RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA 88941 v3 RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA RWANDA 2014-2018 Ingamba Mfatanyabikorwa za Banki y’Isi n’u Rwanda Incamake Ingamba Mfatanyabikorwa za Banki y’Isi n’u Rwanda 2014-2018 Kwongera umuvuduko w’iterambere Kamena 2014 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 8 • I n g a m b a M fata n ya b i k o r wa z a B a n k i y ’ I s i n ’ u R wa n d a INCAMAKE 1 Mu myaka mike ishize, iterambere ry’u Rwanda ryarihuse rishingiye cyane cyane ku bukungu bw’igihugu bwagutse bigaragara mu nzego zose mu myaka myakubiri ishize. Ingamba zihanitse zigamije iterambere zatsuye ubukungu bw’imbere mu gihugu n’ubukomoka mu mahanga bugera ku ntego igihugu cyihaye kandi butuma ibipimo by’ubukungu byiyongera, binagabanya ubukene mu buryo bugaragara, bigabanya ubusumbane bityo haba umusaruro hafi mu nzego zose z’iterambere. U Rwanda rwikuye neza mu bihe by’amage rwasyizwemo n’intambara, ubu igihe kikaba kigeze ngo ruhangane na gahunda y’ivugururabukungu rya kabiri (second generation) hongerwa ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga, havugururwa inzego, hitabwa kubufatanye ku rwego rw’akarere no kwagura urwego rw’imari. Hamwe no kuvugurura ubukungu no kwihutisha iterambere, bizaba ngombwa ko Leta yongera umusaruro w’abakennye cyane kugira ngo habumbatirwe ibyagezweho mukugabanya ubukene no gukurikiranira hafi impinduka mu mibereho y’abaturage ndetse no kwiyubaka kw’inzego z’ubuyobozi bisanzwe bijyana n’izamuka ry’ubukungu ryihuse. Izi ngamba Mfatanyabikorwa za Banki y’Isi n’U Rwanda (Country Partneship Strategy-CPS) zigaragaza uko uguhuriza hamwe ubushobozi butangwa n’inzego zitandukanye za Banki y’Isi bwakusanywa bugafasha Urwanda gusohoza ingamba Kwongera umuvuduko w ’iterambere 1 zarwo zigamije kugabanya ubukene kugera no kugera kw’iterambere risangiwe na bose. Kugabanya ubukene no kugeza iterambere kuri bose 2 Imbaraga zashyizwe mwikubitiro mu kugabanya ubukene n’ubusumbane zatanze umusaruro ushimishije. Umubare w’abakene waragabanutse ku buryo abaturage babarizwa munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene bagabanutse bava kuri 59 ku ijana mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2000 bagera kuri 45 ku ijana muri 2011. Mu mujyi wa Kigali hatuye 10 ku ijana (10%) by’umubare w’abaturage bose batuye mu Rwanda, umubare wabakene waragabanutse uva kuri 22,7 ku ijana muri 2001 ugera kuri 16,8 ku ijana muri 2011. Dufatiye kw’ijanisha ryo hejuru, ahasigaye mu gihugu ubukene bwagabanutseho 15 ku ijana. Icyuho kiri hagati y’umukene usanzwe n’umukene uri hasi y’umurongo w’ubukene, cyagabanutseho hafi 10 ku ijana kuva kuri 24,4 ku ijana muri 2001 kugera kuri 14,8 ku ijana muri 2011. Ibi bisobanura ko abakiri munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene bari hafi yo kuwuvamo ugereranije n’ aho bari bari muri 2001, ibi bigatanga icyizere mw’igabanuka ry’ubukene ku rugero rushimishize mu gihe kiri mbere. Ugendeye ku gipimo cya “Gini Coefficient”, ubusumbane bwaragabanutse buva kuri 0,52 bugera kuri 0,49. 3 Nubwo ubukungu bwazamutse cyane mu myaka icumi ishize, imyaka itanu iherutse niyo yonyine yagaragayemo igabanuka ry’ubukene ku buryo bugaragara.Imyaka itanu ya mbere (2001-2006) yaranzwe n’izamuka ry’ubukungu muri Kigali kurusha ahandi mu gihugu, bituma ubusumbane bwiyongera ndetse bitera ubukene bugabanuka ku rwego ruciriritse. Imyaka itanu yakurikiyeho (2006-2011) yaranzwe no kwiyongera kw’umusaruro muri rusange, cyane cyane mu cyaro aho izamuka ry’ubukungu ryagaragaye mu bakene by’umwihariko ku bari hasi y’umurongo w’ubukene. Ibi byakurikiwe n’izamuka ry’ubukungu n’igabanuka ry’ubukene aho imibereho myiza yarushijeho kuzamuka 2 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 8 • I n g a m b a M fata n ya b i k o r wa z a B a n k i y ’ I s i n ’ u R wa n d a mu nzego zose mu imyaka icumi. Mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi, umusaruro wa buri muryango w’umuhinzi wikubye inshuro zirenze ebyiri hagati y’umwaka wa 2001 na 2011, bigatuma ubukene bugabanukaho 35 ku ijana ku rwego rw’igihugu. Ingamba n’icyerekezo bya Leta 4 Ingamba za Leta mu gihe cya hafi n’intego igihugu cyihayebikubiye muriza gahunda z’iterambere mu nzego zitandukanye, zishingiye ku mwihariko wa buri karere kandi rikomatanyije inzego zose z’iterambere.Intego zashyizweho mu gihe cya hafi zigaragara mu ngamba za gahunda y’imbaturabukungu ya kabiri (EDPRS2), igamije kwihutisha iterambere ryubakiye n’urwego rw’abikorera arinako rirushaho kugabanya ubukene.EDPRS2 igamije kugera kuri iyi ntego ari nako igabanya kugendera ku mfashanyo z’amahanga ahubwo ikongera uburyo abantu batungwan’ibibavuye mu maboko. Ingingo enye EDPRS2 ishingiyeho n’izi zikurikira:(i) kuvugurura ubukungu no kwihutisha iterambere kugira ngo hagerwe ku musaruro utubutse kandi urambye, no kuvugurura imiterere y’ubukungu bushingiyekuri serivisi n’inganda, (ii) Guteza imbere icyaro, kugabanya ubukene ku gipimo cya 30 ku ijana (30%), (iii) kongera umusaruro nokubonera imirimo rubyiruko, kuvugurura no kuzamura ubukungu hifashishijwe ubumenyi bukwiye, (iv) imiyoboreremyiza, kunozwa kw’imitangire ya serivisi no kongera uruhare rw’abaturage mw’iterambere bagezwahokandi mu buryo bubanyuze.Izi ngingo zishyigikiwe n’inkingi umunani zashyizwe muby’ingenzi bizakomeza gukorwa kumara igihe kirekire ndetsen’izindi ngingo ndwi zihuriweho n’inzego zitandukanye. 5 Leta yashyizeho integongenderwaho biciye muri izo ngingo uko ari enye. Izo ntego zirimoizigamije kuzamura ubukungu, kugabanya ubukene, kugabanya ubukene bukabije, kongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi, guteza imbere ubucuruzi namahanga, kwibanda gutuza abantu mu mijyi, kwongera ibikorwa remezo, kwongerera abakozi ubushobozi, Kwongera umuvuduko w ’iterambere 3 guhanga imirimo no guteza imbere inganda nto n’iziciriritse ndetse no kunoza serivisi zitangwa n’inzego za Leta.Nubwozimwe muri izi ntego zihanitse,intumbero ya EDPRS 2 ihuje n’isesengura ryakozwe na Banki y’Isi n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF) ku bibazo bigaragara ko byihutirwa. Izi ntego nizo zigize gahunda ihanitse igamije ubukungu buhuriwehona bose mu myaka iri mbere. 6 Biragaragara kointego zo kurwanya ubukene n’ubwo zisaba byinshi zishobora kugerwaho—ariko ibyo byashoboka—arikoibi bisaba koimiterere y’ubukungu no kugabanuka k’ubusumbane byaranze imyaka yashize bizakomeza nomu bihe biri imbere. Umuvuduko w’ubukungu wonyine ntushobora kugabanya ubukene ku buryo buhagije, hagomba rero uburyo bushyira imbaraga zingana mw’izamuka ry’ubukunguryihuse kuri bya byiciro bibiri by’abakennye kurusha abandi. Mu gihe icyerekezo u Rwanda rufite cyibanda cyane ku guhangira mirimoibyara inyungu itari iy’ubuhinzi gusa, abaturage bagenda barushaho kwiyongera mu migi, kongera umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi no guteza imbere icyaro bizakomeza kwitabwaho kugira ngo ibyo byiciro byombi byitabweho nta busumbane. 7 . Kwihutisha iterambere ry’ubukungu no guhanga imirimo binyuze mu kongerera ububasha abikorera nibyo nkingi y’iterambere kandi bisaba uruhare rufatika ku rwego rwa politiki n’urw’ishoramari. Guhanga imirimo ni ngombwa cyane, dore koumubare rusange w’abakora imirimo itari iy’ubuhinzi wiyongereye uva ku 442.000 mu 2001 ugera kuri miliyoni 1,4 mu 2011. Buri mwaka hahangwa imirimo yanditse n’itanditse (formal andinformal) iri hafi y’100.000, ikaba ari kimwe cya kabiri cy’imirimo ikenewe buri mwaka kugira ngo inyungu zihagije zigere ku baturage bose. 4 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 8 • I n g a m b a M fata n ya b i k o r wa z a B a n k i y ’ I s i n ’ u R wa n d a 8 Nubwo hari ibyakozwe byinshi mu rwego rw’ishoramari, imbogamizi ziracyahari. Urwego rw’abikorera rura cyiyubaka kandi rufite integenke ugereranije n’ahandi; ikindi kandi, bitewe n’aho igihugu giherereye, umusaruro muke, n’ikiguzi cy’ingufu z’amashanyarazi kiri hejuru, bituma u Rwanda rudahendukira amasosiyete menshi akoresha ibyambu n’ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Isoko ryo mu gihugu imbere riracyari rito kandi kwagura ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byakunze kudindizwa n’amakimbirane ndengamipakandetse n’imikorere itanoze. Ibyagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakorewe kubikorera n’ibigo bya Leta bikora ubucuruzi, ndetse n’amakuru batanze ubwo iyi CPS yategurwaga, byerekanyeko kutagira amafaranga n’ ubutaka budahagije arizo nzitizi z’ibanze, zigakurikirwa n’ibikorwaremezo (amashanyarazi no gutwara abantu n’ibintu) ndetse n’ubumenyi budahagije mu bakozi. Ibindi bibazo bifitanye isano n’uburyo budasobanutseneza, buhindagurika kandi kenshi butunguranye amategeko amwe ashyirwa mu bikorwa. Ingamba zafashwe 9 .Ugereranyijen’amafaranga akenewe muri y’imbaturabukungu ya kabiri (EDPRS2), Inkunga n’ibigega bya gahunda Banki y’Isi n’agace gito. Ihitamo ry’ibyakoreshwa inkunga y’ishami rya Bank y’Isi ritsura amajyambere (IDA) no gukorana bya hafi n’Ikigo mpuzamahanga cya Banki y’Isi giteza imbere abikorera (IFC), ndetse n’ishami rya rishinzwe Guteza Imbere Ishoramari riturutse hanze (MIGA), ni ngombwa kugira ngo umusaruro ushoboka ubyazwe iyi nkunga .Iyi CPSigaragaza amahame yashingiyeho mu guhitamo ibikorwa Banki y’Isi izateramo inkunga Urwanda mu gihe kiri imbere. Muribyo harimo: (i) kugendera ku ntego ebyiri za Banki y’isi arizo kuzamura ubukungu no kugabanya ubukene, ububasha n’ubunararibonye ugereranije n’abandi baterankunga (iii) Gukusanyiriza hamwe igihe cyose gishobotse imbaragan’ubushobozi by’amashami atandukanye ya Banki y’Isi (WBG) mu gukorera hamwe, (iv) Ibyo igihugu cyifuza, (v) kuzirikana imbogamizi zishoboka (risk) mu byerekeye ubushobozi bucye haba kuruhande rwa Kwongera umuvuduko w ’iterambere 5 Leta cyangwa urwa Banki y’Isi. Dushingiye kuri ubwo buryo, iyi CPS ishyira mu byiciro bitatu by’ingenziibyo Banki y’Isi izateramo inkunga leta y’ Urwanda. 10 Ingingo ya mbere:“ kwihutisha izamuka ry’ubukungu rishingiye ku rwego rw’abikorera no guhanga imurimo.” Ibi bikubibyemoko IDA ikora isesengura ry’imirimo ijyanye n’ingufu z’amashanyarazi (kwiga ku kibazo cy’ibiciro bihanitse by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi no kubura kwa hafi erinazo inzitizi kw’iterambere ry’inganda), ndetse no kw’iterambere ry’imijyi (gutera inkunga ingamba za Leta mu guteza imbere urwego rw’inganda no kuyifasha kugabanya ubukene bucyiri hasi mu mijyi), kandi ikanabishoramo imari. Iyi CPS iteganya koIFCizashora imari igaragara mu rwego rw’imari, ibyo bigakorwa ibifashijwemo n’inyigo z’isesengura ikorana na Banki y’Isi. IFC kandi irateganya kuzashora imarimu rwego rw’abikorera, ifatanije naMIGA. IFC na Banki y’isi (WB) bizagira kandi uruhare muri politikin’isesengura by’iterambere ry’abikorera, gushimangiraubufatanye hagati y’inzego za Leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo (PPPs) ndetse no mu birebana no korohereza ishoramari. 11 Ingingo ya kabiri: “Kongera umusaruro n’ amafaranga umukene yinjiza biciye mu iterambere ry’icyaro no kurengera abatishoboye”. Kubera ko abakozi 80 ku ijana batunzwe n’ubuhinzi, uru rwego rufite uruhare runini mu kongera umuare w’amafaranga umukene yinjiza. Ibi bisaba ishoramari mu buhinzi (ku ruhande rumwe kuko bitoroshye kwagura ubutaka buhingwa), mu mirire (kurwanya imirire mibi y`abana bo mu cyaro), kubaka imihanda yo mu byaro n’ishoramari rya IFC mu buhinzi bw’imboga, imbuto n`indabyo, gutunganya no gucuruza umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi ndetse no gushora imari mu bigo by’imari iciriritse. Ku byerekeye kurengera abatishoboye, IDA izashyigikira gahunda yo kwagura uburyo bwo kurengera abatishoboye mu Rwanda, cyane cyane Gahunda y’Icyerecyezo y’Umurenge n’Iterambere ryawo (VUP Umurenge).Izafasha kandi mu guteza imbere itangwa rya 6 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 8 • I n g a m b a M fata n ya b i k o r wa z a B a n k i y ’ I s i n ’ u R wa n d a serivisi,no kuyobora nezandetse no guhuzaimikorere y’inzego zishinzwe kurengera abatishoboye mu gihugu. Hazabaho ishoramari ry’inyongera ku matsinda yihariye y’abatishoboye (urugero: abavuye ku rugerero n’abakorewe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina). 12 Intego ya gatatu: “Gushyigikira imiyoborere myiza biciye mu gucunga umutungo rusange no kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage”. Ibi bishyigikira integoya Letayo kwegereza abaturage ibikorwa bakanagira uruhare mu gufata ibyemezoku bibareba, binafasha Leta kurushaho gukorera mu mucyo ndetse n’abaturage bakagira uruhare mu miyoborere yabo.Muri ibi, IDA izatera inkunga imicungire y’imari ya Leta (PFM), kwongerera inzego z’ibanze ubushobozino kwigenga mw’igenwa ry’ingengamari yazo (fiscal dicentralization), ndetse no kunoza uburyo bw’ibarurishamibare no gushyira ku mugaragaro amakuru (open data). Hari itsinda ririmo kwiga niba hakenewe umushinga wafasha imicungire y’imari ya leta (PFM), kwongerera inzego z’ibanze ubushobozi no kwigenga mw’igenwa ry’ingengamari yazo (fiscal decentralization,) kunoza uburyo bw’ibarurishamibare no gushyira ku mugaragaro amakuru, kugera kumusaruro mwiza kandi uhoraho. (Program for Results—PforR) 13 Icyo izi ntego uko ari eshatu zihuriyeho, n’uko zisaba ko habaho guteza imbere ndetse no gushishikariza ishoramari mu bikorwa by’ubufatanye mu bukungu ku rwego rw’Akarere. Bitewe n’uko u Rwanda rungana n’aho ruherereye, ntirwateza imbere ubukungu ku buryo bushimishije rutinjiye mu bufatanye bukomeye mu ubukungu bw’Akarere. Ibi bikubiyemo ibintu bibiri: icyambere n’ukwagura amasoko ku bafite ubushobozi bwo gushora imari bukaba n’uburyo bwo guhindura “igihugu kidakora ku nyanja” ukakigira igihugu cyugururiye amarembo ipiganwa mu bucuruzi. Ibihugu byo mu Karere bishobora kubera isoko rinini ibicuruzwa nyambukamipaka (exports), cyangwa ry’abakora ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga ndetse n’abakora ubucuruzi Kwongera umuvuduko w ’iterambere 7 nyambukamipaka. Ku bw’ibyo, ubufatanye bw’ubukungu ku rwego rw’Akarere ndetse no kworohereza ishoramariniumusingi w’ubukungu mu gihe kizaza. Icya kabiri, n’uko twizeye koubufatanye mu by’ubukungu mu rwego rw’akarere n’ishoramari ryambukiranya imipaka bizagira uruhare rukomeye mu kurinda ihungabana rya politiki n’umutekano wo mu Karere. 14 U Rwanda rwerekanye ubushake koishoramari mu mishimga itandukanye ihuriweho n’ibihugu byo mu karere k’ibiyaga igari ryakoreshwaku nkunga ya IDA mu karere. Muri ibi twavugamo nko gutera inkunga gahunda yo kubyaza ingufu z’amashanyarazi ku mipaka uruhuza na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ndetse n’u Burundi no guteza imbere ubwikorezi hagati y’ibyo bihugu. IFC na MIGA byiteguye kugira uruhare mu mishinga urwego rw’abikorera rugiramo uruhare (urugero: umushinga wa Rusizi ya 3 wo kubyaza ingufu z’ amashanyarazi). Aho tuvugira aha, bamwe mu bakiriya ba IFC batuye mu Rwanda bakorana n’amasoko yo mugihugu imbere ndetse n’ayo mu bihugu by’ibituranyi, by`umwihariko Uburasirazuba bwa Congo. Mu burasirazuba, Urwanda rwerekanyeubushakemu mishinga itandukanye ishobora gutumakubona inzira irugeza ku nyanja byihuse ndetse no kubona ingufu z’amashanyarazi ahendutse. Gutanga umusaruro 15 Iyi CPS iteganya ko amafaranga yagenwe angana n’ayatanzwe mu bihe byashize, cyangwa akanayarutaho bitewe n’amanota u Rwanda ruzaba rwahawe n’isesengura rizakorwa na Banki y’Isi <>, kandi no kuba rwarahinduye rukajya ruhabwa inguzanyo gusa aho ubundi rwahabwaga infashanyo n’inguzanyo bivanze. Bityo rero, IDA ishobora kuzatanga amafaranga ari hagati ya miliyoni 200 na miliyoni 250 z’amadorari y`Amerika ku mwaka muri iki cyiciro cya IDA17, agashobora gusaranganywa mu mishinga itatu y’ishoramari, ibiriigamije gutera inkuga gahunda yo kunoza imikorere munzego zitandukanye z’imari (PforR- Program for Results) , 8 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 8 • I n g a m b a M fata n ya b i k o r wa z a B a n k i y ’ I s i n ’ u R wa n d a n’umwe urimo ibyiciro bitatu ugamije politike yo guteza imbere igihugu muri rusange (Development Policy Operation- DPO). Ikindi kandin’uko inkunga ya IDA ku rwego rw’Akarere igomba kwifashishwa mu imishinga igihugu cyibona ko yateza imbere igihugu kurusha iyindi. 16 Gutera inkunga igihugu byinyujijwe mu ingengo y’imari (Budget support) byagaragaye koari uburyo bunoze cyanekandi bwizewe bwo kugeza inkunga kubuyobozi bushyigikiye iterambere kandi bukoresha neza inguzanyo n’imfashanyobuhabwa. Ariko ihindagurika mwiboneka ry’imfashanyo rigomba gukurikiranirwa hafi,ari nayo mpanvu iyiCPS iteganya uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuriza hamwe uko inkunga yatangwa bitagoranye. Iyi CPS ntishishikariye cyane inkunga yo mu bwoko bwa DPL (development policy lending). Leta yasabye koIDA17 yakongera amafaranga aganewe u Rwanda iyacishije muri gahunda y’ibikorwa bigamije gutanga umusarurourambye (Program for Results—PforR). Mu gihe ingamba yagenderagaho mu myaka ishize (CAS) Banki y’Isi yatanze 66% by, ink’inkungabinyujijwe mu ingengo y’imari, iyi CPS ishobora gutanga nayo angana nk’ayo ariko akubiyemo PforR na DPO. 17 Ubu IFC ifite imishinga igera ku 10 mu Rwanda ingana amafaranga angana na miliyoni 38 z’amadorari y’Amerika.Hateganyijwe ko iryo shoramari riziyongera rikagerakuri miliyoni 120 z’amadorari y’Amerika mu mpera z’iyi gahunda, igice kinini cy’ayo mafaranga kikazaba kizashyirwa mu rwego rw’imari. IFC iteganya kandi gukorana n’urwego rw’imari ibinyujije mu gutanga inguzanyo mu mafaranga y’u Rwanda, gutanga impapuro z’agaciro, no gufasha mu gushinga ikigo cy’imari iciriritse. Mu rwego rw’ibikorwa remezo IFC ishobora kuzatera inkunga umushinga wa Rusizi III wo kubyaza ingufu z’amashanyarazi, umushinga wa gazi metani (gaz methane) mu kiyaga cya Kivu n’umushinga wo gukwirakwiza amazi mu mujyi wa Kigali. IFC iranateganya gushora imari mu nyubako mu mujyi wa Kigali izakorerwamo ubucuruzi butandukanye. Serivisi y’ubujyanama ya IFC yagiye ishimirwa kenshiinkunga itera guhanga udushya (innovation) ibicishije muri gahunda yayo y’amapiganwa n’ibihembo. Izindigahunda Kwongera umuvuduko w ’iterambere 9 za IFC nk’iyokwihangira imirimo, iyo kworohereza abashoramari hamwe na Gahunda yo gushyiraho amasoko y’impapuro zagaciro afite imikorere inoze (ESMID) by’umwihariko zagizeakamaro kanini cyane. 18 MIGA ubu rifite imishinga ibiri ikora mu Rwanda (KivuWatt na Bakhresa Grain Milling). Iyi mishinga izatwara muri rusange amafaranga angana miliyoni 110 z’amadorari y’Amerika. MIGA ishyigikira ubucuruzi ibinyujije mu mishinga yayo itandukanye irebana ubwishingizi bushobora guturuka ku mpanvu za politike. Muri izi harimo nk’imiziro mw’iyoherezanya ry’amafaranga (Transfer Restrictions), gutanga ingurane mu kwimura abantu mu nyungu rusange (Expropriation), kutubahiriza amasezerano (Breach of Contract), ibibazo by’intambara cyangwa imvururu (War and Civil Disturbance) ndetse no mugihe Leta yaba itubahirije ibyo yiyemeje. Guhangana n’ingorane zavuka 19 Ingarukazishobora kwibasira ubukungu n’igabanya ry’ubukene akenshi zikomoka ku ihindagurika ry’ibihe n’uko urwego rw’abikorera rubona amavugurura (reforms) mu buyobozi. Kongera ingamba zituma ubuhinzi buhangana n’ ihindagurika ry’ibihe, urugero nko kubaka ingomero zo kuvomerera no gukora amaterasi mu mirima Banki y’Isi iteramo Urwanda inkunga, bizaba ari ngombwa cyane. Ingaruka zikomoka hanze zigirano isano n’umuvuduko mu bubufatanye bw’ubukungu ku rwego rw’akarere (regional integration) no kuba hashobora kuvuka amakimbirane mu karere ndetse n’ igabanyuka ry’infashanyo ryihuse kandi ritunguranye cyangwa ihungabana rusange ry’ubukungu bw’isi. Iyi CPS) igamije kugabanya ingaruka ku ihuzwa ry’ubukungu bw’Akarere biciye mu mishinga ihurirwaho n’ibihugu biri mu karere,igamije kandi kugabanya ingaruka z’ihuzagurika (ihindagurika?) ry’infashanyo ibicishije mw’itoranywa ry’uburyo bunoze infashanyo zizamo, iyi CPS kandi igamije kugabanya kugenderacyane ku nkunga ibicishije mu ngamba zo kongera amikoro ava mu musaruro w’imbere mu gihugu. 10 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 8 • I n g a m b a M fata n ya b i k o r wa z a B a n k i y ’ I s i n ’ u R wa n d a