E4075 v13 REPUBLIC OF YEMEN MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS & HIGHWAYS (MPWH) IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (IU) ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT PROJECT (RAMP) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Of ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN for IBB GOVERNORATE SUB-PROJECT (612.7 km) 03/07/2014 REPUBLIC OF YEMEN MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS & HIGHWAYS (MPWH) IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (IU) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Of ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN for IBB GOVERNORATE SUB-PROJECT (612.7 km) Prepared by: Dr. Adnan Alsanoy Mr. Adam Abdulwadood July 2014 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Introduction The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for Ibb Governorate is financed under Road Asset Management Project (RAMP), and managed by the RMF Implementation Unit (IU). This ESMP contains the results of the environmental and social impact assessment undertaken for the Backlog Works and Repairs Phase as well as Routine Maintenance of the project for Ibb governorate roads. It complies with the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Safeguards Policies and the Relevant Yemen Regulations. Due to the scope of work limited to backlog repairs and maintenance activities, the project is classified as category B. The ESMP document identifies and assesses the environmental and social impacts of the sub- project. Moreover, the report identifies the necessary mitigation measures and elaborates the necessary management and monitoring plans to ensure that impacts are dealt with and mitigation measures are followed during the maintenance activities. The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) follows at the end of the executive summary and in chapter 7. The ESIA report was carried out according to the guidelines set out in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Framework (ESIAF) document prepared for the implementation unit within the RMF. The environmental and social review guidelines stipulated in the OP 4.01, impact screening and scoping checklists, and consultations with both male and female groups for Ibb governorate roads were the main tools used during the preparation of this ESMP report. 2. Project Objectives The overall project objective is to alleviate poverty in the area by improving access to basic services such as schools, health centers and markets, and by creating local employment through road maintenance works. This will be achieved by upgrading the existing paved roads to prevent their deterioration, improving traffic safety at critical locations, by improving slope stability at mountainous roads, cleaning cross drainage and side ditches and removing illegal speed bumps and replacing them with new safety speed bumps. The backlog maintenance works of the proposed project will meet the future demand for better transportation and communication between many districts and villages of Ibb Governorate. In addition, keeping in view an anticipated overall development in the center and inland region of the country, it will reduce travel time and the cost of freight traffic between districts, cities and villages. Furthermore, the importance of maintaining 612.7 km of roads is to serve the population of the governorate of about 2,700,000 inhabitants. 3. Project Description The Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) sub-project of Ibb governorate is composed of twenty-five roads with the total length of 612.7 km. These roads connect many villages with the district centers and with the Ibb city. They also connect Ibb governorate with Taiz, Al- Dale'a, 2 Hodaidah governorates. The target roads consist of six main roads, twelve secondary roads, and seven tertiary roads. These roads run in different regions such as, mountainous, hills, valleys, agricultural and flat lands, flat-rolling-mountainous and pure mountainous. The mountainous terrain of the roads alignments includes very high slopes and sharp curves. The scope of works include structural excavation, gabions construction, construction of stone masonry for culverts and walls, installation of safety barriers and handrails, cleaning blocked drainage, repairs of riprap, road resurfacing, crack sealing, repairs and cleaning of shoulders, installation of pipe culverts, pavement marking, installation of subsoil filter drains, installation of road signs. All rehabilitation and backlog works of this sub-project will be conducted within the Right Of Way (ROW). No additional land acquisition is required. The duration of the backlog works and repairs phase of the project is 48 months. 4. Legal and Institutional Framework The ESMP of this sub-project is carried out to meet the requirements of the Environment Protection Law (EPL) No. 26 of 1995 in Yemen that sets the framework for protection of the environment, natural resources, society and health. The provisions of this framework law are implemented through the Executive Regulations (By-Law 148-2000), issued by a decree of the Council of Ministers. According to the Law 26 described above, the EMP is required for road maintenance works. In addition, this ESMP report has been prepared in conformity with World Bank Operational Policy OP/BP/GP 4.01. The policy OP / BP/ 4.12 is not triggered for this sub-project because no widening or re-alignment would occur during construction and repair works and there will be no economic or physical displacement. 5. Baseline Conditions A detailed field study was carried out by environmental, social and gender specialists for the purpose of assessing the existing environmental and social condition. Baseline of environmental and social conditions were studied and presented in the ESMP. The information was collected from the existing reports, papers and publications, as well as the field surveys. Physical Region and Land Use The terrain types of these roads vary between mountainous to rolling and some of them are mixed of flat-rolling-mountainous. The road alignments pass through the agricultural land. Most of the terrains have vegetative cover. Agricultural and pastures activities are the major land use characteristic at the project area. The land use of the province also includes mining such as clay mineral (for making cement and refractory bricks), zeolite (for detergents), and basalt stones (used in construction and as decorative stones). 3 Geology and Soils The underlying geological strata in the Ibb governorate are largely volcanic rocks created in the Tertiary and Quaternary Volcanism. Sedimentary processes are particularly active along valleys. Climate Ibb Governorate is characterized by moderate climate during the year. It has a cool continental climate, and is one of the wettest areas of Yemen; typically receiving 800–1200 mm of rain. There is little rain from November to February, but for the rest of the year there is at least 100mm of rain per month. Temperatures are warm, averaging about 30 °C during the day but nights are quite cool. Water Resources Ibb Governorate is considered rich in water. The rain falls during most parts of the year. Yemenis for centuries have been constructing terraces to utilize highlands for cultivation, which are also useful in controlling soil erosion. Field visits to project alignments region, several systems were found for water harvesting; direct discharge to terraces from mountain tops, irrigation system, and water wells. Air Quality and Noise No air quality monitoring data for the project area was found. The air quality in Ibb governorate is considered unique due to its dense vegetation and the highest mountains especially in rural areas. Based on field visit, it was noticed that the air quality along the road is good. Noise: The field survey indicated that the current noise levels along the roads alignments are low and do not exceed 50dB due to relatively low traffic volume and speed as well as lack of noisy activities along the road alignment. Flora The most significant feature in Ibb governorate is the rich vegetation. There are different kinds of flora in the governorate in most part of the sub- project area. The vegetation is used by the residents for their daily uses, for firewood and as rangeland for livestock. The plants species includes acacia, Aloe Sabaea Schweinf , Cadia purpurea, Ficus cordata, etc. None of these species are under protection or threat. Fauna The rich vegetation of the valleys, mountains, and plains of As Saddah, Al Shi'r, Al Odain, An Nadera, Athareb is home to predators such as lions and tigers. Other wild animals include monkeys, rabbits, foxes, reptiles and birds. The most common livestock in the area are goats and sheep, cows, camels and donkeys. Proposed Protected Areas: Annah, Al-Door, and Banna Valleys are three wadis in Ibb governorate, which are proposed to be declared natural protected areas. These areas are characterized by rich biodiversity. Annah and Al- Door valleys are located within Al-Oudain area. Annah valley is away by about 3 km south of Al Oudian center. It is considered one of the largest valleys in Yemen. Likewise, Al-Door Valley is located within Al-Oudain area neighboring Wadi Annah. The two wadis form a series. This valley 4 is considered one of the famous wadis in Yemen. On the other hand, Banna valley is located within As-Saddah district starting from the areas such as, Areab, Qa'a Al-Haql, Amam, Obaha, Bii Alhareth. The water flows from these areas and passes in a winding strait for about 3 km and then goes down into Wadi Banna. The shortest distance from the road alignment to the proposed nature protected areas is 150m. Cultural and Historical Resources Many historical and cultural sites were found near the project area. The most interesting and ancient historical site is Thafar historical City. It is about 500 meters from Thafar crossing. There are many other historical and cultural sites in the governorate such as, Arwa Queen Mosque and some historical spots in Jebla district, Ba'adan Castle, Al-Taqar Castle. Socio-Economic Majority of the local population depends on agricultural revenue and commerce, and external transfer. Agricultural practices are centered around the traditional means of tillage and transportation using animal-drawn (camels, donkeys, and oxen) ploughs. The most important agricultural crops are fruits, vegetables and grains. Other socio —economic activities include intensive livestock and poultry, in most areas of the province where there is arable land, which is used for crops in rainfall seasons and for pastures in non-agricultural seasons. 6. Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment The impact analysis for both the backlog repairs and maintenance works indicates that overall, beneficial impacts of the project on physical resources, safety, job creation and local economic development are expected to outweigh negative impacts. All potentially adverse impacts arising during rehabilitation works could be mitigated satisfactorily. The following potential negative environmental and social impacts were identified:  Generation, storage, disposal of construction and domestic waste  Landslides, soil erosion  Increased level of noise  Deterioration of Agricultural Lands,  Deterioration of air quality  Temporary disruption of traffic circulation and  Temporary disruption of social and economic activities. The project activities that are likely to cause more deterioration of environmental quality and social integrity include generation, storage and disposal of debris and construction waste, trucking of construction materials, earth works, and resurfacing of roads. These activities are predicted to have minor negative impacts on the siltation, soil erosion, slope stability, surface runoff, noise, agricultural land, air quality, habitats changes, vegetation, wild life movement and landscape. 5 Trucking and construction materials are predicted to cause increase of noise levels and vibration, and deterioration of air quality. Road resurfacing is predicted to lead to increase noise levels, deterioration of air quality and reduced safety during the repairs works. Storage of diesel and oil, and refueling of vehicles is expected to cause contamination risk to agricultural land, surface and groundwater, and safety of project workers. The setting up and operation of labor camps may create minor increase of noise levels and deterioration of vegetation and landscape. Since this project does not involve the construction of new roads, the negative impacts associated with resettlement and land acquisition are not expected. Therefore, the maintenance activities will create positive environmental and social impacts. The positive environmental impacts include: reduced soil erosion and siltation of surface water, and improved slope stability and surface runoff. Likewise, the social positive impacts include employing locals in the maintenances activities, easy access to markets to get goods, providing traffic safety. 7. Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures (ESMM) Mitigation measures will eliminate or reduce the negative impacts of the project. The objective of the ESMM is to address the identified negative impacts shown in the screening and scoping impact analyses. All these mitigation measures should be ensured and approved under the terms of reference and contract for construction and supervision, and as necessary by the agreement with communities that will be stated in the SFA. Therefore, the mitigation plans include measures in order to reduce and mitigate the potentially adverse impacts and strengthening the positives ones. The key mitigation measures proposed include: proper management prepared by contractor, temporary storage and safe disposal of construction waste, construction of retaining walls and gabions, water spraying during operations causing dust emissions, control measures for waste fuel, oil and lubricants, reduction of noise and dust levels through restricting working hours and proper maintenance of equipment, rehabilitation of areas used for construction detours and sites used for temporarily storage of construction materials, provision of alternative access to residents and roadside businesses. All costs associated with the mitigation measures for environmental and social impacts should be incorporated into the overall project budget. It is estimated to reach 90,000 USD in addition to items included in the BoQ. 8. Environmental and Social Monitoring The monitoring activities will aim at verifying compliance of project activities with the mitigation measures. It will be the responsibility of the Supervision consultant supported by the environmental and social specialist. Tables A and B present monitoring activities, and specifies monitoring indicators, frequency, responsibilities and costs during the backlog works and repairs phase, and monitoring phase respectively. Monitoring activities will rely primarily on field observations, feedback from stakeholders and other affected people, and documentation of their reactions to the 6 project works and their perception of the adequacy of the mitigation measures. Photographic documentation will be required in the continuous and regular monitoring. The sub-project officer at Road Asset Management Project Implementation Unit (RAMP-IU shall conduct site inspections every 2-6 weeks to monitor the compliance of the project activities, the contractor and the supervising consultant with the applications of all mitigation measures for environmental and social impacts. The expected cost of the monitoring activities is 96,000 USD. The Environmental and Social Specialists within the RAMP are responsible for overall monitoring of the environmental and social issues resulting from the project activities, and review of monthly reports on contractor compliance. The results of the monitoring will be archived in a project dossier for the WB Audit. 9. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) summarizes the findings of the field assessment. It presents the key impacts identified, mitigation measures and monitoring arrangements. It is presented in a tabular format in chapter 7 of this report (see also tables A and B). The objective of this ESMP is to establish a procedural framework and mechanism for implementing and monitoring the environmental and social mitigation measures for the expected negative impacts and to monitor the efficiency of these mitigation measures. The estimated cost of implementing mitigation measures is 94,000 USD. 10. Social Consultations Social consultations were carried out with both male and female members of the local communities present in the project area. Consultation with male beneficiaries from selected local communities along road alignments were carried out from January 2014 to February 2014. One hundred and six sites were selected within the twenty-five roads. A total of 143 beneficiaries from these sites were randomly selected and interviewed. Due to the fact most of the respondents are illiterate; data was collected by face-to-face interviews. The interview started with general talk and a brief explanation about the nature and objectives of the study to gain the trust and confidence of the respondents and to ensure the most reliable responses. During the Social Consultations that were carried out with the local people, most of the locals expressed their willingness to cooperate with the contractor as well as interest to work with the contractor as workers. The locals reiterated the need for road maintenance to improve road safety and reduce damage to agricultural lands resulting from floods and limited number of box culverts. Other comments were related to the need to include local workers in the maintenance works, provision of safety measures at dangerous curves, implementation of works without delays, and removal of random speed bumps. It is worth noting that this round of consultations included representatives from the civil society organizations and women participants. 7 Likewise, consultations with women were carried out in June 2013 by the female consultant through field visits and interviews in different villages along the road alignments. 72 women were interviewed along the project areas. About 75% of the respondents were married and illiterate women. During the consultation process, questionnaires were also used to solicit respondents’ views, concerns, and feedback on the road maintenance activities. The main environmental and social concerns of roads from the point of view of the women are the following:  Lack of beneficiaries’ involvement in the road maintenance activities.  Lack of local authorities’ cooperation in road maintenance activities.  Lack of community awareness of the positive impacts for road maintenance works.  Lack of community awareness of the negative impacts for bad road uses, which represented by: overloading, throwing waste in both sides of the roads especially in the markets, and making illegal bumps.  Lack of supervision by authorities overseeing road safety. The main recommendations received was to put traffic signs at places at school crossings for school children and students as well as at points where women and animals cross to fields and around health centers. They emphasized that it is important to involve beneficiaries in the maintenance activities in order to contribute in poverty reduction as well as ensuring the cooperation of locals. The respondents also recommended setting up a group of residents responsible for traffic control around schools during school time, and to build speed bumps near entrances to villages. 11. Conclusion Backlog Maintenance Works and Repairs Phase, and the Standard Maintenance Phase are associated with some potential negative impacts. Most of them are of a temporary nature and can be mitigated with appropriate measures. The Contractor is responsible for adhering to these mitigation measures and implementing them throughout the duration of his contract in coordination with the supervising consultant and the RAMP. The latter will ensure adequate monitoring. The total expected costs of the mitigation measures and monitoring costs is estimated at 190,000 USD. The monitoring costs include full time social and environmental monitoring specialist, travel and equipment costs. When properly and consistently applied, these measures are expected to minimize the potential impacts to negligible levels. 8 Table A. Environmental and Social Management Plan: Mitigation Measures during backlog works and repairs stage. Additional Cost in USD Responsibility Mitigation Potential Mitigation Monitoring No. Monitoring Monitoring Implementation Measures Impacts measures  Maintaining  Waste Generation, a record of minimizat ion storage, type,  Storage of disposal of quantity, and construction construction disposal waste in and domestic location of locations pre- waste solid and agreed with liquid waste the local generation communities  Site  Waste inspections disposal in  Frequency: designated Twice a locations month for  Avoid each road disposal in under environmenta repairs lly sensitive areas e.g. the streams of Annah, Al- Cost of full Door, and Will be part of time Banna the contract. environmental Valleys Bidders will and social  Waste from be able to cost monitoring Constractor, cleaning of this item in specialists, Supervision rotnCrtnoC blocked 1 their bids. camera and Consultant drainage deptnpx vehicle (96,000 should be rxxiniotrd USD for all disposed at 000111toono monitoring vacant land DSU activities) agreed with the local populations  Coarse and fine waste materials should be used as filling, construction and stabilization material  Handling of liquid waste in sealed containers  Solid and liquid waste management plan 9 Additional Cost in USD Responsibility Mitigation Potential Mitigation Monitoring No. Monitoring Monitoring Implementation Measures Impacts measures Cost of full rotnCrtnoC  Site  Construction Landslides, time inspection and repairs of soil erosion, environmental and retaining walls and Visual and social photographic  Restoration of intrusion monitoring documentati riprap and specialists, on of stone pitching camera and excavation  Provision of vehicle. and open area ~1m maintenance wide, behind activities cut side  Photographic channels, to Will be part of documentati store the contract. on of temporarily Bidders will planting and Supervision fallen debris be able to cost 2 Consultant re-vegetation  Increase the this item in activities mass thickness their bids.  Frequency: of rock fill for Once a week additional for each stability road under  Restoration of repairs drainage systems  Planting trees in sensitive zones  Restoration of vegetative cover  Visual  Usage of well- Deterioration observation maintained of air quality and equipment photographic  Using good documentati quality fuel to on of reduce exhaust equipment emissions. Cost of full induced  Water spraying Will be part of emissions for dust time the works and dust control environmental contract. clouds from  Cleaning and social Supervision of Expected rotnCrtnoC works and 3 monitoring Consultant vehicle tires additional specialists, trucks  Covering of costs: 10,000  Frequency: camera and trucks carrying USD Once a week fine grade vehicle. for each construction road under materials repairs  Avoiding earthworks near schools during the school hours. 10 Additional Cost in USD Responsibility Mitigation Potential Mitigation Monitoring No. Monitoring Monitoring Implementation Measures Impacts measures Cost of full Will be part of Supervision  Site  Usage of Increased time the contract. Consultant in supervision, quiet/well- level of environmental Bidders will coordination inspection maintained noise and social be able to cost with the and equipment monitoring this item in Contractor documentati  Limiting specialists, their bids. on to ensure noisy camera and Expected the activities to vehicle. additional implementati normal cost: 5,000 on of daylight USD mitigation hours measures  Provision of  Frequency: speed limit Once a week signs at for each critical road under locations Contractor repairs  Informing 4 local population about noisy road works  Obtain permits for siting and operation of any new quarrying or borrow pit areas  Planting trees in sensitive zones Cost of full Expected cost Supervision Contractor in  Close  Protecting Disruption time 20,000 USD. Consultant in coordination with supervision water supply of water environmental coordination Supervision and systems supply and social with the Engineer documentati during works monitoring Contractor on of pipe  Fixing the specialists, re-location damaged camera and activities riprap after vehicle.  Monitoring compacting any the top soil interruptions along the of water eroded side 5 supplies to ditches local  Coordination communities with land caused by owners on project scheduling works maintenance  Frequency: activities Once a week  Ensuring no for each interruption of road under water supply repairs during works. 11 Additional Cost in USD Responsibility Mitigation Potential Mitigation Monitoring No. Monitoring Monitoring Implementation Measures Impacts measures Cost of full Will be part of Supervision Contractor in  Site  Proper side Disruption time the contract. Consultant coordination with inspection sloping of the of the runoff environmental Bidders will Supervision and photo road to water and and social be able to cost Engineer documentati prevent the drainage monitoring this item in on of water accumulation systems specialists, their bids. harvesting of water on camera and Additional activities the road vehicle. cost and re- surface (revegetation): vegetation  Re-vegetation 7,000 USD activities of disturbed  Checking on soils culverts  Keeping the 6 particularly drainage following ditches and rainfall culverts events unblocked  Frequency: Twice a month during the rainy season for each road Cost of full Will be part of Supervision Contractor in  Monitoring  Storage of Deterioration time the works Consultant coordination with water quality liquid of environmental contract. Supervision of the materials groundwater monitoring Bidders will Engineer groundwater (especially quality specialist, be able to cost wells hydrocarbons camera and this item in  Monitoring ) in sealed vehicle. their bids. of fuel and containers. Expected oil handling  Application additional and storage. of liquid fuels costs:  Frequency: and oils in 20,000 USD Once every sealed and (incl. water 7 month for paved areas sampling and each road with sump. analysis) under  Refueling in repairs sealed locations  Development and implementati on of Waste management plan. 12 Additional Cost in USD Responsibility Mitigation Potential Mitigation Monitoring No. Monitoring Monitoring Implementation Measures Impacts measures Cost of full Will be part of Supervision Contractor in  Site  Placing speed Damage to time the works Consultant coordination with inspection limit signs fauna, flora environmental contract. Supervision and and planting and the monitoring Expected Engineer photographic trees at proposed specialist, additional documentati critical protected camera and costs: 10,000 on of the locations and areas vehicle. USD condition of known animal culverts crossing  Monitoring pathways of re-  Road works planting to be activities conducted  Checking outside of the records of birds spillages and spawning and animal nesting killings season  Frequency:  Waste and Once every spoil cannot two weeks be dumped for each near sensitive road under areas (Al- repairs Door and Bana valleys) 8  Keeping culverts unblocked to facilitate amphibians crossing  Spraying of water to reduce dust emissions during road works  Restoring affected land along the road alignment to the preconstructi on status  Preventing leakages of fuel Cost of full Will be part Supervision Contractor in  Site  Informing the Disruption time of the Consultant coordination with inspection public about of traffic environmental contract. Supervision and schedule of and social Bidders will Engineer photographic repair and monitoring be able to cost documentati maintenance 9 specialists, this item in on works camera and their bids.  Frequency:  Provision of vehicle. Additional Weekly temporary costs: 2,000 13 Additional Cost in USD Responsibility Mitigation Potential Mitigation Monitoring No. Monitoring Monitoring Implementation Measures Impacts measures USD (including alternative photo access roads/ evidence) for by-passes each road  On the spot under traffic repairs management Cost of full Will be part Supervision Contractor  Inspection  Provision and Deterioration time of the Consultant and photo use of of health & environmental contract. evidence personal safety and social Bidders will  Maintaining protective conditions monitoring be able to cost records of equipment to specialists, this item in injuries and workers camera and their bids. accidents  Installing vehicle. with cause construction and location and warning  Frequency: signs Weekly for  Retaining 10 each road walls and under gabions to repairs prevent landslides  Speed limit bumps in settlements  Installing barriers in sharp curves Cost of full Part of the Supervision Contractor in  Site  Do not block Urtrep no time contract. Consultant coordination with inspection/ access to t dn Crd rtx environmental Bidders will Supervision supervision cultural and ionoCitrd and social be able to cost Engineer and religious sites, oinpo monitoring this item in photographic wherever specialists, their bids. documentation possible camera and of cultural  Use of manual vehicle. and historical equipment sites. when working 11  Frequency: next to Monthly for cultural, each road religious or under repairs historical sites  Mark graves by sign posts and notify workers about them 14 Additional Cost in USD Responsibility Mitigation Potential Mitigation Monitoring No. Monitoring Monitoring Implementation Measures Impacts measures Cost of full Will be part Supervision Contractor in  Site  Coordinating Social time social of the Consultant coordination with inspection with the Impacts monitoring contract. Supervision and public specialist, Bidders will Engineer documentati schedule of camera and be able to cost on of maintenance vehicle. this item in community activities in their bids. activities residential Expected along roads. areas additional  Inspections  Employ local cost: 5,000 of worker workers USD camps  Provide  Frequency: alternative Bi-weekly access for each roads/by- 12 road under passes repairs  Traffic management  Workers’ camps have to be located away from settlements  Camps must be equipped with sealed septic tanks and waste containers. USD 94,000 Expected additional mitigation costs: USD 96,000 Expected monitoring costs: USD 190,000 Total expected costs of ESMP: Table B: Summary of ESMP during the Maintenance Phase Additional Cost in USD Responsibility Mitigation Potential Mitigation Monitoring No. Monitoring Monitoring Implementation Measures Impacts measures  Maintaining  Waste Generation, a record of minimizat ion storage, type,  Storage of disposal of quantity, and construction construction disposal waste in and domestic Cost of part waste location of locations pre- time solid and agreed with the environmental Will be part Constractor, liquid waste local and social of the Supervision rotnCrtnoC generation communities 1 monitoring contract. Consultant  Site  Avoid disposal specialists, inspections in camera and vehicle  Frequency: environmentally Once a sensitive areas month for e.g. the streams each road of Annah, Al- under Door, and Banna maintenance Valleys 15 Additional Cost in USD Responsibility Mitigation Potential Mitigation Monitoring No. Monitoring Monitoring Implementation Measures Impacts measures  Waste from cleaning of blocked drainage should be disposed at vacant land agreed with the local populations  Waste disposal in designated locations  Handling of liquid waste in sealed containers  Site  Repairs of Landslides, inspection retaining walls soil erosion, and  Restoration of and Visual photographic riprap and stone intrusion documentati pitching on of  Cleaning and Cost of part maintenance repairs of time activities drainage systems environmental Will be part  Photographic  Restoration of and social Supervision of the rotnCrtnoC documentati vegetative cover 2 monitoring Consultant contract. on of specialists, planting and camera and re-vegetation vehicle. activities  Frequency: Once a month for roads under maintenance  Visual  Usage of well- Deterioration observation maintained of air quality and equipment photographic  Water spraying documentati for dust control Cost of part on of  Using good time equipment quality fuel to environmental Will be part induced reduce exhaust and social of the works Supervision emissions emissions. rotnCrtnoC 3 monitoring contract. Consultant and dust  Clearning vehicle specialists, clouds from tires camera and works and  Covering of vehicle. trucks trucks carrying  Frequency: fine grade Once a construction month for materials roads under maintenance 16 Additional Cost in USD Responsibility Mitigation Potential Mitigation Monitoring No. Monitoring Monitoring Implementation Measures Impacts measures Cost of part Will be part Supervision  Site and  Usage of Increased time of the Consultant in documents quiet/well- level of environmental contract. inspections maintained noise and social  Frequency: equipment monitoring Once a  Informing local specialists, month for population about camera and each road noisy road vehicle. under works Contractor 4 maintenance  Limiting noisy activities to normal daylight hours  Provision of speed limit signs at critical locations Cost of part None Supervision Contractor in  Monitoring  Protecting water Disruption time Consultant in coordination with any supply systems of water environmental coordination Supervision interruptions during works supply and social with the Engineer of water  Coordination monitoring Contractor supplies to with land owners specialists, locals on scheduling camera and caused by maintenance vehicle. project activities 5 works  Ensuring no  Frequency: interruption of Once a water supply month for during works. each road under maintenance Cost of part Will be part Supervision Contractor in  Checking on  Keeping the Disruption time of the Consultant coordination with culverts drainage ditches of the runoff environmental contract. Supervision particularly and culverts water and and social Engineer following unblocked drainage monitoring rainfall systems specialists, events camera and  Frequency: vehicle. 6 Once a month during the rainy season for each road under mainteance Cost of part Will be part Supervision Contractor in  Monitoring  Storage of liquid Deterioration time of the works Consultant coordination with of fuel and materials of environmental contract. Supervision oil handling (especially groundwater monitoring Engineer and storage. hydrocarbons) in quality specialist,  Frequency: sealed 7 camera and Once a containers. vehicle. month for  Application of each road liquid fuels and under oils in sealed maintanance areas with sump. 17 Additional Cost in USD Responsibility Mitigation Potential Mitigation Monitoring No. Monitoring Monitoring Implementation Measures Impacts measures  Refueling in sealed locations Cost of part Will be part Supervision Contractor in  Site  Keeping culverts Damage to time of the works Consultant coordination with inspection unblocked to fauna, flora environmental contract. Supervision and facilitate and the monitoring Engineer photographic amphibians proposed specialist, documentati crossing protected camera and on of the  Preventing areas vehicle. condition of leakages of fuel culverts  Road works  Checking should be records of conducted 8 spillages and outside of the animal birds spawning killings and nesting  Frequency: season Once a  Waste and spoil month for cannot be each road dumped near under sensitive areas maintenance (Al-Door and Bana valleys) Cost of part Will be part Supervision Contractor in  Site  Informing the Disruption time of the Consultant coordination with supervision- public about of traffic environmental contract Supervision inspection schedule of and social Engineer and maintenance monitoring photographi works specialists, c  On the spot camera and documentati traffic 9 vehicle. on management  Frequency: Monthly for each road under maintenance Cost of part Will be part Supervision Contractor  Inspection  Provision and Deterioration time of the Consultant and photo use of personal of health & environmental contract. evidence protective safety and social  Frequency: equipment to conditions monitoring Once every workers specialists, month for  Installing camera and each road construction and vehicle. under warning signs maintenance near markets, 10 schools, health centres, pastures, firewood sites  Removal of random speed bumps  Maintaining 18 Additional Cost in USD Responsibility Mitigation Potential Mitigation Monitoring No. Monitoring Monitoring Implementation Measures Impacts measures barriers in sharp curves and along steep slopes Cost of ful Part of the Supervision Contractor in  Site  Do not block Urtrep no time contract. Consultant coordination with inspection access to cultural t dn Crd rtx environmental Supervision and and religious ionoCitrd and social Engineer photographic sites, wherever oinpo monitoring documentation possible specialists, .  Use of manual 11 camera and  Frequency: equipment when vehicle. Monthly for working next to a each road cultural or under religious and maintenance historical sites. Cost of part Will be part Supervision Contractor in  Site  Coordinating Social time social of the Consultant coordination with inspection with the public Impacts monitoring contract. Supervision and the schedule of specialist, Engineer documentati maintenance camera and on of activities in vehicle. community residential areas activities  Awareness along roads. workshop on  Frequency: road 12 Once a maintenance month for  Traffic each road management under  Camps must be maintenance equipped with sealed septic tanks and waste containers. 19