E3050 V5 HOA MAC URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT Co.,Ltd INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION MANAGEMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Of Subproject “CONSTRUCT CENTRALIZED EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT WITH CAPACITY 1,500 M3/DAY AT HOA MAC INDUSTRIAL ZONE – PHASE 1 (MODULE 1)” FINAL HA NAM, 04/2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................i LIST OF TABLE ........................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURE ..................................................................................................... xiii ABBREVIATION ....................................................................................................... xiv EIA SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 1 I. HOA MAC IZ PROJECT ............................................................................................. 1 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................... 1 III. CURRENT STATUS DESCRIPTION....................................................................... 1 3.1. Hydrological characteristics .................................................................................. 1 3.2. Current environment status ................................................................................... 2 IV. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................... 2 4.1. WW Treatment Technology .................................................................................. 2 4.2. Discharge Location ............................................................................................... 2 4.3. Sludge Treatment .................................................................................................. 2 V. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................... 2 Construction phase ...................................................................................................... 2 5.1. Air .................................................................................................................... 2 5.2. Water ................................................................................................................ 3 5.3. Soil Environment - Resource............................................................................. 3 5.4. Solid waste (SW) .............................................................................................. 3 5.5. Socio-economic Impacts ................................................................................... 4 Operation phase ........................................................................................................... 4 5.6. Air .................................................................................................................... 4 5.7. Groundwater ..................................................................................................... 4 5.8. Surface water .................................................................................................... 5 5.9. Soil ................................................................................................................... 5 5.10. Ecology system and landscape ........................................................................ 5 5.11. The community, health and safety ................................................................... 5 VI. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................. 5 6.1. Environmental Monitoring .................................................................................... 5 i 6.2. Cost Estimate and Implementation Time of The Environment Management Plan (EMP) .......................................................................................................................... 7 VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...................... 7 7.1. The Objective of Public Consultation .................................................................... 7 7.2. Results of Public Consultation .............................................................................. 7 7.3. Information Disclosure ......................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 9 1.1. ORIGIN OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................ 9 1.2. THE INVESTOR .................................................................................................. 9 1.3. PROJECT’S LOCATION ..................................................................................... 9 1.4. CURRENT SITUATION OF TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN HOA MAC IZ............................................................................................................................... 11 1.4.1. List of tenants and their WW pre-treatment capacity .................................... 11 1.4.2. Drainage system ........................................................................................... 13 1.4.2.1. Rainwater drainage system ..................................................................... 13 1.4.2.2. Wastewater drainage system ................................................................... 14 1.4.3. Preliminary Treatment Wastewater Treatment System (PTWTS) of the Tenants (basics and management system) .............................................................. 14 1.4.3.1. PTWTS of FINETEK Vietnam Co.,Ltd ................................................... 15 1.4.3.2. PTWTS of VINAGLAZE Joint Stock Company ..................................... 15 1.4.3.3. PTWTS of NOVAREF Fire Resistant Material Development Joint Stock Company ............................................................................................................. 16 1.4.3.4. PTWTS of Vietnam Advanced Material Co., Ltd .................................... 16 1.4.4. Management of Domestic and Industrial Wastes .......................................... 16 1.4.5. Traffic system .............................................................................................. 16 1.4.5.1. External traffic ........................................................................................ 16 1.4.5.2. Internal traffic ......................................................................................... 17 1.4.6. Hazardous waste (HW) management ............................................................ 18 1.4.7. Risk management ......................................................................................... 19 1.5. DESCRIPTION OF THE CETP ......................................................................... 21 1.5.1. Treatmnet Technology, Influent and Effluent Characteristics ....................... 21 ii 1.5.1.1. Technology of the CETP ......................................................................... 21 1.5.1.2. Influent and Effluent Standards ............................................................... 21 1.5.2. Charecteristic of the CETP and discharge outlet ........................................... 22 1.5.2.1. WW Characteristics ................................................................................ 22 (1). Types of WW to be treated....................................................................... 22 (2). Influent Characteristics .............................................................................. 22 (3). Effluent Characteristics .............................................................................. 22 (4). Anticipated WW flow to CETP .................................................................. 23 (5). Evaluation of WW quality ......................................................................... 23 1.5.2.2. Characteristics of CETP .......................................................................... 23 (1). Description of the WW collection system and drainage system .................. 23 (2). Treatment technology ................................................................................ 24 1.5.2.3. Discharge characteristic .......................................................................... 26 (1). Characteristic of discharge systems ............................................................ 26 (2). Discharge method ...................................................................................... 27 (3). Discharge mode ......................................................................................... 27 (4). Discharge flow ........................................................................................... 27 1.5.3. Sludge treatment technology ........................................................................ 27 1.5.4. Total investments and implementation progress ........................................... 27 1.6. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES .............................. 28 1.6.1. World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment ....................................... 28 1.6.2. Vietnamese Policy on Environmental Assessment........................................ 28 1.6.3. The environmental standards and regulaions ................................................ 31 CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREA ................................. 33 2.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREA .......................... 33 2.1.1. Natural characteristics .................................................................................. 33 2.1.1.1. Topography, geology, climate ................................................................. 33 (1). Topography ................................................................................................ 33 (2). Geology ..................................................................................................... 33 (3). Climate ...................................................................................................... 37 iii 2.1.2. Socio-economic conditions .......................................................................... 40 2.1.2.1. Socio-economic conditions of Hoa Mac Town in first 6 months of 2013 . 40 (1). Agricultural production .............................................................................. 40 (2). Industrial production - handicraft industry - Civil Construction - Commercial Services ........................................................................................ 40 (3). Regarding the Traffic – Irrigation system ................................................... 40 (4). Regarding socio-culture issues ................................................................... 40 2.1.2.2. Socio-economic conditions of Chau Giang Commune in first 6 months of 2013 .................................................................................................................... 41 (1). Agricultural production .............................................................................. 41 (2). Services ..................................................................................................... 41 (3). Socio-culture, health care, education .......................................................... 42 2.1.2.3. Socio-economic conditions of Trac Van Commune in 2012 .................... 42 (1). Agricultural production .............................................................................. 42 (2). Industry - Handicraft Industry and Construction......................................... 43 (3). Irrigation .................................................................................................... 43 (4). Culture – Society and education ................................................................. 43 2.1.2.4. Social-economic conditions of Duy Tien District .................................... 43 (1). Agricultural productivity– rural areas ......................................................... 43 (2). Industry – Handicraft- Construction ........................................................... 44 (3). Natural resources and environment ............................................................ 44 (4). Social and cultural fields ........................................................................... 44 (5). Orientations ............................................................................................... 44 (6). Main targets ............................................................................................... 45 (7). Main tasks .................................................................................................. 45 2.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RECEIVING RESOURCE ............................... 47 2.2.1. WW receiving place ..................................................................................... 47 2.2.2. Natural features ............................................................................................ 47 2.2.2.1. Hydrological characteristics of receiving resource................................... 47 2.2.2.2. Aquatic environment ............................................................................... 47 iv 2.3. SUMMARY OF THE EXISTING STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT AT THE PROJECT AREA ...................................................................................................... 47 2.3.1. Air................................................................................................................ 47 2.3.2. Soil .............................................................................................................. 49 2.3.3. Groundwater environment ............................................................................ 51 2.3.4. Surface water ............................................................................................... 52 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES................. 55 3.1. CRITERIA FOR SELECTING ALTERNATIVES ............................................. 55 3.2. WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY............................................. 55 3.2.1. Aerotank (AAO) Technology is described as follows: .................................. 55 3.2.2. Comparison among treatment technologies .................................................. 57 3.3. DISCHARGE LOCATION................................................................................. 59 3.4. SLUDGE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY ........................................................ 62 CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT .................................... 66 4.1. SOURCE, OBJECTS AND AFFECTED SCALE ............................................... 66 4.1.1. Construction phase ....................................................................................... 66 4.1.1.1. Impact sources related wastes.................................................................. 66 4.1.1.2. Impacts sources unrelated to wastes ........................................................ 68 4.1.2. Operation phase ........................................................................................... 69 4.1.2.1. Impact sources related to wastes.............................................................. 69 4.1.2.2. Impact sources unrelated to waste ........................................................... 70 4.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)....................................... 70 4.2.1. Construction phase ....................................................................................... 70 4.2.1.1. Impacts on air environment ..................................................................... 70 (1). Impacts of site clearance ............................................................................ 71 (2). Impacts of dusts created by means of transportation of materials, equipment ......................................................................................................................... 71 (3). Impacts caused by cutting, welding, painting and metal coating operations 71 (4). Impacts created by residence and living operations of the workers on site.. 72 (5). Impacts created by noises in construction activities. ................................... 72 (6). Impact assessment of air pollutants: ........................................................... 74 v 4.2.1.2. Impacts on the water environment ........................................................... 75 (1). Impacts of domestic WW of workers ......................................................... 75 (2). Impacts of WW from cleaning and maintaining machinery ........................ 76 (3). Impacts on groundwater quality ................................................................. 76 (4). Impacts of rainwater running off ................................................................ 76 (5). Impacts of construction wastewater ............................................................ 77 4.2.1.3. Impacts on soil resource – environment................................................... 77 4.2.1.4. Impacts of solid wastes ........................................................................... 77 4.2.1.5. Impacts on social – economic aspects...................................................... 78 (1). Advantaged impacts ................................................................................... 78 (2). Adverse impacts ......................................................................................... 78 4.2.1.6. Synthetic EIA caused by Construction Phase .......................................... 78 4.2.2. Operation phase ........................................................................................... 79 4.2.2.1. Impacts on air.......................................................................................... 79 4.2.2.2. Impacts on groundwater environment...................................................... 80 4.2.2.3. Impacts surface water environment ......................................................... 80 (1). Domestic WW of operators ........................................................................ 80 (2). WW from the CETP ................................................................................... 80 (3). Rainwater runoff: ....................................................................................... 80 4.2.2.4. Impacts on soil ........................................................................................ 81 (1). Solid waste (SW) generated from the treatment phase ................................ 81 (2). Sludge created by the CETP ....................................................................... 81 (3). Domestic solid waste (DSW) ..................................................................... 82 (4). Hazardous waste (HW) .............................................................................. 82 4.2.2.5. Impacts on the ecology and landscape ..................................................... 82 4.2.2.6. Impacts on the community’s activities, health and safety ........................ 82 4.2.2.7. Environment Incidents in the Operation Phase ........................................ 82 (1). Operation Incidents .................................................................................... 82 (2). Incidents caused by natural disasters .......................................................... 83 4.3. DETAILED LEVEL AND RELIABILITY OF ASSESSMENTS ....................... 83 vi 4.4. EFFECT ON WATER QUALITY ...................................................................... 85 4.4.1. Pollution load ............................................................................................... 85 4.4.2. Impact assessment on receiving source......................................................... 85 4.5. EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM ...................... 86 4.6. EFFECT ON HYDROLOGY ............................................................................. 86 4.7. EFFECT ON AIR ............................................................................................... 86 4.8. EFFECT ON RISK AND ACCIDENTS ............................................................. 87 4.9. SOCIAL – ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND DOWNSTREAM WATER USE ...... 87 4.10. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS .............................................................................. 87 4.10.1. Giat River pollution load analysis............................................................... 87 4.10.1.1. Maximum pollution load ....................................................................... 87 4.10.1.2. Current pollutant loads .......................................................................... 88 4.10.1.3. Pollutant load from discharge source ..................................................... 88 4.10.1.4. Giat River load receiving capacity ......................................................... 89 4.10.2. Chau Giang River pollution load analysis................................................... 89 4.10.2.1. Max Pollution load ................................................................................ 90 4.10.2.2. Current pollutant load............................................................................ 90 4.10.2.3. Pollutant load from discharge source ..................................................... 90 4.10.2.4. Chau Giang River pollution load receiving capacity .............................. 91 CHAPTER 5: POLLUTION MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................ 92 4.11. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)..................................... 92 4.11.1. Construction phase ..................................................................................... 92 4.11.1.1. Water pollution mitigation measures ..................................................... 92 4.11.1.2. Mitigation Measures for Impacts of SW and HW .................................. 92 4.11.1.3. Mitigation measures to the air quality.................................................... 93 4.11.1.4. Impact Mitigation Measures for Soil Quality ......................................... 93 4.11.2. Operation phase........................................................................................ 101 4.11.2.1. Impact Mitigation Measures for Water Pollution ................................. 101 (1). Industrial wastewater ............................................................................... 101 (2). Domestic WW ......................................................................................... 101 vii (3). Rainwater ................................................................................................. 101 (4). Groundwater ............................................................................................ 101 (5). Pollution in outlets ................................................................................... 101 4.11.2.2. Impact Mitigation Measures for Sludge ............................................... 101 4.11.2.3. Impact Mitigation Measures for Air .................................................... 102 4.11.2.4. Impact Mitigation Measures for Soil Quality ....................................... 102 4.11.2.5. Impact Mitigation Measures for SW.................................................... 102 4.12. RISK MANAGEMENT .................................................................................. 106 4.12.1. In the construction phase .......................................................................... 106 (1). Fire & Explosion Prevention and Fighting ............................................... 106 (2). Traffic Accident Mitigation Measures ...................................................... 106 (3). Traffic safety control, health care and incident prevention and fighting measures ......................................................................................................... 106 4.12.2. In the operation phase .............................................................................. 106 4.12.2.1. Labor safety and hygiene measures ..................................................... 106 4.12.2.2. Preventive measures and Fire & Explosion Response.......................... 107 4.12.2.3. Preventive measures and Fuel Leakage Response................................ 108 4.12.2.4. Lightning system ................................................................................. 109 4.12.2.5. CETP’s Non-operation Response ........................................................ 109 4.13. COMMUNICATION PROGRAM TO THE COMMUNITY AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS ................................................................................. 112 4.14. TRAINING ..................................................................................................... 112 4.15. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE IZ AND CETP ..................................................... 113 4.15.1. Division of Environmental Affairs ........................................................... 113 4.15.1.1. Functions ............................................................................................ 113 4.15.1.2. Obligations .......................................................................................... 113 4.15.2. Departments working in the CETP ........................................................... 114 4.15.2.1. Functions ............................................................................................ 114 4.15.2.2. Obligations .......................................................................................... 114 4.16. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ........................................ 115 viii 4.16.1. Monitoring compliance with mitigation measures and environmental standards .............................................................................................................. 115 4.16.2. On basis of the Community’s monitoring ................................................. 115 4.16.3. Monitoring the Project’s completion of indexes ....................................... 116 4.16.4. Environment Quality Monitoring (EQM) Indexes .................................... 116 4.16.5. Automatic monitoring .............................................................................. 118 4.17. EXPECTED EXPENSE AND IMPLEMENTATION TIME OF THE EMP ... 119 CHAPTER 5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ................................................................. 120 5.1. OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................... 120 5.1.1. For appraisal authorities ............................................................................. 120 5.1.2. For the project owner ................................................................................. 120 5.1.3. For the Consulting Agencies ...................................................................... 120 5.1.4. For the People’s Committee and Committee of Vietnam Fatherland’s Front in commune level ..................................................................................................... 120 5.1.5. For the impacted communities.................................................................... 120 5.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION IMPLEMENTATION ......................................... 120 5.2.1. Interviewees ............................................................................................... 120 5.2.2. Implementation methods ............................................................................ 120 5.3. CONSULTATION RESULTS .......................................................................... 121 5.3.1. Consultation results in Hoa Mac Town, Chau Giang Commune and Trac Van Commune ............................................................................................................ 121 5.3.1.1. Adverse impacts of the Project on the natural environment, socio- economic aspects ............................................................................................... 121 5.3.1.2. The Project’s Environment Impact Mitigation Measures ....................... 121 5.3.1.3. Recommendations to the Investor.......................................................... 121 5.3.2. Interview results ......................................................................................... 121 5.4. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE...................................................................... 125 5.5. THE INVESTOR’S COMMITMENTS ............................................................ 125 ix LIST OF TABLE Table 1-1. List of Tenants in Hoa Mac IZ ...................................................................... 12 Table 1-2. Concentration of pollutants in influent of CETP ........................................... 21 Table 1-4. WW flow forecast of facilities after complete construction and stable operation (expected to attract more tenants until the end of 2014)................................. 23 Table 1-5. Table of total investment ............................................................................... 27 Table 2-1. The depth and thickness of first layer at the drill-hole................................... 33 Table 2-2. The depth and thickness of second layer at the drill-hole .............................. 33 Table 2-3. Synthetic table of mechanical and physical target of the second layer .......... 33 Table 2-4. The depth and thickness of third layer at the drill-hole ................................. 34 Table 2-5. Synthetic table of mechanical and physical target of the third layer.............. 34 Table 2-6. The depth and thickness of fourth layer at the drill-hole ............................... 35 Table 2-7. Synthetic table of mechanical and physical target of the fourth layer ............ 35 Table 2-8. Synthetic table of mechanical and physical target of the fifth layer ............... 36 Table 2-9. Average temperature in months and years (0C) ............................................. 37 Table 2-10. The hour number of sunshine in months ...................................................... 38 Table 2-12. The average humidity in months and years (%)........................................... 39 Table 2-13. Plants in rich-soil ....................................................................................... 42 Table 2-14. Air quality results in IZ (10th December 2012) ............................................ 48 Table 2-15. Results of dust, noise and microclimate in some location in IZ (10th December 2012) ............................................................................................................ 48 Table 2-16. Soil quality (10th December 2013)............................................................... 50 Table 2-17. Results of groundwater quality ................................................................... 51 Table 2-18. Results of surface water .............................................................................. 53 Table 3-1. Comparision of applied treatment technologies ............................................ 57 Table 3-2. Analysis of Sludge Treatment Technology Alternative................................... 62 Table 4-1. Sources of impact related to wastes in the construction phase ...................... 66 Table 4-2. Impacts unrelated to wastes in the construction phase .................................. 68 Table 4-3. Impact sources related to wastes, object and affected scale .......................... 69 Table 4-4. Impact sources unrelated to waste, object, affected scale.............................. 70 Table 4-5. Impacts on Air Environment during Construction Phase .............................. 70 x Table 4-6. Pollution coefficient for truck with capacity of 3.6-10 ton ............................. 71 Table 4-7. Ratio of pollutants during welding process (mg/1 welding rod) .................... 72 Table 4-8. Noise intensity of some equipment ................................................................ 73 Table 4-9. Impacts of Air Pollutants .............................................................................. 74 Table 4-10. Forecast the pollution load in waste water of labors (estimated volume of 20 person) .......................................................................................................................... 75 Table 4-11. Flow and Volume of Pollutants Created from Machinery & Equipment Cleaning and Maintaining Phase on Site ....................................................................... 76 Table 4-12. Pollutant concentration in wastewater of construction phase...................... 77 Table 4-13. Generalized Table of Impacts in Construction Phase .................................. 78 Table 4-14. Bad Odor Emission Sources in the CETP ................................................... 79 Table 4-15. Calculations of Waste Sludge generated by Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP with assumed capacity of 1500 m3/day. ................................................................................ 81 Table 4-16. Synthetic Table of Impacts in Operation Phase of the Plant ........................ 83 Table 4-17. Assessment of reliability of the EIA methods applied .................................. 83 Table 4-18. The pollution load in WW of Hoa Mac IZ CETP ......................................... 85 Table 4-19. Pollutant concentrations of Giat River ........................................................ 87 Table 4-20. The max pollution load that nearby surface water source can receive ........ 88 Table 4-21. The current pollution loads ......................................................................... 88 Table 4-22. Pollutant loads from discharge sources ...................................................... 89 Table 4-23. Giat River pollution loads receiving capacity after received the discharge from the CETP............................................................................................................... 89 Table 4-24. The limitation values of pollutants in Chau Giang River ............................. 89 Table 4-25. The max pollution load that nearby surface can receive.............................. 90 Table 4-26. The current pollutant load .......................................................................... 90 Table 4-27. The pollution load from Giat river into Chau Giang river................................ 91 Table 4-28. Chau Giang River pollution load receiving capacity after receiving water from Giat River and WW from the CETP of Hoa Mac IZ ............................................... 91 Table 5-1. Concerned Agencies in the Environmental Management Programs .............. 92 Table 5-2. Summarized plan for mitigation measures during construction phase ........... 94 Table 5-3. Summarized plan for mitigation measures during operation phase ............. 103 Table 5-4. Summarized plan for mitigation measures for environmental risks ............. 110 xi Table 5-5. Environmental Monitoring Program ........................................................... 116 Table 5-6. Expected expense of EMP in the construction phase and first year of operation ..................................................................................................................... 119 Table 6-1. Results of public consultation ..................................................................... 122 xii LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1-1. Hoa Mac IZ location ................................................................................... 10 Figure 1-2. The figure shows the CEPT location and CETP service area of Module 1 & 2 - Phase 1 ....................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 1-3. Rainwater (Rw) drainage system of Hoa Mac IZ ......................................... 13 Figure 1-4. WW drainage diagram of Hoa Mac IZ ........................................................ 14 Figure 1-5. Production Wastewater Reuse Diagram ...................................................... 15 Figure 1-6. Domestic WW treated by 3 Compartment Septic Tank Diagram .................. 16 Figure 1-7. Diagram of WW treatment technology of Hoa Mac IZ................................. 24 Figure 3-2. Location of outlet from bio-pond to open ditch in IZ ................................... 59 Figure 3-3. Location of outlet from open ditch to Giat River ......................................... 60 Figure 3-4. Outlet location ............................................................................................ 61 Figure 3-5. Diagram of sludge transport route .............................................................. 64 Figure 4-1. The impact of noise on people ..................................................................... 74 xiii ABBREVIATION AMS: Automatic Monitoring Station BOD: Biological Oxygen Demand CETP: Centralized Effluent Treatment Plan COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand CW: Construction Waste DO: Dissolved Oxygen DONRE: Department of Natural Resource and Environment DW: Domestic Waste EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment EMP: Environmental Management Plan MONRE: Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment OST: Oil Separator Tank ND: Not detected NH: National Highway HW: Hazardous Waste IZ: Industrial Zone IZMB: Industrial Zone Management Board PV: Protection of Vietnam PTWTS: Preliminary Treatment Wastewater Treatment System RC: Reinforce Concrete SS: Suspended Solid SW: Solid Waste WB: World Bank WW: Wastewater xiv EIA SUMMARY I. HOA MAC IZ PROJECT 1. In order to improve the industrial pollution control in Vietnam, The Government of Vietnam works with The World Bank (WB) to implement an IDA-financed Vietnam Industrial Pollution Management Project (VIPMP). This project has 3 components of which Component 2 is to provide financial assistance for qualified selected industrial zones (IZs) to properly construct and operate Centralized Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) and ultimately to comply with national environmental requirements in Nam Dinh, Ha Nam, Dong Nai, and Ba Ria-Vung Tau (BR-VT) Province. Hoa Mac IZ is one of the qualified industrial zones in this project. 2. The construction of Hoa Mac IZ was approved by Vietnamese Government in the Decision No 1107/QĐ-TTg in 21st August 2006. The EIA Report of Hoa Mac IZ Infrastructure Construction Project was approved in Decision No. 1094/QĐ-UBND in 1st September 2008 of Ha Nam Province People’s Committee. 3. According to the approved Decision of EIA, the total capacity of Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP is 6,000 m3/day. The investment in the CETP is divided into the following phases: - Phase 1: 3,000 m3/day, which is divided into two modules: Module 1 – 1,500 m3/day, Module 2 – 1,500 m3/ day. - Phase 2: 3,000 m3/day & night, which is divided into two modules: Module 3 – 1,500 m3/day, Module 4 – 1,500 m3/ day. 4. In the initial phase, module 1 – Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP will be installed with capacity of 1,500 m3/day. It serves the discharge of the enterprises leasing the land in IZ (hereinafter called as tenants) at Chau Giang commune with the serve area of 87.4 hectares and entire municipal WW in Hoa Mac IZ. II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1. The tenants are responsible for treating wastewater (WW) that is in compliance with Column B of the National Regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Wastewater. This treated WW will be collected and enter the CETP for further treatment before final discharge in Giat River. 2. The discharge standard and effluent quality of the propsed CETP is the National Regulation QCVN 40:2011, Column A, responding to Kq = 0.9; Kf = 1.0 3. The standard applied for discharging to Giat river is National Regulation QCVN 08:2011/BTNMT, Column A1. 4. The effluent of the CETP via the slope of the terrain from the Bio-pond to the ditch in the IZ, then to Giat River and to Chau Giang River. 5. The applied technology to Module 1 of Hoa Mac’s CETP is Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR) combined with preliminary physicochemical treatment. III. CURRENT STATUS DESCRIPTION 3.1. Hydrological characteristics Chau Giang River: It is a river of Red River system, located in Ha Nam Territory. It is connected to Red River by two gates: Yen Lenh gate at Duy Tien District anh Huu Bi at Ly Nhan district. At Tien Phong (Duy Tien District), Chau Giang River is divided into two branches. One is between Ly Nhan and Binh Luc Districts and another is the between Duy Tien and Binh Luc Districts. Chau Giang River at Ha Nam Province is 58.6 km long. Average flow rate in dry season and rainseason is in turn 5 – 10 m3/s and 60 m3/s. 1 Giat River: Giat River receives WW directly from Hoa Mac IZ. It will receive the treated CETP effluent with the noted characteristics (Column A1). The average flow rate of the river is 22.6 m3/s. 3.2. Current environment status Surrounding environmental quality monitoring results in the Project site show that the environmental quality of air, soil, groundwater and surface water are quite good. Most of the indexes are in the accepted level under Current Regulations QCVN 26:2010, QCVN 05:2009, QCVN 09:2008, QCVN 08:2009. Regarding the rivers receiving the WW treated by Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP, according to results of calculating pollution level, the rivers are able to receive those WW with said indexes. IV. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 4.1. WW Treatment Technology Two proposed methods of WW treatment technology for Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP were considered including SBR and Aerotank. After a careful consideration, the Investor selected SBR technology for Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP because of some following reseasons: - SBR is operated with playing role of bio-tank also as sedimentation tank. - It is operated in batches. - With a healthy microorganism, SBR technology has a lot of advantages in operation such as high shock resistance, fast recovery capability. - The performance of nitrogen treatment may reach up 97%. - The land used for CETP plan is less than other techonology. 4.2. Discharge Location The treated WW of Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP is expected to be discharged into Giat river via 1 artificial open Ditch in the length of 1500 m and width of 20 m through out one F600 discharge sewer with reinforcement bottom of +2.5m. The outlet is located at the ending point of this ditch. There is no alternative considered for dischsrge location. 4.3. Sludge Treatment The applied sludge treatment technology to Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP is hardened hazardous waste sludge which is used to make concrete. The Investor signed the Contract with URENCO 11 to transport and treat sludge under the current regulations. The hazardous waste (HW) is required to be treated comprehensively and stably on basis of the recommended plan on HW treatment and capacity of URENCO 11. URENCO 11 is licensed to transport and treats hazardous sludge under Vietnamese Regulations and Laws. V. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES Construction phase 5.1. Air Impacts: Impacts caused by dusts, gas emission of transportation vehicles and noise are the largest impacts during the construction phase. Mitigation measures: 2 To use tarpaulins to entirely cover the trucks’ boot during the process of transportation of building materials such as sand, rocks on roads. To arrange reasonable routes in order to ensure that the machinery and equipment are always in the best technical conditions. To apply the appropriate construction methods, and to mechanize all operations during the construction phase. 5.2. Water Impacts: Main impacts on the water quality during the construction phase of the Project are domestic WW of workers. Main contents of the pollutants in the domestic WW are waste matter, suspended solid (SS), organic compounds (BOD/COD), nutrients (N, P) and pathogenic organisms (Coliform, E. Coli). Mitigation measures: The domestic WW of workers must be collected and treated by septic tanks before discharging to the environment. To repair, maintain and replace the construction equipment accessories, oil, clout that must be collected comprehensively to avoid unexpected spilling on site. To design rainwater drainage ditches surrounding the site to prevent from contamination of impurities before discharging to the environment. 5.3. Soil Environment - Resource Impacts: Because domestic WW of workers, construction wastes, oil and grease are caused by equipment and machinery on site, in the construction phase, wastes and WW are generated by workers’ activities from temporary camps. The redundance or leaked wastes during the construction phase, oil and grease from cars, trucks, construction machinery, etc... if are not well collected and managed may adversely affect the soil environment. However, only a limited number of workers will be present on the construction site for a short period of time about 6 months, and few car and truck would be used. Therefore, the impacts on soil in the construction phase is small, localized, and temporary. Mitigation measures: The Investor will implement appropriate mitigation measures such as domestic and hazardous waste management to address soil pollution. 5.4. Solid waste (SW) Impacts: SW in construction phase is divided into 02 types as domestic waste (DW) and construction waste (CW). Mitigation measures: Limit the CW by planning and using building materials reasonably; also remind workers to save and strictly manage and monitor the workload. DW is collected and treated correctly under current regulations. 3 HW of this is collected in specialized barrels and cans with covers to meet the hygienic storage, transported to environmental services agencies for disposal and treatment. 5.5. Socio-economic Impacts Impacts: Advantages: To create employment for local people; To increase incomes of workers; Disadvantages: Gathering the workforce (about 20 workers per day) during the construction period may cause adverse impacts on the society and public order in the region; Number of vehicles getting in and out the site during the construction phase may cause heavy traffic in the region, leading to higher risks of traffic accidents therein. Mitigation measures: To limit the speed of vehicles on site; To avoid transportation in rush hours. Operation phase 5.6. Air Impacts: Factors affecting air quality are mainly odor caused by decomposition of organic matters which are available in WW and collection of waste via waste filter and pump. Odor are from inlet, pump pits, oil and grease separator tanks, bio-tanks, agglomerate flocculation tank, primary sedimentation tank, SBR tank, sludge tank, pump station, bio-ponds, open ditch, and outlet. Noise is created by the equipment in CETP such as pump or air blowers, causing direct impacts on operators. Another Impacts on air is from local in the areas surrounding the IZ and the Plant. Mitigation measures: To relief the noise, the machinery must be maintained periodical and used correctly as described in the manual. To periodically monitor the air surrounding the CETP’s region. To grow more trees in the buffer zone to create the landscape and to prevent pollution from spreading odors. To handle incidents or accidents during operations. To clear the site surrounding the artificial ditch in the IZ. 5.7. Groundwater Impacts: Operations of the CETP may have impacts on groundwater when pipelines or the tank bottom or WW in sludge tanks is not controlled. Mitigation measures: To monitor and control the groundwater quality in the region; to prevent penetration from anaerobic tank and leakage in the connection points or transitions in WW pipelines. 4 5.8. Surface water Impacts: Domestic WW created by operators includes BOD, COD, and TSS. Normally, WW generated by operators is treated by septic tanks so its pollutant contents reduce significantly and as the result, the impacts are insignificant. WW from the CETP includes components containing SS, microorganisms and other contaminants. Run-off water, main components are soil, sand, waste, oil and grease, impurities on the ground and roof, treatment tank, staircase. Mitigation measures: For industrial WW, tenants are required to use pre-treatment technology to make sure that industrial WW reach B type of QCVN 40:2011 before connecting to the CETP. WW of operators will be collected and treated by septic tanks. Rainwater will be collected by its drainage system of IZ via culvert holes in sidewalk. To regularly monitor the water quality in outlet. 5.9. Soil Impacts: The soil is mainly impacted by sludge of CETP and domestic wastes of workers. Mitigation measures: The Investor signed the Contract with URENCO 11 to collect, transport and dispose waste sludge in accordance with current regulations. 5.10. Ecology system and landscape Generally, impacts on construction of the CETP shall not cause any change in landscape and ecology system because this region’s land is for construction of IZ. The existing CETP may create the good reputation for the IZ and good relationships with surrounding communities. 5.11. The community, health and safety The Project causes insignficant impacts on the public works and the community, except for the possible odor created by the CETPs, making the surrounding industrial tenants uncomfortable. However, if mitigation measures are implemented correctly, such odor will be reduced. VI. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1. Environmental Monitoring I CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1 Monitoring of air quality and noise Parameters and Once for 3 months or at the time of accident: PM10, total frequency particles, noise (24 hours in average) NOx, SO2, CO Position Proposed location of CETP Compared to QCVN 06:2008, QCVN 26:2010 2 Monitoring of groundwater quality Parameters and Once for 6 months; pH, color, hardness, SS, Cl-, NH4+, frequency Xyanua, NO3-, NO2-, Sulfate, Fe, Mn, As, E.Coli, Total Coliform; 5 Position 01 location in the Project’s site Compared to QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT 3 Monitoring of WW quality Parameters and Once for 3 every months; pH, BOD5, COD, SS, Ammonium, frequency Phosphate, Chloride, surface active agents, oil and grease Position 1 proposed position at the tents for workers Compared to QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT II OPERATION PHASE (This Program shall be implemented simultaneously with the monitoring program of IZ. Therefore, some repeated parameters and position may be cancelled to avoid repetition) 1. Monitoring of air quality Parameters and Once for 6 months or at the time of acciden: temperature, dust, frequency noise (24 hours in average), CO, SO2, NO2, NH3, H2S, CH4, VOC Position Proposed location of CETP Compared to QCVN 06:2008, QCVN 26:2010 2. Monitoring of surface water/river quality Parameters and Once for 3 months in the first operation year frequency Once for 6 months in the following years or at the time of accident: pH, DO, BOD5, COD, SS, Coliform, turbidity, oil and grease, N-NH4, N-NO3-, Cl-, P-PO43-, SO42-, heavy metals (As, Pb, Hg, Cd, Ni, Cr (III), Cr (VI), Cu, Mn), and surface active agents. If AMS is applied, such indexes as pH, TSS and COD shall be automatically measured in case of incident or accident. Position 1. 1 km upstream of discharge point of CETP 2. Discharge point of CETP 3. 1 km downstream of the discharge point of CETP Compared to QCVN 08:2008 Monitoring of groundwater quality Parameters and Once for 6 months: pH, TDS, turbidity, hardness, N-NO3, N- 3. frequency NO2, total Fe, Cl-, N-NH3, SO42-, E. Coli, Coliform Position Groundwater near the CETP Compared to QCVN 09:2008 4. Monitoring of WW quality Parameters and AMS: pH, COD, TSS, and flow rate (continually monitoring) frequency at effluent discharge point. Once per month in the first operation year of the CETP Once for 3 months as the system is operated stably: temperature, pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, color, N-NH4, total N, total P, alkali, KLN (As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr (III), Cr (VI), Cu, Mn, Sn), oil and grease, total CN-, total phenol, chloride, sulfur, fluoride, residual chloride, total pesticide (organic chloride and phosphorus or organic matters), total PCB and coliform. Position 1. Influent of CETP 2. Effluent of CETP Compared to QCVN 40:2011 5. Monitoring of sludge quality 6 Parameters and Once per month in the first operation year frequency Once for 3 months: pH, Pb, As, Cd, Hg, Al, total Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, phenol, PAH, total nitrogen, total phosphate, CN-, và Coliform. Daily monitoring the quantity of waste sludge Position 1. In sludge dryer yards 2. In the sludge treatment area Compared to TCVN 7629:2007, QCVN 03: 2008 6.2. Cost Estimate and Implementation Time of The Environment Management Plan (EMP) Unit of Account: Vietnamese dong No. Description Expense Funding Implementation of mitigation measures Included in the IDA funding 1 EPC Contract Environment training for the CETP Counterpart funding 2 30,000,000 operation Monitoring the environment quality Counterpart funding 3 20,000,000 during construction period (1 year) Monitoring the environment quality in Counterpart funding 4 50,000,000 the first operation year of the CETP Environment Protection fee 20,000,000 Counterpart funding 5 Installation and annual operation of the 6 Automatic Monitoring System (AMS) for 654,886,364 IDA funding CETP Total 774,886,364 VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 7.1. The Objective of Public Consultation The investor have to consult the following objects: - The People’s Committee and Committee of Vietnam Fatherland’s Front of Hoa Mac Town, Chau Giang Commune and Trac Van Commune; - The surrounding local people who are impacted by the Project in construction and operation process. 7.2. Results of Public Consultation Project Owner – Hoa Mac IZMB has done in consultation with The People’s Committee and Committee of Vietnam Fatherland’s Front of Hoa Mac Town, Chau Giang Commune and Trac Van Commune in 2013, November 20th and with the people living around the project area in 2013, November 27th at IZMB’s office. The results are as below: - The People’s Committee and Committee of Vietnam Fatherland’s Front of Hoa Mac Town, Chau Giang Commune and Trac Van Commune have basically reached agreements on adverse impacts of the Project on the natural environment, socio-economic issues and the 7 Project’s Environment Impact Mitigation Measures issued by the Investor. In addition, there are some recommendations to ensure the environment quality in the project site. - Comments of the surrounding inhabitants are as follows:Most of them agree (21/24) with the construction of “CETP Project with capacity of 1,500 m3/day at Hoa Mac IZ, phase 1, module 1”. The others (3/24) have no comment. 7.3. Information Disclosure The “EMP” of the “Construction CETP Project with capacity of 1,500 m3/day at Hoa Mac IZ, Phase I, module 1” will be disclosed in the Headquarter of the People’s Committee of Chau Giang Commune, Trac Van Commune, Hoa Mac Town for public awareness, check and inspection before and during the construction works may commence. In addition, the EMP will be disclosed in English on the website of Vietnam Environment Protection Fund (VEPF), Infoshop in Washington DC and at Vietnam Development Information Center (VDIC). 8 INTRODUCTION 1.1. ORIGIN OF THE PROJECT The national industrialization and modernization process is always associated with the protection of human health and environment. This is a very important issue in which interested by relevant agencies. Hoa Mac Industrial Park is built with the aim of contributing to the economy development by creating employment for local people in the regions surrounding the IZ and Ha Nam province. The IZ has many factories in varies production fields. Due to the specific characteristics of the IZ, the waste (air emission, wastewater, solid waste) are complicated and toxic. It shall impact on environment of not only the IZ but also the surrounding residential regions. Therefore, the CETP is necessary and urgent to sustainable develop the IZ in particular and Ha Nam Province in generally. Therefore, the Investor prepared the documents of the project “Construction CETP with capacity of 1,500 m3/day at Hoa Mac IZ, Phase I, module 1”. 1.2. THE INVESTOR The Industrial Zone Development: Hoa Mac Industrial Zone Devepment Management Co.,Ltd Represented by: Mr. Hoang Quoc Viet Position: President Headquarter: No. 39 Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Le Dai Hanh Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi City Telephone number: 04.62881234 Fax: 04.39763890 1.3. PROJECT’S LOCATION The Project is located at lot KT-01A, Part I, Hoa Mac IZ, Duy Tien District, Ha Nam Province. Hoa Mac IZ is located in Duy Tien District in 3 communes and town namely Chau Giang Commune, Hoa Mac Town, and Trac Van Commune. Hoa Mac IZ’s boundaries are as follows: - The South : is bordered by Highway 38 air traffic (according to planning). - The North : is bordered by planning road. - The West : is bordered by planning road - The East : is bordered by Giat (according to planning). Hoa Mac IZ is located in the North of the National Highway 38, which is 12 km from Dong Van Town and 6 km from Hung Yen Town. The location of Hoa Mac IZ and master plan including CETP is shown under the following figures: 9 Figure 0-1. Hoa Mac IZ location CETP service area of CETP Module 1 location CETP service area of Module 1 CETP service area of Module 2 CETP service area of Module 2 Figure 0-2. The figure shows the CEPT location and CETP service area of Module 1 & 2 - Phase 1 10 1.4. CURRENT SITUATION OF TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN HOA MAC IZ Hoa Mac IZ is approved by Ha Nam Province People’s Committee under the detailed planning with scale of 1/500 over the total area of 203 hectares. Entire IZ area is located in 2 communes and 1 town that are Chau Giang Commune, Trac Van Commune and Hoa Mac Town. The Investor cleared ground and invested in construction and business of technical infrastructure, which is divided into 2 phases: - Phase 1: 131.6 hectares; (consists of Chau Giang Commune, Hoa Mac Town and Trac Van Commune) -Phase 2: 71.4 hectares; (Chau Giang Commune) At present, the Investor is investing in Phase 1 which is divided into 2 modules under the administration boundaries (See Figure 1-2). - Module 1 is in Chau Giang commune, Hoa Mac Town, Duy Tien District, Ha Nam Province over the serve area of 87.4 hectares. - Module 2 will be in Trac Van commune, Duy Tien District, Ha Nam Province over the serve area of 44.2 hectares. - The CETP is placed at the lot KT-01A, Phase I, Hoa mac IZ, Duy Tien District, Ha Nam Province with the capacity of 1500 m3/ day (Module I) to serve Phase I (See Figure 1-2). The area of the CETP (Module I) is nearly 1,400m2.Leased land area: 21.4538 hectares; sharing 16.3% - The rest land area: 110.1462 hectares, sharing 83.7% - The green area: 15.6407 hectares, sharing 11.88% 1.4.1. List of tenants and their WW pre-treatment capacity List of tenants investing in Hoa Mac IZ – Phase 1 is presented in Table 1-1 (up to November 2013). 11 Table 0-1. List of Tenants in Hoa Mac IZ Discharge Freshwater flow (80% of Area Maximal demand Main pollution No. Name of Tenants Industrial Types water supply) (ha) operation m3/day & parameters m3/day & night) night Producing construction Vinaglaze Joint Stock Operated in COD, BOD5, TSS, 1 0.8021 materials and materials for 43.4 34.7 Company 24/24 Total N, Total P ceramic production COD, BOD5, Total NOVAREF Fire- Resistant Producing fire resistant Operated in 2 1 4.3 3.26 N, Total P, TSS, Pb, Material Co., Ltd concrete 24/24 Mg, Al Vietnam Advanced Material Construction of plants for Operated in COD, BOD5, TSS, 3 2.196 20.0 16.0 Company Limited lease 24/24 Total N, Total P Hanoi Battery Joint Stock COD, BOD5, Total 4 2.9379 Producing battery Unexecuted 0 0 Company N, Total P, TSS, Pb KEYRIN Telecom Vietnam COD, BOD5, TSS, 5 1.5 Electronic parts In-progress 0 0 Company Total N, Total P Vietnam Finetek Company Operated in COD, BOD5, TSS, 6 1.5178 Electronic parts 40.0 32.0 Limited 24/24 Total N, Total P COD, BOD5, TSS, PVC-ME1 Machine Mechanics and machine Operated in Total N, Total P, 7 Installation and Mechanics 3.0 4.5 3.5 installation 24/24 Total mineral oil Company and fat preparing for Ha Nam International Producing husbandary COD, BOD5, TSS, 8 2.0 construction 0 0 Agriculture Company food/ food industry Total N, Total P Ha Nam Vina Breeding Food Producing husbandary COD, BOD5, TSS, 9 4.0 Unexecuted 0 0 Company food/ food industry Total N, Total P Total 21.4538 12 The industrial wastewater from tenants in Hoa Mac IZ – Phase 1 must be treated by themself, complying with the National technical Regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B. This is stipulated in the WW Treatment Contract signed by Hoa Mac IZ Development Management Co., Ltd and tenants in IZ. Then, WW from the preliminary treatment system of tenants shall be connected to the CETP. Currently, the preliminary treatment systems are installed and operated by tenants, meeting the requirements of type B of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT. WW of the plants shall be treated via the preliminary treatment system during their operation, then it flows to the drainage sewer to CETP. The effluent flows continuously even if the plants are not operated fully in 24/24h. The waste sludge created from the preliminary treatment system and other hazardous wastes are collected, transported and treated by URENCO 11 Company under the signed contract. 1.4.2. Drainage system 1.4.2.1. Rainwater drainage system The rainwater drainage system of Hoa Mac IZ is shown in the following figure: Rainwater in the Rainwater in garage, Water from road, factories warehouses yard cleaning The initial Rainwater separation reservoir Oil & grease Oil & separation grease Rainwater Drainage direction of the IZ Drainage ditch along NH 38 and Giat River Figure 0-3. Rainwater (Rw) drainage system of Hoa Mac IZ - Basically, entire IZ is divided into basins on basis of contour line and flows to the drainage ditch in the North of IZ and the planned drainage route along the expanded NH38. Finally, rainwater of IZ after separating garbage, oil and grease is discharged to Giat river. - The rainwater drainage system is the self-flow system which is constituted by drainage ditches which are 1.5 m – 2 m from bordering thereof (calculated to the ditch centerline) - Due to low ground leveling of the IZ, it is possible to select the rectangle drainage culvert with cover slabs close to the sidewalk to limit the burry depth. - Rainwater on roads flows to the storm water drainage routes via direct collection pits on road sides - Rainwater discharged by the plants is directly connected to the external storm water canal. The connection sections are constructed and installed by the plants. - Composition of the rainwater drainage system is as follows: 13 +) The rainwater drainage routes along the sidewalk consist of 02 types: brick ditchs (B = 600 - 800) and reinforced concrete (RC). Calculated load of cover slabs is the load bearing pedestrians. +) The rainwater drainage system crossing roads are RC, with sealed cover slabs under asphalt layer with B = 600 to B = 1,000 with vehicles’ load H30. 1.4.2.2. Wastewater drainage system Ww created by plants in the IZ is treated preliminarily by tenants that flows naturally to the closed pipeline system to approach the collection tank. The rainwater drainage system and WW collection system are separated. Before reaching the collection tank, the raw waste in WW is separated by the trash racks over the pipeline. Minimal dimensions of retained waste depends on distance among metal rods of the trash rack. In order to prevent from waste stagnation and impacting the effluent’s pressure, the tras rods must be regularly cleaned by taking waste out by manual or motorized manner. Effluent velocity (v) via open slots is about (0,65 m/s < v < 1 m/s). The width of open slots is varied upon request and dimensions of the waste. PRODUCTION WASTEWATER DOMESTIC WASTEWATER RAINWATER Conventional wastewater cleaner Preliminary processing Rainwater first in factory phase recirculating water system or sewer Oil, grease separation Rainwater rain water drainage drainage CENTRALISED EFLUENCE TREATMENT PLANT OF INDUSTRIAL ZONE Bio-pond → Canal of water drainage in IZ → Giat river → Chau Giang River Figure 0-4. WW drainage diagram of Hoa Mac IZ 1.4.3. Preliminary Treatment Wastewater Treatment System (PTWTS) of the Tenants (basics and management system) The tenants investing in Hoa Mac IZ shall sign the WW Treatment Contract with the Investor, in which their WW quality before connecting to the CETP shall be preliminary treated to reach type B of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT. In order to reach the requirements, the tenants must invest their PTWTS. The PTWTS of 4 in 5 plants is put into operation, which is below presented in detail. The 5th plant has not yet been in plan. 14 1.4.3.1. PTWTS of FINETEK Vietnam Co.,Ltd The plant does not create the WW from production activities, only domestic WW which is treated by BAST septic tank. The technology procedure of BAST is summarized as follows: - WW is put to the first tank with function of sedimentation - anaerobic fermentation. In the next tank, WW moves from bottom to top to expose the anaerobic microorganisms in the mud at the bottom of the tank in dynamic conditions. The organic contaminants are absorbed and metabolized by microorganisms as the source of nutrients for their growth. Also depending on these tanks, the works become a series of anaerobic reactors in series to permit separating them into two phases (acidic and alkaline fermentation). Microbial populations in each tank will be different and favorable for development. In the first tanks, the acidic- forming bacteria predominate while in the next tanks, the base- forming bacteria prevails and in the following tank, the methanogens are primarily. - The WW treated by BAST is directly connected to the WW collection system of Hoa Mac IZ. 1.4.3.2. PTWTS of VINAGLAZE Joint Stock Company * For domestic WW WW in the kitchen area: This type of WW often has relatively high content of oil. Therefore, before connecting to the CETP of Hoa Mac IZ, WW from this area is pipelined to oil separator system. Operating principle of the oil separation tank: the tank consists of 02 cup of oil separation and sediment. The WW to the first cup is stored in certain time to deposit sediment and surface oil scum is put to the 2nd cup where the rest separated oil scum and mineral oil in the WW are put to the 2nd chute. The WW flows to the second tank, then to the 3- compartment septic tank of the plan for further treatment. For WW from the toilets in the factories, operation houses, etc, the most appropriate measures are to locally handle by the 3- compartment septic tanks. Operating principle of the tanks is sedimentation and anaerobic decomposition. SS-based treatment effectiveness is about 65 - 70% and BOD5 is about 60 - 65%. Then, WW is led to the system of WW collection and CETP. Sedimentations are stored in the tanks in 3 – 6 months under the impacts of anaerobic microorganisms, organic matters are decomposed into CO2, CH4 and inorganic substances. Sediment at the bottom is used as compost or transferred to the specific dumpsite for burry and disposal under regulations. WW, after being handling in the 3 compartment septic tanks, will be taken to the CETP of Hoa Mac IZ. * For production WW The main elements of WW from washing machinery and equipment (ball mills, compressors and frame compression process) are TSS so the pollution degree is not so high. The Owner shall construct the sedimentation tank system to collect and reuse this water source. Below is the diagram of WW and material collection from washing machinery and equipment and frame filtration: Generating source Sedimentation Sedimentation Reused tank 1 tank 2 Sedimentation Sedimentation collection collection Figure 0-5. Production Wastewater Reuse Diagram 15 The wastewater contains dissolved solids of which the main component is the materials led to the trash rank system to prevent from coarse particles which are unable to get in the Sedimentation Tank 1. Then, the WW is further sediment in the Sedimentation Tank (ST) 1 and 2. The WW in the secondary ST is returned to mix with underground water for reuse. 1.4.3.3. PTWTS of NOVAREF Fire Resistant Material Development Joint Stock Company The plant does not create the WW from production activities, only domestic WW which is treated by BAST. The technology procedure of BAST is similarly operated to that of Vietnam FINETEK Co., Ltd (above mentioned). 1.4.3.4. PTWTS of Vietnam Advanced Material Co., Ltd The plant does not create the WW from production activities, only domestic WW which is treated by the 3 compartment septic tanks. Its domestic WW treatment model is shown in the below diagram: Compartment 1: Compartment 1: Compartment 1: Domestic - Circulartion - Sedimentation - Circulartion WW - Sedimentation - Biodegradation - Sedimentation - Biodegradation - Biodegradation Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP Preliminarily treated domestic WW Figure 0-6. Domestic WW treated by 3 Compartment Septic Tank Diagram The preliminarily treated WW is led to Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP. 1.4.4. Management of Domestic and Industrial Wastes Domestic waste is mainly leftovers, shredded paper, plastic bags, etc. At present, total estimated quantity of domestic waste (DW) of entire Hoa Mac IZ is about 900 kg/ day. The unhazardous industrial waste includes wooden ballets, carton boxes, plastic waste bins without hazardous ingredients. However, most of them are reused, or recycled,... and sold in the markets to recover them as much as possible. Therefore, the ratio for disposal is quite low. The unhazardous industrial waste (which is not reusable or recyclable) from the plants shall be collected by the IZ’s Management Board in the temporary storage areas in the IZ under the signed contracts. Then, Hoa Mac IZ Management Co., Ltd hires functional agencies to transport and treat them under current regulations and laws. 1.4.5. Traffic system 1.4.5.1. External traffic +) Roadway: The existing NH38 (scope: B= 10.5 m) is contiguous to the South of Hoa Mac IZ will be the main external traffic road of the IZ in short term and it shall be expanded B= 53.0 m in future. The urban roads passing Hoa Mac IZ plays the roles in collection and connection to the main external road and others, including: 16 + The urban road passing the IZ from the North to the South has the scope B = 45.0 m, cross-section 1-1 (7m +11.25 +8.5 m + 11.25 m+7 m) = 45.0 m. + The urban road along the North boundary of the IZ has the scope B = 33.95 m, section 4-4 (5m +11.25 m + 3 m +14.75 m = 34m) + The urban road along the West boundary of the IZ has the scope B = 24.00 m, section 2-2 (2.75 m +11.25 m +5 m +5 m) = 24.00 m + Waterway: Yen Lenh port is located in the East of Hoa Mac IZ, which is about 2.5 km from the IZ on Red River so it is very convenient for waterway transportation, goods transportation and development of the IZ. 1.4.5.2. Internal traffic Principles of network traffic layout: Internal network traffic in the the IZ is organized in the form of a chessboard, including a main axis throughout the IZ and branches along the land boundary and roads perpendicular to the main axis to form a convenient closed traffic system. - ) Construction scale: Main technical indexes: + Road grade: Internal roads of IZ + A1 High-class pavement + Modulus of elasticity Eyc >= 153 Mpa + Standard design load: 100 kN + Design speed: 50 km/h Construction scale: The cross-section of the main road passing the center of the IZ is 1-1 and road width is 45m, including: - Pavement: 11.25m x 2 - Central median: 8.5m - Sidewalk: 7m x 2 The cross-section of branches is 2-2 and the road width is 21.25 m, including - Pavement: 11.25m - Sidewalk: 5m x 2 The cross-section of branches is 3-3 and the road width is 25.25 m, including - Pavement: 11.25m - Sidewalk: 7m + 7m = 14m. + Structure solutions: Road base: The road base is filled with sand from Red River. Its compaction K ≥ 0.95. The upper layer near the pavement is 50 cm thick, filled with hill soil aggregate with K ≥0.98. The roads surrounding the IZ are filled with hill soil aggregate with K ≥ 0.95. The upper layer near the pavement is 50 cm thick, filled with hill soil aggregate with K ≥ 0.98. 17 Slope of the roads surrounding the IZ is 1:1.5, which is adjacent to the plots with vertically designed roof Slope of the filled base is stabilized to prevent from erosion by use of riprap in the road sections passing the canal and growing bamboo leaf grass. Pavement: Cross- slope of the pavement i = 2%, the collection pit is installed in the two road edges is in width of 0.25 m and slope of 20%. Composition of the pavement structure is as follows: + Spreading tack coat with the content of 0.5 kg/m2 + Overlaying 7 cm Asphalt Concrete Binder Course + Spreading prime coat with the content of 1 kg/m2 + 18 cm- Grade I Aggregate Base Course + 36 cm- Grade II Aggregate Base Course + Compacted 30 cm fine sand K98 + Compacted fine sand K95 + Geotechnical textile R = 12 KN/m Sidewalk: Sidewalks for pedestrians and underground infrastructures are designed as follows: the sidewalk part contiguous to the curbs is 3m wide for pedestrians and the rest is for green trees (in the equal distance of 8 m/ tree) and grass. Curbs and cover slabs: Curbs: the design curbs of roads are concrete class 200. Each curb is 1 m long for straight road sections and 0.25 m for curving ones. Curbs is 230 mm high. They are placed over the 15 cm- lining concrete class 150. Cover slabs: Cover slabs are designed for the two road sides and the curbs are contiguous to triangle ditches of which the bottom is stabilized by concrete cover slabs class 200 in dimensions of 0.25 x 0, 5 x 0,05 m. + Traffic safety control: Place road signs in the intersections under regulations. Create road markings. The road signs and road markings have to comply with the current Road Safety and Sign Code. 1.4.6. Hazardous waste (HW) management Currently, HZ in entire IZ is about 4 tons / month, which is mainly waste printing ink boxes, waste lubricating oil, oil rags, fluorescent bulbs, packs with hazardous ingredients, waste sludge, etc... These wastes are classified, stored and labeled in accordance with the provisions of the Circular No. 12/2011/TT-BTNMT, as follows: - These waste types are classified separately; 18 - The containers must be sealed; - They must be stored in the shelters with roofs, clear labels warning hazardous waste, safe operating and storage procedures. HWs created by the plants are collected, transported and treated under the contracts signed with the competent authority which is authorized to transport and handle them under current regulations and laws. 1.4.7. Risk management The state of emergency related to the environment include: Fire, explosion, spillway, broken chemical instruments (including oil), electric failure, defects in drainage system, and technical problem of the CETP. a) Fire and explosions + Preparations The companies’ fire extinguishing teams are responsible to monthly check all extinguishing means and instruments and record them into the Minutes of Fire Prevention & Fighting tools. The fire extinguishing teams shall cooperate with fire police every six months for training. The fire extinguishing teams self-practices to response to the emergent case every 3 months. All practice activities must be recorded into the Minutes of Emergence Response Practice. The fire extinguishing teams shall daily check and test the fire tankers. + Response Response under the fire prevention and fighting plan accepted by fire police. b) Spillage of chemicals, oil and grease + Preparations The department/departments using chemicals, oil and grease must be equipped with devices and rags. The team leader has to annually popularize the knowledge on preparation and emergence response to the members. The Company shall make the emergence response plan every six months. All practice activities must be recorded into the Minutes of Emergence Response Practice + Response The Board of Directors decides to establish the emergency response team. The Office staff are responsible for the notices, listing notices to keep officers and staff informed. Anyone who doubts or suspects any chemical/ oil & grease spillage, it is required to immediately report to the competent authorities in the list of emergence response (ER) teams. In case of failure in contact to the responsible people, the detectors must report to the manager. The (regional) designated competent officers are responsible for reviewing the situation and immediately issuing the measures. If any incident is not related to chemicals/ oil & grease, and not impacting the environment and human beings, the competent authorities is entitled to clean and make no report. If it is actually caused by spillage/ leakage of chemicals/ oil and grease or impacting the environment or the health, it is immediately required to issue the solutions and isolate the incident until it is handled. 19 The officer who is in charge of handling the incidents shall make the best efforts in minimizing or stopping environment pollution or impacts on human’s health. In case of failure in settlement, the manager (competent officer) in the venue where the incident happens, it is required to report the situation to IZ Management Unit If any solution is made but it does not overcome it comprehensively and it may consequently cause environment pollution or on the human’s health, the team leader must report the IZ Management Unit or functional authorities for intervention. c) Power failure + Preparation The company must make a list of organizations leasing generators (full name, address, contact phone, email, etc). Those are selected correctly under the procedure on supplier evaluation, selection and management. The Office is responsible for passing information to the stations upon receiving notice of a power outage. The Electric Manager is responsible for arranging and contact to the generator of tenants. + Response If the power outage happens during operation process, the operators are responsible for communication to the Electric Manager and generator of tenants but it is no more than 6 hours. The employees have to operate the generators to the treatment system in case of power outage under instructions of the generator tenants. d) Problem of the Drainage system Problem of the drainage system includes: Broken pipelines, spillage of rainwater and water supply in the drainage system +) Preparation The water treatment plant must prepare instruments to readily cover and seal pipelines. The Company shall make the emergence response plan every six months. All practice activities must be recorded into the Minutes of Emergence Response Practice. +) Response When receiving feedbacks on the problem (from either internal staff, or hygienic team, or officers or concerned parties such as customers), the Engineering Department/ the ETP must immediately approach the site with necessary instruments for handling. In case of failure, it is obligatory to report the Director for solution. e) Problem of the Treatment System +) Preparation The Team Leader must assign personnel to correctly follow the maintenance schedule; The operators must prepare instruments for such repair; The Team Leader shall make the list of organizations to readily maintain or repair the system. +) Response Any operator/ or anyone in the treatment plant discovers any problem (of the equipment, components of the treatment system, etc), it is required to immediately notify the person in 20 charge of repairs. The manager in warranty period is responsible for contact to the warranty institutes. If the Company’s technicians are unable to restore the incident, the Chief is entitled to instruct and contact to the repair and warranty organizations. It is no more than 6 hours since the system is defected. Notes: The Team Leader shall evaluate the results of all practice cases and require actions for learning experience. After each troubleshoot, the individual/organizational facilitators must ensure to restore it comprehensively to cause no impact on the environment. 1.5. DESCRIPTION OF THE CETP 1.5.1. Treatmnet Technology, Influent and Effluent Characteristics 1.5.1.1. Technology of the CETP Treatment processes of the SBR technology-based CETP consist of the followings: - Influent contains many large dregs, sand, etc which are removed before reaching the oil separator tank. This design helps protect the equipment in the CETP. - Composition of lipid, oils and mineral oil will be removed by oil separator tank to avoid impacting on the physic-chemical and biological treatment works. - The group of physic-chemical treatment tanks is designed to remove some heavy metals, SS in the WW to help stabilize the biological treatment process if influent has varied pollutant concentration. - The aerobic biological tank is designed to resolve organic matters. The aerobic bacteria (activated sludge) will make the process of organic matter decomposing (they are mainly dissolved organic matters). Oxygen is supplied to the tank through the air blowers to create a favorable environment for the growth of aerobic bacteria, promoting the decomposition of organic matters. Circulated sludge flows from the secondary sedimentation tank to anoxic tank to maintain microorganism content in this tank in appropriate limit. - Sludge reservoir is designed to reduce the volume and moisture of sludge from 99 % to 96 %. Then, this sludge is pumped through sludge compressor to dewater before being discharged hygienically. 1.5.1.2. Influent and Effluent Standards Table 0-2. Concentration of pollutants in influent of CETP N Influent stream values Safety Parameter Unit Designed values o demanded coefficient 1 pH - 5.5-9 1 5.5-9 2 BOD5 (20oC) mg/l 50 6 300 3 COD mg/l 150 3 450 4 TSS mg/l 100 3 300 5 Total N mg/l 60 1 60 6 Total P mg/l 10 1 10 QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT 7 Others - 1 (column B) (Column B) 21 Quality of influent of CETP must meet the standards in Column B, the Regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT. Details are as follows: Effluent quality of CETP: WW after treating are meeting the national discharge standard QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A, Kq = 0.9, Kf = 1.0 1.5.2. Charecteristic of the CETP and discharge outlet 1.5.2.1. WW Characteristics (1). Types of WW to be treated Hoa Mac IZ is determined as a multidisciplinary IZ, manufacturing sector is less hazardous pollution. Orientations of the main industries are as follows: - The agricultural products and foodstuffs processing industry. - The garment industry. - High-class consumer goods producing industry. - The industry of mechanics, assembly, electronics. Tenants in Hoa Mac IZ are required to have advanced technology Preliminary Treatment Wastewater Treatment System under the State’s Regulations, and use of local material supply and workforce. With the above mentioned characteristics of the industries in Hoa Mac IZ, compositions of influent of CETP are mainly from production and business process of the plants in the IZ. In addition, there is WW from services in the region and domestic WW of officers and staff, etc. (2). Influent Characteristics It is recognized that if each tenant has unavailable WW management and treatment measures before discharge into the general drainage system of the IZ, contents of the pollutants in WW are large. Concentration of large volume of WW for in-place treatment is ineffective because the expense of such plant and operation cost are so high and it is very difficult to call investors. Also it is easy to cause risks of water environment pollution. Therefore, WW from plants and factories before being discharged into the general drainage system and CETP, must be preliminarily treated to reach the standards column B, QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT. (3). Effluent Characteristics Quality of effluent of the treatment system: The treated WW must meet the standards in Column A, the Regulation QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT, responding to Kq=0.9; Kf=1.0. Table 0-3. The quality of treated WW meeting QCVN 40:2011, column A No Parameter Unit QCVN40:2011/BTNMT, Column A 0 1 Temperature C 40 2 pH - 6–9 3 COD mg/l 75 4 BOD5 mg/l 30 5 SS mg/l 50 6 Total N mg/l 20 7 Total P mg/l 4 8 Color Pt-Co 50 9 Fe mg/l 1 22 No Parameter Unit QCVN40:2011/BTNMT, Column A 10 Pb mg/l 0.1 11 Mn mg/l 0.5 12 As mg/l 0.05 13 Hg mg/l 0.005 14 Coliform MNP/100ml 3000 (4). Anticipated WW flow to CETP Currently, WW flow in entire Hoa Mac IZ is quite low, about 81.8 m3/day. It is planned to call for more investors in construction of the CETP. In addition, the existing companies which have completed the basic construction and be put in stable operations, their WW flow in the future is anticipated and shown in below table: Table 0-4. WW flow forecast of facilities after complete construction and stable operation (expected to attract more tenants until the end of 2014) Rented Demand of Effluent No Tenants area using clean (m3/day) (ha) water (m3/day) 1 Vinaglaze Co.,Ltd 0.8021 86.8 69.4 2 NOVAREF JSC., 1.0 12.9 10.32 3 Advanced material Vietnam Co.,Ltd 2.196 240 192.0 4 Hanoi Battery JSC., 2.9379 150 120.0 5 KEYRIN Telecom Vietnam Company 1.5 170 136.0 6 FineTech Company 1.5178 170 136.0 7 PVC-ME1 Company 3.0 50 40.0 8 Hanam International Agriculture Co.,Ltd 2.0 45 36.0 9 Vina Hanam Animal Feed Company 4.0 65 52.0 Expected attracting investment is 12 ha at 528.0 10 12.0 660 the end of 2012 Total 30.9538 1,649.7 1,319.7 (5). Evaluation of WW quality The above mentioned criteria of influent and effluent show that: Influent secures to facilitate the treatment plant to be operated the most effectively to contribute to maintaining the stability and quality of treated effluent under the applied standards. 1.5.2.2. Characteristics of CETP (1). Description of the WW collection system and drainage system Collection culverts: The design culvert pipelines are reinforce concrete (RC) pipeline M300 with the diameter of 300-600 mm. The culvert pipe is centrifugal with the length of 2 m in each culvert segment. The culvert segments are connected by jute and asphalt, covered with pure cement mortar. Apron is the fixed design with RC M200 over the 10 cm compacted sand. Each 3 m culvert segment uses 03 aprons with the minimal burry depth of 50 cm to the culvert top. Manholes: The design manhole is RC M200 over the 10 cm compacted sand. The cover is 10 cm RC M200 slabs. 23 The treated WW will be discharged via RC culvert system to approach the bio-pond, then to the open ditch in the IZ in the length of 1,500 mm before draining to Giat River. (2). Treatment technology The WW treatment technology is described in detail via the following diagram: Wastewater Wastewate Pump pit r Fine Screen Floating scum Oil separation tank Submersible agitator Equalization tank NaOH Aluminum Coagulation tank H2SO4 Polymer Flocculation tank Primary sedimentation tank Sludge NaOH H2SO4 pH buffer tank Selector A tank Selector B tank Sludge circulation SBR A tank SBR B tank Residual sludge NaOCl Disinfection tank Sludge tank Bio-pond Polymer Sludge compressor Discharge Dewater Sludge Figure 0-7. Diagram of WW treatment technology of Hoa Mac IZ 24 Technology description: a) Pump pit All the effluents from the plants are drained to the pump pits of CETP. Before discharging to the pump pit, WW is led to the raw trash rack system (10 mm) to remove waste or materials in the form of large fiber to protect the following works. The pump pits are divided into 02 compartments. As the WW is piped to the pump pit, sand is retained in the first compartment. The sand volume is periodically suck hygienic by sludge digestion plants (SDP). The WW to the second compartment is pumped to separate oil and grease. b) Oil Separator Tank (OST) Before getting in the OST, WW is led to the fine screen to remove the sediment particles in sizes of over 2 mm. Most of the WW after sediment separation automatically flows into the oil scum separator tank (OSST) to remove oil, grease, and SS smaller than the WW density, then flows to the equalization tank. c) Equalization tank Equalization tank functions to circulate the flow and concentration of pollutants in WW. The sunk stirrer is installed in the tank to minimize sedimentation sludge process. Then, WW is pumped to coagulation tank. d) The coagulation tank At the coagulation tank, WW is mixed with coagulation chemicals which are lit from chemical reservoir via metering pump. Coagulation substances help stabilize colloidal particles and stimulate them to combine with the other suspended solids to form larger particles. At the same time, pH of the WW in coagulation tank is adjusted to the optimum value for the colloidal process. e) Flocculation tank WW from the coagulation tank is led through the flocculation tank. Like coagulation tank, at flocculation tank, anionic polymer will be lit in order to stimulate the formation of larger cotton residue. This polymer is able to form the bridge to connect these cotton residues to constitute larger cotton residues to improve the efficiency of the following sedimentation tanks. WW from flocculation tank is directed to the primary sedimentation tank to separate the cotton from sewage sludge. f ) Primary sedimentation tanks In the primary sedimentation tank, the sediment solids in WW is settled down by gravity method. The primary sedimentation tank can help eliminate 60% of SS and a part of BOD in the organic sediment particles. Sediment sludge at the bottom of the primary sedimentation tank is transferred to the sludge reservoir with sludge rods and pumped through the sludge reservoir. The oil scum is floating on the scum tank before being pumped into the sludge reservoir. After the deposition, the WW flows into the Selector Tank. g ) SBR Tank From Selector tank, WW flows to Sequence Batch Reactor Tank (SBR Tank) which is upgraded from classical activated sludge system of which processes (phases) are treated as follows: filling, reaction, sediment, and drainage in one tank in certain time in each process. SBR Tank’s operation process is summarized as follows: 25 Filling T = 2 hours Discharge T = 1 hours Reactor T = 2 hours 15 minutes Sediment T = 45 minutes Disorder Sediment discharge Aerobic In the filling phase, WW is put into a tank with available certain amount of microorganisms (sludge). For this phase, the initial decomposition process of organic matter occurs when microorganisms are exposed to WW. After finishing the filling phase, the process continues with reaction phase in which WW is mixed with microorganisms by surface air blower. Gas is provided to the tank to conduct the full decomposition of organic matters. The reaction phase is followed by sediment to separate microorganisms (sludge) from treated WW. After finishing the sediment phase, treated WW is removed from the tank by activated drainage phase and filling phase to carry out the new processing cycle. Discharge process of residual microorganisms (sludge) in an SBR tank can be carried out as a separate phase or added in the drainage phase. h ) Disinfection tank At the disinfection tank, WW is mixed with disinfectant provided by metering pump system to destroy bacteria and coliform and other pathogenic microorganisms. The disinfection tank is designed to create the best mixing between WW and disinfectants. The treated WW is discharged into the receiving source. i ) Bio - pond Bio-pond is known as a pond of oxidation and stabilized WW for treating WW by bio measures which mainly depends on the self-cleaning process of the pond. In addition to the effects of stable treatment for WW, it functions to circulate the flow and WW quality before discharging into the receiving source. 1.5.2.3. Discharge characteristic (1). Characteristic of discharge systems WW after treating that meets the National Technical Regulation flows to the bio-pond of IZ, then to the open ditch via underground culvert before draining to Giat River via F600 culvert with bottom reinforcement of +2.5 m. The open internal canal is 1500 m long and 7 m wide. 26 (2). Discharge method Discharge upon the slope of the terrain from the bio-pond to the internal ditch in IZ, then to Giat river and Chau Giang river. (3). Discharge mode As the project of “Construction CETP with capacity of 1,500 m3/day at Hoa Mac IZ, Phase I, module 1” is completed, WW flow may increase by 1,319.7 m3/day & night. Therefore, it is operated in 24/24 h as it is exploited officially. (4). Discharge flow Maximal discharge: 1,320 m3/day; Minimal discharge: 250 m3/ day; Average discharge flow: 860 m3/ day. 1.5.3. Sludge treatment technology Excess sludge from the primary sedimentation tank and SBR tank will be pumped into the sludge tank for storage before being pumped to the sludge compressor. Sludge tank is covered to prevent odor pollution to the surrounding environment. Sludge dewatering conveyor is used to separate water from the sludge. For this process, the polymer will be lit as an auxiliary substances in the process of dewatering from the sludge. After dewatering sludge in cake form will be stored in temporary sludge storage area. Water separated from the sludge dewatering process will be recycled at the pump pit. The Investor signed the Contract with URENCO 11 to transport and treat hazardous sludge under the State’s current regulations (attached the Contract). 1.5.4. Total investments and implementation progress a) Total investment Total investment: VND 21,630,394,539 Capital structure: - Loan from Vietnam Environment Protection Fund (VEPF) (75% total investment) : VND 16,222,500,000 - Owned fund (25% total investmnet) : VND 5,407,394,539 Table 0-5. Table of total investment IDA loan Counterpart No Items Total (VND) (VND) fund (VND) 1 Preparing investment 500,000,000 500,000,000 2 Construction 5,500,000,000 1,500,000,000 7,500,000,000 3 Equipment 6,500,000,000 1,500,000,000 8,000,000,000 4 Initial working capital 130,000,000 130,000,000 5 Others 80,000,000 500,394,539 580,394,539 6 Completment, 60,000,000 250,000,000 310,000,000 transfering to use 7 Provision for expenses 3,082,500,000 1,527,500,000 4,610,000,000 Total 16,222,500,000 5,407,894,539 21,630,394,539 27 b) Implementation Progress - Infrastructure construction: 5 months; - Installation of equipment, technology pipeline systems: 3 months; - Pilot run: 2 months; - Technology transfer, acceptance and handover: 1 month. 1.6. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES 1.6.1. World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment The environmental and social screening according to the criteria described in the Bank’s policy on environmental assessment has been carried out, and the result shows that the WB policies on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01). The screening has also resulted in categorizing the subproject as a Category B subproject due to it moderate impacts associated with the construction and operation of the CETP. In addition, the Bank’s requirements on public consultation and information disclosure will need to be followed. Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01): Environmental Assessment (EA) is an umbrella policy for the Bank’s safeguard policies. The overarching objective is to ensure that Bank-financed projects are environmentally sound and sustainable, and that decision-making is improved through appropriate analysis of actions and of their likely environmental impacts. The EA process is intended to identify, avoid and mitigate potential impacts of Bank operations. EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and physical cultural resources); and transboundary and global environmental aspects. EA considers natural and social aspects in an integrated way. This subproject triggers OP 4.01 because it involves the construction and operation of the CETP, resulting in potential adverse environmental and social impacts that require appropriate mitigation measures. As required by OP 4.01 and the government EA regulation, the subproject has prepared an EIA with an associated EMP that meet the Government’s and the World Bank’s safeguards requirements. By the subproject appraisal, the subproject EIA and has been disclosed locally at the subproject site and at the Bank’s InfoShop, and the Vietnam Development Information Center. World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines This subproject should conform to the World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines1 (known as the "EHS Guidelines"). The EHS Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice. The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable to the World Bank Group and are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities at reasonable costs by existing technology. The environmental assessment process may recommend alternative (higher or lower) levels or measures, which, if acceptable to the World Bank, become project- or site-specific requirements. 1.6.2. Vietnamese Policy on Environmental Assessment (1) National Environmental Legislation 1 The EHS Guidelines can be consulted at www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines. 28 - Construction Law issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 26 November 2003; - Fire Prevention and Fire Code issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 29 June 2001; - Investment Law issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 29 November 2005; - Law on Environmental Protection issued by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 29 November 2005; - Law on Chemicals issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 21 November 2007; - Law on Biodiversity issued by National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 13 November 2008; - Urban Planning Act issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on June 17, 2009; - Law on Water Resources issued by the National Assembly of Socialist Republic of Vietnam on June 21, 2012. - Decree No.59/2007/NDTTg dated 09 April 2007 issued by the Prime Minister on the solid waste management. - Decree No.29/2008/NDCP dated 14 March 2008 issued by the Government on industrial zones, export processing zones and economic zones; - Decree No.29/2011/NDCP dated 18 April 2011 issued by the Government on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, and environmental protection commitments; - Decision No.53/2004/QDTTg dated 08 April 2004 issued by the Prime Minister promulgating the strategic orientation for sustainable development in Vietnam (Agenda 21); - Decision No.81/2006/QDTTg dated 14 April 2006 issued by the Prime Minister on approving the "National Strategy of environmental protection until 2010 with a vision to 2020 (NSEP)"; - Document No. 2003/TTg-CP by Prime Minister on the "Agreement of investment policy Hoa Mac Industrial Park, Hanam province with an area of 203 ha and implementing this IP to the list of priority industrial park that expected to new set in 2015 by Decision No.1107/QD- TTG dated 21 August 2006 by the Prime Minister ". - Decision No. 27/2004/QDBXD on 09 November 2004 issued by the Ministry of Construction on approval TCXDVN 320 2004 "Hazardous waste landfill - Design Standards"; 29 - Decision No.21/2005/QDBXD dated 22 July 2005 issued by Ministry of Construction on promulgating regulations on the notation system drawings in the construction plans. - Circular No.19/2008/TTBXD dated 20 November 2008 issued by the Ministry of Construction on "guiding the formulation, appraisal, approval and management of construction plan of the industrial zones and economic zones." - Circular No.08/2009/TTBTNMT dated 15 July 2009 issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on environmental protection regulations of economic zones, high-tech parks, the industrial zones and industrial clusters ; - Circular No.01/2011/TTBXD dated 27 January 2011 issued by the Ministry of Construction guiding the strategic environmental assessment; - Circular No.26/2011/TTBTNMT dated 18 July 2011 issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on detailing a number of articles of Decree No. 29/2011/NDCP of the Government on the strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, environmental protection commitment. - Circular No.04/2011/TTBTNMT dated 28 December 2011 issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on amending and supplementing some articles of (2) Local Environmental Legislations - Document No. 250/UBND-DN&XTDT dated 8 March 2007 by People’s Committees of Hanam province on approving the policy "Investor and business building Hoa Mac Industrial Zone Infrastructure of Hoa Phat construction and Urban Development Jsc ". - Decision No. 232/QD-UBND dated 30 January 2008 by People’s Committees of Hanam Province on approving "Detailed planning ratio of 1/500 Hoa Mac Industrial Park (Phase I), Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province ". - Decision No.1173/QD-UBND dated 19 September 2008 by People’s Committees of Hanam Province on approving adjustments "Detailed planning ratio of 1/500 Hoa Mac Industrial Park (Phase I), Duy Tien district, Hanam province". - Decision No.878/QD-UBND dated 24 July 2008 by Peolple’s Committees Hanam Province on "Land Acquisition and temporarily assigned to Hoa Mac Industrial Zone Devepment Management Co.,Ltd for clearance of the service investment and business building infrastructure Hoa Mac industrial Park - phase I, in Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province". - Decision No.1805/QD-UBND dated 29 December 2009 by People’s Committees of Hanam Province on "Land Acquisition assigned to Hoa Mac Industrial Zone Devepment Management Co.,Ltd for clearance of the service investment and business building infrastructure Hoa Mac industrial Park - phase I, in Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province". 30 - Decision No.1094/QD-UBND dated 01 September 2008 by People’s Committees of Hanam province on "Approving report of environmental impact assessment of investment project and business building industrial infrastructure Hoa Mac in Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province". - Decision No.942/QD-UBND dated 11 August 2009 of People’s Committees of Hanam Province on "Establishment of Hoa Mac Industrial Zone, Hanam Province". - Delivery record of land in 5 May 2010 at Hoa Mac town and 8 September 2010 at Chau Giang commune. (3) Documents related to Component No 2 of the project of industrial pollution management in the Dong Nai, Nhue Day river basins - Decision No.1932/QD-BTNMT on 12 November 2012 on approving component No 2 - Pilot investment loan to build the central wastewater treatment plants in industrial zones of the project "Industrial Pollution Management in the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins"; - Decision No.1953/QDBTNMT on 14 November 2012 on establishment of the Project Management Board of Component No 2 - Pilot investment loan to build the central wastewater treatment plants in the industrial zones of the project "Industrial Pollution Management of Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins"; - Decision No.1196/QDBKHDT on 17 September 2012 of the Minister of Planning and Investment on approving the feasibility study report on the project “Industrial Pollution Management of the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins”; - Decision No.1403/QDBKHDT on 25 October 2012 on amending and supplementing a number of articles of Decision No. 1196/QDBKHDT; - Decision No.1205/QDBKHDT on 19 September 2012 on establishment of the Project Steering Committee for the project “Industrial Pollution Management in the Dong Nai, Nhue- Day river basins” - Official Letter No. 13606/BTCQLN on 5 October 2012 on specific lending conditions for the WB Project “Industrial Pollution Management”. - Loan Agreement (VIPM Project) between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the International Development Association on 24 September 2012 (No. 5175VN). - Environment and Social Management Framework, The project “Industrial Pollution Management in the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins, 2012. 1.6.3. The environmental standards and regulaions (1).Water Quality - QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality; - QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT- National technical regulations on groundwater quality; 31 - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic wastewater quality; - QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT- National technical regulations on industrial waste water; (2). Air Quality - QCVN 05:2008/BTNMT - Air Quality - National technical regulations on ambient air quality ; - QCVN 06:2008/BTNMT - Air quality - Allowable maximum concentration of toxic substances in the ambient air. (2).Soil Quality QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on the permissible limits of heavy metals in the soil; (3).Solid Waste Management - TCVN 6696:2009 - Solid waste – Sanitary Landfill- General requirements for the protection of the environment; - QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - The national regulation on classification of hazardous waste; - QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on wastewater leakage from solid waste landfills; (4).Noise and vibration - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise; - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on vibration. (5).Safety and Occupational Health Decision No 3733/2002/QD-BYT on 10 October 2002 about applications of 21 standards for safety and health. 32 CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREA 2.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREA 2.1.1. Natural characteristics 2.1.1.1. Topography, geology, climate (1). Topography Most of the site in Hoa Mac IZ is cultivated fields of the residents in the area. The terrain is relatively flat. The area for sunken ponds and irrigation ditches for entire surrounding rice fields is not large in the average height of +2.3 m. The terrain tends to slope from east to west. Generally, ground level is relatively low so it is required to elevate the ground during the construction process on basis of the height of NH38, from +3.8 m to +4.0 m. (2). Geology According to result of geological survey of work “CETP with capacity of 1,500 m3/day at Hoa Mac IZ, Phase I, module 1”, the geology of the project site is as follows: + ) Layer 1: Gray-brown Clay Layer 1 in all 3 drilled holes with the following depth and thickness: Table 2-1. The depth and thickness of first layer at the drill-hole Depth distribution Drill-hole number Layer thickness (m) Layer top Layer bottom LK1 0.0 0.6 0.6 LK2 0.0 1.2 1.2 LK3 0.0 0.9 0.9 In terms of geology, this layer is not meaningful so it is not required to sample during the survey process. + ) Layer 2: Gray-brown, ash gray clay mud The layer 2 is under the layer 1 in all 3 drilled holes with the depth and thickness are as follows: Table 2-2. The depth and thickness of second layer at the drill-hole Depth distribution Layer thickness Drill-hole number Layer top Layer bottom (m) LK1 0.6 7.5 6.9 LK2 1.2 6.2 5.0 LK3 0.9 9.7 8.8 Average physical and mechanical characteristics are as follows: Table 2-3. Synthetic table of mechanical and physical target of the second layer No Target Symbol Unit Standard value 0.5 - 0.25 - 0.25 - 0.1 1.0 1 Particle 0.1 - 0.05 30.3 composition P % 0.05 - 0.01 30.3 (mm) 0.01 - 0.005 14.3 < 0.005 24.0 33 2 Specific weight ∆ g/cm3 2.68 3 Natural humidity W0 % 54.6 4 Natural volume mass γW g/cm3 1.61 5 Dry volume mass γc g/cm3 1.045 6 Flow limit WL % 48.1 7 Soft limit Wp % 32.0 8 Soft index IS % 16.1 9 Thickness Ip % 1.40 10 Saturation G % 93.2 11 Porosity n % 61.0 12 Porous coefficient εo 1.567 13 Internal friction angle ϕ degree 3028 14 Cohesion C kG/cm2 0.088 15 Coefficient of compression and a1-2 cm2/kG 0.115 subsidence 16 Total deformation modulus E1-2 kG/cm2 17 17 Convention capacity load RH kG/cm2 0.41 18 Average number of hammer N 4 SPT/30cm + ) Layer 3: Ash gray, dark gray sandy sludge, interleaved clays, sometimes mixed with organic matters. The layer 3 is under the layer 2 in all 3 drilled holes with the depth and thickness are as follows: Table 2-4. The depth and thickness of third layer at the drill-hole Depth distribution Drill-hole number Layer thickness (m) Top Layer Bottom Layer LK1 7.5 15.0 7.5 LK2 6.2 17.3 11.1 LK3 9.7 18.5 8.8 Average physical and mechanical characteristics are as follows: Table 2-5. Synthetic table of mechanical and physical target of the third layer No Target Symbol Unit Standard value 0.5 - 0.25 1.0 0.25 - 0.1 16.7 1 Particle 0.1 - 0.05 35.0 composition P % 0.05 - 0.01 26.0 (mm) 0.01 - 0.005 11.0 < 0.005 9.3 2 Specific weight ∆ g/cm3 2.67 3 Natural humidity W0 % 46.0 4 Natural volume mass γW g/cm3 1.67 5 Dry volume mass γc g/cm3 1.147 6 Flow limit WL % 39.7 7 Soft limit Wp % 31.4 8 Soft index IS % 8.3 34 9 Thickness Ip % 1.75 10 Saturation G % 92.4 11 Porosity n % 57.0 12 Porous coefficient εo 1.328 13 Internal friction angle ϕ degree 8040 14 Cohesion C kG/cm2 0.132 15 Coefficient of compression and a1-2 cm2/kG 0.094 subsidence 16 Total deformation modulus E1-2 kG/cm2 25 17 Convention capacity load RH kG/cm2 0.66 18 Average number of hammer N 5 SPT/30cm + ) Layer 4: Gray-brown clay mud, ash gray, sometimes mixed with organic matters The layer 4 is under the layer 3 in all 3 drilled holes with the depth and thickness are as follows: Table 2-6. The depth and thickness of fourth layer at the drill-hole Depth distribution Drill-hole number Layer thickness (m) Top Layer Bottom Layer LK1 15.0 29.5 14.5 LK2 17.3 29.2 11.9 LK3 18.5 31.8 13.3 Average physical and mechanical characteristics are as follows: Table 2-7. Synthetic table of mechanical and physical target of the fourth layer No Target Symbol Unit Standard value 0.5 - 0.25 - 0.25 - 0.1 0.5 1 Particle 0.1 - 0.05 30.0 composition P % 0.05 - 0.01 37.3 (mm) 0.01 - 0.005 12.2 < 0.005 20.0 2 Specific weight ∆ g/cm3 2.69 3 Natural humidity W0 % 46.0 4 Natural volume mass γW g/cm3 1.66 5 Dry volume mass γc g/cm3 1.136 6 Flow limit WL % 40.0 7 Soft limit Wp % 24.4 8 Soft index IS % 15.6 9 Thickness Ip % 1.38 10 Saturation G % 90.1 11 Porosity n % 57.7 12 Porous coefficient εo 1.369 13 Internal friction angle ϕ degree 4039 14 Cohesion C kG/cm2 0.125 15 Coefficient of compression and a1-2 cm2/kG 0.093 subsidence 35 16 Total deformation modulus E1-2 kG/cm2 19 17 Convention capacity load RH kG/cm2 0.54 18 Average number of hammer N 6 SPT/30cm + ) Layer 5: Gray yellow, gray hard plastic clay The layer 5 is under the layer 4 in all 3 drilled holes. The thickness is not identified because the surveyed holes end at the depth of this layer. Physical and mechanical average of the strata as follows : Table 2-8. Synthetic table of mechanical and physical target of the fifth layer No Target Symbol Unit Standard value 0.5 - 0.25 - 0.25 - 0.1 7.0 1 Particle 0.1 - 0.05 32.3 composition P % 0.05 - 0.01 25.7 (mm) 0.01 - 0.005 15.7 < 0.005 19.3 2 Specific weight ∆ g/cm3 2.70 3 Natural humidity W0 % 21.9 4 Natural volume mass γW g/cm3 1.91 5 Dry volume mass γc g/cm3 1.570 6 Flow limit WL % 30.1 7 Soft limit Wp % 14.9 8 Soft index IS % 15.3 9 Thickness Ip % 0.46 10 Saturation G % 82.0 11 Porosity n % 41.9 12 Porous coefficient εo 0.722 13 Internal friction angle ϕ degree 15052 14 Cohesion C kG/cm2 0.231 15 Coefficient of compression and a1-2 cm2/kG 0.041 subsidence 16 Total deformation modulus E1-2 kG/cm2 83 17 Convention capacity load RH kG/cm2 1.27 18 Average number of hammer N 16 SPT/30cm Survey results showed that the geological conditions of the area is complex. There are 05 layers with different thickness, area and physical properties in the scope of the survey. - Layer 1: Gray brown landfilling. So it is noted in design and construction. - Layer 2: Gray-brown, ash gray clay mud appears in all holes RH= 0.41 kG/cm2, E1-2= 17 kG/cm2. - Layer 3: Ash gray, dark gray sandy sludge, interleaved clays, sometimes mixed with organic matters. This strata appears in all holes RH= 0.66 kG/cm2, E1-2= 25 kG/cm2.. 36 - Layer 4: Gray-brown clay mud, ash gray, sometimes mixed with organic matters. This strata appears in all holes RH= 0.54 kG/cm2, E1-2= 19 kG/cm2.. - Layer 5: Gray yellow, gray hard plastic clay. This strata appears in all holes RH= 1.27 kG/cm2, E1-2= 83 kG/cm2. Conclusions: Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP may be placed on layer 5. However, it is required to stabilize the foundation by prestressed concrete piles and application of suitable base countermeasures to ensure quality work and achieve economic efficiency (these technical requirements are shown in the Contract between the Investor and the Construction Contractor). (3). Climate The project site in particular and Ha Nam province in general have the tropical monsoon climate with two main wind directions: Northeast and Southeast, 4 seasons with 4 types of weather: Warm spring, hot summer, cool autumn and cold winter. * Temperature The average temperature in recent years changes insignificantly, from 23.2 to 24.55 . The average temperature is shown in the following table : Table 2-9. Average temperature in months and years (0C) No Month 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year 1 January 16.5 14.9 15.5 17.7 16.8 17.1 2 February 21.3 13.2 22 21.5 20.8 20.5 3 March 20.9 20.6 20.6 21.6 21.2 20.8 4 April 22.8 24.2 24 13 22.1 23.2 5 May 26.4 26.8 26.4 28.5 27.2 27.8 6 June 29.8 28 30.2 30.6 29.5 28.9 7 July 29.9 29.2 29.4 30.3 29.8 29.5 8 August 28.5 28.5 29.3 27.8 28.9 28.4 9 September 26.6 27.5 28.3 28 27.8 28.1 10 October 24.5 26 26 24.9 24.2 26.1 11 November 20.7 21.3 21.3 21.8 23.5 23.2 12 December 20.1 17.9 19.2 19.3 17.2 18.9 Average 24.0 23.2 24.35 24.55 24.09 24.38 (Source: Statistical Yearbook of Hanam Province in 2012) * Sunlight and radiation Total minimal and maximal hours of sunshine at Ha Nam province in 2009 and 2010 were 1.146 hours and 1.426 hours, respectively. The sunshine hours in summer make up 82% of that in the whole year and the months with the largest sunny hours are May, June, July, August, September, November. Solar radiation is an important factor directly affecting the thermal regime in the region, affecting the dispersion and transformation of pollutants. Average daily radiation layer in Ha Nam province is 100-120 Kcal/cm2. The months with the highest radiation is in summer (June , August and September) and the lowest radiation in winter months. 37 Table 2-10. The hour number of sunshine in months No Month 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year 1 January 63 64 96.4 33 11.1 1.9 2 February 46 27 79.0 90.6 37.3 17.9 3 March 9 58 44.1 59 16.8 20.5 4 April 83 71 77.2 58.6 61.2 105 5 May 146 155 117.6 139.1 159.7 167.2 6 June 232 101 183.9 170.8 151.2 110.8 7 July 234 128 153.7 211.0 170.4 168.2 8 August 126 126 204.2 123.9 177.9 168.5 9 September 126 110 138.6 142.5 109.4 129.4 10 October 89 75 115.4 116.1 65.4 113.1 11 November 91 128 138.7 91.7 98.3 105.6 12 December 32 103 77.8 93.1 73.6 45.7 Total 1277 1146 1426.6 1329.4 1132.3 1153.8 (Source: Statistical Yearbook of Hanam Province in 2012) * Rainfall The total average rainfall in 2012 is about 1.768 mm/year. It is divided into two distinct seasons, wet and dry seasons. The wet season from May to October accounts for about 80 % of the annual rainfall, which is concentrated in May, June, July, August, September, October and November and the dry season from November to the following April. The average rainfall is shown in the following table : Table 2-11. Average volume of rainfall in months and years (mm) No Month 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year 1 January 1.6 37 10.3 106.4 13.3 39.9 2 February 59.6 14 9.9 8.7 27.9 29.5 3 March 47.9 23 55.5 17.4 95.8 24.3 4 April 51.7 34 88.0 59.9 52.4 60.9 5 May 329.5 260 347.4 176.9 192.8 200.5 6 June 53.0 372 86.5 213.7 325.2 126.3 7 July 269.3 231 509.5 334.2 223.6 253.7 8 August 228.9 271 115.1 429.5 291.7 251 9 September 231.8 352 285.5 209.7 405.9 382.9 10 October 285.4 323 91.1 136.8 135.4 145.6 11 November 11.6 199 6.7 9.9 70.0 182.9 12 December 11.8 22 32.1 59.0 12.7 71.5 Total 1582.1 2138 1637.6 1762.1 1846.7 1768.8 (Source: Statistical Yearbook of Hanam Province in 2012) * Humidity In general, annual average air moisture in Ha Nam province is relatively large, ranging from 81.3 to 83.5 %, depending on rainfall so there are 2 periods in one year: The period with high humidity and that with low humidity. The average humidity is shown in the following table: 38 Table 2-12. The average humidity in months and years (%) No Month 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year 1 January 72 85 76 84 78 79 2 February 87 77 88 83 85 82 3 March 92 86 87 82 84 81 4 April 85 87 88 90 89 87 5 May 83 83 87 86 84 82 6 June 80 86 76 76 82 85 7 July 80 81 82 80 81 86 8 August 86 86 81 88 83 86 9 September 85 86 83 86 85 83 10 October 83 84 81 76 82 81 11 November 73 78 71 75 71 74 12 December 83 75 78 78 76 78 Average 82.4 82.8 81.5 82 81.7 82 (Source: Statistical Yearbook of Hanam Province in 2012) * Wind speed and wind direction In Ha Nam province, there are two main wind directions in one year. There are north wind and northeast wind in winter from November to next April. There are south wind and southeast wind in summer from April to August. Ha Nam province is impacted by storms similarly to the Northern plains. The average annual wind speed is 2.5 m/s. * The types of abnormal weather - The Northeast monsoon The Northeast monsoon is the high pressure gas which is formed from Asia continent, then to the North Vietnam via Hoa Nam (China) toward the northeast direction from September to May. The winds are more and stronger in mid-winter than that in early and late winter. Each Northeast monsoon period impacts the local weather from 3 to 10 days, which is showned by sudden lower air temperature and “being tropicalized” to warmer. Some Northeast monsoon periods in early or late winter face hot moist tropical weather,causing weather disturbance such as creation of storms, tornados, hails to destruct the localities where they swept through. - Hoarfrost It often appears in December and next January after end of the strong northeast monsoon periods, sunny weather, cloudless nights, calm winds, causing strong ground radiation. Water vapor in the air closed to the ground condenses in the form of salt crystals to cause cold weather which is so-called hoarfrost. Hoarfrost can suspend the botanic metabolism, freezing the tissues to cause the death of tropical mollusca, damaging the respiratory system of humans and animals . Conclusions: The project site is located in the tropical monsoon climate with many varied weather patterns in different seasons. This type of weather will not affect much to the industrial production operations of tenants in the IZ. 39 2.1.2. Socio-economic conditions 2.1.2.1. Socio-economic conditions of Hoa Mac Town in first 6 months of 2013 Hoa Mac town is Duy Tien medium district so it is quite favorable in terms of traffic and socio- economic development. (1). Agricultural production Regarding cultivation: The total cultivating area in winter-spring crops is 164 hectares, making up 100% of the assigned schedule, in which the area for rice growing is 115 hectares and crop area is 49 hectares. Rice yield reaches 59.1 quintals / hectare. Cereal output is 366 tons. Regarding husbandry: Husbandary has developed stably. The prevention of disease such as epidemic disease for livestock and poultry are often interested. According to survey data, in the entire town: − Pigs: 854; − Cows: 8; − Poultry: about 14,250. (2). Industrial production - handicraft industry - Civil Construction - Commercial Services In terms of industry and handicraft: Total production value in the last 6 months is estimated to be VND 10.2 billion (making up 54 % of the plan). The industries are further maintained and developed namely production of building materials, furniture, welding, garment and textile, etc. In terms of civil construction: Total investment in civil construction in first 6 months of 2013 is estimated to be VND 2 billion. In the first 6 months, it has completed adjacent lines and yard to the Secondary School and functional office of the Primary School. It has concretized village roads, alleys under the Province’s policy on cement support. In terms of commercial services: Up to now, the number of households participating in commerce services throughout Hoa Mac town are over 742 households, which is 6 households larger than that in 2012. Hoa Mac market’s operations are stable to contribute significantly to the locality’s budget (3). Regarding the Traffic – Irrigation system Hoa Mac People’s Committee established the Steering Committee for Flood and Storm Control to construct plans, specific schedules to each village, street, to preare sufficient materials, facilities and personnel to readily respond in emergent cases. To regularly coordinate with the inter-disciplinary agencies to organize to clear traffic safety corridor in the region. (4). Regarding socio-culture issues * Education and training Kindergartens: The school is ranked the 11th in the district after the academic year of 2012 – 2013. There are 48 5- year-children in the primary education level in the town. Primary schools: Number moved students make up 100 %. 31 teachers and 455 students were rewarded and complimented in the end school year 2012 – 2013. The primary education is ranked the first in the district 40 Secondary Schools: Number moved students make up 100 %, in which, excelent students (3.75%), merit (49.44%), satifactory (45.32%) and weak (1.5%). Common secondary education quality is ranked the 6th in the district * Health care - population In the first 6 months of 2013, the local Medical Center organized to provide health care services to 1,500 turns of patients, to offer oral anthelmintics to 470 infants and vitamin A to 360 infants in the age of 6 – 36 months. The rate of natural population growth in the first 6 months is 0.27 % . The whole town has actively implemented a plan on construction and development the Fund for Children Protection; Action Plan for Children in 2013. 2.1.2.2. Socio-economic conditions of Chau Giang Commune in first 6 months of 2013 (1). Agricultural production +) Cultivation: In the winter- spring of 2013, the commune has planted 1,815 hectares, in which: - The area for rice growing is 1,640 hectares - The area for maize growing is 150 hectares - The area for cucumber growing is 8 hectares - The area for beans and nut growing is 25 hectares - The area for soy growing is 11 hectares The average rice yield reaches 66.3 quintals / hectare. Total food productivity is 4630.4 tons (accounting for 55.78 % of the plan in the year) Total crop value in the first six months of 2013 is VND 40.5 billion, increasing by 20.9 % compared to the same period in 2012. +) Husbandry: By 30th June 2013, total pigs are 3,500, reducing by 760 pigs in comparison with that in the same period, buffaloes are 275, increasing by 15. Poultry is 85,000, increasing by 30,000 in comparison with that in the same period Aquaculture has developed in low-lying fields and 455- hectare- ponds in the form of a farm. Many households’ income is over VND 100 million / hectare / year. Fishery output is 310 tons. Estimated income from breeding and aquaculture is VND 34.5 billion. (2). Services In the first 6 months of 2013, revenues from industrial production, handicraft, and construction is estimated to be VND 60.6 billion, making up 52.3 % of the plan Revenue from commercial services is VND 58.2 billion, making up 57.3 % of the plan, in which: - Revenue from services: is estimated to be VND 34 billion; - Income from labor export: VND 9 billion; - Revenue from social insurance and pension policies for dedicated people and social welfare beneficiary objects: VND 13.8 billion; 41 - Revenue from salary allowances of officers: VND 1.4 billion. (3). Socio-culture, health care, education +) Socio-culture By June 2013, Chau Giang commune has 15,354 inhabitants, the rate of natural population growth is 0.4 %, reducing by 0.2 %; 3rd child rate reduces by 1.5 %. Communicating and cultural activities are well organized, including to complete 59 wall- mounted slogans, 65 turns of banners, to hang 2,300 turns of flags, to propagandize in large events; to prevent social evils and to propagandize to construct the new urban areas; to intensify management of cultural activitiesto organize cultural exchange, art shows, sport events, the joining-up songs of 2013, and to organize to receive the honor title of National Relics for Dinh Dong Ngoai; +) Health care: In the first 6 months of 2013, the Medical Station has organized to provide examination and treatment services to 8,212 turns of patients, in which 2,980 turns of patients are the health insurance beneficiary objects. For example, to supply VND 80 million for drug. Number of children having vitamin A is 856 children, the percentage of malnourished children under 5 years old is 14.9 %, reducing by 0.5 % compared with that in 2012. The results are medicine are distributed to 74 psychiatric, neurological patients, 5 TB patients, 1 leprosy victim; to check and test 23 food business facilities in 3 inspection times; to actively propagandize prevention of malnutrition, anemia prevention in association with the provincial Eye Hospital; to provide examination services to 55 patients, to complete cataract surgeries to 5 patients and Retina surgery to 5 other patients. +) Education: In the academic year of 2012 – 2013, A Primary School has 332 students. B Elementary School has 541 students and Secondary School has 548 students. The education has made positive changes in the quality of teaching and learning. A number of attendants are remained in the year, making up 100%; secondary school graduates account for 100%, in which the excellent and merit rate accounts for 43.6 %. 2.1.2.3. Socio-economic conditions of Trac Van Commune in 2012 (1). Agricultural production + Cultivation The area for rice growing was 231 hectares, making up 100% of the plan. Rice productivity reached 121 kg /hectare, making up 101 % of the plan and 94.3% in the same period. Rice output reached 2,795 tons. Table 2-13. Plants in rich-soil Area Productivity Yield No Crops (ha) (quintal/ha) (ton) 1 Corn in Spring Corp 120 50 600 2 Peanut in Spring Corp 20 70 140 3 Bean in Spring Corp 1 27 2.7 4 Corn in Summer Corp 15 60 90 5 Soybean in Summer Corp 65 27 175.5 6 Bean in Summer Corp 50 22 110 7 Corn in Winter Corp 125 50 625 42 Cultivation value was VND 35 billion, four hundred and forty six million, two thousand dong. + Husbandry Husbandary was relatively stable. Total pigs were 16,098 (in which sows: 723, sucking pigs: 9,639 and porker: 5736), buffaloes, cows and calves were 480. Poultry: 110,091. In addition, the local people keep honey-bees. The commune has 240 bee herds with the capacity of 3,120 kg. Alquaculture is effective with the capacity of 224 tons. Livestock production value reached VND fifty two billion, three hundred and eighty nine million dong. (2). Industry - Handicraft Industry and Construction Estimated production value reached VND 71,456,700,000. The main products are silk weaving, construction, furniture, mechanics, welding, textile and garments, etc. The commune has 254 builders, 31 silk weavers, 81 garment workers, 91 carpenters, etc. Total employeed people in the commune is 1,773 out of 5,182 people. (3). Irrigation Irrigation and flood control are checked, instructed and directed to maintain and correct key irrigation works. In addition, the works for agricultural production are improved such as restoration and dredging 9,000 m3 of ditches; excavation and embankment of 400 m3. (4). Culture – Society and education The commune has 8,409 heads and 2,536 households by December 2012, of which emigrants are 49; immigrants: 56, birth rate: 168; dealth rate: 73 and marriage: 72 couples. The local cultural works for activities of the residential communities are operated more effectively. 8 out of 8 villages remain the title of cultural villages. There are 2,062 standard cultural families in the commune. Compulsory primary education level 2 is completed in the commune and it is universalizing pre-school education to 5-year –old children. There are 03 standard national schools in the commune. The commune has won 04 prizes in the province level excellent –grade- 5 pupil contests It has effectively implemented disease prevention and health care to the local people via provision of examination and treatment to 8,107 turns of patients, making up 103% of the plan, in which the patients in the health insurance policies are 4,293 turns of patients. 2.1.2.4. Social-economic conditions of Duy Tien District First 6 months of 2013 Duy Tien District is located in the North of Ha Nam province. It is the gateway of southern Hanoi and 20 km from Phu Ly City. The natural area is 13,765.80 hectares, equal to 16.01% of the province. There are 19 communes, 2 towns, and population of over 130 thousand people. There are so many key roads, railways, roadways, waterway so passing the district to bring the favorable conditions in trade and economic development (1). Agricultural productivity– rural areas Production in winter crops: The district’s cultivating area is 6637.5 hectares, in which: - The area for winter-spring rice: 5,778 hectares 43 - The area for spring crops: 859 hectares Expected Yield: Rice (67.9 kg / hectare), corn (59.9 kg / hectare); peanuts (27,6 kg / hectare). Cereal output is estimated to be 43,400 tons Breeding is stable and epidemic diseases do not happen. In detail, the district has: - Pigs: 45,110; - Cows and buffaloes: 4,810, including 275 dairy cows; - Poultry: 1.4 million. The district has 850 hectares for aquaculture with the estimated output of 1,220 tons. (2). Industry – Handicraft- Construction Growth of industry – Handicraft in the district is good, reaching VND 2,710 billion, increasing by 34.49% in comparison with that in the same period. The district is taking most of the investments from budgets and actively mobilize resources for the construction and renovation and upgrading of the engineering infrastructure. Currently, the district has started construction of some projects namely Lang Giang Temple Spiritual Tourism Project; Working House of the District, Working House of the Department of Finance & Accounting; Headquarter of Bach Thuong Commune People’s Committee. In addition, it focuses on strengthening construction of Projects: Hoa Mac – Chau Giang – Moc Bac Road, Access Road to the center of communes, towns; Stabilized System of Irrigation, etc) (3). Natural resources and environment To instruct functional departments and communes, towns to complete the construction plans of dump sites to facilitate transportation to the plant at Duy Minh commune for handling. To regularly check and remind environmental hygiene and protection in the business units and in the residential areas. (4). Social and cultural fields There are 142 out of 156 villages, cities holding the honor title of cultural villages, streets, making up 91%. A number of cultural families are 31,955 out of 34,680, accounting for 92%. Disease prevention and food safety and hygiene control works have been actively implemented. In the first 6 months of 2013, there is no epidemic disease or food poisoning cases in the district. Vaccination work is implemented seriously. 100% of the children in the age of 6 – 36 months take A vitamin under the national policy. To timely implement social welfare policies. To offer 277 tons of rice to the poor and near- poor households on the occasions of Tet holidays of Snake year. To exempt electric bill in the 1st quarter to poor families, about VND 276,570,000/ 3,037 families. B. Development orientations of Duy Tien District in period of 2011 – 2015 (5). Orientations To enhance leadership skills and capacity of the Party’s organizations.; To firmly and transparently build the political system from district to grassroots level. To promote democracy and unity strength of the political system; To intensify the compaign “Study and follow the moral example of Ho Chi Minh"; To speed up economic development in a sustainable manner; to combine economic development with socio-cultural promotion, environmental protection, and improvement of local people’s life; To construct the high quality workforce to facilitate the economic shifting process and the process of industrial 44 district construction; To mobilize human resources to build economic infrastructure and civil works; To strictly combine socio-economic development with national defense – security control; to keep politics, public order and safety sustainable. (6). Main targets Gross domestic product per capita in the district increases by 15.15 % / year. GDP average per capita in 2015 is expected to be VND 42.28 million/ year Economic restructure by 2015: + Industry - construction: 57.75%; + Services: 30.75%; + Agriculture, forestry and fisheries: 11.5%; Total food production per capita: 68,686 tonnes / year. The average production value of agriculture, forestry, fisheries increases by 1.8 % / year. Value of industry – handicraft output increases by 24.4%/ year in average. Total retail sales of social consumer goods and services increase by 13.15 % / year in average. The export value increases by 12.5 % / year in average. Total payment to the State’s budget increases by 15% / year in average Number of people with new employment: 3,440 people/ year in average The natural population growth rate by 2015 is 0.75 %. The birth rate reduces by 0.12% The poor households are expected to reduce by 6% by 2015. The rate of malnourished under-5-year infants are expected to reduce by 16% by 2015 The rate of households approaching freshwater by 2015 is expected to make up 91% Percentage of trained employees by 2015 is expected to make up 40 – 45% Rate of new urban communes by 2015 is expected to make up 20% Rate of the Party’s strong and transparent committees is over 85% (7). Main tasks +) Industry – Handicraft development High-speed and sustainable growth is the central task. It is expected to increase the industry, handicraft output value by 24.4%/ year. To plan and expand Izs, handicraft industry of the district; to focus on completion of the engineering infrastructrue of Hoa Mac IZ. To make efforts to fill the area of Dong Van II IZ, Cau Giat Handicraft Industrial Cluster. To strictly punish the projects which are issued with investment certificate but they do not implement the business and production operations under the regulations and laws. To improve the efficiency of Izs in the locality. To attract large enterprieses, to use modern, energy saving, environmental friendly technologies; to priotize to invest in high-technology industrial fields, agro-processing, food, etc. To do training and selection of workers well, to secure to provide welfare policies to workers, etc to priotize to recruit local workers to work for the tenants. 45 To continue to expand scope of the existing trade villages, to develop new occupations with high income. To improve the quality, diversify handicraft products; to pay more attentions to key products with high export value namely rattan, handicraft goods, etc. +) Development of agricultural commodities; restructuring of the agricultural sector by increasing the proportion of livestock . Promoting new rural construction To develop agricultural commodities with high productivity, quality and efficiency. To actively restructure of agricultural sector by increasing the proportion of livestock. To make the efforts to develop the agricultural, forestry, fishery values to make up 55% of total agricultural value. Average agricultural, forestry, fishery value increases by 1.8%/ year in average. A positive internal restructuring of the agricultural sector. Striving value livestock industry, aquaculture, 55 % of the total agricultural value. The value of average increase of 1.8 % / year. To promote application of advanced science, technology, especially biotechnology in farming. To improve rice cultivation, crop restructure, variety restructure to make up over 55 % of hybrid rice, 30% of high quality rice; to enhance winter crop output and land use factor by 2.65 times. To generalize and expand polyculture model; models of economic households; patterns of farm economcics with the income of about VND 100 million / hectares or more. To issue the plans on construction the specialized areas for cultivation, to stimulate to grow saplings with high economic value or in association with processing, business and export. To actively execute natural disasters prevention works to minimize possible loss and damage. To improve the State’s cooperatives attached to the agricultural products. To encourage to establish specialized cooperatives. To develop strongly centralized husbandary on large scale. To secure to control epidemic diseases and protect environment. To control veterinary works, killing and transporting cattle and poultry well. To make the best efforts in producing over 13,550 tons of meat of livestocks / year in average. To effectively implement the Plan on Pilot Construction of New Urban Model at Doi Son Commune. To make the efforts in facilitating 5 out of 21 communes and towns to reach the title of new urban criteria. Implement effective pilot scheme to build a new rural model in Doi Son commune . Striving to 2015, with a 5/21 communes and towns reaching new rural criteria. +) Faster development of trade, services and tourism To make the best efforts to increase total retail sales of social consumer services by 13.15%/ year in average. To invest, upgrade urban markets, to improve and construct Hoa Mac, Dong Van markets to become center of commerce in the district. To promote trade in various forms; to search, expand the markets to consume agricultural and aquacultural products. To pay more attentions to exploit export markets for advantaged tradditional goods, especially agricultural products, handicraft goods. To expand and improve the quality of services namely transport, festival tourism, telecommunications, especially services for productions and urban living activities. To develop legal consultancy services, insurance, education, health care, culture, communication and sport. To pay attention to develop high-quality services to better meet the development demands of the district. To invest and improve the quality of operations in tourist places namely Doi Son Ploughing Festival, Doi Son Long Pagado Festival, Lang Giang Temple, etc to make the deep impressions in the visitors’ mind and to develop the local services at the same time. 46 To enhance investment in attractions : Doi Son charged festival , festivals Long Doi Son Pagoda , Temple Lang Giang ..., creating deep imprint for tourists to visit in parallel with the development of local services. Conclusions: Generally, the life of local people in the Project site has been much interested by the local goverment. The policies on social welfare, health care, education and vocational development are always practical, securing the living quality of local people. The agriculture and handicraft industries are restructured to ensure that the local people could benefit from them.. Hoa Mac IZ may, in its favorable location, help increase the the revenue of local area and create employment for local peoplein the district. 2.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RECEIVING RESOURCE 2.2.1. WW receiving place WW treated by Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP flows to Giat River to Chau Giang river and finally further to Red River. 2.2.2. Natural features 2.2.2.1. Hydrological characteristics of receiving resource Hydrological regime is varied with dense river network. There are 4 surrounding major rivers namely Red River, Chau Giang River, Nhue River and Duy Tien River. The water resources are abundant, easily exploited, and sufficient for local production and living demands. Mac Hoa IZ is directly affected by hydrology of Chau Giang and Giat Rivers. The hydrology mechanism of the rivers is summarized as follows: - Chau Giang River: It is originated in Ha Nam Territory. At Tien Phong (Duy Tien), Chau Giang River is divided into two branches, of which one branch is the separator between Ly Nhan and Binh Luc Districts and one branch is the separator between Duy Tien and Binh Luc Districts. Chau Giang River at Ha Nam Province is 58.6 km long. Average flow rate in dry season and wet season is 5 – 10 m3/s and 60 m3/s, respectively. - Giat River: Giat River receives treated WW directly from Hoa Mac IZ. The average flow rate of the river is 22.6 m3/s. 2.2.2.2. Aquatic environment Giat river and Chau Giang River are mainly for irrigation purposes in agriculture so the aquatic environment is less diversified. Regarding aquatic plants: Basically, there are few aquatic plants, sometime, locally appear in small amounts of algae in the water About organisms: they are mainly available fishes namely anabas, sailfish, hemicultur, shrimp, crabs, snails, etc. In addition, there are limited number of large fishes such as carps, major carps, etc. Due to heavy rain, fishes escape from surrounding aquaculture ponds. Generally, natural fishes on Giat river and Chau Giang river are limited in quantity and less diversified in types. 2.3. SUMMARY OF THE EXISTING STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT AT THE PROJECT AREA 2.3.1. Air The air environment monitoring results in Hoa Mac IZ is displayed in the below table: 47 Table 2-14. Air quality results in IZ (10th December 2012) Location of Sample Concentration (mg/m3) Symbol CO SO2 NO2 Hoa Mac Bridge nearby IZ 0.193 0.154 0.123 K1 Entrance in front of IZMB’s office 0.126 0.11 0.06 K2 Giat bridgehead 0.128 0.05 0.064 K3 At the end of IZ (in Chuyen Thien village, Chau K4 Giang commune) 0.118 0.072 0.05 Internal road that is far 650 meter from the IZ port K5 northward 0.131 0.053 0.03 Internal road that is far 90 meter from Dong Doai K6 cemetery northward 0.114 0.085 0.064 At CETP 0.45 0.124 0.13 K7 QCVN 05-06:2009/BTNMT (1 hour for average) 30 0.35 0.2 Note: QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality. QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air. Table 2-15. Results of dust, noise and microclimate in some location in IZ (10th December 2012) Noise Dust Tempe Humidit Wind Wind Location of Symbol (dBA) (mg/m3) rature y Direction Velocity Sample (oC) (%) (m/s) Hoa Mac South- A1 bridgehead 78 0.355 32.9 78.1 0.4 east nearby IZ Entrance in front South- A2 85 1.99 32.4 73.6 0.8 of IZMB’s office east Giat bridgehead South- A3 77 0.67 33.1 76.9 0.51 east At the end of IZ (in Chuyen South- A4 Thien village, 57 0.145 33.5 66.4 0.15 east Chau Giang commune) Internal road that is far 650 meter South- A5 76 0.193 32.8 72.1 0.5 from the IZ port east northward Internal road that is far 120 meter South- A6 from Dong Doai 83 0.309 31.9 77.8 0.75 east cemetery northward T-junction South- A7 nearby PVC- 84 0.189 32.1 74.0 0.7 east ME1 Company 48 Noise Dust Tempe Humidit Wind Wind Location of Symbol (dBA) (mg/m3) rature y Direction Velocity Sample (oC) (%) (m/s) Limit 70 (*) 0.3(**) - Note: (*) QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on noise. (**)QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality. Comment: The monitoring result shows that the ambient air quality in Hoa Mac IZ is quite good, much lower than the permited standard. 2.3.2. Soil The monitoring result shows that the soil quality in the Project area on 10th December 2013 is shown in below table: 49 Table 2-16. Soil quality (10th December 2013) Result Parameter Methyl Total Pb Cd Ni Mn Cu P2O5 N K2O Fe Al 3+ pHkcl Parathion DDT Unit mg/kg % mg/100g ug/kg D1 0.8 0.4 0.07 42.17 14.21 0.06 1.22 1.04 139 0.55 0.002 ND 2.50 Sample D2 0.9 0.18 0.10 33.36 5.53 0.25 0.17 0.43 92.54 2.02 0.001 ND 2.34 symbol D3 0.99 0.28 0.13 51.53 8.26 0.44 0.15 0.92 121.3 0.54 0.002 ND 1.05 D4 0.71 0.11 0.124 40.5 13.7 0.19 0.11 0.64 189.7 1.07 0.001 ND 2.21 QCVN ND - - - - - - - - - - 0.01 0,01 15:2008/BTNMT QCVN 70 2 - 50 - - - - - - - - 03:2008/BTNMT TCVN 373:2004 - - 0.141 - - - - - - - - - - TCVN 7374:2004 - - - - - 1.05 - - - - - - - TCVN 7375:2004 - - - - - - - 1.05 - - - - - TCVN 7377:2004 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.18 50 Note: ND: Not detected D1: Soil position is far 150 meter from IZ’s entrance D2: Farm land position in IZ is far 25 meter from Giat Bridge D3: Farm land position in IZ is far 7 meter from internal road D4: Soil position on IZ is far 400 m Southward from Dong Doai cemetery QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the pesticide residuals in the soils. QCVN 03: 2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metal in the soils TCVN 7373:2004: Soils quality. Index values of total nitrogen content in the soil of Vietnam. TCVN 7374:2004: Soils quality Index values of total phosphorus content in the soil of Vietnam. TCVN 7375:2004: Soils quality Index values of total Potassium content in the soil of Vietnam TCVN 7377:2004: Soils quality – pH value index in the soil of Vietnam Comment: The soil quality analysis results show that concentration of heavy metals is in the limit ranges. Generally, soil quality in Hoa Mac IZ has not been polluted. The value and content of substances are suitable to the prescribed standards. 2.3.3. Groundwater environment The groundwater quality analysis result in the Project site on 10th December 2013 has been shown in detail in below table: Table 2-17. Results of groundwater quality Concentration QCVN No Parameter Unit NN1 NN2 09:2008/BTNMT 1 pH - 7.4 7.3 5.5 – 8.5 2 SS mg/l 517 518 1500 3 Hardness mg/l 336 345 500 4 COD mg/l 13 14 4 5 Ammonium mg/l 8.8 16.6 0.1 6 Nitrate mg/l 3.4 2.9 15 7 Nitrites mg/l 0.03 0.01 1.0 8 Fe mg/l 0.08 0.12 5.0 9 Pb mg/l ND ND 0.01 10 Mn mg/l 0.15 0.17 0.5 11 As mg/l ND ND 0.05 12 Hg mg/l ND ND 0.001 13 Cl- mg/l 158 153 250 14 Phenol mg/l ND ND 0.001 15 Coliform MPN/100ml 0 0 3 Note: QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on groundwater. 51 ND: Not detected. NN1: Groundwater at the wells of Nghiem Viet Cuong house, Dong vilage, Chau Giang commune, Duy Tien district, Hanam province (2013, July 01). NN2: Groundwater at the wells of Nghiem Viet Cuong house, Dong vilage, Chau Giang commune, Duy Tien district, Hanam province (2013, July 02). Comment: Above table shows that most of the surveyed indexes are in the allowed limit under the National Regulation QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT. 2 out of 15 indexes exceed the permissible limit, which are COD and Ammonium, in which COD is 10 times higher and Ammonium is 88-166 times higher. 2.3.4. Surface water The surface water quality analysis result on 10th December 2013 has been shown in detail in below table: 52 Table 2-18. Results of surface water Results QCVN No Parameter Unit 08:2008 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 (Column B1) o 1 Temperature C 30.5 30.6 30.8 30.4 30.6 30.3 30.6 30.4 29.5 - 2 pH - 7.62 7.35 7.23 7.73 7.42 7.28 7.58 7.88 7.62 5.5 – 9 3 TSS mg/l 11.5 16 12 6.5 21 28 15 28 15.8 50 4 Hardness mg/l 89.6 86.5 112.3 96.8 128.4 152.6 85.8 92.5 87.2 - Total 5 dissolved mg/l 101 94 136 100 196 185 118 105 89 - solid 6 PO43- mg/l 0.15 0.12 0.06 0.07 0.37 0.14 0.12 0.07 0.12 0.3 7 S2- mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - 8 SO42- mg/l 18.5 19.55 40.76 28.3 38.57 48.29 30.62 38.55 21.25 - 9 DO mg/l 5.12 4.63 6.05 5.14 6.21 6.35 5.88 6.41 5.85 ≥4 10 COD mg/l 3.26 8.0 22 17.01 21 24 25 16 2.86 30 11 BOD5 mg/l 1.67 3.8 12.6 6.38 10.2 12.8 10.0 4.2 1.55 15 12 As mg/l 0.002 0.0013 0.0014 0.0015 0.0028 0.0033 0.0021 0.0017 0.002 0.05 13 Cd mg/l 0.0002 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0002 0.01 14 Cu mg/l 0.003 0.004 0.005 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.005 <0.001 0.5 15 Pb mg/l 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.05 16 Cr mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.5 17 Hg mg/l 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0007 0.0006 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.001 18 Zn mg/l 0.562 0.608 0.624 0.529 0.616 0.513 0.481 0.586 0.465 1.5 19 Mn mg/l 0.029 0.024 0.021 0.026 0.028 0.041 0.027 0.038 0.018 - 20 Si mg/l 0.008 0.009 0.006 0.008 0.005 0.007 0.009 0.006 0.005 - 21 Se mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 - 22 Fe mg/l 0.256 0.083 0.205 0.165 0.420 0.478 0.324 0.224 0.068 1.5 23 NO3-_N mg/l 0.13 0.26 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.25 0.19 0.32 0.015 10 24 NO2-_N mg/l <0.01 <0.01 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.04 25 NH4+_N mg/l 0.017 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.086 2.563 2.393 0.942 0.008 0.5 53 Results QCVN No Parameter Unit 08:2008 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 (Column B1) 26 CN- mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.02 27 Phenol mg/l <0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 28 NaCl mg/l 15.97 19.52 15.97 19.52 298.20 15.97 14.20 15.97 13.86 600 29 F- mg/l 0.19 0.13 0.22 0.10 0.23 0.51 0.31 0.81 0.08 1.5 30 E.Coli MPN/100ml 13 9 43 39 95 43 75 39 8 100 31 Coliform 230 110 430 290 140 430 150 210 120 7500 Note: QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water M1: Ditch nearby sewer of Hoa Mac M2: Open ditch in IZ M3: At the end of IZ (Chuyen Thien village) M4: Pond’s water nearby IZ M5: Water of M6: Water of Giat River at Lat Ha vilage, Trac Van commune M7: Water of Giat River at position nearby IZ M8: Water at internal farm-ditch nearby intersection D2N3 M9: Water of Chau Giang river at section of Giat River flowing into Comment: The above result shows that the surface water quality surrounding the project area is quite good. The analyzed indexes are lower than required ones under the National Regulation QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT 54 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 3.1. CRITERIA FOR SELECTING ALTERNATIVES The alternatives must secure the efficiency of wastewater treatment under the Regulation 40:2011/BTNMT, Column A. Selection of alternatives must be in the principle of reasonable investment and low operating costs. Locations of the discharging outlet must meet the drainage demands of the CETP and minimize impacts on the environment and life of local people surrounding the outlet. Hazardous sludge from the CETP must be treated correctly under the procedure on HW treatment to prevent from negative impacts. 3.2. WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY After consulting the experts in WW treatment, analysis of influent, Hoa Mac IZ Management Board (IZMB) decides to select feasible Aerotank Technology as the alternative of SBR-based Effluent Treatment Technology presented in Item 1.5.2.2, this Report. 3.2.1. Aerotank (AAO) Technology is described as follows: AAO technology-based effluent treatment procedure of the Plant consists of 02 below steps: Figure 3-1. Diagram of WW treatment technology by biological method - Step 1: Mechanical treatment Receiving compartment functions to distribute WW to the plant and partly separate raw residues. Sand sedimentation tank is to remove most of sand and dirts with relatively large size from the effluent meanwhile organic SS are not settled here. Water flow and speed are revised suitably as being distributed to sand sedimentation tank via gate. Sand sedimentation tank is small in size and located in the highest position compared to the other tanks to use the gravity method for automatically flowing. Sand at the tank bottom is discharged to the sludge compressor tank via submersible pump placed in the tank. Water from sand sedimentation tank self flows to equalization tank. 55 Equalization tank is aimed at stablizing the flow and concentrations of pollutants in WW. The tank bottom is arranged with system of gas distribution plates to mix and stir WW equally in all points and to supply a part of oxygen to treat a portion of organic pollutants. Then, WW is collected to the pump pits before pumping to the primary sedimentation tank Primary sedimentation tank is designed vertically with beeding layer to increase efficiency and reduce volume of construction. Tank bottom is sloped 60o to direct the sludge remover toward the ditch. WW is led from the central pipes in the mid-tank with small speed to separate about 50 % of SS. Meanwhile, BOD levels will drop 20-30 %. The effluent is collected from the pipelines surrounding the internal the rim of the tank. The water is collected from the water trough around. The sludge collected at the bottom of the tank is discharged to the sludge compressor tank by hydrostatic pressure. The next stage is to combine biological treatment methods to thoroughly treat the rest organic inorganic and toxic contaminants. Then, ww is led to complex AAO system. - Step 2: Bio-treatmnet based- AAO technology (Anarobic, Anoxic, Oxic) System of AAO treatment equipment has special structure. The specialized microorganic buffer layer inside the equipment to clearly increase efficiency in treatment and to reduce tank volume compared with conventional methods. The anaerobic, anoxic and oxic processes happen at the same time here, as follows: Anaerobic compartment has no oxygen and nitrate composition. It is mainly to remove phosphorus and hydrocarbon components . Anoxic compartment has no oxygen composition but plenty of nitrite and nitrate, especially significant input of nitrate. The biological method is mainly used to remove nitrogen, nitrogen compounds are released into the environment in the form of nitrogen gas. Oxic compartment: Air is supplied by aeration machine. In this compartment, possible oxidizing substances are used to complete entire bio-chemical process meanwhile nitrogen and ammonia are converted to nitrate by the process of nitrogenizing via microorganisms Nitrifers and BOD elimination by microorganisms Carbonuos Anaerobic compartment: A majority of dissolved and suspended organic matters are destructed by anaerobic microorganisms to form humus decomposition and gas. Complex aeroten compartment: Treats BOD, nitrogenizing and pre-nitrogenizing at the same time, organic matters and some inorganic substances will be decomposed to form microbial biomass, which is known as biological cotton, then water is led to a secondary sedimentation tank to separate biological cotton and clear water is led out. Secondary sedimentation tanks: is designed vertically with the system of bottom sediment discharge. A part of the sediments are pumped to the bio-tank to remain biomass concentration in the tank. A part of the residues is discharged to the sludge compressor tank to dewater and landfill. Sludge treatment: The sludge, sediments in sedimentation compartment and each bio- treatment compartment are pumped to return a part of activated sludge in biological equipment to ensure the processing concentration. The residue is pumped to the sludge compressor compartment where water is separated and returned to the equalization tank for preliminary treatment. Sludge is compressed in term of volume and pipelined to the designated place and periodically treated. 56 Disinfection: To ensure the quality of treated effluent in line with the standards in terms of mechanical, physical aspects and microorganism, WW must be disinfected by chlorine to comprehensively treat pollutants and harmful bacteria effluent is checked in term of quality. 3.2.2. Comparison among treatment technologies Table 3-1. Comparision of applied treatment technologies Comparison SBR Technology Aerotank Technology criteria SBR – Sequence Batch Reactor is It is operated continuously with 02 operated with playing role of bio-tank separate bio-tank and sedimentation Hydraulic also as sedimentation tank. The number tank. mechanism of daily treated batches is adjusted It is always operated in one based on the flow and concentration of mechanism regardless whether influent. influent is significant or not. Potential Because it is operated in batches so it is It is possible to apply to IZs’ CETP. application to very suitable to IZs’ CETP (because in However, due to continual the IZ’s CETP IZs, WW led to the CETP is often operation, power consumption is varied in terms of flow and uneconomic and problem often concentration). happens due to changed influent. Due to the form of batch operation With continuous, unchanged with each batch mechanism is: water aeration mode, the microorganisms feeding, reaction (aeration), will not be motivated to compete sedimentation and drainage. In and combine with each other. In maximal sedimentation time, 1 hour, addition, current design standards of this is complicated hydraulic condition biological sedimentation tank, water with different, continuously changed storage time is in the range of 3-5 states, requiring micro-organisms to hours (it is noted that it is impossible find ways to adapt or be removed. The to reduce the storage time of the mechanism of choice is natural sedimentation tank because it is for selection and the struggle for existence sludge storage). With such a long and survival, microorganisms will storage time, the weak or sick Microorganism compete and combine with each other microorganisms will be eligible to to become bigger, stronger and heavier, be settled down, resulting in when they will be settled faster and shockage of microorganisms in will not be swept by the effluent in Aerotank and the restoration time is discharging phase. Old, weak or sick longer than SBR technology microorganisms shall be eliminated due to their insufficient time for sediment. With a healthy microorganism, SBR technology has a lot of advantages in operation such as high shock resistance, fast recovery capability 57 Ability of nitrogen treatment is one of Due to the anoxic tank volume is the prominent advantages of SBR fixed so adjusting treatment technology in addition to its effective efficiency under input nitrogen level Nitrogen treatment (the performance may reach is very limited and complicated. treatment up 97%), SBR can adjust nitrogen treatment efficiency quickly by adjusting aeration and stirring time in each batch Activated sludge is saved after each Entire sediment activated sludge is batch so they are treated in maximal pumped straightly to the sludge Sludge level. The total volume of sludge to the compressor tank, then to the sludge treatment sludge compressor is insignificant. compressor. Therefore entire sludge is very large. Due to the batch operation, SBR is Whether WW flow or content is very flexible in adjusting the running lower than the design ones, we still mode. When WW flow or content is have to operate the system lower than the design ones ((This is continously (because the water level characteristic of CETP), we may in Aerotank is fixed and WW self Flexible operate it with fewer batch or reduce flows to the biological operation the time of a batch to save power and sedimentation tank so we have to do facilitate maintenance. continuous aeration in 24/24). Therefore, it is impossible to save power if input WW is lower than the design parameters. Due to strong microbial system, SBR is It is inflexible because the tank is Problem able to prevent from shockage and operated continuously so when an solving capacity restore higher than Aerotank incident occurs, we must stop the technology’s. system for check and repair. Due to the ability to adjust the running The air blowers must be operated mode on basis of the input WW continuously regardless whether the parameters, SBR’s power consumption flow or content of input WW is is varied subject to the input WW lower than the design ones. Power parameters and it is often lower than Therefore, it is so hard to save consumption Aerotank’s. In specific survey at energy and power consumption expense Amata IZ’s CETP, in the middle of expense will be higher than SBR’s. Phase 3 (Aerotank) and Phase 4 (SBR), the power consumption of Phase 4 is 21.7% lower than Phase 3’s in the same operation condition SBR plays both the role of reaction Large land use Land use tank and sedimentation tank so the land Due to including reaction tank and demand use is usually 5-10% lower than sedimentation tank Aerotank’s 58 Conclusions: The above mentioned table shows that SBR technology is more prominent than Aerotank in all aspects. Therefore, application of SBR technology toWW treatment is entirely suitable to the conditions of Hoa Mac IZ. SBR technology is the most prominent technology among Investor's choices 3.3. DISCHARGE LOCATION After being treated in bio-pond, WW shall be discharged to the artificial open ditch before draining Giat River via F600 culvert of which the bottom culvert segment is +2.5m. The ditch is 1500 m long and 7 m wide. 1 culvert is placed in the ending point of the ditch to automatic flow WW to Giat River. With this option, WW is regulated in both effluent flow and quality before discharging to the receiving source. Therefore, the Investor only selects the unique location of the discharging plan (Figure 3.4). Figure 3-2. Location of outlet from bio-pond to open ditch in IZ 59 Figure 3-3. Location of outlet from open ditch to Giat River 60 Figure 3-4. Outlet location 61 3.4. SLUDGE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY If sludge generated by IZ’s CETP is considered as HW, there are two treatment alternatives to be selected: burning and hardened ws –based concrete producing method. Advantages and disadvantages of the 02 above mentioned ws treatment plans are shown in below Table 3.2: Table 3-2. Analysis of Sludge Treatment Technology Alternative Plan 1 Plan 2 Hardened mixed sludge producing Incineration concrete Advantages - Simple. - Simple. - Creation of surplus value when - Suitable to actual conditions in producing concrete. Vietnam because about 24 - In line with the geographical conditions incinerators in the country are for Hoa Mac IZ (because the 2 localities used for disposal of HW. nearby Ha Nam province are Hung Yen - Easy operation and maintenance. province and Hanoi where the companies - Reasonable Investment cost. specialized on HW treatment are available). - Safety for the environment. - Elimination of emissions of air and water pollutants. Disadvantages - Require some additives such as sand, - Generating WW, waste gas, stone, cement to produce concrete especially dioxins and furans (if sludge contains organic chlorine compounds). To remove them, activated carbons for adsorption must be used Although incineration method is quite popular but hardened mixed sludge producing concrete method has so many advantages so the Investor shall select hardened mixed sludge producing concrete method to ensure that the treated sludge meets the current standards and reduces emissions of pollutants at the same time. Sludge treatment technology of Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP is presented in Section 1.5.3. This dewatered sludge in the form of a cake will be transported and treated by Urban Environment Company No. 11 – URENCO 11 with hardened mixed sludge producing concrete technology. URENCO 11’s HW treatment technology was approved by Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA) – the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) with the HW Management License No. QLCTNH: 1-2-3-4-5.022.VX (the 2nd issue) (the documents are attached in appendixes). 62 It is recognized as the suitable method to the existing conditions of the IZ and URENCO 11’s competence on licensed HW treatment under Vietnamese laws so the Investor has no alternative for the WS Treatment Company. URENCO 11’s technology of hardened mixed sludge producing concrete is as follows: - Sludge is transported from the sludge warehouse of Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP and dumped in the concrete yard of Solidification Station. It is noted to dump sludge in the intermediate treatment chamber in separate storage areas. It is prohibited to dump it with other waste types. - Site preparation: The site is ready for dump of sludge, then solidified waste which are poured from inside to outside and in suitable slope to facilitate the trucks to dump the mixture after mixing outside. - Waste sludge mixture is transported and fed into the mixer in the mixing ratio as follows: Waste: coarse sand: 1x2 Stones: Cement: Lime = 1m3: 0.3m3: 0.5m3: 250kg: 50kg - After supply of waste sludge and additives for mixing in the mixer, the driver shall transport and catch them under the outlet of the mixer. -Waste sludge after stablly mixing in 5 minutes is discharged to three-wheeled vehicles to transport to the intermediate treatment area for storage of solidified waste. Solidified sludge mixture is buried under current regulations and laws in Vietnam. Transportation route is as follows: 63 Figure 3-5. Diagram of sludge transport route 64 Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP NH 38 Yen Lenh Bridge Chu Manh Trinh Road turn to Nguyen Van Linh Road (Hung Yen City) NH 39 Kim Dong District Khoai Chau District Yen My District My Hao District Provincial Road 281 URENCO 11 (Dai Dong Commune, Van Lam District, Hung Yen Province). Description of the transportation route: The transportation route distance from Hoa Mac IZ to URENCO 11 is about 65 km. It is the shortest route. Details on the route are as follows: The vehicles shall transport WS from Hoa Mac IZ along NH38 via Yen Lenh Bridge toward Hung Yen City. The trucks pass Chu Manh Trinh Road to turn to Nguyen Van Linh Road in Hung Yen City. Then, follow NH39 to pass Kim Dong District, Khoai Chau District, Yen My District in Hung Yen Province. As passing NH5, it passes My Hao District of Hung Yen Province to the Provincial Road 281 on Van Lam District, Hung Yen Province. Entire route is covered with asphalt. The pavement is wide and traffic is favorable. Therefore, it is secured to minimize potential risks on roads, especially traffic accidents. However, the route passes some central areas in Hung Yen City (Chu Manh Trinh Road and Nguyen Van Linh Road) and other residential areas namely the central area of Khoai Chau District and Yen My District. The road section is quite short, about 12 km. The rest road sections and two road sections are mainly rice fields of local people. Finally, the trucks from the Provincial Road 281 turn to URENCO 11’s premise at Dai Dong Commune, Van Lam District, Hung Yen Province. The road section connecting the Provincial Road 281 and URENCO 11’s premise is soil path in length of 500 m and width of 5-6 m, which are surrounded by rice fields of local people. The above analysis shows that it is the most optimal route to minimize risks of traffic accidents and negative impacts on the local people. 65 CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 4.1. SOURCE, OBJECTS AND AFFECTED SCALE The investment in building CETP with capacity of 1500 m3/day is appropriate to policy of socio-economic development and environmental protection that is to contribute to solve environmental issues in IZ. In addition positive impacts, however, it may be caused negative impacts to environment, economy, and societyduring the construction and operation process if there were not mitigation measures and appropriate treatment. The impacts of this project are mainly generated in two stages: - Construction phase; - Operation phase. 4.1.1. Construction phase 4.1.1.1. Impact sources related wastes The impacts of the construction phase of CETP are mostly negligible because this small building separated from the residential area. The main impacts are listed in the below table: Table 4-1. Sources of impact related to wastes in the construction phase Affected No Field Impact source Description Evaluation subjects 1 Landscape Storage of Lack of management Local aesthetics Short-term, construction of material small-scale, materials exploitation , insignificant formation of open landfills However, impacts are insignificant because CETP is separated from surrounding area by shielding barriers. Construction Construction Local aesthetics Short-term, activities activities cause dusts small-scale, that affect on vision. insignificant Similarly, small mass of construction and CETP isolated from residential area, these impacts are not significant. 2 Noise and The noise level is in Worker vibration from threshold because of Short-term, mining, leveling construction area Pollution of small-scale, by construction isolated from air and noise insignificant machinery and residential area. transport Dusts from Dusts are generated Worker Short-term, 66 Affected No Field Impact source Description Evaluation subjects construction, from exploitation small-scale, leveling and materials. However, insignificant storage of this small building, mining and exploitation construction materials are not materials significant. Air pollution Mainly pollutants are Worker , air Short-term, from dust, SO2, NOx, environment small-scale, construction and CO2. This impact is insignificant material also negligible. transport 3 Surface water Wastewater from Domestic wastewater Surface water Low, sort- living activities can be generated by term and of labors activities of workers can be in the construction minimized phase. Thus, wastewater contains amount of nutrition, organic substances and coliform. Runoff water Mainly component is Surface water Low, sort- SS, oil of hazardous term and wastes generated by can be improper minimized management. 4 Underground Exploiting Underground water Underground Low, sort- water activities can be polluted if water term and underground can be operations are minimized necessary for construction. 5 Solid wastes Solid wastes Wastes include food, Local Low, sort- from labor polymer bag, wood, aesthetics, term and activities metal, glass, etc… worker, local can be In addition, there is residents minimized leachate, odor and favorable environment for insects and disease vectors. Construction Construction wastes Local Low, sort- wastes are cement, bricks, aesthetics, term and sand, stone, wood, worker, local can be scrap metal, and residents minimized other spilt materials. Hazardous They are containers Soil, surface Low, sort- 67 Affected No Field Impact source Description Evaluation subjects wastes of oil, gasoline, water quality term and grease and solvents. can be However, it is minimized expected that amount of these wastes are very small. 6 Traffic safety Increasing traffic Impact is negligible Transportation Low, sort- jam from because they are in term and increasing industrial parks. can be transportation minimized trips 7 Occupational Lack of safety Incident or accident Worker Low, sort- safety equipments occurs in the absence term and of safety equipment can be and lack of upper minimized management in the construction sector. 8 Living labors Construction site is Local residents Low, sort- activities away from term and residential areas. can be The number of minimized workers here is just not much for small- scale construction of CETP. 9 Ecology and IP has no evaluation Ecology, Low, sort- landscape of ecology and biodiversity term and landscape. can be minimized 4.1.1.2. Impacts sources unrelated to wastes The impacts unrelated to wastes in the construction phase are generally very small, negligible because construction area is far from resident. The impacts are listed as below table: Table 4-2. Impacts unrelated to wastes in the construction phase No Impact sources Affected subjects Affected scale 1 Noise, vibration in the Workers, local residents Low, short-term and construction phase and can be minimized equipment installation 2 Pollution of residual heat Workers, local residents Low, short-term and can be minimized 3 Local flood Surface water, Low, sort-term and Underground water, can be minimized Landscape. 4 Fire incidents, accidents in the Workers Low, sort-term and 68 No Impact sources Affected subjects Affected scale construction process can be minimized 5 Social evils caused by workers Workers, local residents Low, sort-term and from other place who may have can be minimized conflicts with local residents 6 Traffic safety by increasing the Workers, local residents Low, sort-term and number of vehicles transporting can be minimized construction materials, machinery and equipment in the project area 7 The ability to spread infectious Workers, local residents Low, sort-term and diseases can be minimized 4.1.2. Operation phase CETP is far from residential areas, therefore, impacts in the operation phase don’t affect the surrounding residential areas. The main impacts are listed in the below table: 4.1.2.1. Impact sources related to wastes Table 4-3. Impact sources related to wastes, object and affected scale Impact Affected No Field Description Affected scale sources objects 1 WW tank Odor from WW Workers, local Average, Odor and air Air pollution from the residents significant, can pollution anaerobic tank, especially be minimized greenhouse gas Microorganisms and bacteria in the air Smell from oil, gases, and grease 2 Noise and Movement of It’s caused by starting Public areas, Low, vibration vehicles and activities and movement of nearby significant, can machines vehicles, far from resident industries be minimized area 3 Water WW It contains high Surface water Average, can pollution concentration of SS, COD, be minimized nutrient, waste metal, toxic chemicals, and pathogens Leakage of It contains high Surface water Low to WW concentration of SS, COD, average, can nutrient, and pathogens be minimized Rainwater Its component has SS, Surface water Low to grease, pathogens average, can be minimized WW WW of workers Surface water Low to average, can be minimized 4 Solid waste Wastes Solid wastes from multiple Workers Low to 69 Impact Affected No Field Description Affected scale sources objects stages average, can be minimized Sludge Sludge will be treated and Community Average, can disposed properly be minimized depending on its quality Domestic Solid wastes will be Soil, surface Low, can be solid wastes collected for transport to water minimized landfill Hazardous Grease, scum floating Soil Average, can wastes compounds from water tank be minimized 4.1.2.2. Impact sources unrelated to waste Table 4-4. Impact sources unrelated to waste, object, affected scale TT Impact source Affected objects Affected scale 1 Noise, vibration from WW pumps, agitator, Operational staffs Low, long-term, air blower can be minimized 2 Residual heat from machinery activities in Operational staffs Low, long-term, CETP can be minimized 3 Surface water Low, long-term, Sedimentation of water in Giat river area can be minimized 4.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) 4.2.1. Construction phase 4.2.1.1. Impacts on air environment The activities in construction and installation phase of the Project cause impacts on the air environment, which is shown in below table: Table 4-5. Impacts on Air Environment during Construction Phase No. Activities Pollutants 1 Site clearance Dusts created by site clearance and construction of the Project 2 Transportation, loading, storage of Arising dusts from the process of transportation, materials loading of materials Dust, gas created in the process of storage, stockpile of fuels and materials. 3 Material transportation means Spilled materials and fuels (sand, rocks, cements, oil and gas, paint) Coal dust and gases SO2, NO2, CO, THC created by exhaust fumes of means of transportation of sand, stones, bricks, cement, steel, equipment, fuel, etc, exhaust fumes from the machinery and equipment for construction (concrete mixers, crane trucks) Noise, vibrations created by means of 70 No. Activities Pollutants transportation 4 Cutting, welding and assembly of Thermal radiation from the construction process equipment with heating works and welding fumes (such as the cutting, steel welding, cutting, welding for assembly) The agents cause impacts on the environment and workers’health. Among them, impacts caused by dust, gas emissions from means of transportation and noise are main impacts in the construction phase, which are assessed in details as follows: (1). Impacts of site clearance The selected site for construction of the Project is relatively flat. Total area of the ETP, Phase 1 is 1,400 m2. Therefore, the quantity of site clearance is insignificant. Therefore, impacts of the site clearance on the air environment are little. (2). Impacts of dusts created by means of transportation of materials, equipment Table 4-6. Pollution coefficient for truck with capacity of 3.6-10 ton No Parameter Value (Kg/1000km) 1 Dust 0,9 2 SO2 2,075S 3 NOx 14,4 4 CO 2,9 5 THC 0,8 Source: WHO, Rapit Environment Assessment, 1993 Note: S is sulfur content in Do oil (%) Impacts of dusts on the human beings and animals depend on their chemical physical characteristics. They may cause irritation and respiratory diseases, eye problem, skin diseases, etc in certain levels namely asthma, allergic inflammation, chronic lung diseases. Studies show that particles with a size of 5-10 µm shall be retained in trachea and bronchi. The particles in size of 0.5 µm may cause impact on the lung. Silic particles in the sand may cause great impacts, even Sarcoidosis if exposing to this dust for a long time. Due to objective factors such as traffic density so the road users and inhabitants in the Project site shall be the objects who are directly impacted by the construction phase. However, it takes 6 months for construction phase so these impacts are short-term. The means of transportation of materials and devices has created dust and pollutants, such as COx, NOx, SOx, THC, etc. This kind of polluting source is scattered, difficultly controlled, directly impacting the local people along the road sides. However, the impact scope is insignificant because the number of local people along the road sides are small (3). Impacts caused by cutting, welding, painting and metal coating operations During the construction phase of the ETP, such operations as cutting, welding, painting and metal spraying may happen regularly. The equipment namely welding sticks, welding gas and accessories (steel, iron, etc) are used to cause adverse impacts on the environment. 71 Table 4-7. Ratio of pollutants during welding process (mg/1 welding rod) Diameter of welding rod, mm No Pollutants 2.5 3.25 4.0 5.0 6.0 1 Welding smoke (containing 285 508 706 1,100 1,578 many pollutants) 2 CO 10 15 25 35 50 3 NOx 12 20 30 45 70 (Source: National Institute of Labour Protection) Toxic emissions, welding gas created during the cutting and welding phases may cause impacts on the ambient air quality and the workers’ health. Most of such toxic gases contain heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Hg, Cr, highly toxicity and sustainability. In addition, the used accessories during the process of painting, coating metal particles, chemicals, paints, solvents, etc to create paint gas, paint dust, sand dust, metal rust, and chemical substances also cause negative impacts on the surrounding air environment and workers. Due to impacts from the processes of welding, cutting, painting, metal coating happening mainly in the construction phase, the Investor shall apply Adverse Impact Mitigation Measures such as the arrangement of the specific painting, coating areas where less people pass and the workers must be provided with sufficient protection facilities. (4). Impacts created by residence and living operations of the workers on site A number of employees working on site are about 20 people. The daily living activities of workers impact the air quality due to the following reasons: - Bad odor (NH3, H2S, mercaptan HS-R) generated from domestic WW; - The gas generated by the decomposition of organic waste; - The odor generated by septic tank and organic waste. Generally, impacts on the air quality due to daily living activities of workers are insignificant and short-time. (5). Impacts created by noises in construction activities. The construction activities in the Project cause noise, including: For the project, have the potential to cause noise include: - Project site clearance; - Means of material transportation; - Use of machinery during construction and installation of equipment for the CETP; - Landscape and site clean-up 72 Table 4-8. Noise intensity of some equipment Equipment The noise The noise The noise The noise level from level from level from level from (dBA) 20m (dBA) 50m (dBA) 100m (dBA) Bulldozer 93 70.5 62.5 56.5 Roller 72.0 - 74.0 49.5 – 51.5 41.5 – 43.5 35.5 – 37.5 Excavator using front spoon 72.0 - 84 49.5 - 61.5 41.5 - 53.5 35.5 - 47.5 scurf Bucket scooping land 72.0 - 93 49.5 – 70.5 41.5 – 62.5 35.5 – 56.5 Rickshaw 77.0 - 96 54.5 - 73.5 46.5 - 65.5 40.5 - 59.5 Leveling machine 80.0 - 93 57.5 – 70.5 49.5 – 62.5 43.5 – 56.5 Paving the way machine 87.0 – 88.5 64.5 - 66.0 56.5 - 58.0 50.5 - 52 Truck 82.0 - 94 52.5 – 65.5 44.5 – 57.5 38.5 – 51.5 Concrete mixer 75.0 – 88.0 57.5 - 60.5 49.5 - 52.5 43.5 - 46.5 Concrete pile driver 80.0 - 83 57.5 – 60.5 49.5 – 52.5 43.5 – 46.5 Machine of concrete beams 85.0 62.5 54.5 48.5 Generator 72.0 – 82.0 49.5 – 60.0 41.5 – 52.0 35.5 - 46 TCVN 5949:1998 (6h – 18h) 60 dBA (Source: National Institute of Labour Protection) The ability to spread the noise of the construction site to the surrounding area is determined as follows: Li = Lp - ∆Ld - ∆Lc (dBA) Of which: - Li: The noise level at the calculation time from the noise source at the distance d (m) - Lp: The noise level measured at the noise source (from 1.5 m) - ∆Ld: The noise levels decrease according to the distance d at frequency i ∆Ld = 20 lg[(r2/r1)1+a] (dBA) r1: Distance to the noise source with the Lp (m) r2: Distance calculating the noise level reduction according to the distance correlative with Li (m) a: Coefficient including the effect of noise absorbing of the surface topography (a = 0) ∆Lc:: The noise level reduction over obstacles. Getting ∆Lc at the project area = 0 From the above formula, we can calculate the noise levels of construction equipment to the surroundings Noise and vibration often cause a direct effect in the human auditory system. Their effects are at different levels: causing fatigue, headache, neurological disorders, .... According to the calculations in the table above, the noise only affects in a narrow range of 200m radius, therefore the objects bearing the greatest impact is the construction workers. However, the level of impact is small, only causing fatigue when working continuously about 12 hours per day 73 NOISE EARS NERVOUS SYSTEM ORGAN OF BODY VISUAL DIGESTIVE CIRCULATORY KINETIC RESPIRATORY PERCEPTION SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM Increasing Reducing ability to Causing Increasing heart Making muscles tired, respiratory distinguish colors, gastritis, rate, causing causing slow reflexes rate reducing the gastric circulatory vestibular disorders visibility reduction system disorders Figure 4-1. The impact of noise on people (6). Impact assessment of air pollutants: Exhausted pollutants in the construction phase may go inside the human’s body and cause some symptoms listed in below table: Table 4-9. Impacts of Air Pollutants No. Parameters Impacts on human beings 1 Dust - To stimulate respiratory, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer; - To cause Injury to the skin, cornea, diseases of gastrointestinal tract. 2 Acid gas (SOx, - To cause impact on the respiratory system, to be dispersed to the NOx). blood; - SO2 may cause poinson through skin and reduce alkaline reserve in blood; - To make acid rain, to adversely affect the growth of vegetation and crops; - To enhance the metal corrosion, concrete material degradation and buildings; - To cause adverse impacts on climate, ecosystems and the ozone layer. 74 No. Parameters Impacts on human beings 3 Oxyt carbon - To reduce oxygen transport of the blood to cells in the impacts of (CO) CO in association with Hemoglobin to constitute CO-hemoglobin carboxyl 4 Carbonic gas - To cause pulmonary respiratory disorders (CO2) - To cause the greenhouse effect; - To cause impacts on the ecosystem. 5 Hydrocarbons - To cause acute poisoning: weakness, dizziness, headache, sensory disturbances, sometimes fatal. 4.2.1.2. Impacts on the water environment Water environment pollutants in the construction phase consist of: - WW from construction; - Domestic WW of workers; - WW created by cleaning and maintaining machinery; - Rainwater runoff the construction site rolls dusts, soil, sand, rocks, materials namely cements, petrol and gas, paint, etc scrattered to cause impacts on water quality; (1). Impacts of domestic WW of workers Main impacts on the water quality during the construction phase of the Project are domestic WW of workers. Main contents of the pollutants in the domestic WW are waste matter, suspended solid (SS), organic compounds (BOD/COD), nutrients (N, P) and pathogenic organisms (Coliform, E.Coli). Domestic WW contains biodegradable organic substances, residues, nutrients and microorganisms to cause contamination of surface water and groundwater if they are not treated. Domestic WW of workers is 120 – 150 l/person/day in average. Total domestic ww of workers on site in the highest point, with 20 employees, is 2400 - 3000 liters, equal to 2.4 to 3.0 m3/ day and night. Table 4-10. Forecast the pollution load in waste water of labors (estimated volume of 20 person) Volume calculated by No. Parameter Unit Total volume (Kg) WHO 1 BOD g/person/day 45 - 54 0,9 – 1.08 2 COD g/person/day 85 - 102 1,7 – 2,04 3 1,4 – 2,9 Suspended Solid g/person/day 70-145 4 N-T g/person/day 6 - 12 0,12 – 0,24 N- NH4 g/person/day 3,6 – 7,2 0,072 – 0,14 5 P-T g/person/day 0,6 – 4,5 0,012 – 0,09 6 Total bacterias MPN/100ml 109 - 1010 - 7 Coliform MPN/100ml 106 - 109 - 8 Fecal Stemorela MPN/100ml 105- 109 - 9 Worm eggs - 103 - 10 - 102 - 104 - Virus 75 (Source: WHO) If the number of workers increases, the total amount of pollution (KLON) was calculated using the formula: Total KLON (Kg) = KLON (g/person/day) × number of employees (people) Construction workers are mostly from other localities, so all personal living activities such as eating, bathing, ... are in place so even though the flow of wastewater is small but if we cannot collect to treat, this will affect much on the environment landscape. (2). Impacts of WW from cleaning and maintaining machinery The process of sanitation, maintenance of machinery and equipment in the construction site will generate a large amount of organic matters, oil and SS. Flow and volume of pollutants in each step are shown in below table: Table 4-11. Flow and Volume of Pollutants Created from Machinery & Equipment Cleaning and Maintaining Phase on Site Volume of Pollutants (mg/l) Flow rate Generation process Oil and (m3/day) COD SS grease Machinery maintenance 20 – 30 – 50 – 80 1 Machinery cleaning 50 – 80 1.0 – 2.0 150 – 200 QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, Column A 75 5 50 Source: Generalized ENTEC, 2012. WW flow rate generated from this phase is insignificant and pollutants such as COD, SS, oil do not exceed the standard specified in the Regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, Column A (3). Impacts on groundwater quality In general, the construction phase does not cause much impacts on groundwater resource. However, the construction phase can pollute groundwater. Fuel compositions (gasoline, oil, organic solvents, etc) can be leaked out from means of transportation and equipment used, stored on site, which are swept by rainwater to rivers to penetrate into the soil as the groundwater pollutant in the Project site. In addition, leaked water in the process of concrete mixing, bored piles, cleaning machinery and equipment may pollute groundwater (4). Impacts of rainwater running off According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the concentration of pollutants in rainwater running off has the typically range from 0.5 to 1.5 mg N/l, from 0.004 to 0.03 mg P/l; 10-12 mg COD/l and 10-20 mg TSS/l. Rainfall water running off is relatively clean, if flowing through the construction area, it will entail soil, sand, packages, etc… it will increase the SS contents. If there is any trash rack to separte trash before flowing to the discharging sources, its influence on water quality will be not significant. Calculating the flow of rain water: - The total project layout area is 1394 m2, - The largest daily rainfall (mm/day): 9.32 mm/day 76 → The amount of rainwater running off (max) with the assumption that 100% of rainfall is involved in the running off process: 1349 (m2) x 9.32 (mm / day) x 10-3 = 12.99 m3 With flow as calculated above, the rain water running off can cause the local flooding for the area surrounding the project. However, the level and scope of impact is low. (5). Impacts of construction wastewater Construction of wastewater has pollutant concentrations of BOD, COD and suspended solids are many times greater than QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, if the waste water is discharged directly to the discharging source and this will cause local sediment and pollution. Therefore, this wastewater must be treated by sedimentation method before discharging to the flow sources, which will significantly limit the impact. Table 4-12. Pollutant concentration in wastewater of construction phase No. Parameter Unit Construction QCVN wastewater 40:2011/BTNMT Column B 1 pH - 6.99 5.5 - 9 2 Suspended solid mg/l 663.0 100 3 COD mg/l 640.9 100 4 BOD5 mg/l 429.26 50 5 NH4+ mg/l 9.6 10 6 Total N mg/l 49.27 30 7 Total P mg/l 4.25 6 8 Fe mg/l 0.72 5 9 Zn mg/l 0.004 3 10 Pb mg/l 0.055 0.5 11 As mg/l 0.305 0.1 12 Oil mg/l 0.02 5 13 Coliform MPN/100ml 53x104 5000 (Source: Center of Urban and Industrial Environmental Engineering) QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater, column B. 4.2.1.3. Impacts on soil resource – environment Due to domestic WW of workers, construction wastes, oil and grease caused by equipment and machinery on site, in the construction phase, wastes and WW are generated by worker activities from temporary camps. The redundant or leaked wastes during the construction phase, oil and grease from cars, trucks, construction machinery, etc are not well collected and managed that may infect the soil environment significantly. 4.2.1.4. Impacts of solid wastes Solid wastes during construction of this project are divided into two types as domestic wastes and construction solid wastes. - Domestic waste: Average volume of domestic waste calculated for a person per day: 0.5 kg/person/day × 20 people = 10 kg/day, mainly organic substances from the left food, plastic bags, cardboard. 77 - Construction waste: Mainly construction material spilled or damaged packages of materials, machinery. Due to the construction nature of just using some simple materials such as cement, steel, bricks, stones, the construction waste volume is small, estimated to average of about 20-30 kg/day. This waste can be reused. → The total amount of waste (domestic and construction): 30-40 (kg/day). - Hazardous solid waste: Lubricants of construction equipment, oiled mops and gloves, broken bulbs, adhesive waste, other chemical containers ..., estimated about 3-5 kg /day. Solid waste and hazardous waste if not being collected will cause unsanitary, impact on landscape and health of construction workers. 4.2.1.5. Impacts on social – economic aspects (1). Advantaged impacts The construction phase of the Project may bring advantaged impacts to the locality’s economic and social aspects as follows: - To create employment for local people; - To increase workers’ income; - To stimulate development of some types of food services, living and other entertainment activities to facilitate living demands of workers in the Project site. (2). Adverse impacts Gathering the workforce (about 20 workers per day) during the construction period may cause adverse impacts on the social order and security in the region; An increasing number of vehicles getting in and out the site may cause heavy traffic, leading to higher risks of traffic accidents therein. Therefore, the Investor has to pay more attentions on machinery, vehicles, and engineering equipment scientifically and control traffic safety to minimize adverse impacts on the environment and socio economic aspects. 4.2.1.6. Synthetic EIA caused by Construction Phase Table 4-13. Generalized Table of Impacts in Construction Phase Operations of the Project Environment Site clearance Material Construction of elements Workers Transportation Work Items Air environment *** *** ** ** Surface water 0 0 * ** environment Groundwater 0 0 * * environment Biological 0 0 0 0 diversification Landscape * * * * Agricultural land 0 0 0 0 Living land 0 0 0 0 78 Operations of the Project Environment Site clearance Material Construction of elements Workers Transportation Work Items Traffic * *** 0 0 Employment ** * ** ** The community’s health in the project * * * * site Social evils, contagious * * * ** diseases Historical relics 0 0 0 0 Note: High impacts: *** Mean impacts: ** Low impacts: * No Impact or insignificant impacts: 0 Conclusion: Above analysis shows that the impacts of construction phase on the surrounding environment and landscape are insignificant, narrow and short-term. The largest impacts in this phase are traffic safety control and local people along the two road sides due to material transportation, dust emissions. 4.2.2. Operation phase 4.2.2.1. Impacts on air The main factors impacting the air quality are bad odor created by decomposition of organic matters in WW and waste collection via waste filter and pump. The locations creating the bad odor are presented in Table 4-14. WW may have bad odor and direct impacts on the workers here. However, if combining varied treatment engineering measures and keeping it at a safe distance, these impacts are minimized. In addition, treatment method for aerobic WW only create a small amount of CH4. The CETP is isolated from the centralized residential area. Therefore, transmission of pathogenic microorganisms in the air is irregular. Noise created by the equipment in CETP is mainly pump, air blowers, causing direct impacts on operators. Impacts on air quality as the CETP’s operations are in the areas surrounding the IZ and the Plant. Table 4-14. Bad Odor Emission Sources in the CETP Locations Pollutants Inlet WW, exhaust fumes, oil, sludge Pump pits WW, surface pollutants, sludge, sand Oil Separator Tank, WW, exhaust fumes, oil, surface pollutants, sludge Equalization tank Flocculation tank – Gas emission, oil, bio membrane, chemicals coagulation tank Primary Sedimentation WW, residues, gas emission, surface pollutants, sludge, re- Tank circulated solvent 79 SBR Tank WW, exhaust fumes, surface pollutants, sand, bio-membrane Sludge Tank WW, exhaust fumes, oil, surface pollutants, sludge Pump Station WW, surface pollutants Bio-pond WW, exhaust fumes, residues, chemicals Drainage ditch WW, residues, sludge, spilled chemicals and circulating area Outlet WW, residues, sludge, spilled chemicals 4.2.2.2. Impacts on groundwater environment The operation of the CETP have impacts on groundwater only when pipelines, the tank bottom and WW in sludge tanks are not well controlled. However, the risks are possibly minimized by proper operation and maintenance measures. 4.2.2.3. Impacts surface water environment (1). Domestic WW of operators The average content of WW is about 120 liters / person / day in average. However, the common quorum of operators in the ETP should not exceed 6 people so domestic ww is not large. Normally, Domestic WW created by operators has pollutants as BOD, COD, TSS. WW generated by operators is treated through septic tanks so its pollutant contents reduce significantly and as the result, the impacts are insignificant. (2). WW from the CETP WW generated by operations of the ETP consists of many sources: - WW separated from the process of sludge treatment process, oil and grease scum. The main elements containing SS, microorganisms and other pollutants. - The water for cleaning pumping equipment, chemical tanks, filters, floors, etc may be contaminated by oil and grease with insignificant concentrations; Entire created WW shall be collected and sent back to the treatment tanks of the CETP. (3). Rainwater runoff: The rainwater runoff in the Project area shall sweep soil, sand, waste, oil and grease and impurities scrattered on ground and on roof, treatment tanks, corridors to water sources. If the effluent is not well controll, it may cause adverse impacts on the surface water source, groundwater, and aquatic life in the area. Estimated concentrations of pollutants in average in rainwater runoff are as follows: - Suspended solids (SS) : 10-30 mg/l; - Chemical oxygen demand (COD) : 10-20 mg/l; - Total Nitrogen (N) : 0.5 – 1.5 mg/l; - Phosphorus (P) : 0.004 – 0.03 mg/l. Thus, rainwater runoff is relatively clean in comparison with other emission sources. Therefore, rainwater drainage system will be completely separated from the WW drainage system via manholes and trask racks before discharging to the environment via the IZ’s rainwater drainage system. 80 4.2.2.4. Impacts on soil Main impacts on soil are sludge from operations of waste in the CETP and domestic waste of the workers. (1). Solid waste (SW) generated from the treatment phase The volume of SW generated from the CETP is affected by: - Debris from the coarse filter and fine filter; - Sand from sedimentation tank; - Sludge from sludge tank including sludge, septic sludge, alum and polymer; - Biological sludge from the biological treatment work as tanks, dropping filters and oxygen systems. (2). Sludge created by the CETP Sludge is dewatered by sludge compresor and the polymer is considered as an adjuvant for dewatering process. Wastewater and sludge mainly consist of organic compounds, decomposited compounds to cause unpleasant odors. If the sludge composition has toxicity due to industrial WW, it shall be temporarily stored in the sludge tank, transported and treated if being leaked to cause impacts on the soil environment . Table 4-15. Calculations of Waste Sludge generated by Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP with assumed capacity of 1500 m3/day. No. Content Quantity Unit 1 Generated sludge content in the physicochemical sedimentation tank Daily average flow rate, Q 1,500 m3/day a. SS gets in the physicochemical treatment clusters, , SSv 300 mg/l SS gets out the physicochemical treatment clusters, SSr 150 mg/l Daily physicochemical sludge everyday, M1=Q*(SSv- 225 kg/day SSr)/1000 b. Created daily flocculated chemical content, MPAC(100%) 60 kg/day Sludge precipitated from created daily flocculated chemical 15 kg/day content, M2=0.25*MPAC(100%) c Total sludge residues in the physicochemical sedimentation 240 kg/day tank, M'=M1 + M2 2 Daily created Bio-sludge Mean flow rate/ day 1.500 m3/day BOD gets in SBR tank, BODv 210 mg/l BOD gets out SBR tank, BODr 23 mg/l Sludge output factor, Y 0,55 81 Bio-sludge daily created in SBR tank, M''=Y*Q*(BODv - 154,3 kg/day BODr)/1000 3 Total sludge pumped to the sludge compressor, M1=M' + 394,3 kg/day M'' Compressed sludge in the sludge compressor with the humidity of 82%, equivalent to the solid content of 18% Sludge created after the sludge compression, 2,19 Ton/day M2=M1/0.18/1000 (3). Domestic solid waste (DSW) Domestic waste generated by workers can be calculated based on the number of employees working in the CETP (about 6 people). Estimated quantity of generated waste is about 5 – 8 kg / day under the rate of 0.5 kg/person/day and it is assumed that the workers are permitted to clean their working place. The quantity is insignificant, collected and treated with DSW in the IZ under the signed Contract. (4). Hazardous waste (HW) Waste grease and oil can be generated from maintenance and operation of vehicles and machinery. Rest quantity of oil and grease can be identified as HW. If the strict management measures are not applied to collect and treat the residual oils, this could be a source of pollutant to the groundwater and soil. However, the estimated impact is insignificant on the environment. Containers of chemicals are used in the treatment technology should be collected and stored in accordance with the prescribed standards on safety, collection and periodical treatment. 4.2.2.5. Impacts on the ecology and landscape Generally, impacts on construction of the CETP will not change any of landscapes and ecosystems because this area’s current construction purpose changes, it is for building the IZ. Presence of modern CETP shall build a good reputation to the IZ to the surrounding communities. After being treated, water quality shall meet the requirements in the Regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, Type A before discharging Giat river; therefore the impacts on the ecology of the river are active in comparison with unavailability of the CETP. 4.2.2.6. Impacts on the community’s activities, health and safety The Project does not cause much impacts on the public works and community except for bad odor created by the CETP to make the surrounding industrial tenants unpleasant. However, if mitigation measures are applied to reduce bad odor, such impacts are insignificant. 4.2.2.7. Environment Incidents in the Operation Phase (1). Operation Incidents The CETP may encounter with technical problems due to many reasons such as obstruction, fire of the pump, automatic defects of the machinery, shortage of maintenance in a long time, etc. These incidents may cause treated effluent dissatisfactory as discharging to the receiving environment. The long-lasting incident which is not restored shall cause serious and direct impacts on the receiving water source quality (receiving environment) and indirect impact on ecosystems. 82 (2). Incidents caused by natural disasters In the rain season, natural incidents such as floods, natural disasters may happen to cause the system of WW collection – drainage damaged. Untreated WW shall be leaked in the surrounding environment, polluting the water and soil environment in the wide scope toward the direction of the effluent. Table 4-16. Synthetic Table of Impacts in Operation Phase of the Plant No. Impacting Sources Air Water Soil Ecology Community and Landscape 1 Exhaust fumes ** 0 0 * * 2 Wastewater * *** *** ** ** 3 SW and HW ** ** *** ** * 4 Polluting noise and ** 0 0 0 * vibration 5 Environmental * ** * * * incidents Note: High impacts: *** Average impacts: ** Low impacts: * No Impact or insignificant impacts: 0 4.3. DETAILED LEVEL AND RELIABILITY OF ASSESSMENTS Methods of assessment and reporting are common methods in environmental impact assessment such as figure listing method, catalogue method and mathematic formula using method, … Because its nature is an environmental treatment project, but is not the production factory; its scope is small and volume and nature of emissions are not complicated, methods of reporting such as network diagram method and map joining method are unused. Detailed level and reliability of assessing possible environmental impacts, risks, environmental incidents upon deploying and not deploying the project are objectively presented in Table 4-17. Table 4-17. Assessment of reliability of the EIA methods applied No. Content of assessment Detailed level and reliability 1 In the construction phase Assessing impacts caused by High detailed level and high reliability thanks to 1.1 dust and exhaust gas from the sufficient figures about the means of transport means of transport High detailed level and high reliability thanks to Assessing impacts caused by figures collected from results of actual studies in the noise from construction 1.2 world, specific calculations for the project and equipments, machines and comparison with the Standard on noise in working means of transport place by the Ministry of Public Health 1.3 Assessing impacts caused by High detailed level and high reliability thanks to 83 No. Content of assessment Detailed level and reliability vibration from construction figures collected from results of actual studies in the equipments, machines and world, specific consideration for the project and means of transport comparison with criteria of vibration impact assessment applied in the world for the projects/subjects specifically affected in the area Assessing impacts caused by High detailed level and high reliability thanks to the 1.4 overflowed storm water and overflowed storm water discharge calculated temporary inundation specifically for the project conditions High detailed level and high reliability thanks to Assessing impacts caused by waste mass/ discharge calculated separately for the 1.5 domestic solid waste (waste project on a basis of figures provided by the water and solid waste) Employer and reference figures of the projects implemented in the area Assessing impacts caused by Low detailed level and relative reliability thanks to 1.6 construction wastes lack of construction waste studies in Vietnam High detailed level and high reliability thanks to Assessing impacts caused by grease studies conducted in Vietnam and specific 1.7 waste grease calculations for the project in compliance with Vietnam’s applicable regulations High detailed level and relative reliability thanks to Assessing social impacts identity and assessment of these impacts on a basis of (traffic obstruction, considering specific conditions of the project and 1.8 contradiction between experience in social impact assessment of the workers and local people and industrial zone construction projects as well as other industrial accidents) projects conducted by the experts 2 In the operation phase High detailed level and high reliability thanks to reference and inheritance of studies in the world, use Assessing impacts caused by of WHO’s pollution coefficient, inheritance of exhaust gas from activities of 2.1 industrial zone studies in Vietnam, comparison and the waste water treatment collation with a list of business lines permitted to plant invest in the project and separate calculation for the project Assessing impacts caused by High detailed level and high reliability thanks to bad odor from the reference of figures and studies about bad odor from 2.2 concentrated waste water the waste water treatment plants in the world and treatment plants separate calculations and assessments for the project Assessing impacts caused by High detailed level and high reliability thanks to aerosol emitted from the reference of figures and studies about aerosol from 2.3 concentrated waste water the waste water treatment plants in the world and treatment plants separate assessments for the project High detailed level and high reliability thanks to reference of figures and different studies about Assessing impacts caused by 2.4 industrial and domestic waste water and separate waste water calculations of pollution discharge and load for the project 84 No. Content of assessment Detailed level and reliability High detailed level and high reliability thanks to Assessing impacts caused by 2.5 reference of figures and studies from real surveys and solid waste separate calculations and assessments for the project High detailed level and high reliability thanks to Assessing impacts caused by reference of figures and different studies about 2.6 hazardous wastes hazardous wastes in conditions of the industrial zones in Vietnam Assessing impacts caused by Relative detailed level and high reliability thanks to 2.7 sludge from the concentrated forecast of sludge discharged daily for the waste water treatment plants concentrated waste water treatment plants Relative detailed level and high reliability thanks to Assessing impacts caused by 2.8 assessments based on specific conditions of the environmental incidents project High detailed level and high reliability thanks to Assessing impacts on assessments based on other contents of assessment, 2.9 environmental components use of rapid environmental assessment matrix (RIAM) with support of computer software 4.4. EFFECT ON WATER QUALITY 4.4.1. Pollution load At the maximum load of 1500 m3/day, the pollutant load in WW of Hoa Mac CETP can be estimated as follows: Table 4-18. The pollution load in WW of Hoa Mac IZ CETP Concentration Pollutant load No. Parameter (mg/l) (kg/day) 1 TSS 50 75 2 BOD5 30 45 3 COD 75 112.5 4 N-NH3 5 7.5 5 Total Fe 1 1.5 Note: The pollutant load is calculated by theory of WW quality after treatment that meets with national standard QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A (Kf = 1.0, Kq = 0.9) 4.4.2. Impact assessment on receiving source The pollutant load will affect directly on receiving source that are Giat River and Hong River at section passing Ha Nam province. Based on Table 4.18, after CEPT starts operating, a flow of 1500 m3/day will contribute into Giat and Chau Giang River. This average load is 75 kg SS, 45 kg BOD5, 112.5 kg COD, 7.5 kg ammonia and 1.5 kg total iron. Polluted wastewater can cause the following impacts when it is discharged to the environment: - Increase turbidity of the river flow due to SS; alter photosynthetic efficiency and reduce DO in the surface water. Suspended solid could be deposited at the outlet, altering the river flow, river depth and hydraulic conditions. Organic sludge depositing also causes oxygen deficient, forming toxic gases like H2S, CH4, etc. If the receiving source is not cleaned properly, the water will be changed to black and smelly. 85 - Increase organic pollution load (BOD5, COD), increase organic and inorganic compound oxidization, reducing DO concentration in the water. - Increase nutrients in the water (total N, total P), causing eutrophication. - Reduce load bearing and purifying capacity of the river. - Affect to drinking and production water quality. 4.5. EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM - Increase turbidity, reduce DO to lead affecting to photosynthesis efficiency, altering number of aquatic species in the water. - Impact on food chain of the ecosystem. - If the river could not purified, water will be polluted by organic substance and nutrients, affecting seriously to aquatic life, reducing biodiversity (species number and density), etc. narrowing habitat of small animal species in mangrove forest. - Pollution of nutrients: Proper nutrient content will promote algae growing adequately in the food cycle. However, if it increases significantly eutrophication will occur, causing organic pollution. - Nitrogen Impacts: + Toxic to fish at high concentration + Small NH3 concentration and NO3- are nutrients to algae growth. + Conversion of NH4+ to NO3- needs large volume of DO. - Impacts of Phosphorus: Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for algae growth. High concentration will promote algae growth. When algae died it will be organic food for bacteria, altering oxygen content, cause fish dead. - Organic Substance Pollution: reduce DO, threatening to fish and other aquatic species. 4.6. EFFECT ON HYDROLOGY Following the data supplied by the Irrigation Department, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam province, average flow rate (in August) of Giat river at the section through Ha Nam province is around 22.36 m3/s, equally to 22,360 l/s. The wastewater volume of CEPT of Hoa Mac IZ is about 1500 m3/day, equally to 17.36 l/s. This volume is not significant that can’t increase the water flow or the change hydraulic regime of receiving source. 4.7. EFFECT ON AIR The maximum capacity of CETP of Hoa Mac IZ phase 1 is 1500 m3/day. They could emit odor, H2S, Hydrocarbons, Mercaptan among others affecting to areas near the outlet. However currently there is no detected odor from the Hoa Mac IZ Treatment Plant’s discharges, and was reflected through the surveying of residents living along project area. Hence it can be concluded that the discharge wastewater does not affect local air quality. 86 4.8. EFFECT ON RISK AND ACCIDENTS The large flow may cause a temporary disturbance of the channel and river, which may cause dangerous, unsafe for small boats moving through the discharge sewer area. However as small effluent of 1500 m3/day, equally to 17.36 l/s and at Giat and Chau Giang River no boat is here because these rivers are for agricultural irrigation and domestic water supply, therefore the ability to happening risks and accidents is not reality. 4.9. SOCIAL – ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND DOWNSTREAM WATER USE Wastewater from the treatment facility contains organic substances (BOD5, and COD), causing turbidity increase in Giat River water, offensively odor at the outlet. The effluent discharge can affect to socio-economic activities of residents living around effluent area. However, with the discharge flow if 1500 m3/day and water quality after treating fitting national standard of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT column A (kq=1.0; kf =0.9) that influences are not significant. 4.10. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS The water quality and flow of Giat and Chau Giang River will be affected after discharging WW of CETP of Hoa Mac IZ into there. The influence is not significant for rivers because of small flow and water quality that meets national standard. To analyze the accumulated impacts of the project toward Giat and Chau Giang River, we will have to analyze the discharge receiving capacity of Giat and Chau Giang River. The assessment will be based on Circular 02/2009/TT-BTNMT dated 19/3/2009 of the MONRE. 4.10.1. Giat River pollution load analysis Pollution loads of Giat River can be analysed by the limits of polluting parameters in Giat river water. It can be presented in table below: Table 4-19. Pollutant concentrations of Giat River Parameter BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg Ctc (mg/l) 15 30 50 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.001 Note: Limitation value Ctc is based on QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, Column B1 4.10.1.1. Maximum pollution load The max pollution loads that surface water source can receive are calculated as below equation: Ltd = (Qs + Qt) x Ctc x 86.4 When: - Ltd: Max pollution load of that water sources with a certain pollutants; - Qs: Flow rate of Giat river Qs= 22.36 m3/s; - Qt: Wastewater flow, Qt = 1500 m3/day = 0.017 m3/s; - 86.4 is the coefficient from (m3/s)x(mg/l) to (kg/day). 87 The max pollution load that nearby surface water sources can receive will be presented in below table: Table 4-20. The max pollution load that nearby surface water source can receive Parameter BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg Qs + Qt (m3/s) 22.377 22.377 22.377 22.377 22.377 22.377 22.377 Ctc (mg/l) 15 30 50 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.001 Ltd (kg/day) 29000.59258001.18 96668.64 96.669 96.669 19.334 1.933 4.10.1.2. Current pollutant loads The current pollutant loads in the discharge source receiving is calculated as below equation: Ln = Qs x Cs x 86.4 When: - Ln: Current Pollution Loads in receiving water body; - Qs: Flow rate of Giat river, Qs= 22.36 m3/s; - Cs: Max concentration of certain pollutants in the river before receives the waste water discharge; - 86.4 is the coefficient from (m3/s)x(mg/l) to (kg/day). The current pollution loads will be presented in below table: Table 4-21. The current pollution loads Parameter BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg Qs (m3/s) 22.36 22.36 22.36 22.36 22.36 22.36 22.36 Cs (mg/l) 10 25 118 0.0021 0.002 0.0002 0.0006 Ln (kg/day) 19319.04 48297.6 227964.7 4.057 3.864 0.386 1.159 Note: Cs is the average concentration of result of surface water quality of Giat river on December, 10th 2013 that was periodic monitoring result of Hoa Mac IZ. 4.10.1.3. Pollutant load from discharge source Pollutant load from discharge source will be calculated as below equation: Lt = Qt x Ct x 86.4 When: Lt: Pollution load in effluent (kg/day); Qt: Wastewater flow rate, Qt= 0.017 m3/s; Ct: Max concentration of pollutants in wastewater; 86.4 is the coefficient from (m3/s)x(mg/l) to (kg/day). Pollution loads from discharge sources will be presented in below table: 88 Table 4-22. Pollutant loads from discharge sources Parameter BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg Qt (m3/s) 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 Ct (mg/l) 30 75 50 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.005 Lt (kg/day) 44.064 110.16 73.44 0.073 0.147 0.073 0.007 Note: Ct was calculated in hypothesis that water quality after treating is meeting with national standard QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A (Kf=1.0, Kq=0.9) 4.10.1.4. Giat River load receiving capacity Giat River pollution load receiving capacity will be calculated as below equation: Ltn = (Ltd – Ln - Lt) x Fs When: - Ltn: Giat River pollutant load receiving capacity (kg/day); - Ltd: max pollution load of that water sources with a certain pollutants; - Ln: Current Pollution Loads in receiving water body; - Lt: Pollution load in effluent (kg/day); - Fs: safety coefficient, Fs = 0.3 – 0.7, the project choice Fs = 0.5. Giat River pollution loads receiving capacity after received the discharge from the CETP can be summarized as below: Table 4-23. Giat River pollution loads receiving capacity after received the discharge from the CETP Parameter BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg Ltd (kg/day) 29000.592 58001.18 96668.64 96.669 96.669 19.334 1.933 Ln (kg/day) 19319.04 48297.6 227964.7 4.057 3.864 0.386 1.159 Lt (kg/day) 44.064 110.16 73.44 0.073 0.147 0.073 0.007 Ltn (kg/day 4818.748 4796.72 - 65684.8 46.269 46.329 9.437 0.383 Conclusion: Giat River, having received the treated wastewater from the IZ will still be able to sustain the loads of parameters BOD, SS, As, Pb, Cd, Hg and remain within national standards. SS levels are already over the river maximum pollution loads; thus the additional SS load will not in themselves cause a change in water quality of the canal with respect to existing standards. 4.10.2. Chau Giang River pollution load analysis Chau Giang river pollution load can be analyzed by the limits of pollutants in Chau Giang River. It can be presented as below table: Table 4-24. The limitation values of pollutants in Chau Giang River Parameter BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg Ctc (mg/l) 4 10 20 0.01 0.02 0.005 0.001 Note: Limitation value Ctc is based on QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, column A1 89 4.10.2.1. Max Pollution load Max pollution load that nearby surface water sources can receive, will be calculated using below equation: Ltd = (Qs + Qt) x Ctc x 86.4 Of which: - Ltd: max pollution load of that water sources with a certain pollutants; - Qs: Flow rate of Chau Giang river in dry season, Qs= 9.6 m3/s; - Qt: Flow rate of wastewater, Qt = 22.317 m3/s (flow rate of Giat river + flow rate of CEPT of Hoa Mac IZ); - 86.4 is the coefficient from (m3/s) x (mg/l) to (kg/day). The max pollution load that nearby surface water sources can receive will be presented in below table: Table 4-25. The max pollution load that nearby surface can receive Parameter BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg Qs + Qt (m3/s) 22.317 22.317 22.317 22.317 22.317 22.317 22.317 Ctc (mg/l) 4 10 20 0.01 0.02 0.005 0.001 Ltd (kg/day) 11030.52 27576.29 55152.58 27.576 55.153 13.788 2.758 4.10.2.2. Current pollutant load The current pollutant load can be calculated as below equation: Ln = Qs x Cs x 86.4 When: - Ln: The current pollutant load in receiving water body; - Qs: Flow rate of Chau Giang river in dry season, Qs= 9.6 m3/s; - Cs: Max concentration of pollutants in the river before receiving the wastewater discharge; - 86.4 is the coefficient from (m3/s) x (mg/l) to (kg/day). Calculation results of the current pollutant loads are presented as below table: Table 4-26. The current pollutant load Parameter BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg Qs (m3/s) 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 Cs (mg/l) 1.55 2.86 15.8 0.002 0.002 0.0002 0.0005 Ln (kg/day) 1285.632 2372.198 13105.15 1.659 1.659 0.166 0.415 Note: Cs is the average concentration of result of surface water quality of Chau Giang river on December, 10th 2013 that was periodic monitoring result of Hoa Mac IZ. 4.10.2.3. Pollutant load from discharge source The pollution load from discharge source will be calculated as below equation: Lt = Qt x Ct x 86.4 90 When: - Lt: Pollutant load from discharge source; - Qt: wastewater flow rate, Qt= 0.017 m3/s; - Ct: Max concentration of certain pollutants in discharge; - 86.4 is the coefficient from (m3/s) x (mg/l) to (kg/day). The pollution load from discharge source will be presented as below table: Table 4-27. The pollution load from Giat river into Chau Giang river Parameter BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg Qt (m3/s) 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 Ct (mg/l) 5.55 12.86 35.8 0.012 0.022 0.0052 0.0015 Lt (kg/day) 8.152 18.889 52.583 0.018 0.032 0.008 0.002 Note: Ct is average concentration of pollutants in the water quality results of Giat river and concentration of wastewater after treating with hypothesis that they are meeting with national quality QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column A. 4.10.2.4. Chau Giang River pollution load receiving capacity Chau Giang river pollution load receiving capacity will be calculated as below equation: Ltn = (Ltd – Ln - Lt) x Fs When: - Ltn: Chau Giang river pollution load receiving capacity (kg/day); - Ltd: Max pollution load of that water sources with a certain pollutants (kg/day); - Ln: The current pollutant load in receiving water body (kg/day); - Lt: Pollution load from discharge source (kg/day); - Fs: Safety coefficient, Fs = 0.3 – 0.7, the project choice Fs = 0.5. Chau Giang river pollution load receiving capacity after receiving water from Giat River (including discharge water from CETP of Hoa Mac IZ) will be presented as below table: Table 4-28. Chau Giang River pollution load receiving capacity after receiving water from Giat River and WW from the CETP of Hoa Mac IZ Parameter BOD COD SS As Pb Cd Hg Ltd (kg/day) 11030.52 27576.29 55152.58 27.576 55.153 13.788 2.758 Ln (kg/day) 1285.632 2372.198 13105.15 1.659 1.659 0.166 0.415 Lt (kg/day) 8.152 18.889 52.583 0.018 0.032 0.008 0.002 Ltn (kg/day) 4868.366 12592.6 20997.42 12.950 26.731 6.807 1.170 Conclusion: Chau Giang River, after received the treated wastewater from the IP and Giat River will still be able to sustain the loads of parameters BOD, COD, SS, As, Pb, Cd and Hg. Cumulative impact assessment was conducted for the CETP of Hoa Mac IZ. It is not enough information to synthesize and evaluate impacts of Chau Giang River for the other projects in the same valley. 91 CHAPTER 5: POLLUTION MITIGATION MEASURES 4.11. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) The EMP is developed to help the Investor and contractors minimize the environmental impacts during construction and operation phases of the Project. The units involved in the environmental management process include: Table 0-1. Concerned Agencies in the Environmental Management Programs Agencies Main obligations To implement Mitigation Measures against the proposed impacts. Construction To report Environmental Pollution Mitigation and Control Measures contractors to the Company. To supervise and evaluate implementation of the EMP proposed in The Company’s the EIA reports Consultant To report Hoa Mac IZ Development Management Co., Ltd To supervise and evaluate the environmental quality on basis of Consultancy on monitoring parameters proposed in the reports. environment To implement interviews to the community to record feedbacks and monitoring evaluations of local people on the Project’s EMP To report Hoa Mac IZ Development Management Co., Ltd Department of Natural To supervise and evaluate implementation of Impact Mitigation Resources and Measures proposed in the construction phases via reports of Hoa Environment (DONRE) Mac IZ Development Management Co., Ltd on actual test results. Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOPs) are encoded Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures to help the units involved in environmental management processes easily identify and manage these impacts, if any, during construction and operation phases of the project and the environmental risks. 4.11.1. Construction phase 4.11.1.1. Water pollution mitigation measures Domestic wastewater from the operations of the workers should be collected and treated before being discharged into the septic tank to the environment. 200 liter mobile toilets are used as a impact mitigation measure for domestic wastewater of workers. To repair, maintaint and replace the construction equipment accessories, oil, clout that must be collected comprehensively to avoid unexpected spilling on site. To design rainwater drainage ditches surrounding the site to prevent from contamination of impurities before discharging to the environment. 4.11.1.2. Mitigation Measures for Impacts of SW and HW SW, during construction phase, damages building materials such as rubble, sand and gravel, dead cement, the waste external protection devices, etc and domestic waste of workers on site as protective objects, cement bags, etc. The SW must be treated in a regular, concentrated and classified manner. Construction waste: Limit to generate waste in construction by reasonable calculation and use of raw materials; reminding workers the sense of saving, strictly management and supervision of the works. The waste is inert, non- toxic agents such as broken bricks, sand residual sand and soil 92 which will be used for site clearance. The Contractors shall collect, classify and store construction waste regularly in the prescribed locations on site. The storage locations must be convenient for dumping. They are designed with hard walls, cover, and temporary drainage ditches, etc to avoid losses and leakage of waste into the environment. The construction waste will be transported everyday to proper sites. Other wastes such as cement bags, protective equipment, steel pieces, welding rods, etc are collected and transported to designated places for reuse or resale to the wanting units. The Project Management Unit or the contractors shall sign the contracts with the functional units which are specialized in transportation of waste under strict and regular supervision of the Project Management Board, environmental police, traffic and public work management authorities, etc to avoid illegal dump of construction waste. Domestic waste: Is concentrated in 500 liter dust bins near the tents and temporary works to secure to protect the environment and hygiene and to sign the contracts with the local Environment Service Suppliers to collect and dispose waste under current current regulations. The created hazardous solid waste such as oily rags and wasted oil must be collected in the specialized storage tanks and cans with sealed cover to secure hygienic storage and treated by hired functional agencies. 4.11.1.3. Mitigation measures to the air quality To use tarpaulins to cover the trucks’ boot during transporting construction materials such as sand, stone on roads. For materials with high dust pollutants (building sand), it is possible to moisten it, where necessary, in order to minimize impacts on air. To water to prevent from dusts in sunny, hot, windy days in the areas where dusts are created; To arrange reasonable transportation routes. To check means of construction to secure the equipment and machinery in the best engineering conditions; To minimize reciprocal and accumulated impacts in construction activities of the Project and operations of the existing CETP; The vehicles getting out the site must be cleaned to prevent the air from soil spilling over the roads; The means of transportation must limit their speeds before getting in the project site; To apply the appropriate construction methods, and to mechanize all operations during the construction phase. 4.11.1.4. Impact Mitigation Measures for Soil Quality The impacts during the construction phase of the Project on the soil are insignificant. Therefore, the Investor does not implement soil pollution mitigation measures. 93 Table 0-2. Summarized plan for mitigation measures during construction phase Vietnamese Execution Supervision Issues Code Mitigation measures applied code/regulation Construction vehicles must undergo a regular • TCVN 6438-2005: Contractors IZMB of Hoa emissions check and get certificated named: Road vehicles. Mac WW1 "Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, Maximum permitted technical safety and environmental protection" emission limits of following Decision No. 35/2005 / QD-BGTVT on exhaust gas; 21/07/2005; • Decision Maintant vehicles and equipment daily and every 6 No.35/2005 QD- WW2 months (or 8,000 km of road) BGTVT on quality control, technical WW3 Do not burn waste on site Air pollution safety and environmental protection for vehicles imported into Vietnam. Monitoring air quality, exhaust emissions, dust, noise WW4 • QCVN 05: and ambient air quality 2009/BTNMT – National technical regulation on ambient air quality Removing waste out of construction site as soon as • QCVN 05: Contractors IZMB of Hoa D1 possible 2009/BTNMT – Mac National technical Dust Cover transport vehicles to prevent dropping of soil, regulation on Emissions D2 sand, materials or dust during the transportation. ambient air quality Contractor’s responsibility is to comply national D3 regulations on ambient air quality 94 Contractors ensure the amount of dust emission that is smallest and not being inconvenient for local residents. Contractor’s responsibility is to carry out dust D4 controlling plan to maintain safety working environment and mitigate the disturbance to the residential / around housing. Contractor’s responsibility is to carry out measures to mitigate dust emission as necessary as (such as D5 spraying car, spraying water on the construction road, covering area of material storage, etc… Excavated soil and material storage expanse should be covered to prevent dispersal by wind and the position D6 of the raw materials stockpile has to be considered wind direction and the location of sensitive areas. The The Contractor shall prepare measures to protect • Law of Contractors IZMB of Hoa disturbance vegetation outlined in the environmental management environmental Mac of vegetation plan approved by the building construction engineer, protection No. TR1 and according to relevant regulations. Clearance plan must 52/2005/QH11 ecosystems be approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and strict compliance by the contractor • QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT – N1 To avoid constructing in the night (10 pm to 6 am) National technical regulation on noise Noise and vibration • QCVN The contractor is responsible for compliance with the 27:2010/BTNMT: N2 relevant Vietnam legislation with respect to noise and National technical vibration regulation on vibration 95 All vehicles must have appropriate "Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, technical safety N3 and environmental protection" following Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT to avoid exceeding noise emissions from poorly maintained machines Ensure the technical requirements on wastewater Contractors IZMB of Hoa Increasing TU1 Mac treatment and run-offs turbidity in surface water TU2 Good management of soil erosion and sediment Build temporary or use portable toilets in the IP (if • QCVN Contractors IZMB of Hoa WW1 necessary) 14:2008/BTNMT: Mac Build a septic tank (if required) and collect wastewater National technical WW2 and sewage when the construction finishes regulation on Domestic Contractor has responsibility to comply Vietnam law domestic wastewater WW3 relating to wastewater discharged source wastewater of workers Wastewater over permissible values set by Vietnam standards/regulations must be collected in a septic tank WW4 and transported from the field by a unit licensed collection SW1 Periodic dredging of sewers • TCVN 4447:1987 Contractors IZMB of Hoa To avoid water runoff containing sediment can affect National standard Mac water resources, it is necessary to build works on earth works, SW2 decanting sludge, making slowly flow rate or changing codes for flow direction and sediment traps to create vegetation. construction, To ensure drainage system is always maintained, no check and Drainage and SW3 sludge and other obstructions and periodically check accetance. sedimentatio the condition of the drainage system • Circular n control To maintain the current conditions and not disturb the 22/2010/TT-BXD SW4 position of the area by the construction activities about safety in The excavation, digging and creating slope must be construction work maintained with the appropriate specifications of • QCVN SW5 construction for the outfall 08:2008/BTNMT - 96 The Contractor shall comply with the detailed design National technical of the drainage system including construction plan, regulation on recommence to prevent rain caused local flooding or surface water erosion of soil in the area protected, resulting in quality SW6 sediment affect local water (drainage layout of the area around the building to collect rainwater runoff or sediment deposition ditch before flowing to water source) Underground GW1 Leackages in the drainage system must be detected and QCVN Contractors IZMB of Hoa water repaired promptly 09:2008/BTNMTNati Mac pollution onal technical caused by regulation on leackage of underground water wastewater quality Prior to construction, process of control solid waste • Decree Contractors IZMB of Hoa (storage provide bins, schedule collection and disposal, 59/2007/ND-CP on Mac W1 etc.) must be prepared by the contractor and the solid waste construction management plan and monitored carefully management during construction. Prior to construction, all discharge permits must be W2 passed Solid waste can be temporarily stored at the site in an area approved by the construction supervision and local governments and related IZMB to collect and Solid waste treat. In case if it is not removed from the construction management site, solid waste or construction waste will be treated at W3 the site determined and having the acceptability of the construction supervision consultant inline with solid waste management plan. In all cases, the contractor shall not dispose of any materials in sensitive areas, natural environment or water sources. Waste storage area must be covered, waterproof, W4 weather protected and closed to the animal scavengers. W5 No burning, disposal or dumping of solid waste 97 Chemical waste in any form must be disposed of in • Regulation No. Contractors IZMB of Hoa appropriate landfills approved and according to the 23/2006/QD- Mac HW1 request of local authorities. The contractor must have a BTNMT: List of certificate of hazardous treatment treatment. hazardous waste Used oils, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from • Circular No. vehicle maintenance and machinery will be collected 12/2011/TT- HW2 in the tank and removed from the field by companies BTNMT: About in the recycling and disposal of hazardous waste Hazardous Waste approved. Management Chemical The relevant authorities (IZMB and the Department of and Natural Resources and Environment) promptly notify hazardous the case of oil spills, chemical, or incidents. Prepare waste and start remedial measures after any oil spill problem HW3 or accident. In this case, the contractor shall provide a report assessing, remedial activity done, the consequences / damage from the spill, and proposed measures overcome. Toxic chemicals stored properly and labeled and HW4 locked containers. To propagate, training to raise awareness and response HW5 measures for workers about toxic chemicals in the workplace • Road Traffic Law Contractors IZMB of Hoa No. Mac 23/2008/QH12 • Construction Law Traffic Prior to construction, making the consultation with 16/2003/QH11 management local governments, communities and the traffic police • Circular No.22/2010/TT- BXD: egulations on labor safety in construction work 98 Limiting speed at construction site • Circular No. Contractors IZMB of Hoa 22/2010/TT-BXD: Mac Regulations on HS1 occupational safety in construction work • Directive Avoid transport during peak hours to reduce traffic 02/2008/CT-BXD HS2 congestion reorganize and strengthen measures to ensure occupational safety, ccupational health units in the building industry Safety for • TCVN 5308-91: workers and HS3 Installation of lighting at night Technical residents regulations for safety in construction • Decision No. 96/2008/QD-TTg of demining. Equip workers with protective equipment TCVN 5308-91: (eg equip with ear plugs and use in case having noise Technical regulations HS4 in the work area by installation of pipe, mixing,.., to for safety in control noise and protect workers) construction • Decision No. Training workers on safety regulations and ensuring 96/2008/QD-TTg of HS5 their compliance demining. HS6 Ensure safety of construction site , security and order Provide protective clothing or protective gloves if they HS7 expose to chemicals and sludge 99 Prepare and implement action plans to deal with risks and emergency situations (ie in complex situations, HS8 stopping construction and implementation of necessary measures) as well as preparing services emergency at construction site. HS9 The Contractor shall comply with the regulations of Vietnam on labor safety. Communicat C1 Provide local communities and workers at the site with • Decree No. Contractors IZMB of Hoa ion with the the ECOPs (Vietnamese) and the project 73/2010/ND-CP: Mac local Environmental Protection documents related The sanctioning of community administrative violations in the C2 Dissemination of information of the project for field of security affected groups (such as local governments, businesses and order, social and households affected, etc.) through community security meetings before starting construction, supply mode of contact from that point the interested parties can get information about the active site, project status and results of the project; Provide all the information, especially technical solutions, with understandable language for the general public and information for interested citizens and officials through the preparation of an information sheet and informed in the press while conducting the work of the project. C3 To supervise community related and require information as well as the progress of the project; C4 Feedback telegrams and letters written timely and accurately 100 4.11.2. Operation phase 4.11.2.1. Impact Mitigation Measures for Water Pollution (1). Industrial wastewater For industrial WW, factories in IZ are required to use pre-treatment technology to make sure that industrial WW reach column B of QCVN 40:2011 before connecting to the CETP. Treated WW quality must be supervised to reach the Regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (Column A) before discharging into the receiving source. The Investor installed the AMS, it is possible to control such parameters as flow rate, pH, DO, TSS, COD after treatment. (2). Domestic WW Domestic WW from toilets of the CETP operators shall be collected and treated by septic tanks. (3). Rainwater Rainwater is collected on basis of the general rainwater drainage system of the IZ via culverts on sidewalks. (4). Groundwater To monitor and control the groundwater quality in the region; to prevent penetration from anaerobic tank and leakage in the connection points or transitions in WW pipelines (5). Pollution in outlets To regularly monitor water quality at the outlets; To construct warning signs at appropriate locations; To regularly dredge manholes, drainage system; To reduce the risks of overflow of WW; To regularly check preliminarily treated WW quality of tenants. 4.11.2.2. Impact Mitigation Measures for Sludge The waste sludge generated by Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP is collected, transported and treated by URENCO 11 under the Contract signed with the Investor and the regulations. Waste sludge Transportation process from Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP Sludge from WW treatment process of Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP is dewatered via sludge compressor, then packed to secure to cause no leakage to the environment and labeled to warn HW before storing in the slugde warehouses. URENCO 11 Company shall periodically collect hazardous sludge. Use of specialized vehicles for transportation of hazardous sludge may reduce leakage along the route from Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP to the treatment area of URENCO 11 because dust may contain heavy metals and pathogens that cause diseases, pollutions to foods and others skin and respiratory diseases. Workers must be equipped with appropriate protective clothes and avoid exposing their open injuries to the sludge. 101 4.11.2.3. Impact Mitigation Measures for Air The impacts on air environment in operation phase of the Project are mainly considered in the following aspects: Noise, toxic gases, bad odors arising from biological treatment tanks. However, the noise and odors generated in the CETP are expected to be difficultly spread to the residential areas if application of the buffer area under Vietnamese current Regulation QCXD 01/2008/BXD. Radius of the buffer area must be at least 300 m so that the odor and gas emissions in the treatment area shall be less absorbed and dispersed Other mitigation measures include: - To relief noise caused by operations of machinery by periodical maintenance and correct use of design capacity; - To periodically monitor the air environment surrounding the CETP’s region; - To grow more trees in the buffer zone to create the landscape and to prevent from spreading odors; - To handle incidents or accidents during operations; - To clear the site surrounding the artificial ditch in the IZ. 4.11.2.4. Impact Mitigation Measures for Soil Quality The operation of the Project does not affect the quality of soil, thus, the Investor does not need to apply soil pollution mitigation measures. 4.11.2.5. Impact Mitigation Measures for SW SW generated in the operation phase is mainly Domestic waste of operators; packages, bottles, chemical containers, biological membrane. The Domestic waste must be daily collected and transported under the provisions issued by Hoa Mac IZ Management Board. Such SW as packages, bottles, chemical containers, biological membrane must be classified and labeled, then periodically collected and processed in accordance with current regulations. 102 Table 0-3. Summarized plan for mitigation measures during operation phase No Impacts Code Intensity Mitigation measures Execution Supervisors Source of Difficulties / funds barriers 1 CETP Outlet OD1 Long-term - Regular monitoring the CETP Hoa Mac The operating - Worker’s discharge/ effluent and river water operation IZMB, Ha budget of awareness Effluent quality at the outlet discharge Unit Nam DONRE Hoa Mac - Factories and pollution - Set up warning signs at IZMB tenants in IZ suitable locations - Regular dredging manhole, sewer - Reduce the spilling of WW - Control effluent from industrial activities in the IZ before entering the CETP 2 Groundwater OD2 Long-term - Monitoring and controlling CETP Hoa Mac The operating pollution groundwater quality in the operation IZMB, Ha budget of area Unit Nam DONRE Hoa Mac - Prevent penetration of IZMB anaerobic tank leackage - Preventing leakage at connections or transitions in the WW pipes 3 Operational OP1 Long-term - Training O&M for workers CETP Hoa Mac Lack of problems - Monitoring of water quality operation IZMB, Ha training for to evaluate the efficiency of Unit Nam DONRE employees the operation - Installing the signs to warn people of the risks relating to the water bodies - Noticing the communication means - Repairing as soon as accident happens - Building bio-pond 103 4 Odor O1 Long-term` - Ensuring the radius of CETP Hoa Mac Lack of budget buffer zone at least 300m operation IZMB, Ha for training - Planting trees in the buffer Unit Nam DONRE O&M zone to create landscape and prevent odor emission - Regular maintenance of treatment units - Solving operational accidents timely - Clearance of surrounding of the ponds 5 Noise N1 Long-term - Planting trees CETP Hoa Mac - Appropriate O&M regime operation IZMB, Ha Unit Nam DONRE 6 Waste from WO1 Long-term - A good plan of collecting CETP Hoa Mac operation and treatment operation IZMB, Ha - Training for workers Unit Nam DONRE - Regular collection of sludge 7 Sludge MS1 Long-term - Checking sludge quality in CETP Hoa Mac Lack of management order to have a suitable plan operation IZMB, Ha transportation - Drying and using as Unit Nam DONRE fertilizer or treating at landfill based on sludge quality (analyzed) - Reducing the leakage along the haulage distance because dust could bear heavy metals and pathogens which results in food contamination and diseases related to skin and respiratory system - Workers must be equipped with appropriate safety clothes and prevent sludge contact to open wounds: 104 gloves, clothes and glasses. - Dry sludge will be treated in landfill or buried as sludge quality doesn’t meet standards 8 Health and HS1 Long-term, - Training working safety and CETP Hoa Mac Safety frequently industrial sanitation operation IZMB, Ha - Periodic checking health for Unit Nam DONRE workers - At least two workers working in an operating shift - Keeping a good personal hygiene - Prepare specific guidelines for operation of CETP 105 4.12. RISK MANAGEMENT The quantity of work of the Project is small and short-term so it is easy to control and prevent from environmental damages by applying below measures: 4.12.1. In the construction phase (1). Fire & Explosion Prevention and Fighting The workers on site must be trainned and instructed in term of Fire & Explosion Prevention and Fighting Measures; The flammable solvents and fuels are stored in separate warehouse, and kept away from the potential sources of ignition and spark-ignition; Investment in fire & explosion resistant equipment in the fuel storage area on site; Fully equipping fire & prevention equipment in accordance with current laws and regulations; In case of any fire incident, the Investor shall coordinate with Ha Nam Province Fire Fighting Committee to respond to the incident. (2). Traffic Accident Mitigation Measures Regulating the means of transport in the project reasonably and correctly transporting; Communicating and stimulating officers and workers as well as owners of vehicles to well comply with traffic safety laws and regulations. (3). Traffic safety control, health care and incident prevention and fighting measures In compliance with regulations on labor safety when making the construction organization plan, i.e. construction measures; machinery and equipment outline, labor accident prevention measures, workers’ use of personal protective equipment such as helmets, masks, gloves, protective clothes, goggles, shoes, boots as working on site; Closely monitoring the construction phase under the required procedure, minimizing labor accidents; Building fire prevention and fighting programs and sufficient devices equipped to handle any incident. 4.12.2. In the operation phase 4.12.2.1. Labor safety and hygiene measures Safety to the equipment: The CETPs’ equipment consists of many types, depending on the features, structure and function that IZ Management Board will conduct labor safety control activities under the State’s Regulations; The IZ Management Unit shall install the lightning systems at the highest position of the plant to secure safety to the Plant and labor safety, especially lightning safety in wet seasons; For devices requiring power supply and sufficient protection system, earth wire, checking their safety before operation. In addition, the IZ Management Unit shall establish the Power Safety Regulations to the Plan under the provisions; For all other machinery systems in the plant, the IZ Management Unit shall establish the 106 Regulations for each equipment on basis of their structure, capacity, and few unique features of each equipment to secure safe operations. Labor safety for workers: Training and guidance for workers to know to operate the Plant safely. On the other hand, the Investor shall coordinate with the Labor Safety Committee of the Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs of Ha Nam Province to provide trainings on safety rules and operation of specific equipment in each stage of production to facilitate the workers to fully understand their working position and steps to do to secure safety in production; Sufficiently equipping and provision of personal protection equipment to workers on basis of layout of workers in each stage of production in line with their jobs. In addition to the above mentioned pollution control methods, the pollutant mitigation measures for the workers’ health in the Plant shall be applied comprehensively as follows: - To well follow the programs on periodical checking and monitoring programs to the officers and workers in the plants; - To secure microclimate factors and working conditions to meet the requirements and standards issued by Ministry of Health to secure workers’ health; - To control noise to meet requirements and to avoid occupational diseases created by production process; - To provide trainings and information on hygiene and safety. 4.12.2.2. Preventive measures and Fire & Explosion Response Fire & Explosion Safety Control Measures: Fire safety measures: There is fire resistant equipment to timely cure the problem occurred; Workers will be provided with trainings, guidance of fire & explosion prevention and fighting measures; The flammable fuels are stored in separated warehouses, kept away from potential ignition sources, the solvent storage tank will be installed with the safety valve, the temperature monitoring device, automatic fire alarms; There are fire alarm systems, communication systems, alarms. The fire-fighting equipment will be checked regularly and always in a ready state; The workers are not permitted to smoke or bring lighters, matches, ignition tools via friction, sparks, etc in flammable areas; Investment in fire & explosion-proof equipment, layout of fire extinguishing systems around the region. Equipment: The fire extinguishing system is provided, including: - Water intake system for fire fighting; - Steam extinguishers, foam extinguishers; 107 - Fire resistant equipment and boxes for all plants; - Water supply for fire fighting, including lakes and nozzles and pumps; For the Operating House: Providing suction equipment, exhaust fan system for ventilation; The electrical system is designed and installed with safety devices; Regularly checking to discovery of short-circuit and power failure; The flammable areas such as warehouses of materials, chemicals, etc will be provided with the automatic fire alarm systems, water tanks, sand to extinguish the fire. Sufficient provision of fire extinguishers and fire fighting equipment Fire & explosion prevention, fighting response procedure: In the flammable areas, it is required to install fire alarms, communication system, alarms. The fire-fighting equipment will be checked regularly and always in a ready state; The machinery, equipment working in high temperature and pressure is required to periodical check and register; The fuel types are stored in separated wareshouse which is kept away from potential sources of ignition and spark. Safe distance among the works is about 12-20 m for fire trucks to easily approach; The workers are not permitted to smoke or bring lighters, matches, ignition tools via friction, sparks, etc in flammable areas; IZ Management Unit shall coordinate with the Fire Fighting Committing of Ha Nam Province to construct the fire fighting plan and to arrange the functional team and workers to practice under the established plan. 4.12.2.3. Preventive measures and Fuel Leakage Response To prevent and respond to fuel (diesel oil) leaking incidents, the Investor will cooperate with the functional authorities to strictly control the engineering systems of storage equipment, means of transportation and to establish the response plans, as follows: - To regularly check the safety of the fuel tanks to repair, replace and restore fuel leakages promptly; - To make the fences around fuel tanks, to place fire and combustible materials warning signs , prohibition signs in the distance of 5- 10 m from the tanks; - Means of transportation of petroleum, chemicals (such as tank trucks) will be eligible and satisfactory to the current safety standards, technical regulations as transporting on roads; - To propagandize and remind officers and workers on the Plant to comply with the Regulations on Fire Prevention and Fighting during the working process. On the other hand, to prevent and treat fuel and chemical leakage incidents effectively, the Investor will cooperate with authorities to prepare the prevention measures, responds, supervision and strict test to the engineering equipment in the warehouses, means of transportation of fuels and chemicals. 108 4.12.2.4. Lightning system Installation of anti-lightning systems in the highest position of the plant to attract lightning in rains and storms; Installation of the lightning and static electricity collection system and improve the systems on basis of new technologies to secure high safety to the Project’s operations; Pulse ground resistor <10 Ω as soil resistor < 50,000 Ω/cm2. Pulse ground resistor > 10 Ω as soil resistor > 50,000 Ω/cm2; Installation of the general lightning protection systems to entire project site and each plant, warehouse; Use of positive lightning arresters, lightning pillars which are arranged to protect entire project with the design height of 10 – 14m; Investment on basis of infrastructure construction progress. 4.12.2.5. CETP’s Non-operation Response CETP’s non-operations are caused by suspension of machinery and equipment of the station such as pump, agitators, chemical magnet machine, etc (due to malfunction or power failure). The other reason is due to workers’ dissatisfactory operation to cause the death of microorganisms so the CETP has to temporarily suspend its operations to grow them again. This will cause a large amount of stagnant and untreated WW and environmental pollution. This problem can be prevented by regular and periodic inspection of the technical conditions of the operating equipment, timely repairing and replacing damaged machinery. The operators must be provided with full technical trainings When the incident occurs, the Investor will receive discharge of the plants with arising effluents to the CETPs in allowable time. 109 Table 0-4. Summarized plan for mitigation measures for environmental risks No Issue/Case Action plan/Mitigation measures Execution 1 Complaints from nearby industries and Immediately implement remedial measures if possible Contractors community on environmental issues of Record in the logbook construction and operation activities Discuss with investors, local government to solve Contractors, Hoa Mac thoroughly the contradictions IZMB, Ha Nam DONRE, PC49 2 Construction or operational accidents First aid and immediately transfer the victim to the nearest Workers and residents hospital if necessary Having warning signs Contractors, CETP, Hoa Making record of the accident Mac IZMB 3 Failure operation of CETP Storage the untreated WW, building bio-pond if possible CETP, Hoa Mac IZMB Have back-up equipments/facilities Having the danger signs and report to authorities Avoid over waste loading from enterprise’s WW Training the staff on operation, regularly monitoring Check the design and prepare the new unit of CETP Prepare for accidental response action plan 4 Improper sludge disposal Contract with relative permitted agencies to disposal CETP sludge properly if they are found to be hazardous to environment and human health Report and check frequently all emitted amount of sludge Issue the strict penalties for violation cases 5 Fires Inform authorities (in particular, is that fire police). Contractors, Rescue the objects in the danger zone. tenants/industries, CETP, Actively isolate the fore with the existing facilities on site. Hoa Mac IZMB Support under the guidance of the functional units until Contractors, CETP, Hoa they are present at the scene (especially in situations detect Mac IZMB, industries mines, explosion caused by chemical substances etc). Support functional units, local government to set up Contractors, security perimeter around hazardous areas. tenants/industries, CETP, Hoa Mac IZMB Check the conditions of fire and explosion safety on site, Contractors, ensuring the problem does not continue tenants/industries, CETP, 110 Suspension of work if they violate conditions of fire safety Hoa Mac IZMB 6 Electric accidents Disconnect power sources in the incident area and Contractors, surrounding areas. tenants/industries, CETP, Immediate rescue the objects in the danger zone. Hoa Mac IZMB Explore the causes of accidents, checking power sources, wires and contacts etc. Make records of accidents Contractors, tenants/industries, CETP, Hoa Mac IZMB 7 Floods Disconnect power sources in the incident area; Contractors, Immediately transfer the machinery out of the floodplain to tenants/industries, CETP, avoid damaging by water. Hoa Mac IZMB Implement measures in any way to prevent flood water into WW storage area to prevent it mixing with floodwater that cause secondary pollution. 111 4.13. COMMUNICATION PROGRAM TO THE COMMUNITY AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS The Investor shall make, submit and popularize the EMP in the Headquarter of People’s Committees of Chau Giang Commune, Trac Van Commune and Hoa Mac Town during the process of construction and operation of Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP, Phase 1 for public awareness, supervision and test. The EMP consists of the following contents: Organization and operation of the departments in charge of environmental protection of the project Planning education, raising public awareness on environmental protection of the project; The Investor’s responsibilities for implementation of the solutions, impact mitigation measures, prevention and response to environmental incidents during the construction phase and operation of WW treatment systems; Planning and operation of environmental protection facilities; Planning and monitoring of emissions; monitoring ambient environment and other contents during the construction phase and as the CETP is officially operated. 4.14. TRAINING To strengthen the capacity to respond to environmental incidents which may occur in Hoa Mac IZ’s CETP, Phase 1, the Investor will implement the following measures: - The workers who directly work at the CETP shall be trained and guide in terms of fire & explosion prevention measures. - Organization of training, assigning tasks to respond to the CETP’s non-operation. However, this problem can be prevented by periodic inspection of the technical condition of the operating equipment, timely repairing and replace damaged machinery, and the workers are trained fully in term of engineering aspects. - Equipping with sufficient tools and personal protection equipment to workers in line with their jobs and on basis of labor outline in each operation stage. - Training and guidance for workers on labor safety in the Plant. - To know about the safety of the plant. On the other hand , IZ Management Board will coordinate with the Safety Committee of the Department of Labor , War Invalids and Social Affairs of Henan Province training safety rules and operation of specific equipment of each stage of production to workers actually grasp and understand its working position need to do to CETP operation is safe - Training and guidance for workers to know to operate the Plant safely. On the other hand, the Investor shall coordinate with the Labor Safety Committee of the Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs of Ha Nam Province to provide trainings on safety rules and operation of specific equipment in each stage of production to facilitate the workers to actually understand their working position and steps to do to secure safety in production; 112 In addition to the above solution, the plans are issued and applied to comprehensively mitigate impacts of pollutants to the worker’s health in the CETP as follows: - To well implement the periodic health examinations to the officers and workers in the Plant; - To make sure the microclimate factors and working conditions issued by the Ministry of Health to secure the health of workers - To control noise under the regulations to prevent from occupational diseases caused by the production process - To train and supply the information on safety and hygiene. 4.15. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE IZ AND CETP 4.15.1. Division of Environmental Affairs Division of Environmental Affairs is directly under Hoa Mac IZ Management Unit with the following designated functions and obligations: 4.15.1.1. Functions To advise the Director on environmental management, WW treatment plant of the Company and implement environmental consulting services to clients. To propose plans, solutions and implementation organization for environmental works, the operation of the WW treatment plant and environmental consulting services to the companies inside and outside Hoa Mac IZ. To coordinate with other functional units and customers to closely manage the environment affairs of the IZ under "the Regulation for industrial parks, processing zones, hi-tech parks" attached to the Decree No. 36/CP dated 24th April 2007 of the Government and the current regulations. To organize implementation of operations of the CETP and others relating to the environment in the IZ. To test, monitor, operate and restore any incidents of the Station and ww quality of the plants and tenants in Hoa Mac IZ before discharging to the CETP. To bear responsibilities for treating ww of Hoa Mac IZ to reach Vietnamese Environment Standards before discharging to the environment. To manage, operate and exploit functions of the CETPs to secure their effective operations. 4.15.1.2. Obligations To construct plans, to organize operations of CETP and projects, economic contracts related to the environment affairs to submit to the Director for approval and to organize implementation. To monitor by records, to check and supervise land lessees’ compliance with the Environmental Protection Act; to correctly follow the Business Registration Certificate. To apply the Quality Management System ISO 14001:2004 in the Company To exploit available resources, the effect of innovations, advances in science, technology and environment in business of the CETP to manage, operate and exploit the Station effectively 113 To test, monitor and restore incidents and quality of WW of the CETP and units, plants in the IZ. To treat WW of Hoa Mac IZ to reach Vietnamese Environment Standards before discharging to the environment To coordinate with the Department of Engineering Infrastructure in maintenance of infrastructure works and technical troubleshooting of WW systems in the Company’s control. To coordinate with and implement the environmental consulting services; to purchase and sell scrap; to provide design consultancy, construction supervision services to connect to the WW system of the Investors in Hoa Mac IZ and clients under the signed economic – engineering – technology – environment contracts. To carry out other duties as assigned by the Company's Director. To implement the Regulations on Organization and Operation of the Company to promote production and business To construct operation plans, develop business in line with each phase and assigned duties to submit the Director for approval and to organize implementation. To exploit all available resources, to research applications, initiatives and technological, scientific advances to operate and exploit the machinery and equipment in business To implement design consulting services, connection, construction, and construction supervision to connect to the WW system of the Investors in Hoa Mac IZ To operate and maintain WW infrastructure and the CETP under the Company’s control. To effectively manage and exploit assets, capitals assigned by the Company in the principle of continuous improvement of efficiency in production and business. To correctly comply with the communication – reporting regulations and requirements of the Company 4.15.2. Departments working in the CETP 4.15.2.1. Functions To manage and monitor compliance with the environmental regulations under "the Regulation for industrial parks, processing zones, hi-tech parks" attached to the Decree No. 36/CP dated 24th April 2007 of the Government. To advise the Director of the Company on matters relating to the environment work of Hoa Mac IZ; to organize implementation of operations of the CETP and others relating to the environment in the IZ. To test, monitor, operate and restore any incidents of the Station and ww quality of the plants and tenants in Hoa Mac IZ before discharging to the CETP. To bear responsibilities for treating WW of Hoa Mac IZ to reach Vietnamese Environment Standards before discharging to the environment. To manage, operate and exploit functions of the CETP to secure their effective operations 4.15.2.2. Obligations To implement the Regulations on Organization and Operation of the Company to promote production and business To construct operation plans, develop business in line with each phase and assigned duties to submit the Director for approval and to organize implementation. 114 To exploit all available resources, to research applications, initiatives and technological, scientific advances to operate and exploit the machinery and equipment in business To implement design consulting services, connection, construction, and construction supervision to connect to the WW system of the Investors in Hoa Mac IZ- Phase 1 To operate and maintain WW infrastructure and the CETP under the Company’s control. To effectively manage and exploit assets, capitals assigned by the Company in the principle of continuous improvement of efficiency in production and business. To carry out other obligations assigned by the Board of Directors Supervisor 01 people Lab staff Operational staffs Maintenance staff 01 people 03 people 01 people 4.16. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM Purposes - To control impacts during the construction phase, which is shown in the EIA report and to check compliance with the environmental standards. - To check implementation of environmental protection measures during construction and operation phases on basis of approved EIA report. - To propose additional mitigation measures if discovery of new impacts. - To require the Investors to coordinate with the Government’s environmental organizations in the local and central levels to solve the existing problems related to environmental protection in the responsibility of the project. - To assess effectiveness of impact mitigation measures before construction and operations of the Project. - To monitor the environment in the construction and operation phases in 4 levels. 4.16.1. Monitoring compliance with mitigation measures and environmental standards After EIA is appraised by Vietnam Environment Protection Fund (VEPF) and WB, construction site-specific environment management plans (CEMPs) shall be developed on basis of EMPs by the Investor. When the CETP is operated, it is required to prepare and submit the reports on current status of environmental quality to VEPF and WB, including summary of key environment management issues, mitigation measures, implemented actions and results as well as compliance with the Regulations and Standards on Environment. 4.16.2. On basis of the Community’s monitoring The community shall monitor the projects in their process to secure their CETP to comply with the regulations on environmental and social affairs to risks issues of environment pollution and serious health to humans and ecosystems. 115 Making monitoring methods in the spirit of voluntary reporting solving urgent problems When environmental degradation occurs, local people and authorities will report to the agencies. 4.16.3. Monitoring the Project’s completion of indexes IZ Infrastructure Development Company is responsible for reporting the following information to the Department of Natural Resources every six months: − Health indexes of workers; − Water quality in the receiving source; − Quality of ambient water environment; − Effective operations of the CETP (WW and sludge treatment) − New impacts and risks to the environment and health. − Reports on WW discharge to submit to division of water resource management directly under the Department of Natural Resources & Environment (DONRE). − To monitor environment quality to send to DONRE − To report hw management to send to SW Management Division of DONRE. 4.16.4. Environment Quality Monitoring (EQM) Indexes Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP) is carried out in 2 phases: Construction phase (it is proposed to extand in 1 year), operations of the CETP are shown in Table 5.5. For other indicators, the ETP manager must measure other targets on basis of the required list in the EIA license. The location monitoring maps and GPS information should be included in the EMP reports. Table 0-5. Environmental Monitoring Program I CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1 Monitoring of air quality and noise Parameters and Once for 3 months or at the time of accident: PM10, total frequency particles, noise (24 hours in average) NOx, SO2, CO Position Proposed location of CETP Compared to QCVN 06:2008, QCVN 26:2010 2 Monitoring of groundwater quality Parameters and Once for 6 months; pH, color, hardness, SS, Cl-, NH4+, frequency Xyanua, NO3-, NO2-, Sulfate, Fe, Mn, As, E.Coli, Total Coliform; Position 01 location in the Project’s site Compared to QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT 3 Monitoring of WW quality Parameters and Once for every 3 months; pH, BOD5, COD, SS, Ammonium, frequency Phosphate, Chloride, surface active agents, oil and grease Position 1 proposed position at the tents for workers Compared to QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT II OPERATION PHASE (This Program shall be implemented simultaneously with the monitoring program of IZ. 116 Therefore, some repeated parameters and position may be cancelled to avoid repetation) 6. Monitoring of air quality Parameters and Once for 6 months or at the time of acciden: temperature, frequency dust, noise (24 hours in average), CO, SO2, NO2, NH3, H2S, CH4, VOC Position Proposed location of CETP Compared to QCVN 06:2008, QCVN 26:2010 7. Monitoring of surface water/river quality Parameters and Once for 3 months in the first operation year frequency Once for 6 months in the following years or at the time of accident: pH, DO, BOD5, COD, SS, Coliform, turbidity, oil and grease, N-NH4, N-NO3-, Cl-, P-PO43-, SO42-, heavy metals (As, Pb, Hg, Cd, Ni, Cr (III), Cr (VI), Cu, Mn), and surface active agents. If AMS is applied, such indexes as pH, TSS and COD shall be automatically measured in case of incident or accident. Position 4. 1 km upstream of discharge point of CETP 5. Discharge point of CETP 6. 1 km downstream of the discharge point of CETP Compared to QCVN 08:2008 Monitoring of groundwater quality Parameters and Once for 6 months: pH, TDS, turbidity, hardness, N-NO3, N- 8. frequency NO2, total Fe, Cl-, N-NH3, SO42-, E. Coli, Coliform Position Groundwater near the CETP Compared to QCVN 09:2008 9. Monitoring of WW quality Parameters and AMS: pH, COD, TSS, and flow rate (continually monitoring) frequency at effluent discharge point. Once per month in the first operation year of the CETP Once for 3 months as the system is operated stably: temperature, pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, color, N-NH4, total N, total P, alkali, KLN (As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr (III), Cr (VI), Cu, Mn, Sn), oil and grease, total CN-, total phenol, chloride, sulfur, fluoride, residual chloride, total pesticide (organic chloride and phosphorus or organic matters), total PCB and coliform. Position 1. Influent of CETP 2. Effluent of CETP Compared to QCVN 40:2011 10. Monitoring of sludge quality Parameters and Once per month in the first operation year frequency Once for 3 months: pH, Pb, As, Cd, Hg, Al, total Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, phenol, PAH, total nitrogen, total phosphate, CN-, và Coliform. Daily monitoring the quantity of waste sludge Position 1. In sludge dryer yards 2. In the sludge treatment area 117 Compared to TCVN 7629:2007, QCVN 03: 2008 4.16.5. Automatic monitoring Automatic monitoring is carried out by the CETP at two levels: (i) to monitor the pretreatment standards, i.e. the quality of industrial ww in each enterprise before connecting to the CETP (ii) to monitor operations of the CETP. The CETP have their own laboratory to monitor the water quality parameters, at least simple parameters and to monitor suspected pollutants of tenants in the IZ. a. Monitoring pretreatment standards CETP staff will examine the pretreatment standards of tenants in the IZ in local treatment station’s outlet before signing a contract with them for WW treatment. The pretreatment standards will be determined by the CETP and varied on each case, depending on treatment capacity, technology and WW treatment unit price. In all of cases, the required tenants must treat the WW to reach type B, the Regulation QCVN 40: 2011. However, Domestic WW can be directly connected to the CETP after collecting by septic tanks in their plants. The CETP staff shall check pretreatment standards regularly to secure no overloading treatment capacity and to avoid illegal discharging to the WW system. If the tenants fail to comply with pretreatment standards, punishment measures shall be applied such as administrative sanctions, temporary suspension of the treatment contracts or water supply applied to the tenants. As tenants build their WW systems, they must report and be approved by the IZ Management Unit the discharging points to the general drainage system of the IZ. The construction process will be supervised by the the CETP and IZ Management Unit staff. Therefore, the CETP staff has to clearly know the exact location of the connection of each enterprise and easily sample the WW in any time. b. Monitoring efficiency of the CETP The CETP shall have its own laboratory in the region to measure the (minimal) main water quality parameters such as pH, DO, COD, BOD, TSS, VSS, VFA, SVI, water flow. The CETP’s laboratory shall use the standard analysis methods and apply QA/QC procedure. The CETP owns an operating manual supplied and trained by experts on the CETP construction consultancy. During the operation phase, the staff shall monitor and record all operating parameters in the Operation Diary and hand over to the next shift. This procedure will help the CETP staff soon discover any risks and factors impacting the treatment process and timely implement corrective measures. Operation records of the CETP include the following times (for each shift). They are compared with best technical requirements and operational practices: - Changes of input flow rate (total flow rate, minimal and maximal flow rate); - The change of the characteristics of flow rates or quality of WW in the treatment tank (temperature, pH, ORP, BOD, COD, SS (suspended solids), volatile solids VSS, SVI, DO, color, etc); - Changes in process operation, which can be generated by: weight changes, the presence of non- biodegradable components, the decomposed composition ratio MLSS in Aerotank, change of generated sludge and circulated sludge, change in sudden temperature and lack of nutrients, etc. 118 - Used chemical dose (i.e. NaOH, H2SO4, NaOCl, polymer, aluminum, nutrients, etc); - Generated sludge; - Operational status, the accident of the device, the operating time of the operating device and spare parts - Electricity consumption level; - Schedule of equipment maintenance (such as device codes, working hours, accidents, causes, solutions, cleaning, oil changes, etc.) - Results of the AMS, i.e. minimum, maximum, mean value of pH, flow rate, SS, COD; - Change of effluent concentration (BOD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, coliforms, TS and other related parameters); 4.17. EXPECTED EXPENSE AND IMPLEMENTATION TIME OF THE EMP A summary of the proposed budget for environmental management, mitigation and monitoring measures which are presented for each activity in the below main EMP: - Mitigation measures; - Training environment; - Environment monitoring expense during the construction and operation of the CETP. Table 0-6. Expected expense of EMP in the construction phase and first year of operation Unit of Account: VND No. Description Expense Capitals Implementation of mitigation measures Included in the IDA 1 Contract Environment training for the CETP 30,000,000 Counterpart capital 2 operation Monitoring the environment quality 20,000,000 Counterpart capital 3 during construction period (1 year) Monitoring the environment quality in 50,000,000 Counterpart capital 4 the first operation year of the CETP Environment Protection fee 20,000,000 Counterpart capital 5 Installation and annual operation of the 6 Automatic Monitoring System (AMS) for 654,886,364 IDA CETP Total 774,886,364 Estimated typical cost for annual monitoring is about 70,000, 000 vnd. 119 CHAPTER 5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 5.1. OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION 5.1.1. For appraisal authorities To assist the appraisal authorities to have more holistic view on the Project on basis of views of the local goverments and impacted communitites to help evaluate more effectively. 5.1.2. For the project owner To receive the feedbacks of local authorities and impacted community to have more practical additional assessment and to propose appropriate and effective mitigation measures. At the same time, to bear responsibilities for the full implementation of the mitigation measures to minimize adverse impacts of the Project 5.1.3. For the Consulting Agencies To receive the feedback of local authorities and impacted community to have more practical additional assessment and to propose appropriate and effective mitigation measures. 5.1.4. For the People’s Committee and Committee of Vietnam Fatherland’s Front in commune level To assist the leaders of the People’s Committee and Committee of Vietnam Fatherland’s Front in commune level to have better understanding about the project in the following aspects: The achieved benefits when implementing the project, the Project’s impacts environment and possible mitigation measures for the project. Besides, to create opportunities for local governments to raise issues and concerns for the project 5.1.5. For the impacted communities To help the impacted communities to have better understanding about the project in the following aspects: The achieved benefits when implementing the project, the Project’s impacts environment and possible mitigation measures for the project. Besides, to create opportunities for the impacted communities to raise issues and concerns for the project. 5.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION IMPLEMENTATION 5.2.1. Interviewees The People’s Committee and Committee of Vietnam Fatherland’s Front of Hoa Mac Town, Chau Giang Commune and Trac Van Commune. The surrounding local people who are impacted by the Project. 5.2.2. Implementation methods The Investor shall send the written summary of the Project to the People’s Committee and Committee of Vietnam Fatherland’s Front of concerned communes for comments. The Investor shall direct interview and collect the opinions of impacted people by ready-made forms. 120 5.3. CONSULTATION RESULTS 5.3.1. Consultation results in Hoa Mac Town, Chau Giang Commune and Trac Van Commune Details of the consultation results to the People’s Committee and Committee of Vietnam Fatherland’s Front of Hoa Mac Town, Chau Giang Commune and Trac Van Commune are included in the Appendix. Below is summary of some of the main content of the consultation process. 5.3.1.1. Adverse impacts of the Project on the natural environment, socio-economic aspects After reviewing the attached summary documents for consultations, the People’s Committee and Committee of Vietnam Fatherland’s Front of Hoa Mac Town, Chau Giang Commune and Trac Van Commune agree with the Project’s negative impact assessment on the natural environment and socio-economic aspects. These are true and practical assessment to the actual situation of the localities. 5.3.1.2. The Project’s Environment Impact Mitigation Measures After reviewing the characteristics of the effluent and mitigation measures presented by the Investor, the People’s Committee and Committee of Vietnam Fatherland’s Front of Hoa Mac Town, Chau Giang Commune and Trac Van Commune agree with these solutions. They are mitigation measures suitable to the effluents generated by “1.500 m3 / day CETP Project in Hoa Mac IZ, Phase I” 5.3.1.3. Recommendations to the Investor The Investor has to comply with the laws and regulations during the construction and operation phases; The Investor has to ensure public order and security during construction and operation phases; The Investor has to warrant collecting and treating WW to meet standards for entire Hoa Mac IZ. 5.3.2. Interview results The contents of 24 questionnaires distributed to the households on the project of “Construction CETP with capacity of 1,500 m3/day at Hoa Mac IZ, Phase I, module 1” show the fact that 21 out of 24 households agree with the Project and 3 out of 24 families have no idea. Please see the Appendix for details in these questionnaires. 121 Table 5-1. Results of public consultation Is affected by the project Birt Gend Occupati Water Air No Name h Address Incom Othe Conclusion er on sources Qualit Health year e rs y Hoa Mac Town – Duy Tien District – Ha Nam Province Vu Xuan Well- 1 Male 1971 Hoa Mac town No No No No Agree Truong Protector water Vu Van Well- 2 Male 1962 Hoa Mac town Protector No No No No Agree Giang water Tran Minh Fema Excavato Well- Little 3 1982 Hoa Mac town No No No Agree Vuong le r water effect Pham Van Well- 4 Male 1968 Hoa Mac town Farmer No No No No Agree Bang water Nguyen Well- No No 5 Trung Male 1965 Hoa Mac town Farmer No No No option water option option Thuan Nguyen Huy Well- 6 Male 1971 Hoa Mac town Farmer Yes No No No Agree Hieu water Nguyen Van Well- 7 Male 1968 Hoa Mac town Farmer No No No No Agree Sy water Dang Quang Well- 8 Male 1976 Hoa Mac town Farmer No No No No Agree Tien water Chau Giang Commune – Duy Tien District – Ha Nam Van Kenh Well- Little 9 Le Van Sau Male 1976 Worker No No No No option village water effect 122 Is affected by the project Birt Gend Occupati Water Air No Name h Address Incom Othe Conclusion er on sources Qualit Health year e rs y Pham Van Chuyen Thien Well- 10 Male 1961 Worker No No No No Agree Binh village water Pham Van Chuyen Thien Well- Little 11 Male 1970 Farmer No No No Agree Thanh village water effect Nghiem Thi Fema Van Kenh Well- 12 1982 Farmer No No No No Agree Huyen le village water Pham Quoc Van Kenh Well- Little 13 Male 1962 Protector No No No No option Doan village water effect Nghiem Thi Fema Well- 14 1971 Dong village Teacher No No No No Agree Van le water Luu Van Van Kenh Well- 15 Male 1971 Famer No No No No Agree Thuy village water Luu Van Van Kenh Well- 16 Male 1969 Famer No No No No Agree Thuy village water Trac Van Commune – Duy Tien District – Ha Nam Province Nguyen Van Well- Small 17 Male 1964 Lat Ha village Protector No No No Agree Luc water effect Nguyen Van Village Well- 18 Male 1962 Lat Ha village No No No No Agree Khiet chiefs water 123 Is affected by the project Birt Gend Occupati Water Air No Name h Address Incom Othe Conclusion er on sources Qualit Health year e rs y Hoang Thi Fema Well- 19 1972 Lat Ha village Famer No No No No Agree Quyen le water Nguyen Thi Fema Well- 20 1992 Lat Ha village Pupil No No No No Agree Huong le water Dang Van Well- 21 Male 1968 Lat Ha village Famer No No No No Agree Chinh water Nguyen Van Well- 22 Male 1968 Lat Ha village Famer No No No No Agree Tinh water Nguyen Van Well- 23 Male 1972 Lat Ha village Famer No No No No Agree Diep water Hoang Van Well- 24 Male 1956 Lat Ha village Famer No No No No Agree Luan water 124 5.4. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE EIA reports of the project “Construction CETP with capacity of 1,500 m3/day at Hoa Mac IZ, Phase I, module 1” shall be sent by the Investor to be listed publicly in the headquarters of the People's Committee of Chau Giang Commune, Trac Van Commune and Hoa Mac town for public awareness, supervision. In addition, the EMP is publicized in the headquarter of Vietnam Environment Protection Fund (VEPF), Infoshop in Washington DC and at Vietnam Development Information Center (VDIC) 5.5. THE INVESTOR’S COMMITMENTS The Investor warrants meeting Vietnam Environmental Regulations during construction and operation phases, including: + Ambient air environment: The pollutants discharged to the environment must meet the Vietnamese Regulations on Ambient Air Quality (QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT) + Noise: generated during the operation phase of the project will meet noise regulations in the public and residential areas (QCVN 26:2010/BTMNT) + The treated effluent: must meet the Vietnamese Regulations on Industrial WW, Column A, Kq = 0.9 ; Kf = 1.0 + Solid waste: All SW will be collected, classified by hired functional firms under the regulations. + Waste sludge: is dewatered and transported to the disposal area in accordance with laws + HW: is stored in the areas with safe roof and collected, treated by hired functional firms + Hazardous and non-hazardous wastes are collected and transported to the designated treatment site in accordance with safety and hygiene requirements. To warrant managing solid waste in line with the Decree No. 59/2007/NĐ-CP on management of sw; the Circular No. 12/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 14th April 2011 of MONRE on management of HW; The Investor warrants applying incident prevention and pollution mitigation measures as presented in the reports and to intensify trainings to the officers to improve their environmental management capacity and to ensure to operate the CETP safely, effectively and environmentally friendly. The Investor warrants that the WW collection system is connected to all land lessees as the CETP is officially operated. The Investor warrants that the CETP only has one regular discharging outlet and one standby discharging outlet. The Investor shall bear full responsibilities to the Vietnamese laws if violating the International Conventions, the Vietnam Standards and for any incidents causing environmental pollution, if any. 125