Report No: ACS12422 Republic of Indonesia Strengthening the Indonesia National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center (NAWASIS) for Improved Planning March 2015 GWASE EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. 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All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e- mail pubrights@worldbank.org. ii Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 Table of Contents Acronyms Executive Summary 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Purpose of the report .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Report structure and content ...................................................................................... 1 2 Context ................................................................................................................................ 1 3 Description of the NAWASIS technical assistance .............................................................. 3 4 Development of the NAWASIS Info Instrument ................................................................. 6 4.1 General development .................................................................................................. 6 4.2 NAWASIS Info module development ........................................................................... 8 4.2.1 Modular data entry as a basic NAWASIS Info principle ....................................... 8 4.2.2 Finalisation of the DAK Module............................................................................ 8 4.2.3 Regional consultation module.............................................................................. 9 4.2.4 Development of the Sector Performance Module ............................................... 9 4.2.5 Household WSS Access Survey Module ............................................................. 10 4.2.6 WSS Overlay Map ............................................................................................... 11 4.3 Development of NAWASIS Info operationalization supporting documents ............. 12 5 NAWASIS Info integration and Consolidation ................................................................... 13 5.1 Indicator definition and data collection .................................................................... 13 5.2 Cross-system data collaboration ............................................................................... 16 6 Strengthening Local Government capacity for WSS data management .......................... 17 6.1 Identifying a Household–Based WSS Data Management Model .............................. 18 6.2 Regional WSS data management horizontal learning ............................................... 18 6.3 Data Management pilots in three districts/municipalities in West Sumatra province ............................................................................................................................... 19 6.4 Conclusions with respect to capacity building .......................................................... 20 6.5 Key challenges with respect to capacity building and WSS sector monitoring ......... 21 6.5.1 At the district/municipal government level ....................................................... 21 6.5.2 At the provincial government level .................................................................... 21 6.5.3 At the national government level ...................................................................... 21 7 Knowledge sharing and awareness building on WSS sector monitoring .......................... 22 8 Future of NAWASIS ........................................................................................................... 23 9 Conclusions, Key Issues and Recommendations............................................................... 25 9.1 Summary of conclusions ............................................................................................ 25 9.2 Key issues and recommendations ............................................................................. 25 9.3 The future of NAWASIS .............................................................................................. 27 iii Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 Acronyms AMPL Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (Air minum dan penyehatan lingkungan) APBD Local Government Budget (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah) APBN Central Government Budget (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara) AusAID Australian Agency for International Development (now DFAT) AWPB Annual Workplan and Budget BAKD MOHA DG for Local Government Financial Administration BAPPEDA Provincial/District Planning Agency (Badan Perencanaan Daerah) BAPPENAS National Planning Agency BPPSPAM Water Supply System Development and Support Agency NSA National Statistics Agency (Badan Pusat Statistic, BPS) STBM Community Led Total Sanitation (Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat) DAK Special Budget Allocations/Grant (Dana Alokasi Khusus) DFAT Australian Department for Foreign Affairs and Trade (former AusAID) DPRD Provincial/District Legislative Assembly GIZ German Bilateral Society for International Cooperation IndII Indonesian Infrastructure Initiative (funded by Australia) ISSDP Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program KDP Kecamatan (Subdistrict) Development Program (World Bank) LG Local Government M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MDG Millennium Development Goal MIS Management Information System MoE Ministry of Environment MoF Ministry of Finance MoH Ministry of Health MoHA Ministry of Home Affairs MPW Ministry of Public Works MTEF Medium-Term Expenditure Framework NAWASIS National Water and Sanitation Services NGO Non Government Organisation PAMSIMAS Third Water Supply and Sanitation for Low Income Communities Project (WSLIC III) PDAM District Water Supply Company (Perusahan Daerah Air Minum) PDD Program Design Document PERPAMSI Water Supply Association of Indonesia PMD Directorate General of Village and Community Empowerment PNPM National Program of Community Development WSS-WG National Water and Environment Sanitation Working Group (Kelompok Kerja Air Minum dan Penyehatan Lingkungan) PPSP Urban Sanitation Development Acceleration Programme (Program Percepatan Sanitasi Perkotaan) RENSTRA Strategic Plan (Rencana Strategis) RPIJM Medium-term Investment Development Plan RPJM Medium-term Development Plans SHAW-SIMAVI Sanitation, Hygiene and Water Project of the organization Simavi SOE State Owned Enterprise SUSENAS National Socio-Economic Survey iv Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 SWAp Sector Wide Approach ToT Training of Trainers UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund WASPOLA Water Supply and Sanitation Policy Formulation and Action Planning Facility Facility WB World Bank WHO World Health Organisation WSES Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation WSP Water and Sanitation Program of the World Bank WSS Water Supply and Sanitation v Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 Executive summary Access to reliable, accurate and timely data and information on WSS services continues to be a challenge in Indonesia. Ensuring universal access (100% access to improved water and sanitation) by 2019 means that reliable sector information will become even more important. Recognizing this, the Government of Indonesia initiated efforts, in 2010, to establish an institutionalized and funded framework for a national water supply and sanitation monitoring system. In 2012, responsibility for this early system was transferred to the National Water and Sanitation Services (NAWASIS) Centre under the National Water and Sanitation Working Group. The NAWASIS Centre has three focus areas: (1) data and information; (2) capacity building, and; (3) advocacy and communication. The monitoring instrument, called NAWASIS Info, is a modular part of the overall services provided by the NAWASIS Centre and falls under its first focus area, data and information. The NAWASIS Info module is meant to:  Generate a reliable and easily accessible set of water and sanitation data, based on standardized indicators linked to sector planning;  Help to systematically monitor WSS sector progress;  Measure institutional performance — of public service providers as well as users of public WSS funds;  Support a more equitable allocation of limited WSS financial resources based on accurate and up-to-date data (ie: allocation of Special Allocation Funds [DAK]);  Increase sector transparency;  Generate more interest and resources for water and sanitation generally. Recognizing the significant efforts needed to consolidate WSS sector monitoring and generally strengthen the role of the NAWASIS Centre in data and information management, technical assistance was provided through the Water and Sanitation Programme’s “poor inclusive sector reform” business area to the NAWASIS Centre to achieve four key outcomes. These outcomes, along with the indicators and summary of progress made, is presented in the table below: Table 1: Results framework of NAWASIS (taken from Project Concept Note). Intermediate Outcome(s) Indicator(s) Progress towards achieving outcome (s) Outcome 1:  WSS DAK module finalized in  Module finalized but not yet Policy/strategy informed September 2013, and utilized to approved for use estimate DAK allocation for FY 2014. Outputs: NAWASIS Info  MPW’s Regional Consultation  Module developed but development System further developed module developed, tested, and stopped and responsibility in accordance with utilized in Regional Consultation transferred to PPSP stakeholders’ needs and event in 2014. priorities.  Sector Performance module finalized  Module under development but not in October 2013 and utilized by yet fully operational relevant stakeholders at national level by 2014. Outcome 2: Client  200 participants attend, successfully  At least 200 persons have capacity increased complete capacity building activities participated in CB activities in 2013-2014 Outputs: Regions’  At least 30% of all districts/cities  Districts are not yet inputting WSS capacities improved in regularly input and update advanced data on a regular basis data management, in WSS data into NAWASIS Info by 2014 particular utilizing  Selected, high-priority, basic WSS  Districts are not yet inputting WSS vi Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 NAWASIS data and info data inputted by at least 330 data on a regular basis modules districts/cities by 2014. Outcome 3: Knowledge  NAWASIS data and information  Introduced to 400 districts/municipal deepened modules introduced to 33 provinces governments in Indonesia by 2013 Outputs: Awareness  Demand from provinces and districts  Additional requests for NAWASIS among stakeholders of for accurate, relevant WSS data and monitoring have been received, but the importance of information is reflected in letters of no commitments made yet accurate, timely WSS commitment to utilize NAWASIS Info data, and of NAWASIS as as one instrument for their data an integrated data management by 2014 management instrument is created. Outcome 4: Innovative  Established sector database, utilizing  The web-based NAWASIS database is approaches, solutions online web-based data entry, which not yet fully functional generated is endorsed by relevant ministries/agencies and Outputs: NAWASIS Info programs/projects, August 2013 database integrated with existing relevant databases/systems. While progress has been made towards achieving the expected outcomes under the TA, there have been significant challenges as well. Good progress was made towards the consolidation of NAWASIS Info as a potentially useful tool for WSS sector monitoring; the key word here is ‘potentially’. Five specific purpose modules have been developed and tested on the ground, and interest has been generated for using and applying these modules. Manuals (SOPs and guidelines) exist to assist users who want to use apply them. Efforts have also been made to consolidate the approach to WSS data and information collection; this includes trying to develop consensus on the main indicators for measuring WSS status, promoting the concept of cross-system data collaboration, and generally encouraging WSS sector information sharing to a much larger extent than is currently the case. Progress has also been made in developing the local government capacity for WSS monitoring, with the up-scaling of the household-based WSS data management model. Demand has been generated for improved WSS sector monitoring as a result of an increased knowledge and awareness of the importance of useful and reliable data for decision-making. At the national level, all key ministries have been exposed to NAWASIS Info, and there is an increased understanding of and agreement on the need for a national WSS sector monitoring system, in particular at the operation levels. All of the main WSS non- government programmes are also aware of the system. Through participation in various events over the past two years, the NAWASIS team has managed to present the system to up to 400 district / municipal governments. Despite the extensive efforts undertaken during the course of this TA, formal acceptance and approval of NAWASIS Info as a national WSS sector monitoring tool is pending. While this is due to a number of reasons, the most relevant is that monitoring continues to be seen as a ‘sector’ responsibility, and the philosophy promoted by NAWASIS, of having a monitoring system that is cross sector, collaborative and based on open sharing and easily accessible information, is still a relatively new concept that will require some time to be fully accepted. vii Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 Clearly, continued effort will be needed to shift NAWASIS Info from a ‘potentially’ useful instrument to one that is actively and broadly applied throughout the country to generate useful and accurate WSS monitoring data. Further efforts are needed to generate interest in using the system, in particular at the national government level. A crucial aspect of this is continuing to demonstrate the utility of the system to an increasingly larger audience — generating increased ‘buy in’ from both government and other partners (ie: donors). While local governments in particular have received substantial support in developing their capacity for WSS sector monitoring, Indonesia is a large country with many local governments, and the TA efforts, given the scale of the task at hand, have been relatively limited. Continued and concerted efforts will be needed to ensure that the good progress made to date is sustained. Although the TA was designed to further develop WSS sector monitoring on the many critical issues mentioned above, one of the key lessons learned is that developing a clear understanding of WSS sector monitoring and how to best achieve it is a long process that requires a great deal of patience, repetition and time viii Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the report This report summarizes the main achievements of technical assistance (TA) provided under the Water Supply and Sanitation Policy Formulation and Action Planning (WASPOLA) Facility1 to the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services (NAWASIS) Centre from October 2012 to December 2014 to further consolidate the water supply and sanitation (WSS) data and information management instrument (NAWASIS Info) as a modular part of the overall services provided by the Centre. It highlights some of the continued challenges of effective WSS monitoring, and proposes strategies for further WSS data and information management development. 1.2 Report structure and content This reports is divided into nine sections. The first three sections provide background information, including the report purpose, general context and description of the assistance. Sections four to seven describe the progress made in achieving the expected outcomes, while the final two sections describe the future of NAWASIS and some recommendations on moving forward. 2 Context Although access to improved water and sanitation has increased in recent years2, there are still a significant number of people who do not have adequate WSS services in Indonesia. The most recent figures (based on National Statistics Agency (NSA, Badan Pusat Statistik — BPS) data, presented by BAPPENAS on 09.12.2014) now indicate that 67.73% and 60.91% respectively have access to improved water and sanitation3. To achieve universal (100%) access by 2019 — the current government target — an additional 80 million persons will require access to water within the next five years, and about 100 million to adequate sanitation. This represents a significant challenge for the government, and in particular for the local governments, who are responsible for delivering these services. While there are many issues that need to be addressed to facilitate achievement of the universal access targets, one key challenge continues to be the lack of reliable, accurate and timely data and information on WSS services, as evidenced in the figures presented above. Poor data makes detailed planning difficult, and means that even if funds are available, they may not be used effectively. The numerous project and programme specific databases and management information systems (MIS) add to this problem — indicator definitions are not coordinated and/or jointly agreed on, baseline data standards are not set or clearly defined, and sharing of information is the exception rather than the norm. Often, the data provided by the local governments (LG) is not what is needed at the national level, or vice versa, and although the NSA does provide WSS data, this can only be used for some of the WSS sector indicators, and is not useful for detailed LG WSS planning. 1 Administered by the World Bank (WB) under TA no. P13365. 2 Values vary depending on the data source; in 2011, 43% of Indonesians had access to an improved water source (a third of this piped water) and 56% had access to improved sanitation (based on SUSENAS data; Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) figures for the same year were 84% and 59% respectively). 3 JMP figures for 2012 are 85% and 59% respectively for water and sanitation). 1 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 Recognizing this challenge, the Government of Indonesia initiated efforts to improve WSS sector monitoring. In 2010, under the Netherlands-funded Water and Sanitation Action Programme (WASAP)4, the Government took initial steps towards the establishment of an institutionalized and funded framework for a national water supply and sanitation (WSS) monitoring system, including developing key performance indicators and a management information system (MIS) at national level to guide sector policy making for the achievement of national development goals5. The WASAP-E activities ended in 2012 and the task of further developing and consolidating WSS sector data and information management was transferred to the NAWASIS Centre. This Centre, established in 20106, provides support to the WSS Working Group (WSS-WG or Kelompok Kerja Air Minum dan Penyehatan Lingkungan — PokJa AMPL7) in implementing its priorities and long-term strategies. Initially focusing primarily on communication and information, NAWASIS evolved to better respond to increasing WSS stakeholder needs and demands. Institutionally, NAWASIS is positioned under the Secretariat of the National WSS Working Group. NAWASIS is answerable to the Chairman of the National WSS Working Group and follows the Secretariat’s operating guideline and procedures in the operationalization of its programs and/or activities. In its initial development phase, NAWASIS was financed by the Australian Government through the WASPOLA Trust Fund. However in the recent years, some funding (through national Government budget APBN) has been allocated for the implementation of NAWASIS-related activities. The NAWASIS Centre focus areas are: (1) data and information; (2) capacity building, and; (3) advocacy and communication. The first area includes sector monitoring as well as a variety of information services that are of importance to the sector, such as the WSS information bulletin PERCIK, PERCIK Junior (for grade school children), a newsletter, a digital library, and a water and sanitation internet portal. A division within the structure of the WSS-WG Secretariat manages NAWASIS; when this TA commenced, it was run by a team of staff and experts and funded jointly by government (BAPPENAS) and the WASPOLA Facility. As part of the task of consolidating WSS data and information management that first began under WASAP-E, a data and information management instrument called NAWASIS Info was developed in 2012 — this instrument is a modular part of the overall services to be provided by the NAWASIS Center and falls under its first focus area, data and information. The NAWASIS Info instrument was a merger of the WASAP-E monitoring framework and the Urban Sanitation Development Acceleration Programme (USDP, Program Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Perkotaan — PPSP) monitoring system. The NAWASIS Info instrument was expected to become the WSS sector data and information hub/portal, ensuring synergy (collaboration) and consolidating data from the 4 WASAP E was one of nine sub programmes under WASAP, a trust fund held by the World Bank (WB) Indonesia and which includes both bank-executed (BE) and recipient-executed (RE) programmes; WASAP-E was one of the latter. 5 The achievements of WASAP-E are detailed in the WASAP Final Report, 2013. 6 The NAWASIS Centre was originally established in 2006 with support from PLAN Indonesia as the National Water, Sanitation and Environmental Health Information Center (PIN AMPL — Pusat Informasi Nasional Air Minum dan Penyehatan Lingkungan). In 2010 it was renamed to the National WSS Advocacy and Information Centre (PAIN — Pusat Advokasi dan Informasi Nasional) and focused on producing advocacy materials and tools for the WSS sector. 7 WSS-WG is an inter-ministerial coordinating body, which coordinates the implementation of WSS-related policies / strategies to ensure effective delivery of WSS services. Disseminating data and information on WSS is one of its tasks. 2 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 various other information systems in the WSS sector — it would be an MIS instrument capable of producing reliable and relevant WSS data, easily accessible to users. Ideally, the NAWASIS Info data could be used to measure the various WSS sector development targets and goals indicators, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) targets, and Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) targets. Accurate WSS data and information is crucial to effective sector planning and budgeting, and good data will ultimately support more effective WSS sector decision-making and policy development. An important role of NAWASIS Info was also to build synergy between the numerous stakeholders in the WSS sector; it could be used as a platform for reaching consensus on operational definition of indicators and data variables. In summary, the NAWASIS Info module was meant to:  Generate a reliable and easily accessible set of water and sanitation data, based on standardized indicators linked to sector planning;  Help to systematically monitor WSS sector progress;  Measure institutional performance — of public service providers as well as users of public WSS funds;  Support a more equitable allocation of limited WSS financial resources based on accurate and up-to-date data (ie: allocation of Special Allocation Funds [DAK]);  Increase sector transparency;  Generate more interest and resources for water and sanitation generally. Although significant progress had been made by 2012 with respect to WSS sector monitoring, further support was needed to ensure that the momentum established was not lost. In 2012, a data module on the Special Allocation Fund (DAK) was developed; the first of a number of planned modules that would be incorporated into NAWASIS Info. Potential users, however, needed to be trained, and awareness created, about the utility of such modules. Other pending tasks included: (1) simplification of the existing NAWASIS Info to make it more user friendly; (2) increased dialogue on data harmonization between the various data providers, especially with respect to some subsectors such as solid waste; (3) more intensive efforts to build LG demand for and commitment to inputting data; (4) further advocacy and capacity building efforts to effectively institutionalize WSS monitoring. Recognizing the significant additional efforts required to consolidate WSS sector monitoring and generally strengthen the overall roles of the NAWASIS Centre with a particular focus on data and information management, the Government requested technical assistance (TA) from the WASPOLA facility trust funds, to undertake this. 3 Description of the NAWASIS technical assistance The TA was intended to strengthen NAWASIS in the “design, roll-out and management of data and information towards a widely accepted, integrated, multi-purpose information service to improve water and sanitation sector development”. The TA falls under WSPs support to “Poor Inclusive Sector Reform” business area and contributes to WSP country results framework output 1, which focuses on improving the national government capacity to support a coordinated scale-up of local implementation of strategies and programmes on rural and urban water and sanitation. 3 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 While the main focus of the support was on data and information management, the TA would also provide support with regards to capacity building and advocacy and communications, where these contribute directly to the development and implementation of NAWASIS Info. This approach is reflected in the four intermediate outcomes and associated outputs. These, along with the associated indicators, are: Table 2: Detailed NAWASIS Results Framework. Intermediate Indicator(s) Progress towards achieving Outcome(s) outcome(s) Outcome 1:  WSS DAK module finalized in  Module finalized but not yet Policy/strategy September 2013, and utilized to approved for use (see section informed estimate DAK allocation for FY 4.2.2 for further details) 2014. Outputs: NAWASIS Info  MPW’s Regional Consultation  Module developed but System further module developed, tested, and development stopped and developed in utilized in Regional Consultation responsibility transferred to PPSP accordance with event in 2014. (see section 4.2.3 for further stakeholders’ needs details) and priorities.  Sector Performance module  Module under development but finalized in October 2013 and not yet fully operational (see utilized by relevant stakeholders section 4.2.4 for further details) at national level by 2014. Outcome 2: Client  200 participants attend,  At least 200 persons have capacity increased successfully complete capacity participated in CB activities building activities in 2013-2014 Outputs: Regions’  At least 30% of all districts/cities capacities improved in regularly input and update  Districts are not yet inputting data management, in advanced WSS data into WSS data on a regular basis (see particular utilizing NAWASIS Info by 2014 chapter 6 for further details) NAWASIS data and info  Selected, high-priority, basic WSS modules data inputted by at least 330  Districts are not yet inputting districts/cities by 2014. WSS data on a regular basis (see chapter 6 for further details) Outcome 3: Knowledge  NAWASIS data and information  Introduced to 400 deepened modules introduced to 33 districts/municipal governments provinces in Indonesia by 2013 Outputs: Awareness  Demand from provinces and  Additional requests for NAWASIS among stakeholders of districts for accurate, relevant monitoring have been received, the importance of WSS data and information is but no commitments made yet accurate, timely WSS reflected in letters of data, and of NAWASIS commitment to utilize NAWASIS as an integrated data Info as one instrument for their management data management by 2014 instrument is created. Outcome 4: Innovative  Established sector database,  The web-based NAWASIS approaches, solutions utilizing online web-based data database is not yet fully generated entry, which is endorsed by functional (see chapter 5 for relevant ministries/agencies and further details) Outputs: NAWASIS Info programs/projects, August 2013 database integrated with existing relevant databases/systems. 4 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 Outcomes 1 and 4 are closely linked, in that both focus on the further development and consolidation of the existing data and information system, while outcomes 2 and 3 depend, to a large extent, on successful progress in achieving outcome 1. Under outcome 1 and 4, anticipated activities were:  Finalizing, testing, and scaling up the implementation of NAWASIS Info, emphasising finalisation of the web-based Management Information System (MIS) developed under the WASAP-E program;  Developing additional “specific purpose” modules similar to the DAK module — these modules would be linked to existing financial or other incentive programs, such as the AusAID Water and Sanitation Grant Program (although an overriding principle is that the web-based NAWASIS system should encourage users to apply the same basic set of indicators and data);  Developing standard operating procedures (SOPs), and user manuals and guidelines;  Achieving consensus on the system, including for the user interface (based on the draft prepared in 2012);  Facilitating coordination between key sector agencies responsible (Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of Environment and the local governments) to jointly develop strategies for collecting the necessary data, and in particular for indicators where data is still scarce and/or unreliable such as for solid waste. Under outcomes 2 and 3, key anticipated activities were:  Providing support to a group of up to 50 local governments to input a minimum set of data into the system and to generate useful information (comparison tables and charts, maps);  Using the interest and experience generated in horizontal knowledge and learning exchanges, encouraging replication of successful experiences in other LGs and increasing demand for accurate, relevant WSS data and information. Table 3: Key progress under the TA for the main areas supported: Items Pre-TA Post-TA Sector performance Using indicators and data Adjusted towards the new WSS target module to track progress towards according to the new National Mid-Term National Mid-Term Development Plan 2015-2019 (Universal Development Plan 2010- Access) 2014 and MDGs 2015 targets WSS Household Survey Not available Operational and being used in the Module initiative to strengthen WSS Data Management in 3 pilot cities/districts of West Sumatera Province MoPW’s Regional User requirements Module’s initial design developed Consultation Module identified and analyzed WSS Overlay Digital Not available Overlay map developed, able to display Map several information (location of WSS vulnerable areas, location of STBM program, location of PAMSIMAS program) that resulted from data collaboration between Nawasis and other programs/projects LG’s data-related Not available Approximately 200 persons strengthened capacity strengthening in data-related capacities Cross-system data Initial effort to collaborate Collaboration established with STBM 5 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 collaboration with PPSP program, PAMSIMAS program, SHAW- Simavi, and PPSP WSS Data Survey Done in Bangka Done in 3 districts/cities: Pasaman (collecting WSS data at Sijunjung, and Pariaman in West Sumatera household-level) Province 4 Development of the NAWASIS Info Instrument Although the NAWASIS Info system is not yet able to provide data and information systematically to effectively inform WSS policy and strategy (outcome 1 of this TA), significant progress has been made towards consolidating the NAWASIS Info instrument for application in WSS sector progress monitoring. Key progress and achievements are described in the following sections. 4.1 General development Since 2012, NAWASIS Info has been further consolidated. It currently consists of a database and several application modules. The database functions as a place for storing data, while the application modules process, analyse and present data or indicators from the outputs of the data analysis. The basic principle of the system is quite simple. Data from various sources, including data input directly by district/municipal governments and data that have been collected through other monitoring and evaluation systems are consolidated and stored in a single database. These data can then be used for various purposes, through application modules that are specially designed to address the particular needs of NAWASIS Info users. The simple diagram below shows how this works: 6 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 Figure 1. NAWASIS Flow of Data and Information Tracking sector performance (Sector Performance module, see section 4.2.4) LGs input data Estimating DAK allocation into Nawasis (DAK module, see section 4.2.2) WSS Sector WSS overlay mapping module Shared data from Database (see section 4.2.6) other Information System Tracking household WSS access (see section 4.2.5) Regional consultation module (see section 4.2.3) Over time, it is expected that NAWASIS Info will expand with further input from key WSS sector stakeholders. Therefore, a development path for NAWASIS Info is being developed, so that at some point in the future, NAWASIS Info will grow into a WSS sector expert system, as illustrated below: Figure 2. NAWASIS as an expert system  The generic MIS is an application whose main function relates to processing data into indicators (the central box in the preceding diagram).  The Decision Support System (DSS) is an information system that is able to assist in the decision making process. Currently the NAWASIS module that can be categorised as DSS is the WSS Overlay Map module. 7 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658  The Executive Information System (EIS) functions to offer support to executives, presenting only highly strategic information. The WSS Sector Performance module falls into this category.  The Expert System (ES) is an information system that is able to provide input or recommend what action would be most appropriate in the situation and condition facing the user. Refinement of NAWASIS Info was implemented in response to WSS-WG needs. Further details on the development of the various modules are described below: 4.2 NAWASIS Info module development 4.2.1 Modular data entry as a basic NAWASIS Info principle The ‘modular’ data entry into NAWASIS Info is based on the principle that, at least in the beginning, LGs will require some form of incentive to input data into the system. The current NAWASIS Info basic data form includes 60 data fields needed to track progress towards achievement of the MDGs and to monitor and evaluate WSS programme progress — this is a lot of work for LGs, especially as it is expected to be done voluntarily. The modular approach therefore tries to link the data input to ‘incentives’. In the case of the DAK (Special Allocation Fund — Dana Alokasi Khusus) module, for example, if the user inputs relevant data, that same user (in this case the district) would be considered for a DAK allocation, provided they meet the required criteria. If they do not input data, they would lose the opportunity to be considered to DAK. Calculating the DAK estimates requires around 17 types of data. These 17 data types are input into the DAK module. They are then processed into technical indices and estimates of DAK allocations for each district/municipal that is eligible for a DAK allocation. The entire input-processing-output process is carried out in the Water Supply DAK and Sanitation DAK module. 4.2.2 Finalisation of the DAK Module The relevant technical criteria and data variables in the DAK module have been updated, and so far, the module has been used to: (1) receive data input by districts/municipalities; (2) process the data input into water supply and sanitation technical indices; (3) sort districts/municipalities that are eligible for DAK allocations, and; (4) estimate the Water Supply DAK and Sanitation DAK allocations for each eligible district/municipality. The DAK module has yet to be approved for use as an instrument to generate lists of regions that are eligible for DAK allocations or the DAK allocations for each eligible region. While there is agreement between BAPPENAS and technical directorates in the Ministry of Public Works (MPW) (Directorate for Program Development, Directorate for Water Supply Development and Directorate for Environmental Sanitation Development) on applying the NAWASIS Info DAK module, the MPW Secretariat General has yet to approve use of NAWASIS Info. It is hoped that further discussion will lead to eventual approval for application of the module. 8 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 4.2.3 Regional consultation module The NAWASIS team provided support to the draft design of the regional consultation module (this module is related to the Medium Term Investment Development Plans — RPIJM) negotiations, based on input from the MPW through a series of intensive meetings in mid 2013. The main purpose of this module was to help MoPW in allocating its (limited) budget for activities that came from the City Sanitation Strategies (SSK) and Sanitation Program Memorandums (MPS), which is a breakdown of the SSK proposed activities. The content of this module is quite limited, however, as it was abandoned following a Bappenas instruction. Contents include: (1) list of activities from the MPS, (2) list of activities from RPIJM – MoPW’s specific document as the basis for ministry’s budget allocation, (3) recommended activities that came from the MPS and at the same time listed in RPIJM. 4.2.4 Development of the Sector Performance Module The Performance Sector Module is divided into three sub-modules: National Performance, Province Performance, and District/Municipal Performance. Initially, a Sector Performance module was designed to track achievement of MDG targets. With the MDGs coming to an end, and the upcoming implementation of the National Medium Term Development Plan for 2015-2019, the Sector Performance module has been adjusted to accommodate the 2015-2019 National Medium Term Development Plan target of universal WSS access by 2019. There are currently four main indicators, one for each sub-sector: drinking water, sanitation, solid waste and drainage. Each indicator includes a series of data variables reflecting the different types of access comprising the main indicator. This is illustrated in the diagram below. At this stage, the Government has not formally agreed upon the indicators, thus the sector performance module will be adjusted accordingly once the formal indicators are agreed. 9 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 Figure 3. NAWASIS main indicators 4.2.5 Household WSS Access Survey Module The Household WSS Access Survey module was developed as part of the facilitation of improved WSS data management in a number of pilot districts/municipalities (see chapter 6). This module has several key features:  Data input can be done manually or by uploading excel files;  Raw data can be illustrated in table form;  Data analysis and indicators can be shown in the form of tables and graphs;  Reports can be generated according to user needs;  A geo-tagging feature provides the coordinates of the locations of the data/information. The sector performance module and the Household WSS module are more or less similar in terms of type of data variables. However, the Household WSS module was developed to accommodate the initiatives of LGs in collecting WSS data at household level (replicating and 10 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 adjusting of Bangka model, see chapter 6). The Sector Performance module requires data aggregation at district/city level, while the Household WSS module focuses on data collection at the individual LG level, and allows the LGs to add data variables if needed (examples include in the case of Pasaman). 4.2.6 WSS Overlay Map The WSS Overlay Map is a first step towards NAWASIS Info being a decision support system. To develop the WSS overlay map, the NAWASIS team collaborated with numerous partners including PPSP, the community led total sanitation (Sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat — STBM) programme and the Third Water Supply and Sanitation for Low Income Communities Project (Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat— PAMSIMAS). The WSS Overlay Map provides the following information:  Water supply vulnerable areas;  Sanitation vulnerable areas;  STBM program intervention areas;  PAMSIMAS program intervention areas;  Other program intervention areas. Figure 4. WSS Overlay Map The functions of the WSS overlay map include: 11 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658  Showing water supply and sanitation vulnerable areas, including vulnerable areas where there is no or insufficient development program intervention  Supporting program/activity prioritisation in general, particularly with regard to PAMSIMAS and STBM programs. By policy, villages that receive PAMSIMAS intervention should be those that have been triggered through the STBM program, but in reality, there are villages that have received PAMSIMAS intervention, but have not been triggered by STBM. The WSS overlay map can quickly show the relevant information.  Showing the distribution of WSS sector development programs, including indications of over-concentration of development programs in certain areas. Figure 5. Distribution WSS Program Map 4.3 Development of NAWASIS Info operationalization supporting documents A number of guidelines and SOPs to support operationalization of NAWASIS services, in particular NAWASIS Info, have been developed. These documents are important as a knowledge sharing product, and they will also be of use to NAWASIS managers in the administration and management of NAWASIS, and to others who want to implement similar activities. These guidelines, SOPs and capacity building modules are:  Database management guidelines: provide guidance for NAWASIS Info managers, including for adding new data variables.  Application module development guidelines: provide guidance on the development of NAWASIS Info application modules,  Guidelines for using the water supply and sanitation DAK module: includes information on using the DAK module on inputting and presenting data, processing and presenting technical indices, and viewing Water Supply and Sanitation DAK allocation estimates. 12 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658  Guidelines for using the WSS Sector Performance Module: provide guidance on using the WSS sector performance module.  WSS DSS module management guidelines: provide guidance for for the NAWASIS team in managing the WSS DSS module. This guideline was specially developed because in terms of substance and management, this module is rather different from the other NAWASIS modules. 5 NAWASIS Info integration and Consolidation 5.1 Indicator definition and data collection Significant efforts were made to further consolidate the approach to WSS data and information under this outcome 4, as well as to develop a common understanding of indicators and the basic data needed to measure them. Currently, many WSS stakeholders manage their own data for internal project monitoring, and although some agencies may use the same indicators, they often have different operational definitions of these. A case in point is the term 'latrine': STBM uses the term permanent latrine (jamban permanen) and semi-permanent latrine (jamban semi permanen), but the National Statistics Agency (BPS, Badan Pusat Statistik) does not use these terms. Another example is bottled water, which is a term used in basic health research surveys, but is not a term used by MPW. Having different operational definitions will affect data consolidation and publication. Data flow and consolidation also differ from one agency to another, and even from one project to another, as the following data flows for the BPN, MPW, and Ministry of Health (MoH) highlight: Figure 6. Statistics Agency Data Flow National Statistics Agency (Set up National WSS Indicator along with Sector Publish WSS Status per Province and District Ministry) Province Statistics Agencies (Data Collection WSS Indicators) District Statistics Agencies (Data Collection WSS indicators) Coordination Data Flow Tools Statistics Agency Enumerators (Village Level) 13 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 Figure 7. Ministry of Public Works Data Flow Ministry of Public Works: (Ministry WSS targets and indicators; including for projects, i.e.: PAMSIMAS) PAMSIMAS Central PMU: (WSS Project Progress and Data Consolidation) PAMSIMAS Prov. Management Unit: Provincial Public Works (Data compilation) Agency PAMSIMAS District Management Unit: District Public Works Agency (Data compilation) Coordination Data flow WSS Project Indicators: (Village Level) Coordination Figure 8. Ministry of Health Data Flow Ministry of Health (WSS MOH Min of Health Research and Release Basic targets and indicators; include Development Agency Health Survey projects, ie: STBM) (Periodically held a basic health (RISKESDAS), survey, includes WSS indicator) includes WSS indicator per prov/dist STBM Secretariat (STBM Progress, Data Consolidation and Monitoring) Provincial Health Agency (STBM and WSS indicator ) Basic Health Survey Project District Health Agency (STBM and WSS indicator compilation) Sub-District Health Centre Coordination (Puskesmas and Sanitarian), STBM Data flow and WSS Data Collection Tools WASH Indicators, (Village Level) 14 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 For the purpose of WSS data consolidation, the NAWASIS team has been engaging with stakeholders to come to an agreement on the main indicators for measuring WSS status. NAWASIS Info's function is as a data portal, where users can track agreed WSS sector development indicators. To make sure data input is as agreed, at district level there is an assigned unit/person to input data into NAWASIS Info. The assigned unit/person is given a username and password to access the portal, but users can freely access whatever data they need. The Statistics Agency, Basic Health Research and other surveys can use the consolidated data published by NAWASIS as a control. The graphic below shows the consolidated data flow. Figure 9. Expected WSS Data Consolidation by NAWASIS NAWASIS National Statistics (BPS) MIS PORTAL Basic Health Survey Project Agreed Indicators for WSS District (WSS Working Groups) Specific Surveys MPW MOH Provinces National Development NGOs, Donors, Planning Agency Private Sub- District companies, etc. Other Ministries Village User/Access data Data Flow (Input) Control/Comparison In 2013, the National WSS Working Group took the initiative to gather together key WSS sector stakeholders— participants included BAPPENAS, MPW, MoH, BPS and representatives of programs/projects including SHAW-SIMAVI, STBM and PAMSIMAS, to discuss the issue of indicator definition. The WSS stakeholders were aware that there are a variety of indicators, each with their own operational definitions. They agreed that WSS sector raw data should be a part of the data collected by BPS as the key data collection agency in Indonesia. The Statistics Agency also agreed that not all the data that are needed are available, particularly in the solid waste and drainage sub-sectors. However, BPS said it is ready to accommodate the needs of the WSS sector and hoped that the relevant technical ministries could agree on what raw data should be included in the next national census questionnaire and inform the Statistics Agency as soon as possible. 15 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 The key points to emerge from this discussion were:  The main need in terms of national WSS data is access to sector processed data, but there is a need for other data from the ministries and programs or projects that are appointed to measure the performance and achievement of WSS development. Having these data from these ministries and programs / project is expected to support and supplement detailed data related to WSS.  BPS has carried out WSS sector basic data measurements and surveys. Data users will undertake data management, including the ministries and program and project managers, to meet sector needs.  BPS is prepared to accommodate WSS sector data needs, but needs prior input about definitions, operational indicators, and data collection methods that has been agreed between the ministries; specifically, clarification on definitions of: o 'Urban' and 'rural' (there are several definitions) o Piped and non-piped water supply o Water supply continuity o Scope of drainage in Statistics Agency calculations: to include just rainwater or other sources, such as grey water o Volume of water consumption and how to measure it o Journey time need to access water sources o Communal options to be included in the Statistics Agency National Census module o Landfill volume o Improved water supply (final applicable definition is urgently needed — will it be the same as previous management standards, with 25 water supply quality indicators (MOH), or the will it be based on adequate water supply minimum standards (Quantity, Quality and Affordability) as set by the Joint Monitoring Program (JMP). 5.2 Cross-system data collaboration Aware of the many stakeholders who have information systems / monitoring and evaluation systems, the NAWASIS team took the initiative to promote data collaboration / sharing across information systems. The NAWASIS Centre now has data collaboration with the STBM, PAMSIMAS and SHAW-SIMAVI programs. This is illustrated in the table below. Table 4: Scope of NAWASIS Info data collaboration with other information systems Level of Partner Scope of data collaboration Collected Data STBM STBM program intervention locations (digital maps): Village level  Triggered locations  ODF locations Technical data:  Improved latrines (Permanent and Semi Permanent)  Sharing latrine  OD (open defecation) PAMSIMAS PAMSIMAS program intervention locations (digital maps): Village level Number of facilities constructed (water supply and sanitation) SHAW- Raw data relevant to the 5 pillars of STBM: improved latrines, Subdistrict / SIMAVI handwashing facilities, household water management, household village level solid waste management, and household wastewater management 16 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 PPSP Availability of planning documents: District /  White Books municipal  City/District Sanitation Strategic Plans level District/Municipal Sanitation Index Obstacles to implementing data collaboration include:  Differences in " level of data collection". Some information systems collect data at village level, while others collect data at district/municipal level. In response to this, the structure of the NAWASIS database was designed to be able to accommodate all the various possibilities.  Use of different number of Identify Location (IDs). At the moment there are IDs location issued by the Statistics Agency and ID Location issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs. ID Location is very important variable in the process of data collaboration across databases. NAWASIS addressed this by developing software that is able to synchronise both of these location ID definitions.  Differences in definitions of basic / raw data in each of the information systems. When one information system manages data that is already processed, data collaboration with systems that manage raw data will be difficult. NAWASIS recommended that the WSS Working Group do advocacy with stakeholders to reach an agreement that each information system should use the most basic level of data (raw data). The success of the data collaboration between the NAWASIS team and the STBM, PAMSIMAS, PPSP and SHAW-Simavi programs proves that collaboration between the different information systems is possible, provided that there is a consensus as to the aims of the collaboration and that both parties benefit from this collaboration. An outstanding issue with respect to data is also quality control. There is currently no quality assurance mechanism in place. The general rule-of-thumb is the District / City WSS Working Group is the final validator of data. Once the data is input into NAWASIS by the Working Group, it is accepted as their data. However, in the medium-/long-term, various options are being investigated to ensure data quality. 6 Strengthening Local Government capacity for WSS data management The main activity implemented to achieve this outcome 2 has been the up-scaling of the successful household (HH)-based WSS data management model developed in Bangka prior to this current TA8. The NAWASIS TA used the successful experience from Bangka for horizontal learning. This has served a number of purposes; it has helped to increase knowledge and awareness of the importance of useful and reliable data generally while simultaneously stimulating demand in other LGs for similar approaches. It has also helped to create capacity for WSS sector monitoring. The activities are described briefly below. 8 The Bangka experience and lessons learned is described in a WASPOLA facility document entitled ‘Lessons learned Uji Coba Pengelolaan Data AMPL Kabupaen Bangka’ (Lessons learned from a pilot WSS data management activity in Bangka district), no date. 17 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 6.1 Identifying a Household–Based WSS Data Management Model Well before NAWASIS Info was developed, between 2005 and 2008, a series of meetings and workshops with national and regional stakeholders took place to build awareness of and create demand for good WSS data management (this meeting was held under the auspices of the WASPOLA facility). These meetings resulted in the development of a concept note on regional WSS data management, which, based on consensus achieved through the meetings, included: (1) Concepts, parameters, operational definitions, and the first draft of a questionnaire, for a household-based WSS data survey; (2) Further dissemination of the concept of WSS data management in regions; (3) The importance of support from regional for WSS data management; (4) The concept of regional WSS data management; (5) An action plan to trial regional WSS data management in pilot regions. In 2008, the WSS Working Group and WASPOLA agreed to pilot the HH–based WSS data management model in partnership with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). After considering the expressions of interest submitted by the regions, District Rote Ndao in East Nusa Tenggara (with UNICEF support) and District Bangka (with WASPOLA support) were selected as pilot regions for the HH–based WSS data survey model. In 2009, the WASPOLA team began the pilot project in Bangka, sub-district Merawang, as the first pilot location. The results of the pilot activities in Merawang sub-district were disseminated at a National Workshop, with participants from several other regions in Indonesia, including the province of West Sumatera. The experience in Bangka — the district team succeeded in implementing a WSS data collection and management process that produced a name and address database with WSS data — was well received by participants. In 2010, Bangka district completed the collection of HH–based WSS data from all villages and sub-districts. Meanwhile, in 2011, the WASPOLA team prepared a lessons learned report as well as HH–based based WSS data management guidelines and capacity building guidelines. The WSS Data Management Guidelines and WSS Data Management Capacity Building Guidelines were published in 2012. This experience in Bangka was then used as the basis for the NAWASIS TA to up-scale WSS sector monitoring at LG level to other LGs (see next section). 6.2 Regional WSS data management horizontal learning In 2013, the NAWASIS team implemented a workshop to share the Bangka WSS sector monitoring experience — this workshop was at the request of the regions and was attended by West Sumatra and West Java provinces, Sijunjung and Pasaman districts, with Sumedang district as host. The horizontal learning process went as expected – the participants learned not only what Bangka district WSS Working Group had done, but also about the pre- conditions in each of the districts. Likewise, the participants representing the provinces learned from the experiences of the districts. Key to the horizontal learning approach is self-assessment to identify the existing condition they want to improve. The process of exploring the existing condition of their data management was a key agenda at the start of the workshop, because none of the districts had done this before. Through this process of exploration, each district mapped its existing data management condition and the desired condition, and what had been done and what 18 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 still needed to be done. The workshop combined peer learning and capacity building activities, through training of trainers in data management (Figure 10 below illustrates this process). Figure 10: The learning and capacity building cycle Horizontal Capacity Building Learning • ToT WSS Data • Learning from the Management experiences of • Increased capacity Bangka district • Increased confidence The exploration of the existing condition of the regions' WSS data management produced the following conclusions/observations: 1. Data are managed by individual sectors (regional technical implementation units / regional government work units) and in general is not well coordinated and communicated, both at province and district levels. 2. Require extra effort to collect data from different data sources, despite limited resources, which means they do not provide accurate information for policy making. Ultimately, the Statistics Agency data is the point of reference for WSS data. 3. Funding for data management is insufficient: data management still is a part of routine activities. 4. Regions would like to have the same data formats and indicators and consistency of WSS data that can accommodate the needs of each sector 5. Regions need capacity building in data management, particularly in enumeration. 6. Regions need easily accessible media to communicate data, and designated personnel to update data. 6.3 Data Management pilots in three districts/municipalities in West Sumatra province Based on the experiences shared during the WSS data management horizontal learning workshop discussed above, districts Sijunjung and Pasaman and West Sumatera province requested support from the WASPOLA facility (financed by the current TA support) to replicate the Bangka WSS data collection and monitoring activities; this included shared responsibilities for activities and budgeting. So far (2014) the following activities that have been carried out: (1) Preparatory meeting about WSS data management replication at West Sumatra development planning agency (2) WSS data management Training of Trainers (ToT) in West Sumatera province (3) Training of the Pasaman and Sijunjung district WSS working groups in preparation for the training of WSS data management supervisors and enumerators in each of the districts 19 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 (4) Training of WSS data management supervisors and enumerators in Pasaman and Sijunjung districts (5) Training in cleaning and tabulation of household based WSS data from Simpati sub- district in Pasaman and Koto Tujuh sub-district in District Sijunjung (6) Replication Data Management Workshop in Province West Sumatera (7) Data management and WSS data based advocacy training (8) Training in replication of household based WSS data management in West Sumatera province (9) Activities in Pariaman municipality, consisting of: (a) Household based WSS data management kick off meeting in Pariaman Municipality, (b) Training for household based WSS data management supervisors and enumerators in Pariaman Municipality, and (c) meetings to test the consistency of data collection of household based WSS data in Sub-District Pariaman Utara, Pariaman municipality. 6.4 Conclusions with respect to capacity building Key conclusions from the WSS data management pilots include: 1. The experience of Bangka district confirms that HH–based WSS data management can be done by local governments using existing resources. In fact, there is now inter- operability of data between government work units in Bangka district. In 2013, using a horizontal learning approach, Bangka district inspired Sumedang, Pasaman and Sijungjung districts decided to adopt HH–based WSS data management, including revising their questionnaires and developing geo-tagging. In 2014, the experiences of Pasaman, Sijunjung and Pariaman districts have led to an increased demand for WSS sector monitoring9. 2. Districts/municipalities are willing and able to allocate a portion of their regional budgets to fund household based WSS access surveys. A key factor in this achievement is that the selection of pilot locations should be demand based. Through a series of activities, the NAWASIS team identified regions that are interested in improving WSS data management. 3. Concerns about "conflict" with the regional statistics agencies with regard to data collection activities (using a census) by the regional WSS working groups, were not sustained (there was in fact very little resistance). Involving the statistics agency in the preliminary phase was a crucial factor. All stakeholders – the WSS working group and statistics agency – were aware that although the Statistics Agency had agreed to be the point of reference for matters of a macro nature, it cannot be the basis for WSS development program and activity planning in detail (micro level). 4. Involving local data actors to ensure the continuity of the data management process is crucial: (1) integrated health post (posyandu) volunteers are trained as village enumerators, (2) midwives and sanitarians are data collection supervisors, (3) village/ subdistrict heads play a role in supervision of the entire process, including in overall data consolidation and management, (4) WSS working groups had the role of supervisor the whole process. 5. Based on the experiences of Sijunjung, Pasaman and Pariaman districts, the household based WSS data management could be extended to other districts and in 2015 will be extended to four other districts/municipalities. 9 The Chairman of the National Pokja has received requested for WSS monitoring support from eight additional districts. 20 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 6. Beside West Sumatera experience, districts in other region who already have data management system, either by themselves or with support from external sources, as having data management systems that could have WSS indicators inserted. 6.5 Key challenges with respect to capacity building and WSS sector monitoring 6.5.1 At the district/municipal government level For Districts/municipalities that have implemented WASH data management:  Continued implementation of HH–based WSS data management and collected data from all villages/subdistricts in their working area.  Process the data collected into advocacy and communication strategies for the legislature and executive, WSS stakeholders, and the public, to ensure sustainable improvement in access to WSS services  Local government work units and stakeholders related to WSS can follow up on the outputs of household based WSS data management with concrete programs that focus on promoting healthy and hygienic behaviours. For Districts/municipalities that have not implemented WASH data management:  Replicate the success of districts/municipalities in household based WSS data management For districts/municipalities that have data management systems (not specific WASH)  Collaborate and consolidate by integrating WSS indicators into existing systems. 6.5.2 At the provincial government level  Facilitate cross district/municipality HH–based WSS data management capacity building activities, for districts/municipalities that have already adopted and will adopt household based WSS data management, and for districts/municipalities that have existing data management systems.  Facilitate development of advocacy and communication strategies, for the legislature and executive, WSS stakeholders and the public, to ensure sustainable improvement in access to WSS services  Facilitate capacity building for districts/municipalities in program implementation following collection of household based WSS data, in keeping with their needs, availability of resources, and authority.  Facilitate replication in other districts/municipalities, in keeping with their needs, availability of resources, and authority. 6.5.3 At the national government level  Develop SOPs for household based WSS data management that can be replicated by all other districts/municipalities in Indonesia  Develop Communication and Information tools for household based WSS data management for replication by all other districts/municipalities in Indonesia  Develop Horizontal Learning activities related to household based WSS data management through the development of peer learning centres, both through NAWASIS as capacity building centre and through learning units in locations across Indonesia. 21 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 7 Knowledge sharing and awareness building on WSS sector monitoring The NAWASIS Info instrument has now been introduced to many key WSS sector stakeholders including:  All key ministries involved in WSS, including MPW, MoH, Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA), etc;  All WSS sector programs (STBM, SHAW-Simavi, among others);  Up to 400 district / municipal governments — in 2013, the NAWASIS Info instrument supported the updating of human settlement infrastructure data for MPW, and was introduced to around 400 district/municipal governments through this process. The NAWASIS Info instrument has also been presented to numerous provinces and LGs since 2012. One important opportunity for sharing the NAWASIS model has been during the preparation of the 2015–2019 RPJMN — the National WSS Working group actively involved the NAWASIS Info instrument in the planning process, presenting it as the WSS sector data management instrument to provincial and district/municipal governments in five regions (Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara, West Sumatera and South Sulawesi provinces). Also, in the context of communicating WSS sector targets in the 2015-2019 RPJMN (also known as 2019 Universal WSS Access) and The National WSS Working Group securing buy-in from provincial governments, launched NAWASIS as an instrument to the National WSS Working Group organised support achievement of universal WSS an Indonesia-wide provincial WSS Working access by 2019 to provincial WSS Group Coordination Meeting from December working groups across Indonesia 3rd to 5th, 2014 (Rapat Koordinasi Pokja AMPL Propinsi). At this meeting, attended by representatives of the 20 provincial WSS working groups, the National WSS Working Group also introduced NAWASIS as an instrument that can help WSS sector stakeholders in general, and provincial and district/municipal government in particular, in achieving the target of universal WSS access by 2019. Features of NAWASIS that support achievement of universal access include:  A Universal Access Readiness Index: index that show the readiness of district/municipal governments to achieve the target of universal access.  Universal Access Performance Module: data application module that functions to track progress towards the achievement of universal access at district/municipal, provincial and national level.  WSS digital map: the WSS digital map can display overlays of various information including water supply and sanitation vulnerable areas and the location of WSS programs such as PAMSIMAS and STBM. 22 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 8 Future of NAWASIS NAWASIS vision and mission The NAWASIS Centre’s vision is to be a centre of excellence and the best facilitation centre in Indonesia for providers of WSS services, particularly at the district/municipal level, to support achievement of universal access by 2019. The Centre’s mission is: 1. To consolidate an integrated WSS sector data and information management system (Nawasis Info); 2. To strengthen the capacity of WSS service providers, including institutional capacities and individual capacities, and; 3. To continue to build and increase the commitment of key WSS sector decision makers at national and regional level to the universal access targets. NAWASIS strategic targets to support achievement of the target of universal access are improving the performance of district/municipal governments in the provision of WSS services, by: 1. Supporting the availability of accurate, reliable and comprehensive WSS data 2. Facilitating development of data based plans/strategies for achieving universal access 3. Supporting an increased WSS development budget towards universal access 4. Promoting the creation of an enabling environment for the achievement of universal access The role of the NAWASIS Centre in the WSS sector development framework, particularly with regard to achievement of universal access by 2019, will be: As a data and information portal/hub: The NAWASIS data and information system (Nawasis Info) is a portal of WSS data and information originating from district/municipal governments, provincial governments, programs and projects, and other stakeholders. As a WSS virtual market: NAWASIS is a place where buyers of services can meet sellers of services. Services in this context are information, facilitation, technical assistance, and access to knowledge products such as guidelines, modules and so on related to achievement of the target of universal access by 2019. 23 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 Figure 11: NAWASIS Strategic Framework 2015-2019 Development Universal Access to Improved Water Supply and Sanitation by 2019 Goal Intermediate Improving the performance of district/municipal governments Outcome in the provision of WSS services Strategic Objectives Plans/strategies for WSS development Policies/regulations to achieving universal budget for UA support UA access by 2019 Universal Access 2019 Reliable and accurate WSS data 24 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 9 Conclusions, Key Issues and Recommendations 9.1 Summary of conclusions While progress has been made towards achieving the expected outcomes under the TA, as evidenced in the preceding text, there have been significant challenges as well. Good progress was made towards the consolidation of NAWASIS Info as a potentially useful tool for WSS sector monitoring; the key word here is ‘potentially’. Five specific purpose modules have been developed and tested on the ground, and interest has been generated for using and applying these modules. Manuals (SOPs and guidelines) exist to assist users who want to use apply them. Efforts have also been made to consolidate the approach to WSS data and information collection; this includes trying to develop consensus on the main indicators for measuring WSS status, promoting the concept of cross-system data collaboration, and generally encouraging WSS sector information sharing to a much larger extent than is currently the case. Progress has also been made in developing the local government capacity for WSS monitoring, with the up-scaling of the household-based WSS data management model. Demand has been generated for improved WSS sector monitoring as a result of an increased knowledge and awareness of the importance of useful and reliable data for decision-making. At the national level, all key ministries have been exposed to NAWASIS Info, and there is an increased understanding of and agreement on the need for a national WSS sector monitoring system, in particular at the operation levels. All of the main WSS non- government programmes are also aware of the system. Through participation in various events over the past two years, the NAWASIS team has managed to present the system to up to 400 district / municipal governments. 9.2 Key issues and recommendations Acceptance of NAWASIS Info as a national WSS sector monitoring tool Despite the extensive efforts undertaken during the course of this TA, formal acceptance and approval of NAWASIS Info as a national WSS sector monitoring tool is pending. Stakeholders continue to use indicators and operational definitions that are appropriate to their own scope of work, including the targets and goals for which their institutions are responsible. While this is due to a number of reasons, the most relevant is that monitoring continues to be seen as a ‘sector’ responsibility, and the philosophy promoted by NAWASIS, of having a monitoring system that is cross sector, collaborative and based on open sharing and easily accessible information, is still a relatively new concept that will require some time to be fully accepted. Experience during the implementation of the NAWASIS TA indicates that the raw data needed to measure the various WSS indicators actually has many similarities. The success of data collaboration between the NAWASIS team and the STBM, PAMSIMAS and PPSP programmes also demonstrates that collaboration is possible, particularly when there is agreement on the objective of collaboration and there are benefits to all parties involved in the data sharing. Therefore further efforts are needed to generate consensus on WSS sector raw data. All key stakeholders need to agree on what raw data need to be collected by each 25 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 WSS sector stakeholder. If all stakeholders collect the same data, each stakeholder can process the data into indicators that meet their own needs, while the need for data consolidation to monitor and evaluate overall sector performance is also met. While the NAWASIS team has worked on promoting this approach, the time period of doing so has been relatively short; introducing new ways of thinking and innovative approaches is always a challenge that can take years of efforts. Clearly, continued effort will be needed to shift NAWASIS Info from a ‘potentially’ useful instrument to one that is actively and broadly applied throughout the country to generate useful and accurate WSS monitoring data. Further efforts are needed to generate interest in using the system, in particular at the national government level. A crucial aspect of this is continuing to demonstrate the utility of the system to an increasingly larger audience — generating increased ‘buy in’ from both government and other partners (ie: donors). Capacity building and awareness building While local governments in particular have received substantial support in developing their capacity for WSS sector monitoring, Indonesia is a large country with many local governments, and the TA efforts, given the scale of the task at hand, have been relatively limited. Continued and concerted efforts will be needed to ensure that the good progress made to date is sustained. Institutional anchorage Institutionally, in the short term, NAWASIS should remain under the umbrella of the National WSS Working Group. Given the broad nature of the sector and the many stakeholders involved, being within the structure of the National WSS Working Group Secretariat will makes it easier for NAWASIS to get the recognition /acceptance of WSS working group members at national, provincial and district/municipal levels. Also, NAWASIS will be able to receive public funding support from the budget allocation for the operation of the National WSS Working Group Secretariat. In the longer term, however, NAWASIS could become a separate legal entity to ensure its continuity as an institution. Also, in terms of finance, this would allow it to generate its own income, which at the moment it cannot do because of its institutional status. Operational issues Operationally, NAWASIS is managed by a team that is reporting to the head of the National WSS Working Group Secretariat. Because NAWASIS is within the structure of the National WSS Working Group Secretariat, it follows the operational mechanisms of this secretariat, including in regard to funding activities. A frequent issue during the implementation of the NAWASIS TA has been delays in the disbursement of funds, which meant that activities could not be implemented as scheduled. One of way of addressing this issue is to give more attention to cash flow for funding NAWASIS activities. Also, efforts need to be made to securing funding from other sources, particularly for particular activities. Other funding sources could include working group partners and / or donors. Human resources management Experience has shown that during the course of implementation of NAWASIS TA, there has been a high turnover and/or mismatch of competencies of personnel/experts, in particular those funded by the RE-WASPOLA Facility. This is very likely due to the shortcomings in 26 Strengthening of the Indonesian National Water and Sanitation Information Services Center P133658 employee contracts. At the moment, NAWASIS is funded through the RE-WASPOLA Facility budget, which is managed by government. This means that NAWASIS personnel can only be given annual (12-month) contracts, which do not offer NAWASIS personnel enough security. As a result, NAWASIS has had difficulty attracting/recruiting competent and professional human resources. One option could be to offer higher rates of remuneration. However, limits could apply to the amount of remuneration that could be given if government financial standards are used. Thus, in the medium term, if may be necessary to consider the recruitment of NAWASIS personnel through National WSS Working Group partners (donors or other partners). Using this mechanism would allow for higher rates of remuneration to be given and might help to attract the best of candidates. Although the current TA was designed to further develop WSS sector monitoring on exactly the many critical issues mentioned above, one of the key lessons learned is that developing a clear understanding of WSS sector monitoring and how to best achieve it is a long process that requires a great deal of patience, repetition and time. 9.3 The sustainability of NAWASIS The National WSS working group has had significant support over the last decade or more, not just from the current TA but also from the WASPOLA programme, and a major challenge will be to ensure that the sustainability of the many activities initiated under this support is ensured. The Government views NAWASIS as an exit /sustainability strategy for various WSS program and project initiatives — the idea is that NAWASIS would continue, in some form or another, to provide the needed support, in particular with respect to WSS sector monitoring, in the coming years. A basis for this has been created with a range of promising initiatives that have the potential to ensure the buy-in and take-up of various sector stakeholders involved. To make it work, however, a concerted effort with high-level support is needed for the NAWASIS Centre to fulfil its mission. In view of the Government’s universal access targets of 2019, the need for improved data information remains crucial, which can be the key driver for a well-functioning NAWASIS Centre. 27