised and the resettlement requirements and economic displacement impacts quantified by the next phase of RAP documentation; therefore, consultation with the affected parties will take place in accordance with the requirements of the Mozambican resettlement procedure as detailed in Articles 13 and 23 of Decree 31/2012 and those of the WBG as set out in this RPF. Considering that any required resettlement is likely to be limited to specific households as CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XII SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS opposed to entire communities, consultation will likely take place on a one-on-one basis with the affected households. In the case of parties likely to experience economic resettlement/displacement, viz. fishermen and tourism establishments/operators, consultation will take the form of public meetings with focus group meetings arranged as required. Importantly, for all consultation, where required, the project proponent will provide feedback on project progress and actions arising from previous consultation. Further, records of all engagements will be kept. Each RAP or LRP will be made available for public consultation and disclosed per WBG requirements. INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS Institutional framework This section identifies institutions responsible for implementation and monitoring of the RPF, including potential external institutions with whom the project proponent can partner. The World Bank Group recommends the involvement of stakeholders to promote capacity building amongst institutions and transparency on resettlement activities. Government institutions will be involved during planning and implementation: the entitlement process; allocation of land per household; improvements to public buildings, such as schools; the provision of services such as water supply, sanitation and electricity, and other public infrastructure. The project proponent will partner with civil society and other institutions to assist in achieving several goals on specific critical issues, such as rural women empowerment; entitlement land rights awareness; and HIV and AIDS education. Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee As detailed in the Mozambican Regulations for the Resettlement Process Resulting from Economic Activities (Decree 31/2012), a Technical Resettlement and Supervision Committee is required to be established by the Minister supervising Territorial Planning within the area where the project falls, in this case, the Province of Inhambane (See Section 10.2). Following completion of the project design and prior to commencing with the development of the Final RAP, the relevant authorities will be engaged to initiate the process of establishing the committee. Resettlement steering committee Working under the guidance of and reporting to the Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee, a Resettlement Steering Committee (RSC) will be created at the onset of the project to facilitate coordination of resettlement activities (See Section 10.3). The RSC will complement the Project Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee, which is required by the Mozambican resettlement regulations. The RSC should meet regularly (initially monthly but decreasing frequency over time) during the resettlement planning and implementation phases to assist with the coordination of all resettlement and livelihood restoration tasks, and especially with those requiring inputs from Government departments. Community liaison and participation The success of the resettlement and livelihood restoration programmes will largely depend on the project proponent being able to establish and maintain sustainable relationships with the directly and indirectly affected households. A full time CTT project Community Liaison Officer (CLO) will be appointed to oversee all community consultation as well as being the contact for any concerns emanating from the community including those related o resettlement and impacts on livelihoods. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XIII SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS CTT Resettlement team A dedicated resettlement team will be required to manage the entire resettlement process. The CTT resettlement team will report directly to the CTT Project Manager and will be inclusive of the following positions and responsibilities:  Resettlement manager.  In field manager.  Field enumerators. Specialised third parties will be involved in livelihood restoration measures (study, design and implementation) providing technical assistance. In the case of the CTT project, such assistance will be directed to subsistence farming activities in the project area. National research institutes that have experience in the Inhambane Province and Inhassoro District will be deployed to assist farmers to improve their annual production, achieve food security and raise their income through the sale of surplus produce. The benefits from making alliances with local institutions and organisations bring multiple benefits to all parties. The main objective of these partnerships is to delegate the implementation and monitoring of different issues to experts, preferably local, in the field. The community, in general, will appreciate the participation of these stakeholders as they will also see the benefit of having local institutions overseeing the RPF and promoting dialogue and transparency. All programs will be in place prior to resettlement commencing. Grievance and dispute resolution Considering the disruptive nature of involuntary resettlement (both physical and economic, and possible indirect impacts), incidences of dissatisfaction and unhappiness among both the affected households and the broader community are likely. A grievance and dispute resolution procedure is imperative to deal with complaints in an efficient and transparent manner. The project proponent will implement and closely monitor the GRM, although the mechanism will be designed to follow traditional communication lines.. Typically, any grievances relating to resettlement and/or compensation will first be reported through local leadership channels. This will involve the complainant informing the Secretario de Quarteirões (Block Secretary) who in turn will inform the Régulos (Chief). The Régulos is required to inform the CLO who reports the grievance to the proponent’s project management official. Grievances can also be reported directly to project management or personnel, in which case it will redirected to the described channels, unless the aggrieved person specifically requests otherwise. Importantly, grievances can be reported in person, in writing, electronically or via telephone. Contact details for the project management team will be made available through information leaflets as well as onsite notice boards. The grievance process will be widely publicised in the project area and every effort will be made to make sure that all affected parties are aware of the procedure and how it functions. Furthermore, detailed records of all grievances, actions taken and resolutions will be maintained by the project proponent and will be freely available for scrutiny by the GOM and third parties. Complainants will also be informed of their rights and of the availability of other recourse (including judicial and World Bank) at any time throughout the process. IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING AND AUDITING Implementation schedule It is estimated that the resettlement process will take 22 months to complete. The first three months are allocated to arriving at an investment decision and the next two months are allocated to preparation of the Final Resettlement and Livelihoods Restoration Plan, including World Bank approval. Therefore, CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XIV SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS actual resettlement implementation is estimated to take 17 months to complete. The critical path of the programme is the length of time required to construct replacement houses (employing one or more contractors). The proposed programmes do not include the entire time required for the livelihood restoration activities and the monitoring and evaluation programme as these activities/programmes will continue after the completion of physical resettlement, provision of compensation for lost assets and any other actions required in the final RAP prior to enabling access to the sites for the project proponent to commence construction. All final RAPs will require approval by the WBG and disclosure according to OP4.03/PS5 and no construction will be initiated until all final plans have been prepared, approved and implement to the extent established in their respective schedules, including completion of compensation prior to impacts occurring. Monitoring and evaluation OP 4.03/PS 5 indicates the need to monitor and evaluate the Resettlement Action Plan throughout implementation and completion. Further, Mozambican Regulations for the Resettlement Process Resulting from Economic Activities (Decree 31/2012) outlines the responsibilities for the State and the company in monitoring and evaluation. Considering the above, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) for the CTT project will be commensurate with the project’s risks and impacts. For cases where livelihood restoration was involved, M&E will be conducted at least once, as close to the harvesting period as possible, to determine whether claimants’ livelihoods have been restored to levels which are the same or better than their pre-existing levels. Where resettlement was involved, the replacement housing and other infrastructure for every household is to be inspected, in consultation with the owner, the required Mozambican Government representatives and the relevant representatives from the RSC. Other livelihood restoration activities will establish appropriate baselines and monitoring requirements at the time of design. Monitoring frequencies will be determined when the final Resettlement and Livelihoods Restoration Plan is prepared (once the project design has been finalised and impacts can be accurately quantified). The final monitoring exercise will constitute an evaluation of the entire resettlement process including ‘exit interviews’ with affected parties (sample sizes are detailed below). To ensure that the livelihoods of the affected parties have not been adversely affected but rather improved, key indicators and variables have been identified which should be monitored to determine if the livelihoods of affected parties have been successfully re-established. Key indicators for the monitoring of graves that were exhumed and reburied, homesteads that were resettled and machambas that were re-established are provided. These indicators have been adapted from the Sasol Resettlement Planning and Implementation Programme Volume 4: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan, November 2004. While some data will be quantitative (crop yields, soils fertility, etc.), a large volume will be qualitative as it relates to people’s perceptions. It is recommended that the sample sizes for ‘exit interviews’ as part of M&E are as follows (this is based on the assumption that the total number of physically resettled households will remain limited and it will be possible to undertake M&E (exit interviews) for each of the potentially resettled households):  Homesteads 100%.  Vulnerable households 100%  Machambas 25%  Graves 100%. If significant impacts are experienced by artisanal fishers and tourism related operators, these entities will be added to the M&E Matrix. Importantly, the M&E process entails the measuring (qualitative and CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XV SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS quantitative), analysis and interpretation of findings in order to develop recommendations. The interpretation of the findings will indicate whether the livelihood restoration measures are successful or whether further/alternate interventions are required. Auditing It is recommended that the project proponent employs an external auditor to audit the resettlement and livelihoods restoration process. The external audit should be undertaken once during implementation (mid-implementation) and once following the complete implementation of the Resettlement and Livelihoods Restoration Plan. Also, the owners of the CTT project will develop internal performance monitoring criteria to measure the performance of the rollout of the resettlement process on a quarterly basis and issue the respective reports. BUDGET The total estimated cost for resettlement and key aspects of livelihood restoration is US $4,870,523.91. This cost is inclusive of actual compensation and implementation. The cost of the Final RAP will be determined once the Final RAP has been formulated. CONCLUDING REMARKS This RPF has been prepared to meet the requirements for the World Bank’s appraisal mission. Due to the lack of a final project design, it has not been possible to accurately determine the number of affected parties. In order to overcome this, the RPF has been compiled considering a “worst case scenario”, i. e. assuming the highest impact alternatives. However, it is anticipated that various project design decisions, such as the water pipeline not being required and the ability to obtain special use licences to allow for activities to continue within the PPZ, will result in the required permanent resettlement being far lower than what has been detailed in this RPF. The proposed heavy equipment moving activities including construction of a temporary jetty in the vicinity of Inhassoro town also has the potential to negatively impact on fishing activities (largely subsistence) and the tourism industry in the town. In addition, the construction of a transportation route from the beach landing site to the project site has the potential to result in disruptions to roadside vendors and businesses, and loss of agricultural land. While it is anticipated that such impacts will be relatively small, any eligible party proven to be negatively impacted by project activities will be compensated in accordance with this RPF. As the preferred beach landing site and transportation route have not yet been confirmed, it was not possible to quantify the potentially impacted parties. Assuming the successful World Bank appraisal for the project, the project team will commence with the preparation of a Final Resettlement Action Plan that will be informed by a finalised project design. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XVI SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... XVII LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................. XIX LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................... XIX LIST OF PLATES ............................................................................................................................... XIX ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................ XX GLOSSARY OF TERMS .................................................................................................................... XXI AUTHORS.......................................................................................................................................... XXV REQUIREMENTS OF A RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK.............................................. XXVI 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Aim and scope of the resettlement policy framework ................................................................. 2 1.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Clearance and disclosure of the RPF ......................................................................................... 3 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Project location ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Project components and operation ............................................................................................. 4 3. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS ....................................................................................... 9 3.1 Mozambique Decree 31/2012 and Technical Directive 155/2014 .............................................. 9 3.2 Technical Directive 156/2014 ................................................................................................... 10 3.3 International safeguards ........................................................................................................... 11 3.4 Mozambican legislation compared to WB OP4.03/PS 5 .......................................................... 12 4 THE PROJECT AREA: SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE ............................................................ 19 4.1 Demographics ........................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Land holdings ............................................................................................................................ 20 4.3 Occupational patterns and livelihoods ...................................................................................... 20 4.4 Access to services .................................................................................................................... 23 4.5 Household structures ................................................................................................................ 24 4.6 Access to healthcare................................................................................................................. 24 4.7 Ethnicity and Religion ............................................................................................................... 24 5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS (AS RELATED TO RESETTLEMENT)................................................ 26 5.1 Loss of access to agricultural land ............................................................................................ 26 5.2 Loss of access to natural resources ......................................................................................... 27 5.3 Economic displacement/loss of revenue .................................................................................. 27 5.4 Loss of housing and associated infrastructure ......................................................................... 28 5.5 Social differentiation and inequality .......................................................................................... 29 5.6 Exhumation and reburial of graves ........................................................................................... 29 5.7 Loss of access to services ........................................................................................................ 29 6 SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT....................................................... 30 6.1 Land acquisition ........................................................................................................................ 30 6.2 Households and associated structures ..................................................................................... 31 6.3 Disadvantaged groups .............................................................................................................. 32 6.4 Agricultural land ........................................................................................................................ 35 6.5 Tree crops and Utxema (palm wine) ......................................................................................... 35 6.6 Tourism industry ....................................................................................................................... 36 6.7 Fishing industry ......................................................................................................................... 37 6.8 Graves ...................................................................................................................................... 37 7 COMPENSATION FRAMEWORK AND ENTITLEMENT MATRIX ........................................... 39 CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XVII SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 7.1 Resettlement principles............................................................................................................. 39 7.2 Resettlement paradigms ........................................................................................................... 39 7.3 Categories of loss and affected persons .................................................................................. 40 7.4 Cut-off date to entitlements ....................................................................................................... 40 7.5 Eligibility and entitlement framework ........................................................................................ 40 7.6 Compensation and related entitlements ................................................................................... 42 8 LIVELIHOODS RESTORATION PLAN ..................................................................................... 50 9 CONSULTATION WITH POTENTIALLY AFFECTED PARTIES .............................................. 52 9.1 Previous consultation ................................................................................................................ 52 9.2 Consultation for the RPF .......................................................................................................... 52 9.3 Public consultation .................................................................................................................... 54 9.4 Future consultation ................................................................................................................... 55 10 INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS .............................................. 56 10.1 Institutional framework .............................................................................................................. 56 10.2 Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee ............................................. 56 10.3 Resettlement steering committee ............................................................................................. 56 10.4 Community liaison and participation ......................................................................................... 57 10.5 CTT Resettlement team ............................................................................................................ 58 10.6 Grievance and dispute resolution ............................................................................................. 59 11 IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING AND AUDITING ....................................................... 61 11.1 Implementation schedule .......................................................................................................... 61 11.2 Monitoring and evaluation ......................................................................................................... 61 11.3 Auditing ..................................................................................................................................... 64 12 BUDGET ..................................................................................................................................... 71 13 CONCLUDING REMARKS ........................................................................................................ 72 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 73 ANNEXURE 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 74 ANNEXURE 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 75 ANNEXURE 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 76 ANNEXURE 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 77 ANNEXURE 5 ....................................................................................................................................... 78 ANNEXURE 6 ....................................................................................................................................... 79 ANNEXURE 7 ....................................................................................................................................... 81 CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XVIII SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 CTT project location ........................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2 Beach landing sites and transport route options ................................................................ 7 Figure 3 Age distribution pyramid of the population in the project area ......................................... 19 Figure 4 Registered DUATs and recorded households and machambas within the project area.. 21 Figure 5 Organogram of the institutional arrangements for resettlement ....................................... 58 Figure 6 CTT RPF – Programme.................................................................................................... 63 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Principles that drive the resettlement process .................................................................... 9 Table 2 Comparison between Mozambican legislation and World Bank Group standards .......... 14 Table 3 Levels of annual income ................................................................................................... 23 Table 4 Estimated resettlement required per phase ..................................................................... 31 Table 5 Details of total households’ assets directly and indirectly affected by the CTT ............... 31 Table 6 Potentially vulnerable households .................................................................................... 34 Table 7 Potentially vulnerable households per project servitudes ................................................ 34 Table 8 Machambas within the project area .................................................................................. 35 Table 9 Estimated number of trees that may be affected.............................................................. 36 Table 10 Estimated number of Utxema plants that may be affected .............................................. 36 Table 11 Details of graves within the project area .......................................................................... 37 Table 12 Summary of impacts per project component .................................................................... 38 Table 13 Definition to be applied according to Mozambique Decree 31/2012 ................................ 39 Table 14 Categories of loss ............................................................................................................. 40 Table 15 Entitlement matrix ............................................................................................................. 45 Table 16 Valuation methodology ..................................................................................................... 48 Table 17 Locations where the Draft RPF was made available for public review ............................ 54 Table 18 Indicators, variables to measure and actions for grave monitoring and evaluation ......... 65 Table 19 Indicators, variables to measure and actions for homestead monitoring and evaluation 66 Table 20 Indicators, variables to measure and actions for machamba monitoring and evaluation 69 Table 21 Cost estimate for resettlement .......................................................................................... 71 LIST OF PLATES Plate 1 Land currently under commercial agriculture ................................................................... 22 Plate 2 Centre pivots being used in land under commercial agriculture ...................................... 22 Plate 3 Machamba with cassava being grown ............................................................................. 22 Plate 4 A machamba cleared in preparation for planting .............................................................. 22 Plate 5 Example of a ‘main house’ made from wooden poles ...................................................... 25 Plate 6 House made of ‘wattle and daub’ with a thatch roof ......................................................... 25 Plate 7 House made from corrugated iron .................................................................................... 25 Plate 8 Toilet structure .................................................................................................................. 25 Plate 9 Example of a grain store ................................................................................................... 25 Plate 10 Example of a kitchen structure ......................................................................................... 25 Plate 11 Consultation taking place with members of the Inhassoro fishing association ................ 53 Plate 12 Consultation taking place with members of the Inhassoro fishing association ................ 53 CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XIX SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACER ACER (Africa) Environmental Consultants ACIS Associação Comėrcio E Indŭstria CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbines CLO Community Liaison Officer CPF Central Processing Facility CTT Central Termica de Temane EDM Electricidade de Moçambique ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment GOM Government of Mozambique GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HH Household IDPPE Small Scale Fisheries Development Institute IFC International Finance Corporation IIP National Fisheries Research Institute M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MGtP Mozambique Gas to Power Plant MITADER Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development MPI Moz Power Invest, S.A. OCGE Open Cycle Gas Engines PPZ Partial Protection Zone RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RSC Resettlement Steering Committee SIA Social Impact Assessment SOW Scope of Work TEC Temane Energy Consortium (Pty) Ltd CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XX SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS GLOSSARY OF TERMS Artisanal fisheries Fishing operations using small vessels (less than 10 m long) or no vessels, with much of the catch used for subsistence consumption, although some is processed, sold or traded Census Any field survey carried out to identify and determine the number of project affected persons (PAPs) and their assets; in accordance with the procedures, satisfactory to the National legislation and World Bank Safeguard Policies. The census must be complemented by additional information gathered during consultations with affected communities and the Local Leaders. Compensation The payment in cash, and jobs, houses, in kind, land and conservation measures, or other assets given in exchange for the taking of land including fixed assets thereon, in part or whole depending on the context, the nature of the right of use or occupancy, the type of losses and the purpose of the resettlement or economic displacement. Cut-off date The date of commencement of the census of PAPs within the project area boundaries. This is the date on and beyond which any person without ownership or legal occupancy rights who newly occupies land identified for project use, will not be eligible for compensation. The date must be announced widely as the cut-off date and enough time must be given to the PAPs for the subsequent actions to be valid. Economic resettlement/ Loss of assets or access to assets or places of work that leads to loss displacement of income sources or other means of livelihood Exclusion zone A defined area around project infrastructure or equipment (including the temporary anchoring site, landing site, barge and barge lanes, transportation vessel land transport routes) where non-project entities and activities are prohibited First order fishmonger, Individuals or groups to whom artisanal fisheries directly sell their catch trader or processor Industrial fisheries Fishing operations carried out in Mozambican waters or beyond, using motor-driven vessels more than 20 m long and motors of up to 1500 hp.. Vessels use crushed ice or have on-board refrigeration to preserve the catch, use mechanical fishing methods and are equipped with Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Involuntary displacement The involuntary taking of land resulting in direct or indirect economic and social impacts caused by:  Loss of benefits from use of such land;  Relocation or loss of shelter;  Loss of assets or access to assets; or  Loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether the project affected person has moved to another location or not. Involuntary Land Acquisition The taking of land by government or other government agencies for compensation, for the purposes of a public project against the will of CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XXI SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS the landowner. The landowner may be left with the right to negotiate the amount of compensation proposed. This includes land or assets for which the owner enjoys uncontested customary rights. Land Agricultural and/or non-agricultural land and any structures thereon whether temporary or permanent and which may be required for the project. Land acquisition The taking of, or alienation of, land, buildings or other assets thereon for purposes of the project. Livelihood This refers to the full range of means that individuals, families, and communities utilise to make a living, such as wage-based income, agriculture, fishing, foraging, other natural resource-based livelihoods, petty trade, and bartering Livelihood Restoration An outline of the general principles that will be adopted in determining Framework what affected parties who are economically displaced are entitled to (for example, compensation, other assistance), in order to provide them with adequate opportunity to re-establish their livelihoods Livelihood Restoration Plan A plan that establishes the entitlements (for example, compensation, other assistance) of affected persons and/or communities who are economically displaced, in order to provide them with adequate opportunity to re-establish their livelihoods Machamba Subsistence farming plot Partial Protection Zone Land for which no right to land use by third parties exists and in which the exercise of any other activity other than that for which the PPZ was defined (established for infrastructure by operation of the Mozambican land law), must be licensed. Physical resettlement Relocation or loss of shelter Project affected persons Those persons who, because of land acquisition or involuntary displacement, economic and/or social adverse impacts, regardless of whether the said project affected persons must physically relocate or not. PAPs can include informal land occupants/users that lack formal and/or customary rights. These people may have their:  Standard of living adversely affected, whether the project affected person must move to another location or not;  Right, title, interest in any house, land (including premises, agricultural and grazing land) or any other fixed or movable asset acquired or possessed, temporarily or permanently, adversely affected;  Access to productive assets or natural resources adversely affected, temporarily or permanently; or  Business, occupation, work or place of residence or habitat adversely affected. Replacement Cost An amount sufficient to cover full replacement cost of lost assets and related transaction costs. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XXII SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS The cost is to be based on the Market rate (commercial rate) considering the Mozambican legislation for transaction of property. In terms of land, this may be categorised as follows: Replacement cost for agricultural land means the pre-project or pre- displacement, whichever is higher, market value of land of equal productive potential or use, located in the vicinity of the affected land (or in the absence of a land market the value needed to obtain a parcel of land with similar functional and locational advantages), plus the costs of:  Preparing the land to levels similar to those of the affected land; and  Any registration, transfer taxes and other associated fees; Replacement cost for houses and other structures means the prevailing market cost of replacing affected structures of the quality equal to or better than that of the affected structures, in an area. Such costs shall include:  Purchase of building materials;  Transporting building materials to the construction site;  Any labour and contractors’ fees;  Any registration costs; and  Pre-project or pre-displacement, whichever is higher, market value of (or amount required to obtain) land of equal size and locational advantage in a similar area, plus the transaction costs. Resettlement Assistance The measures to ensure that project affected persons who may be required to be physically relocated are provided with assistance, such as moving allowances, residential housing or rentals whichever is required, for ease of resettlement during relocation and any transitional losses. Resettlement Plan A settlement instrument (document) which contains specific and legally binding requirements to be abided by the project Proponent to resettle and compensate the affected people before implementation of the project activities causing adverse impacts. Semi-industrial fisheries Semi-industrial fisheries operate in coastal areas using motor-driven vessels from 10 to 20 m in length and motors of less than 350 hp. The operations use ice or mechanical refrigeration for on-board preservation of the catch, and they may also use mechanical fishing methods Special use licence A document that authorises the carrying out of any economic activity within total or partial protection zones Utxema An alcoholic wine (Utxema) is made from the sap of a palm-like plant that grows in the Project Area Vulnerable Groups Refers to:  Low capacity households – especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, widows, ethnic minorities and/or CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XXIII SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS subjects of gender bias, low income households and informal sector operators;  Incapacitated households – those with no one fit to work and;  Child-headed households;  Any other vulnerable groups, among other things, characterised by low nutrition levels, low or no education, lack of employment or revenue. Zone of influence The zone of influence is defined as the Partial Protection Zone (PPZ) for the CTT site, transmission line, gas pipeline and water pipeline where the social survey was undertaken for the RPF CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XXIV SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS AUTHORS Resettlement planning and the compilation of this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) were undertaken by Mr DN Keal (ACER (Africa) Environmental Consultants) under the direction of Dr R-D Heinsohn (ACER) who also conducted an internal review of the report. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XXV SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS REQUIREMENTS OF A RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK The requirements of the Resettlement Policy Framework (as detailed in the World Bank Operation Policy 4.03, PS 5/OP 4.12) and the Physical and Socioeconomic Report as detailed in Ministerial Resolution No. 156/2014 of September 19 and the sections within the report where they are addressed, are provided in the table hereunder. Resettlement Policy Framework Requirement Reference A brief description of the project and components for which land acquisition Section 1, 2, & 3 and resettlement are required, and an explanation of why a resettlement plan as described in paragraphs 2-21 or an abbreviated plan as described in paragraph 22 cannot be prepared by project appraisal. Principles and objectives governing resettlement preparation and Section 3 implementation. A description of the process for preparing and approving resettlement plans. Section 3 Estimated population displacement and likely categories of displaced Section 6 persons, to the extent feasible. Eligibility criteria for defining various categories of displaced persons. Section 7 A legal framework reviewing the fit between borrower laws and regulations Section 3 and Bank policy requirements and measures proposed to bridge any gaps between them. Methods of valuing affected assets. Section 6 Organisational procedures for delivery of entitlements, including for projects Section 10 involving private sector intermediaries, the responsibilities of the financial intermediary, the government, and the private developer. A description of the implementation process, linking resettlement Section 11 implementation to civil works. A description of grievance redress mechanisms. Section 10 A description of the arrangements for funding resettlement, including the Section 12 preparation and review of cost estimates, the flow of funds, and contingency arrangements. A description of mechanisms for consultations with, and participation of, Section 10 displaced persons in planning, implementation, and monitoring. Arrangements for monitoring by the implementing agency and, if required, by Section 10 independent monitors. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XXVI SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Physical and Socioeconomic Report Requirement Reference Description of the project area. Section 2.1 Standard characteristics of the affected families. Section 4 Living standards of displaced population. Section 4 Impact of the total or partial loss of property or the degree of physical or Section 6 economic displacement. Preparation of descriptions and inventories of the directly and indirectly affected population and infrastructure; Presentation of the social and Section 6 economic impact of the affected population. Compensations. Section 7 Total number of directly and indirectly affected families. Section 7 Presentation of the affected population by age range, dependents and Section 4 vulnerable groups. General Organisational procedures for fulfilling the obligations. Section 10 Description of the mechanisms for compensating the losses incurred. Section 10 Mechanisms for consulting with the affected persons. Section 9 Mechanisms for managing claims and conflicts. Section 10.4 Agreements and commitment agreements between the parties. Section 9.3 Monitoring agreements between the executing entity and the interested Section 11.1 parties or those to be conducted by independent monitors. Analysis of potential alternative resettlement areas. Section 9.3 Terms of Reference of the Resettlement Plan preparation process. Section 1.2 CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK XXVII SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Economic growth within Mozambique is resulting in an increased demand for electricity (increasing by an estimated 6-8% annually (Golder, 2018a)). In an effort to assist in addressing the increasing demand, Moz Power Invest, SA 6 (a company to be incorporated under the laws of Mozambique) and Sasol New Energy Holdings (Pty) Ltd are proposing the construction of the Central Termica de Temane (CTT)7, a new gas-driven electricity generation plant near the Sasol Central Processing Facility in the Inhassoro District of Mozambique. It is anticipated that the CTT Plant will produce approximately 400 MW of electricity. The joint development partners, Moz Power Invest SA and Sasol New Energy Holdings (Pty) Ltd are hereinafter referred to as the project proponent. Project activities commenced in 2014 when demining and bush clearing took place on the proposed CTT plant site as well as for a 7 m wide, 25 km long corridor (centre line for a 100 m wide corridor) for the proposed transmission line. The intention of the demining and bush clearing was to enable access for the project team to enable the required initial studies, including a social survey of potentially affected parties, to be undertaken. Details of the work undertaken in 2014 is provided in Annexure 1 (Resettlement Planning and Implementation Programme, Addendum 15 – Mozambique Gas to Power Plant). The proposed project is now in the investigative phase which requires, amongst others, a Geotechnical Study, and an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). As per World Bank Directive OP 4.03, PS 5/OP 4.12, a requirement of the World Bank’s appraisal on providing funds for projects of this nature, is a Resettlement Action Plan or Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). As the final technical configuration and design of the CTT project (including in some cases, the location of facilities) is not complete and, thus, the magnitude of resettlement is still to be accurately determined a RPF is the appropriate instrument to address the requirements for project appraisal of the World Bank and the first phase of the Mozambican Resettlement Process, viz. a Physical and Socio-economic Survey Report for approval by the Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development (MITADER) as per Ministerial Resolution No. 156/2014, which is commonly undertaken as part of a project’s ESIA. . Should the project proceed, once the final technical data and designs are available, the first step in continuing resettlement planning will be the formulation of a Final Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)8. 6 Moz Power Invest SA’s shareholding will be comprised of Electricidade de Moҫambique (EDM) and Temane Energy Consortium (Pty) Ltd (TEC). 7 Previously known as the Mozambique Gas to Power Plant (MGtP). 8 If deemed necessary, site/facility specific Resettlement Actions Plans/Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans/Livelihood Restoration Plans will be developed in the event that any ancillary facilities necessitate additional land acquisition for a site/facility. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 1 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 1.2 Aim and scope of the resettlement policy framework The Scope of Work (SOW) that guided the compilation of the RPF is provided hereunder. 1.2.1 Updated census and household survey The census and household survey was conducted to compile a record of all entities within the project zone of influence9 and all people who currently reside and utilise land within the zone of influence10. This was required to provide baseline data to inform planning and route alignments to avoid and/or minimise potential impacts. The survey was designed to enumerate the assets held by each household potentially affected by the project, including houses, other infrastructure, land, crops (annual and perennial) and other resources used to sustain livelihoods. The zone of influence was considered indicative of the occupation patterns and population characteristics in the project area. 1.2.2 Compilation of general information about other potential affected parties in the Project vicinity, which also includes the three beach landing alternatives, associated transportation routes and ancillary infrastructure. These areas were not covered by the survey as the preferred alternatives have not been identified. 1.2.3 Resettlement Policy Framework The RPF is intended to guide the project’s land acquisition (includes land use change and restrictions and economic displacement) and related resettlement/livelihood restoration requirement arising there from, and, therefore, covers all direct economic and social losses resulting from land acquisition and the restriction of access to land and natural resources (including fish and other marine resources) or restrictions to the use of land or access to fishing sites and commercial sites, and related economic displacement. The RPF follows World Bank OP 4.03/PS 5 and OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, and typical international safeguards, such as the IFC Performance Standard 5 for land acquisition and involuntary resettlement and the Equator Principles. Furthermore, the RPF was designed to meet the requirements of MITADER (Mozambique’s Regulations for the Resettlement Process Resulting from Economic Activities (approved by Decree 31/2012 of 08 August) amended by the RAP Implementation Guidelines approved by Decree 156/2014, as the Socioeconomic and Physical Survey Report). The RPF was designed to manage resettlement and economic displacement impacts arising from CTT infrastructure and encompasses resettlement and livelihood restoration principles and objectives, eligibility framework, entitlements, organisational arrangements, stakeholder’s engagement, grievance redress mechanism and processes for preparation of the final RAP and any site specific RAPs/ARAPs, implementation of resettlement and associated livelihood restoration. A review of the previous resettlement and compensation work for the project was undertaken to determine the nature and significance of any resettlement and assess the process that was followed. A copy of the report detailing previous resettlement and compensation activities associated with the project is provided in Annexure 1 and demonstrates that all activities are consistent with the objectives of this RPF and with OP4.03/PS5. The RAP will include the Project site to effectively provide an update on and address any remaining impacts. 9 The zone of influence is defined as the Partial Protection Zone (PPZ) for the CTT site, transmission line, gas pipeline and water pipeline. 10 The methods of data collection and data sources are further provided in Section 9 and Annexure 6. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 2 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 1.3 Methodology The RPF aims to quantify the potential magnitude of resettlement, both physical and economic, associated with the development of the CTT. To this end, the following work was undertaken:  A literature review of existing reports including the CTT Project Social Impact Assessment (SIA) (Golder 2018a), the CTT Tourism Impact Assessment (Golder, 2018b) and the Sasol Resettlement Planning and Implementation Programme, Addendum 15: Mozambique Gas to Power Plant (Interim Report).  A review of existing maps, aerial imagery and statistical data from the Instituto Nacional de Estatística.  A review of relevant legislation, regulations and international norms and frameworks governing resettlement to ensure a sound understanding and, importantly, alignment with the requirements of the Government of Mozambique (GOM) and other institutions.  A social survey of households residing on the proposed CTT site and within a 100 m corridor of the transmission line, gas pipeline and water pipeline routes. The survey enumerated the following key characteristics:  Demographics.  Socio-economics.  An inventory of all structures at each homestead.  Inventory of any graves and/or places of worship/spiritual significance.  Land and resources use, and livestock ownership.  Consultation with District and Local Government representatives as well as local community leaders (traditional leaders).  One on one consultation with each of the potentially affected parties. 1.4 Clearance and disclosure of the RPF This RPF has been compiled in order to comply with the relevant Mozambican and World Bank requirements. In terms of the Mozambican legislation, this RPF serves as the Physical and Socio-economic Report required during Phase 1 of the RAP preparation for submission to MITADER along with a Social and Environmental Impact Assessment Report. The final RPF will be disclosed locally in a form, manner and language understandable to the potentially affected parties as per World Bank requirements and made available to the public through the World Bank Website. Following the approval of the Final RAP by the Mozambican Authorities (District Government as per Article 9 of Decree No. 31/2012) and the World Bank, the RAP will be disclosed again in the same manner. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 3 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Project location The CTT site (the location of the proposed gas to power facility as illustrated in Figure 1) is approximately 500 m to the south of the existing Sasol Central Processing Facility (CPF), which is located within the Temane/Mangugumete area of the Inhassoro District within the Inhambane Province of Mozambique. The site is approximately 40 km north-west of the town of Vilanculos and 30 km south-west of the town of Inhassoro. An electrical transmission line will run approximately 25 km in a south to south-easterly direction from the CTT to the existing Vilanculos Sub-station, the majority of which falls within the Inhassoro District (with the most southern section of the transmission line within the Vilanculos District of Inhambane Province). In the event of water not being drawn from an onsite borehole, a water pipeline approximately 11 km long will run to the east of the CTT project (following an existing servitude), which falls entirely within the Inhassoro District. A new gas line of approximately 2 km will link the CTT site to the CPF. 2.2 Project components and operation 2.1.1 Key project components  Gas to power plant with a generation capacity of 400 MW. It is estimated that the footprint of the CTT will be 20 ha.  Surfaced access road to the CTT site, that consists of a 500m road from the CPF access road that follows an existing path and the related PPZ of the road (expected to be 30m).  Gas pipeline (approximately 2 km) that will feed the power plant with natural gas from the CPF. A partial protection zone (PPZ) of 100 m (50 m either side of the pipeline) has been assumed.  400 kV electrical transmission line (approximately 25 km) from the power plant to the Vilanculos Sub-station. The transmission line will have a PPZ 100 m wide (50 m either side of the centre line of the transmission line). The transmission line effective servitude will be 50 m wide and will fall inside the PPZ and will be inclusive of a fire break (vegetation control) and a gravel maintenance road.  Temporary beach landing structures at Inhassoro for the purposes of delivery of equipment and infrastructure to build the power plant expected to use only approximately 1 ha of land or less. This will include transhipment and barging activities to bring equipment to the beach landing site, temporary beach landing laydown area and logistics camp, as well as onward land transport to the project sites.  Construction camp (including housing/accommodation for construction workers) and contractor laydown areas adjacent to the CTT power plant site (to be included in the DUAT area of the CTT power plant site).  Temporary beach landing laydown area and logistics camp.  Temporary bridge structures across the Govuro River and tributaries as well as possible new roads and/or road upgrades to facilitate the transport of equipment to site.  Alternative designs contemplate a water supply pipeline to a borehole located either on site or at a borehole located east of the Govuro River (requiring a pipeline of approximately 11 km); however, this pipeline is not part of the preferred design and thus all impacts associated with the water pipeline are not likely to occur. The preferred alternative for water supply is from on-site boreholes. The water pipeline is included here for planning purposes. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 4 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS The final selection of the preferred power generation technology must still be made. The two power generation technology options that are being evaluated are steam turbines for Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGT) or an Open Cycle Gas Engines (OCGE). A provisional layout of infrastructure footprints, including the proposed linear alignments, is indicated in Figure 1. 2.2.2 Ancillary infrastructure The CTT project will include the following ancillary infrastructure that will fall within the existing DUAT area for the CTT project:  Maintenance facilities, administration and other buildings.  Telecommunications and security.  Waste (solid and effluent) treatment and/or handling facilities. Disposal will be offsite by third party in accordance with the ESMP. The project will also involve significant site preparation and civil works. The heavy equipment and pre-fabricated components of the power plant will be brought in by ship and transferred by barge and landed on the beach near Inhassoro. The equipment and components will be brought to site by special heavy vehicles capable of handling abnormally heavy and large dimension loads. 2.2.3 Temporary beach landing site and transport route alternatives As part of the construction of the CTT, large, heavy equipment and materials will need to be brought in by ship, which would remain anchored at sea off the coast of Inhassoro. Equipment and materials will be transferred to a flat bottom barge capable of moving on the high tide into very shallow water adjacent to the beach to off-load cargo onto a temporary off-loading jetty near the town of Inhassoro (typically the jetty will consist of containers filled with sand). As the tide changes, the barge rests on the beach and off-loading of the equipment occurs. Once off- loading has been completed, the barge is floated on the next available tide. Currently, the SETA11 beach landing site is the preferred option, together with a road route option along the R241 the EN1 and the existing CPF access road. Figure 2 indicates the beach landing sites and transport route options. The alternative beach landing sites of Maritima and Briza Mar are still being evaluated as potential options, as well as a southern transport route, which would require road upgrades and a temporary bridge across the Govuro River at the position of the existing pipe bridge. As part of the transport route, the Govuro River bridge may need to be upgraded to accommodate abnormal vehicle loads. Alternatively, a temporary bypass bridge could be constructed adjacent to the existing bridge. As the preferred options for the beach landing site and road transport route have not been confirmed, the potential economic resettlement/displacement impacts have not been quantified in this RPF. However, the manner in which the impacts of temporary economic resettlement/displacement as a result of equipment offloading sites that may affect the fishing and tourism industries within Inhassoro will be dealt with is detailed in Section 7 – Compensation and Entitlement Framework. 11 The SETA site is named after the Hotel Seta which is adjacent to the site. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 5 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Figure 1 CTT project location (Map compiled by Golder Associates) CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 6 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Figure 2 Beach landing sites and transport route options (Map compiled by Golder Associates) CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 7 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 2.2.4 Resettlement The required exclusion zones associated with the infrastructure required for the CTT project as well as the footprint of the CTT site (power station) may lead to resettlement being unavoidable. Importantly, this may include both physical and economic resettlement/displacement and may be temporary and/or permanent in nature. Permanent resettlement will occur in cases where homesteads, including associated infrastructure such as toilets, storerooms, cattle kraals, etc., fall within the required PPZs. Permanent resettlement will also be required in cases where access to agricultural land is permanently lost and/or where agricultural activities are limited to the degree that the affected party cannot continue to farm on the land. In cases where affected parties will be permitted to return to their agricultural land following the completion of construction and can continue with their activities unencumbered, resettlement will be temporary in nature. In these cases, a special licence for activities in a PPZ (Land Law, Article 9) will need to be obtained. The project proponent will undertake the process of obtaining such licences and will cover any expenses associated with obtaining the licences. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 8 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 3. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS The RPF for the CTT project has been developed according to Mozambican laws, decrees, policies and regulations relevant to resettlement activities and international normative frameworks. . 3.1 Mozambique Decree 31/2012 and Technical Directive 155/2014 Mozambique is one of the few countries in the region that has published a specific legal framework for Involuntary Resettlement and Compensation resulting from economic activities. The Government, with the support and technical assistance from international institutions, has developed the legal framework to welcome foreign investments and promote socio-economic development. The national Decree Number 31/2012 of 8 August 2012 stipulates the basic rules and principles of the resettlement process, with a view to promote citizens’ quality of life and the protection of the environment. The decree outlines the principles that drive a resettlement process (Article 4) (Table 1) (ACER, 2014). Table 1 Principles that drive the resettlement process Resettlement Principles Social Cohesion Social integration. Re-establish the standard of living. Social Equality Conditions equal or above their previous standard of living. Direct Benefit Possibility to benefit directly from the undertaking and its socio-economic benefits. Social Equity Access to available means of social services and resources. Non-Alteration of Possibility to re-establish their previous basic income level. the Income Level Public Participation Hearings of local communities and others interested in and/or affected by the activity. Environmental Obligation to repair or compensate the resulting damages. Accountability Social The investor must create social infrastructure which promotes learning, Responsibility leisure, sports, health, culture and other community projects. Although international organisations recommend the avoidance or minimisation of resettlement, the Mozambican legal framework does not refer to this practice directly. Rather, the local regulations on resettlement are intended to optimise the opportunity for the development of those who have to be resettled due to a new economic activity on the land they currently use (the focus is to maximise the social benefits to promote development). This is well phrased in Technical Directive 156/2014, Section 1: The challenge faced by governmental institutions and all participants in the resettlement process is to ensure that the resettlement process is socially constructive, and that it takes advantage of the opportunities that the projects offer, to develop new structured and standardised housing centres. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 9 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS The following are important provisions of Decree 31/2012: Technical Committee The decree creates a Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee, which is a multi-sectoral technical advisory body appointed by Government to oversee and inspect the implementation of a resettlement action plan. The functions of the Technical Committee are to propose, supervise and monitor resettlement methodologies, issue technical opinions, prepare reports and propose complimentary rules. An ad hoc committee is also appointed to involve local and specific stakeholders. A Support Bodies Committee is intended to mobilise and raise awareness among the population and to inform the authorities about any irregularities. In 2014, Ministerial Resolution No. 155/2014 was released to regulate in more detail these two committees. The Ministerial Resolution further regulates the composition, functions and scope of work of the committees12. The manner in which the Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee will function and how it relates to the Resettlement Steering Committee is discussed in Sections 10.2 and 10.3. Rights and responsibilities The decree establishes the rights of the Affected Population as follows (Article 10):  To have their income level re-established, equal to or above the previous level.  To have their standard of living re-established, equal to or above the previous level.  To be transported with their goods to their new place of residence.  To live in a physical space with infrastructures and social facilities.  To have space to perform their subsistence activities.  To give their opinion on the entire resettlement process. The rights are reinforced in Technical Directive 156/2014, with special attention to the right to information, viz. the studies undertaken and the RAP development process. The responsibilities of the proponent include the design and implementation of a RAP: costs, risks, inspections, changes to the scope and to repair any additional loss resulting from resettlement. Housing and infrastructure The decree outlines the minimum requirements for layouts of houses and resettlement towns. An extensive consultation process is linked to the design of houses and other infrastructure, as these are required to reinforce social and cultural practices (ACER, 2014). 3.2 Technical Directive 156/2014 The Technical Directive for the Elaboration and Implementation of Resettlement Plans (156/2014) provides guidelines for the steps to be taken and the products to be presented during the various phases of preparing a Resettlement Action Plan. It provides a detailed index of the RAP, developed and implemented in phases, which shall be presented to the authorities for approval:  Physical and Socio-Economic Report. This involves the preparation of inventories and descriptions of the physical environmental situation, the socio-economic situation and 12 Concerning the CTT project, the Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee has not yet been established as the project is still in Phase 1 (Physical and Socio-economic Report), which coincides with the preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report for submission to MITADER. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 10 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS possible host areas, as well as the steps to be taken in the preparation of the RAP. This initial phase identifies the potential impacts of the project and of the entire resettlement process and recommends ways to minimise or mitigate them.  Resettlement Plan. This is the overall instrument that provides details of the social compensation, economic and land occupation mechanisms, including details regarding land use, general building conditions, layout of traffic routes, characteristics of the infrastructure networks, social infrastructure and services, as well as social programs. The plan may be prepared and implemented in phases for linear infrastructure projects, the construction of dams and other projects implemented in phases.  Resettlement Implementation Action Plan. This is a document that accompanies the Resettlement Plan and provides the institutional matrix with the responsibilities of the various participants in the process, the timeline for implementing the activities and the budget for the entire resettlement implementation process (ACER, 2014). In terms of the timing of the phases of the development of the Resettlement Action Plan, Phase 1, Physical and Socio-economic Report, coincides with the preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report for submission to MITADER (the current phase of the CTT project). In terms of Technical Directive 156/2014, the Physical and Socio-economic Report must as a minimum contain the following:  Inventory of the population and possible infrastructure that may be directly and indirectly impacted.  Social and economic impacts that the project may cause.  Combination of consultation systems and public participation.  Claims mechanism.  Basic principles, screening, rights of those affected, eligibility criteria for resettlement and compensation.  Mitigation and compensation measures for losses sustained.  Alternative sites for resettlement of those affected.  Institutional arrangements.  Definition of the Resettlement Plan preparation process.  Report on the public consultation meetings, including minutes. 3.3 International safeguards There are a number of international safeguards that apply to a project of this nature. The World Bank Group (for example, the International Finance Corporation) provides the accepted international safeguards for sustainable development. It is these safeguards on which the majority of public sector funding institutions base their environmental and social sustainability requirements. The Equator Principles have been developed by private sector banks to achieve the same or similar objectives. 3.3.1 WB OP 4.03, PS 5/IFC Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement OP4.03 (PS5)/IFC Performance Standard 5 on resettlement recognises that land acquisition and/or restrictions on land use as a result of a project are likely to have adverse impacts on communities and individuals who make use of the land. Involuntary resettlement includes both physical and economic displacement (loss of assets or access to assets, and loss of income sources or livelihood means). Article 3 of Performance Standard 5 provides the following objectives: CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 11 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS  To avoid, and when avoidance is not possible, minimise displacement by exploring alternative project designs.  To avoid forced eviction.  To anticipate and avoid, or where avoidance is not possible, minimise adverse social and economic impacts from land acquisition or restrictions on land use by (i) providing compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost (ii) ensuring that resettlement activities are implemented with appropriate disclosure of information, consultation, and the informed participation of those affected.  To improve, or restore, the livelihoods and standards of living of displaced persons.  To improve living conditions among physically displaced persons through the provision of adequate housing with security of tenure at resettlement sites. The requirements of the RPF are detailed in OP 4.12 Annex A – Involuntary Resettlement Instruments and are detailed below:  A brief description of the project and components for which land acquisition and resettlement are required, and an explanation of why a resettlement plan as described in paragraphs 2-21 or an abbreviated plan as described in paragraph 22 cannot be prepared by project appraisal.  Principles and objectives governing resettlement preparation and implementation.  A description of the process for preparing and approving resettlement plans.  Estimated population displacement and likely categories of displaced persons, to the extent feasible.  Eligibility criteria for defining various categories of displaced persons.  A legal framework reviewing the fit between borrower laws and regulations and Bank policy requirements and measures proposed to bridge any gaps between them.  Methods of valuing affected assets.  Organisational procedures for delivery of entitlements, including for projects involving private sector intermediaries, the responsibilities of the financial intermediary, the government, and the private developer.  A description of the implementation process, linking resettlement implementation to civil works.  A description of grievance redress mechanisms.  A description of the arrangements for funding resettlement, including the preparation and review of cost estimates, the flow of funds, and contingency arrangements.  A description of mechanisms for consultations with, and participation of, displaced persons in planning, implementation, and monitoring.  Arrangements for monitoring by the implementing agency and, if required, by independent monitors. 3.4 Mozambican legislation compared to WB OP4.03/PS 5 Mozambique has improved its legislation related to involuntary resettlement during recent years as the development of the extractive sector has required the reallocation of land for economic development. The legislation was outlined taking into consideration the technical advice of the World Bank and other institutions on development; therefore, there are similarities between international safeguards and local legislation. Although efforts were made to introduce specific legislation on resettlement plans to promote the rights of the affected population and optimise benefits, these were insufficient to solve critical issues of socio-economic development that the implementation of a resettlement plan may cause. Importantly, the State does not have sufficient political and social resources or the CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 12 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS infrastructure to cope with the demands of resettlement plans complying with international standards. Decree 31/2012 was an attempt to regulate the RAP process, and later, Technical Directive 156/2014 provided additional regulations to make the process clear for authorities, affected populations and the private sector. An analysis has been undertaken to compare local laws and regulations with World Bank Group requirements to identify gaps to describe how these will be filled (Table 2). 3.4 Land tenure system Articles 109 and 110 of the Mozambican Constitution establish:  Land ownership is vested in the State.  All Mozambicans have the right to use and enjoy the land as a means of creating wealth and social wellbeing.  Land may not be sold, mortgaged or otherwise alienated.  The right to use and enjoy land is conferred by the State, and conditions for such use are determined by the state (ACIS, 2007). Access to land for economic as well as residential purposes is governed by the Land Law ( Lei de Terras – Law No. 19/97 of 01 October), its regulation (Regulamento da Lei Terras – Decree No. 66/98 of 08 December) and the Technical Annex to the regulations (ACIS, 2007). The 1997 Land Law recognises a use right to land known as a DUAT ( Direito de Uso e Aproveitamento dos Terras) which can be obtained in one of three ways (Hilhorst and Porchet, undated):  Customary norms and practices. Occupation by individuals and local communities 13 based on customary norms and practices. This allows for individuals as well as local communities to obtain a DUAT by occupation based on local traditions, for example, the inheritance of land from ancestors (ACIS, 2007).  Good faith occupation. A DUAT can be obtained by individuals who have, in good faith, been using land for a minimum of 10 years. This is only applicable to national citizens (ACIS, 2007).  Authorisation of an application presented to the State. The Mozambique State grants DUATs for renewable periods of 50 years. Grant applicants are required to prepare an exploitation plan. The plan is reviewed by the State and, if accepted, a provisions grant is issued for either two years for foreign persons or entities or five years for Mozambican nationals (Hilhorst and Porchet, undated). During the provisional grant period, the exploitation plan should be met, and, if it is met, the definitive DUAT is granted (ACIS, 2007). 13 Community is defined in the land law as ‘A grouping of families and individuals living in a territorial area equal or inferior to a locality, with the aim of safeguarding common interests through the protection of residential and agricultural areas (be they in use or fallow), forests, places of cultural importance, grazing lands, water resources and expansion areas’. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 13 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Table 2 Comparison between Mozambican legislation and World Bank Group standards Decree 31/2012 CTT Project – Measures taken to address Topic World Bank OP 4.03/ PS 5 Technical Directive 156/2016 gaps Need for a Resettlement A RAP has been identified as the core document. A RAP is the core document prior to The requirements of a RPF as per World Bank Action Plan The regulations stipulate the minimum implementation. The required information and OP 4.03 PS/5 are to be met before appraisal and requirements. process are specified. a RAP before implementation. Need for a Social An SIA is conducted during the SEIA process An SIA is necessary to identify impacts on An SIA has been conducted for the CTT project. Impact Assessment prior to the RAP to identify impacts and potentially affected populations. mitigations. Consultation Constant consultation with Technical and At least two formal consultation for RPF and RAP; Preliminary consultation was undertaken during Support Committees. Four public consultations participation of PAPs in resettlement planning the social survey. Further consultation was prior to RAP approval. and implementation to include their desires and undertaken in January 2019 in conjunction with opinions in the RAP the ESIA in line with Mozambican legislation. This included the public review of the Draft RPF and the presentation of the RPF during public meetings. Provisions for RAP consultation are included in this RPF. Institutional Framework A Technical Committee has been appointed at The parties responsible and implementation The Project Technical Resettlement Monitoring National Level to supervise RAPs. A Technical arrangements for the actions required to finalise and Supervision Committee will be established Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision and implement the RAPs; Government and civil once the Second Phase of the RAP preparation Committee will be appointed to the CTT at the society institutions should be involved in all process commences; CTT will deploy a appropriate time. phases of resettlement. resettlement team responsible to its management for RAP implementation. Engagement of local partners will be included. General Objectives of a Optimise social and economic development Avoid, and if not possible, minimise negative World Bank OP 4.03/PS 5 will be followed, viz. RAP opportunities associated with the resettlement impacts associated with resettlement. avoiding resettlement as far as practically process. possible. However, efforts will be made to optimise development opportunities. A livelihood restoration plan has been outlined and will be developed further in the final RAP. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 14 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Decree 31/2012 CTT Project – Measures taken to address Topic World Bank OP 4.03/ PS 5 Technical Directive 156/2016 gaps Compensation Minimum infrastructure requirements: Provide compensation for loss of assets at full Minimum requirements of Mozambican Standards / Calculation Loss of family house: 3-bedroom house, replacement cost and restore or improve legislation will be met and livelihoods will be of Asset Compensation constructed of conventional material, no matter livelihoods and standards of living. restored as a minimum to current levels, with the the construction material used on the previous intention to improve the situation. house, access to electricity and water, access to roads, schools, etc. Full replacement cost for non-housing structures In kind replacement for all land Crops and fruit trees: Families will be allowed to cultivate until it is time to move and compensated at market value for any standing crops that cannot be collected. For the fruit trees calculation, replacement at market value including foregone benefits. It will also include compensation in kind with fruit tree seedlings for replacement. Cut-off Date for No reference to cut-off dates evident in the Establish a cut-off date for eligibility so that new A cut-off date for eligibility based in the final Eligibility Mozambican legislation. occupants of the project site will not be eligible, census will be agreed upon with the Technical which must be well documented and Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision disseminated throughout the project area. Committee and a moratorium issued preventing further development or settlement within the project area. This will be communicated continuously and explained through traditional leaders and during public consultations. Eligibility Criteria People living in the area, who lost any of their Individuals and communities that have Any party that will lose assets or access to assets goods such as Infrastructure, house and people experienced involuntary resettlement (physical (permanent or temporary) such as infrastructure, who suffered permanent or temporary and economic) as a result of project-related land agricultural land or natural resources or is shown interruption of their productive activities acquisition and/or restrictions on land use. to have had their livelihood negatively impacted in anyway by the CTT project will be eligible for compensation. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 15 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Decree 31/2012 CTT Project – Measures taken to address Topic World Bank OP 4.03/ PS 5 Technical Directive 156/2016 gaps Disclosure of Public consultations are to be held throughout the Resettlement activities are implemented with The disclosure or consultation required in terms Information process, publicised through the main existing appropriate disclosure of information, of the Mozambican legislation limits consultation means of social communication and locations consultation, and the informed participation of during and after consultation and resettlement. In where notices are traditionally posted. those affected. order to comply with the requirements of the World Bank, consultation with the affected parties  The first public consultation must be Disclosure of relevant information and and communities will continue through the entire conducted at the start of the resettlement participation of Affected Communities and resettlement process and during the monitoring process to inform the interested persons of persons will continue during the planning, and evaluation process. the objectives, relevance and impacts of the implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of process. compensation payments, livelihood restoration  A second meeting for presentation and activities, and resettlement. discussion of the alternative resettlement areas.  A third meeting must take place after the document is prepared – resettlement plan with budget and timeline.  The fourth meeting must take place upon completion of the document and prior to its approval. Social Values No social cost of expropriation included Includes the intangible cost of expropriation Disturbance fee paid, and livelihood restoration compensation includes transition support Livelihood restoration Limited provisions Requires full restoration LRP aims at full restoration plus and its effectiveness will be monitored against baseline Sustainability of No explicit requirements Requires institutional arrangement for RAP Commitments of utilities and service providers institutional services implementation Vulnerability Required particular attention to vulnerable PAPs RAP will include provisions and budget to address case by case, and Vulnerability will be considered during consultation Grievance Redress A mechanism for filing claims and managing The client will establish a GRM consistent with A GRM is to be established that will allow for the Mechanism (GRM) conflicts concerning the resettlement process is Performance Standard 1 as early as possible in raising of any concerns pertaining to the always necessary. The Technical Commission the project development phase. resettlement and compensation process. The CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 16 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Decree 31/2012 CTT Project – Measures taken to address Topic World Bank OP 4.03/ PS 5 Technical Directive 156/2016 gaps will handle claims from affected persons when no GRM will function from when the development of local solutions are possible between the This will allow the client to receive and address the Final RAP commences, will have clearly proponent and the affected persons. The specific concerns about compensation and stipulated timeframes for the resolution of mechanism must establish a clear and well- relocation raised by displaced persons or complaints and will allow for both mediation and defined time limit for the sustainable resolution of members of host communities in a timely fashion, the claim (for example, a maximum of three including a recourse mechanism designed to legal resolution of complaints. Compensation will weeks) and shall specify that the legal system resolve disputes in an impartial manner. be placed in escrow pending final resolution of may be used as final recourse for resolving the any compensation related claim. claim. In the event of any discrepancies existing between the World Bank Standards and the relevant Mozambican legislation governing Resettlement, the more stringent regulations of the two will be applied to the CTT Project. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 17 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS In terms of the CTT project, the obtaining of land rights through customary norms and practices, and good faith occupation are of particular relevance. Due to the growing demand for land, both communities and individuals are being encouraged to formally register the land over which they have a DUAT. However, both the Constitution and Land Law note that a DUAT is not limited to those holding registration papers for land and that Mozambican nationals and local communities hold a DUAT to land through rights under customary norms and practices or through good faith occupation of the same area for more than ten years. As such, land rights based on either good faith occupation or customary norms and practices are not jeopardised by the absence of registration or being formally documented, and, in cases of conflict over land ownership, oral testimony bears the same weight as documented proof (ACIS, 2007). In addition, while DUATs issued through authorisation of an application have a fixed duration of 50 years, those based on customary norms or good faith have no time limit (ACIS, 2007). The use of customary norms and practices is more commonly used as a means of recognising existing DUATs, with good faith occupation rarely used as a means of justification (ACIS, 2007). In the context of the CTT project, the land tenure laws suggest that it is likely that any land affected (agricultural or residential) by project infrastructure is likely to have a DUAT through customary norms and practices, albeit that the DUAT will not be registered. This scenario implies that all people who lose access to land and/or access to natural resources, inclusive of areas which may currently be fallow, are entitled to compensation for their losses and replacement land if land has been lost. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 18 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 4 THE PROJECT AREA: SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE This section provides an overview of the demographic and socio-economic profile of the Inhassoro District and the Inhambane Province. These figures place in context the project receiving social environment. Data from surveys undertaken in 2011 and 2013 have been obtained from the Instituto Nacional de Estatística. In addition, findings from community surveys undertaken within the Zone of Influence by the SIA team in 2014 and updated in 2018 have been incorporated where appropriate. All references to quantities and percentages of PAPs refer to the Zone of Influence only. This population is considered indicative of the socio- economic patterns and characteristics of the project area. 4.1 Demographics 4.1.1 Population At the time of the most recent population survey in Mozambique, the population of the Inhassoro District was reported to be 55,740 people, giving the district a population density of approximately 11.7 people/km². This indicates that the district is significantly less densely populated than both the Inhambane Province (20.7 people/km²) and the country (31.3 people/km²) (Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2013). Settlement patterns in Inhassoro, as is the case throughout much of Mozambique, have been influenced by long periods of war during which time people were concentrated within urban centres or nucleated settlements. Since the end of the war people have begun returning to rural areas with settlement often occurring in linear patterns adjacent to transport routes. From the household survey which was conducted within the Zone of Influence)for purposes of developing the RPF, it was established that there are 53 households in the Zone of Influence with a total population of 262 people. 57% of the population within the Zone of Influence are female with a high proportion of the total population (41%) being under the age of 15. The age structure of the population is illustrated in Figure 3. The pyramid shape is indicative of an area which would be classified as developing (high proportion of the population under the age of 15), characterised by high fertility and mortality rates. In addition, the pyramid shape indicates the higher proportion of females (54%) between the ages of 20 and 54 while only 28% of the male population fall within this age category. This is likely due to males moving away from home in search of employment opportunities. Age Distribution Pyramid of the Population in the Project Area 60-64 Age Breakdown 50-54 40-44 30-34 20-24 10-14 0-4 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 % of the Population Figure 3 Age distribution pyramid of the population in the Zone of Influence CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 19 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 4.1.2 Education Access to education within the broader project area (as defined by the SIA)14 is reported to be poor with less than half of all respondents reported having completed primary school, less than 10% having completed secondary school and more than a third reporting no formal education (Golder, 2018a). The literacy levels provided by the Instituto Nacional de Estatística for the Inhassoro District support these findings, with 47.5% of the population over the age of 15 reported to be illiterate, which is also higher than the provincial average of 39% (Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2011). These findings correspond with those from the socio-economic survey undertaken in the Zone of Influence where it was found that 43% of the population reported no formal education, and 17% of the population have completed primary and 3% have completed secondary school. No one in the Zone of Influence reported any level of tertiary education. Access to education amongst females was worse than that of males, with 45% of females reporting no access to formal education in comparison to 40% of males, only 13% of females reported completing primary education in comparison to 19% of males, and 4% of females reported having completed secondary education in comparison to 5% of males. 4.2 Land holdings As detailed in Section 3.3, the 1997 Land Law recognises a use right to land known as a DUAT, which can be obtained either through customary norms and practices, good faith occupation or through the authorisation of an application presented to the State. In the case of obtaining a DUAT through customary norms and practices or good faith occupation, no registration papers are required. In terms of the Zone of Influence, it is believed that the vast majority of households located along the water pipeline route have a formal DUAT on the land which they reside and farm while those people residing on the transmission line route do not have a formally registered DUAT. This is supported by data from the Cadastral Office which shows that, in the vicinity of the EN1, a large number of households are reported to have a registered DUAT (Figure 4). In addition, there are a number of DUATs registered within the Zone of Influence (some by Sasol) (also illustrated in Figure 4). Copies of the DUAT information provided by the GOM are included in Annexure 2. 4.3 Occupational patterns and livelihoods 4.3.1 Occupational status Data from the social survey undertaken with potentially affected household’s show that only 4% of the population within the Zone of Influence reported being employed. 51% of the population reported being unemployed, 23% scholars, 53% were reported to be non-school-going children (either too young or not attending school) and 3% retired. Those reported to be employed were employed in a variety of activities including security, construction and commercial agriculture, while a limited number of people reported having small shops and/or working as informal vendors15. 14 The SIA identifies 12 villages/communities that may be affected by the CTT project, namely: Temane, Mangungumete, Manusse, Chitsotso, Mabime, Mapanzene, Chipongo, Maimelane, Mangarelane, Litlau, Munavalate and Pambara. 15 No small shops or informal vendors were identified as being affected by the CTT site, access road to the site, water pipeline, and transmission line or gas pipeline. Based on observation and local knowledge, there is a possibility that limited small shops or informal vendors may temporarily be affected by the transportation route to and from the beach landing site. The manner in which these affected parties will be compensated for losses is dealt with in Section 7. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 20 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Figure 4 Registered DUATs and recorded households and machambas within the Zone of Influence CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 21 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 4.3.2 Land use and –livelihood strategies During the survey of potentially affected persons in the Zone of Influence, the majority of households reported making use of a machamba (subsistence agricultural plot). This is supported by 87% of respondents reporting that they (themselves) and other members of their households are subsistence farmers and 97% of all households reported having access to a machamba. The exception is in the vicinity of the southern end of the transmission line where commercial agriculture is currently taking place, with parcels of land being irrigated using centre pivots (Plates 1 and 2). In addition, 87% of households reported making use of fruit trees located around their homesteads and 33% of households reported keeping livestock. These findings align with those from the SIA where it was found that subsistence agriculture was one of the major livelihood strategies in the broader area (Golder, 2018a). Other means of generating income identified in the SIA included fishing (particularly in coastal areas, albeit there is limited fishing in fresh water lakes and rivers), livestock, the production and sale of charcoal and production of palm wine (Golder, 2018a). Plates 3 and 4 show examples of machambas within the Zone of Influence. Plate 1 Land currently under commercial Plate 2 Centre pivots being used in land agriculture under commercial agriculture Plate 3 Machamba with cassava being Plate 4 A machamba cleared in preparation grown for planting CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 22 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 4.3.3 Income sources and levels The majority (63%) of households within the Zone of Influence reported having no annual cash income (Table 3). Those households that did report having a cash income, generated it from various sources, including the sale of charcoal or wood (three households), four households reported operating a small shop, three from services as security guards (all of whom work at Sasol well pads), one commercial farmer, one farm labourer, one construction worker, and four informal vendors selling various products including local beer and eggs. The remaining five households reported making an income through the sale of produce grown on their subsistence plots. A higher proportion of households in the transmission line corridor reported having an annual income (55%) while only 48% of households along the water pipeline reported income. Table 3 Levels of annual income Annual income level Number of households None 38 MZM 0.00 - MZM 1,000.00 1 MZM 1,000.00 - MZM 2,000.00 3 MZM 2,000.00 - MZM 4,000.00 3 MZM 4,000.00 - MZM 8,000.00 1 MZM 8,000.00- MZM 16,000.00 2 MZM 16,000.00 - MZM 32,000.00 3 MZM 32,000.00 - MZM 64,000.00 3 MZM 64,000.00 - MZM 128,000.00 4 MZM 128,000.00 - MZM 256,000.00 1 Above MZM 256,000.00 1 4.4 Access to services 4.4.1 Access to piped water The majority (62.7%) of households within the Inhassoro District report getting water from a formalised communal well with the other major source being a communal well with no pump function (Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2013). Less than 0.5% of households reported having access to piped water within their houses or yards. These figures correspond with the survey undertaken of potentially affected households in the Zone of Influence where the majority (91%) of the households reported getting water from a communal well. 4.4.2 Access to sanitation The majority of households within the Inhassoro District (55.3%) reported having no access to formal sanitation with 34.9% reporting to make use of a ‘Traditional, non-improved’ pit latrine (Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2013). In comparison, the findings from the survey undertaken with potentially affected households in the Zone of Influence suggest that the population has slightly better access to sanitation, with 22% reporting no access to formal sanitation and making use of the surrounding bush as their latrine, while 75% reported making use of a pit latrine. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 23 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 4.4.3 Source of energy The majority of households within the Inhassoro District (50.8%) reported making use of paraffin as their primary source of energy for lighting. Other major sources of energy include firewood (28%) and candles (16.1%). Only 1.5% of households reported making use of electricity (Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2013). 4.5 Household structures Household structures recorded during the survey with potentially affected parties in the Zone of Influence included main houses/bedrooms, storerooms, kitchen structures and toilet/bathroom structures. The most commonly used materials for the construction of these structures can be classified as ‘traditional’ with most walls made from ‘wattle and daub’ or reeds , with limited structures made from corrugated iron and concrete blocks. 45% of structures with roofs reported to use corrugated iron while 49% reported to use thatch. A breakdown of potentially affected structures is provided in Section 6.3 of this report. Examples of the different structures recorded are shown in Plates 5 – 10. 4.6 Access to healthcare The Inhassoro District does not have a district hospital located within its borders, with the closest district hospital located in Vilanculos (Golder, 2018a). The most common reported reasons for health consultations are malaria, diarrhoea, HIV/AIDS, anaemia, tuberculosis and acute respiratory tract infection, including pneumonia (Golder, 2018a). On average, people within the Zone of Influence reported having to travel 5.3 km in order to access healthcare facilities. There is, however, a significant difference between those people residing on the transmission line route who reported travelling 15 km on average, and those on the water pipeline route that reported travelling 3 km on average. The need for better healthcare facilities was a concern raised during public consultation undertaken as part of the SIA (Golder, 2018a). 4.7 Ethnicity and Religion Three ethnolinguistic groups are prevalent within the Inhassoro District, viz. the Matsuda, the Ndau and Elomwe, with Xitswa the predominant local language (Golder, 2018a). There are approximately 50 churches within the district, with the majority (approximately 22%) Roman Catholic followed by Evangelical Protestants and Old Apostles (18% each) (Golder, 2018a). CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 24 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Plate 5 Example of a ‘main house’ made from Plate 6 House made of ‘wattle and daub’ with a wooden poles thatch roof Plate 7 House made from corrugated iron Plate 8 Toilet structure Plate 9 Example of a grain store Plate 10 Example of a kitchen structure CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 25 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS (AS RELATED TO RESETTLEMENT) Resettlement is the process whereby people or their economic activities are relocated away or excluded from the project area subject to a compensation and assistance package. Involuntary resettlement is often a lengthy and costly process which can potentially have a number of social impacts on the affected communities caused by alterations to existing livelihood strategies and conflict between resettled and host communities. In this RPF, potential impacts described and discussed in this RPF are those associated with resettlement and economic displacement and not other impacts (and their mitigation) of the proposed project. For example, traffic impacts related to heavy vehicles transporting equipment to site), are addressed in the SIA report prepared by Golder (2018a). The proposed CTT project will potentially require the physical resettlement of 53 households and the economic resettlement/displacement of an additional seven households. The homesteads potentially requiring physical resettlement are those within the PPZ (100 m corridor of the transmission line or water pipeline). Those requiring economic resettlement/displacement are those with agricultural land within the PPZ 100 m corridor, fishermen and tourism operators (including accommodation establishments) operating in the vicinity of the beach landing sites. In addition, small shops or informal vendors operating adjacent to the final transportation route may also have business activities interrupted as a result of project activities. The potentially affected fishermen, tourism operators, small shop owners and informal vendors are still to be enumerated following the selection of the preferred beach landing site and transportation route. If managed and executed correctly, resettlement should not impact on the livelihoods of the resettled parties. However, if not managed correctly, resettlement will have significant social impacts, most notably the inability of affected households to maintain their livelihoods. 5.1 Loss of access to agricultural land During construction, it is likely that access to portions of land currently used for subsistence and commercial agricultural purposes may be lost. The impact that the various infrastructure components may have on access to agricultural land during construction are identified below:  CTT plant. Permanent loss of access will occur to any agricultural activities taking place within the footprint of the CTT plant. During the survey undertaken in the Zone of Influence, no agricultural activities were identified on the plant site, however, a previous survey in the area in 2014 identified two machambas within the footprint of the site. Based on experience, once bush clearing of the CTT site commences, it is likely that community members will come forward claiming rights to the affected land. Based on Mozambican Land Law (Section 3.3) these claims will be considered valid even if the land is not currently under cultivation.  Transmission line and water pipeline. A number of machambas were recorded within the 100 m corridor of the transmission line and water pipeline. During the construction of the transmission line and water pipeline, it is likely that access to these machambas will be restricted. Furthermore, in the event of no agricultural activities being permitted within the 100 m corridor of the transmission line and water pipeline or in the event of access roads being constructed within these corridors, land or portions thereof may be lost on a permanent basis. In such cases, alternative land will need to be sourced, prepared and made available to the affected households. Considering the relatively sparse nature of settlement in the area, it is likely that alternative land within the proximity of the households will be available. In CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 26 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS the event of land only being lost temporarily, the affected parties will be compensated for their losses (loss of crop production for the number of seasons that affected persons cannot access their land), however, they will be permitted to resume agricultural activities once construction has been completed, albeit that certain crops and trees may not be permitted in these areas. In the event of an individual being unable to continue with their existing livelihood activity, alternative land will be sourced as detailed in Section 7 – Compensation and Entitlement Framework.  Southern transport route from the beach landing site to the plant site. This is an alternative transport route and not currently expected to be utilised in the development of the project. However, in the event of the ‘southern transport route’ being chosen as the preferred option for the transport of equipment from the beach landing site to the project site, it is likely that there may be damages to machambas in areas where the access road will be widened. Such losses will be considered permanent as the widened road is likely to remain in situ following the completion of construction. Alternative land of the same size of that lost will need to be provided to the affected parties, with compensation provided for lost crops. In the event of the southern transport route being selected as the preferred option, the potentially affected parties will be enumerated and provided with compensation as detailed in Section 7 – Compensation Framework and Entitlement Framework. Considering the reliance of households within the project area on subsistence agriculture for household nutrition, any loss of agricultural land has the potential to have a significant impact on livelihoods. As such, measures will be taken to ensure that agricultural land of the same or better standard is provided to the affected party prior to any losses being incurred and in readiness for the next planting season. 5.2 Loss of access to natural resources During construction, it is likely that there will be restricted access to certain areas, that may result in some households losing access to areas where they previously collected natural resources, particularly wood (used for building and as an energy sources) and grass (used in building). However, it needs to be appreciated that households do not collect these resources from a single, stipulated area, but rather from communal areas. This, coupled with the sparsely settled nature of the project area and the abundant availability of natural resources, it is not anticipated that this will be a significant impact as households will be able to harvest resources elsewhere. 5.3 Economic displacement/loss of revenue During construction, the proposed beach landing site, associated infrastructure and the presence of construction machinery may have a negative impact on the fishing and tourism sectors. Access to specific areas for fishermen might be temporarily restricted while the construction of the temporary pier and the increased activity in the area may have an impact on catch volumes. These may impact income levels and the livelihoods of the affected parties. These were issues that were raised by members of the Inhassoro Fishing Association during initial consultation regarding the project (Section 9.2.2). CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 27 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS The presence of the temporary pier and large construction machinery (barge, large trucks to transport infrastructure, cranes, etc.) may have a negative impact on the tourism industry in the area. Through discussions with the potentially affected lodges, viz. those immediately adjacent to the proposed sites, it was noted that the presence of such infrastructure and machinery is likely to result in the lodges being less attractive for tourists, resulting in lost income. Concerns were also raised regarding the impact that the presence of such infrastructure and machinery may have on fishing charters operated by the lodges. However, it was noted that the presence of construction workers often drives up the demand for accommodation in the area and, thus, while there may be a drop in tourism activities, the occupancy rate of the lodges may not be negatively affected. Small shops or informal vendors operating adjacent to the final transportation route may also have business activities temporarily interrupted as a result of project activities. However, these impacts can be determined only once the preferred route is confirmed. It should be noted that disruptions to these parties’ activities are believed to be temporary in nature as once the required upgrades to the transportation routes are complete, they will be able to continue with their activities16. In the event of economic displacement or a loss of income being incurred as a direct result of the CTT project, compensation will be provided as detailed in Section 7 – Compensation Framework and Entitlement Framework. Importantly, while some households reported receiving an income through operating as informal vendors/owning small shops, none of these are to be affected by the proposed project. 5.4 Loss of housing and associated infrastructure In compiling this RPF it has been assumed that all homesteads and associated infrastructure within the 100 m corridor of the transmission line, water pipeline and new gas pipeline, and 100 m from the CTT plant will need to be removed with the affected families resettled. Such infrastructure will generally be inclusive of houses/bedrooms, outside kitchens, outside bathrooms/toilets, granaries and cattle kraals/chicken runs/etc. (details of the potential losses are provided in the asset inventory in Section 6.3). While the resettlement process will ensure that resettled parties are provided with a new house of the appropriate standard and size and will receive compensation for other structures (granaries, cattle kraals, etc.), it needs to be considered that the majority of the affected households would have developed their existing household over time and are likely to have some form of emotional connection to the household and their location. It is important that the potential subjective socio-economic impacts17, such as the emotional stress associated with resettlement, are considered as they can have far reaching impacts that can result in significant opposition to and mobilisation against projects (Du Preez & Perold, 2005). As such, the resettlement process is designed and implemented in such a way so as to be as stress free as possible for the affected party. 16 While some households on the water pipeline and transmission line reported receiving an income through operating as informal vendors/owning small shops, none of these are to be affected by the proposed project. 17 Subjective social impacts. These are mentally or emotionally related impacts of people, such as negative public attitudes, psychological stress or reduced quality of life and are less easy to quantify than objective social impacts. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 28 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 5.5 Social differentiation and inequality At present, the socio-economic status of the population in the project area is largely homogeneous in nature, with the majority of households having no annual income, reliant on subsistence farming activities for household nutrition (possibly a limited income as well) and residing in traditional dwellings. As a result of resettlement, it is likely that some of the resettled parties will have formal houses constructed as per the Mozambican Resettlement requirements (if not requested otherwise by affected parties). The presence of larger, more formal houses in an area characterised by houses made of traditional materials may lead to a perceived social differentiation and inequality. The influx of contractors during construction will also increase the level of inequality, albeit that there are already a number of contractors residing and working in the area. Such social differentiation and inequality may lead to unease within the community and general opposition to the project. 5.6 Exhumation and reburial of graves A total of 11 grave sites, six in the vicinity of the transmission line route and five in the vicinity of the water pipeline route, were recorded. Importantly, some sites are family cemeteries and, therefore, contain more than a single grave. During construction, some of these graves may need to be exhumed and reburied. Importantly, even if a grave will not be directly impacted but is in proximity to project infrastructure, the next-of-kin should be consulted to ensure that there is no unnecessary disturbance and that any traditional ceremonial requirements are undertaken. As with resettlement, the exhumation and reburial of graves is a sensitive matter with significant subjective impacts; therefore, all affected families should be treated with due respect. The manner in which the exhumation of graves is to be dealt with, is provided in Section 6.8. 5.7 Loss of access to services As people are expected to be resettled within1 km of their point of origin, impacts on access to services are expected to be minimal, if any. No such losses have been identified to date. However, since not all areas have been identified and surveyed, the principle remains that any loss of access to services will be restored and that resettlement homes, where required to be provided, will include access to the minimal services required by Mozambican Law or at least equivalent to those available before resettlement as required by the adequacy, equivalent locational advantages and improved living conditions criteria of OP4.03/ PS5. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 29 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 6 SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT 6.1 Land acquisition 6.1.1 Project land requirements At this early stage of project development, the amount of land required for the CTT project cannot be definitively quantified. Therefore, for purposes of the RPF, a ‘worst case’ scenario has been assumed18. Land requirements (525 ha)  145 ha for the Gas to Power Plant, including the 100 m PPZ.  20 ha for the gas pipeline (2 km pipeline with a 100 m PPZ).  250 ha for the transmission line (25 km transmission line with a 100 m PPZ).  110 ha for the water pipeline (11 km pipeline with a 100 m PPZ). A policy of avoidance will be followed at all times and through the careful alignment of project infrastructure, particularly the transmission line, it is anticipated that actual impacts will be less than those recorded in this RPF. Tables are provided for each of the affected entities throughout this section, with a summary table of impacts per project component provided at the end of Section 6 (Table 12). 6.1.2 Land occupation Land occupation in the project area is largely made up of informal villages with a low population density. The population density on the transmission line route is far lower than the population density along the water pipeline route, with the most densely populated areas located around the EN1 road. Figure 4 illustrates households with formal DUATs registered with the Government of Mozambique. From the figure, it is evident that a higher proportion of households along the water pipeline have formal DUATs with no households located on the transmission lines having formally registered DUATs. However, as noted in Section 4.3, these households will still have a DUAT through either customary norms and practices or good faith occupation. 6.1.3 Current land use practices Land use within the project area is dominated by subsistence agricultural activities. Data from the household survey of potentially affected parties in the Zone of Influence show that 97% of households reported making use of a machamba. All households reported making use of machambas, growing maize and cassava, while over 90% reported growing cowpeas. The majority of machambas are located relatively close to the homestead, with the average distance of 1.7 km between the machamba and the homestead. Only 33% of households reported keeping livestock, with the most commonly kept animals being chickens and goats. The Zone of Influence is also heavily utilised by households for the collection of natural resources. The most common natural resources harvested/used in the area include wood (used by 82% of households for cooking and construction) and clay (37% of households reporting to use it for building). A limited number of households (5%) reported producing charcoal, which is then either used for cooking or sold. 18 The magnitude of resettlement (physical and economic) detailed here is believed to be larger than what may be required following the finalisation of project design. This is based on: (i) the likelihood of the water pipeline not being required for the project; and (ii) the Proponent being able to maintain PAPs’ agricultural cultivation in the PPZ by obtaining the issuance of special use licences to PAPs. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 30 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 6.2 Households and associated structures 6.2.1 Households Table 4 details the estimated resettlement required per infrastructure component for the CTT project. This is inclusive of those potentially requiring physical and economic resettlement/displacement. Importantly, as the site selection, designs and routes for the Beach Landing site and the transport route have not been confirmed, no quantification of potential impacts has been done for these components of the project. Figures in Table 4 indicate that in the majority of the potentially affected households are located on the water pipeline with 11 households on the transmission line potentially requiring physical resettlement, i.e. the household, or a portion thereof, is within the 100 m corridor. In the case of the water pipeline, 42 of the 49 registered households may require physical resettlement while the remaining seven will require economic resettlement/displacement, i.e. they have a machamba located within the 100 m corridor but no structures. Table 4 Estimated resettlement required per phase Transmission Line Water Pipeline 100 m corridor 100 m corridor People 48 214 Households 11 42 Structures 51 170 Machambas 14 18* * This is inclusive of the seven machambas requiring economic resettlement/displacement and a further 11 machambas associated with the households requiring physical resettlement. 6.2.2 Associated structures Homesteads typically comprise various structures such as a main house and/or bedroom, kitchen structure, storerooms and/or granaries, toilets and/or bathrooms. Table 5 details the total assets at the homesteads that fall within the corridors, servitudes and exclusion zones for the transmission line and water pipeline. Table 5 Details of total households’ assets directly and indirectly affected by the CTT Transmission Line Water Pipeline 100 m corridor 100 m corridor House/bedroom 31 84 Storeroom 15 12 Toilet/Bathroom 5 56 Kitchen 0 16 Cattle kraal 0 2 CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 31 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 6.3 Disadvantaged groups Special consideration is given to vulnerable groups when resettlement takes place. The World Bank provides a clear definition to identify these groups within the affected population: “People who by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, p hysical or mental disability, economic disadvantage, or social status may be more adversely affected by resettlement than others and who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance and related development benefits”. Men and women may have different opportunities for access to land, resources, employment and markets, therefore, provision must be made to ensure these groups are involved in all decision making processes and they fully understand their options for resettlement and/or compensation. Vulnerable groups include households headed by women, children or the elderly; households where elders are looking after children; households characterised by low nutrition levels, low or no education, lack of employment or revenue; and households where members are stigmatised as a result of traditional or cultural bias; for example, handicapped family members. As recommended by WBG guidelines special assistance will be provided to vulnerable groups, as further detailed in Section 6.3, including the following:  Provision for separate and confidential consultation.  Priority in site selection in the host area.  Resettlement near to kin and former neighbours.  Assistance with dismantling salvageable materials from their original home.  Priority access to all other mitigation and development assistance.  Monitoring of nutritional and health status to ensure successful integration into the resettled community. Feasible alternative project designs will be taken into consideration to avoid or minimise physical and/or economic displacement, while balancing environmental, social, and financial costs and benefits. Vulnerable groups will be assisted to fully understand their options for resettlement and compensation and encouraged to choose the options with the lowest risk. Details of vulnerable groups Data gathered during the survey provided insight into the different vulnerable groups residing within the Zone of Influence, where the following vulnerable groups were identified:  Women headed households with children and youth.  Elderly headed households with children (and no other adults).  Women and elderly people living alone.  Mentally handicapped persons. While these vulnerable groups have been identified as being affected, it should be noted that the majority of the population within the zone of influence exhibit low levels of income and poor literacy rates. In addition, the majority of the households within the zone of influence are reliant on subsistence agriculture. Considering this, it is likely that higher levels of assistance may be required in explaining the resettlement process as well as ensuring that the livelihoods of the resettled households are not adversely affected as a result of the project. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 32 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Women headed households with children and youth The project area is largely patriarchal, with females provided fewer opportunities than males (such as access to education). While it appears that females in the younger generation do have improved access to education, a higher proportion of males than females are accessing secondary education. Thus, a household headed by a female who is the sole provider for children is considered to be in a vulnerable position. This group may need assistance in understanding the scope of the resettlement plan, their options available for compensation and the risks that could develop after resettlement. Table 6 quantifies woman headed households. Elderly headed households with children For this group, four households have been identified within the affected population (however, it should be noted that an additional two households could be classified as ‘elderly headed households with children’ but have been accounted for under the ‘Woman headed households with children and youth’). In these cases, it is likely that the children have moved to live with their grandparents due to the death of their parents, their parents being unable to support them or, alternatively, due to the parents working away from home. This group is vulnerable to the implementation of resettlement as their abilities to overcome the social and economic changes could be compromised. Special provisions will be made to address the concerns and desires of this group prior to and after resettlement. Women living alone and elderly people living alone These two groups have many similarities in terms of vulnerabilities. Women living alone are vulnerable to several social and economic threats, especially in a society where women and men do not enjoy the same benefits. In the same way, the elderly population do not have the same opportunities as younger members of the community, while they are more susceptible to health problems, disabilities and food insecurity. 26 women living alone have been identified in the affected area. Of this group, four are in a critical age group between 70 and 90 years old. Considering the average life expectancy in Mozambique is 50 years, these women can be seen as particularly vulnerable (INE, 2007). Another critical age group identified are the women alone between the ages of 15 and 19 (two households have been identified within this category). Persons with mental disabilities A single mentally handicapped person was recorded as living in the Zone of Influence. While no medical assessment was undertaken of the individual, reports from neighbours and family members were considered, along with general observations, where after it was suspected that the potentially affected individual appeared to be mentally handicapped. While the potentially affected party has his own homestead, his father assisted in completing the questionnaire on behalf of the son. Table 6 provides details of all vulnerable people within the Zone of Influence and Table 7 provides details of vulnerable people within the different corridors, servitudes and exclusion zones. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 33 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Table 6 Potentially vulnerable households Statistics Number of Households Total number of women headed households 26 Woman headed households with children and youth 17 Elderly headed households with children and no other adults 4 Women living alone and elderly people living alone 4 Mentally handicapped people 1 Table 7 Potentially vulnerable households per project servitudes Transmission Line Water Pipeline 100 m corridor 100 m corridor Total number of women headed households 3 22 Woman headed households with children and 1 15 youth Elderly headed households with children 1 2 Women living alone and elderly people living 1 3 alone Mentally handicapped people 0 1 Management Requirements In the event of any of these potentially vulnerable groups/persons requiring resettlement, extra care will be taken to ensure that no additional damages or hardships are experienced. The following will be included in the final RAP:  Key indicators be identified and monitored prior to, during and after resettlement (Section 11.2, Tables 15 and 16).  An understanding of any family ties, reliance on other community members and social networks be developed.  Ensure that, in the event of the potentially affected party being reliant on other family or community members, such parties should be resettled close to one another.  Project employment opportunities should be provided to vulnerable groups prior to offering them to other members of the affected communities.  In the event of a vulnerable household requiring resettlement, they must be provided with the opportunity to be resettled as close as possible to available services (water, healthcare, education facilities, etc.).  Support accessing local services available to address their particular needs.  Resettlement and livelihood restoration assistance. To implement a successful resettlement plan for vulnerable groups, extensive consultation with the Technical Committee and the chiefs of the community should take place, as well as with the affected population. This is based on the understanding that the successful provision of services for vulnerable household is determined by the ability of such households to meaningfully access the service which may be dependent on social support networks. Alternatively, non-profit organisations with interest in these groups could be partnered with in order to ensure that local expertise is deployed in the resettlement process. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 34 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 6.4 Agricultural land A total of 14 machambas were recorded within the 100 m corridor of the transmission line route and 18 machambas within the 100 corridor of the water pipeline route 19. The social survey in 2014/2015 indicated the average size of machambas in the project area to be 0.96 ha, the findings from the survey undertaken in 2018 confirmed this20. During the construction of the transmission line and water pipeline, it is likely that access to these machambas will be restricted. In the event of agricultural activities being allowed within the servitudes during operation 21, the affected households will be able to continue with their agricultural activities once construction is complete. However, in the event no activities being allowed within the corridors, or formalisation of the special use rights is not possible, thus, making damages permanent, suitable alternative land will need to be identified, prepared and made available to the affected parties. Table 8 provides details of the number of machambas potentially affected. In the event of the transportation routes requiring the widening of roads and/or other ancillary infrastructure requiring additional land, there is the potential for further losses of agricultural land. However, these losses cannot be quantified until the final project design and transportation routes are determined. Table 8 Machambas within the Zone of Influence Infrastructure Number of machambas Estimated total area Transmission Line (Total) 14 13.44 ha Water Pipeline (100 m corridor) 18 17.28 ha 6.5 Tree crops and Utxema (palm wine) As noted in Section 4.3.2, during the social survey undertaken for the RPF, 87% of households reported making use of fruit trees. While some fruit trees may be located in the immediate vicinity of the homestead, it is common for trees to be situated further from the homestead. Households make use of the trees to supplement their livelihoods and, therefore, any losses or damages to fruit trees require compensation to maintain the livelihoods of the affected parties22. The brewing of palm wine (Utxema) provides another important livelihood activity for households within the project area (Section 4.3.2). As is the case with fruit trees, it is common that the palm which produces the sap for the brewing of the wine is not necessarily located immediately adjacent to the homestead. Damages to or losses of palms need to be compensated. The approach to this is detailed in Section 7 – Compensation Framework and Entitlement Framework. 19 While 97% of households reported making use of machambas, not all the machambas are located within the 100 m corridor. 20 The exception is at the southern end point of the transmission line where commercial agricultural activities are taking place (an estimated 100 ha of agricultural land). However, considering the linear nature of the development, not all of this land will be lost to the current user. Commercial land will be compensated in the same manner as that detailed in Section 7, viz. the loss is compensated on the value of a crop per season times the number of seasons lost. In the event of land being lost on a permanent basis, alternative land of the same size and similar quality will be sourced and prepared for planting. 21 Shallow-rooted crops of restricted height and not within the 6 m exclusion zone. 22 Tree crops are generally isolated individual trees i.e. are not planted as a formal orchard. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 35 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS While it was not possible to quantify the exact number of trees and palms that may be affected due to access constraints, an estimate is provided based on damages recorded during work undertaken in 2015. Table 9 provides details of an estimated number of trees that are likely to be impacted and Table 10 the number of Utxema plants likely to be impacted. In the event of the transportation routes requiring the widening of roads and/or other ancillary infrastructure requiring additional land, there is the potential for further losses of agricultural land. However, these losses cannot be quantified until the final project design and transportation routes are determined. Table 9 Estimated number of trees that may be affected Transmission Line Water Pipeline Tree species 100 m corridor 100 m corridor Cashew 186 82 Mango 229 101 Natal mahogany 357 157 Orange 143 63 Lemon 0 0 Eucalyptus 0 0 Avocado 14 6 Casuarina 0 0 Pawpaw 57 25 Marula 8,043 3,539 Coconut 0 0 Total 9,029 3,973 Table 10 Estimated number of Utxema plants that may be affected Transmission Line Water Pipeline 100 m corridor 100 m corridor Utxema 986 434 6.6 Tourism industry It has been estimated that there are 22 tourism facilities in Inhassoro that could potentially be affected by the proposed equipment off-loading process and beach landing site, associated infrastructure and activities (Golder, 2018b). The number of facilities that will be affected will be determined once the optimal route and the preferred beach landing site are selected. Of the three possible sites (SETA, Briza Mar, and Maritima), Briza Mar is likely to result in greater impacts due to proximity to more lodges and the required widening of access roads. As detailed in Section 5, there are various implications for the tourism industry as a result of the beach landing site which may have an impact on occupancy rates as well as tourism activities, such as fishing charters, which have economic implications (the approach to compensation is dealt with in Section 7 – Compensation Framework and Entitlement Framework). However, until such time as the final design and location of the beach landing site has been established, it is not possible to quantify impacts. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 36 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 6.7 Fishing industry The artisanal fishing industry is a significant sector within the project area with a large number of households reliant on it for survival. Fishing activities in the area include seine netting off the beach, primarily operated by hand, however some mechanised systems are operated, as well as the use of hand lines off boats ranging in size from 6 m to 9 m (Golder, 2018b). It is anticipated that regardless of which anchoring points and which of the three possible beach landing sites is chosen, there will be an impact on the local fishing industry. This may result from exclusion zones and the presence of large infrastructure reducing the catch in the areas. As the final design, preferred anchoring point and location of the beach landing site and related routes and the required exclusions zones have not been determined as yet, it is not possible to quantify the potential damages and losses. However, the approach to compensation is dealt with in Section 7 – Compensation Framework and Entitlement Framework. 6.8 Graves During the survey of the Zone of Influence, 11 households reported having a total of 23 graves in the Zone of Influence23. The remaining households noted that deceased family members were buried at the cemetery, outside of the Zone of Influence. Importantly not all these graves fall within the 100 m corridor of the transmission line and water pipeline routes (Table 11). In all cases where graves are in proximity to project infrastructure or construction activities, consultation will need to be undertaken with the next of kin to determine the necessary procedure to protect or exhume and rebury the grave, or provide alternate mitigation, e.g. fencing the grave or to determine if any traditional ceremonies are required. In all cases dealing with graves, whether the protection of graves as exclusion zones or the exhumation and reburial of remains, the next of kin must be involved in all activities, with the physical completion of activities inspected and signed-off by the resettlement team (Section 10.4). Table 11 Details of graves within the Zone of Influence Project component Number of Graves Transmission line (Total) 7 Transmission line (Outside of the 100 m corridor) 5 Transmission line (Within the 100 m corridor) 2 Water pipeline (Total) 16 Water pipeline (Outside of the 100 m corridor) 12 Water pipeline (Within the 100 m corridor) 4 23 Co-ordinates have been recorded for future reference. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 37 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Table 12 Summary of impacts per project component Facility Land Area Needed Status Impacts (Estimated) Instrument Gas to power plant (including PPZ) 145 ha To be acquired Two machambas registered in 2015, zero Social survey and registered in 2018. To be confirmed preparation of RPF during final RAP Surfaced access road to the CTT 3 km (width to be To be acquired Zero Social survey and site determined) preparation of RPF Gas pipeline (2 km) 2 km x 100 m PPZ To be acquired Zero Social survey and (20 ha) preparation of RPF 400 kV electrical transmission line 25 km x 100 m PPZ To be acquired Physical and economic Social survey and (approximately 25 km) (with (250 ha) resettlement/displacement: preparation of RPF firebreak and gravel road 11 households 14 machambas Water pipeline 11 km x 100 m PPZ Inclusion dependent Physical and economic Social survey and (110 ha) on final project resettlement/displacement: preparation of RPF design 42 households 18 machambas Beach landing site, laydown area To be determined Site selection in Economic resettlement/displacement To be determined during and logistics camp progress (fishermen and tourism establishments preparation of Final RAP and operators). Magnitude to be determined following final project design Transportation route To be determined Route selection in Economic resettlement/displacement To be determined during progress (informal vendors, small businesses and preparation of Final RAP loss of machambas) Magnitude to be determined following final project design Temporary bridge structures across To be determined To be determined by To be determined following final project To be determined during the Govuro River final project design design preparation of Final RAP Other ancillary facilities (borrow pits, To be determined To be determined by To be determined following final project To be determined during accesses, lay down areas, auxiliary appointed design preparation of Final RAP camps, etc.) contractors CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 38 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 7 COMPENSATION FRAMEWORK AND ENTITLEMENT MATRIX 7.1 Resettlement principles A summary of Mozambique Decree 31/2012 in regard to defining levels of affected individuals is provided in Table 13. Table 13 Definition to be applied according to Mozambique Decree 31/2012 Definition Description Directly Affected People who have lost all their goods, such as houses, Population means of subsistence and other types of infrastructure Affected Indirectly Affected People who have suffered permanent or temporary Population Population interruption of their productive activity Temporarily Affected People who have suffered non-pecuniary losses during the Population works execution period Mozambique Decree 31/2012 defines levels of affected individuals as Directly Affected Population, Indirectly Affected Population and Temporarily Affected Population. Entitlements will also be defined to cover all categories under WB 4.03/PS5. These criteria have been used in distinguishing between the different affected population groups for the CTT project:  The directly affected population is the population that lives within the 100 m corridor. It has been assumed that all infrastructure in these areas will need to be removed and the affected households resettled.  The indirectly affected population is the population that does not have any infrastructure within the 100 m corridors but do have machambas (or any economic activity) in this area. In addition, the fishing and tourism industries in Inhassoro and any parties economically displaced as a result of land acquisition or use restrictions (e.g., roadside vendors) are considered to be ‘Indirectly Affected’.  The temporarily affected population are those people with graves and/or family cemeteries within the 100 m corridor. 7.2 Resettlement paradigms Consistent with international safeguards, and GOM legislation and regulations, resettlement for the CTT project will be undertaken within the framework of the following principles/paradigms:  Resettlement of households, inclusive of all affected persons, will be undertaken in such a manner that, as a minimum, no one is worse off than prior to resettlement and preferably is ‘better off’ than prior to resettlement. This will involve restoring and, over time, improving incomes and living standards of affected households and persons, while enabling them to maintain their cultural identities.  Resettlement will be undertaken within a development paradigm 24 that addresses the socio-economic development needs of resettled households, host communities 25 and the wider region within which the proposed project is to be undertaken. 24 In so far as is achievable within the limits of the LRP. 25 Considering that much of the project is linear in nature and that limited resettlement will be required, no ‘host communities’ will be affected as any resettlement that does take place will likely result in the affected households not moving more than 1 km from their existing homestead. In all likelihood, therefore, they will remain part of their existing community. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 39 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS The project proponent is committed to remaining involved with communities, households and individuals affected by its activities for the duration of the project, which, in this case, means the completion of the construction process, any on-going commitments during operation and the resolving of any concerns arising out of a period of monitoring and evaluation. Initially, this will be undertaken via the RAP and ancillary plans, for example, livelihood restoration plan developed in support of the RAP and, latterly (or in parallel), as part of on-going corporate social investment within communities affected by the project. The livelihood restoration plan will be implemented until such time as the socio-economic status of the affected parties has been restored to pre-project levels. This cannot be determined until such time as the level of impact is determined (based on a final project configuration and design). 7.3 Categories of loss and affected persons Table 14 summarises the number of households identified for compensation and resettlement assistance. Importantly these figures do not include potentially affected fishermen or tourism operators as these will determined once the final project designs are confirmed. Table 14 Categories of loss All entities with 100 m corridor Directly Affected 53 Indirectly Affected Land Users (i.e. excluding fishermen and tourism operators) 7 Temporarily Affected 14 7.4 Cut-off date to entitlements For the purposes of this RPF it has been assumed that everyone within the 100 m corridor of the transmission line, water pipeline and gas pipeline and within the CTT site footprint will require resettlement. However, only once the final alignment of this infrastructure has been confirmed (with the intention of avoiding resettlement) can the final resettlement requirements be quantified. Following the final alignment definition, a cut-off date26 for eligibility will be implemented and a moratorium on further settlement in the Zone of Influence passed. This will be communicated by the Provincial Governor and/or the District Administrator and actively disseminated (including to PAPs) in a manner that can be documented. The date will be communicated to the WBG and documented along with the dissemination process in the final RAP. 7.5 Eligibility and entitlement framework All households, persons and/or companies requiring physical and/or economic resettlement/displacement or shown to have experienced a loss of revenue as a direct result of the CTT project will be eligible for resettlement and/or compensation including livelihood restoration27. A summary of the eligibility and entitlement framework is provided in Table 15 at the end of Section 7. 26 The project proponent is not required to compensate or assist those who encroach on the project area after the cut-off date for eligibility, provided that the cut-off date was clearly established and made public. 27 This is inclusive of all parties affected by transportation routes and/or any project ancillary infrastructure (stockpiles, etc.). CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 40 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 7.5.1 Physical resettlement Any household that is determined to be within the ‘exclusion’ zone of a ny project infrastructure and, thus, directly affected by the proposed project will be eligible for resettlement. All resettled parties will be entitled to structures of an improved standard (and which comply with the government regulations) to those that were lost and assistance in the moving process. Affected parties will be offered the opportunity to dismantle and salvage any material at their homesteads prior to demolition. The demolition of homesteads will only take place once the construction of the new homestead is complete, and the affected parties have been successfully resettled and provided with any other compensation and/or assistance due to them. 7.5.2 Economic resettlement/displacement Any party found to have lost access to agricultural land on a permanent basis will be entitled to land of similar quality and size which has been demined and prepared for agriculture, and which is located within a reasonable distance from the homestead. Damages to any annual crops and/or tree crops will be compensated in accordance with the compensation entitlements (Section 7.6). 7.5.3 Fishermen Artisanal fishermen (including fishermen fishing from the shore) with a valid licence/registration28 as well as other resources users (e.g. mussel harvesters) utilising the project area and dependent on the resources from the project area (including the beach, intertidal zone, estuarine zone, riverine zone and coastal lakes) will be eligible for compensation and/or other measures to ensure their livelihoods are not adversely affected if any project activities (construction, maintenance, etc.) result in reduced access to resources. First order fishmongers, traders or processors will be considered for compensation. Industrial and semi- industrial fisheries will not be eligible for compensation29 as they are mobile and able to continue their operations outside of project areas, and consequently are not impacted. 7.5.4 Tourism Compensation will only be paid to entities incurring a direct loss of income (actual financial loss) as a result of project activities, i.e. if an activity cannot be carried out as a result of project activities. Consideration will also be given to claims related to secondary effects, for example, noise, visual impacts, etc. and the effect of this on tourism operations where the continuation of normal activities is prevented. All claims lodged will be investigated but the claimant will need to provide evidence of actual financial loss. In an attempt to minimise potential financial losses, project-appointed contractors will be encouraged to use potentially affected facilities; however, the project proponent cannot dictate to contractors and it will be up to them to decide which facilities they use. 7.5.5 Loss of access to natural resources No permanent loss to natural resources will occur. This is because once construction is complete, parties will be able to continue harvesting as prior to the project. Parties found to 28 All industrial, semi-industrial and small scale (including artisanal) fishers are required to be licensed. 29 As deduced from a review of literature and as successfully applied previously on offshore projects in Mozambique. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 41 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS have lost access to natural resources on a temporary basis will be entitled to compensation for the losses. 7.6 Compensation and related entitlements There are a number of factors which need to be considered prior to detailing compensation and entitlements. Decree 31/2012 relates primarily to large scale resettlement of entire villages. In comparison, the CTT project will require, if anything, limited resettlement in sparsely populated areas (and occasioned mainly by linear activities). Affected households will not be resettled outside of their existing communities. Any resettled households are unlikely to be moved more than a 1 km from their existing homestead (unless specifically requested and motivated by the affected party and documented in a written agreement). In the case of both physical and economic resettlement/displacement alternative land will be sourced in consultation with the traditional leader, and Government representative, in line with Mozambican custom and in consultation with the affected person(s). As detailed in Article 16 of Decree 31/2012, the process is accompanied by the establishment of access roads, a water supply system, sanitation, electrification, health post, school, day-care centre, market, shops, police station, leisure and recreation sites, sports facilities, and worship and meeting places. Considering the nature of the resettlement required as a result of the CTT project as described above, all affected households will still have the same level of access to services as previously due to the proximity of the resettlement sites. Cash compensation for any asset will be calculated at full replacement cost (the value of obtaining an equivalent asset in the local market, plus all transaction costs--and with no deductions for depreciation or salvage value of the asset being compensated). 7.6.1 Physical resettlement In accordance with Decree 31/2012, anyone who is resettled is entitled to conditions equal to or above their previous standard of living as further described in Section 3.1. Decree 31/2012 also notes that resettled parties in rural areas are entitled to a plot not less than 5,000 m² and nothing less than a three bedroom house with an area of 70 m² to be built of conventional materials and to an approved design. All affected parties will be offered replacement houses of this standard. However, based on experience, it is often the case that household heads prefer a structure made from traditional materials. If this is the case, quotations will be obtained to construct the replacement house from traditional materials and contractors appointed to undertake the work. The quality of the work and materials will be monitored by the resettlement team and signed off by the project proponent and head of the affected household. 7.6.2 Economic resettlement/displacement Temporary loss of agricultural land and annual crops Annual crops will be considered to be temporarily damaged and compensated for according to the loss of one season’s production, based on the size of the area affected. The value per hectare will be determined by yield (per season) and price data for the specific crop provided by the GOM, as verified by current market values with the higher of the two values being used. The possibilities include:  Machamba cultivated with only one type of crop, to be compensated for the loss of that particular crop only. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 42 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS  Machamba cultivated with a number of different crops; in which case compensation is to be paid according to the mixed crop method (basket) or for the actual crops affected.  Loss of production is usually limited to a single season. However, in cases where affected parties experience a loss for more than a single season, compensation will be paid for each season which is lost. An indicative list of compensation values for a single growing season of various annual crops is provided in Annexure 3. These prices will need to be updated/verified and validated as covering market/full replacement value immediately prior to the commencement of the project. Tree crops Any affected party found to have experienced damages, losses or lost access to tree crops will be provided with replacement trees. The ratio of replacement trees for those damaged will be based on the survival rate of the particular species e.g. a 50% survival rate would require two trees be provided for every lost tree. Compensation will be paid on the basis of loss of production and the consequent loss of income accumulated over the period required for the new trees (replacement tress provided) to become productive. Replacement trees are provided on a one for one basis. Affected parties are informed that responsibility for cultivation is entirely their own; however, they are provided with advice on cultivation and compensation for their labour which can be in kind, which can take the form of tools or other goods. Prices will be calculated at the rate provided by the GOM as verified by current market values with the higher of the two values being used. An indicative list of prices for tree crops is provided in Annexure 4. These prices will need to be verified/updated verified and validated as covering market/full replacement value immediately prior to the commencement of the project. Permanent loss of agricultural land In respect of the permanent loss of machambas, replacement land equivalent in size, quality and locational advantage to the land lost must be sourced, demined, bush cleared, prepared for planting and formally registered (i.e. the affected party must be provided with a DUAT for the new land which will be issued to men and women including collective persons). Any clearing of the area and land preparation must preferably be done by hand to minimise soil disturbance to prolong soil fertility. The replacement land must be identified by the local traditional leader and Government representative, in line with Mozambican custom and in consultation with the affected person(s). In the case of agricultural land being lost on a permanent basis, in addition to replacement land, the affected party will also be paid compensation for the loss of the crop value per growing season times the number of seasons lost (Section 7.6.2). 7.6.3 Fishermen As detailed in Section 7.5, only artisanal fisheries will be eligible for compensation. Compensation will be calculated as follows:  Determine an average catch’s composition (for example, type of fish, class of fish, etc.), volume (weight, quantity, etc.) and effort (type of fishing gear used). This will be determined through a pre-project baseline survey, which will be validated with data from the fishing associations.  Establish an acceptable value (for example, per kg, per boat, per person or per day) for a mixed catch (as informed by current market values). An example of this information is provided in Annexure 5. This will be determined through a pre-project baseline survey. which will be validated with data from the fishing associations.  In principle, compensation will be paid to any individual for the loss of a single day of fishing (this along with notification of barge movements and restrictions is to dissuade people from purposefully fishing in the project-affected area to obtain compensation). CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 43 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS  Compensation will also be paid for consumables (for example, diesel) used in the wasted day’s fishing effort. Fishermen are encouraged to continue fishing in areas outside the exclusion and/or safety zones. Compensation will not be paid for parties who register more than one claim in the same area (i.e. fishermen returning to the exclusion and/or safety zones with the sole purpose of receiving compensation will not be compensated). All registered claims will be scrutinised in order to prevent opportunistic claims. As per their daily activities throughout the year, catch volumes are recorded by the Small Scale Fisheries Development Institute (IDPPE) at various locations along the Mozambique coast. Using these data and data from the National Fisheries Research Institute (IIP), it can be determined if catch volumes increase or decrease. Should decreases be experienced, which following an independent investigation are directly attributable to CTT project activities, the difference in volumes can be calculated (assuming no outside factors, such as poor weather) and using the established compensation values, the difference will be payable as compensation. This would be for the duration of reduced catches. In the event that this occurs, the process will be expedited (through the prioritisation of the required research and interventions by the project proponent) and if deemed necessary, compensation paid as soon as is practically possible so as to ensure that the livelihoods of the affected parties are not adversely affected. 7.6.4 Tourism Potential impacts resulting from offshore activities primarily relate to the loss of access to and use of resources, and loss of and disruption to income sources and livelihoods (i.e. economic displacement). All affected entities will be provided with compensation equivalent to the productive value of their operation (as reported to the GOM) for the period that their operation is impacted, for the duration of project activities in an area. Affected tourism, associated operators and tourism dependent businesses will be compensated on proven actual financial loss. All complaints will be investigated by an independent assessor (loss adjuster). Compensation will be via electronic bank transfer, alternatively in cash for the informal sector. However, it should be noted that efforts will be made during construction to limit negative impacts by encouraging contractors and project personnel to be accommodated at potentially affected tourism facilities. 7.6.5 Loss of access to natural resources In the event of any party losing access to natural resources as a direct result of the project and through consultation with the affected party and the community leader it is determined that these natural resources cannot reasonably and sustainably be obtained elsewhere, the affected party will be entitled to compensation. Compensation will be provided in the form of the natural resource, e.g. if access has been lost to grass for thatching, the required volume of thatching will be provided to the affected party. In principle, no cash compensation will be provided so as to prevent opportunistic claims. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 44 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Table 15 Entitlement matrix Type of Loss Entitled Persons Entitlements Required Action Physical Resettlement Loss of residential land and Households within the exclusion zone  New land with a minimum size of 5,000 m².  Identification of alternative land. structures. of any project infrastructure (including  Minimum of a three bedroom house of 70 m².  Management of construction process including access routes and any ancillary  Replacement of all existing structures. quality control. infrastructure).  Conditions equal to or above previous standard  Registration of DUAT for new land. of living.  Assistance in moving all required items to the  Opportunity to salvage any materials from new site. homestead prior to resettlement.  Equal or improved access to services (such as water and electricity)  Resettlement should, as far as possible and unless otherwise requested by the PAP, take place within a 1 km radius of the original homestead.  Moving allowance (where applicable). Economic resettlement/displacement Permanent loss of Persons who have lost access to  Provided with replacement land of a similar size  Identification of alternative land. agricultural land. agricultural land on a permanent and quality and locational advantage that has  Registration of DUAT for alternative land. basis. been prepared for agricultural purposes.  Preparation or replacement land for agriculture.  Alternative land, as far as possible and unless  Calculation of compensation based on area and otherwise requested by the PAP, should be crops affected. provided as close as possible to the affected  Payment of compensation for losses incurred. parties homestead.  Compensation for the number of seasons’ production of the lost crops.  Transitional support (where necessary) Temporary loss of Persons who have temporarily lost  Compensation based on the number of seasons  Calculation of compensation based on area and agricultural crops. access to agricultural land or who of lost production/value of crop lost crops affected. experience damages to agricultural  Payment of compensation for losses incurred. crops. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 45 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Type of Loss Entitled Persons Entitlements Required Action Loss of tree crops. Persons who experience damages,  Compensation on the basis of loss of production  Calculation of compensation based on type of losses or lost access to tree crops. over the period required for the new tree to tree lost. become productive.  Payment of compensation for losses incurred.  Replacement tree on a one-for-one basis (taking  Delivery of replacement trees./compensation for into account provision for survival rate of planting labour species) Loss of access to fishing Artisanal fishers who lose access to  Compensation for a loss of a single days fishing.  Calculation of compensation based on average grounds or other marine fishing grounds or other marine  Compensation for a loss of consumables. catches and lost consumables. resources. resources as a result of the project.  Other verified losses on a case by case basis  Payment of compensation. Reduced earnings for Tourism establishments and operators  Compensation for actual losses incurred.  Review of claim by an independent assessor. tourism establishments and with actual financial losses as a direct  Payment of compensation. operators. result of the project. Tenants, workers or Tenants, workers or informal  Compensation based on the same principles as  In conjunction with the community leader informal occupants30 occupants that may be identified within those discussed in Section 7.2 i.e. no one is confirm the status and legal right to the area of the project area worse off than prior to resettlement and the affected party. preferably is ‘better off’ than prior to  Calculate compensation based on loss (tree resettlement. crops, agricultural crops, structures, etc.).  In the event of agricultural land or tree crops  Payment of compensation. being lost by tenants or informal occupants the same entitlements as those detailed above apply (including replacement land and trees).  In the event of temporary structures being lost, compensation is provided at full replacement value.  In the event of a loss of access to natural resources occurring, the same entitlements as those detailed in the relevant section of this table apply.  Any proven loss of earnings will be compensated through cash compensation. Graves 30 During the census survey undertaken 2015 and 2018 no tenants, workers or informal occupants were identified within the project area. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 46 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Type of Loss Entitled Persons Entitlements Required Action Exhumation of grave Next of kin  Cost of exhumation and reburial (including  Consultation with the next of kin and traditional required. marking of the grave). leader regarding the required exhumation and  Cost of all necessary ceremonies. reburial process  Cost of alternative mitigation (marking and  Arrangement of expert support fencing off grave).  Payment of compensation.  Support in the process of implementing all mitigation measures by qualified service providers Loss of access to natural resources Temporary loss of access Persons who have lost access to  Provision of the natural resources to which the  Consultation with the community leader to to areas where natural areas where they previously collected affected party has lost access. identify suitable alternative areas. resources are collected. natural resources as a result of  Sustainable access restored  Provision of the natural resource in the volumes construction activities and who cannot required (cash compensation is not to be reasonably collect natural resources provided). elsewhere.  Arrangements for alternative sustainable sources is restrictions are permanent CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 47 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Table 16 Valuation methodology Entity Relevant Approach Valuation methodology Legislation Physical Resettlement House Decree 31/2012 Replacement as  Affected party agrees upon house design and materials per Decree  New house constructed at cost of the project proponent, with a minimum of 70m 2 31/2012 with a minimum 70m2 Associated structures None Cash  Compensation for materials (thatch, wooden poles, etc. at market value. Market value obtained compensation for through a minimum of three quotes in the local area structures lost  Compensation for labour is calculated based on a minimum of three quotes obtained from local contractors to rebuild the structure (kitchen,  Compensation is agreed upon by the affected party storeroom, cattle kraal, etc.) but excluding houses Agricultural land None Alternative land of  Cost of demining, de-bushing and preparing the alternative land is covered by the project equivalent size, proponent quality and  Cost of registering a new DUAT is covered by the project proponent locational advantage Economic resettlement/displacement Crops None Cash  Compensation is calculated based on yield per hectare (ton/ha), obtained from the GOM and compensation validate according to market prices (MZM/ton). The higher of the two rates (GOM or market) is the value at which compensation is calculated CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 48 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Trees None Cash  Tree crops will be compensated on the basis of loss of production and the consequent loss of compensation and income accumulated over the period required for a new tree to become productive at market/full replacement trees replacement value  A new tree is provided to the affected party. Data on the time taken for tree crops to become productive are obtained from the GOM. Trees replaced at a rate compatible with survival probability aiming to ensure one on one effective replacement. Planting labour is compensated, potentially in kind.  Price data are obtained from the GOM and market prices  The higher of the two rates is the value at which compensation is calculated Fishermen None Cash  Baseline data obtained during a pre-project baseline survey are used to determine an average compensation catch composition (class of fish, weight, quantity, etc.) and fish prices. Consumables used during a fishing trip are also recorded during the baseline survey. Baseline data are benchmarked against data from fishing associations  Compensation is paid for a single lost days fishing (value of average catch and cost of consumables Tourism None Cash  Proven financial (revenue) loss (financial records from the affected tourism establishment) compensation Natural resources None Replacement of  The project proponent is to purchase and deliver the lost resource to the affected household and lost resource implement measures to ensure sustainable availability if the loss of access is permanent CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 49 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 8 LIVELIHOODS RESTORATION PLAN To meet the goals of Mozambican and WBG policies to maintain and improve the livelihoods of the parties affected by resettlement or economic displacement, both in terms of standards and sustainability, a livelihoods restoration plan will be required. During the social survey, respondents most commonly reported their main concerns as access to water, employment, healthcare, education and access to electricity. These findings have helped shaped the proposed livelihoods restoration framework. It needs to be noted that a number of the measures discussed above relating to entitlement of the affected parties to compensation form part of the livelihood restoration process, such as:  The replacement of all lost assets.  The replacement of agricultural land.  The preparation of agricultural land.  Compensation for all lost growing seasons.  Compensation for lost income/revenue.  Compensation for loss of access to natural resources A number of possible interventions and/or programmes are described below. Following the finalisation of project design and during the development of the final Resettlement Action Plan, the livelihood restoration plan will be finalised. This will entail discussions with the affected parties as well as the GOM and non-government and community organisations operating in the area to prioritise and plan the necessary interventions. If implemented successfully, these will assist in ensuring that the livelihoods of the affected parties and the broader community are not adversely affected by the CTT project. The project proponent will partner with local non-government organisations and community based organisations and will link/align livelihood restoration activities with the Corporate Social Responsibility Programmes of the CTT Project’s owners31. These organisations possess a large amount of local knowledge as well as industry expertise which will aid in ensuring that the livelihoods restoration programme meets its objectives. Cash-for work These programmes are mostly based on activities where members of the local community can offer labour through direct employment to the construction and operation of the proposed project. In general, the employment is for manual labour for a specific period of time. The concept can also be applied where the project proponent undertakes social investment projects where the affected communities identify community projects that would be of benefit to them. While those affected directly by resettlement should be prioritised for the provision of opportunities, employment opportunities should extend to the entire community. This should be undertaken in accordance with the project labour management plan. Agricultural development assistance These programmes are aimed at assisting local communities to improve their production with a view to moving away from subsistence agriculture, firstly, to attain food security at home and secondly, to produce a surplus for sale and income. Such assistance will be through the provision of crop starter packs, soil improvement measures, and agricultural training and input from agricultural extension officers. 31 The CTT Project will need to develop its own Social Responsibility Programme (it is assumed that the focus areas of the owners’ programmes will be incorporated in the CTT’s Corporate Social Responsibility Programme). CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 50 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Improved services Access to services (water, sanitation and electricity) within the project area remains poor. Measures will be put in place to assist with improving access to these services. Water Undertake an assessment of existing wells within the project area and determine measures to improve them. This should include repairing broken pumps and in cases where pumps have not been installed, installing pumps. Water accessed from wells should be tested and, where required, filtration and or chlorine dispensing systems installed to provide clean and safe potable water. New wells should be drilled to improve access to water in the project area. Sanitation Provide homesteads within the project area with ‘improved’ pit latrines which include formalised pits, toilets and ventilation. This should be extended to local schools and healthcare centres in the project area. Electricity Provide solar panels to the affected households to assist with the charging of mobile phones, radios, etc. Again, this is an initiative that can be extended to local schools and healthcare centres. Health HIV and AIDS Provide support to existing HIV and AIDS programmes operating in the project area. This may include training for healthcare workers, the provision of testing kits, provision of condoms to healthcare centres and information pamphlets and posters. Malaria Establish programmes to reduce the incidence of malaria in the area. These programmes may include the distribution of mosquito nets within the communities and spraying campaigns. Natural environment The incorrect disposal of refuse has several environmental implications while also posing health risks to local communities. An investigation should be undertaken into the establishment of a formal refuse site constructed to meet minimum industry requirements. Coupled with the refuse site, it is essential that a basic refuse removal system/service is introduced. This will aid with the removal of refuse, thereby reducing health risks, reducing the possibility of ground water sources becoming polluted and aid in employment creation. Improved sustainable access to natural resources and ecological services An investigation will be undertaken into the collection and use of natural resources and ecological services. Based on the findings of this investigation the future sustainability of current practices will be assessed and guidelines proposed. This information will be disseminated to the community through community and focus group meetings. The need to ensure sustainable use of resources will be discussed and a plan proposed for the sustainable use of resources within the community concerned. Improved infrastructure There is potential to improve public infrastructure within the project area. Improvements may include upgrades to local schools and healthcare centres, improvement of roads and the establishment of safe pedestrian pavements adjacent to roads. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 51 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 9 CONSULTATION WITH POTENTIALLY AFFECTED PARTIES 9.1 Previous consultation Consultation was initiated in 2014 when initial studies were undertaken. During this time, district administrators and community leaders were informed of the project and the undertaking of the social survey. Focus group discussions as well as public meetings were held in 2014 in both Inhassoro and Inhambane. During the undertaking of the social survey in 2014, discussions were held with each of the potentially affected households. The household head was provided with project information and informed of the potential for resettlement. It was, however, stressed that the project was in the planning phase and that households should continue with their current livelihood activities. 9.2 Consultation for the RPF 9.2.1 Head of households During the social survey undertaken in August and September 2018 as part of this RPF formulation, household heads were provided with background information regarding the CTT project. Key information provided to the household heads included:  The intention of the project proponent to continue with the project following initial studies undertaken in 2014 and 2015.  The need to enumerate their household due to the possibility of resettlement being required as a result of the project.  It was explained that resettlement was undesirable and that the project would be planned, as far as reasonably practical, to avoid resettlement.  An explanation as to the manner in which compensation and resettlement will be undertaken in the event of it being required.  It was emphasised that currently the project is still in the planning phase and project designs were yet to be finalised and, thus, households should continue with their household activities. Household heads were offered the opportunity to raise concerns regarding the project. No significant concerns were raised. Details of people consulted are provided in Annexure 6. 9.2.2 Fishermen A focus group meeting was held with members of the Inhassoro Fishing Association in Inhassoro town on 11 September 2018 (Plates 11 and 12). During the meeting the fishermen were provided with the following information:  The intention of the project proponent to continue with the project following initial studies undertaken in 2014 and 2015.  The need for the establishment of the beach landing site to land and transport large equipment.  It was explained that three different beach landing sites are being considered. The location of the beach landing sites was provided to the fishermen.  It was explained that in the event of any losses being incurred, compensation will be provided in accordance with a set procedure. The procedure would be explained to the affected parties at future public consultation meetings during which time any concerns or queries can be raised and any valid amendments to the procedure made. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 52 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Based on the information provided, fishermen were requested to raise any concerns regarding the project. Concerns raised by fishermen included:  Potential exclusion zones that may be implemented during the operation of the beach landing site and how this may affect the ability of fishermen to access fishing grounds.  The impact that the presence of large infrastructure may have on fish stocks in the area. Plate 11 Consultation taking place Plate 12 Consultation taking place with members of the with members of the Inhassoro fishing association Inhassoro fishing association 9.2.3 Tourism operators Tourism establishments located adjacent to the three beach landing sites were contacted regarding the project. The following information was provided to the tourism establishments:  The need for the beach landing sites was explained, with the locations provided.  It was emphasised that the project is still in the planning phase and the location of the beach landing site has not been finalised.  It was noted that formal community consultation would be taking place in early 2019 and that more project details would be provided at that stage. The tourism establishments raised the following concerns regarding the proposed project:  The impact that the beach landing site may have on people visiting the area due to the presence of large infrastructure on the beach.  It was noted by the respondents that this can be offset to some degree by accommodating project staff.  The impact that any exclusion zones may have on the launching of boats for fishing charters, diving trips and other tourism related activities. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 53 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 9.3 Public consultation 9.3.1 Review of the Draft RPF The Draft RPF was made available for public review on 28 December 2018. The locations where the Draft RPF was made available are detailed in Table 17. Table 17 Locations where the Draft RPF was made available for public review Location Address where reports available Temane area villages: Temane, Mangungumete, Litlau, Chitsotso and Manusse. Project area Inhassoro area villages: Mabime, Chipongo, Mangarelane, Mapanzene, Maimelane, Munavalate and Pambarra. Inhassoro Governo Distrital, Rua Principal, Inhassoro (District Government). Maimelane Secretaria Geral, Maimelane. Biblioteca da Direcção Provincial do Ministério da Terra, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Inhambane Rural de Inhambane (DPTADER), Cidade de Inhambane. (Library of the Provincial Directorate for the Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development). Biblioteca do Ministério da Terra, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural (MITADER), Av. Acordos de Lusaka, 1225.  Instituto Nacional de Petróleo (INP), Rua dos Desportistas, Parcela nº 259 E.  Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM), Avenida Filipe Samuel Magaia Nr. 368, CP Maputo 2532.  Golder Associados Moçambique Lda, Av. Vladimir Lenine, Edifício do Milénio Park, 174, 6° Andar.  Sasol Petroleum Moçambique Lda, Rua dos Desportistas, Prédio Jat III 833, 12º Anda. (Table adapted from: Golder, 2019) 9.3.2 Presentation of Draft RPF The Draft RPF was presented during public meetings (undertaken in conjunction with the ESIA team) in January 2019. Meetings were held as follows:  Inhassoro: Wednesday 16 January 2019, 09:00 – 12:00 at Complexo Turistico Seta, Rua da Mesquita nr, 78 – 52 participants present (13 women).  Maimelane: Thursday, 17 January 2019, 09:00 – 12:00 at Maimelane Secretariat -- 81 participants present (15 women).  Inhambane: Friday, 18 January 2019, 09:00 – 12:00 at the Hotel Casa do Capitão, Bairro Balane 1 – 29 participants present (6 women). Total number of participants present in consultations = 162 Number of women in participation = 34 During these meetings, the Draft RPF and the principles of resettlement (both physical and economic) were presented as well as the methodology to be applied in determining compensation. All comments received pertaining to the Draft RPF and details of how the concerns were responded to are provided in Annexure 7. Further details from the public consultation process are available in the Section 5 of the ESIA Document. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 54 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 9.4 Future consultation Future consultation will take place as part of the ESIA in line with Mozambican legislation. It is expected that the project design will be finalised and the resettlement requirements and economic displacement impacts quantified by the next phase of RAP documentation; therefore, consultation with the affected parties will take place in accordance with the requirements of the Mozambican resettlement procedure as detailed in Articles 13 and 23 of Decree 31/2012 and those of the WBG as set out in this RPF. Considering that any required resettlement is likely to be limited to specific households as opposed to entire communities, consultation will likely take place on a one-on-one basis with the affected households. In the case of parties likely to experience economic resettlement/displacement, viz. fishermen and tourism establishments/operators, consultation will take the form of public meetings with focus group meetings arranged as required. Importantly, for all consultation, where required, the project proponent will provide feedback on project progress and actions arising from previous consultation. Further, records of all engagements will be kept. Each RAP or LRP will be made available for public consultation and disclosed per WBG requirements. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 55 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 10 INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 10.1 Institutional framework This section identifies institutions responsible for implementation and monitoring of the RPF, including potential external institutions with whom the project proponent can partner. The World Bank Group recommends the involvement of stakeholders to promote capacity building amongst institutions and transparency on resettlement activities. Government institutions (as detailed in Section 10.2) will be involved during planning and implementation: the entitlement process; allocation of land per household; improvements to public buildings, such as schools; the provision of services such as water supply, sanitation and electricity, and other public infrastructure. The project proponent will partner with civil society and other institutions to assist in achieving several goals on specific critical issues, such as rural women empowerment; entitlement land rights awareness; and HIV and AIDS education. 10.2 Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee As detailed in the Mozambican Regulations for the Resettlement Process Resulting from Economic Activities (Decree 31/2012), a Technical Resettlement and Supervision Committee is required to be established by the Minister supervising Territorial Planning within the area where the project falls, in this case, the Province of Inhambane. Following completion of the project design and prior to commencing with the development of the Final RAP, the relevant authorities will be engaged to initiate the process of establishing the committee. The committee should include the following representatives:  Two members of the Territorial Planning sector.  One member of the Local Administration sector.  One member of the Public Works and Housing sector.  One member of the Agricultural sector.  One member of the related area.  One member of the Provincial Government.  One member of the District Government.  One member of the Resettlement steering committee (Section 10.3). The committee has the following functions:  To monitor, supervise and make methodological recommendations for the entire resettlement process.  To issue technical opinions about the resettlement plans.  To prepare monitoring and evaluation reports of the resettlement process, taking into account the previously approved plans.  To propose the notification of the proponent of an activity to provide information about the progress of the resettlement process (sic).  To prepare the draft Internal Regulations of the Committee.  To propose complementary rules for the implementation of these Regulations. 10.3 Resettlement steering committee Working under the guidance of and reporting to the Technical Resettlement and Supervision Committee, a Resettlement Steering Committee (RSC) will be created at the onset of the project to facilitate coordination of resettlement activities. The RSC will complement the Project Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee which is required by the Mozambican resettlement regulations. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 56 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS The RSC should consist of the following standing members:  Two representatives of the Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee.  Local leadership - locality chief and Régulos (traditional Chief).  Two community appointed representatives (potentially vulnerable groups such as women and the elderly are to be represented here).  Project proponent (CTT environmental and social management teams, with authority to make decisions). The project proponent will need to act as the main driver of the work of the RSC and also provide a secretariat function. The RSC will have the following key functions:  Act as a mechanism for information exchange, complementary planning and coordination of implementation activities.  Ensure adherence to the project’s resettlement and compensation policies.  Assess the progress and efficacy of the resettlement programme and suggest modifications where necessary.  Identify issues/areas of concern and suggest corrective measures.  Assist with the identification of socio-economic development opportunities.  Execute and manage the overall resettlement programme and expenditure against budget. The RSC should meet regularly (initially monthly but decreasing frequency over time) during the resettlement planning and implementation phases to assist with the coordination of all resettlement and livelihood restoration tasks, and especially with those requiring inputs from Government departments. 10.4 Community liaison and participation The success of the resettlement and livelihood restoration programmes will largely depend on the project proponent being able to establish and maintain sustainable relationships with the directly and indirectly affected households. A full time CTT project Community Liaison Officer (CLO) will be appointed to oversee all community consultation as well as being the contact for any concerns emanating from the community, including those related to resettlement and impacts on livelihoods. It is envisaged that the CLO will undertake and manage the following activities:  Institutional and process training and support (assist community representatives and the broader community in understanding the resettlement framework and process).  Liaison and consultation with project affected stakeholders, and engagement protocols.  Dissemination of project related information to affected communities and other local stakeholders.  Ongoing monitoring of community reactions to project implementation.  Facilitation of a grievance resolution procedure and reporting to a senior manager of the project proponent. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 57 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 10.5 CTT Resettlement team A dedicated resettlement team will be required to manage the entire resettlement process. The CTT resettlement team will report directly to the CTT Project Manager and will be inclusive of the following positions and responsibilities:  Resettlement manager – responsible for the overall management of the resettlement process.  In field manager – responsible for the day to day management of the resettlement process and quality control for work undertaken by the infield enumeration team.  Field enumerators – an estimated four field enumerators will be required (depending on the number of households affected). Field enumerators will be responsible for the registration of affected parties and associated entities, the registration of all damages incurred to annual crops, tree crops, etc., and enumeration of structures. The resettlement team will be established once the project has been confirmed and prior to the development of the Final RAP. An organogram for the institutional arrangements for resettlement is provided in Figure 5. Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee Resettlement steering committee ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CTT Project Manager (Social and Environmental) Community Liaison and CTT Resettlement Team Participation Officer Figure 5 Organogram of the institutional arrangements for resettlement Specialised third parties will be involved in livelihood restoration measures (study, design and implementation) providing technical assistance. In the case of the CTT project, such assistance will be directed to subsistence farming activities in the project area. National research institutes that have experience in the Inhambane Province and Inhassoro District will be deployed to assist farmers to improve their annual production, achieve food security and raise their income through the sale of surplus produce. The benefits from making alliances with local institutions and organisations bring multiple benefits to all parties. The main objective of these partnerships is to delegate the implementation and monitoring of different issues to experts, preferably local, in the field. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 58 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS The community, in general, will appreciate the participation of these stakeholders as they will also see the benefit of having local institutions overseeing the RPF and promoting dialogue and transparency. All programs will be in place prior to resettlement commencing. 10.6 Grievance and dispute resolution32 Considering the potentially disruptive nature of involuntary resettlement, incidences of dissatisfaction and unhappiness among both the affected households and the broader community are likely. A grievance and dispute resolution procedure is imperative to deal with complaints in an efficient and transparent manner. In addition, a set grievance procedure enables all affected parties to know exactly how to lodge complaints and how they will be addressed in an impartial manner. In accordance with OP 4.03, PS 5, the grievance mechanism will be freely accessible to all affected parties, without retribution and will take account of existing judicial recourse and customary dispute settlement mechanisms. A detailed GRM has also been included in the Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) submitted in conjunction with the full CTT ESIA documentation. The SEP requires that the announcement of the presence of a GRM will be made during the stakeholder consultation process. The format of the procedure has been kept simple for it to be clear and easy to understand. A Grievance Officer (also referred to as Community Liaison Officer) will be appointed who is familiar with social management processes and trained in the management and resolution of community concerns and conflict. A Grievance Officer must be an impartial facilitator, an honest broker between the affected communities and the client (and should be endorsed by the community). This is especially important for the building of trust and to ensure that valid concerns and grievances are raised effectively and timeously. A Social Reconciliation Committee (or Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee) will be formed comprising representatives of local communities. Social Reconciliation Committee members will represent all demographic sectors of the community and will work with the Grievance Officer to address concerns and complaints. The SEP further sets forth a three-tier process for the GRM, namely:  Tier 1 – the internal GRM process (carried out by Senior CTT representatives and the Senior Review Committee);  Tier 2 – Senior Committee Review carried out by Senior CTT representatives (Heads of Environment and Communities or higher), local traditional governance, an independent mediator for the grievance process; and  Tier 3 – Judicial review through the magistrates’ courts and higher as necessary. The CTT SHE Manager and CTT Grievance Officer will be respectively responsible for the coordination of ongoing stakeholder engagement and GRM. The project proponent will implement and closely monitor the GRM, although the mechanism will be designed to follow traditional communication lines. Typically, any grievances relating to 32 The grievance and dispute resolution procedure detailed here follows the same principles and process as that provided in the Stakeholder Engagement Plan compiled for the CTT project. There will be one grievance and dispute resolution procedure for the project (to avoid duplication and confusion). CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 59 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS resettlement and/or compensation will first be reported through local leadership channels. This will involve the complainant informing the Secretario de Quarteirões (Block Secretary) who in turn will inform the Régulos (Chief). The Régulos is required to inform the CLO who reports the grievance to the proponent’s project management official. Grievances can also be reported directly to project management or personnel, in which case it will redirected to the described channels, unless the aggrieved party specifically requests otherwise. Importantly, grievances can be reported in person, in writing, electronically or via telephone. Cognisance is taken of the need to be sensitive to vulnerable groups such as women and to facilitate suitable access for any grievances from these parties to be properly reported. Women will be informed of their right to request their complaint be recorded by a woman and for status updates to be provided by a woman (as opposed to a male in both instances). This is a function that the project proponent will provide. Should any party request that they remain anonymous from other members of the community or community leaders due to fear of repercussions, this will be respected. Contact details for the project management team will be made available through information leaflets as well as onsite notice boards. Following this, a date will be set by the project management official (within a stipulated timeframe of 14 days) for mediation between the complainant, the Project Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee, the project proponent and local leadership. It is the responsibility of the CLO to be in regular communication with the Régulos to ensure that any complaints and/or concerns are raised and dealt with immediately and the status of the claim is communicated to the aggrieved person. If the local leadership together with the Project Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee and the project proponent are unable to come to a resolution with the complainant within a stipulated time (14 days) the matter should be referred to the District Administrator. Again, the Project Technical Resettlement Monitoring and Supervision Committee will be available to provide a mediation process together with the District Administrator. If no understanding or amicable solution can be reached or, alternatively, if the complainant does not receive any feedback within a stipulated time (14 days), the complaint should be submitted to the court of law. Importantly, the grievance process will be widely publicised in the project area and every effort will be made to make sure that all affected parties are aware of the procedure and how it functions. Furthermore, detailed records of all grievances, actions taken and resolutions will be maintained by the project proponent and will be freely available for scrutiny by the GOM and third parties. Complainants will also be informed of their rights and of the availability of other recourse (including judicial and World Bank) at any time throughout the process. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 60 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 11 IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING AND AUDITING 11.1 Implementation schedule It is estimated that the resettlement process will take 22 months to complete. Figure 6 provides a Gantt chart detailing the required steps in compiling the Final RAP document. The first three months are allocated to arriving at an investment decision and the next two months are allocated to preparation of the Final Resettlement and Livelihoods Restoration Plan, including World Bank no objection of such plan. Therefore, actual resettlement implementation is estimated to take 17 months to complete. The critical path of the programme is the length of time required to construct replacement houses (employing one or more contractors).The proposed programmes do not include the entire time required for the livelihood’s restoration activities and the monitoring and evaluation programme as these activities/programmes will continue after the completion of physical resettlement, provision of compensation for lost assets and any other actions required in the final RAP prior to enabling access to the sites for the project proponent to commence construction 33. The final RAPs will be produced starting with the signature of the EPC Contract, and the Environmental and Social Action Plan (ESAP) anticipates all final RAPs to be completed within 60 days of financial close and submitted by the Project Proponent to the WBG for no objection. If fewer than 200 people are affected and there is no or minimal physical resettlement, an abbreviated resettlement plan (ARAP) can be prepared. Annexure 8 sets forth an outline for such RAP/ARAP outlines. All final RAPs will require approval by the WBG and disclosure according to OP4.03/PS5 and no construction will be initiated until all final plans have been prepared, approved and implemented to the extent established in their respective schedules, including completion of compensation prior to impacts occurring. Following the completion of the final RAP, should the detailed design lead to the requirement for a site specific RAP, such RAP will be immediately elaborated at that time and submitted for MITADER approval, WB no objection and disclosure prior to any construction on that site. 11.2 Monitoring and evaluation OP 4.03, PS 5 indicates the need to monitor and evaluate the Resettlement Action Plan throughout implementation and completion. Paragraph 14 states: The client will establish procedures to monitor and evaluate the implementation of a Resettlement Action Plan or Livelihood Restoration Plan and take corrective action as necessary. The extent of monitoring activities will be commensurate with the project’s risks and impacts. For projects with significant involuntary resettlement risks, the client will retain competent resettlement professionals to provide advice on compliance with this Performance Standard and to verify the client’s monitoring information. Affected persons will be consulted during the monitoring process. Further Mozambican Regulations for the Resettlement Process Resulting from Economic Activities (Decree 31/2012) outlines the responsibilities for the State and the company:  The company is responsible for the monitoring, evaluation and reporting of the RAP. 33 It should be noted that resettlement in areas that are of priority for construction could be expedited; however, this type of optimisation will be possible only once the technical designs and construction programmes have been finalised. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 61 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS  The company is also responsible for facilitating the monitoring and evaluation activities that the Committee will need to perform.  The Territorial Planning Department has the responsibility of monitoring the entire resettlement plan and disseminate good practices.  The Local Administration has the responsibility of monitoring the performance of the RAP.  Public Works and Housing Department have the responsibility to guide and monitor the establishment and development of infrastructure, namely, for access, water and electricity supply, sanitation, drainage, and for opening or improving access roads, and to guide and monitor the construction of public buildings. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 62 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Figure 6 CTT RPF – Programme CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 63 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Considering the above Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) for the CTT project will be commensurate with the project’s risks and impacts. For cases where livelihood restoration was involved, M&E will be conducted at least once, as close to the harvesting period as possible, to determine whether claimants’ livelihoods have been restored to levels which are the same or better than their pre-existing levels. Where resettlement was involved, the replacement housing and other infrastructure for every household is to be inspected, in consultation with the owner, the required Mozambican Government representatives and the relevant representatives from the RSC. Other livelihood restoration activities will establish appropriate baselines and monitoring requirements at the time of design. Monitoring frequencies will be determined when the final Resettlement and Livelihoods Restoration Plan is prepared (once the project design has been finalised and impacts can be accurately quantified). The final monitoring exercise will constitute an evaluation of the entire resettlement process. To ensure that the livelihoods of the affected parties have not been adversely affected but rather improved, key indicators and variables have been identified which should be monitored to determine if the livelihoods of affected parties have been successfully re-established. Key indicators for the monitoring of graves that were exhumed and reburied, homesteads that were resettled and machambas that were re-established are provided in Tables 18, 19 and 20. These indicators have been adapted from the Sasol Resettlement Planning and Implementation Programme Volume 4: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan, November 2004. While some data will be quantitative (crop yields, soils fertility, etc.), a large volume will be qualitative as it relates to people’s perceptions. It is recommended that the sample sizes for ‘exit interviews’ as part of M&E are as follows (this is based on the assumption that the total number of physically resettled households will remain limited and it will be possible to undertake M&E (exit interviews) for each of the potentially resettled households):  Homesteads 100%.  Vulnerable households 100%  Machambas 25%  Graves - 100%. If significant impacts are experienced by artisanal fishers and tourism establishments and/or operators, these entities will be added to the M&E Matrix. Importantly, the M&E process entails the measuring (qualitative and quantitative), analysis and interpretation of findings in order to develop recommendations. The interpretation of the findings will indicate whether the livelihood restoration measures are successful or whether further/alternate interventions are required. 11.3 Auditing It is recommended that the project proponent employs an external auditor to audit the resettlement and livelihoods restoration process. The external audit should be undertaken once during implementation (mid-implementation) and, once following the complete implementation of the Resettlement and Livelihoods Restoration Plan. Also, the owners of the CTT project will develop internal performance monitoring criteria to measure the performance of the rollout of the resettlement process on a quarterly basis and issue the respective reports. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 64 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Table 18 Indicators, variables to measure and actions for grave monitoring and evaluation Indicator Variables to measure Actions KPI Family satisfied with the new  Grave sites well demarcated.  Interview with next-of-kin.  Clearly demarcated and well gravesite.  Improvements made (planted trees  Observation. maintained graves. etc.).  Photographic record.  Graves tended and maintained. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 65 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Table 19 Indicators, variables to measure and actions for homestead monitoring and evaluation Indicator Variables to measure Actions KPI Resident is satisfied,  Resident’s perception of:  Interview with the household head.  Resettled party is happy with the accepts and takes pride in ▫ The site of the new homestead.  Observation. new homestead. new home (physical ▫ The physical condition of the house.  Physical inspection. attributes). ▫ The condition of the pit latrine.  Comparative assessment (original ▫ The condition of secondary condition vs current, accounting for infrastructure and outbuildings. acceptable wear and tear).  Photographic record. House is in a satisfactory  Condition of:  Observation.  No complaints regarding the condition.  Walls (cracks, flaking, damp, etc.).  Physical inspection. quality of the new house.  Roof (leaks, blown off, etc.).  Comparative assessment (original  No defects reported with the new  Windows (cracked, broken, condition vs current, accounting house. chipped, etc.). for acceptable wear and tear).  Door (damp, warped, unhinged,  Photographic record. etc.).  Improvements made to the house (for example, guttering, security, decorations, etc.).  Improvements made to the yard (construction of additional structures, gardens established, etc.). Pit latrine is in a  Latrine in use.  Observation.  No complaints regarding the satisfactory condition.  Structure stable.  Physical inspection. quality of the pit latrine.  Condition of roof (leaks, etc.).  Comparative assessment (original  No defects reported with the new  Pit volume adequate (no overflow, etc.). condition vs current, accounting for pit latrine.  Ventilation appropriate. acceptable wear and tear).  The new pit latrine is the preferred  Presence of flies and odours.  Photographic record. toilet facility. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 66 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Table 19 continued Indicator Variables to measure Actions KPI Outbuildings/additional  Structures in use.  Observation.  All additional structures in good structures are in a  Structures stable.  Physical inspection. conditions and in use. satisfactory condition.  Construction material not degraded.  Comparative assessment (Primarily reed, grass and (original condition vs current, thatch structures used as accounting for acceptable bathrooms and for wear and tear). storage).  Photographic record. Solid waste disposal.  Area used for waste disposal (pit, veld, etc.).  Inspection.  Formal solid waste disposal in  Observation. use.  Photographic record. Adequacy of access.  Access to site of homestead possible (vehicular,  Observation.  Presence of formal maintained on foot, by bicycle, etc.).  Physical inspection. access roads and paths.  Footpaths maintained.  Comparative assessment.  Photographic record. Resettler social and socio-  Household income.  Interview with the household  Improved household income. economic status.  Household expenditure patterns. head and other family  Improved employment rate.  Number of family members formally employed. members.  Reduced incidence of illness.  Number of visits to the clinic/hospital/traditional  Observation.  Improved access to services healer.  Photographic record. (healthcare, water, sanitation  Access to education and education, etc.)  Access to services.  Improved school attendance.  Access to employment.  Illness profile.  Incidence of crime. Resettler sense of  DUAT applications initiated*.  Interview with the household  Issuing of DUATs. ownership.  [Data gathered for condition of house will be head and other family used]. members. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 67 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Indicator Variables to measure Actions KPI Resettler/host  Involvement in, or establishment of, community  Interview with the household relations  Zero conflicts between resettlers and sense of belonging institutions. head and other family and host communities. within new environment  Neighbour relations. members. (evidence of antagonism,  Relationship successes/difficulties at traditional  Observation. tension or conflict). leader, family and individual level. Adequate access  Supply of fuel wood. to  Observation.  No reported shortage or conflict natural resources.  Supply of natural materials for building.  Interview with the household over access to natural  Supply of natural materials for craftwork. head and other family resources.  Supply of natural foods. members. * The resettlement process cannot be considered complete until DUATs are issued to all affected parties. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 68 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Table 20 Indicators, variables to measure and actions for machamba monitoring and evaluation Indicator Variables to measure Actions KPI Farming activities have  Activities resumed by affected land user or  Interview with affected land user.  All affected parties resumed resumed (variable to by third party (tenant).  Observation. agricultural activities. measure will largely be  Evidence of land preparation/cropping.  Photographic record. dependent on the time at  Evidence of improvements (drainage, which M&E is terracing, furrows, etc.). undertaken).  Evidence of crop maintenance (weeding, watering, free of debris, etc.). Crop characteristics  Productivity/yields.  Interviews.  Resettled parties producing yields compared to unaffected  Crop condition.  Observation. similar to or better than neighbours.  Crop mix.  Photographic record. surrounding farmers who were not resettled. Condition of topsoil.  Topsoil still viable for plant growth.  Interviews.  Improved top soil.  Observation.  Photographic record. Soil fertility.  ph.  Soil sampling.  Improved soil fertility.  Nitrogen.  Chemical analysis.  Potassium.  Phosphorus.  Conductivity. Replacement planting  Received in good condition.  Interviews.  100% use of crop starter packs. stock – crop starter  Utilised for planting/sold/bartered.  Observation.  Average or better survival rate of packs.  Viable crop produced.  Photographic record. crops relative to other farmers in the area. Replacement planting  Received in good condition.  Interviews.  100% planting of replacement stock – tree seedlings.  Utilised for planting/sold/bartered.  Observation. trees.  Maintenance and care (protection, water,  Photographic record.  Average or better survival rate of etc.). tree seedlings relative to other farmers in the area. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 69 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Table 20 continued Indicator Variables to measure Actions KPI Land use disagreements  Incidents of livestock damage to crops.  Interviews.  No reported land use (e.g. grazing vs crop  Observation. disagreements. production).  Photographic record. Land user’s perceptions  Expectations.  Interviews (to be viewed  No complaints regarding farming with regard to farming  Soil quality. comparatively). conditions. conditions.  Crop condition and yield. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 70 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 12 BUDGET A cost estimate for the preparation and implementation of the RPF and RAP/ARAPs and key aspects of livelihood restoration (to be complemented in the final RAP(s)) process is provided in Table 21. Table 21 Cost estimate for resettlement Potentially Affected Cost per unit Unit Total Cost (MZM) Total Cost (US $) (worst case) Houses (minimum of 70 m², MZM 45,000 per square meter)* MZM 3 150 000,00 per house 53 MZM 166 950 000,00 $ 2 782 500,00 Additional structures (made of traditional materials and excl. houses/bedrooms and toilets) MZM 9 000,00 per structure 45 MZM 405 000,00 $ 6 750,00 Ceremonial costs ¹ MZM 7 000,00 per affected party 53 MZM 371 000,00 $ 6 183,33 Toilet (improved pit latrine) MZM 150 000,00 per structure 53 MZM 7 950 000,00 $ 132 500,00 Compensation for damages to annual crops (cost for a basket of mixed crops) MZM 16 020,00 per hectare 31 MZM 496 620,00 $ 8 277,00 Compensation for damages to tree crops (average cost of compensation for a tree) MZM 4 080,00 per tree 13002 MZM 53 048 160,00 $ 884 136,00 Compensation for damages to specified crops (Utxema) MZM 1 440,00 per plant 1419 MZM 2 043 360,00 $ 34 056,00 Bush clearing and land preparation of new agricultural land and residential plots* MZM 93 049,00 per hectare 31 MZM 2 884 519,00 $ 48 075,32 Demining of new agricultural land and residential plots* MZM 1 409 196,25 per hectare 31 MZM 43 685 083,75 $ 728 084,73 Surveying and registration of DUAT* MZM 17 020,12 per property 85 MZM 1 446 710,20 $ 24 111,84 Exhumation and reburial of graves MZM 12 000,00 per grave 14 MZM 168 000,00 $ 2 800,00 Implementation cost ² MZM 12 782 981,68 N/A N/A MZM 12 782 981,68 $ 213 049,69 Total MZM 292 231 434,63 $ 4 870 523,91 Costs of construction of houses and improved pit latrines are based on quotations from contractors in Inhambane Province. The per m² cost for the construction of a new house is inclusive of a bathroom and toilet within the house as well as electrical fittings Other costs have been based on previous projects Damages to tree crops and Utxema have been estimated based on previous projects An exchange rate of US$ 1.00 to MZM 60.00 has been used ¹ Costs associated with undertaking of traditional ceremonies required when households are resettled. Costs for ceremonies required for exhumation and reburial of graves are included under that item. ² Implementation costs include professional fees and disbursements for field as well as management staff. Costs have been on current professional fees and disbursement costs. *Costs that have been escalated at 10% per annum since the last definitive cost is available CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 71 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS 13 CONCLUDING REMARKS This RPF has been prepared to meet the requirements for the World Bank ’s appraisal mission. Due to the lack of a final project design, it has not been possible to accurately determine the number of affected parties. In order to overcome this, the RPF has been compiled considering a worst case scenario, i.e. assuming the highest impact alternatives. However, it is anticipated that various project design decisions such as the water pipeline not being required and the ability to obtain issuance of special use licences to allow for activities to continue within the PPZ, will result in the required permanent resettlement being far lower than what has been detailed in this RPF. The proposed heavy equipment moving activities including construction of a temporary jetty in the vicinity of Inhassoro town also has the potential to negatively impact on fishing activities (largely subsistence) and the tourism industry in the town. In addition, the construction of a transportation route from the beach landing site to the project site has the potential to result in disruptions to roadside vendors and businesses and a loss of agricultural land. While it is anticipated that such impacts will be relatively small, any eligible party proven to be negatively impacted by project activities will be compensated in accordance with this RPF. As the preferred beach landing site and transportation route have not yet been confirmed, it was not possible to quantify the potentially impacted parties. However, it is understood that the areas through which the proposed alternative transportation routes go are relatively sparsely populated, and the desire to avoid resettlement will be considered when determining the final preferred route. Considering these factors, it is believed that resettlement impacts associated with those transportation routes will be minimal. Assuming the successful World Bank appraisal for the project, the project team will commence with the preparation of a Final Resettlement Action Plan that will be informed by a finalised project design. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 72 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS REFERENCES ACER, 2014. Confidential report. ACER, 2004. Sasol Natural Gas Project, Resettlement Planning and Implementation Programme. Volume 4: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan. ACIS, 2007. Legal Framework for Recognising and Acquiring Rights to Rural Land in Mozambique, Edition 1. Decree 31/2012. Regulations for the Resettlement Process Resulting from Economic Activities Decree 31/2012 of 8 August, Republic of Mozambique Du Preez, M. & Perold, J. 2005. Scoping/feasibility study for the development of a new landfill site for the Northern Areas of the Metropolitan Municipality of Johannesburg. Socio-Economic Assessment. Golder, 2018a. Central Térmica de Temane Project - Social Impact Assessment Golder, 2018b. Central Térmica de Temane Project - Tourism Impact Assessment Hilhorst and Porchet, undated. Mozambique: Food security and land governance factsheet. INE, 2007. Instituto Nacional de Estatistica, 2007. Government of Mozambique. www.ine.gov.mz Instituto Nacional de Estatistica, 2011. Estatistica Do Distrito Inhassoro, 2011. Instituto Nacional de Estatistica, 2013. Estatistica Do Distrito Inhassoro, 2013. Technical Directice 156/2014. Technical Directive of the Process for Preparing and Implementing Resettlement Plans CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 73 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS ANNEXURE 1 Resettlement Planning and Implementation Programme Addendum 15 – Mozambique Gas to Power Plant (MGtP) (Submitted as a separate attachment) CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 74 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS ANNEXURE 2 DUAT information provided (2a and 2b) (Submitted as a separate attachments) CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 75 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS ANNEXURE 3 Reference compensation values for annual crops (subject to market validation) CULTIVATED CROPS UNIT VALUE US$ Pacote/packet or basket (mixed agriculture) /ha 267 Milho/Maize /ha 107 Amendoim /ha 381 Feijo-Nhemba/Cowpeas /ha 135 Mandioca/Cassava /ha 262 Arroz/Rice /ha 321 Mapira/Sorghum /ha 51 Mexoeira/Millet /ha 48 Batata-doce/Sweet potato /ha 161 Anans/Pineapple /ha 641 Ananazeira/Pineapple fruit /fruit 0.60 Cana-sacarina/Sugarcane /leg 0.60 Bananeira/Banana /leg 7.20 Horticolas /m2 0.6 Alho/Garlic /m2 1.8 Utxema /plant 24 Aloe malothii (medicinal) /plant 8.5 CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 76 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS ANNEXURE 4 Reference compensation values for tree crops (subject to market validation) TREE CROPS UNIT VALUE US$ Cajueiro/Cashew /tree 73 Mangueira/Mango /tree 192 Mafureira/Natal Mahogany /tree 79 Laranjeira/Orange /tree 108 LIMOEIRO/LEMON /tree 54 Abacateira/Avocado /tree 69 Papaeira/Pawpaw /tree 2 Coqueiro/Coconut /tree 73 Canhueiro/Marula /tree 26 Eucalipto/Eucalyptus /tree 60 CASUARINA/CASUARINA /tree 9 CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 77 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS ANNEXURE 5 Compensation values for fish species (subject to updating) and validation Catch Volume Catch Value Catch Value Entity (kg/week) (MT/kg) (MT/kg) CLASS 1 Class 2 & 3 Prawns Calamari Crayfish Crab FISH Fish 100 (x no. of Owner 120 90 Queen 230 employees) Employee 100 50 45 King 325 325 325 65 Independent 100 120 90 Tiger 500 Purchase Purchase Sale Price Volume Price (MT/kg) Prawns Calamari Crayfish Crab (kg/week) (MT/kg) Variable 120 Retail Queen Retail Retail Retail Retail Traders King Retail Tiger Retail CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 78 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS ANNEXURE 6 Persons consulted in the preparation of the Resettlement Policy Framework Women (33) Anita Almeida Huo 16/08/2018 Potentially affected party Isaura Jose Matsinhe 22/08/2018 Potentially affected party Léria Paulo Muabsa 24/08/2018 Potentially affected party Luisa Das Codes Amina 29/08/2018 Potentially affected party Joaneta Jamo Mavucane 29/08/2018 Potentially affected party Cacilda Armando Massimgue 29/08/2018 Potentially affected party Marta Mechico 1930-08-18 Potentially affected party Simone Famia Muabsa 30/08/2018 Potentially affected party Teresa Alberto 30/08/2018 Potentially affected party Tamara Lazaro Vilanculo 30/08/2018 Potentially affected party Florentina André Massingue 31/08/2018 Potentially affected party Cidália Chindotane Come 31/08/2018 Potentially affected party Teresa Alberto 30/08/2018 Potentially affected party Juliana Sinal Sitoi 31/08/2018 Potentially affected party Eva José Ngotine 2018-01-09 Potentially affected party Eneia Feijão Nhamuche 2018-01-09 Potentially affected party Sandra Veronica 2018-01-09 Potentially affected party Rabeca Antonio Chibebe 2018-01-09 Potentially affected party Carlota Rolane Mazive 2018-03-09 Potentially affected party Ester Joaquim Domingos 2018-03-09 Potentially affected party Nisha Paulino Catemba 2018-04-09 Potentially affected party Laura Armando Sitoi 2018-04-09 Potentially affected party Neta Sambula Mubsa 2018-04-09 Potentially affected party Simone Julai Massinguile 2018-05-09 Potentially affected party Isabel Gingado Mucavele 2018-05-09 Potentially affected party Sónia Gingado Mucavel 2018-06-09 Potentially affected party Cândida Rafael Paúnde 2018-06-09 Potentially affected party Sandra Raul Vilanculo 2018-08-09 Potentially affected party Amélia Daniel Nhamuche 2018-08-09 Potentially affected party Anabela Marcos Mboene 2018-11-09 Potentially affected party Flora Fabiao 13/09/2018 Potentially affected party Lurdes Fabião Massingue 13/09/2018 Potentially affected party Laura Nemba Muabsa 14/09/2018 Potentially affected party Men (27) Azarias Nhacanjane 13/08/2018 Potentially affected party Venancio Naive 16/08/2018 Potentially affected party Samuel Lourenço 16/08/2018 Potentially affected party Gildo Feliciano Nhacumbe 17/08/2018 Potentially affected party CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 79 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS Antonio Tsemane Chambela 18/08/2018 Potentially affected party João Madacuane Machava 22/08/2018 Potentially affected party Adriano Amela Machava 24/08/2018 Potentially affected party Calado Daniel Chitlhango 27/08/2018 Potentially affected party Anuario Afonso Safrão Simango 30/08/2018 Potentially affected party Jaime Chindotane Come 30/08/2018 Potentially affected party Pedro Fabião Manhice 31/08/2018 Potentially affected party Paulo Jutas 2018-01-09 Potentially affected party Admiral Faifane Muhuvacanhe 2018-01-09 Potentially affected party Azarias Magaizane Muabsa 2018-03-09 Potentially affected party Venancio Naive 2018-03-09 Potentially affected party Mastro Fambane 2018-04-09 Potentially affected party Boaventura Antonio Juuaio 2018-04-09 Potentially affected party Artur Alexandre Nhamucho 2018-05-09 Potentially affected party Fernando Joaquim Sete 2018-05-09 Potentially affected party Antonio Naene Ginaio (Father) 2018-06-09 Potentially affected party Jaime Fabião Machava 2018-08-09 Potentially affected party José Julai Matsena 2018-10-09 Potentially affected party Alfeu Meleco Chibebe 2018-11-09 Potentially affected party Alberto Magaissa Gulube 2018-12-09 Potentially affected party Inacio Jose Rungo 2018-12-09 Potentially affected party André Lazaro Matsena 13/09/2018 Potentially affected party Alfeu Guilaze 14/09/2018 Potentially affected party CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 80 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS ANNEXURE 7 Resettlement related comments and responses from the Public Consultation process in January 2019 ORGANISATION / SOURCE (Email, Name of COMMENT / QUESTION / ISSUE / TITLE FIRST NAME SURNAME POSITION GROUP / CATEGORY DATE meeting, Telephone Call, RESPONSE BY ESIA TEAM SUGGESTION VILLAGE /BODY Fax, etc.) I think tourism will be affected negatively A comprehensive waste management plan aimed at identifying the types of Inhassoro affected because of the waste water wastes and their origin has been included in the EIA Report and it details the Mr. Jorge Fogão Hotel Inhassoro Tourism 16-Jan-19 Inhassoro Public Meeting Resident produced at the camp that will be drained by recommended treatment options and management in order to prevent pollution the beach where the tourism facilities are. of nearby water bodies. All three proposed beach landing sites are of Thank you for your comment. We have already taken this into consideration fishing importance. Additionally, Brisa Mar is when assessing all three sites which are all used for various activities such as also used for swimming. fishing and swimming. Fisheries Mr. Rafael Jonasse Fisherman Fishermen 16-Jan-19 Inhassoro Public Meeting In order to compensate affected fishermen, a baseline study that includes Association Who will compensate the fishermen that may information regarding the price of fish and number of catch amongst others will be affected by the chosen beach landing be conducted. Further consultation with local fisherman will take place in site? preparing the detailed compensation plan which will include qualifying criteria. How will you compensate the tourism facilities around BNP that might get affected An inventory of potentially affected tourism facilities will be made at BNP and Bazaruto National by the project activities? A percentage from Mr. Tomás Manasse Conservationist Conservation 16-Jan-19 Inhassoro Public Meeting Inhassoro, and if it is found that they are affected, they will be compensated in Park their revenue is paid to BNP and it also line with the compensation plan. supports the community and families around BNP. A comprehensive waste management plan aimed at identifying the types of My concern is regarding the waste that will Inhassoro wastes and their origin has been included in the EIA Report and it details the Mr. Amilcar Temane Pensão Inhassoro Tourism 16-Jan-19 Inhassoro Public Meeting be produced at the beach landing site during Resident recommended treatment options and management in order to prevent pollution the offload of equipment. of nearby water bodies and the broader environment. Designated waste handling facilities will be in place at all areas where there Once the beach landing option has been are project activities so that any project related waste can be disposed of and chosen, waste bins and public sanitary managed appropriately. Waste will furthermore be handled and disposed of by facilities should be place at the beach. a licensed 3rd party contractor at a licensed facility in line with the waste Mr. Jorge Machoco Member Civil Society Local other 16-Jan-19 Comment Sheet management plan developed for the project. Once the resettlement inventory is completed, a model house should be shown Thank you for this recommendation. It will be considered going forward. to the affected families. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 81 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS The village leaders should be consulted also Thank you for your comments. Regarding compensation, we took note of all during resettlement and compensation important aspects mentioned here and we will include these in the project and Mr. Jaime Guluve Leader Chitsotso Village leader 17-Jan-19 Maimelane Public Meeting inventory so as to avoid opportunists who compensation plan. We want to develop a good plan that is accurate and that may move their crops to areas where there is why we are here to gather as much information from the stakeholders as is eligibility for compensation. possible. During site visits and resettlement and Thank you for your comments. Regarding compensation, we took note of all compensation process, please take note of important aspects mentioned here and we will include these in the project and Mr. Adriano Machava Leader Pambarra Village leader 17-Jan-19 Maimelane Public Meeting all infrastructures and trees that you will compensation plan. We want to develop a good plan that is accurate and that come across to guarantee that is why we are here to gather as much information from the stakeholders as compensation is fair. possible. The social studies and Management Plans such as the resettlement and My concern is regarding the fisheries value compensation plan will take into consideration the whole fishing value chain so chain, a lot of people benefit from this as to not negatively impact the quality of life of the nearby villages/ Carlos da Government Mr. Alberto Medical Doctor Mangungumente 17-Jan-19 Maimelane Public Meeting activity. If there is a need to restrict fishing communities that use fishing as a means of subsistence. Silva local activities then I request that the number of The Resettlement and Compensation Plan also considers the whole value affected fishermen be as little as possible. chain. The plan is yet to be finalized and there will still be further consultation with local fisherman and community members. Regarding fishing activities, I understand that An inventory will be undertaken together with the local fishing associations to fishermen that use drag net (seine) will be determine who is affected and eligible for compensation. compensated. I do not use a drag (net) to The beach will not be closed off to fishermen, there are three possible sites for Mr. Augusto Macovane Leader Macovane Village leader 17-Jan-19 Maimelane Public Meeting fish however I also rely on the sea and the beach landing, one of those will be chosen and may temporarily affect fishing to feed my family. How will I be fishermen, and however this will only be for a short section of beach and during compensated if the beach is closed off to the times of barge movements. fishermen? An inventory will be undertaken together with the local fishing associations to determine who is affected and eligible to compensation. The beach will not be closed off to fishermen, there three possible sites for the The presence of vessels in Inhassoro will beach landing, one of those will be chosen and may be temporarily affect Ministry of Sea, Government have an impact on fishing and marine fauna. fishermen. Mr. Avene Eduardo Technical Staff Inland Waters and 18-Jan-19 Inhambane Public Meeting provincial What measures are in place for this impact? The impacts of the project on the marine environment will be of short duration, Fisheries Will they be compensated? only during construction phase and it is not expected to lead to any losses in terms of fishing numbers and marine species as the vessels and barges will only be there for a short duration and limited trips between anchorage point and beach landing site. An inventory is being undertaken to determine the number of affected crop owners. Compensation will be according to the Mozambican legislation. In term of temporary loss, the payment will be per ha and per lost season. In terms of permanent loss, people will be provided with new land which will be identified in conjunction with the affected people and community leaders. This new land will be prepared for agriculture prior to being used. To date a Which type of housing will be given to the Resettlement Framework Policy has been elaborated and more meetings will Mr. Hilario Zibane Activist Civil Society Local other 18-Jan-19 Inhambane Public Meeting resettled people and how will you still be undertaken with the communities. compensate lost crops? It is important to note that where possible resettlement should be avoided. Sasol has managed similar processes in the past with the communities and to date there hasn't been complaints regarding the process. The resettlement and compensation plan will be elaborated and if households need to be relocated, these affected people will be consulted and the type and size of replacement housing will be discussed and agreed by both parties. Mr. Daniel Bambo Technical Staff 18-Jan-19 Inhambane Public Meeting CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 82 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS There was a separate Tourism Impact Assessment that was undertaken. As There is a need for a tourism impact part of the study, we worked with Mr. Raufo Usta (Inhambane local) who Ministry of Tourism Government assessment, this assessment should be undertook various consultations with tourism facilities owners in Inhassoro and and Culture provincial undertaken in conjunction with the tourism BNP. The information that was collected was used to quantify the impacts and facility owners. propose mitigation measures in terms of any loss of income by the tourism facility owners in Inhassoro and on Bazaruto Island. The specialist studies have found that the presence of vessels and barge movements are unlikely to affect fish and marine mammals as they will travel I would like to add to what Mr. Avene said, at very slow speeds and will have marine mammal observers on board to Ministry of Land, even though the vessel will be at sea for a Government ensure no mammals or turtles are in the path of the barge. In order to Ms. Afonsina Fernandes Technical Staff Environment and 18-Jan-19 Inhambane Public Meeting short duration, it could have a long term provincial compensate affected fishermen, a baseline study that includes information Rural Development negative impact on the fishing regarding the price of fish and number of catch amongst others will be communities/business. conducted. Further consultation with local fisherman will take place in preparing the detailed compensation plan which will include qualifying criteria. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 83 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS ANNEXURE 8 – Draft Outline of a RAP34 I) Proposed resettlement, impact on displaced persons and other affected groups II) What are the legal issues? III) Project description – Identification of project area IV) Potential Impacts a) activities triggering/ causing resettlement b) zone of impact c) alternatives considered d) mechanisms established to minimize resettlement V) Objectives of RAP VI) Socio-economic Studies a) current occupants of impact area – also used to establish eligibility cut-off for subsequent inflows of people b) characteristics of affected households i) production systems ii) labor iii) household organization iv) baseline livelihood information – including income from formal and informal activities v) standard of living vi) health status c) magnitude of expected loss d) information on vulnerable persons who may need special provisions e) provisions to update information on affected peoples’ livelihoods and standards of living at regular intervals to ensure most recent information at ti me of displacement f) land tenure and transfer systems i) inventory of common property natural resources from which people derive their livelihoods and sustenance ii) issues raised by different tenure systems g) patterns of social interaction i) social networks and support systems ii) project impacts on social interactions h) public infrastructure and social services impacted i) social and cultural characteristics of impacted communities – both formal and informal institutions VII) Legal Framework a) scope of power of eminent domain i) valuation methodology ii) timing of payment b) legal and administrative procedures i) remedies available to impacted persons in judicial process ii) timeframe for procedures iii) alternative relevant dispute resolution mechanisms c) relevant law (legal, customary, traditional) governing: i) land tenure ii) valuation of assets and losses iii) compensation iv) natural resources usage rights v) customary personal law related to displacement vi) environmental laws vii) social welfare legislations d) laws and regulations relating to agencies responsible for implementing resettlement activities e) gaps between local laws and Bank policy i) mechanisms to bridge gaps f) legal steps needed to ensure effective implementation of resettlement i) process for recognizing legal, customary, and traditional, usage land claims VIII) Institutional Framework a) identify responsible agencies b) assessment of institution capacity of responsible agencies c) steps to enhance institutional capacity IX) Eligibility – define displaced persons and criteria for determining eligibility including cut-off dates X) Valuation and compensation for losses a) methodology used in valuing losses to determine replacement cost b) description of proposed types and levels of compensation under local law c) supplementary measures needed to achieve replacement cost XI) Resettlement measures a) describe packages of compensation b) describe other resettlement measures c) Is resettlement packages compatible with cultural preferences? 34 If fewer than 200 people are affected and there is no or minimal physical resettlement, an abbreviated resettlement plan (ARAP) can be prepared. CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 84 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD ON BEHALF OF THE CTT PROJECT SPONSORS d) Were resettlement packages prepared in consultation with impacted persons/ XII) Site selection, preparation and relocation a) alternative relocation sites b) institutional and technical arrangements for identifying and preparing relocation sites c) estimate of time needed to acquire and transfer relocation sites d) measures needed to prevent land speculation or influx in ineligible persons e) procedures for physical relocation including timetables for site preparation and transfer f) legal arrangements for regularizing tenure and transferring titles XIII) Housing, Infrastructure, and Social Services a) plans to provide housing, infrastructure, and social services b) plans to ensure comparable services to host population c) necessary site development for facilities XIV) Environmental protection and management a) describe boundaries of relocation area b) assessment of environmental impacts of resettlement c) measures to mitigate and manage impacts XV) Community Participation – involvement of impacted peoples and host communities a) describe strategy for consultation and participation in design and implementation b) summary of views expressed and how views were taken into account in preparing RAP c) review alternatives presented and choices made by impacted persons including: choices in forms of compensation and assistance; relocating as individual, family or community d) institutionalized arrangements impacted person can communicate their concerns to project authorities and measures to ensure vulnerable groups are adequately represented XVI) Integrations with host community a) consultations with host communities and local governments b) arrangements for prompt payment to hosts for land or other assets c) arrangements for addressing any conflict d) measures to augment services in host communities to at least comparable services available to resettled persons XVII) Grievance procedures a) affordable and accessible procedures for 3rd party settlement of disputes arising from resettlement b) take into account availability of judicial recourse and traditional community dispute settlement mechanisms XVIII) Organizational responsibilities a) identify agencies responsible for delivery of resettlement measures and provision of services b) coordination between agencies and jurisdictions involved c) measures needed to strengthen institutional capacity d) provisions to transfer responsibility for managing facilities and services provided XIX) Implementation schedule covering all resettlement activities a) target dates for achievement of expected benefits b) target dates for terminating various assistance c) how resettlement activities are linked to implementation of overall project XX) Costs and budget a) itemized cost estimates for all resettlement activities including allowances for inflation, population growth, and other contingencies b) timetables for expenditures c) sources of funds d) arrangements for timely flow of funds e) funding for resettlement, if any, in areas outside jurisdiction of implementing agencies XXI) Monitoring and evaluation a) monitoring arrangements by implementing agencies b) monitoring by independent monitors as appropriate c) performance monitoring indicators to measure inputs, outputs, and outcomes d) involvement of impacted persons e) evaluation of impact f) use results to guide subsequent activities CTT PROJECT, INHAMBANE PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 85