GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 1 Gender Action Plan 2016-2021 Fall 2016 Consultative Group Meeting GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 3 Why a Gender Action Plan? GFDRR is bolstering both its increase the vulnerability of men in sector. GFDRR aims to ensure that commitment to and capacity for disaster situations. For example, many DRM investments go beyond “gender integrating gender issues into its survivors of the 2004 tsunami in screening” towards specific actions climate and disaster risk management Aceh, Indonesia were fishermen who and outcomes that both address efforts. GFDRR’s gender strategy is an survived at sea or male farmers in the the gender dimensions of DRM and overarching plan that emerges from and hills above the high waterline. In the empower women for broader resilience is driven by the Inclusive Community town of Lamteungoh, there were 105 strengthening. The Gender Action Resilience (ICR) program but is applied widowers and 19 widows, and the men Plan will establish a clear baseline of across the GFDRR portfolio. The plan were left grappling with unfamiliar where DRM investments and GFDRR addresses two critical aspects of gender roles and dependent on one another to stand on gender issues, identify gaps, and Disaster Risk Management (DRM): care for children in communal style. and provide a measurable pathway (i) understanding and addressing the to achieving the goals of the gender Research has also identified women’s different needs of men and women in strategy. empowerment as an important DRM investments; and, (ii) promoting approach to building broader In developing this Gender Action women’s empowerment for broader community resilience. The ICR program Plan, GFDRR also leverages the resilience strengthening. documented a number of cases where momentum of the 2015-23 World Understanding the different needs grassroots women have led the charge Bank Group Gender Strategy2 and its and capacities of women and men to strengthen community resilience.1 In extensive evidence base. The new is critical to effective DRM. Women Uganda, the Slum Women’s Initiative WBG Strategy builds on the evidence typically outnumber men among those for Development (SWID) negotiated base and conceptual framework of the dying from natural disasters, often with local authorities for small plots World Development Report 2012: Gender because of cultural and behavioral of land to teach communities to grow Equality and Development,3 and was restrictions on women’s mobility fruits and vegetables using sustainable consulted with over 1,000 stakeholders and socially ascribed roles and farming techniques which would assure in 22 countries. It aims to move the responsibilities (e.g. caring for young, them higher yields so that they could Bank’s development work beyond gender elderly or sick household members). feed their families and sell the surplus. mainstreaming to outcomes and results. However, this gap in vulnerability is Through their success, women have It also identifies climate change and not inevitable. In Bangladesh, when increased food security and persuaded disaster risk management as emerging Cyclone Gorky hit in 1991, women men to move away from renting their areas that require additional attention outnumbered men by 14:1 among lands for sugarcane farming as it and calls for bringing a gender lens to those dying as a result of cyclone- undermines the natural resource base. resilience and developing gender-smart induced flooding. When Cyclone solutions to climate change. GFDRR’s Gender Action Plan Sidr hit in 2007, the gender gap in accompanies the World Bank mortality rates had shrunk to 5:1 by Group’s new Gender Strategy, and 2 See World Bank Group Gender Strategy specifically addressing the cultural 2016-2023 at http://www-wds.worldbank. operationalizes it for GFDRR’s reasons why women were reluctant org/external/default/WDSContentServer/ activities and the WBG’s DRM WDSP/IB/2016/02/2 3/090224b0841a38 to use cyclone shelters. While women 2c/3_0/Rendered/PDF/ are often more adversely affected by 3 See World Development Report 2012 on disasters due to overall lower access See Community-Led Partnerships for Disas- 1 Gender Equality and Development at https:// ter and Climate Resilience, 2015.Available siteresources.worldbank. org/INTWDR2012/ to assets, services and voice, gender at https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/ Resources/7778105-1299699968583/ identities and gender norms can also publication/Community_led_partnership_ 7786210-1315936222006/Complete-Report. JUNE24.pdf pdf 4 / Gender Action Plan What does this mean for disaster and climate risk management? The WDR 2012 defines gender as Figure 1. Conceptual Framework the social, behavioral and cultural attributes, expectations, and norms associated with being male or female. The conceptual framework for analyzing gender focuses on three domains of gender equality: endowments, particularly health, education, and social protection; economic opportunity, defined as participation in economic activities and access to productive assets; and voice and agency, understood as freedom from violence, and the ability to participate in decision-making and influence political processes and governance mechanisms. Table 1 applies this conceptual Source: Adapted form the 2012 World Development Report (World Bank 2011) framework to disaster and climate risk management, and identifies potential post-disaster context, access to social voice and agency; it can prevent women areas of intervention. safety nets helps women get back on and girls from accessing shelters during their feet quicker, their health and an emergency, and hamper their ability The three pillars are strongly education contribute to their ability to to access aid and other resources during interconnected. Health and education participate in economic opportunities recovery and reconstruction. Using this contribute to women’s ability to take and access key productive assets and to framework, GFDRR’s Gender Action advantage of economic opportunities exercise their voice and agency in the Plan will promote gender equity and and to their capacity to exercise reconstruction process. Gender-based women’s empowerment for broader voice and agency. For example, in the violence is a constraint to women’s resilience strengthening. GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 5 Table 1. Gender and Disaster and Climate Risk Management DRM/gender interface Potential applications to DRM Endowments: Women typically face greater mortality, health risks, Health—Closing health gaps between men and and domestic and sexual violence in hazard events women to strengthen household resilience; providing Health, education, adequate access to sexual and reproductive health social protection Education is an indicator of adaptive capacity; the services after-disasters; and adequate access to DRM profession is male-dominated in most countries gender-targeted mental health and counseling services which can result in a lack of access for women to risk (for men and women) information, early warning Education—Breaking down gender stereotypes and Women may have less access to social protection reducing skill gaps by increasing girl’s enrollment in (safety nets, insurance, etc.) science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) with an emphasis in DRM-related fields, usually male-dominated—need to reduce occupational sex- segregation Increasing access to information and participation in risk management and early warning systems Social protection—Promoting women’s economic empowerment in social safety net interventions; ensuring equitable access to relief and recovery resources Economic Informal sector not captured, where women are Women’s economic empowerment is key to resilience— opportunities: predominantly found; women often perform removing constraints to economic activities and unremunerated work that does not get captured or increasing women’s participation in income-earning Participation in compensated in post-disaster needs assessments opportunities and access to productive assets in pre- economic activities and post-disaster context and access to and Women often have less access to credit and savings to control over key absorb shocks Need to better capture gender disaggregated and productive assets losses in post-disaster assessments Women’s burden increases (caring for injured, children, elders) after disasters; often expected to do Reducing gaps in access to productive assets, notably unremunerated work in recovery land (individual control/ownership of land and female access to community-owned land), housing and Women lack access to relief and recovery resources, technology property and inheritance rights are not adequately recognized or understood to protect women’s assets Register land and housing built in in recovery process in woman’s name, or joint names Women are often referred to as an homogeneous group but are stratified by race, ethnicity, disability, sexual identity, as well as by their socio-economic status, their geographic location and migration status Agency: Gender-based violence (GBV) increases in many post- Protection of safety and human rights in DRM for disaster contexts women and children, including sensitivity and Freedom from attention to multiple forms of social marginalization violence; the ability Evidence that women contribute to greater resilience (age, disability, etc.) to have voice when empowered and put in decision making positions and influence in Enhancing women’s role in building broader resilience; governance and fostering women’s participation in policy formulation political processes processes—need for women in decision making positions; promoting more partnerships of women with governments 6 / Gender Action Plan Where are we? Progress and gaps Since 2009, GFDRR has increasingly include a gender focus. Gender and barriers to ownership of assets, 74% underscored in its strategic DRM trainings were also piloted on a seek to empower women and 37% documents the importance of one-off basis to DRM staff in the East enhance women’s voice and agency. integrating gender dimensions into Asia and Pacific and Latin America and The review was not able to capture its activities as a core operating Caribbean regions. In parallel, early information related to project outcomes principle. In the 2009-2012 engagement with the GROOTS network and impacts, as most of the projects had partnership strategy, GFDRR committed through the 2011 South-South grant and not been implemented for a sufficient to integrate gender into national DRM collaboration with this and other civil amount of time to show results at the strategies and supporting programs society networks through the Pilot Civil outcome or impact level. targeting women and children. The Society Strategy (2012–2014), helped to advance the dialogue on gender and GFDRR has also recently taken subsequent 2013-2015 strategy also underscored this need for a stronger women’s leadership within the GFDRR some important steps to improve effort to address gender dimensions partnership. its monitoring and reporting on throughout GFDRR-supported projects. gender aspects across the portfolio. Operationally, a review of World Bank Beginning in FY15, implementing Notably, in 2013 with the support of its DRM activities4 show an improvement teams have been requested to indicate Consultative Group, GFDRR adopted over the past few years in terms of in project proposals whether the an annual work planning process that, considering gender. Of 368 WB lending project supports gender equality for the first time, allocated dedicated projects with DRM components or DRM aspects. This tagging of proposals resources to support mainstreaming co-benefits (see annex 3) approved with a gender marker, however, is of gender-sensitive approaches into between FY2012-2015, 74% are “gender done on a voluntary basis by the task projects. informed.”5 Of these, 48% go further to team leader (TTL), and not always Additionally, GFDRR has provided include specific “gender actions.” Since followed up in the later project phases. support to a number of analytical FY12, gender integration within DRM While some TTLs may be aware of and knowledge-sharing initiatives lending operations has increased from the potential gender dimensions of to strengthen the evidence base and 59% of the annual portfolio to 82% specific DRM investments, others may promote policy dialogue on gender in FY15. Of the 179 projects approved be less so and in need of inputs from and DRM. For example, in 2011, between FY12-15 that were consider a gender specialist to consider these GFDRR supported the development to have gender actions or be gender dimensions. Additionally, there may of a series of Guidance Notes focused informed, 23% seek to improve women’s not be much incentive for a TTL to tag on integrating gender considerations a project with the gender marker, as it 4 GFDRR’s activities are guided by its Annual into DRM programs in the East Asia would then imply adjusting the project Work Plan, endorsed by the Consultative and Pacific Region. The notes offered Group (CG). The Work Plan presents a design and monitoring the impacts on practical tools to governments and pathway for GFDRR to scale up efforts to meet the demand of developing countries for gender equity. implementing partners to mainstream enhanced resilience in the face of growing gender into DRM projects, and help hazards from and exposure to natural disas- Since the rollout of the new system, ters and climate change. The latest work plan project teams design and implement is available at www.gfdrr.org. 100% of GFDRR funded projects have gender dimensions into DRM work 5 Operations are considered to be “gender been screened for the gender cross- across the Region. In response to the informed” if a gender analysis or gender cutting theme. Of these projects, 21% impact was either taken into consideration Haiti earthquake, GFDRR prepared a during project design or mentioned as an ex- are “gender informed” and 12% include short guidance note for the government pected outcome. Operations are considered actions to address gender aspects. to have “gender actions” when analyzed as and responding team to address being “gender informed” while additionally Under the FY17-19 GFDRR Work Plan, gender in the response and recovery having specific components/activities that 53% of proposed projects are expected seek to minimize mentioned gender gaps phase. See annex 1 for a full list of relevant to the project’s development objec- to undertake specific actions to address GFDRR-supported publications that tive(s). gender dimensions. GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 7 More work is needed to ensure that In summary, GFDRR has increasingly roles is to leverage larger development all relevant GFDRR activities consider strengthened is policy statements investments, a clearer understanding the gender dimension of DRM, and on gender and DRM. And while it of the specific gaps and opportunities that these aspects are monitored has also supported some key pilots that GFDRR could address and promote and evaluated for impact on gender and analytical work to support within larger development investments equity. Currently, indicators to monitor these policies and strategies, these in relation to gender and disaster risk and report on gender outcomes are have been undertaken in an ad hoc management would be beneficial. not yet embedded within GFDRR’s fashion. What has been lacking is a program logic as well as its monitoring review of global experience to better and evaluation framework. Broader inform GFDRR policies and strategies, gender integration across the portfolio, and a comprehensive strategy to therefore, is still a work in progress strengthen the awareness and capacity and efforts to expand engagement and of government partners and operational investment in this area are ongoing.6 staff to understand and address the For more information, see: https://www. 6 gender aspects of DRM investments. gfdrr.org/inclusive-community-resilience In addition, since one of GFDRR’s key 8 / Gender Action Plan Where do we want to be in five years and how will we get there? Based on the learning accumulated through the implementation of the BOX 1. ICR STRATEGY, 2015-2017 pilot CSO strategy (2012-2014), the CG endorsed the Inclusive Community Objective 1 Integrate civil society, citizen engagement, gender, women’s Resilience strategy at the fall CG of 2014, empowerment, and social inclusion mechanisms into GFDRR’s portfolio which provides the foundation for a Action Promote broader civil society, citizen engagement, gender, women’s more comprehensive approach. The ICR empowerment, and social inclusion mechanisms into GFDRR’s portfolio program document lays out the ICR work to ensure that DRM efforts are responsive to community priorities and to plan endorsed by its Technical Advisory improve development impact. Group in 2015, and indicates expected Results 1.1 Technical assistance provided to GFDRR projects to integrate results of the gender integration efforts civil society, citizen engagement, and gender/women’s empowerment throughout the GFDRR portfolio of elements activities (see Box 1). 1.2 Progress monitored and reported following GFDRR’s Monitoring and As mentioned, the GAP will be Evaluation (M&E) Framework implemented across GFDRR’s portfolio. The ICR program functions both as a thematic initiative integrating disaster and climate resilience into “non-DRM” and innovation, and (ii) Programming, empowerment being generated areas of development work that focus Analytics and Advisory Services. throughout other ICR-supported on households and communities, in research. Highlight any innovations addition to a cross-cutting theme (i) Knowledge, Learning and and emerging developments in this throughout GFDRR country programs Innovation area. to integrate gender, social inclusion and citizen engagement into DRM Undertake training and other u Make resources available to task u activities. The GAP will also be aligned professional development activities teams for just-in-time, specialized with the World Bank’s broader policies, to increase the capacity of GFDRR capacity-building or advice to help approaches, strategies and mechanisms staff, partners and governments to them address specific gender-related for gender integration and women’s identify, analyse and incorporate DRM issues. The design of this just- empowerment. gender and women’s empowerment in-time mechanism will be based elements into its portfolio activities. on lessons learned from the Climate Planned Activities This includes developing a module Change Rapid Response Window for DRM staff to be included in on setting up eligibility criteria, The specific objective of the GAP is orientation curricula, a module level of maximum funding, and to develop and implement a more for social development specialists best practices setting up feed-back systematic and results-focused that may not be familiar with DRM/ mechanisms for impact assessment. approach to the analysis, design, and CCA contexts or concepts, and Increase the number of GFDRR u monitoring and evaluation of the modules specific to the Social Impact investments specifically focused integration of gender and women’s Assessment and Post-Disasters Needs on women’s empowerment. For empowerment within the GFDRR’s DRM Assessments (PDNA) processes. examples of such investments under policies, programs, projects, analytics and advisory services. This objective Support the generation and u development, see Box 2. will be achieved through a number of dissemination of best practices, targeted interventions focused on two evidence and results of effective key areas: (i) Knowledge, Learning gender integration and women’s GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 9 (ii) Programming, Analytics and Advisory Services BOX 2. EXAMPLES OF GFDRR INVESTMENTS FOCUSED ON Identify and put in place an easily u WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT accessed pool of expertise in gender Strengthening community resilience, with a focus on gender-based and DRM/CCA to provide technical violence. In Somalia, GFDRR is seeking to increase the resilience of advice to GFDRR staff, partners and vulnerable populations to multiple risks through improved livelihoods and client governments. This will include economic opportunities, targeting support towards women. The project will partnerships with institutions work to improve gender-based violence prevention and response services, having a recognized performance and will pilot an innovative economic and social empowerment model that record in gender and DRM/CCA. aims to increase women’s access to and control over economic resources and Specific attention also will be given social networks. Additionally, the project will test a range of interventions to the identification and training of to improve women’s agency and decision-making power, thereby reducing specialists who can be mobilized to vulnerability to violence within or outside the home, and ultimately participate in the specific context of improving socio-economic resilience to external shocks. post-disaster needs assessments. Community-Based Disaster Risk Mapping: In the Philippines, GFDRR Introduce tools and mechanisms u is supporting communities targeted by National Community Driven to strengthen the process for Development (NCCD) to conduct participatory disaster risk mapping to developing and screening proposed inform the design and implementation of community sub-projects, improving investments to ensure that they sub-project quality and community resilience to disasters. The NCCD is a adequately comply with the intent pillar of the Government of the Philippines’ National Poverty Reduction of the World Bank’s gender policies Strategy and is implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and and performance indicators, Development (DSWD). It aims to empower communities in 847 targeted i.e. systematic and effective municipalities to achieve improved access to services and to participate in gender integration and women’s more inclusive local governance. empowerment. Catalyzing Community-Public Partnerships for Inclusive DRM: This Identify specific needs and u project will build technical capacity and political-will for practical, initiatives to support client collaborative initiatives enabling DRM Agencies to partner with grassroots governments to more effectively women community organizations to reduce risks, facilitate resilience generate gender-disaggregated data building activities, and engage disaster struck communities in recovery and and analysis for PDNAs. reconstruction. Working with civil society and government partners, the activities focus on transferring institutional support for context-appropriate Expected Results public-community partnership activities that accelerate risk reduction and Overall expected results of the GAP are: recovery programs, through the leadership of women’s groups, in rural and urban poor settlements in Central America and South Asia; and, establishing Increased capacity of trained u regional and national agreements to cooperate with community based personnel to identify, analyze and organizations and local authorities to facilitate South - South exchanges and incorporate gender elements into training processes that transfer and adapt good practices in inclusive, multi- GFDRR’s investment portfolio; stakeholder disaster risk reduction. Mechanisms and practices in place u to improve the quality of gender analysis; and, gender-informed and to ensure that empowerment related to disaster Physical targets related to actual u 50% of the GFDRR active portfolio and climate risk management. improvements in integration of incorporate specific actions to gender in activity design and Monitoring and evaluation u address gender aspects. mechanisms and indicators in place implementation and its assessment during activity screening – including Increased investments in specific u that accurately capture the results of having the GFDRR portfolio be 100% activities focused on women’s interventions in programs/projects. 10 / Gender Action Plan How will we know we’ve arrived/on our way? Performance indicators will be Improving GFDRR portfolio u through GFDRR’s annual report developed that are aligned with performance: Once appropriate and can include: (i) quantitative GFDRR’s ICR strategy, which is broadly mechanisms are in place,GFDRR indicators and targets (e.g. aligned with the GFDRR’s overall will track gender inclusion across outcomes disaggregated by sex, as M&E framework. These performance its portfolio, measuring the appropriate), which will serve as indicators will also be aligned with the achievement of expected results, prima facie measures of progress World Bank’s indicators for collecting outcomes, and out-puts. The target is in gender mainstreaming, and and monitoring projects along three to ensure that the portfolio is 100% (ii) qualitative analysis of what’s dimensions of gender (gender analysis gender-informed (i.e., not just tagged working and what’s not, with a view and/or consultation on gender-related for the gender theme),working of capturing best practices and issues; pro-active gender-sensitive through two main avenues: (i) showcasing the impact of specific project design; M&E of gender impacts). improving understanding of how interventions on outcomes. to effectively engender activities During FY17, a proposal on the The two monitoring elements through dedicated re-sources, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are complementary, and will be building capacity,and strengthening arrangements will be developed and implemented in parallel. It is expected the body of analytical work and consulted with GFDRR stakeholders. that as GFDRR increases support tools to help implementing teams The proposal will outline the M&E to task teams to better understand effectively engender their activities. approach necessary to ensure effective ways to engender their activities, the implementation of the action plan, and Improving GFDRR reporting: u performance of the portfolio, measured will provide performance targets to allow Specific indicators to track gender through indicators embedded in periodic monitoring of progress towards outcomes across the portfolio will GFDRR’s reporting mechanisms, is meeting the Plan’s overarching goals. be developed and embedded within expected to improve. Similarly, efforts The periodic monitoring and reporting GFDRR’s existing monitoring and to improve the measurement and will also contribute to the Plan’s smooth evaluation systems. The target is reporting of outcomes will help guide implementation and allow the replication to ensure that 50% of the projects the approaches taken to build capacity and scaling up of the most succesful in the active portfolio incorporate and develop analytical work. initiatives. Specific elements of the specific actions to address gender monitoring plan will include: inequality. Progress will be captured GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 11 Next Steps The development of the Gender Action With the Gender Action Plan endorsed In parallel, an approach will be Plan benefited from consultations with a by the April 2016 Consultative Group, developed to monitor and evaluate number of internal and external gender the plan will be taken forward in the progress of the implementation of the experts and CSO partners. Stakeholders following way: Activities described in Gender Action Plan and the integration consulted include members of the the sections on Knowledge, Learning of gender into GFDRR’s portfolio. As ICR Technical Advisory Group and the and Innovation; and, Programming, the M&E approach and indicators will broader Consultative Group; and, within Analytics, and Advisory Services will need to be fully integrated into GFDRR’s the World Bank, the Gender CCSA, be developed and rolled out within the overall M&E framework, it will be Climate Change CCSA, GSURR Social first one-to-three years of the plan’s developed and updated in coordination Development Specialists, DRM Regional implementation. with the revision process for GFDRR’s Coordinators and DRM specialists, M&E framework. among others. 12 / Gender Action Plan Annex 1: List of key gender-themed publications supported by GFDRR and the World Bank Ahmad, Nilufar. 2012. Gender and marginalized groups will increase social gender-mainstreaming efforts in rural climate change in Bangladesh: The resilience overall, and states that it development and climate change role of institutions in reducing gender is necessary “go beyond consulting adaptation projects. Recommendations gaps in adaptation program. Social with communities to build meaningful include specifically targeting women development papers; no. 126. Social partnerships between communities and and their specific needs through climate inclusion. Washington, DC: World their governments.” Like many other projects; considering that adaptation Bank. documents on gender and DRM, it points strategies proposed by women tend to out that disaster recovery provides an be more individual, small-scale, low- This study, from 2010-2011, analyzed opportunity to reduce gender inequality. cost and low-impact, whereas strategies the gender dimension of climate proposed by men are often larger- change and the role of institutions in Arnold, Margaret. 2010. Helping scale, more capital intensive and more reducing gender gaps in Bangladesh. women and children to recover and technically complex; and development The study also provides suggestions for build resilient communities. World and government agencies should reducing the vulnerability of women Bank, Washington, DC. promote activities and projects that to climate change-related hazards. The This short guidance note was prepared aim to reduce the workload of women, study provides an overview of climate change and the gender and institutional for the government of Haiti and the rather than simply offering more context; key study findings (site- and agencies involved in the response and trainings and project related tasks; household-specific vulnerabilities recovery of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. and investing in women can lead to and a description of institutional It lays out key principles and approaches beneficial and cost-effective outcomes. challenges and gaps in supporting to supporting the recovery of women Gennari, Floriza; Arango, Diana; the resilience of women and men); in the immediate, medium, and longer Hidalgo, Nidia; McCleary-Sills, examples of adaptation programs in term recovery phases, including: ensure Jennifer. 2015. Violence against Bangladesh; and recommendations for that relief and recovery interventions women and girls resource guide: enhancing gender-responsive adaptive protect the safety and human rights of Disaster risk management brief. capacity in Bangladesh. Examples of all; assess and understand the different Washington, DC; World Bank Group. activities include the construction needs of women, girls, boys and men for and rehabilitation of gender friendly, recovery, including the indirect economic This document focuses on the multipurpose cyclone shelters in the impacts women typically suffer from prevalence of violence against women coastal areas through the Emergency being in the informal economy; establish in post-disaster scenarios, with 2007 Cyclone Recovery Project. specific monitoring mechanisms (e.g., attention paid to possible interventions Continuous Social Impact Assessments) to reduce gender-based violence. It Arnold, Margaret, and De Cosmo, to ensure that women and children notes that violence against women can Sergio. 2015. Building social can access recovery resources; and prevent them from seeking shelter and resilience: Protecting and empowering fostering grassroots women as leaders in aid, increasing their susceptibility to those most at risk. Global Facility for community recovery. injury and reducing their ability to fully Disaster Reduction and Recovery. recover from the losses of disaster. The Washington DC: World Bank. Ashwill, Maximillian; Blomqvist, document then outlines the steps to Morten; Salinas, Silvia; Ugaz- This document highlights the benefits integration of a gender-based violence Simonsen, Kira. 2011. Gender of increasing the role of women component into DRM in preparedness dynamics and climate change in rural (and other marginalized groups) in stages as well as post-disaster Bolivia. Washington, DC: World Bank. decision making and improving access response and recovery stages, from to education, healthcare, and other This report studied gender dynamics rapid situation analysis to steps at the resources. The document posits that in rural Bolivia and is intended to policy-, institutional-, and community- increased participation among diverse provide useful insights that support level. GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 13 Gupta, Suranjana. 2015. Community in lending. One section is dedicated The project’s Environmental and Social Led Partnerships for Resilience. Global to the “social dimensions of disaster,” Safeguards framework included an Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction. with a subsection dedicated to gender. annex, “Framework for Mainstreaming Washington, DC: World Bank. The review identified 71 projects that Gender in Infrastructure,” which considered women’s specific needs and required men and women to have equal This report surveys community-led vulnerabilities. The section provides input in the consultation process, and partnerships for resilience that are some recommendations, including targeted potential gender problems organized and led by grassroots women. improving data gathering (including specific to infrastructure reconstruction. The report highlights the successes gender desegregated data), targeting of community-led partnerships that Rex, Helene Carlsson; Trohanis, Zoe. female-headed households, ensuring leverage field-tested practices and 2011. Gender informed monitoring access to training and employment, and solutions, and seek larger partners to and evaluation in disaster risk seeking opportunities to create equity strengthen, refine, and scale up. management. East Asia and the Pacific in land ownership (pp. 50-52). Region sustainable development De Silva, Samantha; Burton, Cynthia. Rex, Helene Carlsson; Trohanis, guidance note; no. 3. Gender 2008. Building resilient communities: Zoe. 2011. Making women’s voices and disaster risk management. Risk management and response to count: Addressing gender issues in Washington, DC: World Bank natural disasters through social funds disaster risk management in East and community-driven development This note covers the collection and Asia and the Pacific. East Asia and operations. Washington, DC: World analysis of sex-disaggregated data, the Pacific Region sustainable Bank. needs assessment, pre- and post- development guidance note; no. 1. disaster assessment and analysis, This document is designed primarily Gender and disaster risk management. and gender indicators. An annex to help Task Teams on social funds Washington, DC: World Bank. provides examples of common tools to and community-driven development This guidance note gives an overview incorporate gender into pre- and post- (CDD) operations identify disaster of the links between gender and disaster assessment and analysis. risk management issues in their disaster risk management, identifies programs and projects and to design Rex, Helene Carlsson; Trohanis, key operational bottlenecks, and and implement appropriate responses. Zoe. 2011. Integrating gender issues recommends strategies and resources. Module 7, Gender in Community-Based in community-based disaster risk It notes that while many guides Disaster Management, gives guidance management. East Asia and the Pacific exist, implementation of gender on mainstreaming gender in community- Region sustainable development mainstreaming into DRM remains ad based disaster risk management guidance note; no. 4. Gender hoc (p. 6). strategies and projects and emphasizes and disaster risk management. the need to mainstream gender at Rex, Helene Carlsson; Trohanis, Zoe. Washington, DC: World Bank. policy, program, and project levels and 2011. Integrating gender issues in This guidance note outlines the offers suggestions on best practices disaster risk management: Policy rationale behind integrating gender into from project experiences in diverse development and in projects. East Asia CBDRM, and the methods and processes settings. and the Pacific Region sustainable for integration. An annex focuses on development guidance note; no. 2. Parker, Ronald S.; Thomas, Vinod; gender-based community mapping. Gender and disaster risk management. Chhibber, Ajay; Barbu, Alain. Washington, DC: World Bank. Rex, Helene Carlsson; Trohanis, Zoe. 2006. Hazards of Nature, Risks to 2011. Integrating gender issues in Development: An IEG evaluation of This guidance note focuses on recovery and reconstruction planning. World Bank assistance for natural integrating gender in DRM policy East Asia and the Pacific Region disasters. Washington, D.C: World and projects, with the majority of sustainable development guidance Bank. content weighted towards the latter. note; no. 5. Gender and disaster risk The guidance note references the The document is an evaluation of management. Washington, DC: World Infrastructure Reconstruction Financing the World Bank’s experience with Bank. Facility, which was aimed at filling disasters from 1984 to 2005. This financing deficiencies for public This guidance note examines the represents 528 projects and $26 billion infrastructure after the 2004 tsunami. particular challenges that women face in 14 / Gender Action Plan the disaster recovery and reconstruction in social protection programs as part policy and administrative systems process. The note specifically address of a DRM strategy. Social protection involved in DRM in Tamil Nadu, and bottlenecks, including housing, land, programs are important in reducing the makes recommendations for future and property rights; health and increasing economic marginalization of gender-sensitive recovery efforts and post-disaster violence; community already vulnerable poor communities. strategies to increase resilience. It services and infrastructure restoration; Programs can neglect to provide or notes that a gender neutral or explicitly and poverty reduction, livelihood replace the assets and technical support non-exclusionary DRM policy is not the restoration and economic development. necessary for women to strengthen/ same as actively promoting integrating It also provides a point of entry for adapt or resume their economic gender components into recovery efforts gender in post-disaster recovery and activities. (p. 1). It also posits that post-disaster reconstruction. recovery periods offer the opportunity World Bank. 2011. Gender and climate to recalibrate infrastructure, housing, Rex, Helene Carlsson; Trohanis, Zoe; change: three things you should know. property, and land ownership, in ways Burton, Cynthia; Stanton-Geddes, Washington DC: World Bank. that improve women’s capacity to be Zuzana. 2012. Integrating gender- This document is a summary of the involved in economic activity. sensitive disaster risk management “why” and “how” of mainstreaming into community-driven development World Bank. 2012. More than gender-sensitive approaches into programs. East Asia and the Pacific mainstreaming: promoting gender climate action. Below are highlighted Region sustainable development equality and empowering women examples of overlap between the guidance note; no. 6.Gender through post-disaster reconstruction. documents climate change focus and and disaster risk management. MDF-JRF working paper series; no. 4. DRM activities, mostly in climate Washington, DC: World Bank. Washington DC; World Bank Group. resilience activities. This document focuses on This rapid assessment analyzed gender World Bank Distance Learning. 2008. mainstreaming gender in community- dimensions of CDD and DRM in an Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery driven development (CDD) programs. Indonesian government anti-poverty and Reconstruction: Tsunami Recovery It outlines the importance of CDD program. It investigated community and Reconstruction in Tamil Nadu, programs in disaster risk reduction and perceptions of women’s participation India. Washington, DC: World Bank. recovery, and provides guidelines on in activities, the extent and type of how to integrate gender sensitivity into This document is a case study women’s participation and engagement CDD programs. of how gender was and was not with the program, and the local included in post-tsunami recovery government context. The document Rex, Helene Carlsson; Trohanis, Zoe; and reconstruction conducted three also provides strategic direction as Burton, Cynthia; Stanton-Geddes, years post-disaster. It examines the well as operationalization suggestions Zuzana. 2012. Making livelihoods and housing sector, the re-establishment of for the specific program. The study social protection gender-sensitive. the social capital through communal found high-level support for gender East Asia and the Pacific Region spaces, livelihood restoration through mainstreaming, institutional capacity sustainable development guidance loss recovery, and new economic dedicated to gender mainstreaming, and note; no. 7. Gender and disaster risk opportunities and to improved the incorporation of gender into local management. Washington, DC: World preparedness through establishment of policies and plans. Bank. early warning system and knowledge This guidance note focuses on the dissemination. It also gives background importance of gender considerations on national-level and state-level GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 15 Annex 2: Methodology for gender analysis of the DRM portfolio For purposes of this review, the DRM operations, gender was screened in expected outcome. Operations were portfolio consists of World Bank lending relation to three main components- considered to have “gender actions” projects with DRM-specific components analysis, action, and impact (see chart when analyzed as being “gender or co-benefits approved from FY12-15 1). Additionally, eleven indicators informed” while additionally having (368 projects), and GFDRR projects that were developed (see chart 2) and specific components/activities that seek were in active status between the same used to gain a deeper understanding to minimize mentioned gender gaps period. of gender dimensions within relevant relevant to the project’s development projects. Operations were considered Data was collected from several to be “gender informed” if a gender objective(s). The absence of an analysis, different WB resources including analysis or gender impact was either action, or impact resulted in projects Business Warehouse, Operations Portal, taken into consideration during being categorized as “not gender and Image Bank. When analyzing project design or mentioned as an relevant.” Table 2. DRM/Gender Main Components Does the project identify and analyze gender issues relevant to theproject objectives or components? u u Was a gender assessment conducted and are findings relevant tothe design of the project? Analysis u Are results of consultations with women/girls and/or other vulnerable groups or NGOs that focus on these groups reported? Actions Are there specific or targeted actions that address minimizing gapswomen and men? u Women Are specific gender and sex-disaggregated indicators present in theresults framework? u Impacts Is an evaluation planned in which gender specific impacts are to beconsidered? u Table 3. DRM/Gender Indicators Does the project appraisal document (PAD) identify the specific gender gaps with respect to the problem that is being Yes or No addressed? If yes, does the PAD explain or indicate potential causes of the identified gaps? Is the project required to conduct a more detailed gender analysis prior to or at an early stage of implementation? Yes or No Does the PAD indicate what opportunities there are to promote women’s leadership and empowerment as a result of the Yes or No project? Does the PAD require stand-alone or integrated activities to ensure the project is reducing the gender gaps between males Yes or No and females that were identified in the gender analysis/assessment? Does the PAD require monitoring plans to track the differential impact of these activities on male and female beneficiaries? Yes or No Does the PAD require data to be disaggregated by sex? Yes or No Does the project seek to remove barriers to women’s ownership and control over assets Yes or No Does the PAD enhance women’s voice and agency and seek to engage men and boys Yes or No Are there components that have a direct Gender-DRM relationship? Yes or No Page Sections/ page numbers from PAD that could be used as examples of good practice Numbers Gender (Y/N) or Gender Informed Yes or No 16 / Gender Action Plan 2. For WB lending operations, all Steps to Analyzing projects were compared to the DRM General limitations/caveats Gender Mainstreaming co-benefit portfolio (see annex Project documents for additional u within Disaster Risk 3) and overlapping projects were financing operations may not Management Operations extracted, creating a DRM dataset include detailed descriptions of with the above mentioned integrated components since often detailed Step 1: Data collection and World Bank gender indicators. In information is outlined in parent identifying the portfolio regards to the GFDRR portfolio, project documents. Typically, these 1. Through the WB Business Warehouse all projects funded by GFDRR original projects will fall outside of and SAP, a dataset of WB lending were considered since they were the FY12-FY15 scope, and therefore and GFDRR projects from FY12-15 originally not analyzed in the DRM may not have been included in was created. All of these collected co-benefit analysis and also because the Image bank Keyword Search operations were screened during the they all have DRM relevance. Dataset for the DRM co-benefit project design phase by Task Team analysis. Therefore, there is a small probability that some additional Leaders for: Step 2: Review of Documents financing documents did not contain a) Gender Actions and Data Analysis any of the listed DRM keywords b) Gender Analysis 3. All relevant project documents from and the parent project occurred c) Gender Mechanisms the DRM co-benefit portfolio were before FY12, causing them to not d) Gender (Y/N) reviewed individually to assess be included in this dataset. This e) Gender Theme Code - 0059 gender dimensions against the retroactive approach additionally three aforementioned components- limits the determination of gender Although all aggregated projects were analysis, action, and impacts and integration within DRM operations screened for the above-mentioned the 11 gender related indicators. All by the information provided in the actions or mechanisms, not all were gender relevance was document in a project documents. With this limited marked as having gender dimensions Excel. amount of information, many gender during the project design phase. 4. For each project, at least one project activities may be overlooked simply document (PADs, PIDs or, Project due to lack of understanding or Paper) was referenced for analysis. inclusion in project descriptions. GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 17 Annex 3: Methodology to identify projects with DRM co-benefits e) preparing to cope with disaster The methodology for measuring DRM Background impacts through such mechanisms co-benefits can be found below: The World Bank’s coding system tracks as risk sharing and transfer and; lending projects and captures activities Step 1: Creating the baseline f) engaging in post-disaster in which a primary objective involves and determining the universe interventions that foster resilient DRM. Since DRM is a cross-cutting recovery and reconstruction. Actions taken: issue that applies to all sectors of development and is often not referred The tracking system measures lending 1. A condensed dataset was prepared, to as a project objective, GFDRR also commitments with DRM co-benefits at using Bank portfolio analysis tracks WB operations that provide the time of project approval as opposed databases that contained projects DRM co-benefits. DRM co-benefits are to measuring increased disaster from relevant fiscal years. DRM positive externalities that accrue resilience resulting from the financing 2. An automated keyword search, in addition to the main objectives of associated with each operation. As using standard DRM language, was the development activity. An activity part of the system, newly approved conducted of all approved Bank provides DRM co-benefits if it has the projects from the following lending project documents to identify explicit purpose of increasing human sources are screened for their potential projects not included in any of the security, well-being, quality of life and contributions to DRM: IDA/IBRD (PE), above mentioned databases. sustainable development by improving Recipient Executed Activities (RE), the understanding of disaster risk, Special Financing (SF), Guarantees 3. The list of projects was crosschecked fostering risk reduction or risk transfer, (GU), and select Trust funds (GE). with all projects approved by the or by improving disaster preparedness, Board betweenFY12–FY15 under the In order to differentiate between DRM Bank sector and Thematic Codes to response, and resilient recovery practices. and development, activities are only ensure that no DRM projects had Activities that have DRM co-benefits recorded as contributing to DRM if the been overlooked. aim to reduce the human, social, and following eligibility criteria are met: economic impact of natural disasters 1. There is explicit DRM reasoning Step 2: Review of project and include interventions such as: in the project’s appraisal and/or documents a) assessing and identifying natural supporting documents Actions taken: hazards and vulnerabilities; 2. The activity directly addresses 1. The review was conducted for IDA/ b) integrating disaster prevention vulnerability resulting from natural IBRD projects, Recipient Executed and mitigation into development disasters and Climate Change Activities and other bank executed to reduce the potential impacts of Trust Funds, approved by the Board. disasters; 3. The activity contributes to post- 2. All relevant project documents were c) adapting to climate change disaster reconstruction measures reviewed to assess co-benefits or and variability and developing through implementation support, whether they were“DRM informed,” sustainable environmental infrastructure development, based on the definition of DRM management interventions for recovery strategies, or post-disaster co-benefits in Section IV (adapted disaster prevention and mitigation; assessments. from the Climate Change co-benefit d) preparing for disasters through for methodology: http://go.worldbank. example improved early warnings org/RM27OYR5F0).Project designs and contingency plans; that were informed by a disaster risk assessment/study, but did not 18 / Gender Action Plan finance any DRM activities were kept f) IBRD/ IDA/ Grant DRM General limitations/ caveats: in the database and not counted as Co-benefits having a DRM co-benefits. Project documents for additional u g) Disaster Type financing projects may not contain 3. At least one project document • Determined by what disaster(s) detailed descriptions of components (PADs, PIDs or, Project Paper) was is referenced. If the project because the parent project referenced for analysis. is to reduce general risks documents generally includes this associated with various natural detailed information. Typically, these 4. After updating and confirming disasters, the disaster type is original projects will fall outside project information with the World referred to as “DRM General” of the FY12-FY15 scope, and would Bank Group Operations Portal and h) DRM Relevant Component (1-6) therefore not have been included Imagebank, Projects were labeled/ in the Imagebank Keyword Search categorized using a series of criteria, • The title of the first Component, Dataset. Therefore, there is a small the most important in attempting sub-component, or policy area probability that some additional to quantify co-benefits are the that contains a DRM co-benefit financing documents did not contain following: • A short summary of the any of the listed DRM keywords a) Total Commitment component was included in and the parent project occurred • Total commitment from a cell comment, as well as an before FY12, causing them to not be relevant financing (IBRD/IDA, explanation of DRM activities included in this dataset. Trust Funds, etc.) including and associated pillar This retroactive approach u contingencies. • For Policy Areas, all prior additionally limits the determination b) Climate Change Adaptation co- actions with DRM co-benefits of DRM co-benefits by the benefit under that policy area were information provided in the project listed with its associated pillar documents. With this limited amount c) Mutual DRM and CCA co-benefit and a short summary in a cell of information, some DRM activities • This includes financing that comment may be overlooked simply due was determined to have CCA to lack of inclusion in the project i) Relevance to DRM pillar (1-5) co-benefits by OPCS as well as descriptions. (with explanation) DRM co-benefits • A short explanation was d) Project DRM Co-benefit Financing included on relevance to the • The sum of all DRM sector DRM Pillar financing (not including j) DRM Pillar (1-5) Financing $ contingencies) k) Total DRM Pillar Financing $ e) Project DRM Co-benefit Financing % l) Relevance to HFA (1-5) (with explanation) • Calculated using total DRM co-benefit financing and total • Short explanation of relevance project financing(not including was included contingencies) GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 19 Annex 4: Glossary of key terms Agency The capacity to make decisions about one’s own life and act on them to achieve a desired outcome, free of violence, retribution or fear (World Bank 2014b). DRM Co-Benefits Disaster Risk Management positive externalities that accrue in addition to the main objectives of the development activity. Gender Gender refers to the social, behavioral and cultural attributes, expectations and norms associated with being male or female (World Bank 2011). Gender equality Refers to how these factors determine the way in which women and men relate to each other and to the resulting differences in power between them (World Bank 2011). Gender-based An umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will and that is based on socially violence ascribed (that is, gender) differences between males and females. Gender-based violence includes acts that inflict physical, mental, or sexual harm or suffering; threats of such acts; and coercion and other deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life (IASC 2015). Gender A process that systematically integrates gender perspectives into legislation, public policies, programs and mainstreaming projects. This process enables making women’s and men’s concerns and experiences to be made an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programs in all political, economic, and societal spheres with the goal of achieving gender equality (United Nations 2002). Gender-smart Solutions that achieve the overall objectives of an intervention while closing relevant gender gaps in the solutions process. Risk The combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences. UNISDR (2009). UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. UNISDR: Geneva. Strategic approach to The use of diagnostics and analytics to identify the key gaps between males and females in a country or sector, mainstreaming and constraints to agency that will be targeted through operations to achieve clearly articulated results. 20 / Discussion Note on Proposed Monitoring and Evaluation Approach Discussion Note on Proposed Monitoring and Evaluation Approach Context Figure 1. Logical Flow in Addressing Inequality in World Bank Operations This note outlines a proposed monitoring and evaluation (M&E) approach to track the progress of implementation of GFDRR’s Gender Action Plan (GAP). The GAP was discussed and endorsed at the 17th Consultative Group Meeting held in Washington DC on April 27-28, 2016. It seeks to ensure that Disaster Risk Management (DRM) investments go beyond limited “gender screening” of proposals towards a focus on specific actions and outcomes during project design and implementation that both address gender equality in DRM activities T AF and empower women for broader resilience strengthening.1 measuring the quality and results of technical assistance for improved The M&E approach described in this World Bank operations in the area of disaster and climate risk management. document has been informed by gender equality. The GAP framework In that capacity, GFDRR has control DR consultations with GFDRR’s development specifically embeds the World Bank’s over outputs resulting directly from partners, World Bank gender experts, logical flow in addressing gender its projects, which in turn influence and GFDRR’s work planning process for inequality in operations, including the the long-term outcomes achieved by 2017-2019. The proposed M&E approach use of related gender tags at each stage the large-scale programs it leverages will also need to be fully integrated into, of a project (i.e., identification, appraisal, through its partners (including the and compatible with, GFDRR’s overall implementation and completion). World Bank). M&E strategy and framework. It was Through this M&E approach GFDRR For these reasons, GFDRR’s M&E discussed and received further inputs aims to integrate gender equality into approach for the GAP is comprised at the Inclusive Community Resilience GFDRR activities with a stronger focus primarily of a combination of process- Technical Advisory Group meeting held on outcomes. The approach takes into oriented and intermediate results and in Geneva on September 14, 2016. account the different nature, scope, indicators. These largely concentrate The proposed GAP M&E approach is also reporting and accountability lines on capacity building for gender equality broadly aligned with recent and further of GFDRR investments to those of and women’s empowerment within planned changes to the World Bank’s the World Bank’s lending portfolio. GFDRR itself and its client countries. gender M&E system, as outlined in the GFDRR’s projects are particularly World Bank’s Gender Action Strategy The note is structured in two sections: focused on generating knowledge, (FY16-23).2 These changes focus on the first section provides a brief building capacity and providing presentation of the theory of change; 1 GFDRR’s Gender Action Plan is available reduction and inclusive growth, available and the second presents the two here: gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/ here: documents.worldbank.org/curated/ documents/4.%20Draft%20Gender%20 key result areas and the proposed en/820851467992505410/World-Bank- Action%20Plan.pdf Group-gender-strategy-FY16-23-gender- performance indicators for discussion. 2 The World Bank Group gender strategy equality-poverty-reduction-and-inclusive- (FY16-23) : gender equality, poverty growth GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 21 Theory of Change The GAP M&E approach is based upon the following longer-term theory of change: Gender & DRM awareness and capacity of GFDRR is built, while GFDRR simultaneously invests in initiatives to demonstrate the key role of gender equality and women’s empowerment in strengthening community resilience. GFDRR plays facilitation role and creates an enabling environment for integration of gender equality and women’s empowerment into investments Gender & DRM capacity and commitment of communities, governments and other grant recipients is built T AF Client government/grantees incorporate gender equality and women’s empowerment into their DRM investments DR Resilience of both men and women to natural hazard and climate change impacts is increased This theory of change builds on the The implementation of the GAP will u Capacity building of clients and u understanding that: be informed by international implementing partners will include experience of the most effective budgeting and monitoring for GFDRR leadership will proactively u institutional development and gender inclusiveness, in addition support gender inclusiveness and influencing strategies for change in to strengthening gender-related accountability in its investments; the area of gender; and diagnostics and action planning. 22 / Discussion Note on Proposed Monitoring and Evaluation Approach These key result areas reflect the two- Given the need to strengthen both Key Result Areas and pronged approach that will be taken for GFDRR and client capacity to plan Framework the integration of gender equality and for, and implement, gender-informed The M&E approach focuses on two key women’s empowerment into GFDRR´s interventions, selected areas of action areas: portfolio. While building the capacity of over the first two-three years of GAP GFDRR and its implementing partners to implementation will focus primarily on 1. Strengthening the systems, carry out gender-informed programming key result area #1. Areas of action under procedures and capacities of GFDRR will be the highest priority over the short key result #2 will be gradually expanded in gender analysis and mainstreaming to medium term, action also will be taken over the medium term. (short to medium term). to support the delivery of robust gender While promoting gender considerations 2. Identifying and reducing gender gaps equality and women’s empowerment across GFDRR’s portfolio, the GAP will and empowering women through the programming outcomes over the five emphasize achieving outcomes in a activities supported by GFDRR in key years of GAP implementation (under Key few strategic areas identified as having strategic areas (medium to longer Result Area #2). potential for deeper impact. Proposed term). priority areas include the following: Priority Areas Endowments T Increasing access to information and participation in risk management and early warning systems u u Social protection - Promoting women’s economic empowerment in social safety net interventions; ensuring equitable AF access to relief and recovery resources Economic Better capturing gender disaggregated impacts and losses in post-disaster assessments u Opportunity Protection of safety and human rights in DRM for women and children, including reducing violence, sensitivity and u attention to multiple forms of social marginalization (age, disability, etc.) DR Agency Enhancing women’s role in building broader resilience; fostering women’s participation in policy formulation u processes – need for women in decision making positions; promoting more partnerships of women with governments The expected programming outcomes strengthen the World Bank’s M&E prong or track of the plan will be and indicators under key result #2 system for gender equality and women’s made. Over time, it is further expected will be further developed and refined empowerment. The qualitative that the gender-related elements to be integrated as one component of measurement parameters for outcome of assistance provided through the the overall GFDRR M&E framework. and impact indicators will also be GFDRR Trust Fund will be designed Most importantly, these outcomes and aligned with the overall M&E approach. to leverage longer-term investment in indicators will be designed to explicitly addressing gender gaps and women’s link the development of gender- A mid-term review of progress in empowerment through the World informed programming designs with the implementing the GAP will be carried Bank’s regular lending operations, results achieved during implementation, out at the end of its second year and within the context of broader DRM in line with the efforts underway to any required adjustments to either longer-term investments. GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 23 Table 1. Draft GAP Monitoring and Evaluation Framework Outputs Indicators Means of Verification Responsible KEY RESULT AREA #1: STRENGTHENING GFDRR CAPACITY TO IDENTIFY GENDER GAPS AND PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY/ WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT 1.1 GFDRR Secretariat staff, and World yy # of staff trained yy Training reports GFDRR Bank DRM and GSURR implementing Secretariat partner staff, are trained in gender- inclusive DRM and stakeholder influencing strategies 1.2 Pool of on-demand/just-in-time yy Systems and procedures for yy Documentation of procedures GFDRR gender expertise in place and engaged in operation of mechanism established for engaging gender expertise Secretariat the provision of advisory services yy # of gender specialists engaged yy Documentation of contracts with gender specialists yy #/type of technical support/ guidance assignments carried out yy Documentation of TA provided 1.3 Gender-sensitive grant appraisal yy Content of grant appraisal yy Content review of guidelines GFDRR guidelines in place guidelines includes gender produced Secretariat inclusiveness assessment criteria 1.4 Specific guidance notes produced on yy Up to 7 guidance notes (one for yy Documentation produced GFDRR integrating gender considerations into the work of GFDRR’s thematic teams T each thematic area) produced (guidance notes) Secretariat AF 1.5 Specific toolkit produced for yy Toolkit produced yy Documentation produced GFDRR integrat-ing gender considerations into Secretariat grant pro-posal development, appraisal and moni-toring and evaluation 1.6 GFDRR operational policies, proce- yy Report from review of gender yy Documentation produced GFDRR DR dures and guidelines incorporate gender sensitivity of operational, policies, Secretariat considerations procedures and guidelines yy Revised operational, policies, procedures and guidelines include gender considerations KEY RESULT AREA #2: REDUCING GENDER GAPS AND EMPOWERING WOMEN 2.1 Gender & DRM tools, training yy % of projects that have yy Review/reporting on tools GFDRR and knowledge-sharing products are incorporated gender & DRM tools produced Secretariat incorporated into capacity building and training into broader DRM tools activities of designated % of projects and methodologies being developed yy Review/reporting on training within each identified programming area or utilized to build capacity activities held 2.2 Gender expertise incorporated yy % of projects that have engaged yy Review/reporting from TA GFDRR into technical assistance provided Gender & DRM technical experts assignments Secretariat to develop DRM policies, standards, during design or implementation strategies, plans, skills and knowledge yy Contract records for the design, implementation and measurement of gender-related outcomes Note: The proposed result areas, indicators and associated targets will need to be harmonized within the overall GFDRR Strategic planning and M&E framework. 24 / Discussion Note on Proposed Monitoring and Evaluation Approach Table 2. Medium Term Outcomes Medium Term Outcomes Means of Verification Responsible Assumptions KEY RESULT AREA #1: STRENGTHENING GFDRR CAPACITY TO IDENTIFY GENDER GAPS AND PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY/ WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT yy An increased % of GFDRR-funded yy Regular monitoring and yy GFDRR yy GFDRR senior management/ activities systematically identify reporting, utilizing WB gender Secretariat leadership pro-actively promotes and report on gaps/actions to tags gender inclusiveness and promote gender equality/women’s yy Governments accountability for gender-related empowerment during design, yy Mid-term review of progress, and other aspects of investments appraisal, implementation and the including interviews or survey implementing results upon completion with GFDRR stakeholders/ partners yy Grant recipients, World Bank task partners teams and other implementing partners are receptive to providing relevant reporting KEY RESULT AREA #2: REDUCING GENDER GAPS AND EMPOWERING WOMEN A. Improved understanding of, and responsiveness to, gender-differentiated risks Outcome: yy Training evaluations (e.g. yy GFDRR yy Increased understanding of knowledge and skills audits) Secretariat gender-differentiated risks leads yy Participating national/city agencies to changes in mindsets among yy Review of gender-related yy Governments T in 60% of risk identifi-cation projects decision makers demonstrate one or more of the content of policies and and other following: investment plans developed implementing yy Informed decision-making leads AF with GFDRR support3 partners to increased analysis and action – Improved understanding of the to reduce gender gaps and differential impacts of disasters on yy Regular project reporting empower women men and women and evaluative activities, utilizing World Bank gender yy National agencies are – Increased application of gender- tagging system, and including appropriately resourced and DR differentiated risk information interviews or surveys with mandated to implement gender- in public policy and investment male/female stakeholders at all inclusive approaches to reducing planning levels disaster- and climate-related – Improved capacity to make risks yy Reporting on roles/relationships decisions on actions to re-duce established with groups yy Targeted local communities are specific disaster- and climate- representing women’s interests gender-informed by national-city related risks faced by women/girls agencies and support gender- and men/boys from diverse so-cio- yy Reporting on gender-focused inclusiveness actions economic contexts actions implemented within targeted agencies and yy Government agencies are Impact communities receptive to developing collaborative relationships yy Increased # of men/boys and women/ with NGOs, CSOs and other girls within targeted communities organizations representing taking identifiable action to reduce women’s interests risks 3 Across all M&E indicators, policies and other documentation will be assessed in relation to 3 gender dimensions (gender gap analysis-actions identified- inclusion of means to measure outcomes) GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 25 Table 2. Medium Term Outcomes (cont.) Medium Term Outcomes Means of Verification Responsible Assumptions KEY RESULT AREA #2: REDUCING GENDER GAPS AND EMPOWERING WOMEN (cont.) B. More gender-informed and gender-inclusive recovery Outcomes yy Training evaluations (e.g. yy GFDRR yy Team leaders for post-disaster knowledge and skills audits) Secretariat recovery assessments are yy 75% of institutional capacity building and stakeholder interviews receptive to robust social and projects in post-disaster needs yy Governments gender inputs assessments supported by GFDRR yy Review/reporting of gender- and other incorporate social impact analysis related content of post-disaster implementing yy Contributing World Bank and UN (SIA) and gender analysis as a key assessments and recovery partners agencies implement cohesive cross-cutting theme frameworks developed with approaches to ensure adequate GFDRR support level and quality of social and yy 90% of post-disaster assessments gender analysis supported by GFDRR identify social/ yy Review/reporting on gender- gender gaps and actions to address focused follow-on investments yy National/local agencies are these and outcomes prepared to commit resources to support gender-inclusive yy 90% of post disaster recovery yy Regular project reporting and recovery frameworks supported by GFDRR evaluative activities, utilizing identify social/gender gaps, actions to WB gender tag system address these and means to measure outcomes T AF Impact yy # post-disaster countries where GFDRR helped leverage specific investment in gender-inclusive DR recovery and risk reduction yy # disaster affected men and women achieving restored livelihoods through resilient recovery efforts C. Increased financial resilience of vulnerable women and men to natural hazards and climate change impacts Outcome yy Review/reporting of gender- yy GFDRR As per A plus - related content of risk financing Secretariat yy 90% of investments in strengthening studies, strategies and yy Participating private sector natural hazard and/or climate mechanisms developed with yy Client agencies and other implementing GFDRR support governments partners support gender- adaptation financing capacity have and other inclusiveness actions incorporated gender-differentiated yy Reporting on gender-focused implementing demand (or other appropriate) surveys actions implemented within partners yy Overall financing strategies and and developed gender-differentiated targeted agencies and mechanisms are well-targeted marketing and/or implementation communities and comparative and lead to acceptable levels of rate of uptake of financing by success for activities supported strategies women vis men Impact yy Regular project reporting and yy Increased % of vulnerable men and evaluative activities, utilizing women protected against catastrophe WB gender tag system risks to their property 26 / Discussion Note on Proposed Monitoring and Evaluation Approach Table 2. Medium Term Outcomes (cont.) Medium Term Outcomes Means of Verification Responsible Assumptions KEY RESULT AREA #2: REDUCING GENDER GAPS AND EMPOWERING WOMEN (cont.) D. Increased resilience of vulnerable women and men to impacts of hydro-meteorological events Outcome yy Review/reporting of gender- yy GFDRR As per A plus - related content of studies, Secretariat yy 80% of investments in strengthening strategies and mechanisms yy Participating implementing hydro-meteorological services capaci- developed with GFDRR support yy Governments partners support gender- ty have incorporated gender analysis and other inclusiveness actions of the end users and identified gender- yy Reporting on gender-focused implementing differentiated actions to im-prove actions implemented within partners the two-way flow of in-formation to targeted agencies and support service delivery/end user communities and comparative decision-making access to, and influence on services by women vis men Impact yy Regular project reporting and yy Increased % of vulnerable men and evaluative activities, utilizing women protected against hydro- WB gender tag system meteorological risks T E. Women more empowered to protect themselves, their families and communities against natural hazards and climate change impacts AF Outcome yy Regular project reporting and yy GFDRR yy GFDRR Secretariat and evaluative activities, utilizing Secretariat implementing partners pro- yy % of GFDRR investments that are actively promote the application World Bank gender tag system informed by, and apply the knowledge yy Governments of lessons learned from research from, research and demonstration and other and demonstration projects projects on women’s empowerment implementing DR partners Impact yy Reported improvements in women’s ability to protect themselves and others against natural hazard and climate change impacts Table 3. Impacts Impacts Means of Verification Responsible Assumptions4 OVERALL RESULT: INCREASED RESILIENCE OF BOTH MEN AND WOMEN TO THE IMPACTS OF NATURAL HAZARDS AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN GFDRR CLIENT COUNTRIES yy Reduction in # of women and men yy Evaluative activities incorporating yy GFDRR yy Countries that received affected by disaster impacts gender-disaggregated data Secretariat GFDRR support have capacity to produce gender- yy Reduction in the economic losses of yy Long-term monitoring of disaster yy Governments disaggregated data women and men from disasters loss trends incorporating gender- and other grant disaggregated data collection recipients 4 Note: only gender-related assumptions are included and are additional to the broader assumptions outlined in GFDRR 2016-18 workplan, pp 84-85. GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 27 28 / Gender Action Plan GFDRR 17th Consultative Group Meeting / 29