DEVELOPMENT ---================================================---~~.. -- PUTTING KNOWLEDGE TO WORK FOR D E V E LOPMENT "'-:l O C TOBER 2 004 SCALING UP POVERTY REDUCTION 26390 Report on the Shanghai Conference WORLD BANK INSTITUTE Promoling knowl.Jg& ond learning For 0 bene, world MARY MCNEIL \B()( j' TillS ISS( E FOUNDING EDITOR EDITORIAL BOARD he interactive global learning process that T started one year ago did not end with the clos - ing of the Conference. The Shanghai meetings and discussions were only the starting point from SWAM INATHAN S. AIYAR ECONOMIC TIMES Of INDIA, NEW DELliI, INDIA MICHAEL COHEN NEW SCHOOL UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK, USA which to launch global scaling up activities toward the PAUL COLLIER achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. THE WORLD BANK, WASHINGTON, DC, USA This issue of Development OUTREACH is part of the JOHN GAGE ongoing process. It summarizes key concepts and their SUN MICROSYSTEMS, PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA, USA implementation, and serves as a reminder of the work JOSEPH K. INGRAM ahead. Mr. Wolfensohn, in his introductory note, THE WORLD BANK, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND defines the concept of "scaling up" as "taking success - KWAME KARl KARl SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATIONS, ful programs, policies, or projects and expanding, THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGDN, GHANA adapting, and sustaining them in different places and VIRA NANIVSKA overtime." INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR POLICY STUDIES, KIEV, UKRAINE The guest editors for this issue, Frannie A. Leautier, PEP I PATRON Mohini Malhotra and Michele E. de Nevers, illustrate CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY, LIMA, PERU how to leverage one country's successful experiment in J. ROBERT S. PRICHARD TORSTAR,TORONTO,CANAOA poverty reduction in order to accelerate the process in another country. Roberto Zagha gives us a factual RAFAEL RANGEL SOSTMANN MONTERREY TECH UNIVERSITY SYSTEM, MONTERREY, MEXICO overview of poverty reduction in the East Asia and Pacific Region. From the article of Minister Liu Jian, we ADELE SIMMONS CHICAGO METROPOLIS. CHICAGO, IL, USA learn about the government initiatives that lifted mil- VIVIENNE WEE lions of Chinese from poverty. Mark Malloch Brown CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT, GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT, SINGAPORE discusses the role of government and external donors Development OUTREACH is published three times a year by the World in planning and implementing poverty reduction pro- Bank Institute and reflects issues arisin~ from the World Bink's many grams. President Benjamin William Mkapa of Tanzania learninjl programs, Articles are solicited that offer a ranae of viewpomts from a variety of authors worldwide and do not represent writes about the operational implications of the lessons official positions of the World Bank or the views of Its management. learned in Shaghai. Also included are an account by SUNETRA PURl David de Ferranti of the field visit to Brazil, and anoth- EXECUTIVE EDITOR er one by Alan Piazza and Natia Turnava oftheir visit to ANNA LAWTON China. The community- driven approach to poverty MANAGING EDITOR reduction is showcased in the Yemen country study, MOIRA RATCHFORD highlighted here by Yasser EI - Gammal. The article by PUBLICATION DESIGN Han Fraeters paints a lively picture of the role technol- PHOTO CREDITS Cover: lIIustrationWorks; Page 2: Picture l-Deborah ogy played in making ideas reach across borders and Campos, Picture 2-The World Bank; Pages 3-4, 7-8, 10-11, 15-16, cultures- in this case, the GDLN videoconference. No 19,25,28: The World Bank; Page 12: EPA Photos/Adrian Bradshaw; Page 14: Zuma PresslRichard Sobol; Page 20: Deborah Campos, The less important was the role of the youth delegates from World Bank; Pages 22-23: The World Bank; Page 26: Picture 1- around the world in bringing home the message, as Alan Piazza, Picture 2-The World Bank; Page 31: Michael Foley, The World Bank; Page 34: Deborah Campos, The World Bank. described in the article by Michael Jarvis. The aftermath of the conference is a time for action. The lessons learned indicate that only with redoubled This magazine is printed on recycled paper, with soy-based inks. 0 efforts by both the rich and the poor countries will we ISSN 1020-797X 02004 The World Bank Institute be able to stimulate economic growth, reduce poverty, and bring stability to the world. WORLD BANK INSTITUTE -..".......,... program. This included a visit to a slum- upgrading project in the Novos Alagados area, in the outskirts of Salvador, and to a David de Ferranti is Regional Vice President for Lat in America and school in the same community. the Caribbean , The World Bank. The city of Salvador has a population of 2.7 million, of whom 1.2 million people (45 percent) live in squatter settle - 24 Development Outreach WORLD BANK INST I TUTE Ten Good Years A Successful Outcome of the Southwest Poverty Reduction PrOject BY ALAN L. PIAZZA AND NATIA TURNAVA The first field visit to China. as part of the Global Learning Process on Scaling up Poverty Reduction. took place last March. and covered two counties in two provinces and over 4000 kilometers. The field visit focused on the Southwest Poverty Reduction Project (SWPRP) in the context of China 's National Poverty Reduction Program. started in 1995 and completed in 2002. Over 30 participants from 11 countries took part in the trip. including senior officials from donor agencies and representatives from Bangladesh. India. Georgia. and Yemen. in addition to China's and World Bank officials. The first part of the trip consisted of a two -day visit to the picturesque Duan County in Guangxi provinces. and the second part consisted of a seminar on the labor mobili- ty component of the project. Two of the participants have provided a brief account of their experiences and impres- sions during the first part of this field visit. Ten years ago DURING THE FIRST DAYS OF PROJECT PREPARATION in the earlY- 1990s. we recognized the enormous chal- lenges of overcoming poverty in the Karst mountain areas of southwest China. Our previous analysis- China: Strategies for Reducing Poverty in the 1990s-had strongly suggested that only a multisectoral effort could work in these worst affected areas where many children did not complete elementary school, the pub- lic health care system was very weak and still in decline. and the farm population often exceeded the carrying capacity of the land. However. past World Bank experience also strongly indicated that the broad based rural development model had not been success- ful since it often exceeded institutional capacity. Fortunately. an agreement had already been reached that China' s central government and its Leading Group J U l Y 2 0 0 4 25 in assistance for basic education and Ten years later health, drinking water, road access, and other basic rural infrastructure. In partic- ALTHOUGH BEING CONTINUOUSLY IN ular, most of the poor farmers we inter- CHARGE of Bank preparation and viewed expressed an immediate and very supervision of SWPRP, it was not possi- strong desire for off-farm employment. ble for me to return to Duan for many Following our hikes into poor villages years (Duan is just one of the 35 SWPRP during the day, we would discuss the need project counties). It was very difficult to for SWPRP to include support for social imagine the tremendous changes that services-education and health-basic Duan underwent during my absence. infrastructure, and off-farm jobs with the Swept up by the extraordinary growth of local and central government leaders southern China during the last decade, during the evening. and through the dedication of the County The first real breakthrough in these SWPRP Project Management Office for Poverty Reduction (LGPR) would discussions about the project concept (PMO) and lower level project Work provide its full support to project design came on our final day in Duan when we Stations, Duan has undergone a remark- and implementation. This strong sup - hiked into the tiny Yao "natural" village able transformation. Most of the previ- port, we would learn over the next where Magistrate Meng had grown up. 0usly remote villages are now accessible decade, was vital to the eventual success Separated from the outside world by a by road or "farm tractor trackway," most of the Southwest Poverty Reduction long and truly perilous hike up a near children are now in school through at Project's (SWPRP) multisectoral vertical rock wall, Magistrate Meng's least sixth grade, public health care is approach. home village comprised only little more greatly improved, and agricultural pro- Supported by a generous Policy and than 100 people. We found that half of duction has shot up through the use of Human Resource Development grant the youngest children could not afford improved seed, diversification into new from Japan, our team began project to attend the one - room teaching point crops, and supplemental irrigation from preparation in 1993. Our first field visit which included grades one through newly built household water tanks. comprised a team of about 10 Bank staff three . The typical diet consisted only of Supported by SWPRP and taking advan- and consultants and visited Duan corn gruel and some vegetables, the tage of China 's dynamiC economic County in Guangxi in July 1993. We overall health and nutritional status was growth, at least one or two family mem- spent a week in Duan, and were accom- miserable, and our team's doctor judged bers of many households have found off- panied full time by the County that many of the villagers might be suf- farm jobs and their relnittances have Magistrate Mr. Meng Yuguang, LGPR fering from some degree of iodine defi - played a tremendous role in overcolning Vice Director Mr. Gao Hongbin and ciency. During our stay in the village, poverty. Overall, upon my return in other senior staff from Beijing. Duan is Magistrate Meng told us that he was the March ~004, I found Duan's transfor- an Ethnic Minority Autonomous only one of the four children in his fam- mation and reduction in poverty simply County, and the Yao, Zhuang, Miao, ily to have attended school; the family unbelievable. Maonan and other ethnic minority peo - was too poor to afford the costs of ples comprise more than 90 percent of enrolling the other children in school. the county's total population. County His eldest two brothers had both died of Magistrate Meng was himself a Yao, and cholera many years ago. His other broth- had grown up in a very small and er, still living in the family home, was extremely isolated village in Duan. Our mentally disabled (perhaps a result of week in Duan was fascinating and won- iodine deficiency). It was clear that derful, though we were all overwhelmed Magistrate Meng understood far better by the depth of the poverty and had to than we ever could the importance of wonder if anything could possibly help basic education and health in these poor, in these most severe conditions. remote villages . By the end of the day we The original project proposal for Duan had gained each other's trust and confi- County and for all of SWPRP called for dence, and there was no longer any investments in agricultural production (at question but that SWPRP would include 70 percent oftotal project cost) and rural support for basic education and health, enterprise development (the remaining drinking water and other basic infra - 30 percent). However, our many house- structure, and improved access to off- hold visits and interviews in Duan and farm jobs. Our visit to Magistrate Meng's subsequently in the other project counties village was my most memorable and strongly reconfirmed our previous analy- magical day in more than ~o years of sis that the poor were at least as interested work in rural China. 26 Development Outreach WORLD BA N K I NST I TUTE There were many setbacks and difficulties during project implementation, but these were overcome one-by-one OBSERVATIONS BY NATIA TURNAVA through determination and innovative solutions. The "labor mobility" component, which was created to provide the pro- ject's upland poor with improved access to safe seasonal off- farm jobs, had never been attempted before in a World Bank supported project and got off to a very slow start. With strong leadership from the central government, an effective labor mobility placement and monitoring system was eventually established and soon became one of the most successful com- ponents of the project. A second example was the attempt fo revitalize the village cooperative health care system under the basic health component. Unfortunately, it has proven very challenging to re - establish this system in rural China and was completely impossible in these poorest rural areas. The provincial and lower level PMO staff quickly realized this design flaw, and took initiatives to redirect project funds to more cost- effective and practical means of improving health care in the project villages. Another example was the project's attempt to foster enterprise development. While some proj - ect-supported enterprises have done well (particularly those in Duan) , this component was slow moving and had marginal poverty reduction impact. Following repeated efforts to improve the component's performance, all parties finally agreed to simply redirect the remaining funds to village infra - structure activities which were quickly implemented and had a strong and immediate poverty reduction impact. Lessons learned PERHAPS SWPRP ' S MOST IMPORTANT LESSON is that, with strong support from the central and local governments, this multisectoral poverty reduction model can be made to work even in the poorest and most disadvantaged areas . Fortunately, the central government at the highest levels and the State Council's LGPR provided strong support and leader- ship for the project. This support was matched by the institu- tion building component which strengthened the project management system at all levels. It is very clear that the com- plete PMO system, stretching from Beijing through the SWPRP provinces and counties all the way to the many village Work Stations, was fundamental to project success. Another important lesson is that the continuity of the gov- ernment and Bank teams established a basis for the develop- ment of the mutual trust and excellent communications which were vital to overcoming difficulties during project prepara- tion and implementation. Most of the government, PMO and Bank staff and consultants remained in place throughout the ten year project preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. All parties learned from each other, openly discussed issues and reached mutual consensus on appropriate solu- tions' and developed a deep trust and friendship. '"'" Alan L. Piazza is Senior Economist in the Rural Development and Natural Resources Sector (EASRD), The World Bank J U LY 2004 27 Communities in the Driver's Seat BV VASSER EL-GAMMAL activities, capacity building, and adaptation to locale through trial and error. Its inception resulted from the will of the gov- WITH AN ANNUAL PER CAPITA INCOME of barely $450 and ernment, international donor support, and the rule oflaw, and with 4~ percent of its 18 million population estimated to be living its work has furthered the agility and comprehensive reunifi - in poverty, Yemen is among the poorest countries in the world. cation of a geographically and culturally disparate country. The social indicators reflect its income poverty: life expectancy at A focus on actual service delivery and results in a country birth is 56 years, infant mortality is 76 per 1,000 live births, child where very little has been delivered to the poor has caused the malnutrition is 46 percent of children under five, and illiteracy is SFD's reputation to be spread byword of mouth, and increased 5~ percent of the population of fifteen and older. demand from traditionally closed and rightfully suspicious dis- persed tribal communities. Field visits confirmed that commu- Demand-driven approach nity members had heard of the SFD from other communities and contacted the SFD after years of waiting for promised but THE DEMAND - DRIVEN APPROACH defines the success ofthe undelivered services from line ministries. At times, they had Social Fund for Development as founded on community-based been referred to the SFD by the line ministries themselves. 28 Development Outreach WORLD BANK INSTITUTE Whereas parliament debated Phase I funding for close to two oping a state-of-the-art MIS that strengthened communica - months, it ratified Phase II funding in less than two minutes. tions, disseminated e- reports to donors, created a new tool to monitor and evaluate all projects, and facilitated decentraliza - tion' a ~ well as a strong financial system able to provide the PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III (1997-2000) (2001-2003) (2004-2008) complex balance of fidUCiary control with flexibility and speed. Over the years the SFD established seven regional offices Funding (US$ millions) 80 145 400 and invested in the training and capacity building of the staff. Once the main institutional tools- administrative , financial , Number of Projects 1,086 2,000 4,000 and management information systems-were developed, responsibilities gradually shifted to the branches. In the SOllree , Yemen Social Fund. 2004 absence of a blueprint for the process, branches that exhibited increased capacity were delegated more responsibilities. Today, Community-based activities project identification, appraisal, and implementation occur on a regional level while financial transactions remain centralized. THE SOCIAL FUND FOR DEVELOPMENT helped revive the Structurally lean and capaciously expansive, SFD -trained Yemeni tradition of self- reliance through a transparent proj - consultants respond to the growing number of project requests. ect selection process. Pre - project requirements induce They are categorized by sector and geographic locale for ease of immediate and extended communities to organize and prior- mobilization and have a thorough knowledge of project cycles itize works before submitting requests: a local users commit- and the operational manual. Areas of training have included tee provides for more seamless implementation and hastens Participatory Rapid Appraisals, social assessments, and com- ownership, and a tripartite contract signed by the users com- munity mobilization; the more experienced consultants train mittee' line ministry, and SFD delineates future obligations to the novice and produce high- quality reports. The judgment of ensure continued operation and maintenance. Presently, fully the trained staff and by extension, the trained consultants, community- managed subprojects are being piloted, with suc - enables sound funding decisions and economies of scale. cess. Leadership , responsibility, and accountability create community ownership and project-by-project community What has been accomplished ownership is rebuilding a strong civil society. The SFD's transparent procedures, participatory process, AS OF JULY ~003. the SFD had committed a total of US$~13 institutional organization, and close collaboration with all million for 3,035 projects in education, health, water supply, stakeholders have been demonstrative in effect on the newly feeder roads, environment, special needs groups, cultural elected Governorate and District Councils, while SFD support heritage, integrated interventions, micro - credit, and capacity bolsters their nascent operations. With regard to non-gov- building. Out of these, 1,686 projects had been completed. ernmental organizations, their widespread scarcity led the Education is the primary demand of communities and SFD and the Bank to assist in writing the law enacted in ~001 highest government priority, and it is allocated half of all SFD that guarantees a central place in society for NGOs through resources . Projects design, construct, and renovate schools for major training and procurement support. Institutional capac - maximum impact and sustainability: to increase demand and ity is SFD built to serve and support community. enrollment, girls education is treated holistically, taking into account such factors as community outreach campaigns, roads, Scaling up water, and availability of female teachers. Pilot programs test education quality improvements and explore preschool inter- MANAGEMEN T PRACTICES AT THE SFD serve as the founda - ventions, as NGO -sponsored literacy classes receive support. tion for its scaling up capacity. A continuous process of inter- Proficient health monitoring and evaluation indicated that nal coherence, learning, and improvement in service delivery targeting the poor in remote areas by building new facilities was is facilitated through its organizational structure, communica- ineffective for lack of appropriate follow-up by the Ministry of tions system, and culture to achieve objectives. As catalyst of Health. So, the focus shifted to ensuring the availability of change, three primary elements elucidate the SFD's success in health professionals vis -a -vis renovation of existing education- scaling up: focus on institutional capacity, decentralization, a training facilities, provision of updated equipment, capacity and contracting out. building at the MOH , and actual training and fielding of staff. Law No . 10 of 1997 established a politically and fiscally Result outcomes indicated that supply more proportionately autonomous entity, and the Director seized the setting by first met demand and that women living in remote areas were more building strong internal institutional capacity: he hired equal - likely to receive services, in many cases for a first time. ly women and men- again a demonstrative effect in a highly Arid in climate and confronting ground water depletion, traditional society- paid competitive salaries, and used per- activities predominantly harvest surface water in rural areas formance -based contracts with sanctions. Participatory staff using non- mechanized systems such as traditional cisterns, meetings occur weekly on site and tri -annually in Sana' a, and slow sand filters, and hand pumps. Pilots test novice tech- staff training is maximized to produce capacity that meets nolOgies such as fog harvesting and solar pumps. Water- borne demands. Building capacity at the center also included devel - diseases are treated through public awareness campaigns and JU L Y 2004 29 are decreasing. Outcomes show lower costs and risks , A new concept, institutional autonomy became synony- increased sustainability, and improved quality. mous with success. SFD autonomy afforded well -paid human Feeder roads use labor -intensive methods, road user com - capacity and strengthened institutional capacity. A special mittees' and maintenance plans. They aim mainly at poor account established in a commercial bank insured fast pay- rural areas to increase access to commodities and services and ment of contractors and consultants, over time contributing have incurred immediate impacts: on average, prices and to lower project costs. A gender workshop for SFD staff was travel time dropped 40 percent while trips increased 180 per- lambasted by Parliament; yet with half of all impacts affecting cent. Operations and maintenance now are coordinated women, it was embraced by the Yemenis. closely with the Local Councils. A nationwide program, the SFD operates in all ~o gover- Environment is being protected through awareness activi - norates, or the jurisdiction of all the members of parliament. ties, garbage collection, terrace rehabilitation, and sanitation By keeping a low profile and fOCUSing on the actual delivery of projects targeting the urban and semi -urban poor. Where social services to the poor, the strong standings provided capacity is adequate, urban sewerage networks are expanded insulation form politicization. Budget support has been regu- in coordination with the local authorities and simple, natural 1ar and positively incremental. treatment technologies are applied to wastewater. Innovation and communication belie the SFD, introducing Special needs groups support has improved facilities and the demand -driven approach, the contracting of well-paid staff services for the disabled, children-at - risk, women- at- risk, on fixed appointments, the use of a variety of intermediaries, and the socially marginalized. Interventions are based on the and the involvement of all stakeholders in its policy and opera- capacity of the implementing organization, priority of the tar- tional decisions. The notion of building up the capacity of stake - geted population group, and sustainability prospects. holders is also novice, with ample support to community user Cultural heritage activities emphasize the use of tradition- committees, NGOs, contractors, and government agencies. al techniques and local materials, generate income for local The SFD benefited from the experience of other social artisans, and apprentice future artisans. The Old City of funds. Novice, the SFD carried out beneficiary assessments Sana'a has had green spaces revived, streets paved, and the and evaluations to adjust organization and operation policies National Museum expanded and refurbished . and practices to reflect the local context. Special programs for Integrated interventions pilots in four geographic locales vulnerable groups, cultural heritage projects, and cluster-type test heightening of impact. The .. cluster" approach establish- programs were the outcomes of studies: the shift in approach es a development committee and then provides intensive toward micro-finance and health founded long-term social training in formulating development plans by committee and services instead of failures. The current Operational Manual implementing sub -projects according to agreed priorities. reflects the latest in SFD thinking. Mirroring the composition of SFD staff, female participants With foresight, a Japanese Grant and an advance on the IDA are being pursued actively. Credit provided the SFD with the fiscal flexibility to contract Micro - credit is to Yemen a novice industry yet one posi- substantial technical assistance during project preparation tioned well for the future, having built local capacity and ver- and ensure a seaInless transition to operationalization. Pilots satile training modules and tools. Of the breakthrough pro- obviate the elements vital to scaling up projects, and result grams, the SFD was chosen to partner with the United Nations from protracted forethought and planning. in its Micro Start Project in Yemen, and another one of its sav- The funding and technical assistance provided by donor sup- ings - credit programs has established five branches with over port has allowed a very supple institution and highly trained staff 4,~oo savers and 1,500 borrowers, all women. to come into being by prOviding the instruments requisite to a Capacity building was slow to start though impressive oflate. twenty-first century business and the traditions of centuries. The SFD took a pragmatic approach in gradually but systemati- cally working to build the management and technical capacity of Conclusion communities and NGOs. Hundreds of health, school, and water committees were trained . Tens of NGOs received extensive THE SFD HAS PLAYED , and is playing, a unique and critically capacity building activities. The results have been demonstrat- important role in helping alleviate Yemen's major social prob - ed by more sub -project proposals and stronger ability to build lems. Through its demand- driven approach it has introduced development plans for local communities. new concepts concerning community participation, and used NGOs and other intermediaries to the maximum extent. The Why SF D was successful SFD will continue as a house of innovation and experimentation that transfers the models to other government agencies. c"-' THE PRESIDENT OF YEMEN and seniorleadership have sup- ported the SFD, from writing the incipient Law Number 10 in Vasser EI-Gammal is Senior Operations Officer, Human Development 1997 to writing the laws in ~ooo and ~001 strengthening gov- Group for the Middle East and North Africa , The World Bank ·. ernments/ district councils and non-governmental organiza- tions, respectively. The Managing Director has established a nimble, efficacious ~lSt century business to meet the Yemeni needs in social service delivery. 30 Development Outreach WORLD BANK I N STITUTE VVhatVVorks, VVhat Doesn't, and VVhy: A Global Discussion BY HAN FRAETERS T he Global Dialogue "WE ARE NOT REGARDING POOR PEOPLE as the object of charity. Civil society and the poor people are the assets. They THE GLOBAL DIALOGUE used the world -wide Global are the ones who make the projects work. It is our role to facil- Development Learning Network (GDLN) to connect in real itate them becoming part of the solution,» said World Bank time and via videoconferencing Indonesia with Yemen, the President James Wolfensohn during the Global Dialogue on Kyrgyz Republic, and the World Bank's Headquarters in the Community- Driven Development, held in February as part of USA. Mter moderator Mohini Malhotra's introduction- the Global Learning Process preceding the Shanghai "Good afternoon, good evening, goodnight and good morning Conference on Scaling Up Poverty reduction. He was extract- to you all ." Scott Guggenheim, Lead Social Development ing lessons from two case studies that were under discussion. Specialist for the World Bank, based in Jakarta, explained how OCT 0 B E R 2 0 0 4 31 the Kecamatan Development Program (KDP) empowers com- pIe who lectured the whole time and didn't listen. Now, we are munities by placing funds directly in the hands of villagers, as trying to listen. And the way we can listen today, with this new well as by giving them authority over the planning and deci - technology, is constantly a miracle for me ." sion - making process. He paid special attention to the factors that contributed to the rapid and successful scaling up of the T he Global D evelopment Learning program- transparency, the disbursement system, decentral - Network ization, balanced local government involvement, prior testing and experience. THE DIALOGUE on community driven development was far The second case study was presented by Ahdulkarim Al - from a stand - alone event. It was part of a nine - month Global Arhabi, the Yemeni Minister of Social Mfairs and Labor, and Learning Process that brought together hundreds of partici - manager of the Yemen Social Fund. This pants from across the development commu - fund mobilizes communities to help them- nity in a series of learning and knowledge selves, builds their capacity, and supports sharing activities, supported by leading- edge income -generating micro - enterprise activi- information and communication technolo - ties. Again, the primary focus of the presen- gies . Setting up a community of practice of tation was on the lessons learned for scaling hundreds of well - targeted practitioners up-political commitment, learning and worldwide, and sustaining this community experimentation, and flexibility, just to over a nine - month period , and beyond, is mention a few. obviously not possible without the use of In the discussion that followed it became technology. It is even not possible with using immediately clear how useful it was to com- just one technology. It requires a blend of pare the two programs, especially from the technologies: the right technology in the perspective of scaling up . The dialogue right circumstance for the right audience. turned into a lively brainstorming session, a These are some of the main components sort of laboratory of ideas that unexpectedly of the "Shanghai blend" : made it possible to isolate the notion of the · interactive videoconferences for civil ser- decentralized approach as an essential com- vants and highly specialized practitioners to ponent of KDPs project design in Indonesia, learn in "real time" from relevant experi- and test it in the Kyrgyz context. ences under the guidance of a specialized ''What works, what doesn't work, and why." moderator; These three straightforward questions, the · video streaming technolOgies to make those slogan under the logo of the Shanghai experience available on demand for the Learning Process and Conference on Scaling entire development community; Up Poverty Reduction, acquire a whole new · e- mail based discussions for very large dimension when they are asked outside the audiences that have an interest in context of a single project, a single country, a expressing their views and shaping the single sector, or a single continent, i.e. when global agenda; they're asked in relation to another experi- · a database in which all the information is ence, in another place, under different cir- stored in such a way that it can be eaSily cumstances. It's this new dimension that the searched and retrieved; Shanghai Global Learning Process was after. It · a web site that serves as the virtual meet- is the dimension that facilitates Indonesian ing point, a place to direct, inform and solutions for Kyrgyz problems. guide participants. Throughout the conversation between In addition to all that, an effort of this Sana, Bishkek, Washington, and Jakarta, the importance of dimension is impossible without local support. If there is no learning, experimentation, innovation, and tapping into one on the ground and in the field who knows where the needs latent capacity on the local level came to the surface as crucial are, who identifies the right participants to benefit from par- elements for development success, and somehow the mere ticipating in the community, who invites them to the events, celebration of this dialogue seemed to emphasize that. For the who entertains them before, during and after the events, who dialogue was a powerful learning event in itself. It allowed provides them with access to the technology, if none of all that useful ideas to travel across cultures and continents, through happens, it is obvious that no technology will ever succeed in satellites, computers and phone lines. creating such a community of practice. In his final remarks, Wolfensohn underlined the mind and The Global Development Learning Network, which was attitude shift that is taking place through initiatives like the used as the basis for the Shanghai Learning Process, responds Shanghai Global Learning Process and the South -South to all these requirements. GDLN is a partnership of develop - approach built into it. "In the old days," he said referring to ment learning centers around the world , especially in poor "old" World Bank culture, "there were quite a number ofpeo - countries. The Centers are connected to each other by high 32 Developmem Outreach WORLD BANK INSTITUTE speed telecommunications links which enable videoconfer- THE KEY TO SUCCESS encing between groups of people , and provide Internet access in dedicated labs. As a network that aims to enhance aid effec- co ntinu e d fr o m p age 14 tiveness, GDLN puts emphasis on the idea of team learning in groups, and institutional capacity enhancement over individ- ual acc reditation. The rapidly expanding GDLN network The crisis has stimulated a number of positive institutional counts nearly 70 Centers in the world, and each of those changes, however. The constitution has been amended to limit Centers functions as a reliable partner in the field and on the presidential powers, and strengthen checks and balances. For ground for capacity enhancement and knowledge sharing ~004 , direct presidential elections are planned for the first activities organized by any member of the donor community. time in the country's history. New laws on the judiciary will One of the unique features of GDLN lies in the fact that it make it independent from government, and judges are to be does not rely on one single technology, and it is exactly this selected by a judiciary commission rather than being appointed flexibility that was fully exploited in the Shanghai Global by the President. A free press and media are thriving, and a Learning Process. The network provides video streaming wide range of civil society organizations and NGOs has sprung services, or webcasting, through B-SPAN, the internet - based to life. This partial listing illustrates the central point: institu- broadcasting station that hosts capacity enhancements work- tional innovation and adaptation is happening rapidly across shops, seminars and conferences on a variety of development East Asia. This will inevitably be a long-term process. topics . All the sessions from the Shanghai Conference as well There is broad recognition across the region that improv- as the already mentioned pre -conference dialogues are avail- ing corporate governance and legal systems are the most able on demand via B- SPAN. For e-discussions, the urgent priorities. The latter will require far reaching reforms Development Forum is used. The Development Forum is an . in each country. In Korea, there have been strict limits on the electronic venue that relies on listserv technology for dialogue number oflaw school graduates. By ~ooo , the whole legal pro - and knowledge sharing among members of the development fession, including judges and prosecutors , numbered fewer community. Thousands of young people participated in the e - than 7,000 , only slightly more than in Hong Kong, China, discussions in preparation for Shanghai. with one-eighth of Korea's population. Indonesia faces the problem oflaws that are good on the books, but where imple - T he future: Scaling up the Shanghai mentation is perceived to be subject to influence. China start- idea? ed to reform its legal system in the early 1980s and the judici- ary has been increasingly active in setting economic disputes, A COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE only makes sense if it is sus - particularly in the most advanced parts of the country, and tained over time. Therefore, the Shanghai Conference, which this has facilitated formalization of contracts. China entry in gathered more than 1000 participants, including five heads of the WTO further reinforces the role of formal legal proceed - state, around the concept of scaling up poverty reduction, was ings' but Chinese laws still need to be made compatible with all but the final destination of an exciting nine month learning WTO requirements. In addition, at present, the role of the journey. Rather, it was the perfect, extra- ordinary event that courts is made much more difficult from the start because was needed to create momentum and to provide the energy they adjudicate, but do not interpret the laws . Enforcement is required to take the Shanghai idea to scale. another problem because the courts do not have primacy over ~ Over a few years, people will talk about scaling up devel - the executive, and many court rulings are simply ignored. opment projects as if there's nothing new to it, as if the con- The development experience contains many examples of cept has always been with us", Wolfensohn said during the countries with episodes of high growth. East Asia's distin- global dialogue on community driven development. If he's guished achievement has been establishing institutions and right, Shanghai will have proven to be a success. ,,., implementing institutional and policy changes to transform these episodes into long-term trends-a feat that few coun- Han Fraeters is Learning Specialist with the Global Development tries in the world have achieved. At each phase of develop - Learning Network Division, The World Bank Institute. ment there is a legitimate question as to whether a country will be able to meet the challenge of changing institutions Visit: and mustering the consensus that can support higher levels B·SPAN: www.worldbank.orglbspan of income. East Asia's miracle has been its ability to meet Development Forum: www.worldbank.org/devforum this challenge. "" Global Development Learning Network: www.gdln.org Shanghai Global Learning Process and Conference: N. Roberto Zagha is Economic Adviser, Poverty Reduction and www.reducingpoverty.org Economic Management (PREM) Network, The World Bank. This article is based on a more extensive report, " Lessons and Challenges from China, Indonesia, Korea and Malaysia," prepared together with Oleksiy Shvets, PREM, The World Bank. OCT 0 B E R 2 0 0 4 33 Looking to the Future A Leading Role for Youth in the Shanghai Learning Process BY MICHAEL jARVIS was vital to include the voice of youth within the learning process at Shanghai. It was therefore fitting that Lerato Molefe AMONG THE HUNDREDS OF DELEGATES who participated in from Botswana, representing the young leaders present, made the conference on Scaling Up Poverty Reduction in Shanghai the final contribution to the conference's closing session. was a small but important group of young people. With half of Lerato had not even met her counterparts when the fifteen the world's population now aged under 24, World Bank young leaders first arrived in Shanghai from allover the world President James Wolfensohn strongly argues that youth are not in the days prior to the conference. They had all previously only the future but also very much "the now". Given that pover- taken part in various World Bank youth- related activities ty impacts the lives and hopes of young people so severely, it through events in their specific countries or via distance 34 Development Outreach WORLD BANK I NST I TUTE learning. thus ensuring that there would be continuity with Learning Process to young people in our countries." ongoing youth work. The youth program at the conference included separate The participants came from all major regions of the world. workshop sessions for the young participants each day. The and countries as diverse as Cameroon. Egypt. Kenya. group found separate consultations with both Mr. and Mrs. Macedonia. Mexico. Russian Federation. Turkey. Botswana. Wolfensohn to be invaluable. These discussions helped to Brazil. Zambia. Uganda and Vietnam. In order to be inclusive pinpoint the need for youth to focus on a few core areas, and of the large segment of society that is disabled in some way. challenged young people worldwide to demonstrate not only three young people with disabilities and two assistants to the good ideas but also the capability to implement projects effec- disabled were included in the group . These fifteen partici- tively. One topic of particular interest to both Mr. Wolfensohn pants were also joined by four young Chinese and by the vol - and the future leaders was how available technology should unteers who assisted the Shanghai Conference organizers. best be leveraged to support youth initiatives and make the Youth participation and action -oriented learning on the issue most of what youth has to offer. of how best to scale up poverty reduction actually began months As the other delegates departed, the youth participants before May. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program enjoyed one additional day. Activities included not only sharing at the World Bank Institute (WBI) coordinated a series of youth experiences and lessons from the conference with local stu- inputs. building on its experience of working with young people dents. but visits to two successful small enterprises that have globally. This process reached thousands of been started by young people and are current- young people and generated specific youth 1y engaged in poverty alleviation through cor- recommendations that were shared with the porate social responsibility, and a visit to the delegates in Shanghai. Back in February. over offices of the Shanghai Youth Business 1.300 young people from apprOximately 100 Council, which trains young entrepreneurs. countries joined a "virtual dialogue." The None of the momentum generated by the Poverty Challenge in a New Millennium: Defining interaction at Shanghai has been lost since. Roles for Youth and the Next Generation of The lessons of Shanghai are already being dis- Leaders. They were eager to exchange their seminated. Immediately after the conference. ideas and views and were further motivated by youth participants presented the conference a letter from Mr. Wolfensohn thanking them findings to youth audiences in Beijing and the for their active participation. Philippines. The next week, Mr. Wolfensohn This e-conference was followed by met with a group of young Russian students regional dialogues which captured youth per- and professionals to discuss the issues that spectives on key topics in poverty alleviation they see as critical to their country's future. He relevant to particular regions. such as credi- also participated in the opening videoconfer- bility of youth as partners in development. ence of the Moscow GDLN Center that linked youth employment issues and entrepreneur- young people in Russia, Moldova, and Serbia ship. This process cubninated in a confer- and Montenegro. The videoconference ence held at the World Bank headquarters in speCifically explored how to broaden and Washington. D.C. in March. which brought these strengthen youth participation in poverty reduc- issues to young professionals and students at tion jump started in Shanghai. leading institutions in the United States and The youth group proposed a joint action plan linked them via videoconference to youth in Mrica and Latin with specific ideas on what they can contribute to scaling up America. They shared ideas on how young people in leading success in the fight against poverty. One proposal was to max- econOlnies can best support their counterparts in combating imize the utility of available technologies, such as e- poverty around the world. Conferences and GDLN to build global youth networks where - The spirit of sharing was one of the essential ingredients to by young people themselves can expand the learning from the success of the Shanghai process. and it was embodied in Shanghai beyond capital cities and elite institutions to reach practice by the exchange of ideas and experiences among the their counterparts in remote regions where access to knowl - youth representatives. and all the conference participants. As edge is scarce. The successful involvement of youth continues Rafael Pinto from Brazil remarked. the conference provided the to be "scaled up" in line with the goals of the Shanghai youth representatives with an "enormous opportunity to learn Learning Process as a whole. cA> and identify what solutions must be sought out and worked on in order to improve the lives of the millions of people who live in Michael Jarvis is a Consultant with WBI Finance and Private Sector poverty today." Olga Melitonyan from Russia echoed Rafael in Development. noting the "great opportunity to learn the experience of more than 100 countries." Olga also recognized the "great responsi- For more information on the World Bank's work with youth , please bility for every member of our youth team, because we should contact Viviana Mangiaterra, Adviser, Children and Youth champion and take forward new ideas. opportunities and les- (vmangiaterra@worldbank.org). For details of the WBI CSR program, sons learned during the conference and ongoing Shanghai please contact Ojordjija Petkoski (dpetkoski@worldbank.org). OCT 0 B E R 200 4 35 Highlights of Media Coverage MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE SHANGHAI CONFERENCE exceeded all ment messages. The potential audience reached could amount to expectations. This was in large part due to the inclusion of media hundreds of millions. at the various stages of the Learning Process, which preceded the Six journalists on the media tour visited the Bhoomi IT project in conference and extended over a period of nine months. Learning Bangalore in southern India and the Kecamatan sites in Indonesia. activities were inclusive of reporters from developed and develop- The Economic Times of India, reported in February: "Karnataka's ing countries, as well as print and broadcast media. As a result, the government efforts to take technology to the grass-root levels has message of scaling up poverty reduction was understood, accept- received a shot in the arm. The World Bank has selected Bhoomi, ed, and reported from the beginning to the end of the process. the state's land record computerization project as part of its Several factors created an increasing spiral of awareness Shanghai Learning Process" (213/04). among the reporters. Firstly, it was important to give the confer- By the time the conference began, the print and broadcast ence a strong identity and to make sure the concept of scaling up media already had a wealth of knowledge on the subject acquired was understood. Secondly, the media were continuously provided through the many activities that comprised the learning process. with substantive and focused content through the web and printed This information was reinforced by press kits, fact sheets on field materials-such as an interactive website with case study sum- visit case studies, a media guide (listing main spokespersons) and maries, backgrounders, media advisory, op-ed articles, press announcements of major press events. Over 400 media registered releases, brochures, and posters. Thirdly, and this was perhaps the for the conference. Almost half were foreign journalists from vari- decisive factor, the media were invited to participate in Field Visits ous world regions, while the other half were media from China. and the Media Tour. There was a good balance between media from developed coun- As early as February, the Ugandan Newspaper The Monitorwrote tries and media from developing countries, as well as between print on the occasion of a field visit: "The Bank has chosen Uganda and and TV/radio. six other countries to be showcased at the world summit on scal- Over 200 print reports, numerous radio packages, and massive ing up poverty reduction in Shanghai, in May ... The Bank will show TV coverage have highlighted the Conference events. According to that strong leadership and 'democratic participation' were impor- an unofficial estimate (number of articles multiplied by circula- tant in Uganda's ability to reduce poverty" (219/04). tion), the print media reached an audience of 15 to 20 million, with- In addition to the field trips, a number of reporters were invited out counting the reports from the Chinese media. The reach to take part in a media tour of India and Indonesia, which were the through radio and TV coverage is estimated to have been enor- subject of case studies. Among those who participated in the media mous. Each of the 8 documentaries on the field visit case studies tour were reporters from The Irish Times; Latin America's EFE News shown on BBC World TV Life program reached an estimated audi- Service; Canada's National Post, Vancouver Sun, and Canwest Wire; ence of 260 million. The documentaries are now being shown on DPA (German wire agency), FeatureStory News; SA8C (South numerous local television stations worldwide. The conference web- Africa); Channel News (Asia); Deutsche Welle Radio and TV; Radio site received nearly 175,000 successful requests in May alone. New Zealand; and the 88C TV-Earth Reports. Including broadcast All the reports from May 22 to well into June took up the clarion reporters on the media tour helped to scale up the potential audi- call for poverty reduction and supported the South-South exchange ence who will be exposed to unique stories featuring key develop- of lessons learned as a way forward on how to scale up. PRE-CONFERENCE COVERAGE The M Conference that opens tomorrow in Shanpai-Will celebrate this prallllatism. "The World Bank today begins an International Rather than treating development as a conference In China 011 reducing poverty that will, quasi-science (Copenhagen consensus), it will according to James WoHensobn, Its president, change present it as an art, in which the heroes are the way the Bank does business····There is at least a the resourceful managers who implement chance that the efforts to build a new 'Shanpai programs···· It will feature bottom up case consensus' will tum attention away from the studies presented by third world practitioners···· sometimes tired debate about the Washington The deleptes from the rich North will be there to consensus··.·The focus is moving from the question listen to them. It will be hard to turn the conference of what needs to be done to bow countries should into newspaper headlines. But it will have captured go about poverly redaction." the real spirit of development" -Financial TimBS, May 25 -Washington Post, May 24 POST-CONFERENCE COVERAGE M 'Every day we protect human rllhts' MThe Indonesian delelates to the World Just as the task of the 19th century U he [Mr Wonensohn] said durlnl our Bank sponsored International Conference was to abolish slavery and the 20th conversation. 'In tenas of poverty, In terms on poverty reduction In Shanpai last wllk century to eradicate fascism, .·· so H of pndar, in terms of kids. In terms of should be able to brinl home a Kreat deal may be the responsibility of this era labor-wllat we are dolnlls dealinl wHh of knowledle and Information to help to brinl an end to worid poverty." mn ami JII8I'I of the important issues of improve the country's Poverty Reduction - Th. Irish Tim.s, May 29 I1aIds. in particular the Issue of poverty StrateD Paper, which Is currently In the and the J1&M to have a decent Ine: " final stale of preparation." -Vanclltmr SIIR, Jun,4 - Jakarta Post, Jun. 2 MChina lias offered the world a lesson in how to lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty at an International conference which underlined HI &mellence as a powerful aHernative to the western model of development. ··· China's economic expansion has been on a scale and at a spHd the world has never seen before. Since openinl its economy in 1978, China has accounted for three-quarters of all the people in the world IHIed out of abject poverty···· WIth factories openlnl and the ports boominl, China is now the world's fourth blKPst tradinl nation and the main draw for forellA investment." -Th. Hindu, May 29 A PARTIAL LIST OF MEDIA COVERAGE UNITED STATES AND CANADA The Hindu (India) BBC World News OIario do Grande ABC (Brazil) The New Nation (Bangladesh) (3) Burgun (Turkey) OIario Monitor (Mexico) APTV The Organization of Asia-Pacific News Business Report (on-line) HE (Mexico) Kansas City Star Agencies (3) Deutsche Presse Agentur (Germany) EI Cronista (Argentina) The Associated Press (3) The Saigon Times Daily (2) Die Presse (Austria) EI Deber(Bolivia) The Vancouver Sun (Canada) (3) Yomiuri (Japan) Dow Jones International News EI OIario (Bolivia) (3) Voice of America Hews.com Financial Mail EI Economista (Mexico) Washington Post (2) CHINA Financial Times (4) EI Financiero (Mexico) Yahoo Hews (USA) 7 CCTV channels (English, Chinese) GlaubeAktuell (Germany) Ellmparcial (Mexico) AFRICA AFX International Focus International Herald Tribune EI Mexicano (Chihuahua) Business Daily Update (5) Interpress (3) EI Nacional (Venezuela) Business Report (South Africa) Business Forum La Tribune (France) EI Norte (Monterrey) (Mexico) Independent Ghana Caijing Magazine Le Figaro EI Sol de Mexico (Mexico) SABC (South Africa) China Daily (7) + 2 four-page supplements Le Monde (France) EI Universal (Mexico) Tanzania News Chinaview.com (3) Les Echos (France) Excelsior (Mexico) ASIA EastDay.com (2) Liberation (France) (2) Folha de Sao Paulo (Brazil) English.eastday.com M2 Presswire (2) Formato 21 (Mexico) Asian Wall Street Journal Interiax (China) Milliyet (Turkey) Gazeta Mercantil (Brazil) (2) Bangladesh Observer Oriental Times Nachnem S Ponedelnika (Kazakhstan) Idea TV (Brazil) Bangladesh TV (3 channels) People's Daily Nurnberger Nachrichten (German) Imagen Informativa (Mexico) BBC Radio Asia People's Daily online OsterDowJones Commodity Wire La Hora (Ecuador) (2) Business Standard (India) Shanghai Daily (3) Reuters (2) La Jornada (Mexico) Channel News Asia Daily News (Sri Lanka) Shanghai Dragon TV Reuters News La Reforma (Argentina) (2) Shanghai Satellite TV RFI (France) Milenio (Mexico) Dawn (Pakistan) Shanghai Star RIA Novosty (Russia) Monitor (Mexico) Economic Times India (2) Shanghai TV (English, Chinese) Servicio Universal de Noticias (Spanish) Mural (Guadalajara) (Mexico) Far Eastern EconomiC Review Sinofile (3) Spanish TV MVS radio (Mexico) Financial Express (3) Sino File Information Services Stern (Germany) Notimex (Mexico) Hindustan Times (India) Hong Kong Asia TV The South China Morning Post (4) Suddeutsche Zeitung (Germany) (2) oEstado de Sao Paulo (Brazil) Inter Press Service Xinhai Agency The Guardian (UK) (3) oEstado do Parana (Parana) (Brazil) Jakarta Post (Indonesia) (3) Xinhua News Agency (10) The Irish Times (3) oGlobo (Brazil) Xinhua's China Economic Information The Times (UK) Ovaciones (Mexico) Kyodo (Japan) Service Agencia Jornal do Brasil (Brazil) Programa de radio Fox Contigo a nivel Kyodo News nacional (Mexico) Agencia Mexicana de Hoticias, NOTIMEX Manila Bulletin (Philippines) EUROPE (Mexico) (2) Publico (Guadalajara) (Mexico) Matamalcom (Bangladesh) Canal 11 (Mexico) Radio 13 (Mexico) Agence France Presse (4) Mongolian TV Canal 22 (Mexico) Radio F6rmula (Mexico) Agencia HE - Servicio Economico New Age (Bangladesh) (2) Canal 40 (Mexico) Reforma (diario y pagina web) (Mexico) Anadolu Ajans (Turkey) New Nation (Bangladesh) (2) Televisa (Mexico) Analytica News Today (Bangladesh) LATIN AMERICA Televisa Radio (Mexico) ARD Radio (Germany) NHK (Japan) Tv Azteca (Mexico) Associated Press Newswires (3) Pakistan News Canal 52 (Mexico) BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific (3) Uno mas Uno (Mexico) Press Trust of India Cr6nica (Mexico) BBC Monitoring Newsfile Valor + News (Brazil) Rediff.com (India) Cupula Empresarial (Mexico) BBC News (UK) Vanguardia (Mexico) (2) Taipei Times (Taipei. Taiwan) CV7 (Guadalajara) (Mexico) BBC Radio 4 YahOO! (Brazil) (2) The Daily Star (Bangladesh) (2) Diario Catarinense (Brazil) BBC Spanish " '\ () \\ L I·: 1)(; I·: R I·: S () { R C L S II SCALING UP POVERTY ed in 1999, a review of which was completed in July ~004, REDUCTION: A GLOBAL ADB, together with other development partners, helps its LEARNING PROCESS AND developing member countries (DMCs) achieve their CONFERENCE IN poverty reduction goals . These goals are now aligned with SHANGHAI the Millennium Development Goals to halve persistent This website provides poverty by ~015 . The site features : Poverty Reduction the information on the Strategy, Millennium Development Goals, Regional and Shanghai Conference, Country Activities, Poverty and Development Indicators, May ~5 - ~7' ~004, includ - Documents and Publications, News abd Events, others. ing: the rationale behind Visit: www.adb.org/poverty the conference, the conference program, outcomes, case studies, global dialogues, field visits, resources, and feed - back. Through "Resources," one has direct access to a comprehensive database of case study videos, documen- CARE taries, and flash presentations, and can view the multime - operates in more than dia excursion around the world called Development 360°. 60 countries around the One can also read and download several speeches and world, working with poor presentations, as well as most case studies. communities to find last- Visit: www.reducingpoverty.org ing solutions to poverty. We look at the big picture of poverty and go beyond the symptoms to confront POVERTYNET the underlying causes. is a website of the World With a broad range of programs based in empowerment, Bank, providing resources equity and sustainability, CARE seeks to tap human and support for people potential, to leverage the power of people and , in doing working to understand so, to unleash a vast force for progress. - ~-=-- and alleviate poverty. The site highlights several top - ics and programs: Social Capital for Development- Visit: www.careusa.org norms and networks that enable collective action; ACCION INTERNATIONAL Understanding Poverty- how poverty can be defined, aims to give people the measured, and studied through a variety of indicators; tools they need to work Understanding Impact Evaluation- information and their way out of poverty. resources for people and organizations working to assess By providing " micro" and improve the effectiveness of interventions aimed at loans and business train- reducing poverty; and others. Subscription to PovertyNet ing to poor women and Newsletter is available through the site. men who start their own Visit: www.worldbank.org/poverty businesses, ACCION's partner lending organizations help people work their own way up the economic ladder, with dignity and pride. With capital, people can grow their own businesses. They can ADB: POVERTY earn enough to afford basics like running water, better REDUCTION food and schooling for their children. is a website of the Asian Visit: www.accion.org Development Bank. Poverty reduction is a strategic objective of the Bank. Through the imple - mentation of its Poverty Reduction Strategy adopt- 38 Development Outreach WORLD BANK INSTITUTE B () () l\. S II F L I· 13EORBF A'lJTTEY AFRICA UNCHAINED: societies. Instead they produce a new class of extremely THE BLUEPRINT FOR wealthy plutocrats- individuals as rich as nations. AFRICA'S FUTURE, by George B.N. Ayittey. Palgrave MacMillan, December 2004. GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT Instead of bemoarllng the myriad 2004: POLICIES AND ACTIONS difficulties facing the continent FOR ACHIEVING TH E today, the author proposes a MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT program of development- a way GOALS AND RELATED forward- for Africa. Africa Unchained investigates how Africa OUTCOMES, World Bank, 2004. can modernize, build, and improve its indigenous The Millennium Development institutions, and argues that Africa should build and expand Goals set clear targets for upon traditions of free markets and free trade rather than eradicating poverty and other continuing to use exploitative economic structures. The sources of human deprivation. Following major economic model here is uniquely African and takes little international meetings came broad agreement on the heed from the developed world; this is sure to be a highly goals and strategies to achieve them. The Global controversial plan for moving Africa forward. Monitoring Report draws attention to priorities for action and related accountabilities. Produced in cooperation by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), POWER TO THE PEOPLE: HOW THE COMING and other international partners, the Report assesses how ENERGY REVOLUTION WILL TRANSFORM AN the various parties- developing countries, developed INDUSTRY, CHANGE OUR LIVES , AND MAYBE c ountries, and international financial institutions-are EVEN SAVE THE PLANET, playing their part under the agreed development by Vijay V Vaitheeswaran. Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2003. partnership and highlights progress on the development The author sees great opportunity in the energy realm policy agenda . today. Power to the People is his fiercely independent and irresistibly entertaining look at the economic, political, and technological forces that are reshaping the world's CHINA AND THE WTO: management of energy resources. The book documents an ACCCESSION , POLICY REFORM, energy revolution already underway- a revolution as radical AND POVERTY REDUCTION as the communications revolution of the past decades. By STRATEGIES, avoiding the traditional binaries that pit free markets by Deepak Bhattasali, Shantong Li, against the wisdom of conservation and the need for clean and Will Martin, eds. World Bank energy, the book debunks myths without debunking hope. and Oxford University Press, 2004. This book analyzes the nature of the reforms involved in China's WORLD ON FIRE: HOW EXPORTING accession to the WTO, their FREE MARKET DEMOCRACY implications for the world economy, and the implications BREEDS ETHNIC HATRED AND for individual households, particularly the poor. GLOBAL INSTABILITY, Individual chapters by leading scholars analyze the nature by Amy Chua. Anchor Edition, 2004. of the reforms in key areas, such as agriculture , services, Apostles of globalization believe that intellectual property and safeguards, and anti - dumping. exporting free markets and democracy The book also includes a series of studies that assess the to other countries will increase peace implications for households, taking into account the and prosperity throughout the social safety net poliCies applying in China, and the developing world. Amy Chua's book is be a dash of cold impacts of complementary policies in areas such as labor water in the face of globalists as she shows that just the market reform and investments in human capital. Of opposite has happened: When global markets open, ethnic interest to policymakers, academe and students studying conflict worsens and politics turns ugly and violent. Drawing international trade issues and to practitioners in the area on examples from around the world- from Africa and Asia to of trade and development. Russia and Latin America-Chua examines how free markets do not spread wealth evenly throughout the whole of these OCT 0 B E R 2 0 0 4 39 C .\LE:\J)\R OCTOBER 2004 Paris. France www.oecd.org 2- 3 Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Kathleen.mechali@oecd.org Fund and the World Bank Group Washington. DC 17-25 3rd mCN World Conservation Congress bfcoffice@Worldbank.org Bangkok, Thailand www.worldbank.org www.iucn.org/congress/index.cfm 4-6 Traditional Healing and HIV/AlDS DECEMBER 2004 Dakar. Senegal www.africa- first.com!4 thictm.asp 6-17 Tenth Session of the Conference of the Parties On Climate Change 4-7 Youth Employment Summit (YES) Buenos Aires. Argentina Boca del Rio. Veracruz. Mexico http://unfccc.intlindex.html www.iyp.oxfam.org 14 Post Traditional Environments in a Post Global 28-30 International Mayors Meeting on ECOPROFIT World. International Association for the Study -Sustainable Development in a Public- Private of Traditional Environments Partnership Sharjah. Dubai. United Arab Emirates Graz. Austria Tel: 51O-64~ - 68ol. Fax: 510 - 643-5571 www.iclei.org/ itc/ ecoprofit iaste@berkeley.edu http://arch.ced.berkeley.eduiresearchiiaste NOVEMBER 2004 JANUARY 2005 4-8 World Rice Research Conference Tokyo. Japan 10-14 International Meeting for the 10 - Year www.irri . org/wrrc~oo4/default.htm Review of the Barbados Program of Action For the Sustainable Development of the Small 11-12 Global Forum on Sustainable Development: Island Developing States Development and Climate Change Port- Louis. Mauritius www.un.org/eventslindex.html Subscription Order Form SUBSCRIBERS FROM DEVELOPING NAME COUNTRIES WILL CONTINUE TO RECEIVE THE MAGAZINE FREE OF CHARGE . TI TLE ORGANIZATION SUBSCRIPTION FEE APPLIES TO READERS IN THE FOLLOWING DEVELOPED COUNTRIES: ADDRESS _______________________________________________________ Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France , Germany, Greece , Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, CITY AND STATE OR PROVINCE ________________________________________ Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, COUNTRY _______________________________________________________ United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, and Vatican City. ZI P I POSTAL CODE ________________________________________________ PHONE ________________________________________________________ ~x __________________________________________________________ Please print or type all information E·MAIL ______________________________________________________ a YES, sign me up for Development Outreach Please do not send cash . Make checks payable to Development OUTREACH/WBI. for 2005 for just $18 o Check no. ________ in the amount of $_ _ _ is enclosed . (three issues per Mai I order to: calendar year, January- Editor, Development OUTREACH December) The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW, Room J2·200 Washington, DC 20433 USA Subscribe to a flagship magazine that is on the cutting edge in the field of global knowledge for development, reaching 20,000 readers in 130 countries. Advertise to reach a unique international audience of business leaders, policy makers, government officials, academics, economic journalists, research institutions, and civic organizations. The 'G lobal Development Learning Network is a partnership of more than 60 distance leaming REDEFINE THE GEOGRAPHY F centers and other public, private, and non-governmental organizations around the world YOUR DEVELOPMENT BUSINfS committed to development leaming and development dialogue for lasting poverty reduction. · CO.lllu.. lcat. with your directly to your clients in the field at · Mark your pr...nc. In cou....rparts !lulckly a .... lower costs, and participants can local, r.,lonal, a .... ,I.bal co....fhdlv.ly. immediately apply new knowledge ...".I.p.....t .. Ial.,u··· Through a combination of and skills in their work. Leverage More than 30,000 people customized distance learning GDLN Centers' national and regional participate in GDLN events every technologies and methods, GDLN networks to mobilize local knowledge yeor. Dialogues and learning connects development practitioners and resources and access the very exchanges among developing around the world for consultation, best expertise in any field , anywhere countries are a common feature . coordination, knowledge sharing, in the world . For example, countries in Africa, and training. GDLN Centers have Asia, and Latin America share facilities for videoconferencing, · Explor. n.w bu.ln ... experiences about education web-based learning, and face-to- opporlunltl ··· reform , HIV/AIDS prevention, face interaction and also offer Tap into GDLN's exceptional and other key development logistical support and facilitation association of partners - international issues. Partners and participants services. These provide affordable, development agencies, public and from the public and private fast, and high-impact alternatives private sector organizations, civil sectors, non-governmental to traditional meetings and courses. society and non-governmental organizations, foundations, and organizations, and training institutions academia around the world · Rethink capacity bull.. I.. , around the world. make GDLN a uniquely diverse a .... tech .. lcar aul..a ..ce. learning community. Through GDLN, you can deliver learning and traming activities GDLN in action: Interactive videoconferences with participants in Afghanistan and Latin America NEW AND NOTEWORTHY TITLES FROM WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS --- World Development Report 2005: Global Monitoring Report 2004: PUBLICATIONS BY FRANIjOIS . . . .IGNON, A Bener Investment Climate for Everyone Policies and Actions for Achieving the Millennium THE WORLD BANK CHIEF B:OIIOMIST Development Goals and Related Outcomes World Development Report 2005 looks at what The new Global Monitoring Report Th, Imp,t:I ot M,t:I'IIEctRIomlr 1'0111:1. governments can do to provides an integrated assessment on I'ore", ,mll_mB Dlslrlllllllon: improve the investment of the policies and actions needed M't:rD-MIt:rD Llnlrag, Mlldsll climates of their societies to achieve the Millennium ~ 8ourg/JiDnon and lJJiz A f1rIrrIR til SM. BdItr1tJ to help spur growth and Development Goals, which set clear targets for eradicating A companion to the besIseIIar. ."", Impact of Et:tJnomIc reduce poverty. It identifies PoIIt:IBs 01/ PowIty and IIIDOmB 0IsIrlIJuII0n, thlllllle deals poverty, combating HIVIAIDS and with IheoI8llcal chaIIanges and ~ IIIICIO-fIIicro the opportunities and other diseases, and other sources IIn1c1ga models. The authors COfI1IIII8 the prd:IIva and challenges governments of human deprivation. Produced in cooperation with anaIyIIcaJ power of various macro-mlcro IInIGIgalllchnlques face in making investment using the tradlllonal RHG approach as allnl1maJlc to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other climate improvements, and suggests practical MIuaI8 sIandard poIIdas. such as staIIIIIaIIon pac/aIge international partners, the Report assesses how the strategies for accelerating progress. In doing so, and a typical structuraillform 1JIIIICr. various parties - developing countries, developed it draws on new sources of micro-level data - countries, and international financial institutions - 06ctImbBr 2004. Stock 110. A1571B (ISBN fHIfH71B.6). including surveys of more than 26,000 firms in over PricB USS45. are playing their part under the agreed development 50 countries - as well as country case studies and partnership and highlights progress on the a range of other new research. This Report offers TIIB Mlm",,,,,,/a of I _ 0"",I11III", development policy agenda. practical insights not only for policymakers and their o,um/a In EIII AsJ.1IIfI1.IIIIII AmIItIa June 2004. 224 pages. Stock no. A15859 advisors, but for all those with an interest in growth (ISBN 0-8213-5859-6). Price US$26. FfBnpJIs Bourgu/fJllOll, FtRIIDo H. G. ,.". and poverty reduction in developing countries. and Nora LustIg, tIdIIDIS PLUS: World Development Report 2005 includes Green miniAtlas A majOr new contribution to the study of how income distributions In developing countries 8„OIva over time. The selected data from World Development Indicators. The second title in the miniAtlas authors propose a generalization of the WIIHcnown oaxaca- A copubllcatlon 01 the World Bank and . " series, the Green miniAtlas is an Blinder decomposition of dlffaranc:es In mal . . . "at-a-glance" guide to the most IXt8ndlng It to entll1 dlstr1bullons of houseIiaId IncomeS. Oxford Unirerslty PrBss ~ .~ : The authors apply this approach to three EIIII ~ Paperback: September 2004. Stock No. A15682 ~ ~...I '---11" - - - pressing environmental .:~ -~ countries - Indonesia. Malaysia and Taiwan - ... " four (ISBN 0-8213-5682-8). Price US$26. problems around the world. It countries In latin America - ArgentIna. Brazil, Colombia Hardcover: September 2004. Stock No. A15724 (ISBN 0-8213-5724-7). Price US$50. '. - JCI .. - draws on data from the World Bank's Little Green Data Book, and MexIco. These country studies unpack CIIIIQIIax Income distribution dynamics over periods of one to two dIcadaI, Into three main components: the aIfecIs of flhaRIIIS- providing a wealth of information population characteristics; changes In faI:fDi JII,IIIII; IIId on key environmental topiCS for Practitioners in Development over 200 countries and territories. Surveying such changes In the occupational struc:tul1 of the IiIIOr fon:e. September 2004. 408 fJIIt1IIS. Stock 110. A15861 N. Roberto Zagha, editor critical issues as agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, (ISBN 0-8213-5861-/1 PricB USI38. ). This book brings together energy, emission and pollution, and water and the insights and experiences sanitation, the Green miniAtlas is a unique and ."" Impact of ECllllom~ PtII~/. on of some of the world's timely resource for better understanding the world's PIn", and IlIt:tIm, Dillllllllllon: leading policymakers and most urgent environmental challenges. Era/.'on 1,dlnlqull'. »HIli global thought leaders, individuals who have had O ctober 2004. 64 pages. Stock no. A1 (ISBN 0-8213-5870-7). Price US$7. 5870 lJJiz A P8IIitI tIII_ FrvIp1Is BouTfl/JllJtlOllIlld IdItrHs substantial influence on the miniAtlas of Global Development This book nMaws 1IIch,.. and tools for avaIudng poverty and the policy reforms and Based on the World Bank's dIsIrIbutIonaIlmpIct 01 economic development strategies in authoritative compilation of poky c:hoIc:Is. It deIcrIbes the their native countries. development data - the World most robust l8chn1ques and tools Sharing their unique perspectives, these 'practitioners Development Indicators - as well avaIIaIJIt-from the simpIast to the of developmenr explain the reasons for the uneven comp/BIHnd IdanIIIIes as the World Bank Atlas and the bast pI8dIces. outcomes of the 1990s and, with the benefit of Little Data Book, the miniAtias hindsight, draw relevant lessons for the future. Essays ."..".", ........ 11 . . ""NIl III provides colorful world maps, ....tnatm".".", . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " , _ by Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Lawrence Summers, · tables, and graphs that highlight key .,. . ,..... ...".,. III . . 1IeItI. I rtIII /11M ",." · · Kwesi Botchwey, and Alejandro Foxley cover a wide range of topics, from the Washington Consensus as a - - - - - ' social, economic, and environmental data for 208 countries and territories. Specially designed .. . . .,.,."""..,. _ _ III".", . . ...""",., policy prescription for development to the successes to show detailed information on a small scale, the - RawKanbur. rHoL8B Professor of World and failures of post-Communist transition countries. Affairs and EcoIlORllcs. ComBII U nIwISIty October 2004. 350 pages. Stock no. A15872 (ISBN 0-8213-5872-3). Price US$35. miniAtlas is a useful introduction and quick reference 10 today's most urgent development challenges. A,..,.. LI "'.. 1MIfIf...... twn,..,..",., July 2003. 416 fJItIIS. Stock 110. A15491 December 2003. 64 pages. Stock no. A15596. (ISBN (HJ213-5491-4). PricB /JS$45. ). (ISBN 0-8213-5596-1 Price US$7. To Order: World Bank Publications P.O. Box 960, Herndon, VA 20172-0960, USA Telephone: 703-661-1580 or 800-645-7247 Fax: 703-661-1501 www.worldbank.org/publications AVAILABLE AT BETTER BOOKSTORES ADOPI ~ WO~LD .BANK I ~ Publications The reference of choice on development