E2948 V7 MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS (Government of India) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT (Main Report) Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Rehabilitation and Up-gradation to 2-Lane/2-Lane with Paved Shoulders and Strengthening of Fathua-Harnaut-Barh Section (km 0 to km 69) of NH 30 A in the State of Bihar. (Package No. SP/A/7) February 2014 C O N S U L T I N G Engineers Group Ltd. An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company CEG Tower, B-11 (G), Malviya Industrial Area, JAIPUR – 302 017 (INDIA) Phone: +91 (141) 275 1801 – 806 (6 lines); Fax: +91 (141) 252 1348 Email: ceg@cegindia.com Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar TABLE OF CONTENTS S. No. Description Page No FORM -1 ABBREVIATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES-1 Introduction E1 ES-2 Project Description E2 ES-2.1 Existing and Proposed the Project Road E3 ES-3 Regulatory Framework and Institutional Regime E4 ES-4 Description of Existing Environment E5 ES-4.1.1 Meteorology E8 ES-4.1.2 Ambient Air Quality E8 ES-4.2 Ambient Noise Level E9 ES-5 Analysis of Alignment Alternatives E10 ES-6 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures E10 ES-7 Environmental Monitoring Programme E14 ES-8 Additional Studies E15 ES-9 Environmental Management Plan E16 ES-10 Conclusion E17 ES-11 Disclosures of Consultant Engaged E17 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Project 1 1.2 Project Proponent 3 1.3 Objective and Need of Environmental Impact Assessment 4 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd i MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. Description Page No 1.4 The Legal Framework and the Legal stipulations 6 1.5 Terms of Reference (TOR approved by EAC) 9 1.6 Validity of Environmental Clearance 16 1.7 Post Environmental Clearance Monitoring 17 1.8 Transferability of EC 17 1.9 Environmental standards and Code of Practices 17 Structure of Environmental Impact Assessment and 1.10 Environmental Management Report 18 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Need for the Project 20 2.3 Expected benefits from the sub-project 21 2.4 Location of the Project 22 2.5 Existing Conditions 22 2.5.1 Existing Right of Way (RoW) 22 2.5.2 Major Settlements Enroute 23 2.5.3 Existing carriageway configuration with road geometry 23 2.5.3.1 Carriageway Details 23 2.5.3.2 Deficient Horizontal Curves 23 2.5.3.3 Existing Vertical Curves 23 2.5.4 Pavement condition 24 2.5.5 Protection work 24 2.5.6 Existing Cross Drainage Structure 25 2.5.7 Traffic Details 26 2.5.8 Animal Crossing 28 2.6 Road Accidents Details 29 CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 3.1 Introduction 30 3.2 “With” and “Without” Project Scenario 30 3.3 Analysis of Alternatives Alignment 33 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd ii MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. Description Page No 3.3.1 Alternative Alignment of Daniawan 33 3.3.2 Alternative Alignment of Harnaut 36 3.3.3 Alternative Alignment of Barh 39 3.4 Widening option 42 3.5 Proposed Improvement Plan 44 3.5.1 Junction Improvements 46 3.5.2 Wayside Amenities 47 3.6 Addressal for safety issues in design for minimizing the negative 47 impact 3.6.1 Improvement of Deficient Horizontal Curves 47 3.6.2 Other Improvement and Safety provisions in project Section 47 CHAPTER 4 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Introduction 50 4.2 Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology 50 4.3 Baseline Environmental Conditions 52 4.3.1 Topography 52 4.3.2 Geology 52 4.3.3 Natural Hazards and Vulnerability 54 4.3.3.1 Flood and Drought 55 4.3.3.2 Seismic Hazards 56 4.3.4 Soils 56 4.3.5 Mineral Resources 58 4.3.6 Fly Ash 58 4.4 Land Use Pattern 58 4.5 Meteorology 59 4.5.1 Temperature 60 4.5.2 Rainfall 60 4.5.3 Relative Humidity 62 4.5.4 Wind Speed and Direction 62 4.5.5 Ambient Air Quality of the Project Influence Area 63 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd iii MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. Description Page No 4.6 Noise 67 4.7 Water Environment 69 4.7.1 Ground Water 69 4.7.2 Ground Water Quality 71 4.7.3 Surface Water Quality 72 4.8 Biological Environment 73 4.8.1 Forest 74 4.8.2 Flora 74 4.8.3 Trees within Proposed RoW 74 4.8.4 Fauna 76 4.8.5 Presence of Reserved and Protected Forest 77 4.8.6 Rare or Endangered Species 77 4.9 Socio-Economic Environment 77 4.9.1 Demography 77 4.9.2 Project Affected Structures and Common Property Resources 77 4.9.3 Tree Worship 79 4.9.4 Market Places/ Weekly Haat 79 4.9.5 Industries 79 4.9.6 Utility Services 80 4.9.7 Archaeological Protected Monuments 81 ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER 5 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1 General 82 5.2 Environmental issues, to be considered for project road 82 5.3 Type of Impacts of project road 83 5.4 Land Environment 85 5.4.1 Impact on Physiography and Topography 85 5.4.2 Impact on Geology 85 5.4.3 Natural Hazard 85 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd iv MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. Description Page No 5.4.4 Impacts on Soil 86 5.4.4.1 Design and Construction Phase 86 5.4.4.2 Borrow Area and Quarries 88 5.5 Water Environment 90 5.5.1 Ground Water 90 5.5.2 Surface Water Bodies 90 5.5.3 Drainage Pattern 91 5.5.4 Degradation of Water Quality 92 5.6 Air Environment 94 5.6.1 Construction Phase 94 5.6.2 Operation Phase 95 5.7 Noise Environment 101 5.8 Management of Debris/ Waste 107 5.9 Biological Environment 108 5.9.1 Impacts on flora 108 5.9.2 Roadside Plantations and Protected Forest Areas 108 5.10 Impact on Protected Monuments and Cultural Heritage Sites 109 5.11 Socio-economic and Health Impacts 109 5.12 Impacts due to Land Acquisition 111 5.13 Loss of Private Properties 112 5.14 Common Properties Resources 112 5.15 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Action 113 5.16 Livelihood Restoration and Income Generation Strategy 114 5.17 Impacts of Construction Workers Camps and Immigration 118 5.18 Economic Impacts 120 5.19 Transport and Storage of Materials 120 5.20 Human Health and Safety 121 5.21 Enhancement Measures 123 5.22 Landscaping 123 5.23 Green Belt Development 123 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd v MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. Description Page No CHAPTER 6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 6.1 Introduction 124 6.2 Definition of stakeholder 124 6.3 Types/ categories of stakeholders 124 6.4 Process of stakeholder consultation 125 6.5 Levels of consultations 126 6.6 Methodology adopted 126 6.7 Types of consultations 127 6.7.1 General Consultations 127 6.7.2 Structured Consultations 128 6.8 Major Findings from Consultation 128 6.9 District Level Public Consultations 134 6.10 Public Hearing 136 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND CHAPTER 7 MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 7.1 Environmental Management Plan 155 7.2 Other Mitigation Plans 155 7.2.1 Social Development Program 155 7.2.2 Resettlement Plan 155 7.2.3 Emergency Response Plan: 155 7.2.4 Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) 156 7.2.5 Performance Indicators and monitoring schedule 156 7.2.6 Reporting Mechanism for Environmental Monitoring Program 156 7.2.7 Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement 157 7.2.8 Institutional Capacity Building 160 7.2.8.1 Training Awareness 160 7.2.8.2 Management System 165 7.2.9 Grievance Redressal Mechanism 165 7.2.10 Conclusions and Recommendations 165 CHAPTER 8 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET 232-238 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd vi MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. Description Page No CHAPTER 9 REFERENCES 239 CHAPTER 10 Compliance of PCC Observation 240 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd vii MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar LIST OF TABLES Table No Description Page No. ES-1 Salient features of existing and proposed road E4 ES-2 Enhancement Measures adopted for proposed road E13 Table 1.1 Categories of Highway Projects 4 Table 1.2 Statutory Clearance Requirements 6 Table 1.3 Permissions/ Approvals Required for Project during Construction 8 Phase Table 1.4 Compliance Status of Additional TOR 9 Table 1.5 Indian Road Congress Code of Practices for Highway Projects 18 Table 2.1 Existing carriageway Details 23 Table 2.2 Pavement condition of the project Road 24 Table 2.3 Location wise ADT (No. and PCU in Both Directions) 26 Table 2.4 Peak Pedestrian flow 28 Table 2.5 Animal crossing data 29 Table 2.6 Accident data at locations along the project road 29 Table 3.1 ‘ With ‘ and ’ Without ‘ Project Scenario 30 Table 3.2 Proposed Daniawan Bypass ( Length = 2.24 km ) 34 Table 3.3 Proposed Harnaut Bypass Options 38 Table 3.4 Comparative Statement - Barh Bypass 40 Table 3.5 Summary of Typical Cross Sections 43 Table 3.6 Improvement plan 44 Table 3.7 Major Junction’s details 46 Table 3.8 Summary of Proposed Traffic Signs 48 Table 3.9 Road Safety Measures 48 Table 4.1 Details of Flood Affected Project Districts (2009) 56 Table 4.2 Description of Soil Sampling Locations 57 Table 4.3 Physico - Chemical Properties of the Soil Samples (October 2011) 57 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd viii MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table No Description Page No. Table 4.4 District wise Land use Pattern in Bihar(2007-2008) 58 Table 4.5 Land Use Pattern along the Project Road 59 Table 4.6 Annual Rainfall for Different Seasons State Average 61 Table 4.7 District wise Annual Rainfall for Different Seasons (2008-2010) 61 Table 4.8 Mean Wind speed and Direction of Project Area 63 Table 4.9 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 63 Table 4.10 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results 65 Table 4.11 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 67 Table 4.12 Description of Noise Monitoring Locations 68 Table 4.13 Analysis of Ambient Noise During Winter Season 2010 68 Table 4.14 National Ambient Noise Level Standards 69 Table 4.15 Depth of Water level in Project Area 70 Table 4.16 Description of Ground Water Sampling Location 71 Table 4.17 Analysis of Ground Water Quality 72 Table 4.18 Description of surface water sampling location 72 Table 4.19 Analytical Results of Surface Water Quality during October 2010 73 Table 4.20 Spiders and Common Insects in the Study Area 74 Table 4.21 Butterflies of the Study Area 75 Table 4.22 Fauna recorded within Study Area of proposed project 75 Table 4.23 Details of Protected Forest Land Required for Diversion 76 Table 4.24 Project Affected Structures 77 Table 4.25 Sensitive Receptors along with Project Road 78 Table 4.26 Market Places along the Project Road 79 Table 4.27 District wise Fish Production 79 Table 4.28 Utility Services along the Project Road 80 Table 5.1 Summary of Potential Impacts due to Project Road 83 Table 5.2 Average Daily Peak Hour Traffic Count at km 9+000 and km 58+000 96 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd ix MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table No Description Page No. Table 5.3 Composite Emission Factor 97 Table 5.4 Variation of Concentration of CO on either side of Centre line 97 Table 5.5 Typical Noise Levels of Principal Construction Equipment 102 Table 5.6 Speed-Noise Relationships for Various Motor Vehicles 105 Table 5.7 Prediction of Noise Levels along the Project Corridor 105 Table 5.8 Structures Affected by Ownership 110 Table 5.9 Impact on Structures by Typology 111 Table 5.10 Additional Land Requirement for the proposed project 112 Table 5.11 Amenities and Public Facilities Falling in the RoW 113 Table 5.12 Estimated Budget for Resettlement and Rehabilitation 115 Table 6.1 Types of Consultations 126 Table 6.2 Major Findings from consultation during the District and Local Level consultations 129 Table 6.3 Consultations for Shifting of Cultural Properties 131 Issues Raised During Government of Bihar (GoB) Meeting and their 133 Table 6.4 Addressal in Project Design Table 6.5 Questions and Suggestions Regarding Public Hearing 139 Table 6.6 Questions and Suggestions regarding Public Hearing (Patna District) 143 Table 7.1 Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organizations 161 Table 7.2 Training and Awareness Programmes 462 Table 7.3 Environmental Management Plan Matrix (Pre-Construction Stage) 168 Table 7.4 Environmental Management Plan Matrix (Construction Stage) 183 Table 7.5 Environmental Management Plan Matrix (Operation Stage) 222 Table 7.6 Monitoring Plan For The Performance Indicators 228 Table 8.1 Environmental Budget 232 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd x MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar LIST OF FIGURES Figure No Description Page No. Fig. ES-1 Location Map of Project Road E-2 Figure 1.1 Location Map of the Project Road 2 Figure 1.2 Flow chart for obtaining Environmental Clearance 5 Figure 2.1 Over-topped Bridge at the Chainage 10+385 and at the Chainage 25 64+505 Figure 2.2 Daily Traffic Variation 27 Figure 2.3 ADT at all stations 28 Figure 3.1 Details of Daniawan Bypass and ROB (km 7.475 to km 9.515) 33 Figure 3.2 Congested Portion of Harnaut Town 36 Figure 3.3 Options for Bypass at Harnaut 37 Figure 3.4 Congested Portion in Barh 39 Figure 3.5 Map Showing the Barh Bypass Option 40 Figure 4.1 Project Influence Area 51 Figure 4.2 Geological Map of Bihar 53 Figure 4.3 Drainage and river basin map of South Bihar 54 Figure 4.4 Multi Hazard Zone Map of Bihar 55 Figure 4.5 Land Use Pattern along the Project road 59 Figure 4.6 Rainfall pattern in South Bihar 61 Figure 4.7 Wind rose diagram of the Project Influence Area 62 Figure 4.8 View of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 67 Figure 4.9 Ground Water Potential in Project Area 70 Figure 4.10 Depth to Water Level Map of Project District (Pre-Monsoon 2006) 71 Figure 4.11 View of Road Side Plantation and Green Tunnel 74 Figure 5.1 Dispersion of CO in opening Year 2015 99 Figure 5.2 Dispersion of CO in opening Year 2015 (Contd.) 100 Figure 6.1 Types of Consultations 127 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd xi MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Figure No Description Page No. Figure 6.2 Local Level Consultations and participation 134 Figure 6.3 District level Public Consultation in Daniawan in Patna District 135 Figure 6.4 District level Public Consultation in Harnaut in Nalanda District 135 Figure 6.5 District Level Public Consultation at Barh On 04-02-2012 136 Figure 6.6 News paper cuttings for Harnaut at Nalanda District 138 Figure 6.7 Photographs of public hearing at Harnaut, Nalanda District 141 Figure 6.8 News Paper Cuttings for Harnaut Barh at Patna District 142 Figure 6.9 Photographs of public hearing at Barh, Patna District 145 Figure 7.1 Implementation Arrangement for EMP 158 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd xii MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd xiii MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar LIST OF ANNEXURE Figure No Description Page No. Annex.1.1 Satellite Imagery Annex.1.1a Alignment plan Annex. 1.2 Ground survey map Annex.1.3 Animal Crossing data Annex.1.4 Tree data Annex. 1.5 Bus bay and truck lay bye location Annex. 1.6 Drainage Map Annex. 1.7 Land use and land cover map Annex.2.1 Existing RoW Details Annex. 2.2 Habitations along the Project Road (Direct & Indirect influence Zone) Annex.2.3 Deficient Horizontal Curves Annex.2.4 Abstract Inventory of Major Bridges Annex.2.5 Safety Measures Annex 2.6 Quarry Chart Annex. 3.1 Existing major and minor bridges of project road Annex. 3.2 Proposed widening scheme and type of TCS structure Annex. 3.3-3.45B Layout of TCS Annex.4.1A NABL Accreditation Annex. 4.1B lab report TEST REPORT Annex.4.2A Drainage map Annex.4.2B Monitoring Location map Chap 4 Annex. 4.3 Climate data Annex. 4.4 Floral Species in the Project Influence Area Annex. 5.1 Details of Land Acquisition Annex. 6.1 Summary of SIA and RAP Consulting Engineers Group Ltd xiv MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar ABBREVIATIONS SOS Strategic Option Study GOI Government of India NH National Highway MDR Major District Road ODR Other District Road EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan DoF Department of Forest MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest CPCB Central Pollution Control Board IMD India Meteorological Department COI Corridor of Impact DIZ Direct Impact Zone PIA Project Influence Area PD Project District ROW Right of Way IMD Indian Meteorological Department AAQ Ambient Air Quality SPM Suspended Particulate Matter RPM Respirable Particulate Matter AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic PUC Pollution under Control Certificate PHED Public Health Engineering Department ASI Archaeological Survey of India Consulting Engineers Group Ltd xv MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar NOC No Objection Certificates RH Relative Humidity PAP Project Affected Person WHH Women Headed Household SHG Self Help Groups PBG Project Beneficiary Groups STD Sexually Transmitted Diseases AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus RAP Resettlement Action Plan OMC Optimum Moisture Content CSC Construction Supervision Consultant EMU Environment Management Unit EO Environment Officer PIU Project Implementation Unit POL Petrol, Oil and Lubricant PU Package Unit RCD Road Construction Department WPA Wildlife Protection Act Consulting Engineers Group Ltd xvi MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES.1 INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has decided to carry out the up- gradation of Fathua- Barh section of NH-30A from existing single/intermediate lanes of this section to 2 lanes with earthen/paved shoulders configuration. The Consultancy services for preparation of Detailed Project Report for the above project was awarded to M/s Consulting Engineers Group Ltd (the Consultants) having their registered office at B-11(G), Malviya Nagar Industrial Area, Jaipur- 302017. Environmental study of the proposed construction activities is carried out to establish the baseline environmental aspects of the project corridor and to analyze all the expected impacts, required avoidance and the possible cost effective mitigation measures. These mitigation measures need to be stream lined with the engineering design and social impact for effective implementation. This report covers the Environmental Impact Assessment and Environment Management Plan. The scope of Environmental Assessment is as described in the Terms of Reference (TOR) provided by MoRTH and in accordance with the MoEF, Government of India legal and procedural requirements. The emphasis during environmental analysis, design and management action plan is to facilitate decision-making and to ensure that the corridor improvement options are environmentally sound, and contribute to the development of the environmental assets. ES.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The entire Project Highway NH 30A falls in Bihar State. It starts at Fathua ( km 0.0) and ends at T-Junction at km 171of NH 31 at Barh (km 69.600) in Patna district. It traverses for a length of 33 km in Nalanda district and 36.6 km in Patna Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-1 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar district. The terrain of both the districts through which project highway, traverses is generally plain. No litigation is pending against the project. Major villages/towns/settlements along the project road are Fathua, Macharriyaw, Dannara, Daniawan, Nagarnousa, Narsanda, Madhopur, Jaitipur, Harnuat and Barh. Location of project road is shown in Fig. ES-1. Figure ES-1: Location Map of Project Road The major benefit of this strengthening and widening, to two lanes, of this stretch from Fathua- Barh is that, it will improve connectivity of the surrounding areas and also with other National and State Highways. Cost of transportation and fuel Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-2 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar consumption will reduce. Employment opportunities will increase due to good connection to markets and production centers. Good connectivity will attract industrialists; businessmen to set up agro-based industries and new business like fisheries. Tourist influx to religious places i.e. Bihar sheriff will rise. Essential and emergency services i.e. schools; health centre, public distribution system etc can be availed faster. Land use along the road is mixed type that includes agricultural, vacant and interspersed built-up area. Existing right of way (ROW) is 10.85-37 m and proposed is 24-70 m. This involves acquisition of about 33.253 ha land for bypasses, realignments, ROBs and bridge approaches. This land acquisition will impact residential, commercial, religious structures, utilities and trees falling within PROW. While improving the project road, care has been taken not to obstruct the natural drainage pattern of the area by improving the existing cross drainage structures and proposing new ones wherever necessary. ES.2.1 Existing and Proposed Salient Features of the Project Road Salient features of the existing and proposed road are given in Table ES: 1.The proposed project length increases slightly by 1.96 km. 6 additional major junctions are provided while the minor junctions remain the same. 3 Bypasses (11.362 km length) and 3 ROBs are proposed. One cattle underpass and one additional minor bridge are proposed in the final alignment. For quick and efficient cross drainage structure number of culverts has been increased from 157 to 186.16 bus bay’s along with bus shelter and 4 truck lay bye are proposed. Service road of 1.448 km length will be provided in urban areas. Provision of all these facilities involve acquisition of 33.253 Ha of land and diversion of 30.374 Ha of roadside protected forest (declared for managerial purposes). Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-3 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table ES: 1: Salient features of existing and proposed road NH-30 A Existing Proposed Project Length (km ) 69.700 71.660 Major Junctions 5 11 Minor Junctions 107 107 Bypass No. (km) - 3(11.362km) NH Crossing 3 3 SH Crossings 2 2 ROB 1 4 PUP/ CUP (Nos.) - 1 Major Bridges (Nos.) 12 12 Minor Bridges (Nos.) 26 27 Culverts (nos.) 157 186 Bus bay/ Bus Shelter (Nos.) - 16 Truck Lay bye (Nos.) - 4 Service Road(km) - 1.448 The Ministry of Environment and Forests, (MoEF) New Delhi as per its Notification has made use of fly ash mandatory for the earth works in road project if coal based thermal power plants is available within 100 km. In the present case Barauni Thermal Power Plant is located at 50 km from project road. The fly ash requirement for 71.66 km road stretch is 4, 18,000 m3, and this entire requirement will be met by the Thermal Power Plant. ES-3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONAL REGIME All the Environmental Acts, Rules, Notifications and Amendments, guidelines of MoEF and IRC, State and Central Pollution Control Boards, applicable for the up- gradation of the project road are considered while conducting the EIA study. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-4 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Since the length of highway is more than 30 km involving land acquisition for additional right of way greater than 20 m, therefore in accordance with the Notification 2006 ‘Fathua – Barh section of NH-30A project falls in ‘Category- “A” and requires Environmental Clearance from MoEF. ES.4 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT The study corridor includes 10 km aerial distance on the either side of the project road for assessing the impacts of the infrastructure development activity on endangered wild life species of flora and fauna, water bodies, protected areas, reserve forests and monuments of archaeological importance. None of the above mention sensitive targets fall within demarcated zone. Primary data was collected within 500 m either side of NH-30A. For a road project to sustain under all adverse conditions, proper strengthening is required for which natural and alternative resources available in the nearby area are explored and their suitability for road construction is examined. Topography The project falls in plain terrain with an elevation of 61 m at Fathua, 49 m at Daniawan, 53 m at Chandi and 43 m at Barh. The general slope is towards north-east. Project districts fall in the older flood plain constituting the intermediate terrace comprised of two land system: (1) A narrow linear east-west arrangement of levee and back swamps, and palaeo-drainage imprint, parallel to the course of Ganga and (2) inter fluvial land form morphology evolved in response to various river system impressed upon the eroded basement of older Alluvium, in the segments. According to the BIS code, 1983 the entire study corridor lies in seismic zone IV, which is moderate damage risk zone. The project area has not witnessed any major earthquakes in the recent past. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-5 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Some part of the project area is flood affected. In Daniawan section, the alignment passes through flood affected areas starting from right bank of Punpun up to Daniawan. This implies that the project road lies in medium risk flood zone indicating requirement of flood hazard proof road built upon reliable construction materials. Soil Quality was studied to check and maintain the pollutant level of the soil of the surrounding agricultural area and from the point of view of building an all weather road. The soil in the project area is mainly Clayey Silt with sand. The soils of Tal areas are dark colored and heavy textured, grey to dark grey in color, medium to heavy in texture, alkaline in reaction with low free CaCO3 and P2O5 content, low soluble salts and from low to occasionally high organic carbon. Soil samples were collected from the adjacent agricultural fields at km 9+000, km 40+200 and km 67+500 respectively. The organic matter of these samples ranged from 1.76 to 2.35%. Borrow Areas & Stone Quarries During widening of existing road into 2-lane it will be required to raise the embankment height at certain locations along the project road beyond the existing ground level. For doing so extra earth / soils to be used as sub-grade, selected sub- grade and shoulder materials need to be hauled from designated and approved borrow areas and stone quarries. The Borrow areas and stone quarries have been identified. Aggregate can be obtained at Daniawan (km 9+00) from Ghera quarry located at a distance of 115 km near Gaya, at km 26+00 from the Itawa quarry at a distance of 130 km near Gaya. Soil borrow areas are located adjacent to road within 30m at km 3+800 ,26+00 and km 38+00. Sand can be obtained from quarries at km 8+800 (Polugu nadi at 45 km), km 26+000 and km 38+000 (Panchanamay river at Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-6 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar km 114). Bitumen from Barauni refinery located at 80 km from Harnaut. Emulsion from Haldia refinery at a distance of 572 km from Harnaut. Moorum and GSB can be quarried at km 26+00 i.e. from Shaikpuri at a distance of 70 km. Earth required for the brick can be quarried at km 34+250 at a distance of 30 km. Care will be taken into account to ensure that 1) Sufficient quantity of suitable soil is available from the borrow pit; 2) The borrow areas are as close to the project road as possible; 3). The loss of fertile and productive agricultural soil is minimum; 4).There is minimum loss of vegetation; 5)The topsoil from the borrow pit will be striped and set aside with microbial preservation methods. Solid Waste Generation The main sources of solid waste are (a) Excavation of earth and rock from sides of existing pavement for widening to 2 lanes (b) Demolition of existing pavement, flexible shoulders in case of concentric widening (c) Removal of existing PCC, RCC structures & stone/brick masonry, stone pitching for road widening. The solid waste mainly consists of top soil, overburden, rock, broken PCC/RCC material and demolished bituminous material. Water Quality 350 KLD of water for 400 days will be required in construction phase of which 330kld will be obtained from surface water for construction and 20KLD from ground for domestic purposes. Surface water is available in plenty; its suitability for road construction was assessed by analyzing the samples collected from Mohane and Morhar River. In the surface water BOD was found 12mg/l (Daniwan – km 5+250) in Mohane River and 10.3 mg/l (Harnaut -km 40+000) in Morhar river. The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in both the rivers is less than 6 mg/l. As per the use based classification of water by CPCB the surface Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-7 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar water falls under class B and the sample conforms to water for concreting purpose . Drinking water for workers involved in road construction will be abstracted from ground. To establish baseline quality of ground water two ground water samples were drawn from hand pumps located at km 9.00 and km 40.200 and analyzed as per APHA and IS-3025 procedures. Analysis showed faecal coliform below 2 MPN/100ml. The results are well within the permissible limit of IS 10500. The nature of water is good for domestic uses as pH ranges between 7.2 and 7.32. Chloride (desirable limit 250 mg/l) and Sulphate (desirable limit 200 mg/l) is within permissible limit. Water is free from organic content and suitable for domestic usage. ES 4.1. Meteorology The project area has tropical monsoon climate. Summer season starts in April and ends in June. July to September is the monsoon season. October and November is considered as post monsoon season. Winter commences from December and ends in March. The study area receives annual rainfall between 1150 mm-1284 mm. The relative humidity ranges between 74% during summer to 92% during Aug- Sep. The summer season is usually dry with high temperature ranging between 38° C and 44° C during rainy seasons the temperature varies from 28 to 36° C. Temperature during winters varies between 6 and 20° C. The predominant wind direction is North-Northeast to South-Southeast ES 4.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Continuous 24 hours monitoring was done at a frequency of twice a week at 4 locations during October to December 2010. The average values of 24 hours PM10 (54-90 µg/ m3 ) were within the NAAQ standard (100 µg/ m3) except on one day at Harnaut when it was marginal(101 µg/ m3 ). The mean values of PM10 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-8 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar were highest at Harnaut (79 µg/ m3) followed by Fathua (74 µg/ m3), Daniawan (65 µg/m3) and Barh (64 µg/ m3). High mean value of PM 2.5 found at Harnaut (36 µg/ m3) followed by Barh (35 µg/ m3), Fathua (33 µg/ m3) and Daniawan (25µg/ m3). These values are well within standard limit i.e. 60 µg/ m3. The higher concentration of particulate matter (PM10 and PM 2.5) at Harnaut may be attributed to industries and high vehicular load at Harnuat Junction which crosses NH-31. However these values are within standard limit i.e. 60 µg/ m3. ES 4.2 Ambient Noise Level Total eight representative locations, mostly close to the project road covering industrial, commercial, sensitive and residential areas were selected for measuring the present status of ambient noise level. Analysis results indicate that the night time noise levels were lower than the corresponding day time levels. It is observed that noise levels at all locations are within the standard limits except at Harnaut in day time i.e 71.1 dBA (70 dBA ,commercial area) where relatively higher noise levels have been recorded are attributed to vehicular traffic from NH- 31. Biological Environment There are no endangered species of flora and fauna present within the project influence area. No eco sensitive receptors such as wild life park, national parks, wet lands, bird sanctuaries, reserve forest, etc. are located within the project influence area. The trees which fall within ROW need to be felled. In the project area the number of such trees is 1805. Total 30.374 ha of land (road side plantation declared as protected forest area) shall be diverted for the project. ES.5 ANALYSIS OF ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES To assess the overall project impacts a quantitative Analysis based on “long term scenario with and without projects” was carried out showing that the project is Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-9 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar generally significant, positive and has reversible negative impacts. An alignment with Bypasses proposed at Daniawan ( km 7.475 to km 9.515) , Harnaut (km 38.760 to km 42.30) and Barh (km 67.45 to km 174.03 of NH-31) has been finalized but adoption of mitigation measures is crucial in order to avoid adverse negative impacts. ES.6 IMPACT ASSESSMENT and MITIGATION MEASURES There will be 33.253 Ha land acquisition. Compensation for land shall be provided as per the National Highway Act1956. 30.374 Ha of road side protected forest will be diverted. 350 KLD of water will be required for construction and domestic purpose. Seven religious structures, 16 hand pumps and 20 wells will be impacted. 2235088 cum of earth, 925737 cum of aggregate and 81222 cum of sand will be required for strengthening and widening work. Debris of an amount 27850 cum will be generated from road cutting and structure dismantling.1805 trees will be felled, 195 electric poles, 5 transformers and 13 telephone poles will be shifted. Land Environment The reclamation of borrow pits will be carried out by the contractor as per the agreement with the owner of the land. Blue metal, sand and other materials will be procured from existing, approved and licensed quarries. Soil Quality The topsoil shall be scraped carefully and stacked separately. The topsoil shall be re-laid after borrowing earth for construction. It will be administered with suitable dose of manure to maintain fertility of the agricultural field. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-10 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Air Quality Construction phase environmental impacts on air pollution will be short term and localized. It can be mitigated by adopting suitable mitigation measures. Hot Mix Plant shall be provided with adequate stack height to mitigate the adverse impacts on air quality and shall be located at least 500 m away from the inhabited areas in the downwind direction. Adequate dust suppression measures such as regular water sprinkling on unpaved haul roads, borrow area and vulnerable areas of the construction sites will be adopted. Low exhaust emission construction equipment, vehicles and generator sets will be used at site. Noise Environment During Construction phase noise will be caused by the movement of vehicles transporting construction material and operation of other construction equipment. Stationary construction yard shall be located at least 500 m away from the inhabited areas. Equipment and vehicles shall be fitted with silencers and these will be maintained regularly. Trucks loading, unloading and hauling operations shall be so scheduled as to minimize noise impacts near sensitive locations and neighborhood communities. Water Environment Rainwater harvesting structures (except the unlined drains) are not provided as the water table level is very high along the proposed alignment. The main source of water pollution during construction stage would be sewage generation from construction camps/temporary housing for the workers. This sewage will be treated in septic tank - soak pit system, which is hygienically safe. Proper drainage system will be provided, which will help prevent water logging in construction camps. Oil interceptors (4 numbers at truck lay bye locations ) shall Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-11 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar be provided to prevent the release of oil and grease into the drainage system. These will be cleaned on a regular basis. Flora Deposition of fugitive dust on nearby vegetation may inhibit floral growth. Such impacts will however, be confined mostly to the initial periods of the construction phase and in the immediate vicinity of the construction area. Once the construction is completed fugitive dust emission will be considerably reduced. About 1805 trees are to be felled for proposed 2 lanes, 69.6 Km stretch with earthen/paved shoulder. Nearly 5415 trees shall be planted towards compensatory afforestation. A budget for plantation of these trees including 3 year maintenance is Rs.83 lakh. Waste Disposal Scarified bitumen shall be used for shoulder strengthening after getting approval from the Engineer. Earth material generated from excavation of roadways and drainage will be reused during embankment construction and site development. Excess material, if any will be disposed off at the identified dumping sites. Indiscriminate dumping of the waste material shall not be done. Road Safety The probability of accident would be reduced considerably due to improved road geometry and by imposing speed limits in urban areas. Proper and elaborate road signs (as per IRC:67-1997), road marking, kerb painting and road furniture like street lights will improve road safety. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-12 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Enhancement Measures All impacted hand pumps shall be suitably relocated in close coordination with Public Health Engineering Department (PHED). New groundwater extraction structures shall be dug up considering the geo-hydrological condition of the area. Total 6.23km lined drains on both sides in built-up area and chute drain of length 10.8 km has been proposed based on site conditions and public feedback. Compensatory avenue plantation will be done (given in Table ES: 2). Plantation of Ipomoea carnea (Beshram) and Sccharum species in the toe line on both sides of road where embankment height is 1m or more will be carried out. Stone pitching/ concrete wall at bridges approaches and where embankment height more than 3m will be done. Chute drains will be provided at some locations of bridge approaches. These steps will efficiently mitigate the potential soil erosion problem and by the time the road starts operating, the ecosystems will restore itself. To avoid the soil contamination, at the wash down and re-fueling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked material are to be sold off to the Bihar State Pollution Control Board /Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) authorized venders. If any hazardous waste as per Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989 and as amendments thereafter is generated during construction phase, it shall be suitably treated and disposed off accordingly. The demolition waste shall be re-used for construction as far as possible unsuitable materials shall be dumped at identified location in an environmentally sound manner with the permission of concerned body. To prevent any compaction of soil in the adjoining productive lands beyond the RoW, the movement of Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-13 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar construction vehicles, machinery and equipment will be restricted to the proposed right of way. Table ES: 2: Enhancement Measures adopted for proposed road Sl.No. Enhancement Measures Quantity 1 Perforated pipe for Hand Pump 16 Nos. 2 Well Accessories 20 Nos 3 Fly Ash Utilization 4, 18,000 cum 4 Enhancement and Landscaping i Shrubs plantation (near Junctions & 3000 Nos Water bodies) ii Silt Fencing (Nos) 2 km iii Green belt development 5415 Nos 5 Cross drainage structure Major Bridges 7 Reconstruction Minor 17 to be Reconstructed Bridges Culverts 69 Reconstructed &31 widened 6 Road safety Measures Bus Bays 16 Truck lay Byes 4 Signage’s Informatory signs = 134 signs + 43.68m2 sign boards. b) Warning signs = 372 c) Regulatory signs = 172 d)Rumble Strip = 74 7 Road Side Covered RCC Drains 9.88 km ES.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME To ensure the effective implementation of the EMP during construction and operation stage, the monitoring plan has been framed. The details of this plan are given in chapter 7. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-14 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar For this project MoRTH will be responsible, for obtaining required clearances and for securing a tree removal and replanting permit from DOF. It will also need to confirm that contractors have appropriate and valid permits to use local water supplies as well as to construct and operate plants such as Hot Mix Plant, batch and rock crushing etc. In addition MoRTH will be responsible for implementing all the mitigative actions during the design, construction and operational stage of the project as defined in the EMP. ES.8 ADDITIONAL STUDIES In addition to parameters studied in environmental impact assessment and discussed above, additional studies were conducted to assess the impact on society and its safety. A structured social census survey was conducted within the proposed ROW and the analysis of the data revealed that 179 structures are affected, which includes 27 common property resources (CPRs). 2487 persons are affected by the project. Land acquisition for the project is necessary for widening and for other provisions/facilities such as bus bays, service roads and intersections improvement and other amenities, to ensure smoother and faster flow of traffic with adequate road safety. Total area of 33.253 ha land will be acquired for the project road. Public consultations were carried out throughout the project preparation stage for incorporating stakeholder’s suggestions and finalizing alignment for effective design and implementation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). Public hearings were conducted for each district and the related environmental issues have been incorporated in final EIA so that an optimized environmental management plan could be made. This plan will be implemented during construction and post construction phases. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-15 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Data regarding accidents were collected through public consultation and also from police official records. Based on these data safety features were incorporated in design for benefit of the road users. ES.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Environmental management Plan has been devised to offset/reduce/eliminate the potential adverse environmental impacts and enhances the positive impacts. Pre-Construction Phase During the pre-construction stage, management measures are required for the clearance of the RoW roughly 30.374 ha land, protecting & replacing 27 community resources and other utilities likely to be impacted. Their enhancement shall also be completed before construction starts so that the community can start using these while the construction activity begins. Construction Phase Construction stage is the most crucial stage of the EMP. It comprises of monitoring of the construction activity for nearly 36 months to ensure that the environment is not impacted beyond permissible limits. Measures have been suggested for addressing the issues of construction site, labor camps, workers, health and safety. Operation Phase The operation stage will essentially entail monitoring activity like air, water, soil and noise quality control, pre-monsoon cleaning of cross drainage structures along the project road. Responsible agency for implementation and supervision during pre-construction, construction and operation phases are specified in the EMP. The concessionaire is required to comply with the laws with respect to Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-16 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar environment protection, pollution prevention, forest conservation, resettlement and safety. Cost of EMP The total environmental cost is nearly 1.1 Crore including afforestation cost (83 Lakh), mitigation cost (83 lakh), environmental monitoring cost approx (16 lakh) and training and mobilization cost (10 lakh). E-10 CONCLUSION The proposed upgradation of 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Fathua- Barh Section of NH-30A will have multiple benefits in terms of economic development and fast and better connectivity. All environmental impacts identified and assessed are manageable to acceptable levels by implementing environmental management plan. E- 11 DISCLOSURES OF CONSULTANT ENGAGED The entire project preparation activity for Rehabilitation and Upgrading of 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Fathua- Barh Section of NH-30A was awarded to Consulting Engineers Group Ltd (CEG), Jaipur. CEG have accreditation with Quality Control of India (QCI)/National Accreditation Board of Education and Training (NABET) as per office memorandum dated 02 December 2009 of MOEF. Name & brief resume of the consultant engaged in the preparation of EIA report is incorporated. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E-17 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Project The Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH), Government of India has decided to up-grade all the existing single /intermediate lane National Highways, which are not covered under National Highways Development Program (NHDP) to at least 2-lane standards through National Highways Inter-connectivity Improvement Program (NHIIP). The NHIIP comprises of 33 project roads of non- NHDP National Highways across 7 states and 1 Union Territory with total length of 3769 km. of these, 11 sub-projects have been proposed by MoRTH for implementation with World Bank Assistance. The present report pertains to Fathua-Harnaut-Barh section of NH-30A ( km 0 to km 69.600) in the state of Bihar. The MoRTH intends to rehabilitate and up-grade the existing single lane/intermediate lane between Fathua to Barh of NH–30A to 2-lane/2-lane with paved shoulders configuration. The implementation of rehabilitation and up-gradation of this corridor is likely to be taken up with World Bank assistance. The World Bank has agreed to support this sub-project in- principle provided the implementation conforms to environmental and social safeguard policies of the World Bank and the legal framework of the country. The under consideration package pertains to the preparation of the detailed project report for rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulders configuration and strengthening of which falls under “Group A” and the package number SP/A/7. Proposed length of the project road is 71.80 km including 3 bypasses and minor realignment/geometric improvement. NH 30A starts at Fathua at km 0.0 and passes through plain terrain of two districts Patna and Nalanda ( important towns Daniawan, Chandi, Harnaut) and ends at T- Junction with NH 31 at Barh at km 69.600 in district Patna. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 1 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Fig 1.1: Location Map of the Project Road The project location map is given in Figures 1.1. The project requires World Bank, Government of India (GOI) and the State Government (GOB) clearances and approvals before the construction work can proceed. The project road falls under the preview of EIA Notification 2006, amended in 2009. Since the project road falls under Category A environmental clearance is required from Ministry of Environment and Forests, GoI. There is no wildlife sanctuary/ National park or any other area notified under WPA, 1972 within 10 km from the project road. Hence no wildlife clearance is required to be sought from the NBWL/Apex court. Forest clearance is to be accorded from MoEF for the tree felling from notified protected forest. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 2 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar The MoRTH has appointed the Consulting Engineers Group Ltd as project consultant to assist all aspects of project preparation and implementation in accordance with the objectives as detailed in the Terms of Reference (TOR). These tasks are linked to the engineering, environment and social aspects of the project preparation that will be undertaken throughout the period of consultancy agreement. 1.2 Project Proponent Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), Govt. of India is an apex organization under the Central Government, is entrusted with the task of formulating and administering, in consultation with other Central Ministries/Departments, State Governments/UT Administrations, organizations and individuals, policies for Road Transport, National Highways and Transport Research with a view to increasing the mobility and efficiency of the road transport system in the country. The Ministry has two wings: Roads wing and Transport wing. Road Wing deals with development and maintenance of National Highway in the country. The Ministry is responsible for:  Planning, development and maintenance of National Highways in the country.  Extends technical and financial support to State Governments for the development of state roads and the roads of inter-state connectivity and economic importance.  Evolves standard specifications for roads and bridges in the country.  Serves as a repository of technical knowledge on roads and bridges. Transport Wing deals with matter relating to Road Transport. The Ministry is responsible for:  Motor Vehicle legislation,  Administration of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988  Taxation of motor vehicles,  Compulsory insurance of motor vehicles,  Administration of the Road Transport Corporations Act, 1950,  And promotion of Transport co-operatives in the field of motor transport. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 3 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar  Evolves road safety standards in the form of a National Policy on Road Safety and by preparing and implementing the Annual Road Safety Plan.  Collects, compiles and analyses road accident statistics and takes steps for developing a Road Safety Culture in the country by involving the members of public and organizing various awareness campaigns.  Provides grants-in-aid to Non-Governmental Organizations in accordance with the laid down guidelines. Address of Ministry Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), Transport Bhavan, 1- Parliament Street, New Delhi-110001 At sub-project level, Superintendent Engineer, N.H. Works Circle Patna, has been appointed as Nodal Officer to coordinate the project. 1.3 Objective and Need of Environmental Impact Assessment The environmental impact assessment (EIA) and management plan (EMP) is a requirement for the environmental clearance of a project which falls under category ‘A’ as per EIA Notification 2006. Hence the project will require environmental clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi. As per the EIA notification of 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated 1st December 2009, highway projects are divided into two categories given in below Table: 1.1. Table 1.1: Categories of Highway Projects Category with threshold limit Conditions if, Project activity A B Any New National Highways; and All State highways project Highway Expansion of National Highways and including greater than 30 km, involving State highway expansion expressways 7(f) Highways additional right of way greater project in hilly terrain and General than 20 m involving land or ecologically sensitive condition acquisition. area shall apply Since the length of highway is more than 30 km involving additional right of way greater than 20 m leading to land acquisition. The project is considered under ‘A’ category. Flow chart for obtaining Environmental Clearance is depicted in figure 1.2 below: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 4 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Fig. 1.2: Flow chart for obtaining Environmental Clearance Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 5 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar 1.4 The Legal Framework and the Legal stipulations The Government of India has formulated various policy guidelines; acts and regulations aimed at protection and enhancement of environmental resources. The clearances/ permissions/ approvals under various acts, rules and guidelines are required for proposed project during pre-construction and construction phases are given in below Table 1.2. Table 1.2: Statutory Clearance Requirements S.No Act / Rules Purpose Applicability Authority Environment To protect and improve The project activities MoEF, Gol; DoE, 1 Protection Act-1986 overall environment should maintain State Gov. CPCB; emission standards SPCB Environmental Impact To provide Project covered under MoEF. EIAA Assessment environmental clearance EIA Notification- Notification- to new development 14th Sep-2006 2 14th Sep-2006 activities following environmental impact assessment Notification for use Reuse large quantity of Possibility of use of of fly ash fly ash discharged from fly ash shall be 3 thermal power plant to explored in Engg. MoEF minimize land use for designs disposal Coastal Regulation Protection of fragile Not applicable in the MoEF Zone(CRZ) coastal belt project corridor 4 Notification 1991 (2002) National Environment Address Grievances NA NEAA 5 Appellate Authority regarding the process of Act (NEAA) 1997 environmental clearance. MoEF Circular on Defining “marginal land’ NA MoEF 6 Marginal Land acquisition relating to Acquisition and the 1997 Notification Bypasses 1999 The Forest To check deforestation Road side plantation Forest (Conservation) Act by restricting conversion declared protected Department, 1927 of forested areas into forest for managerial Govt. Bihar (for The Forest non- forested areas purposes. land conversion 7 (Conservation) Act. 30.374 ha declared below 5 hectare & 1980 notified protected 40 % density). The Forest forest (road side MoEF (conversion ) Rules plantation) is required 1981 to be diverted for the project. 8 MoEF circular (1998) Protection / planting Applicability of Forest MoEF Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 6 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S.No Act / Rules Purpose Applicability Authority on linear Plantation roadside strip as conservation act to on roadside, canals avenue/strip plantations Roadside strip and railway lines as these are declared Plantations modifying the protected forest areas. applicability of provisions of forest (Conversation) Act, to linear Plantation Wild Life Protection To protect wildlife No wild life Sanctuary Chief Conservator Act 1972 through certain of or National park is Wildlife, Wildlife 9 National Parks and involved Wing, Forest Sanctuaries Department, GoB Air (Prevention and To control air pollution Emissions from Bihar PCB Control of Pollution) Pollutants should be. construction 10 Act, 1981 machinery and vehicle should be checked time to time. Water Prevention and To control water Various parameters in Bihar PCB Control of Pollution) pollution by controlling effluents from Act1974 discharge of pollutants as construction sites and 11 per the prescribed workshops are to be standards kept below the prescribed standards Noise Pollution The standards for noise DG sets at (Regulation and for day and night have construction sites and 12 Control Act) 1990 been promulgated by the workshops should be MoEF for various land provided with uses. acoustics enclosures. Ancient Monuments Conservation of cultural If any historical Archaeological and Archaeological and historical remains remains are found, Dept GoI, Indian Sites and Remains found in India would be notified / Heritage Society Act1958 surrendered to the and Indian 13 competent authority. National Trust for Art and Culture Heritage (INTACH). Public Liability and Protection form Shall be taken as per Bihar PCB 14 Insurance Act 1991 hazardous materials and requirements accidents. Explosive Act 1984 Safe Respective transportation, Chief Controller of 15 storage and use of Authorization shall be Explosives explosive material obtained from CCE Minor Mineral and For opening new quarry. Quarry Licenses shall District Collector 16 concession Rules be obtained by Contractors. Central Motor Vehicle To check vehicular air All vehicles in Use Motor Vehicle 17 Act 1988 and Central and noise pollution. shall obtain Pollution Department Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 7 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S.No Act / Rules Purpose Applicability Authority Motor Vehicle Control Check Rules1989 certificates National Forest Policy To maintain ecological 30.374 Ha roadside Forest Department, 1952 stability through forest plantations GoI and GoB 18 National Forest preservation and declared protected Policy(Revised) 1988 restoration of biological forest for managerial diversity. purposes. The Mining Act The mining act has been Quarry Licenses shall Department of 19 notified for safe and be obtained by mining, GoB sound mining activity. Contractors. Permissions/approvals required for project during construction phase given in Table: 1.3. Table 1.3: Permissions/ Approvals Required for Project during Construction Phase S. Construction Statutory Statute under which Responsibility No activity authority Clearance is Required Implementation Supervision Department of Forest and Forest (Conservation) 1. Tree Cutting PIU PIU Environment, Act, 1980 District Collector Hot mix Consent to establish and Contractor PIU plants, Bihar State consent to operate under 2 Crushers and Pollution Control Air (Prevention and Batching Board Control of Pollution) plants Act, 1981 Consent to establish and Contractor PIU Discharges Bihar State consent to operate under from 3 Pollution Control Water (Prevention and construction Board Control of Pollution) activities Act, 1974 Storage, Contractor PIU Hazardous Wastes handling and Bihar State (Management, Handling 4 transport of Pollution Control and Trans-boundary hazardous Board Movement) Rules, 2008 materials Department of Contractor PIU Sand mining, Mines and Environmental 5 quarries and Geology, Govt. of (Protection) Act, 1986 borrow areas Bihar Bihar Ground Water Contractor PIU Groundwater Ground Water (Regulation and Control 6 extraction Authority Bihar of Development and Management) Act, 2006 Disposal of Bihar State Hazardous Wastes Contractor PIU 7 Bituminous Pollution Control (Management, Handling Wastes Board and Transboundary Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 8 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. Construction Statutory Statute under which Responsibility No activity authority Clearance is Required Implementation Supervision Movement) Rules, 2008 Temporary State Police Contractor PIU traffic Department, Bihar MoRTH 112 SP 55of 8 diversion IRC codes measures Location and Bihar State Environment Contractor PIU Layout of Pollution Control (Protection) Act, 1986 workers Board 9 Camp, Equipment, storage yards, Quarries 1.5 Terms of Reference (TOR approved by EAC) In the process of getting Environmental Clearance under EIA Notification 2006 and its frequent amendments, application (Form-1 & TOR) was submitted to MoEF in September 2, 2011. Accordingly a presentation was made before EAC (Expert Appraisal Committee) in its 106th meeting held on 18 October 2011 at Fazal Chambers, SCOPE Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi. The Honorable Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India considered the terms of reference and finalized the additional TOR with File No. 10-87/2011-IA-III. The compliance status of additional TOR is given in Table 1.4. Table 1.4: Compliance Status of Additional TOR S. No. TOR issued by MoEF Measures Proposed (i) Any litigation (s) pending against the proposed No such issue is involved in the project project and/or any directions or orders passed by road. any court of law/any statutory authority against the project is to be detailed out. (ii) Submit Land use map of the study area to a scale Land use map of the study area on recent of 1: 25,000 based on recent satellite imagery satellite imagery given in Annexure 1.1 delineating the crop lands (both single and and ground surveyed map is provided in double crop), agricultural plantations, fallow Annexure 1.2. lands, waste lands, water bodies, built-up areas, forest area and other surface features such as railway tracks, ports, airports, roads, and major industries etc. and submit a detailed ground surveyed map on 1:2000 scale showing the existing features falling within the right of way namely trees, structures including archaeological & religious, monuments etc. if any. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 9 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. TOR issued by MoEF Measures Proposed (iii) Study regarding the Animal bypasses / The animal crossing survey was underpasses etc. across the habitation areas shall conducted and no significant number of be carried out. Adequate cattle passes for the crossings was observed (Annexure 1.3). movement of agriculture material shall be The proposed road is 2-lane with paved provided at the stretches passing through shoulder and traffic load is low so there is habitation areas. no need of under passes to crossing animal and agriculture material. (iv) It is indicated that 1950 trees are proposed to be  1805 trees are proposed to be felled due cut, the information should be provided about to 2 lane with paved shoulder of the their species and whether it also involved any project road. As per information protected or endangered species. Necessary obtained from Forest Department, no green belt shall be provided on both side of the protected and endangered species found highway with proper central verge and cost along the project road. provision should be made for regular  Chainage wise tree species and its girth maintenance. size has been attached in Annexure- 1.4.  The avenue plantation shall be carried out as IRC: SP21:2009 on the available land within proposed RoW.  MoRTH shall deposit the fund to Forest Department for compensatory afforestation and their maintenance upto 5 years for double the area in lieu of area occupied by 1805 trees.  MoRTH shall also deposit other demands of forest Department for felling of trees under local Law (if applicable). (v) The proposed route is passing through a city or Congested stretch of the project road at 3 town, with houses and human habitation on the locations (Daniawan, Harnuat and Barh) either side of the road, the necessity for is proposed with bypass to avoid provision of bypasses/diversions/under passes displacement of structures. shall be examined and submitted. The proposal  Bus bays have been proposed at 09 should also indicate the location of wayside locations. The details of the bypasses amenities, which should include petrol have been addressed in chapter-2and station/service centre, rest areas including public attached as Annexure-1.5. conveyance, (vi) Submit details about measures taken for the Following measures have been taken: for pedestrian safety and construction of pedestrian safety, underpasses and foot-over bridges along with  Raised footpaths in semi urban areas. flyovers and interchanges  Lane marking as per IRC 35 guideline.  Signage marks as per IRC 67 guideline.  Provision of bus bays & truck parking areas.  Pedestrian crossings proposed at urban Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 10 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. TOR issued by MoEF Measures Proposed areas. (Details are provided in Chap 2.). (vii) Assess whether there is a possibility that the Construction Phase: proposed project will adversely affect road  There is minimum possibility of traffic traffic in the surrounding areas (e.g. by causing congestion in surrounding areas increases in traffic congestion and traffic because there is no major parallel road. accidents).  The construction raw material will be transported during lean hours.  The construction activities shall be scheduled in such a way that there is smooth movement of existing traffic either through existing carriageway or widened portion.  To prevent the accident, Safety sings, rumble strip etc used during construction phase (viii) Clearly indicate/provide details regarding the Base line data has been collected along location, date (along with site photographs with the project road as per MoEF guidelines. the background of monitoring equipments The details have been presented in and/or sample collection in process) chapter 4 of EIA report. and protocol adopted for sampling and analysis of various environmental parameters as a part of the baseline data collection. (ix) Examine and submit the details of sand quarry, The details of sand quarry and borrow borrow area and rehabilitation area locations have been addressed in Chapter 2 of EIA/EMP report. (x) Climate and meteorology (max and min The details of meteorological data have temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, been addressed in Chapter-4 and frequency of tropical cyclone and snow fall); the Annexure 4.3. nearest IMD meteorological station from which climatologically data have been obtained to be indicated. (xi) The air quality monitoring should be carried out Ambient Air quality monitoring has been as per the new notification issued on 16th carried as per MOEF guideline manual November, 2009. 2010. Air quality monitoring results are presented in chapter 4 in EIA/EMP report. (xii) Identify project activities during construction The project construction activities will and operation phases, which will affect the noise involve clearing and grubbing, tree levels and the potential for increased noise cutting, site development works, road resulting from this project. Discuss the effect of widening and strengthening, bypasses, noise levels on nearby habitation during the construction of bridges, way side Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 11 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. TOR issued by MoEF Measures Proposed construction and operational phases of the facilities etc. The project activities proposed highway. Identify noise reduction proposed during construction phase are measures and traffic management strategies to presented in Chapter 2 of EIA report. be deployed for reducing the negative impact if The construction activities will have any. Prediction of noise levels should be done adverse impacts on the environment. by using mathematical modelling at different Identification and assessment of representative locations. anticipated environment have been carried out and presented in Chapter 5. Prediction modeling of noise levels has been carried out and presented in chapter 5. (xiii) Examine the impact during construction The impact of the project road during the activities due to generation of fugitive dust from construction phase due to generation of crusher units, air emissions from hot mix plants dust emission, air emission from hot mix and vehicles used for transportation of materials plants and vehicle used for transportation and prediction of impact on ambient air quality of materials are anticipated during using appropriate mathematical model, construction phase. description of model, input requirement and Prediction of impact on ambient air reference of derivation, distribution of major quality by CALINE-4 mathematical pollutants and presentation in tabular form for model, using CPCB emission factor has easy interpretation shall be carried out. been carried out and presented in chapter5. Following measures are proposed:  Hot mix plant will have in-built provision of pollution control equipments.  Hot mix plants will be installed in down wind direction minimum 1 km away from any populated area.  Hot mix plant will be installed with Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate of State Pollution Control Boards,  All construction equipment and vehicles will be operated with pollution under control certificate.  Regular maintenance of vehicle and construction equipments will be ensured.  Water sprinkling will be carried out to control fugitive dust emission.  Regular monitoring of ambient air quality will be carried out during construction and operation phase. Impacts and mitigation measures during construction phase due to generation of air and fugitive dust emission from hot mix and crusher plants. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 12 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. TOR issued by MoEF Measures Proposed Details are given in chapter -5. (xiv) Also examine and submit the details about the During construction and operation phase, protection to existing habitations from dust, following mitigation measures will be noise, odour etc. during construction stage. adopted to minimize impact from dust, noise and odor:  Sprinkling of water to suppress duct  Maintenance of vehicles and construction equipments.  Use of silencers and mufflers  Construction of debris and waste and disposal as per standard practice.  Use of applicable IRC guidelines Details are given in chapter 5 of EIA report. (xv) If, the proposed route involves cutting of earth, Except for construction of road side RCC the details of area to be cut, depth of cut, pucca drain in Built-up area, the project locations, soil type, volume and quantity of earth route does not involve cutting of earth. and other materials to be removed with location The earth excavated for construction of of disposal/ dump site along with necessary drain will be reutilized in widening of permission. road. (xvi) If the proposed route is passing through low There is no low lying area along project lying areas, details of fill materials and initial road. and final levels after filling above MSL, should be examined and submit. (xvii) Examine and submit the water bodies including Rivers: the seasonal ones within the corridor of impacts Punpun and Morhar along with their status, volumetric capacity and Following mitigation measures will be quality likely impacts on them due to the taken to avoid the impact on water bodies project. during construction stage:  Construction camps, if any, shall be properly located to avoid inflow of contaminants into surface water bodies by the generated waste and wastewater.  Good engineering practices to be followed to avoid the clogging of water channels along the project road.  Coffer dam will be constructed to minimise the impact on water quality  No waste will be dumped in the water bodies.  River protection measures will be taken as per IRC guidelines. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 13 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. TOR issued by MoEF Measures Proposed (xviii) Examine and submit details of water quantity Water requirement during the required and source of water including water construction phase is nearly 166 KLD. requirement during the construction stage with Details are given in chapter 2 in supporting data and also classification of ground EIA/EMP report. water based on the CGWA classification. Generally ground water is free from chemical and biological contamination. (xix) Examine and submit the details of measures Following measures shall be taken during taken during constructions of bridges across construction of bridges across the rivers, river/canal/major or minor drains keeping in major and minor drains keeping in view view the flooding of the rivers and the life span the flooding of the rivers and the life span of the existing bridges. Provision of speed of the existing bridges: breakers, safety signals, service lanes and foot  Slope stabilization on the banks of paths should be examined at appropriate river/drains by turfing. locations throughout the proposed road to avoid  Provision of gabion retaining wall for the accidents. river bank protection.  Scour protection measures below the bridge. Traffic safety measures to be taken are described in Chap 2. For the safety of local people, pedestrian under pass is proposed.  IRC guidelines IRC: 103-1988 have been followed including speed breakers, footpaths and service lanes as appropriate  Safety signage, marking, zebra cross way will be provided. (xx) If there will be any change in the drainage There will be no changes in the existing pattern after the proposed activity, details of drainage pattern. changes shall be examined and submitted. Drainage pattern of The study area is given in Annexure 1.6. Sufficient numbers of cross drainage structures have been proposed as mentioned below. Major Bridge: 12nos Minor bridge : 28 nos Culverts: 169 (xxi) Rain water harvesting pit should be at least 3 - 5 Since the water table is shallow and some m. above the highest ground water table. part of the project road falls in flood Provision shall be made for oil and grease prone zone hence rain water harvesting removal from surface runoff. structures are not required. However Surface run-off will be collected in a baffled tank for separation of oil and grease, before inlet into the side drains. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 14 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. TOR issued by MoEF Measures Proposed (xxii) If there is a possibility that the About 30.374 ha declared Protected forest construction/widening of road will cause impact (road side plantation) is required to be such as destruction of forest, poaching, diverted for the project. A forest diversion reductions in wetland areas, if so, examine the proposal for the three bypasses has been impact and submit details. submitted and joint verification is in progress. (xxiii) Submit the details of road safety, signage, and All safety measures for 2-lane project are service roads, vehicular under passes, accident proposed as per IRC guidelines (Given in prone zone and the mitigation measures Chap 2). (xxiv) IRC guidelines shall be followed for widening & IRC Guidelines are followed for up-gradation of road. designing and preparation of the project report. (xxv) Submit details of social impact assessment due R&R Plan along with SIA is provided in to the proposed construction of road. Chap 6. (xxvi) Examine road design standards, safety 1. Project road has been designed equipment specifications and Management according to IRC guidelines and System training to ensure that design details take standards. Curve improvement, account of safety concerns and submit the traffic realignments, safety barriers, crash management plan. barrier and guard stones have been proposed for traffic safety. 2. The detailed study of the Environmental management plan is given in chapter 7 of EIA/EMP report. (xxvii) Accident data and geographic distribution  All accident prone spots have been should be reviewed and analyzed to predict and reviewed and analyzed and improved identify trends? Incase of expansion of the as per IRC standards. existing highway and provide Post accident  During 2-lane with paved shoulder, all emergency assistance and medical care to the sharp curve will be eased and accident victims congested stretches will be bypassed (Daniawan, Harnaut and Barh bypass).  During post construction phase, ambulance and first aid facilitation will be available round the clock at Toll Plaza. (xxviii) If the proposed project involves any land reclamation, details to be provided for which activity land to reclaim and the area of land to be Not required reclaimed Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 15 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. TOR issued by MoEF Measures Proposed (xxix) Details of the properties, houses, businesses etc. Due to the proposed widening of the road activities likely to be effected by land 86 residential structures, 40 commercial acquisition and their financial loses annually. structures, 43 community properties including 7 Temple/Shrine and16 Hand pumps will be partially affected. (Details are given in Chap 6) (xxx) Detailed R&R plan with data on the existing  RAP has been designed as per NHIIP socio-economic status of the population in the entitlement framework as discussed in study area and broad plan for resettlement of the Chap 6 displaced population, site for the resettlement  Any resettlement colony is not colony, alternative livelihood concerns/ proposed. employment and rehabilitation of the displaced No civil and housing amenities are being people, civil and housing amenities being offered to affected families. offered, etc and the schedule of the implementation of the project specific. (xxxi) Submit details of Corporate Social  Corporate social responsibility has Responsibility. Necessary provisions should be been considered to the extent possible made in the budget within project limits.  Schools and other sensitive locations are safe guarded against all adverse impacts .Playgrounds will be leveled with extra earth which may be generated from construction. (xxxii) Estimated cost of the project including Total project cost is Rs 420.07 crore, environmental monitoring cost and funding which includes Rs 83 lakhs as agencies, whether governmental or on the basis environmental cost and Rs 42.08 crores of BOT, etc, provide details of budget R&R cost including land acquisition. provisions (capital & recurring) for the project World Bank is the funding agency. specific R&R Plan. Details of Environmental budget have been provided in chapter 7 of EIA/EMP report. (xxxiii) Submit environmental management and Environmental Management and monitoring plan for all phases of the project viz. Monitoring Plan is attached in chapter 7 construction and operation. of EIA report. 1.6 VALIDITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE The prior environmental clearance granted is valid for a period of five years. The regulatory authority concerned may extend this validity period by a maximum period of five years. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 16 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar 1.7 POST ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE MONITORING Project management unit will have to submit half-yearly compliance reports as per the stipulated environmental clearance terms and conditions to the regulatory authority concerned, on 1st June and 1 st December of each calendar year as per EIA Notification 14th Sep 2006. These reports shall be made available on website and related latest document by the concerned regulatory authority. 1.8 TRANSFERABILITY OF EC The present project is Ministry of Road Transport and Highways project. Transferability of EC is not required /applicable for public projects. 1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND CODE OF PRACTICES Documents studied for the present environment assessment exercise is presented below.  Environmental Impact Assessment Guidance Manual for Highways, MoEF 2010.  Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of India EIA notification 2006  Environment Impact Assessment – A Manual, 2001 - Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of India  Environmental Guidelines for Rail/Road/Highway Project – 1989, Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of India  Roads and Environment – A Handbook, 1997 – World Bank  Handbook on Environmental Procedures and Guidelines, 1994 Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of India  Operational Policy of World Bank (OP) 4.01. National standards and codes of practice of Indian Roads Congress and MoRT&H particular to environmental issues are used for proposed project are given in Table: 1.5. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 17 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table 1.5: Indian Road Congress Code of Practices for Highway Projects S.No Related subject to recommended code of practices IRC Code 1. Guidelines for use of Fly Ash in Road Embankments IRC: SP: 58-2001 2. Ribbon development along Highways and its prevention IRC: SP: 15-1996 3. Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of IRC: 104-1988 Highway Project 4. Guidelines on Road Drainage IRC: SP: 42-1994 5. Report containing recommendations of the IRC regional IRC: SP: 27-1984 workshops on Highway Safety 6. Recommended practice for Borrow pits for Road IRC: 10-1961 Embankments constructed by Manual operation 7. Road accident Forms IRC: 53-1982 8. Proceedings of International Seminar on sustainable 8.10.2001 development in Road Transport 9. Highway Safety Code IRC: SP: 44-1996 10. Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities IRC: 103-1988 11. Guidelines on Safety in Road Construction Zones IRC: SP: 55:2001 12. Recommended practice for treatment of embankment IRC: 36 – 1974 slopes for erosion control 13. Guidelines on bulk bitumen transportation and storage IRC: SP: 39 equipment 14. Manual on landscaping of roads IRC: SP: 21 – 1979 15. Road safety for children IRC: SP: 32 – 1988 1.10 STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN REPORT The Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan Report has been prepared as per format described in the EIA Notification-2006 and contains following chapters. Executive Summary at the beginning of the report. Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION provides an introduction consisting of the Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 18 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar background of project, brief description of nature, size, location of the project and its importance objectives of EIA and structure of EIA report. Chapter 2 - PROJECT DESCRIPTION describes in terms of its basic activities the need for project, project benefits and sufficient details on the project, location and description of the project etc. Chapter 3 - ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES examines alternative means of carrying out a project involves description of each alternative, summary of adverse impacts of each alternative, mitigation measures proposed for each alternative and selection of best alternative. Chapter 4 - DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT provides the details of study area, period, components & methodology, establishment of baseline for valued environmental components, as identified in the scope, it deals with physical and biological environmental components of baseline environmental conditions in the study area of the project road, namely, soil, hydrology, water quality, climatology, meteorology, ambient air quality, noise levels and land use as well as terrestrial ecology. Baseline environmental conditions for demographic and socio-economic aspects are also presented briefly. Chapter 5 - IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES describes the anticipated potential environmental impacts, both-direct and indirect, reversible and irreversible on different environmental parameters during construction and operation of proposed road and mitigation, offsetting or enhancement measures recommended. Chapter 6 – ADDITIONAL STUDIES Gives the outcome of public consultation, social impact assessment and R&R action plans Chapter 7 - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) Gives the description of the administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigative measures, Environmental monitoring plan are implemented and their effectiveness monitored after approval of the EIA. Chapter 8 - ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET Chapter 9 DISCLOSURES OF CONSULTANTS References Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 19 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Introduction The whole of the Project Highway NH 30A falls in Bihar State ,it starts at Fathua ( km 0.0) and ends at T-Junction at km 171of NH 31 at Barh ( total existing length 69.600km) in Patna district in between it traverses for a length of 33 km in Nalanda district. The Project Highway traverses through plain terrain in two both the district viz Patna, and Nalanda. No litigation as such against the project is pending as yet. Major settlements along the project road are Fathua, Macharriyaw, Dannara, Daniawan, Nagarnousa, Narsanda, Madhopur, Jaitipur, Harnuat and Barh. The project road meets national highway -31 at different locations i.e. (i) at Harnaut (km 40.0), and (ii) at Barh (km 69.600). At Daniawan (km 9. 0) SH -4 from Islampur and Hilsa joins and use NH-30A up to Fathua for going to Patna. At Chandi (km 25.0) SH-78 from Hilsa joins the project road and uses it to travel towards Harnaut and Barh via NH-30A and to Bakhtiarpur via NH-31.The proposed length of the project highway is 71.80 km as per TOR. 2.2 Need for the Project The region traversed by NH-30A requires efficient transport network for goods as well as for passengers, A Rail coach Factory is coming up at Harnaut and National Thermal Power Corporation is establishing super thermal power plant near Barh. The project will contribute towards efficient Road network which would facilitate the Investors to pump their money in private sector through Private – Public Partnership (PPP) mode to meet the growing need of such industrial setups. The Sectors that are likely to grow rapidly with up-gradation of NH-30A are Agro based Industries, Health and Education Sector, etc. There are clusters of small scale glass industries and fishing production adjoining this stretch during frequent traffic congestion on NH 30 trucks predominantly use Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 20 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar this road to transport agri produce fish to Patna and to other districts from where it is exported. Hence it is an important socio economic link for the state of Bihar. The state of Bihar is one of the poorest states in India in terms of the gross state domestic product per capita and the poverty index. The Indian government has taken initiatives, to improve the overall socio-economic environment in the country. The project road will definitely boost up the untapped agriculture activities, setting up of industries, carrying of agriculture based products to the larger towns and cities of the region. Better road will attract more tourists, which will add on to the economic growth. More Employment generation, and the farmers will not depend on the middleman to sell their crops they can directly go to the cities to bargain. 2.3 Expected benefits from the sub-project It is expected that the various benefits arising because of project will be triggered off due to improved accessibility to various services such as easy access to market, health facility, schools, and standard of living. Improved connectivity will facilitate travel to Block development offices and other local government/ development agencies. Women especially will benefit, since their mobility will be augmented both in terms of access to social services, as well as access to higher levels of schooling. Women’s access to higher levels of health care outside the village particularly during the time of childbearing will also improve considerably. Various positive impacts and benefits expected from the proposed project are furnished below.  Improvement of project road would increase new economic and employment opportunities by catering good connection to new markets, production centre. As a result villagers would be able to transport their produce faster and get more profit margins instead of depending solely on local ‘haats’ and middlemen.  With the project, good connectivity would attract industrialists; businessmen to set up agro-based industries and new business centre like Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 21 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar fisheries, fruits, vegetables. It will create opportunity in the uplift of poor farmers.  Improved connectivity will attract tourists as project road is only mode of transportation to religious places like Biharsheriff.  Improve the condition of existing traffic flow by removing all bottlenecks at various locations.  With road improvement, it will reduce the cost of transportation and fuel consumption.  Increase the carrying capacity of the existing traffic volume and enable it to cater to the future traffic.  Improve the condition of existing traffic flow by removing all bottlenecks at various locations.  Improve the numerous intersections on entire stretch of the highway linkage of the NH-30A within the section (Km 0.00 to Km 71.800) and particularly with the road is connected to NH 30 and NH 31.  Essential and emergency services like schools, health centre, public distribution system etc can be availed faster. 2.4 Location of the Project The project road is located in two Districts viz. Patna and Nalanda in the state of Bihar. Project road falls on the global position with starting point latitude 250 30’72” N, longitude 850 17’ 53.13”E in District Patna and project end point latitude 250 28’34” N longitude 850 42’ 31.87”E 86°31'38.53"E in district Patna (Fig-1.1). The proposed project road length is 71.800 km, including proposed bypasses and realignments. 2.5 Existing Conditions 2.5.1 Existing Right of Way (RoW) The existing RoW is varying from 10.85 m to 36.25 m. The minimum RoW of 10.85 m is at Daniawan between km 9.000 to km 9.300 built-up area and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 22 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar maximum 36.25m ROW is in open area at km 12.600 . The Chainage wise detail of existing ROW for entire project length is given in Annexure 2.1. 2.5.2 Major Settlements Enroute The project road traverses through villages belonging to 7 Tehsils (subdivision) and 81 habitations in 2 districts, in state of Bihar. The list of all habitations/ villages through which the road passes is given in Annexure 2.2. 2.5.3 Existing carriageway configuration with road geometry 2.5.3.1 Carriageway Details Majority of the road length is single and intermediate lane carriageway and is not sufficient enough to cater existing traffic volume. Chainage wise existing carriageway width is mentioned below in Table 2.1. Table 2.1: Existing Carriageway Details Single/ Width in Chainage (km) Sl. No Section of Road Intermediate/ 2 (m) lane From To 1 Fathua to Jaitipur 2 Lane/IL 0.000 25.00 7.0 2 Jatipura to Harnaut Intermediate 25.000 39.700 5.5 3 Harnaut to Barh Single Lane 39.700 69.600 3.0 2.5.3.2 Deficient Horizontal Curves The horizontal geometry needs improvement at 16 locations, the details of these locations are attached as Annexure 2.3. 2.5.3.3 Existing Vertical Curves At 156 locations in existing Highway the Vertical Geometric of highway does not qualify minimum Sight Distance as per IRC: 66-1976 and found deficient. The details of these locations are attached as Annexure 2.3. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 23 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar 2.5.4 Pavement condition The pavement conditions have been assessed based on visual observation (formation of cracks, rutting, potholes, ravelling) and pavement investigation (details in Technical Report). The existing road condition varies from good to very poor. There are some stretches which are badly damaged between km 4.00 to km 17.00 (13km) because of the poor condition of the sub-grade and other factors. There are also some sections which are overtopped by flood water damaging the pavement. Details of the existing pavement condition survey are given in Table 2.2. The environment concerns associated due to poor pavement are slow movement of vehicles, traffic congestion resulting into generation of high air & noise pollution indirectly affecting the population residing along the road. Table 2.2: Pavement condition of the project Road Sl No. From To (km) Length Average Pavement (km) (km) Roughness Condition in Bl (mm/km) 1 0.00 4.00 4 2951 Average 2 4.00 17.00 13 4145 Poor 3 17.00 46.00 29 2345 Average 4 46.00 68.00 22 1633 Good The pavement condition is poor on majority of road length and is a concern from road user’s safety, high vehicle operation and maintenance cost, and increase travel time. 2.5.5 Protection work There is no protection work and soil erosion control measures at existing road. Flood Prone Section Two flood over-topping bridges are reported in the project road, one is at km 10+385 and the other at km 64+505. The canal runs parallel to the existing highway. Two locations in the project section have been identified as canal flow over-topping. Fig 2.1 below presents the bridges over-topping locations in the project road: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 24 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Fig 2.1: Over-topped Bridge at the Chainage 10+385 and at the Chainage 64+505 Hydrological and Hydraulic Study As per CWC report the project highway passes through subzone 1(D). It is crossed by a number of rivers. Several bridges are submersible and substantial part of the project area is susceptible to flooding. The banks of the streams are not well defined as the stream cross section is flat. Beyond Harnaut, the bridges and culverts (except the major bridges) serve for balancing the flood water flow. The flooding is influenced by Mohane river discharge before Harnaut, it is influenced by Phallgu river water in stretch up to km 8. 2.5.6 Existing Cross Drainage Structure A detailed survey (visual inspection) of the existing structures has been carried out by the concerned key professionals to assess and ascertain the existing condition/characteristics of bridges and other structures. Bridges There are 12 major bridges and 26 minor bridges in the project road. Out of the major bridges, 7 are submersible/weak/narrow and are to be reconstructed. Out of remaining, 5 major bridges proposed to be retained, 3 were recently constructed and construction of 2 bridges is in progress. Out of 26 minor bridges, 17 are weak/narrow, submersible requiring reconstruction and the remaining are proposed for retention. Abstract of inventory and condition details of Major and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 25 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Minor Bridges and of Culverts are given in Annexure -2.4. All major bridges, except 2 proposed for reconstruction are running close to railway bridges up to km 8. Therefore, reliance has been made on the span length provided for railway bridges and HFL markings on these bridges. For other bridges, reliance on local enquiry and discussion with officials have also been made. Data are also collected from the bridges under construction at site. It is learnt that the highest flood level occurred some time in 1976 when several parts of the road were submerged. The Soffit of the bridge has been kept slightly above the HFL of 1976 flood. In other words, although for discharge and waterway for lower HFL has been considered, but for the purpose of passage of flood water below the bridge, higher HFL has been considered. Culverts The project road has 157 culverts. Out of these, 101 are pipe culverts, 38 are slab culverts, 18 are box culverts. Out of these, 69 culverts are weak or have an inadequate water way and are proposed for replacement. 31 culverts are proposed to be widened. An abstract of inventory of culverts along with improvement suggested is given in Annexure 2.4. ROB/Fly-over No such structure is in existence under the project stretch. The present project is for rehabilitation and upgrading to 2-lane/2 lane with paved shoulders within the available ROW limit as far as possible. 2.5.7 Traffic Details Existing Traffic Composition Traffic volume count data for 7 days at each location was averaged to determine Average Daily Traffic (ADT). Average of 7 days in terms of ADT (No.) and ADT (PCU) is given in the Table 2.3. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 26 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar km 5.600 km 24.000 km 56.000 Categories ADT ADT ADT ADT ADT ADT (No.) (PCU) (No.) (PCU) (No.) (PCU) 2-Wheeler 1788 894 1972 987 297 149 3-Wheeler 1438 1438 949 949 7 7 Passenger Car 685 685 886 886 19 19 Utility Vehicle 795 795 190 190 54 54 Buse Mini Bus 166 249 132 198 3 5 s Standard Bus 49 147 146 438 10 30 LCV LCV-Passenger 162 244 77 116 26 39 LCV-Freight 292 438 108 162 23 35 MA Truck 2-Axle Trucks 227 681 336 1008 94 282 s 3-Axle Trucks 497 1491 391 1173 132 396 Semi Articulated 26 117 32 144 3 14 V 50 225 35 158 2 10 Tractors with Trailer 162 729 221 995 25 113 Tractor without Trailer 28 42 64 96 13 20 Total Slow Moving Vehicles 270 606 1272 887 398 256 Total Exempted Vehicles 112 112 269 269 4 4 Total Tollable Vehicles 2949 5072 2333 4473 366 884 Total Traffic 6747 8893 7080 8656 1110 1433 Daily Variation of Traffic 8000 7000 6000 Traffic in No. 5000 km 5.600 4000 km 24.000 3000 km 56.000 2000 1000 0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day Fig. 2.2 Daily Traffic Variation Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 27 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Daily variation of traffic (Figure 2.2) during different days of week at all CVC locations in terms of ADT is given in Figure 2.3 and peak pedestrian flow is shown in Table 2.4. At km 5.600 the variation in daily traffic is from 1.0% to - 9.00% of the ADT, at km 24.000 the variation in daily traffic is from 1.0% to 12.0% of the ADT, at km 56.000 the variation in daily traffic is from 1.0% to 8.0% of the ADT. 10000 8893 8656 9000 ADT (No.) 7080 8000 ADT (PCU) 6747 7000 6000 values 5000 4000 3000 1110 1433 2000 1000 0 km 5.600 km 24.000 km 56.000 Locations Fig. 2.3 ADT at all stations Table 2.4 Peak Pedestrian flow Peak Peak Sl Locatio School Chainag Hour Pedestrian Vehicular PV2/108 No n Name e (km) Flow(P) Flow (V) Nagar Madhya 9.00- 1 Vidhayala 16+000 98 133 1.6988516 Nausa 10.00 ya Nagar St. Marry 9.00- 2 16+200 85 97 0.6798003 Nausa School 10.00 Nagar Balika 9.00- 3 Vidhyalay 16+300 65 114 0.549081 Nausa 10.00 a 2.5.8 Animal Crossing To prevent the accident due to animal crossing, animal crossing survey was conducted on 25rd and 26th October, 2010 are provided in Table 2.5. No significant count was observed for underpasses, so there is no separate under Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 28 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar passes is proposed for animal crossing. There is no heavy traffic and proposed road is 2-lane with paved shoulder so agriculture material can easily moved across the road and there is no need of under passes. Table 2.5: Animal crossing data Side of carriage Date of Across Sl.No. Location way survey Carriageway 1 10.00 18 25.10.2010 12 2 18.400 14 25.10.2010 10 3 29.200 16 25.10.2010 14 4 46.400 20 25.10.2010 15 5 55.200 25 26.10.2010 18 6 75.500 8 26.10.2010 6 7 90.600 15 26.10.2010 10 2.6 Road Accidents Details The accident data from 7 police stations along the project corridor are collected. The number of accidents occurred on NH 30A in 2008, 2009 and 2010 are 22, 77 and 117 respectively. Locations of accidents in villages of Patna and Nalanda district in different years are given in Table 2.6. Table 2.6: Accident data at locations along the project road Name of Police Year 2008- Sl No. Year 2007-2008 Year 2009-2010 Station 2009 1 Fathua - 45 77 2 Dhaniawan 6 6 7 3 Nagarnausa 11 10 7 4 Chandi 5 13 11 5 Harnaut - - 7 6 Belchhi - - 6 7 Barh - 3 2 guidelines provided in “Guidelines on design of At-Grade intersections in Rural and urban Areas (IRC: SP: 41-1994)”. For other important Junction with NH- 30A, typical plans and details of different types of junctions such as + junction, T- junction, Y-junction with required improvements has been finalized. Attempt has been made to accommodate improved junctions within available ROW and acquisition of additional land has been avoided as far as possible. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 29 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar CHAPTER-3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 3.1 Introduction The consideration of alternatives is one of the more proactive sides of environmental assessment enhancing the project design through examining options to avoid or minimize impacts that would be inevitable if technically (based on design speed and geometrics) best-fit alignment is followed. This calls for the systematic comparison of feasible alternatives for the proposed project site, technology and operational alternatives. Alternatives are compared in terms of their potential environmental, social impacts, capital and recurrent costs, suitability under local conditions, and institutional, training and monitoring requirements. The environmental costs and benefits are quantified to the extent possible, economic values are assessed where feasible on the basis for the selected alternatives are stated. 3.2 “With” and “Without” Project Scenario The mandate of the current project is to widen the existing road to 2 lanes with provision of paved shoulder in the build-up sections and hence “With” and “Without” project scenarios are analyzed. The methodology that has been adopted for the evaluation of the alternate alignment route for construction of Project Road is based on engineering, economic, environmental and social considerations .The minimization of environmental impacts by considering design alternatives determines the extent of mainstreaming of the environmental component. An evaluation of the various alignment options has been evaluated for arriving at the most promising alignment. The comparison of both the scenario is presented at Table 3.1. Table 3.1: ‘With’ and ‘Without’ Project Scenario Component With’ Project Scenario Without’ Project Scenario Carriageway 2 lane with paved shoulder throughout the 2 lane/intermediate/earthen length shoulder Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 30 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Traffic The widening of existing highway and construction of Daniawan bypass (from km 7.475 to km 9.515), Harnaut bypass from km 38.760 to km 42.30 and Barh bypass from km 67.45 to km 174.03 of NH-31 will greatly relieve congestion within town as Congestion in, Daniawan, Harnaut through traffic will not enter. Hence, local and Barh towns. traffic will get greater speed within the towns Road Safety Service road has been built on both sides of There is high incidence of all the urban sections. Road signs and road accidents in all of the sections of markings to be provided at appropriate the project Road due to excessive locations. Zebra crossings have been speeds in congested areas and marked at busy crossing points overtaking on undivided road sections. Environmental The widening of existing 2lane and the Poor due to congestion and high proposed bypasses will improve emission levels because of slow Quality environmental quality within the villages movement of traffic. A further and towns due to lowered pollution levels deterioration is expected due to and relieving of congestion. Short term increase in traffic volumes and increase in dust and noise levels during further congestion within the construction activities. towns. Better Reduction in time and fuel consumption for easy and fast movement through the Transportation major towns and villages. Better Access to Increased vehicle operating costs markets due to reduced speeds Facilities Economic There will be increased access to markets. Local people will be employed during Development construction of the project road. Better The economy will remain static. transport facilities will lead to access to new employment centers All weather Road will be accessible throughout year Due to improper drainage system Accessibility since drainage will be improved along all & bad conditions of road except sections. small section, road get blocked for Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 31 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar traffic during heavy rains Loss of Property Some people will lose their property and Project may provide job/ and livelihood livelihood due to land acquisition for livelihood opportunities to people bypasses and widening of existing road through commercial establishment where ROW is not sufficient to in area due to good connectivity accommodate the road design with other cities and towns. Change in 1.Temporary degradation of air quality Slow speed of vehicles on rough Environmen tal because of hot mix plant, stone crusher, road emit high level of particulate quality during generator and other machinery during matters and gases which cause air construction construction pollution and drivers use horn during congestions which lead 2. Machinery will cause noise pollution noise pollution 3. Construction spills, wastes, degraded materials will cause deterioration of soil quality and surface water. Change in Less Noise pollution because of ease in Deterioration of air quality through Environmental congestion and diversion of traffic through dust, gasses and noise pollution quality after bypasses because of vehicles speed and congestions. construction Loss of Vegetative cover will be removed within vegetative cover corridor of Impact. Compensatory plantation will enhance vegetative cover of area after 3-4 years. Access to basic Easy access to basic facilities due to fine Difficulty in accessing the basic facilities such as road facilities due to heavy traffic. Markets, schools, Hospitals etc. By looking at the Table 3.1, “with” project scenario, with its minor adverse impacts is more acceptable than the “without” project scenario which would mean an aggravation of the existing problems. The potential benefits of the proposed road improvements are substantial and far-reaching both in terms of the geographical spread and time. Hence, it is clear that the implementation of the Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 32 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar project will have definite advantage to area in development of its economy and progress for its people. 3.3 Analysis of Alternatives Alignment After having examined the feasibility of the road-improvement in the existing alignment, it is concluded that some of the project segment (mainly thickly built- up stretches) may have technical, social and environmental constrains during construction because these critical stretches are experiencing congestion, encroachment of RoW and poor geometry. Therefore, it is pertinent to develop alternative alignment to these critical stretches. These alternatives have been analyzed keeping in view social, environmental and technical parameters and thus the best alternative has been finalized. At three locations, project road passes through congested areas-  Daniawan Bypass ( km 7.475 to km 9.515)  Harnaut Bypass (km 38.760 to km 42.30)  Barh Bypass (km 67.45 to km 174.03 of NH-31) 3.3.1 Alternative Alignment of Daniawan The existing alignment of project road passes through dense populated area of Daniawan town and railway track from Patna to Bihar Sharif is running parallel to the existing alignment until Daniawan rail station and adjacent market. Fig. 3.1: Details of Daniawan Bypass and ROB (km 7.475 to km 9.515) Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 33 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Construction of ROB along the existing alignment is not possible due to 70o skew of Railway line and heavy land acquisition at Daniawan market leading to R&R issues. Hence a Bypass is recommended with a length of about 2.24 km from km 7.475 to km 9.510. Table 3.2 gives a comparative statement for recommending a Bypass. The approved alignment follows through the left hand side of existing alignment. Its alignment is shown in Fig. 3.1. Table 3.2: Proposed Daniawan Bypass (Length = 2.24 km) Sl Item Existing South side Bypass No. 1 The Capacity available Existing carriageway is - along the Existing intermediate lane (5.5 m). Highway Capacity available 5000 PCU/day in both directions 2 The capacity a) Present Traffic = 9195 PCU/day a) Capacity of two-lane requirement for the b) Projected capacity requirement Bypass = 18,000 PCU/day through traffic = 63,512 PCU/day after 15 years with Paved shoulder for of construction in 2030 LOS B and 25,000 PCU/day for LOS C. 3 Turning movement Hilsa (5120 PCU/day) Fathua (5342 PCU/day) count Harnaut (4110 PCU/day) 4 The composition of a) Cars = 1076 a) Car = 1076 traffic that is likely to b) Buses = 68 b) Buses = 68 use the proposed c) LCV = 640 c) LCV = 640 bypass d) Trucks = 1048 d) Trucks = 1048 5 The constraint that a) Narrow ROW (14 m to 20 ) exist for capacity b) ROB approaches and service improvement of the road cannot be constructed within existing highway available narrow ROW. The ROB NA is having skew of over 70o. c) Acquisition of costly land and structures d) Utility shifting like 20 electric poles, 9 telephone poles, etc. 6 Comparison of land a) Land – 1 ha a) Land = 7.50 ha acquisition b) Structures = 25 requirement and R&R c) Temples = 2 requirements for all Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 34 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar options for the alignment including the existing highway 7 Cost of each of the Rs 18.80 crore Total cost = Rs 18.89 crore alternative a) Road work = 9.02 crore b) ROB = 8.61 crore c) Service Road along ROB =1.07 crore d) Land Acquisition = 0.19 crore 8 Technical difficulties a) ROB approaches and service w.r.t. each of the road cannot be constructed within alternatives available narrow ROW. b) Poor traffic safety c) Railways will not allow ROB with excessive skew angle d) Congested habitation and market between km 7.500 and km 9.500 9 Result of consultations a) Poor traffic safety due to People are willing to give with the public and congested road land for Bypass revenue authorities b) Cost of acquisition of land and structures is very high c) People are not willing to surrender their shops and buildings and relocate 10 Cost – Benefits a) Huge cost of acquisition of land a) Fuel saving due to smooth analysis for each of and structures flow of traffic. the alternatives b) Cutting of trees = 25 b) No acquisition of c) Utility shifting like 20 electric structures/shops. poles, 9 telephone poles, etc. c) Enhanced safety of traffic. 11 Justification of ROB No. of Trains = 10 according to clause 7.7 Fast Moving Traffic in 2015 of IRC 62 (ROB is (excluding traffic turning to Hilsa) = 7,718 required if Projected Product = 77,175 capacity is greater than 25,000 for new Road and 50,000 for existing road) Bad geometry, Social and safety problem in option 1 due to market area parallel to Barh Station. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 35 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Option 2: Recommended 3.3.2 Alternative Alignment of Harnaut Bypass (km 38.760 to km 42.300) The existing NH 30A at Harnaut joins NH 31( at Chainage 144.850) and traverses along NH 31 for about 150 m distance and takes off at Chainage 145.000 of NH 31 forming 2 T junctions. The congested portion of Harnaut is shown in Fig. 3.2. There after it traverses though congested market/residential portion of Harnaut and then crosses railway line at km 41.250. Three options for Harnaut town portion have been examined and a comparative statement of the three options is given in Fig 3.2. Fig 3.2: Congested Portion of Harnaut Town Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 36 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Fig. 3.3: Options for Bypass at Harnaut Option-1 The habitation/built up area is from km 38.900 to km 42.15. There is congested market between km 40.00 and km 41.250 (up to railway line). A railway coach factory is also under construction by the side of the railway track. The Right of Way available is only about 15m. As per IRC: SP: 73 in built up area 4-lane section will be adopted. There would also be a need for 4-lane ROB over existing level crossing. This would require demolition of 27 buildings few shops and 4 temples besides felling of 20 nos. trees and relocation of 19 Electric Poles, 8 Telephone Poles. Carrying heavy traffic through built up area besides hindering movement of traffic would be safety hazard for local public. Construction of ROB at the existing site would be difficult and would require shifting of level crossing temporarily during construction period. The estimated cost of 4-lane road in a length of 3.25 km (km 38.900 to km 42.150) with a 4-lane ROB on railway track works out to Rs 40.32 crores. Option -2 Under this option a bypass is the proposed on the Northern side of NH-30A between km 38.900 and km 42.900. It will meet NH-30A after crossing the railway coach factory which is under construction. The start point is km 38.900 of NH-30A and end point is km 42.900 of NH-30A. The length of the bypass would Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 37 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar be 4.44 km. This would require 2-lane bypass in a length of 4.44 km, construction of 2-lane ROB, one flyover over NH-31 crossing and two pedestrian underpasses. It would require acquisition of 3 buildings and 19.8 hectares of land. The cost of construction is estimated to be Rs 32.70 crores. Option-3 In this option a new two lane bypass is proposed on the Southern side of the existing NH30A starting at km 38.900 and ending at km 42.150. The length of bypass would be 3.28 km. It would traverse through the open fields and would necessitate acquisition of 14.76 Hectare of land, construction of two lane roads in 3.28 km, one flyover over NH-31 and two Pedestrian/cattle underpasses. The cost of this option of bypass works out to Rs 27.72 After completion of Up gradation of NH 30A, the traffic from NH31 from east side would prefer NH 30A as it would avoid congested portion of Barh, Bhaktiarpur and Harnaut. The cost of option 3 is also lowest amongst the three alternatives. Therefore, Option 3 having 3.28 km of 2-lane bypass on the Southern side is proposed to be adopted. Comparative statement showing two options is given in Table 3.3. Table 3.3: Proposed Harnaut Bypass Options Item Option 1* Option 2 Option 3 From / To km 38.9 to km 42.15 of km 38.900 – km km 38.900 – km 42.300 NH-30A 42.900 Length 3.25 km 4.44 km 3.67 km Existing ROW 15-25 m Nil Nil Proposed ROW 22 m 30 m 30 m Major Bridges Nil Nil Nil Minor Bridges Nil Nil Nil Culverts 5 Hume Pipe 6 Box 6 Box VUP/PUP - 2 PUP 2 PUP ROB 1 to be constructed (At 1 1 km 41+250) Structures to be acquired 27 buildings, 3 Buildings 0 4 Temple Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 38 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Land to be acquired 1 ha 19.8 ha 12.89 ha Utility Shifting 8 Telephone, 19 Electrical Poles Trees to be cut 20 No. Flyover Construction - 1 1 Others Crossing NH-31 Crossing NH-31 Total Cost (Rs crore) 40.32 32.70 27.97 *Social and safety problem and bad geometry in option 1 due to market portion The approved alignment option 3 follows through the left hand side of existing alignment. 3.3.3 Alternative Alignment of Barh Barh Bypass (km 67.45 to km 174.03) The existing NH-30A at Barh joins NH-31 at Chainage 171.000 and traverses along NH-31 from Barh to Mokama, Barauni, Khagaria, Purnia, Kishan Ganj upto West Bengal Border forming T-junctions with NH-31 at Barh. Thereafter it traverses though congested market/residential portion of Barh and then crosses railway line at km 68.380 of NH-30A. The congested portion in Barh is shown in Fig. 3.4. Fig. 3.4: Congested Portion in Barh Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 39 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar The congested portion starts at Chainage km 67.450 of NH-30A and end at km 174.03 of NH-31.Three options for Barh town portion have been examined and marked on Google Map and shown in Fig 3.5. The details of each of the three options are given in Table 3.4. Fig 3.5: Map Showing the Barh Bypass Option Table 3.4: Comparative Statement - Barh Bypass Item Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 From / to km 67.200 - km 69.600 km 67.200 – km km 66.500 of NH 30A 165.000 (NH 31) - km 174.030 (NH 31) Length 2.4 km 6.10 km 5.16 km Existing ROW 15-23 m Nil Nil Proposed ROW 22 m 30 m 30m Major Bridges Nil Nil Nil Minor Bridges Nil Nil Nil Culverts 1 Pipe Nil Nil VUP/PUP 2 PUP - Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 40 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar ROB 1 1 1 Buildings to be 51 Buildings Nil Nil acquired (Hect.) 6 Temple Land to be acquired 1 ha 27.45 ha 17.6 ha Utilities shifting 73 electric poles & - - 13 telephone poles Total Cost (Crore) 37.004 33.598 27.54 Option- 1 The habitation/built up area is from km 67.200 to km 69.600. There is congested market between km 67.200 and km 69.600 and up to NH-31. The Right of Way available is only about 16 m. As per IRC: SP: 73 in built up area 4-lane section is to be adopted. There would also be a need for 4-lane ROB over existing level crossing. This would require acquisition of 51 buildings & shops and 6 temples besides felling of 25 Trees and relocation of 74 Electric Poles, and 13 Telephone Poles. Carrying heavy traffic through built up area besides hindering movement of traffic would be safety hazard for local public. The estimated cost of 4-lane road in a length of 2.40 km (km 67.200 to km 69.600) with a 4-lane ROB on railway track works out to Rs 37.004 crores. Option -2 Under this option a bypass is the proposed on the Northern side of NH-30A between km 67.200 and km 165.000 of NH-31 and goes upto West Bengal Border. The start point is km 67.200 of NH-30A and end point is km 165.000 of NH-31. The length of the bypass would be 6.100 km. This would require 2-lane bypass in a length of 6.100 km, construction of 2- lane ROB crossing railway line and two pedestrian underpasses. It would require acquisition of 27.45 hectares of land. The cost of construction is estimated to be Rs 33.598 crores. Option- 3 In this option a new two lane bypass is proposed on the Southern side of the existing NH- 30A starting at km 67.200 and ending at km 173.00 on NH-31. The Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 41 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar length of bypass would be 5.31 km. It would traverse through the open fields and would necessitate acquisition of 23.895 Hectare of land, construction of two lane road in 5.31 km, two Pedestrian/cattle underpasses. The cost of this option of bypass works out to Rs 30.31 Crores. The traffic coming from Barh and Bihar Sharif area use this road and no constraint from point of view of traffic flow. A comparative statement of the three options is given in Table 3.4. After completion of Upgradation of NH-30A the traffic from NH-31 from south side (Bihar Sharif) would prefer NH-30A as it would avoid congested portion of Barh, Bhaktiarpur and Harnaut. The cost of option 3 is also lowest amongst the three alternatives. Therefore, option 3 having 5.31 km of 2-lane bypass on the Southern side is proposed to be adopted. Conclusion & Recommendation Railway line runs parallel to the existing Road which leaves no scope for adequate widening of it. Considering the length of congestion and number of PAPs in all alternative options, it is being suggested to go for Bypasses  Daniawan Bypass ( km 7.475 to km 9.515)  Harnaut Bypass (km 38.760 to km 42.30)  Barh Bypass (km 67.45 to km 174.03 of NH-31) 3.4 Widening Option Due importance has been given to environmental and social issues while road designing. The coordination between social and design team helped in minimizing the number of PAPs and affected families. In view of its proposed development, Concentric Widening option has been proposed in most of the project section to avoid extra land acquisition, minimize the negative social and environmental Impact for one side only and reduction in the number of PAPs. However, eccentric widening option (one side widening) has been proposed where geometrical correction was required on one side for improvement of existing road alignment. Based on the fixation of the alignment along the whole stretch, various typical cross sections based on eccentric and concentric widening were developed to Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 42 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar cater to all the sections across the entire stretch. The main cross-sectional elements are right-of-way, carriageway width, median, shoulders, footpath, camber (cross-fall or cross slope), and embankment side slope. Cross-sectional elements have been designed after carefully analyzing the various design factors in context of the project stretch including Volume and type of traffic, Economic considerations, Type of settlement i.e. urban, semi-urban or rural, Nature of land use, commercial, residential etc, Existing RoW especially in built- up areas, Ease of movement without conflicts, Drainage and runoff considerations, Type of junction points and link roads, Pedestrian traffic and Public/ community structures as well as the likely number of PAPs. The details of these typical cross-sections are summarized below in Table 3.5. Table 3.5: Summary of Typical Cross Sections Proposed Earthen Foot-Path and Sl Type of Widening Carriageway Paved Shoulder Width (m) Shoulder Drain Width No. and its applicability Width (m) Width (m) (m) 1 Concentric Widening 7.00 1.50 m from Fathua to Harnaut 2.50 m Not in Rural (Open) Area (39 km length) beyond applicable Harnaut 2 Concentric Widening 7.00 1.50 m from Fathua to Harnaut 1.00 m 1.50 m in Built-up section (39 km length) and in built up Footpath- sections of 2.14 km. cum-drain 3 Eccentric Widening 7.00 1.50 m from Fathua to Harnaut 1.00 m Not in Rural (Open) Area (39 km length) applicable 4 Eccentric Widening 7.00 1.50 m from Fathua to Harnaut 1.00 m 1.50 m in Built-up section (39 km length) and in built up Footpath- sections of 2.14 km. cum-drain In context of the safety requirements traffic as well as segregation of the fast moving and slow traffic, paved Shoulders are proposed in a total length of 41.00 kilometer. The project road is proposed for widening to two-lane with 1.5 m paved shoulders from Fathua to Chandi (km 0 to km 26) and two-lane with earthen shoulders from Chandi to end of the project road within the available ROW. 5.5 m wide service roads are proposed on both sides of ROB as per site requirement in a length of Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 43 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar 1.40 km. The details of widening scheme of the project road showing TCS is given in Annexure 3.1. 3.5 Proposed Improvement Plan The Proposed improvement of highway with provisions of traffic safety measures is given in Table 3.6. Table 3.6: Improvement Plan Sl Project Features Proposal under Improvement Plan No. 69 km. Proposed length has increased to 71.80 km considering three 1 Total Project Length bypasses. Improvement of Improvement of all the deficient Horizontal and vertical curves proposed in 2 Highway Geometric the project section as per IRC Standards, traffic volume. In context of the safety requirements traffic as well as segregation of the Provision of Paved 3 fast moving and slow traffic, Paved Shoulders are proposed in a total Shoulder length of 41.00 km. 4 Proposed By-Pass Three at Daniawan, Harnaut and Barh with a length of 11.06 km. Raising of highway formation proposed at following locations: Raising of Highway 5 km 10.15 to 13.10, km 13.80 to 14.05, km 42.30 to 46.30, km 50.50 to Formation 54.38 and km 61.76 to 63.80 (Total length = 13.12 km) Recons- Existing Retained Widening Additional Major Bridges truction 6 3 + 2 (under 12 7 0 0 construction) Recons- Minor Bridges Existing Retained Widening Additional 7 truction 26 8 17 1 2 Retained with Abandoned Additio Existing Retained Reconstruction widening nal 8 Culverts 14 + (28 on 157 46 31 69-2* 11 bypasse s) Three in replacement of existing Level Crossing on Daniawan, Harnaut 9 ROB and Barh bypasses. 10 Fly Over NIL Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 44 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Sl Project Features Proposal under Improvement Plan No. Grade Separated 11 NIL Structures Service Roads are proposed for a length of 1.45 km on Daniawan bypass 12 Service Roads (km 1.0 to km 1.624) and Harnaut bypass (km 2.555 to 2.655). Road Side Covered 13 9.88 km RCC Drains 14 Major Junctions 11 15 Minor Junctions Improvement Proposed as per IRC Standards at 105 minor junctions. Road Boundary 16 Proposed Stones 17 Truck lay byes Two at Harnaut bypass (km 2) and km 57 18 Bus Stops 9 The space left between paved shoulder in built up area and buildings is 19 Parking Areas paved to facilitate parking. 20 Toll Plaza Not Proposed Road Safety Guard 21 W-Beam Metal Barrier proposed for a total length of 34.71 km Rails High Embankment Bridge Approaches and High Embankment Zone - total length = 27.32 km 22 Protection by Stone Pitching over filter media. 23 Road Side Plantation (Please obtain from EIA & EMP report) a) Informatory signs = 134 signs + 43.68 m2 sign boards. Provision of Traffic 24 b) Warning signs = 372 Signage c) Regulatory signs = 172 Foot Path and 25 Pedestrian Guard 9.88 km length footpath-cum-drain Rails in Built-up Zone Road markings are proposed as per IRC standards. (Lane/centre line/edge Road marking line/ transverse marking / Zebra Crossing and any other markings) has (Lane/centre line/edge been proposed to be carried out with hot applied thermoplastic paints line/ transverse conforming to ASTM D36/BS-3262 (Part - I) and as per IRC Standard. For 26 marking /Zebra Safety of road user during night travel, retro-refective road delineators Crossing and any have been proposed at identified locations (Approach to Bridges, culverts other markings) & structures, speed restricted section, curved sections, built-up sections, etc. 27 Rehabilitation and Proposed, detailed exercise done and presented in preceding Chapters. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 45 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Sl Project Features Proposal under Improvement Plan No. Resettlement of PAP 3.5.1 Junction Improvements There are 11 Major and Minor T Junctions (State Highway, Major District Roads) in the project stretch as shown in Table 3.7 meeting the project road at different points. Most of these highway junctions fall in the built-up or semi-urban zone. The design considerations has addressed the issues related to the junction improvements at all the critical sections along the project stretch and the same have been discussed and finalized in consultation with the engineering team after checking the technical viability of the proposed design options at various places. Based on engineering analysis by technical design team, all the major junctions (NH, SH & MDR) shall be improved as at grade junctions as per guidelines of IRC. Table 3.7: Major Junction’s details Sl No. Location (km) Type of Junction Intersecting NH / SH / MDR 1 0.000 Y –Junction NH 30 (Patna-Bakhtiyarpur) 2 0.350 (Daniawan T –Junction Start of Daniawan Bypass Bypass) 3 1.630 (Daniawan T –Junction State Highway 4 to Hilsa (End of Bypass) Daniawan Bypass) 4 25.482 + –Junction SH 78 and Hilsa Village Road 5 0.292 (Harnaut Bypass) T –Junction Start of Harnaut Bypass 6 1.245 (Harnaut Bypass) + –Junction NH 31 7 3.378 (Harnaut Bypass) T –Junction End of Harnaut Bypass 8 57.200 T –Junction Road Leading to NH 82 (to Sikpura) 9 0.282 (Barh Bypass) T –Junction Start of Barh Bypass 10 4.300 (Barh Bypass) + –Junction Hanuman Nagar Road 11 4.970 (Barh Bypass) T –Junction End of Barh Bypass with NH 31 Apart from the National Highways, State Highways and Major District Road, a Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 46 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar number of minor roads are meeting NH–30A at different locations throughout the project stretch. These adjoining roads are REO and village roads but majority of them are feeder roads, access roads from houses or side roads connecting small villages to the NH. The REO roads are generally 3.50 m. wide bituminous or WBM roads. But village roads, either constructed by REO or district Administration, are either of brick soling or katccha. It has been proposed to at grade improvement of entire minor connecting road with provision of proper designed Speed breaker before reaching NH-30A. 3.5.2 Wayside Amenities Wayside amenities survey was carried out to ascertain the existing facilities available for passenger and goods traffic along the project corridor. Wayside Amenities like petrol pumps, dhabas, bus stops, etc., exist all along the Project Highway. However, there is a need to integrate the amenities and also supplement by additional amenities. 3.6 Addressal of Safety Issues In Design for Minimizing the Negative Impact The detail of safety features proposed in the project section has been presented below: 3.6.1 Improvement of Deficient Horizontal Curves All the curves have been improved for a design speed of 80 km/h to 100 km/h. Only few curves in built up or difficult terrain have been improved to 50 km/h as per MORTH guidelines to reduce acquisition of land and structures. 3.6.2 Other Improvement and Safety provisions in project Section Pedestrian Guard Railings and Guard Post These will be made of structural steel angles squares. These are proposed for heavily trafficked urban areas to safeguard against stray pedestrians moving into heavily trafficked areas. These will be provided at all the built-up location at inner edge of footpath. The total length of Guard Rails proposed in Built-up Zone of project section has been worked out to 34.71 km. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 47 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Standard Guard posts made of M 20 grade concrete resting on M 15 Grade concrete foundation have been proposed on approaches to Minor Bridges. These guard stones shall be painted with alternate black and white stripes and placed at intervals of 1.5m with and offset of 2m from carriageway edge. Traffic Signs Proper Traffic signs throughout the whole project stretch along with intersections with other roads and other facility location will be provided for giving proper direction and warning to the driver, as well as direct them the route they want to follow. The traffic signs will be as per IRC Standard as will be of “Retro Reflection Type”. The Summary of proposed traffic signs in project section is given in below Table: 3.8. Table 3.8: Summary of Proposed Traffic Signs Informatory Signs, Facility Signs, Direction Signs, Advance 134 signs + 43.68 Direction / Destination Signs, Route Marker Signs etc. m2 sign boards Warning Sign 900 mm. size triangular 372 Mandatory Sign Circular 600 mm dia. 172 Road Markings and Delineators Road marking (Lane/centre line/edge line/ transverse marking /Zebra Crossing and any other markings) shall be carried out with hot applied thermoplastic paints conforming to ASTM D36/BS-3262 (Part - I) and as per IRC Standard. For Safety of road user during night travel, retro-refectories road delineators have been proposed at identified locations (Approach to Bridge, culverts & structure, speed restricted section, curved sections, built-up section etc. in the project section. The summary of such provision is presented in below Table: 3.9. Table 3.9: Road Safety Measures Sl No. Safety Device Quantity 1 Road Signs 678 2 Roadway Delineators 1310 3 Crash barrier 34.71 km Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 48 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar 4 Bus bays 9 5 Truck lay byes 2 Towns/Village 6 Raised Pavement Markers 20,754 s Apart from above, for all the trees on highway flanks, retro-refectories plates marking have been proposed for their clear identification during night travel. Speed Breaker Speed breakers have been proposed in the form of pair of Rumble Strips have been proposed at road crossing locations as well as at locations where there is needs to control speed of traffic to ensure safety. The design of speed breakers shall be as per IRC: 99-1988. Crash Barrier W-Beam Metal Crash Barrier have been proposed on approaches to Bridges, high embankment Zone where height of embankment us more than 3 m and in sharp curve locations. Total 34.71km length has been identified in the project section for provision of W-Beam Metal Crash Barrier. Bus Stop It has been proposed to provide Bus Stops at locations in semi- urban, urban township on either side falling under this project stretch. Total 9 Location have been identified in project section on either side. These bus stops will be provided with passenger shed. Lay-Bye It has been proposed to provide 2 lay–bye one at km 2.00 and at km 5.00 for parking of Trucks in the project stretch. Rumble Strip The purpose of the rumble strip is to reduce the speed so that accidents due to excessive speed can be avoided. Rumble strips are provided at the start and end of the sharp curves, start and end of the built-up area and at the major junctions and also on the minor junctions where traffic on the cross road is significant. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 49 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar CHAPTER-4 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Introduction The collection of baseline information on physical, chemical, biological, social and economic aspects of the project area is the most important reference for conducting environmental impact assessment studies. The description of environmental setting includes the characteristics of area in which the activity of the project road including proposed bypasses would occur and cover area affected by anticipated impacts. For conducting EIA, existing environmental conditions along the project road have been obtained by primary data collection, monitoring, sampling and secondary data collection from published source and various government agencies. The study corridor includes 15 km aerial distance on either side of the project road. 4.2 Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology Environmental Impact Assessment is an assessment to give important feedback to the design team, especially in terms of the sensitive receptor utilities/facilities to be impacted, water logged stretches and locations of religious properties. It helped modify the designs at locations where impacts had to be avoided and incorporate mitigation measures wherever the impacts were unavoidable due to other constraints. The steps covered in the preparation of EIA are as follows: • Review of Documents; • Reconnaissance Surveys; • Collection o f Secondary Data and Generation of Primary Data; • Documentation of Baseline Conditions; • Assessment of Potential Impacts; • Identification of Mitigation and Enhancement Measures; • Analysis of Alternatives; • Public Consultations; and • Preparation of the Environmental Management Plans. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 50 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Study Area Project Influence Area: As per guidelines of EIA Notification-2006 and MoEF Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines Manual for Highways, the Project Influence Area has been defined as 15 km on either side (Arial distance) from boundary of road for collection of secondary data, including impacts due to ancillary sites like borrow areas, quarry, material storage and disposal areas. Direct Impact Zone (DIZ): The primary baseline data has been collected within the right of way as well as area falling within 500 m on either side of existing right of way. The overall project’s direct impact has been identified for the areas coming under Direct Impact Zone, which is the proposed RoW that is 30 m for bypasses, 20 m for open/ rural areas and 14 m in built-up areas. The Map showing project influence area is given in Fig. 4.1. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 51 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar 4.3 Baseline Environmental Conditions A detailed survey has been carried out and a strip plan has been prepared covering all environment features and components in the project stretch, within the project influence area. The primary baseline data has been collected within the proposed RoW as well as area falling within 500 m on either side of existing RoW. The secondary data has been collected within the 15 km aerial distance from boundary of highway. Primary data for ambient air quality, ambient noise status, water quality (Ground and surface) and soil quality was generated for which samples got analyzed through CEG Test House, Jaipur (NABL approved laboratory Annexure 4.1 A). Laboratory Report has been given as Annexure 4.1B. 4.3.1 Topography The topography along the project is in general plain with an elevation of 61 m at Fathua, 49 m at Daniawan, 53 m at Chandi and 43 m at Barh. The general slope is towards north-east. Project districts fall in the older flood plain constituting the intermediate terrace comprised of two land system: (1) A narrow linear east-west arrangement of levee and back swamps, and palaeo-drainage imprint, parallel to the course of Ganga and (ii) inter fluvial land form morphology evolved in response to various river system impressed upon the eroded basement of older Alluvium, in the segments. 4.3.2 Geology The State of Bihar exhibits diverse geological formations ranging in age from Archean to Holocene as shown in Figure 4.2. Geologically, Bihar represents the extreme northern front of Indian sub-continent. These include (i) the belt of Himalayan foothills in the northern fringe of Paschim Champaran (ii) the vast Ganga Plains, (iii) the Vindhyan (Kaimur) Plateau extending into Rohtas region, (iv) the sporadic and small Gondwana basin outliers in Banka district, (v) the Satpura Range extending into large part of the area north of Chotanagpur Plateau, (vi) the parts of Bihar Mica belt in Nawada, Jamui and Banka districts and (vii) the Granite Gneissic complex of Chotanagpur plateau. The project districts falls in Ganga basin. Lithostratigraphically, the project area is part of Magadh formation characterized by silt, clay, and sand of quaternary period transgressing over the Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 52 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar alluvial upland and spreading along the valley sides of river drainage systems as shown in Figure 4.3. Figure 4.2: Geological Map of Bihar South Bihar Alluvial Plains This zone is located in the south of river Ganga and comprises of the districts of Gaya, Aurangabad, Rohtas, Bhojpur, Patna, Nalanda, Munger and Bhagalpur. The total geographical area is 44875.5 Sq. Km. This zone is densely populated. The most thickly populated district is Patna and the least thickly populated district is Rohtas. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 53 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Source: Directorate of Statistics & Evaluation , GOB Fig. 4.3: Drainage and river basin map of South Bihar Basin/ Sub-basin and Drainage The river originating from the Chotanagpur plateau brings a lot of fine sediments that they bring are either deposited in their beds or on their banks and as a consequence, the soils are mostly medium to heavy textured throughout the depth of the profile. There are no marshy lands in this zone. The main broad soil association groups recognized in this zone are : 1. Recent alluvial calcareous soils. 2. Tal land soils, light grey, dark grey medium to heavy textured soils. 3. Old alluvial reddish yellow, yellowish grey centenary soils. 4. Old alluvial grey, grayish yellow, heavy textured soils with cracking nature. 5. Recent alluvial yellowish to reddish yellow non calcareous non saline soils. 6. Old alluvial yellowish to red yellow soils of foot hills, and 7. Old alluvial saline and saline alkali soils. The drainage map of the project road is attached as Annexure 4.2. 4.3.3 Natural Hazards and Vulnerability Naturally occurring events that have the potential to adversely affect people and the environment are referred to as natural hazards Bihar is geographically placed in an multi hazardous zone as shown in Figure 4.4. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 54 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Fig 4.4: Multi Hazard Zone Map of Bihar 4.3.3.1 Flood and Drought Bihar faced a serious drought arising out of scanty rainfall during 2009 south west monsoon. The rainfall deficit was 40% approx. 28 Districts out of total 38 were declared drought hit in the year 2009. The State again faced successive drought in 2010. The arrival of monsoon in the State was delayed by two weeks and during the peak sowing season of the main kharif crop. The rail fall deficit was more than 20% and short fall in crop coverege was more than 60% over the entire state. The sub plateau region of the south Bihar remained badly affected. (Specially Gaya, Jamui, Nawada, Jehanabad etc) 28 Distt in the State mostly north Bihar remains affected by flood almost every year. These Districts are declared as flood prone. It can be seen from above map that the major portion of project influence area falls under moderate to high damage risk zone IV which is located in Patna and Nalanda district. Details of flood affected project districts (2009) given in Table: 4.1. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 55 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table 4.1: Details of Flood Affected Project Districts (2009) District Block Affected by Flood No. of Panchayats No. of Villages Affected by Flood Affected by Flood Nalanda Rahui , Ashthawan, 18 31 Karaiparsurai, Ekangarsari, Biharshraif Patna Dhananura ,Masaurthi , Punpun, 24 67 khushupur Some part of the subproject area is flood affected. In the Daniawan section, the alignment passes through flood affected areas starting from right bank of Punpun up to Daniawan. 4.3.3.2 Seismic Hazards The entire study corridor lies in seismic zone IV, according to the BIS code, 1983. This zone is known as Moderate Damage Risk Zone. The project area has not witnessed any significant or major earthquakes in the recent past. Map showing seismic zone of India and Bihar is given in Figure 4.4. According to the Global Seismic Hazards Assessment Program (GSHAP) data, the state of Bihar falls in a region of moderate seismic hazard. Historically, parts of this region have experienced seismic activity in the M 5.0-6.0 range. 4.3.4 Soils The project area falls in alluvial plains of Gangetic plains and most of the soil in this area has been deposited by the tributaries of river Ganga. There are three major types of soils namely: (i) Predominant Swamp Soil found in north-western part of west Patna district (ii) Terai Soil found in northern part of the state along the border of Nalanda and, (iii) Gangetic Alluvium is spread along the plain in Fathua. The project area is mainly covered by thick alluvium soil. The soil is well drained, medium to heavy textured and alkaline by reaction. The soils of Tal areas are dark colored and heavy textured, grey to dark grey in color, medium to heavy in texture, alkaline in reaction. During summer, cracks of 2 to 3 cm wide and more than 100 cm deep develop in the soil. Soil Quality of Project Influence Area Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 56 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar The soil quality was monitored at three locations (Table 4.2) truly representative of area during October 2010 and analysis results of soil quality are presented in Table 4.3. The soil quality parameters have been analyzed using methods specified in IS2720:1985 (Part 1, 2, 22 and 26) and methods specified in ‘Handbook of Soil Analysis – FAO Published by Food and Agriculture organization (FAO), Geneva. Table 4.2: Description of Soil Sampling Locations Type Sampling Chainage Distance Soil Texture Sample of location (km) from Road Land Clayey Silt SQ1 Daniawan 09+000 50 m Agricultural Clayey Silt SQ2 Harnuat 40+200 50 m land Clayey Silt SQ3 Barh 67+500 40 m Table 4.3 Physico - Chemical Properties of the Soil Samples (October 2011) Unit Results Sl No. Parameters SQ1 SQ2 SQ3 1 pH 7.48 7.63 7.83 2 Sulphate % ND* ND* ND* 3 Soil texture Clay silt with Clay silt Clay silt sand with sand with sand 4 Nitrogen (%) 0.10 0.09 0.012 5 Phosphours (%) 0.13 0.12 0.15 6 Potassium (mg/100gm) 5.12 4.16 6.00 7 Chloride % 0.006 0.0013 0.0010 8 Nitrate % 0.00570 0.00596 0.00520 9 Carbonate % 0.054 0.030 0.060 10 Alkalinity(ppm) ppm 85 92 102 11 Organic content % 2.35 1.76 2.10 12 Specific gravity % 2.47 2.57 2.71 13 Total soluble solids % 0.052 0.116 0.0132 Source: Consultant Field Monitoring ND*- Not detectable Soil in the study area was found to be mostly clayey silt. The pH of the soil ranged between 7.48-7.83 and is alkaline in nature. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 57 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar 4.3.5 Mineral Resources The project influence area does not have any sources of minerals except sand being mined in Ganga River beds for construction. 4.3.6 Fly Ash The Ministry of Environmental and Forests, (MoEF) New Delhi as per its Notification has made use of fly ash mandatory for the earth works in road project within a radius of 100 km of coal based thermal power plants. In the present case Barauni Thermal Power Plant is within 50km radius. The fly ash requirement within 71.66 km stretch of is only 4, 18,000 m3. 4.4 Land Use Pattern District wise land use pattern is shown in Table 4.4 in the districts of Patna and Nalanda all the aerable lands are under cultivation because of the availability of assured irrigation either through tube-wells or canals. The area under more than one crop yield in Patna and Nalanda districts covers very close to cent percent. Peoples belonging to the project area are mainly dependent on the agriculture. Mainly three crops are produced in a year viz Rabi, Kharif & Jayad e.g. Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Pulse, Sugarcane, Potato and vegetables. The existing 10 km land use pattern could be grouped under following five classes are given in Table 4.5 and as shown in Fig 4.5. Table 4.4: District wise Land use Pattern in Bihar (2007-2008) Source: Directorate of Statistics & Evaluation , GOB Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 58 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Source: IRSP-6, LISS-IV Fig 4.5: Land Use Pattern along the Project road Table 4.5: Land Use Pattern along the Project Road Area distribution of Land Use Land Cover Classes S.No. Classified Classes Area (ha) % Area 1 Industry 672.72 0.41 2 Settlements 7039.63 4.27 3 River 9130.87 5.54 4 Water Body 33.82 0.02 5 Agriculture Land 148036.77 89.77 Total 164913.82 100.00 4.5 Meteorology Tropical monsoon and three distinct seasons of winter, summer and rainy persist in the region. Hot season in the zone covers the period from April to June, May being the hottest month. The onset of monsoon normally occurs in early June and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 59 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar by the end of July, the monsoon establishes itself over the entire Gang Plain and results in heavy downpour and triggered off everywhere till the end of September. 4.5.1 Temperature In the Nalanda district lowest monthly average temperatures was observed in the range of 13.4o C to 29.1o C in December month. May is the hottest month of the year in which minimum monthly average temperature was 26.4 oC and maximum was 41.7oC. At Patna district lowest monthly minimum temperature 9.3oC was observed in January month and highest 38.4oC in May month. Monthly average data of temperature of last 5 year from 2006 to 2011 on Patna and Nalanda district are provided in Annexure 4.3. 4.5.2 Rainfall The zone, which lies south of river Ganga, is sub humid and much drier as compared to zones I and II of north of the Ganga river. As against the average annual rainfall of 1211 & 1405 mm is zone I & II, it is only 1110 mm . Rainfall in Bihar is largely due to South-West Monsoon which accounts for around 85 percent of the total rainfall in the state. The average rainfall in Bihar is 1091 mms. Other sources, viz., winter rain, hot weather rain and north west monsoon account for remaining 15 percent of the rainfall. The average rainfall could be taken to be adequate, yet it is the year to year variation which is mainly responsible for both droughts and floods, causing variations in the agricultural income and GSDP. This is because around 50 percent of the cultivated land area is still dependent on rains or some traditional modes of irrigation which fail during low-rainfall years. During the period 2000 to 2009, refer Figure 4.6 the annual rainfall has varied between 897 mms. in 2005 (82.2 percent of the average annual rainfall) to 1506 mms. in 2007 (138.0 percent of the average annual rainfall). In 2005, the rainfall from the south west monsoon, the major contributor, was 16.5 percent less than the average annual rainfall. Similarly in 2007, the rainfall from south west monsoon was 45.9 percent more than the average. In 2009, the rainfall from south west monsoon was less than normal which caused drought like situation in certain parts of the state. The average rainfall pattern is clear from Table 4.6 & 4.7. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 60 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Fig 4.6: Rainfall Pattern in south Bihar Table 4.6: Annual Rainfall for Different Seasons State Average Table 4.7: District wise Annual Rainfall for Different Seasons (2008-2010) Rainfall in mm 2008 2009 District Winter Hot South- North- Total Winter Hot South- North- Total rain Weather West West rain Weather West West rain Monsoon Monsoon rain Monsoon Monsoon Patna 60.80 47.70 1168.20 7.80 1284. 0.00 61.40 615.60 56.80 733.8 50 0 Nalanda 60.50 7.80 1076.30 6.10 1150. 0.00 89.90 445.30 57.70 592.9 70 0 Source: Directorate of Statistics & Evaluation , GOB Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 61 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar 4.5.3 Relative Humidity The average recorded relative humidity is 74%. The highest relative humidity of 92% is observed in the month of August. 4.5.4 Wind Speed and Direction The wind speeds recorded by India meteorological Department at its meteorological stations in project influence area is given in Table 4.8 and Fig 4.7 below: Source: Indian Meteorological Department Patna Fig 4.7: Wind rose diagram of the Project Influence Area Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 62 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table 4.8: Mean Wind speed and Direction of Project Area Months Wind Speed (km/h) Wind direction January 3.2 North to South February 5.4 East to West March 6.2 East to West April 6.8 Northeast to Southwest May 8.9 Northeast Jun 10.2 Northeast to Southwest July 8.4 Northeast August 5.3 North-northeast to south-Southeast September 5.2 North-northeast to south-Southeast October 3.8 North-northeast to south-Southeast November 2.4 East-northeast-South-southwest December 3.0 East-northeast-South-southwest 4.5.5 Ambient Air Quality of the Project Influence Area Ambient air quality has been conducted during winter season in the year 2010 from Oct 10 to 10 Jan 2011 at total four (4) locations Table 4.9 along the project road alignments, which are truly representative of the area . MoEF has also approved the Proposed Location during finalization and approval of TOR for conducting EIA Study. Ambient air quality is shown in Table 4.10 and set up is shown in Figure 4.8. PM10 and PM2.5 have been determined gravimetrically and as specified in IS 5182 (Part IV):1973. The concentration of NO2 has been estimated calorimetrically with sulphanilamide and N (I- Nepthyle) Ethylene Diamine Dihydrochloride and hydrogen peroxide (IS5182:1975, Part IV). The concentration of SO2 has been estimated calorimetrically using Para Rosaniline hydrochloride and Formaldehyde (IS5182:2001 Part – II). CO was measured with digital CO meter. Table 4.9: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Distance (m) from Location Location Station Code Chainage Centerline of Name description alignment AQ1 Fathua 1.0+000 40 Industrial AQ2 Daniawan 9.0+00 38 Commercial AQ3 Harnuat 40+200 45 Residential Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 63 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA/EMP Report NH-30A in the State of Bihar AQ4 Barh 68+000 40 Commercial National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are presented in Table 4.11 respectively. The 24 hours average values of PM10 were lower than the NAAQ Standard (100 µg/m3) at three locations whereas marginal to NAAQ Standard at Harnaut. The mean values of PM10 were highest at Harnaut (79 µg/m3) followed by Fathu (74 µg/m3), Daniawan (65 µg/m3) and Barh (64 µg/m3). The mean value of PM2.5 was found at Harnaut (36 µg/m3) followed by Barh (35 µg/m3), Fathua (33 µg/m3) and Daniawan (25µg/m3). These values are well within standard limit i.e. 40 µg/m3. The higher concentration of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) at Harnaut may be attributed to industries and high vehicular load at Harnuat Junction which crosses NH-31. These values are well within standard limit i.e. 40 µg/m3. The mean NO2 and SO2 concentration are well within the standard i.e. 80 µg/m3 as prescribed by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Table 4.11). Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 64 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Table 4.10: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results* - Results of 1 hourly monitoring Fathua (AQ1) Daniawan (AQ2) PM10 PM2.5 NO2 SO2 CO* PM10 PM2.5 NO2 SO2 CO* Sampling Date Sampling Date (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (mg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (mg/m3) 07-Oct-10 66 31 14.8 6.3 0.35 08-Oct-10 60 18 13.8 7.1 0.25 14-Oct-10 85 35 22.0 7.8 0.43 15-Oct-10 67 27 16.7 8.6 0.31 21-Oct-10 52 22 16.3 5.3 0.29 22-Oct-10 80 30 11.9 bdl 0.21 28-Oct-10 72 25 15.6 9.0 0.50 29-Oct-10 59 22 13.7 6.6 0.36 04-Nov-10 90 52 18.9 8.6 0.47 05-Nov-10 67 22 12.4 bdl 0.34 11-Nov-10 68 26 15.2 7.7 0.42 12-Nov-10 77 30 16.1 4.8 0.31 18-Nov-10 90 50 23.7 6.0 0.33 19-Nov-10 63 17 14.7 7.4 0.24 25-Nov-10 69 28 16.1 5.3 0.29 26-Nov-10 70 26 11.4 6.7 0.21 02-Dec-10 84 42 14.3 8.8 0.48 03-Dec-10 65 27 15.0 6.6 0.35 09-Dec-10 67 29 18.5 7.6 0.42 10-Dec-10 58 24 14.6 bdl 0.30 16-Dec-10 86 44 24.2 5.8 0.32 17-Dec-10 72 29 11.8 5.0 0.23 23-Dec-10 76 36 19.9 6.3 0.35 24-Dec-10 55 19 13.0 7.6 0.25 30-Dec-10 73 27 21.0 5.4 0.30 31-Dec-10 50 21 12.3 6.7 0.21 06-Jan-11 64 28 16.8 8.1 0.45 07-Jan-11 69 33 18.0 5.9 0.32 13-Jan-11 59 19 12.8 5.1 0.28 14-Jan-11 62 20 15.2 bdl 0.20 20-Jan-11 83 38 17.8 8.3 0.46 21-Jan-11 74 28 16.9 4.8 0.33 Mean 74 33 18.0 7.0 0.38 Mean 65 25 14.2 6.5 0.28 th th 98 Percentile 90 52 24.1 9.0 0.49 98 Percentile 79 32 17.6 8.4 0.36 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 65 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Harnaut (AQ4) Barh (AQ4) PM10 PM2.5 NO2 SO2 CO* PM10 PM2.5 NO2 SO2 CO* Sampling Date Sampling Date 3 (µg/m ) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (mg/m3) (µg/m ) (µg/m3) 3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (mg/m3) 10-Oct-10 73 34 26.6 6.0 0.30 11-Oct-10 68 25 16.1 4.2 0.22 17-Oct-10 101 48 23.6 8.7 0.44 18-Oct-10 74 22 13.2 6.3 0.34 24-Oct-10 87 43 25.3 6.0 0.30 25-Oct-10 51 23 14.0 6.5 0.34 31-Oct-10 91 49 23.1 8.2 0.41 01-Nov-10 54 31 18.6 7.2 0.38 07-Nov-10 99 37 24.8 bdl 0.23 08-Nov-10 59 28 16.8 9.6 0.51 14-Nov-10 79 31 18.0 6.1 0.31 15-Nov-10 62 34 20.4 8.2 0.43 21-Nov-10 96 45 22.3 9.0 0.45 22-Nov-10 65 31 18.8 4.9 0.26 28-Nov-10 72 26 20.5 7.7 0.39 29-Nov-10 53 36 21.6 6.8 0.36 05-Dec-10 67 20 19.4 6.3 0.31 06-Dec-10 66 40 24.0 6.1 0.32 12-Dec-10 94 42 26.5 9.0 0.45 13-Dec-10 76 37 20.6 7.2 0.38 19-Dec-10 63 33 24.3 8.7 0.44 20-Dec-10 71 41 24.6 5.9 0.31 26-Dec-10 70 39 23.3 5.5 0.28 27-Dec-10 47 30 18.0 4.0 0.21 02-Jan-11 74 36 21.9 8.8 0.44 03-Jan-11 50 43 25.8 4.1 0.22 09-Jan-11 59 21 29.4 8.3 0.42 10-Jan-11 73 46 27.8 7.5 0.40 16-Jan-11 61 30 21.9 6.7 0.33 17-Jan-11 79 39 23.2 8.4 0.45 23-Jan-11 76 40 31.7 4.8 0.24 24-Jan-11 77 49 29.7 5.9 0.31 Mean 79 36 23.9 7.3 0.36 Mean 64 35 20.8 6.4 0.34 th th 98 Percentile 101 49 31.0 9.0 0.45 98 Percentile 78 49 29.1 9.2 0.49 * - Results of 1 hourly monitoring Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 66 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Fig 4.8: View of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Table 4.11: National Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutant Weighted Concentration in Ambient Air Time Average (μg/m3) Industrial, Ecologically Residential, Rural Sensitive and Others Sulphur Annual Average* 50 20 Dioxide (SO2) 24 hr** 80 80 Nitrogen Annual Average* 40 30 Dioxide (NO2) 24 hr** 80 80 PM10 Annual Average* 60 60 24 hr** 100 100 PM2.5 Annual Average* 40 40 24 hr** 60 60 Carbon 8 hr 02 02 monoxide 1 hr 04 04 mg/m3 *Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken for a week 24 hourly at uniform interval. ** 24 hourly / 8 hourly values should meet 98 percent of the time in a year 4.6 Noise Noise attributed to roads depends on factors such as traffic intensity, the type and condition of the vehicles plying on the road, acceleration/deceleration/gear Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 67 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar changes by the vehicles depending on the level of congestion and smoothness of road surface (IRC: 104-1988). High noise levels are a concern for sensitive receptors, i.e. hospitals, educational institutions, etc. Locations for noise monitoring along the project road were identified based on the criteria same as those used for air monitoring but the relative importance of each criterion carries a weight-age in arriving at the final set of locations. In case of noise monitoring locations, sensitive land use such as schools, hospitals and religious places gains more importance due to ill effects of noise. While selecting the noise locations all types of land use in project influence area have been considered. The noise monitoring locations are shown in Table 4.12 and monitored results are presented in Table 4.13 below. The noise levels were monitored with Digital Noise Meter. Table 4.12: Description of Noise Monitoring Locations Sample Chainage Distance in Area Location Description Code (Km) meters from Category Centre line NQ1 0+000 20 Industrial Handloom industries Fathua, 8+500 19.5 Daniawan Bazar, Commercial NQ2 Commercial Area NQ3 11+900 18 Sensitive Navichowk, Temple NQ4 16+900 20 Residential Nagarnousa, residential Area NQ5 19+000 20 Sensitive Narsanda, Temple NQ6 24+230 20 Residential Madhopur, Residential Area NQ7 40+000 20 Commercial Harnuat, Traffic area NQ8 68+000 20 Commercial Barh, Commercial area Table 4.13: Analysis of Ambient Noise during Winter Season 2010 Limits in Leq dB(A) Area Average dB(A) Location Category Day Time Night Time Daytime Night time Fathua Industrial 66.5 53.2 75 70 Daniawan Commercial 62.0 51.5 65 55 Navichowk Sensitive 48.4 42.2 50 40 Nagarnousa Residential 62.5 52.9 55 45 Narsanda Sensitive 49.2 41.6 50 40 Madhopur Residential 53.5 42.8 55 45 Harnuat Commercial 71.1 53.5 65 55 Barh Commercial 58.6 48.5 65 55 Source: Consultant Monitoring Data Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 68 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar The Central Pollution Control Board has specified ambient noise levels for different land uses for day and night times and these are given below in Table 4.14 below. Importance was given to the timing of exposure and areas designated as sensitive. Table 4.14: National Ambient Noise Level Standards Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB (A) Leq. Daytime Night time A Industrial area 75 70 B Commercial area 65 55 C Residential area 55 45 D Silence area 50 40 Source: Noise pollution (Regulation and control) Rules, 2000 Note-1 Day time is reckoned in between 6 AM to 10 PM Note-2 Night time is reckoned in between 10 PM to 6 AM Note-3 Silence zone is defined as areas up to 100 meters around such as premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority Note-4 Mixed categories of areas should be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories, by the Competent Authority and the corresponding standard shall apply. An analysis results indicates that the night time noise levels were lower than the corresponding day time measures. It is observed that noise levels at all locations are well within the applicable limits except Harnaut (commercial area cum traffic) where relatively higher noise levels have been recorded are attributed to vehicular traffic from NH-31. 4.7 Water Environment 4.7.1 Ground Water Due to favorable geological setup, abundant groundwater is available in the project area. Ground water is used for all purposes including irrigation. The shallow groundwater aquifer in the area occurs under unconfined state while deeper aquifers are under semi confined to confined state. Shallow water table condition exists in close proximity to rivers. From the groundwater potential (Fig 4.9 and Table 4.15) point of view the entire project area falls under good to very good category .The presence of kankar (nodules of CaCO3) and fine sand at places render the top clay zone semi- pervious in nature, where ground water occurs under phreatic condition. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 69 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar These aquifers are made up of fine to medium grained sand occasionally coarse with thin layers of gravel at places. The depth to piezometric surface in the area varies from 6.25m to 16.30m. The deep tube wells tapping these deeper aquifers have yield from 260m3 /hr to 1500m3/hr. with a drawdown of 6 m. The transmissivity of the aquifer varies from 3786 m3/day to 14133 m2/ day. The ground water table within 10 km radius of the project road is given in the Fig 4.10. In general groundwater level in project district varies from place to place. Table 4.15: Depth of Water level in Project Area Districts Depth to water level (mbgl) for the year 2006-2009 2006 (May) 2007 (Aug) 2008 (Nov) 2009 (Jan) Fathua 2.05 2.23 5.33 5.93 Daniawan 1.30 1.58 2.06 2.06 Bhaktiyarpur 8.50 3.60 7.34 9.63 Bharatpura 3.0 1.70 1.40 1.79 Patna City 1.15 1.58 - 1.80 Barh 7.20 3.43 6.10 8.10 Source: Central Ground Water Board, Patna-2008 Fathua Barh NH-30A Source: Central Ground Water Board, Patna-2008 Fig 4.9: Ground Water Potential in Project Area Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 70 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar NH-30A Source: Central Ground Water Board, Patna-2008 Fig 4.10: Depth to Water Level Map of Project District (Pre-Monsoon 2006) 4.7.2 Ground Water Quality Water quality is a concern for the numerous surface water sources and the groundwater sources in road construction. Since most portion of project road is along main Punpun and Morhar River, ground water quality is not much of significance. However to establish baseline quality of ground water two ground water samples were drawn from entire stretch and these were analyzed as per APHA and IS-3025 procedures. Location of the ground water sampling and analysis results are presented below Table 4.16 and 4.17. Table 4.16: Description of Ground Water Sampling Location Location Sample Code Chainage Sample Description Daniawan GW1 Km 9+00 Hand Pump Harnuat GW2 Km 40+200 Hand Pump Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 71 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table 4.17: Analysis of Ground Water Quality Results Standards Parameters Unit Daniawan Harnaut (IS:10500) pH 7.32 7.20 6.5-8.5 Sulphate mg/l 49 30 400-1000 TDS mg/l 357 330 500-2100 Chloride mg/l 75 53 250-600 Alkalinity mg/l 303 109 .. Nitrate mg/l 0.6 0.4 45 Volatile Residues mg/l 148 103 …. Fixed Residue mg/l 307 258 …. Conductivity uS/cm 552 510 Total Hardness mg/l 263 232 … Calcium mg/l 56 48 Magnesium mg/l 28 25 Fluoride mg/l 1.4 1.2 1.5 Source: Consultants Monitoring Data From the analysis results it can be concluded that all the parameters of ground water quality are within the potable BIS: 10500 norms for all monitored parameters. . 4.7.3 Surface Water Quality River Mohane and Morhar are the major surface water source in the project influence area. The water samples from both the surface water sources were drawn at locations (Table 4.18) of project road crossing. The water quality results of these rivers have been given below in Table 4.19. Table 4.18: Description of surface water sampling location Sl No. Location Sample Code Chainage Sample description 1 Daniawan SW1 Km 5+250 Mohane River 2 Harnuat SW2 Km 40+200 Morhar River Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 72 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table 4.19: Analytical Results of Surface Water Quality during October 2010 Result Desirable Limit Parameters Unit Standards SW-1 SW-2 (IS:10500) pH 7.88 7.84 6.5-8.5 DO mg/l 4.80 5.40 BOD mg/l 12.0 10.3 Conductivity mho/cm 405.20 375.0 TSS mg/l 25.0 22.0 TDS mg/l 310.0 285.40 500-2000 Total Alkalinity mg/l 170 150 200-600 Total hardness mg/l 180.5 162 300-600 Nitrate mg/l 0.7 0.5 45 Chloride mg/l 90 65 250 Fluoride mg/l 1.3 1.2 1.5 Source: Consultant Monitoring Data It is clear from these results that concentrations of total dissolved solids, suspended solids and BOD is low. The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in both the rivers is less than 6 mg/l. As per the use based classification of water by CPCB the surface water falls under Category B and the sample conforms to water for concreting purpose . 4.8 Biological Environment 4.8.1 Forest The state of Bihar has only 6.9% of forest cover to its total geographic area. Legally this area has been classified into "Reserved Forest, Protected Forest and Unclassified Forest" and their areas are 693 sq. km (0.75%), 5779 sq. km (6.14%) and 1 sq. km (0%) respectively. Per capita forest area in the state is 0.01 ha against the national average of 0.07 ha. The latest estimates of Forest Survey of India (FSI), published in the State of Forest Report (SFR) 2003, suggest that the total forest cover of Bihar is 5,558 sq. km., which is 5.9% of the land area. Forest Types There are three forest types in the state: dry and wet Deciduous, and sub- Himalayan and Tarai Forests. Dry Deciduous is found in the northeastern region of Nalanda district; particularly in the water logged area with annual rainfall more than 120 cm. Density of vegetation is very high. The major vegetation type is Sal, Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 73 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Bamboo, Khair, Pal, Shisham, Mahua and Kend. Finally, the Sub- Himalayan and Tarai forests are found in northern part of Bihar and boarder of Nepal. Patna has less than 0.50% forest cover; however, Nalanda has comparatively better forest cover i.e. 2.44%. Project road is diverting 30.374 ha of protected road side forest 4.8.2 Flora The different types of floral species (available along the road corridor) are listed in Annexure 4.4 . 4.8.3 Trees within Proposed RoW There are a total number of 1805 trees existing in the ROW. Total 511 trees found in Patna and 1294 trees found in Nalanda District. The details of trees cutting is provided in Annexure 1.4. The existing trees along the proposed project roads vary from dense to sparse. Green tunnel (Fig 4.11.) is present after the Daniawan cross at ch.9+500 to ch.10+000 and the available ROW is 15-28 m. Joint verification with Forest Department for felling of trees under project section is in progress. Marking for felling of trees have also been completed. Fig 4.11: View of Road Side Plantation and Green Tunnel\ 4.8.4 Fauna The list of fauna dwelling in the area is given in below Table: 4.20, 4.21 & 4.22. A) Invertebrates. Table 4.20: Spiders and Common Insects in the Study Area Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name Spiders Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 74 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar 1. Orb weaver Neoscona sp. 2. Ground spider Drassodes sp. 3. Camel Spider Insects 1. House cricket Gryllus domesticus 2. Mole Cricket 3. Housefly Musca domestica 3. Mosquito Anopheles sp. 4. Black Ant Canponotus compressus 5. Red Ant Oecophylia smargdina 6. Honey bee Apus indica 7. Wasp Vespa sp. 8. Praying Mantis 9. Grasshopper Orthopteran Sp. 10. Ground Beetle Carabid sp. Table 4.21: Butterflies of the Study Area Sr. No. Family Scientific name Common name 1. Pieridae Eurema hecabe Common Grass yellow 2. Pieridae Catopsilia crocale Common Emigrant 3. Nymphalidae Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger B) Vertebrate Fauna: Table 4.22: Fauna recorded of within Study Area of proposed project S.No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Mammals Direct Sightings 1 Bovidae Nilgai/Bluebull Boselaphus tragocamelus 2 Bovidae Chinkara/Indian Gazelle Gazella bennettii 3 Leporidae Indian Hare Lepas nigricollis 4 Canidae Jackal Canis aureus 5 Canidae Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis 6 Herpestidae Small Indian Mongoose Herpestes javanicus 7 Herpestidae Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi 8 Soricidae House Shrew Suncus murinus 9 Scuiridae Five-Striped Palm Squirrel Funambulus pennantii 10 Muridae House Rat Rattus rattus 11 Muridae Brown Rat Rattus norvegicus 12 Muridae House Mouse Mus musculus 13 Muridae Little Indian Field Mouse Mus booduga Indirect Records – Pugmarks/Pellets/Scat/Secondary Data 14 Felidae Jungle Cat Felis chaus 15 Felidae Caracal Caracal caracal Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 75 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar S.No. Family Common Name Scientific Name 16 Hyaenidae Hyena Hyaena hyaena 17 Canidae Indian Wolf Canis lupus 18 Suidae Wild Pig Sus scrofa Reptiles 19 Testudinidae Indian Star Tortoise Geochelone elegans 20 Trionychidae Indian Flapshell Turtle Lissemys punctata 21 Agamidae Indian Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor 22 Agamidae Fan-throated lizard Sitana ponticeriana 23 Gekkonidae Warty Rock Gecko Cyrtopodion Kachhense 24 Gekkonidae Northern House Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis 25 Gekkonidae Termite-hill Gecko Hemidactylus triedrus 26 Lacertidae Indian Fringed-toed Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris 27 Scincidae Keeled Grass Skink Mabuya carinata 28 Scincidae Bronze Grass Skink Mabuya macularia 29 Uromastycidae Hardwicke’s Spiny-tailed Uromastyx hardwickii Lizard 30 Varanidae Common Indian Monitor Varanus bengalesis 31 Boidae Russell’s Earth Boa Eryx conicus 32 Boidae Red Sand Boa Eryx johnii 33 Colubridae Common Ratsnake Ptyas mucosus 34 Colubridae Checkered Keelback Xenochropis piscator 35 Elapidae Indian Cobra Naja naja 36 Viperidae Russel’s Viper Daboia russeli 4.8.5 Presence of Reserved and Protected Forest The project corridor does not pass through any reserve forest in its entire length. However, there are total 30.374 ha Notified declared protected forest (Road side plantation) land to be acquired. Details are given in Table 4.23. Table 4.23: Details of Protected Forest Land Required for Diversion District Name of Proposed Lenth Forest LHS/RHS Forest Required taluk Cha. In (km) Area in details From To Ha Patna Fathua 0.00 13.9 13.9 7.655 Both side PF Road widening Nalanda Chandi 13.9 26.0 26.0 22.719 Both side PF Road widening Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 76 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar 4.8.6 Rare or Endangered Species On the analysis of available information, it has been found that no rare or endangered species of flora and fauna in project area, prescribed by IUCN or Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. 4.9 Socio-Economic Environment 4.9.1 Demography The project area consists of two districts of Bihar i.e. Patna and Nalanda. Patna is the capital of the state Bihar. Total area of the district is 3,202 sq km. The district is administratively divided into 6 Sub-divisions and 23 Community Development Blocks. As per 2011 Census Survey of India, total population of the district is 47, 09,851 with 25, 14,949 males and 21, 94,902 females. Nalanda district divided into 3 Revenue Sub-Divisons and 20 Anchals consisting of 1,084 Revenue villages. Out of three Revenue Sub-Divisions, Biharsharif is sadar Sub-Division and most urbanized. Hilsa sub-division is predominantly rural and agricultural. Rajgir, smallest sub-division of the three is most important from tourism perspective. Rajgir, Nalanda remains, Pawapuri are in Rajgir sub-division. It is spread over the area of 2,367 sq. kms. The total population of the district is 19, 97,995. The density of population of both the districts is substantially higher than the state average of 880 persons per sq km. While sex ratio, determined by number of females per one thousand males, of Nalanda district (914) is comparable to the state average of 919, Patna district recorded a poor ratio of 873. ( Source: Directorate of Statistics & Evaluation , GOB.). 4.9.2 Project Affected Structures and Common Property Resources Total number of 143 structures will be affected in which 10 CPRs (7 temples and 3 Govt building). These include residential, commercial and religious structure. Details of affected structures are given in Table 4.24. Table 4.24: Project Affected Structures RHS LHS Name of Boundary Govt. Govt. Others village House Wall Shop Temple Build House Shop Temple Buil Sonaru 1 1 1* 9 2 1 1 Janardanpur 1 Machriyawan 6* 6* 1 1 2* Maksudpur 1* Daniawan 1* 2* Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 77 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Daniawanbyp 1 1 1 1 asses Masanadpur 3 Tola Horilbeghta 1 1 1* Taraura 7* 1* Nagarnausa 7 8 1 2* Gopi Bigha 1 Tinilodhipur 2 Dharampur 1 1 Gowana 1 Madhopur 2 6 10 Jatipur 1* Tulsigarh 1 1 2* Belchhi 1 1 1* 1 Lachchhachak 1** 4 1 6 Saksohara 1** 1 Ekdanga 13** 7 Bedna 3* *Encroacher=30, **Squatter=3 CPRs=10 (10 (7 Temple +3 Govt. Building), Title holders =100, 4.10.6 = Presence of Sensitive receptors (School, College, Health Center etc.) Road side Sensitive receptors such as School, College, Health Center etc. has been found in throughout the project section mostly located outside the ROW of Existing Highway. The details of these Sensitive receptors are presented in Table 4.25 below. Table 4.25: Sensitive Receptors along with Project Road Distance from Sensitive Environmental Sl No. Chainage Location Center Line (m) Receptor 1 0.000 Populated habitation Fathua 28.0 2 6.000 Govt. School Machriyawan 32.6 3 9+000 Thick habitation Daniawan 25.4 4 14+090 Govt. School Nagarnausa 31.5 5 12+900 Temple Badauna 35.8 6 16+100 Temple Nagarnausa 38.0 7 17+010 Village Lodipur 30.2 8 19+800 School Tola 33.4 7 23+650 Govt School Madhopur 35.9 8 26+350 Govt School Dyalpur 29.3 9 28+950 Govt School Tulsigarh 33.5 10 29+300 Hospital Gopi Bihata 36.4 11 32+640 School Badora 31.8 12 40+000 Major habitation Harnuat 25.4 13 48+280 Govt School Husanchak 32.0 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 78 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar 14 59+250 School Hardyal Bihata 33.0 15 60+750 School Ekdanga 30.2 16 63+460 School Ladma 34.4 17 66+800 Temple Benda 29.6 18 69+400 School and major Barh 24.2 habitation 4.9.3 Tree Worship Certain trees as papal (Ficus religiosa), banyan (Ficus benghalensis) and amla (Emblica officinalis) are worshipped by the villagers. Pipal tree is considered to be sacred and nobody generally cuts it down or uses its wood for fuel. Spirits are believed to live on pipal trees and they are worshipped if they happen to lie in the village or outside it near a temple etc. 4.9.4 Market Places/ Weekly Haat The project road passes through the Daniawan, Harnaut and Barh market places. The details of market place chainage are given Table 4.26. Table 4.26: Market Places along the Project Road Chainage Side Distance Name of Name of District From To from Structure Place CL(m) 10+000 10+500 Both RHS 20 Market Daniawan Patna and LHS Place Bazar 39+000 40+100 LHS and 18 Market Harnaut Nalanda RHS Place Bazar 65+200 66+000 LHS and 22 Market Barh Bazar Patna RHS Place 4.9.5 Industries The project influence area has medium and small scale handloom industries. These industries area located in urban areas specially Harnaut and Barh. Fishery District wise fish production for the year 2009-10 is given in Table 4.27. Table 4.27: District wise Fish Production Source: Directorate of Statistics & Evaluation , GOB Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 79 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar 4.9.6 Utility Services Electric poles, transformers, hand pumps, telephone lines and wells have been found throughout the project road. Few of them are going to be affected by proposed widening under Built-up Zone. During the survey the data on utility services has been collected and is listed in Table 4.28. Table 4.28: Utility Services along the Project Road Chainage (km) Side Reason for requirement of LA/US/TC (Reason Item Total Left Right should be specific From To and given for each chainage) Utility Shifting 1 2 6 6 12 1.Electric Poles 7.475 9.51 8 1 9 Daniawan Bypass 15 17 7 4 11 19 25 20 20 40 25 33 16 21 37 37 43 8 18 26 46 47 0 3 3 52 56 0 18 18 57 62 15 17 32 174.03 (NH 66.457 31) 7 0 7 Barh Bypass Total 87 108 195 2.Transformers 19 20 1 1 2 22 24 0 2 2 37 38 0 1 1 Hand Pumps 16 17 1 1 2 19 20 0 1 1 30 31 0 2 2 31 32 1 0 1 32 33 1 1 2 37 38 0 1 1 48 49 1 0 1 55 60 3 1 4 63 64 0 1 1 66.457 174.03 0 1 1 Barh Bypass Total 7 9 16 4.Wells 6 7 0 1 1 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 80 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Chainage (km) Side Reason for requirement of LA/US/TC (Reason Item Total Left Right should be specific From To and given for each chainage) 7.475 9.51 1 0 1 Daniawan Bypass 12 13 0 1 1 31 32 1 0 1 35 36 1 0 1 38.761 42.3 0 2 2 Harnaut Bypass 48 49 1 0 1 60 61 1 0 1 63 64 0 1 1 66.457 174.03 5 5 10 Barh Bypass Total 10 10 20 5.Telephone 16 17 0 1 1 Poles 20 21 2 0 2 23 24 0 4 4 25 26 1 3 4 28 29 0 1 1 66.457 174.03 1 0 1 Barh Bypass Total 4 9 13 4.9.7 Archaeological Protected Monuments There are no archeological monuments within Right Way (RoW) of proposed project alignment. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 81 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar CHAPTER-5 ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1 GENERAL Upon comparing the expected changes in the environment with or without the project, the environmental impact can be anticipated. Potential impacts due to project implementation and operation phase have been identified based on the baseline environmental features. The nature, type and magnitude of the potential impacts on different environmental parameters such as land environment, air environment, water environment, socio-economic environment and biological environment are dealt hereafter in this chapter. Impacts of any developmental activity can be broadly classified in the following three stages  Planning and Design Stage  Construction Stage and  Operation Stage 5.2 Environmental issues, to be considered for project road The main environmental issues, which are important to consider are:  The both side plantation of existing project road are to be removed.  Flooding is a major issue in the approach to Daniawan in the rainy period.  Soil erosion and sedimentation may happen during monsoon season.  Project road is located in one of most fertile area of Patna district  This project road will bring development opportunities in the area and improved communication, transportation and infrastructure in this semi urban area of Patna District.  This project road will improve the traffic movement and subsequently saving in fuel, less traveling time and reduction in accidents. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 82 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar 5.3 Type of Impacts of project road During the construction and operation phase of the project road, the environmental impacts may be in form of:  Direct impact,  Indirect impact,  Cumulative Impact (i) Direct Impacts: Direct impacts of the road include mainly impacts caused by the road construction such as soil and land surface disturbances, vegetation clearance and material removal activities. These impacts are expected to be significant and need to be mitigated properly (ii) Indirect impacts of the project: Indirect impacts occur within the region of influence of the road project, at locations more distant from the construction corridor. These include induced development, water quality deterioration downstream, soil erosion, likely to be experienced at furthest distances from the project. These impacts are normally observed during the operation phase of road projects. (iii) Cumulative Impacts: This type of impact results from synergetic effects or added up of several impacts which results in environmental changes. Due to the possibility of a combination of the different categories of impacts in one of the main elements of the environment that will be affected by the road construction activities impacts evaluation and mitigation measures will take in consideration both categories. Summary of potential impacts due to project road given in Table: 5.1. Table 5.1: Summary of Potential Impacts due to Project Road S. No. Parameters Quantity involved/ affected Environmental attributes, which may be negatively impacted 1 Land Acquisition 33.25ha 2 Diversion of Forest Land 30.374 ha 3 Construction Water Requirement 1106 cum/km 4 Religious Structures 7 temples 5 Hand pumps 16 6 Wells 20 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 83 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. No. Parameters Quantity involved/ affected 7 Material Requirements 8 i Earth 2235088 cum ii Aggregate 925737 cum iii Sand 81222 cum 9 Debris Disposal i Road cutting 24850 cum ii Structure dismantling 3000 cum 10 Tree cutting 1805 11 Utility Shifting i Electric Poles 195 ii Transformers 5 iii Telephone Poles 13 Activities/ attributes, which may contribute positive impacts 1 Perforated pipe for Hand Pump 16 Nos. 2 Well Accessories 20 Nos 3 Fly Ash Utilization 4, 18,000 cum 4 Enhancement and Landscaping i Shrubs plantation (near Junctions & 3000 Nos Water bodies) ii Silt Fencing (Nos) 2 km iii Green belt development 5415 Nos 5 Cross drainage structure Major Bridges 7 Reconstruction Minor 17 to be Reconstructed Bridges Culverts 69 Reconstructed &31 widened 6 Road safety Measures Bus Bays 16 Truck lay Byes 4 Signage’s Informatory signs = 134 signs + 43.68m2 sign boards. b) Warning signs = 372 c) Regulatory signs = 172 d)Rumble Strip = 74 7 Road Side Covered RCC Drains 9.88 km Operation stage impacts will be continuous in nature, but their severity can be reduced by taking mitigation measures as suggested in the Environment Management Plan. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 84 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar 5.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT 5.4.1 Impact on Physiography and Topography Project road flat terrain, a part of which is affected by flood. High embankments have been designed to check the overtopping. Embankments height will be raised 1.5m to 4.0m except built-up areas and bridge approaches. Besides, some topographical changes will take place for fresh alignments i.e. bypasses and realignments. This will alter minor topography, confined in proposed RoW and impacts would be insignificant. 5.4.2 Impact on Geology Impact on the geological resources will occur from the extraction of materials (borrow of earth, granular sub base and aggregates for base courses and bridges). The boulders will be procured from the authorized suppliers. Relevant rules will be followed for sand and aggregates. At the construction sites, no blasting is envisaged. The impact on general geology of the project will be insignificant 5.4.3 Natural Hazard  Project area experiences flood between Fathua and Daniawan during monsoon season. However, the area gets highly inundated during unusual event of flooding.  The Patna and Nalanda districts are located in seismic zone-IV .Both these zones are high and very high damage risk zones. This may cause failure of civil structures in the event of earthquake if design consideration related to seismicity is not taken into consideration. Mitigation Measures  Average embankment height of 2m has been decided considering all hydrological parameters, local topography, and historical records of flood impact during normal and unusual event of flood. Embankment height as per guidelines of IRC:75-1979 shall be raised in the low-lying sections.  Provisions of adequate cross drainage structures, viz. culverts/balancing culverts and roadside drainage shall be made to avoid flooding/water logging.  IS: 1893- 2002 have been adopted while designing the civil structures to sustain the earthquake of highest magnitude in seismic zone IV. All necessary Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 85 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar precautions against dislodgement of superstructure have been taken by provision of different types of seismic restrainer. 5.4.4 Impacts on Soil Impact on soil will comprise change in land use due to land acquisition, diversion of forest land and project activities. During construction phase, Labour camps, stock yards, storage godowns etc, will be set up for facilitating the construction process. These activities might lead to a loss of productive soils during the pre- construction stage if these activities are located on fertile/productive soils using for agriculture practices. 5.3.4.1 Design and Construction Phase Loss of Productive Soils The project road passes mostly through cultivable land. Some loss of productive soil is anticipated because of land acquisition and borrows areas. But productivity of crops in the region will not be affected significantly by the project road. Efforts have been made to minimize acquisition of productive lands by alignment of cross sections. The location of construction camps and other construction sites shall not be located on productive agricultural land. The topsoil from all areas to be permanently covered shall be stripped to a specified depth of 150 mm and stored in stockpiles. The stored topsoil will be utilized for the redevelopment of borrow areas, top dressing of the road embankments, fill slopes and filling up of tree pits proposed as part of compensatory plantation. Temporary loss of productive soil is likely if haul roads for the transportation of borrow materials, traffic detours during construction etc. are routed through agricultural lands. Soil Erosion During the construction, vegetation will need to be cleared within the proposed RoW, which may pose some soil erosion problem during first few rains. Excavations of earth from borrow areas may also lead to loss of topsoil and soil erosion problem during rains. Embankment/slopes near newly constructed bridges and structures may be prone to the soil erosion in first few rains. Such embankment and slopes will need to be stabilized as soon as construction is over. Contamination of Soil Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 86 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Contamination of the soil may be due to spillage of oil, bitumen, grease etc. by construction machinery, plants and equipment. Further, the contractor shall initiate measures to minimize waste generation from all construction activities. Compaction of Soil During construction phase, soil in the adjoining productive lands beyond the RoW may be compacted by the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment. Mitigation Measures Following mitigation measures to be taken are;  IRC: 56-1974 will be adopted for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control.  IRC: 36-1970 will be adopted for construction of Earth Embankments for road works.  Compensatory avenue plantation will be done.  Plantation of Ipomoea carnea (Beshram) and Sccharum species in the toe line on both sides of road where embankment height is 1m or more will be carried out.  Stone pitching/ concrete wall at bridges approaches and where embankment height more than 3m will be done.  Chute drains will be provided at some locations of bridge approaches.  At construction sites, the vehicles and equipments will be maintained properly and refueled only at fueling areas, without any spillages.  Construction machinery will be restricted to proposed RoW except authorize parking locations. These steps will efficiently mitigate the potential soil erosion problem and by the time the road starts operating, the ecosystems will restore itself. Soil erosion should visually check on slopes and high embankment areas along the road during construction phase. In case soils erosion is found suitable measures should be taken to control the soil erosion. To avoid the soil contamination, at the wash down and re-fueling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked material are to be sold off to the Bihar State Pollution Control Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 87 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Board /Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) authorized venders. If any hazardous waste as per Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989 and as amendments thereafter is generated during construction phase, it shall be suitably treated and disposed off accordingly. Two units approved by MoEF/CPCB of used/ waste oil re-processors in Bihar have been identified. They are; 1. M/s Essell Lubricants & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Eyari Road, Farm, Aurangabad-824 101 (Bihar) 2. M/s Srishti Lube (India) Ltd. NH-28, Bagraha-Deeh Barauni Begusarai (Bihar) The demolition waste shall be re-used for construction as far as possible if the required quality as per technical specification is complied. Unsuitable materials shall be dumped at identified location in an environmentally sound manner with the permission of concerned body. To prevent any compaction of soil in the adjoining productive lands beyond the RoW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment will be restricted to the proposed right of way. Surface drain where required would be provided at road lengths with suitable gradients. Drainage will be augmented wherever it is inadequate to accommodate higher discharges. Existing culverts will be repaired (renovation and widening up to surface drain). 5.4.4.2 Borrow Area and Quarries The raising and widening of highway require substantial quantity of earth. The demands of soil for road construction would be met through identification of borrow areas meeting with technical specification of soil quality in the project road vicinity. As part of project planning/preparatory 9 nos. of borrows areas has been identified that can be utilize in the project. Mitigation Measures To mitigate the adverse impact, IRC:10-1961 guideline will be followed for excavation of earth from . Prior permission of land owners for Borrow areas will Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 88 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar be taken and soil will be excavated as per the intended use by the landowner. The following criteria will be used for selection of borrow areas. These are as follows:  Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands. However, if it becomes necessary to borrow earth from temporarily acquired cultivated lands, their depth should not exceed 45 cm. The topsoil to a depth of 15 cm shall be stripped and set aside. Thereafter, soil may be dug out to a further depth not exceeding 30cm and used in forming the embankment. The topsoil should then spread back on the land. It is most important to adopt this practice when the soil is borrowed from rich cultivable land.  Borrow areas shall be selected at wasteland, at least 500m away from the road;  Priority should be given to the borrowing from humps above the general ground level within the road land;  Priority should be given to the borrowing by excavating/enlarging existing tanks;  Borrowing should be from mounds resulting from the digging of well and lowering of agricultural fields in vicinity of the road;  In case of settlements, borrow pit shall not be selected within a distance 800m from towns or villages. If unavoidable, earth excavation shall not exceed 30 cm in depth.  The haulage distance from site should not be too far.  Borrow areas will be reclaimed except those to be developed as pond by the choice of land owner Operation Phase No impact is anticipated on soil during the operation phase and therefore, no mitigation measure is required. However, incident of soil erosion should visually check on slops and high embankment areas along the road during operation phase. In case soils erosion is observed, measures should be taken to control the soil erosion. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 89 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar During the operation phase, contamination of soil is not likely to be happened other than accidental spillage. Depending on the nature and magnitude of spill, appropriate land remediation measure should be taken by concerned authorities. 5.5 Water Environment The water environment, which comprises i.e. surface water and ground water, may impact quantitatively and qualitatively. Impacts over water resources are expected only in construction phase. 5.5.1 Ground Water Design and Construction Phase The water demand and requirement for construction and domestic consumption would be met from surface and extraction of groundwater through bore/tube well. Groundwater resources are not scarce in the project area and water table is very high (1-4m bgl). Contamination of groundwater is not envisaged since all construction camps will have septic tanks or mobile toilets depending on the number of workers in each camp. The proposed road improvement will cause loss of water sources i.e.16 hand pumps and 20 wells located in the proposed RoW. People and community depending on these water sources will be impact in terms of getting drinking water. Mitigation Measures  All such impacted hand pumps shall be suitably relocated in close coordination with Public Health Engineering Department (PHED).  New groundwater extraction structures shall be dug up considering the geo- hydrological condition of the area.  Requisite permission shall be obtained from Central Ground Water Board for extraction of groundwater. The contractor shall arrange water for construction and domestic consumption in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected 5.5.2 Surface Water Bodies Design and Construction Stage Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 90 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar There are two rivers crossing NH 30A that will be affected due to proposed road improvement and widening. Oil and grease from site camp through surface run- off is another major concern. During construction, discharge of oil and Grease is most likely from workshops, oil and waste oil storage areas, diesel oil pumps, vehicle parking areas from the construction camps. Mitigation Measure To the extent possible, loss of water bodies shall be minimized especially those being used by local community. Construction / Site camp will be located approximate 500m away from surface water body. For each construction camp one oil interceptor will be provided so that discharge could not pollute nearby area. Wastewater contaminated with oils and waste oils and grease will be treated in the oil interceptor to remove all oil and grease spills before discharging appropriately. As far as possible the ground will be leveled in such manner that the wastewater will flow in one direction. The wastewater channels will be constructed with a slope of 1: 150 to ensure that wastewater flows into the interceptor before discharge. Oil and grease of the oil interceptors will be cleaned once in a fortnight from outside by skimming of oil film over the surface. 5.5.3 Drainage Pattern The project road crosses many natural drains. There will be no permanent change in the drainage pattern except for some temporal changes. As such, the surface water flow pattern may be affected insignificantly due to construction work for road widening. Some old CD structures may cause hindrance to flow of water during construction stage. The proposed road improvement will also reconstruct minor bridges and culvert that has less discharge capacity along with construction of 14 new culverts along road and bypasses. Hence, 2-laning of the project road would have significant positive impact on drainage system along the road through increase discharge capacity and CD structures. Mitigation Measures The contractor shall ensure that construction debris do not find their way in to the minor drainage channels which may get clogged. To restore the surface water flow/drainage, proper mitigation measures will be taken along the road, like: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 91 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar  Total 6.23km lined drains both sides in built-up area and chute drain of length 10.8 km has been proposed based on site conditions and public feedback.  Total 12 nos. major bridges, 27 nos. minor bridges and 186 culverts are proposed to be provided to maintain the drainage pattern in the project area.  Some culverts will be enhanced to accommodate the drainage requirement.  Drainage arrangements will be provided in respect of site conditions in the form of drainage layer and sub-surface drains in the full width of formation or below the shoulder so as to keep the pavement well drained.  Necessary drainage arrangement in turn with the site condition should be provided in the form of drainage layer, longitudinal, cross, chute drains, and toe drains in the full width of formation or below the shoulder.  Good engineering and construction practice should be followed avoid the clogging of water channels along the project road. Operation Phase During the operation phase, drainage pattern or hydrology of the area will not be affected. Therefore, no impact is anticipated during operation phase and no mitigation measures are required. 5.5.4 Degradation of Water Quality Existing water quality of the roadside water sources can be degraded mainly in three ways a) by addition of pollutants like debris, siltation, effluent generation from construction works, b) Accidental spillage, and c) encroaching of water bodies. Of these, pollutants due to construction works will cease on completion of construction activities. Construction Stage The degradation of water quality can occur during construction stage of project road from increased sediment load into watercourses/water bodies near the construction site. This may be aggravated by removal of vegetation and consequent increase in soil erosion. Soil types along the project road consist of Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 92 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar clay loam soil. The impacts of increased run-off laden with fine sediment will make the water more turbid during rains. The project has fish pond abutting the road and specific measures like silt fencing for erosion control measures needs to be taken at such locations to prevent deterioration in water quality that might impact on fish production. The EMP will include contractual requirements for the contractor to avoid/mitigate impacts from increased sedimentation. Degradation of water quality is also possible due to accidental discharges into watercourses from drainage of workers’ camps and from spillage in vehicle parking and/or fuel and lubricant storage areas. To control the degradation of water quality during construction, following mitigation measures are suggested along the project road:  No debris should be dumped in the water bodies, effluent arising out of the construction works shall first be collected in a retention period. After reuse (whatever can be) of the water, it will be discharged in location drain.  Waste oil and POL shall be kept in closed containers and stacked properly in all weather protected room before final disposal so that leaching does not lake place. Such waste shall be sold/disposed of to CPCB/SPCB approved register waste recycler.  Construction camp if any should properly located to avoid contamination of surface water bodies due to generation of waste and waste water.  Culvert and/or viaduct will be proposed to accommodate the drainage requirement along the alignment.  Drainage arrangements are suggested in tune with the site conditions in the form of drainage layer, longitudinal cross and sub-surface drains in the full width of formation or below the shoulder so as to keep the pavement well drained.  During construction period, suitable barrier will be used to protect the adjoining water bodies from the falling earth materials and dust raised to avoid sedimentation.  Water from pond will not be used to meet the water requirement for construction purposes. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 93 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Operation Stage During the operation stage, there is very less probability of degradation of water quality during normal operations. The implications of accidental discharge are potentially disastrous. But, it must be emphasized that the probability of such an accident is quite low, indeed, as one of the objectives of the design is the enhancement of road safety 5.6 Air Environment Air quality is an important parameter in impact evaluation as it has direct impact on human health, animal and plant life. Moreover, it will have long term impact during project operation and short term impact during project construction. Air pollutants emitted by vehicles are dispersed into the atmosphere depending upon wind direction and speed, surface roughness and topography. Open topography and high winds allow the pollutant disperse faster than narrow topography. 5.6.1 Construction Phase Impacts to the air environment during construction will largely result from the generation of dust. Dust will be generated as a result of site clearing and grading, heavy machinery travelling over exposed soils, truck traffic and the production of construction materials at borrow pits and off-site quarries. Dust generation impacts will be most significant along new bypass alignments. These impacts will be short time and confined within RoW. Generation of dust is a critical issue and is likely to have adverse impact on health of workers in quarries, borrow areas and stone crushing units. This is a direct adverse impact, which will last almost throughout the construction period. High levels of SO2 , and hydrocarbons are likely from hot mix plant operations. Volatile toxic gases are released through the heating process during bitumen production. Although the impact is much localized, it can spread downwind depending on the wind speeds. Quarrying activities including excavation and crushing of construction material will also lead to increased SPM. Prediction of Impact on Ambient Air Quality To examine the impacts during construction activities due to generation of fugitive dust from crushers units, air emissions from hot mix plants and vehicles used for transportation of materials, NPI model is suggested . Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 94 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar 5.6.2 Operation Phase As all the shoulders will be paved shoulders and slopes of embankments shall be turfed, dust generation is not a problem at this stage. The major impact on air quality will be due to plying of vehicles. The impacts on air quality will at any given time depend upon traffic volume / rate of vehicular emission within a given stretch and prevailing meteorological conditions. Air pollution Impacts arise from two sources: (i) inadequate vehicle maintenance; and (ii) use of adulterated fuel in vehicles. Enforcement standards to meetbetter vehicle performance in emissions and the improvement of fuel constituents can assist in improving regional air quality. Air Quality Modeling Air quality modeling for CO has been done using CALINE-4 line source model developed by California Transport Department considering 2010 as base year and 2035 as the future year of prediction. The model uses the conditions prevalent to the Project such as site conditions, metrological conditions, and traffic data as predicted for the project as well as the emission factors as prevalent in India. CALINE-4 is the fourth generation simple line source Gaussian plume dispersion model (Benson, 1984). It employs a mixing zone concept to characterize pollutant dispersion over the roadway. The model has been run for “worst one hour condition” with roughness coefficient of suburban area (100cm) with mixing zone width of 11 m for 2010 and 13 m for 2015 (opening year) & 2035 (Projected year). Meteorological Conditions Worst case ambient temperature of 10C, mean annual wind speed of 2.0 m/s with direction deviation of 10 degrees have been considered along with C - Stability Class 40 m as mixing height, with slight day time insolation and thin overcast conditions. Traffic & Location 24 hourly mode wise traffic counts have been considered to compute emission factor for the mentioned years for two representative locations in Homogenous section (HS) I & IV. Peak hour traffic count (Table 5.2) has been considered for running “worst one hour condition”. First location is a commercial area (km Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 95 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar 9+000) near Daniawan. Second location is a residential area (km 58+000) at Saksohra village just before the Barh Bypass. Table 5.2: Average Daily Peak Hour Traffic Count at km 9+000 and km 58+000 Hour Year No. of vehicles Km 9+000 1400:1500 2010 166 1400:1500 2015 315 1400:1500 2030 1050 Km 58+000 1100:1200 2010 116 1100:1200 2015 256 1100:1200 2030 900 Links & Receptors For the purpose of the model two locations have been considered and based on the representative locations Group- links have been taken (each link is supposed to be less than 10 kms) with grid receptors with X & Y spacing of 7 and 8 m respectively. The division of sections into links has been done in such way, so that the link can be fairly considered as straight stretch of road having homogenous geometry with uniform width, height, and traffic volume and vehicle emission factors. The coordinates of end points of links specify the location of the links in the model. The model uses Gaussian dispersion parameters (σy and σz) that are fairly accurate up to 100 m distance. Emission Factor One of the important requirements for CALINE-4 modeling is the input for emission factor for vehicles. In the present study, the emission factors specified by the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), 2007 have been used for calculation of weighted emission factors. These emission factors have been expressed for various pollutants and vehicle types in terms of vintage year (i.e., year of manufacture), type of fuel used (petrol or diesel) & deterioration factor specified by CPCB. The improvement in engine technology, resulting in reduced emission factors are reflected in these emission factors. Since, there is only one input requirement for total no. of vehicles in the CALINE 4 model, whereas, there are different categories of vehicles (viz., Cars, Bus and trucks) with different year of manufacture and fuel used, it is essential that a single value representing an Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 96 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar equivalent or weighted emission factor (WEF) for all the vehicles is provided into the model. Thus, WEF expressed in g/mile (converted from gm/km) has been calculated for the present study. The formula used for composite emission factor is given below: Composite Emission Factor = Σfixi/Σfi Where, fi= No. of vehicles & xi= CO emission factor Emission factor computed and considered for this study is given in Table 5.3 below in gm/mile. Table 5.3: Composite Emission Factor Section 1 Year 2010 2015 2030 Traffic 166 310 970 Composite Emission 5.06 4.80 5.08 Factor Section 2 Year 2010 2015 2030 Traffic 116 280 820 Composite Emission 4.80 4.51 5.02 Factor Source: Air Quality Monitoring Project‐ Indian Clean Air Program (ICAP) Draft Report on ‘Emission Factor Development for Indian Vehicles’ CPCB ARAI, Pune 2007. Interpretation For section the model generated no output in the form of contours for CO for the base year and Opening year indicating no incremental GLC. Contours were generated for projected year 2030 for Section I and all the years for section 2 as given in Figure 5.1. Table 5.4 gives the variation of CO across the mixing width Table 5.4: Variation of Concentration of CO on either side of Centre line 2035 LHS RHS Distance (m) 200 100 50 50 100 200 Km 9+000 0 0.25 0.40 CL 0.32 0.2 0.12 Km58+000 0 0.29 0.45 0.34 0.18 0.10 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 97 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar It is clear from the above table that predicted concentrations of CO are well within the stipulated limits of CPCB till the end of project life. Mitigation Measures The project will relieve the congestion in built up areas such as Daniawan, Harnaut and Barh. This relieve in congestion will also improve air quality in these urban towns. Based on the baseline ambient air quality at the various locations along the project road, prediction of the pollutant concentrations for the projected traffic due to the project was carried out using CALINE-4. The results indicate that the ambient air quality will not exceed the standards now applicable even at the end of project life. The compensatory plantation planned will further attenuate the gaseous and particulate matter in the environment. To ensure the control of exhaust gas emissions from the various construction activities, the contractor shall take up the following mitigation measures: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 98 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Fig 5.1 : Dispersion of CO in opening Year 2015 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 99 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Figure 5.2: Dispersion of CO in opening Year 2015 (Contd.) Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 100 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar  An adequate cyclone/scrubber to control emissions from the stack of hot mix plants will be provided in the event of the emissions exceeding the BSPCB norms. Other potential measures include plantation around periphery of the hot-mix plants.  To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, air quality monitoring shall be carried out at least once a season during the period the plant is in operation.  All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform to the BSPCB norms. A vehicle maintenance schedule prepared by the contractor and approved by the Engineer shall be adhered to.  Contractor will take necessary consent from state pollution control board for location of hot mix plants. 5.7 Noise Environment Though the level of discomfort caused by noise is subjective, there is a definite increase in discomfort with an increase in noise levels. Road noise depends on factors such as traffic intensity, the type and condition of the vehicles plying on the road, acceleration/deceleration/gear changes by the vehicles depending on the level of congestion and smoothness of road surface (IRC: 104-1988). The baseline noise levels monitored at various locations along the Project Road alignment indicate the baseline levels are well will within in the stipulated limits of CPCB for the respective land uses of monitoring locations. The noise is concern as during construction and operation phases there will be generation of significant noise. The impacts on noise due to the project will be of significance in both the construction as well as the operation stages. Pre-Construction stage Noise levels during the pre construction stage are mostly expected to be indicative of prevalent baseline levels apart from localised noise levels at locations where pre construction stage activities are taking place such as establishment of workers camps, stockyards. These increased noise levels will prevail only for a short duration during the pre construction stage. Moreover, as Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 101 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar these activities are not likely to be placed near settlement the increased noise impact is bound to be negligible. Construction Stage During construction, the major sources for noise pollution will be movement of vehicles transporting the construction material to the construction yard and the noise generating activities at the yard itself. Crushing plants, asphalt production plants, movement of heavy vehicles, loading, transportation and unloading of construction materials produce significant noise during construction stage. The construction equipment with high noise levels, the noise generated during excavation, loading and transportation of material near the borrow areas will affect the construction personnel and other humans in the area. The typical noise levels associated with the various construction activities and the various construction equipments are presented in the following Table. 5.5. Table 5.5: Typical Noise Levels of Principal Construction Equipment CLEARING STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION Bulldozer 80 Crane 75-77 Front end loader 72-84 Welding generator 71-82 Jack hammer 81-98 Concrete mixer 74-88 Crane with ball 75-87 Concrete pump 81-84 Concrete vibrator 76 EXCAVATION & EARTH MOVING Air compressor 74-87 Bulldozer 80 Pneumatic tools 81-98 Backhoe 72-93 Bulldozer 80 Front end loader 72-84 Cement and dump trucks83-94 Dump truck 83-94 Front end loader 72-84 Jack hammer 81-98 Dump truck 83-94 Scraper 80-93 Paver 86-88 GRADING AND COMPACTING LANDSCAPING AND CLEAN-UP Grader 80-93 Bulldozer 80 Roller 73-75 Backhoe 72-93 Truck 83-94 PAVING Front end loader 72-84 Paver 86-88 Dump truck 83-94 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 102 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Truck 83-94 Paver 86-88 Tamper 74-77 Dump truck 83-94 Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations. Building Equipment and Home Appliances. NJID. 300.1. December 31. 1971 Though the noise levels presented for the various construction activities e xceeds the permissible limits, it is important to note that the construction noise is generally intermittent and depends on the type of operation, location and function of the equipment. Proper mitigation measures as to regulate the timings of construction, employing noise protection measures etc. need to be worked out. Operation Stage To assess the noise levels at the various sensitive receptor locations along the corridor, the prediction of noise levels has been made for the horizon years 2015, 2030 and 2040, using the FHWA Transport Noise Model. Predicted Noise Levels For the prediction of noise levels, FHWA Noise Model has been used. It is assumed that all the traffic is in well-defined lanes and flow of traffic in both the directions is the same. Different categories of receptors were selected such as residential areas, commercial areas and sensitive locations (Schools, Hospitals etc.) to represent the prevailing land use along the project corridor. FHWA Noise Model The procedure for prediction of noise levels involves the following steps: 1) Identification of sensitive receptors 2) Determination of land uses and activities which may be affected by the noise generated 3) Assemble input parameters 4) Application of the model Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 103 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar a) Sensitive receptors: The locations along the corridor that are sensitive to the anticipated noise impacts are identified as sensitive receptors. These consist of schools, colleges, etc. b) Land uses: Land use along the corridor is obtained from the topographic drawings, strip maps and consequent site visits. This information provides the range of shielding and absorption factors to be applied at the various receptor locations. c) Input Parameters: Traffic volume & Speed: Traffic volume for the projected period is obtained from the traffic projections. The total number of vehicles passing per hour by type - light, medium and heavy along with their average speed is used for projections. Mean Energy level: All the vehicles produce noise, which is taken as the base, and the cumulative noise at the receptor distance due to the whole traffic is estimated. The mean energy level varies depending on the type of vehicle. A mean energy level for the light, medium vehicles is 70 dB and for heavy vehicles it is 80 dB. Shielding & Absorption factors: This depends on the land use prevailing along the corridor. The preceding equation is used thrice, for light, medium and heavy vehicles respectively to obtain three values of Leq. The total Leq can be calculated by logarithmic addition of the three Leq values as follows: Leq(Total) = 10 Leq ( 10 Leq(L)/10 + 10 Leq(M)/10 + 10 Leq(H)/10 ) The total equivalent noise levels at the receptor, at a distance‘d’ m from the center of the traffic lane is given by the above equation. Reference Noise Levels The vehicular noise emission levels significantly vary with vehicle speed. It is therefore necessary that speed dependency of noise emissions for various categories of vehicles is taken into account while using the model for noise prediction due to the roadway. In this work the speed-noise relations presented by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) in their report on Environmental and Social Assessment Delhi - NOIDA Bridge Project have been adopted (Table 5.6). Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 104 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Traffic Volumes and Speed The projected hourly data category wise has been used. Different operative speeds have been used for various horizon years in the design life to get a realistic picture of the noise levels. Details of Receptors selected for Prediction of Noise Levels is presented in Table 5.7. Table 5.6: Speed-Noise Relationships for Various Motor Vehicles Speed Cars Trucks & 2/3 Wheelers (kmph) (dB (A)) Buses (dB (A)) (dB (A)) 30 56.0 73.0 58.0 40 59.0 76.0 61.0 50 63.0 80.0 66.0 60 68.0 81.0 68.0 70 68.0 81.5 70.0 80 70.0 82.0 72.0 90 72.0 83.0 74.0 100 74.0 83.5 76.0 Table 5.7: Prediction of Noise Levels along the Project Corridor Ch. Receptor Distance Noise Levels Noise Levels Noise MoEF (km) Category from Centre (2010) (2020) Levels Standards line (meters) 75 dB (A) 75 dB (A) (2030) 75 dB (A) 75 dB (A) Day Night Day Night Day Night Day Night 0+000 Industrial 35 59 50 61 52 63 54 75 70 8+500 Commercial 42 58 49 59 50 63 54 65 55 11+900 Sensitive 50 45 35 46 37 48 39 50 40 16+900 Residential 40 51 46 53 48 56 51 55 45 19+000 Sensitive 40 45 34 47 36 49 39 50 40 24+230 Residential 40 52 42 53 43 55 45 55 45 40+000 Commercial 35 60 50 63 54 66 56 65 55 68+000 Commercial 40 58 44 58 51 61 54 65 55 It is clear from the above table that both ‘Day’ time and ‘Night’ time predicted values are well within the limits of CPCB at all locations except at Harnaut (56 dB for year 2030) location (km 40+000). The above predicted values are without considering shielding effects of noise due to vegetations, etc. Majority Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 105 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar of the traffic will utilize the Bypass at Harnaut , thus curbing the noise pollution. Mitigation Measures Design Stage A prediction of the future noise levels due to the project for 2010, 2020 and 2030 have been carried out using FHWA Model. In order to avoid noise and air impacts most of the habitations have been bypassed. There is no educational institute within the RoW or in the immediate vicinity. If any noise sensitive receptor is noticed in the immediate vicinity of RoW, the project design will have provision for noise barriers in the form of wall or tree cover. Construction Stage The required mitigation materials include location of Construction Camps will be at least 500 m away from inhabited areas. Other ancillary measures include maintenance of equipment in good condition, proper design of engine enclosures. Project activities shall be coinciding with periods when people would be least affected. Construction activities shall be strictly prohibited between 10 P.M and 6 A.M in residential areas. The plants and equipment used for construction will strictly conform to CPCB noise standards. Vehicles and equipment used shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. The noise level from any item of plants and machinery (measured at 1 m from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front end loaders, concrete mixers, cranes, vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB (A) , as specified in the Environmental Protection Rules, 1986. To protect construction workers from severe noise impacts, noise standards of industrial enterprises will be strictly enforced at construction site and construction camps and workers shall be provided with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earplugs and muffs. Operation Stage Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 106 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar The plantation grown will also act as a noise barrier. Predicted noise levels indicate that beyond 500m distances no impact of project road vehicular noise will be felt. 5.8 Management of Debris/ Waste A total of 3000 cum waste material have been estimated to be generated due to dismantling of old and weak structures and pavement. Waste concrete, brick bat and unused iron bars or damaged support structures constitutes significant waste. Mitigation for solid waste from construction camp has been described in construction camp section. About 65 % waste material will be used for widening and temporary works. Rest material will be disposed at dump yard in environmental sound manner. Mitigation measures  Maximum use of debris will be done in widening and temporary work. Some dismantled material may be used at village roads to maintain their level on the request of villagers or their requirement.  The existing bitumen surface will be utilized for paving of cross roads, access roads, and paving works in construction sites and camps, temporary traffic diversions and haulage routes.  All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross drainage and the like will be the property of the MoRTH and will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping.  Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off at predestinated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in environmentally sound manner. For removal of debris, wastes, and its disposal MoRTH guidelines will be followed.  Unusable and surplus materials, as determined by the Project Engineer, will be removed and disposed off-site at appropriate location as decided by Road Agency. The locations of dumping sites should be selected with following considerations.  Unproductive/wastelands shall be selected for dumping sites. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 107 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar  Away from residential areas are located at least 500 m downwind side of these locations,  Dumping sites do not contaminate any water sources, rivers etc  Dumping sites have adequate capacity equal to the amount of debris generated.  Public perception and consent from the village Panchayats about the location of debris disposal site has to be obtained before finalizing the location.  Form works will be re-used to the extent possible, more than 20 times as dictated by good practice. All stripped formworks will be examined for any damage and rectified in the workshop for re-use. Rectification includes plugging holes, and straightening bent steel props. 5.9 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 5.9.1 Impacts on flora 5.9.2 Roadside Plantations and Protected Forest Areas The roadside plantation i n Patna and Nalanda districts has been designated as protected forest, as per Government of Bihar Gazette Notification. During the design and construction of project road, following impacts are expected.  There is no national park/ wildlife sanctuary or any other eco-sensitive area within 15 km radius of project road.  A total of 30.374 ha land is to be diverted from roadside protected forest.  Total 1805 trees in protected or non-protected forest are proposed to be removed for 2- lanes configuration project road.  The loss of trees and herbal cover at least during the construction phase, is likely to produce some negative impacts over the population of avi-fauna and insects. Mitigation Measures  Alignment has been selected carefully to minimize tree felling specially for bypasses and realignments. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 108 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar  Forest clearance for diversion of 30.374 ha forest land will be obtained from concerned authority  Prior permission for tree felling will be obtained from forest department, Govt. of Bihar. Proper attention will be given towards abutting trees should not be damaged at the time of tree felling.  Compensatory plantation will be carried out as per guidelines of forest department as well as IRC: SP: 21-2009 apart statutory requirement as per available land.  The possibility of transplanting of trees to be felled should be explored.  Tree felling will be done under the supervision of forest department and all applicable rules of state forest department will be followed.  In case wild animals found within RoW, contractor will informed forest department. Operation Phase During the operation phase, no adverse impact is anticipated on the flora and fauna of the area. Plantation along the road on available space will be enhanced vegetation in the area. Monitoring of survival of trees should be done at regular interval and suitable mitigation measures should be taken to protect the trees. 5.10 Impact on Protected Monuments and Cultural Heritage Sites It has been observed that no archaeological monument and cultural heritage site exists within the proposed ROW and in the vicinity. Therefore, there would not be any impact on the archaeological and cultural heritage sites 5.11 Socio-economic and Health Impacts Development projects generate not only positive impact/benefits but also cause adverse social impacts in terms of loss of land assets, non-land assets, loss of livelihood etc especially on vulnerable sections of the society who are susceptible to socio-economic risks. Identification of such anticipated adverse impacts and developing appropriate mitigation measures during project planning, design and implementation is essential for achieving social sustainability of any project. Census and socio-economic survey was conducted during the period March 2011 to Oct 2011. Census and socio-economic survey started on 15th March 2011 using Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 109 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar approved format as per the engineering design. Structures and other properties likely to be affected within the corridor of impact (varying from point to point i.e., keeping in view the maximum land width requirement for widening as per the design) were identified and then distance of structures from the centre line of the existing road was noted. Further, measurements of structure and other physical details were noted down in the format. Any structure (residential, commercial, residential cum commercial and other properties that fell within the corridor of impact i.e., proposed ROW), either partially or fully was taken as likely affected structures. Name of owner of the structure/ property and associated persons with the likely affected structures were noted down. Thereafter, census and socioeconomic survey format was administered to the head of the household or adult member of the household for collect the requisite data. Data collected from survey were entered into excel sheet for production of outputs. The extent of impacts due to the proposed intervention (upgrading and improvements) is discussed in the following sections. A total of 179 structures including Kiosks & CPRs have been identified which 103 are titleholders, 33 squatters & encroachers 43 are CPRs. Kiosk has been identified as a separate category. Distribution of structures likely to be affected is summarized in Table 5.8. Table 5.8 – Structures Affected by Ownership Name of Titleholders Squatter & CPRS Total District Encroachers Patana 58 29 24 111 Nalanda 45 4 19 68 Total 103 33 43 179 Structures likely to be affected have been categorized with respect to Right of Way i.e., titleholder (those who have legal paper for the structure), encroacher (structure existing within the private land but have extended into right of way) and squatter (those who have constructed their structure fully within the RoW). Similarly, structures have been categorized as pucca (wall, roof and floor are built of brick, concrete and cement), semi-pucca [wall & floor made of brick and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 110 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar cement, roof – tiled (khaprail), tin, asbestos and thatched], temporary (partly constructed of bricks, mud, bamboo, straw and other such materials) and huts (all thatched materials). Distribution of structures by status with respect to right of way and also by type of construction is presented in Table 5.9. Table 5.9: Impact on Structures by Typology District Permanent Semi-Permanent Temporary Total Patna 27 38 22 87 Nalanda 12 21 16 49 Total 39 59 38 136 Encroachers comprise about 18% of the total structures likely to be affected excluding CPRs and Kiosks, followed by title-holders and squatters. Kutcha (temporary / huts) structures constitute about 28% of the structures likely to be affected. Kutcha structures and kiosks are built of locally available materials such as bamboo, paddy straws, wood, mud, etc. These are small structures which can be shifted from one place to another without much damage. 5.12 Impacts due to Land Acquisition The project entails land acquisition though, at a low scale for widening, realignments, junction improvements, bypasses etc. The available ROW along the project corridor is inadequate along certain stretches and triggers need for additional land acquisition (extent of land acquisition varies from 1.0 m to 5.0 m). As far as possible the land acquisition has been kept to the minimum, by restricting the geometric improvement within the existing right of way. However the land acquisition will be done at sections having width, insufficient to accommodate the approved cross-sections & geometric improvements. There are three bypass on the Project Road. The land acquisition is planned for curve improvements and realignments. Additional land requirement for the proposed project given in Table 5.10. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 111 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table 5.10: Additional Land Requirement for the proposed project Name of Land S. Name of Start End Length Width District Acquisition No Village Chainage Chainage (m) (m) Avg. /Tehsil Area (sq m) Patna/ 1 Daniawan 0 2241 2241 30 66,475.77 Daniawan Patna/ 2 Chotki Kabei 10170 10400 230 6 1,298.23 Daniawan 59370 59565 3 Patna /Barh Ekdanga 59575 59725 555 6 3,105.86 59750 59960 Birhana 51,007.62 Sahri 20,567.25 4 Patna/ Barh Bazidpur 0 5080 5080 33 8,208.68 Sahri 65,070.54 Talibpur 24,967.40 Nalanda 17950 18325 375 6 2,431.10 5 Usmanpur /Hilsa 18480 18745 265 5 1,214.00 a) 38250 38388 Nalanda/ 6 Sartha b) 38400 38450 357 10 3,433.67 Harnaut c) 38565 38734 Sartha 510.79 Nalanda/ Porai 26,187.09 7 0 3665 3665 29 Harnaut Rupaspur 24,382.07 Cheran 53,836.02 8 Lohra 44280 44350 70 40 2,815.14 5.13 Loss of Private Properties Loss of private properties in the form residential, commercial and residential cum commercial is minimal as re-alignment have been finalized away from the habitations. However there may be loss of some properties. These are being counted as part of land acquisition plans. 5.14 Common Properties Resources Common property resources such as schools, hand pumps, wells, tube wells, religious structures etc falling in RoW of project road summarized in Table 5.11 below: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 112 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table 5.11: Amenities and Public Facilities Falling in the RoW Numbers Community Properties Total Hand pump 16 Police Station Nil School 1 Religious Structures 7 well 20 Govt. Building 3 Total 47 Mitigation Measures  Project road has been designed to fit formation width in minimum ROW especially at built-up areas  The assessment made by the social team shall be referred for exact loss of private properties and measures to compensate such losses. Details census survey of project affected families has been carried out and PAFs will be compensated as per MoRTH /World Bank policies.  Resettlement Action Plan developed for PAHs/PAPs will be implemented.  Income restoration measures/livelihood options for vulnerable group/resource poor sections and other affected persons as recommended in RAP shall be implemented. 5.15 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Action A Resettlement Policy Framework has been prepared by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India for National Highways Inter- Connectivity Improvement Project (NHIIP). The RPF has been posted on the website of MoRTH for public viewing. This RPF includes resettlement and rehabilitation principles and approach to be followed in minimizing and mitigating adverse impacts likely to be caused by the project implementation, entitlement matrix, census and socio-economic survey, preparation of SIA and RAP, institutional arrangement for RAP implementation, etc. The resettlement Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 113 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar and rehabilitation assistance to project affected persons shall be provided in accordance with this RPF in letter and spirit. 5.16 Livelihood Restoration and Income Generation Strategy The background socio economic profile as per social screening Reports reveal that the population in the project influence area is generally poor and have limited capacity to benefit from the livelihood opportunities created under the development projects or any government sponsored programme. Special effort shall be required under the project in terms of social mobilization and outreach. One of the objectives of the RAP will be to restore livelihood conditions of the PAPs at pre-project level; if not enhanced. In other words; under the project; the main focus of restoration and enhancement of livelihood will be to ensure that PAPs are able to “regain their previous living standards”. Other than provision in EM, the project will develop Income Generation opportunities including training and linking to on-ongoing government schemes. For this purpose, the PIU office along with facilitating NGOs will help PAPs on opting and making feasible income generation activities for rehabilitation. This will require undertaking detailed market feasibility study and training need assessment to choose the most viable and promising income restoration programs for PAPs. In addition to the project-sponsored programs, the facilitating NGO will play a proactive role to mobilize various government schemes and ensure their accessibility and benefits to PAPs, particularly BPL, WHH and other vulnerable groups by marking self- help groups (SHGs) and project beneficiary groups (PBGs). These government program aims at creating sustained employment by strengthening rural infrastructure through employment guarantee to rural poor for at least 100 days in a year. NGOs are assigned key roles for assisting and supporting PAPs for restoration of Income and Livelihood. The NGO will work with the PAPs and line department of the concern Districts to dovetail these programs to benefit PAPs. NGOs shall prepare social action plans detailing out specific activities to be undertaken by them in consultation with the PAPs and concerned departmental officials for each of the sub projects. Resettlement Budget The resettlement budget comprise estimated value of compensation for land, structures, trees, crops, various resettlement assistances, cost of CPRs, Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 114 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar institutional cost, contingency, hiring of NGO for RAP implementation, monitoring and evaluation consultant, etc. The project authority will be release requisite funds covered under resettlement budget in a timely manner. The total R&R budget as given in Table 5.12. for the package works out to Rs 42.1 crore, out of which Rs. 34.06 crore is towards compensation for land and Structures, whereas the balance amount of Rs.8.02 crore is towards various components of resettlement assistance. The resettlement and rehabilitation budget has been estimated based on the information, data collected from field and other reliable sources. The budget will be updated and adjusted as per the market rate of various items as the project continues. The compensation amount for the acquisition of land, structures, trees, standing crops etc will be determined by the Competent Authority of the concerned Districts as per the “NH Act 1956” and its amendments. In addition, PAPs will be entitled to R&R assistance in accordance with the entitlement matrix provided in the RPF and its letter and spirit. The resettlement budget is indicative and has been estimated as per the present rate. The unit costs would be updated and adjusted to the inflation rate as the project continues. Compensation for land will be as per the NH Act 1956. Differential amount between replacement value and compensation amount will be paid by the Project Authority as assistance. Estimated Budget for Resettlement and Rehabilitation given in Table 5.12. Table 5.12 - Estimated Budget for Resettlement and Rehabilitation Sl. Cost/uni Total Compensatio Assistance ITEMS Unit No. t in Rs. Units n in Rs. in Rs. A Land Acquisition Compensation for Land as per Bihar Land Acquisition Resettlement and Rehabilitation As per Ha 33.25 317240280 Policy, 2007 (BLARRP-2007) LA Plan including solatium amount @ 60% and centages Additional ex-gratia amount for the affected person loosing 28250 any land area beyond 250 sq m. Sq m. 80 22600000 0 @Rs.80 per sq m (para 7.19 NRRP 2007) Additional ex-gratia amount of Rs.20,000/- for those losing No. 20000 234 4680000 land up to 250 sq m (para 7.19 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 115 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar NRRP 2007) Assistance for landholder becomes landless or is reduced to the status of a “small” or “marginal” farmer; rehabilitation No. 112500 78 8775000 allowance e q u i v a l e n t t o 750 days of minimum agricultural wages would also be given. (para 7.14, NRRP-2007) = 750 x 150 = Sub Total A 317240280 36055000 B Replacement Cost for Structures Titleholders Permanent Structures sq m 2150 9775 21016250 Semi-permanent Structures sq m 1344 1345 1807680 Temporary Structures sq m 376 1050 394800 Squatters & Encroachers Permanent Structures sq m 2150 234 54756 Semi-permanent Structures sq m 1344 356 126736 Temporary Structures sq m 376 58 3364 Sub Total B 23403586 C Assistance for title holders Monthly subsistence / transitional allowance equivalent to twenty- five days minimum agricultural wages per month for a period of Family 45000 130 5850000 one year from the date of displacement (para 7.16 of NRRP- 2007). Shifting allowance to PAFs as one-time financial assistance of Family 10000 130 1300000 Rs 10,000 as per (para 7.10 NRRP 2007). Sub Total C 7150000 D Assistance for Tenants Rental Allowance for Tenants equivalent to twenty-five days minimum agricultural wages per month for a period of Six Family 22500 5 112500 Months from the date of displacement (para 7.16 of NRRP- 2007). Shifting allowance to PAFs as one-time financial assistance of Family 10000 5 50000 Rs 10,000 as per (para 7.10 NRRP 2007). Sub Total D 162500 E Assistance to Squatters Monthly subsistence/transitional Allowance equivalent to twenty- Family 45000 34 1530000 five days minimum agricultural wages per month for a period of Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 116 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar one year from the date of displacement (para 7.16 of NRRP- 2007). Shifting allowance to PAFs as one-time financial assistance of Family 10000 34 340000 Rs.10, 000 as per (para 7.10 NRRP 2007). Assistance of Rs 15,000/- for loss of cattle shed (para 7.10 Family 15000 6 90000 NRRP 2007). House construction assistance for those belong to vulnerable groups equivalent to the latest construction cost of Indira Awas Family 10000 69 690000 Yojana Scheme for Rural Areas and cost of house construction under JNURM for Urban Areas Additional Support to Vulnerable Group One time additional financial assistance equivalent to Family 10000 178 1780000 300 days of minimum wages to all vulnerable Sub Total E 4430000 F Assistance to Kiosks Shifting allowance to PAFs as one-time financial assistance of 5000 0 0.00 Rs 5000/- for assistance for Kiosks Sub Total F 0.00 G Resettlement Sites Development of resettlement si te s for completely displaced residential and commercial Squatters due to project on NH Sq m. - - 0.00 Land or Land made available by State Government. Area of Land Required is around 6 Hec. Sub Total G 0.00 H Other Assets Replacement of hand pumps per HP 35000 16 560000 Replacement of Wells Per 225000 20 4500000 Well Relocation of Religious Structures Nos. 300000 7 2100000 Sub Total H 7160000 I Training Training for PAFs (Title Holder Family 617 3000 1851000 & Non Title Holder) Training of M/oRT&H, PIU, Lump Supervision Consultants and 1000000 sum NGO staff Sub Total I 2851000 J Support for RAP Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 117 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Implementation Fee of M&E Consultants Estimat 14500000 ed NGO Cost Estimat 14500000 ed Sub Total J 19000000 K Additional Studies including Estimat awareness campaigns for social 1000000 ed compliance L TOTAL (Sum A to K) 77808500 M Contingencies 3% of K 2334255 N Grand Total 340643866 80142755 420786621 Say Rs. 42.1 Crore 5.17 Impacts of Construction Workers Camps and Immigration During the construction phase of project road, construction worker will be engaged in construction activities. Most of the workers will be from local area and some may be from other areas. This may affect demography of the area for short a time. Construction stage Although the construction contractors are likely to use unskilled labour drawn from local communities, use of specialized road building equipment will require trained personnel not likely to be found locally. Sudden and relatively short-lived influxes of construction workers to communities along road will not have the potential to ‘skew’ certain demographic variables and the traditional social coherence of towns and villages. It is anticipated that the construction labour inputs for the construction works will be in the order of about 150-200 persons per day. However, this number will fluctuate, and the number of worker on any particular day will be higher or lower. The construction workforce will be made up of the following groups:  Supervision, specialist and administrative personnel, normally about 50 per cent of the workforce-the contractor would probably arrange local accommodation using boarding houses or rented houses.  Skilled workers, normally about 25 per cent of the workforce - the contractor will probably establish a construction camp for the skilled workers. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 118 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar  Unskilled workers, normally about 75 per cent of the workforce - contractors normally recruit these workers locally and do not need to provide accommodation.  The contract documents will require the contractor to obtain all necessary approvals before building a construction camp. Mitigation Measures  Construction camp shall be sited at such locations to utilize the existing infrastructure. No productive land should be utilized for construction camp. All sites must be graded, ditched, and rendered free from depressions to avoid water stagnation. Accommodation and ancillary facilities including recreational facility for workers shall be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer.  All camps should maintain minimum distance of 500 m from habitation and water bodies  All construction camps shall be provided sanitary latrines and urinals with provision of septic tanks attached with soak pits. Storm water drains shall be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp. Drains and ditches shall be treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner. LPG cylinders shall be provided as fuel source for cooking to avoid any tree cutting.  At every workplace, the Contactor will ensure, in collaboration with local health authorities that a readily available first-aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances shall be provided. Workplaces remote and far away from regular hospitals shall have indoor health units with one bed for every 250 workers. Suitable transport shall be provided to approach the nearest hospital. At every workplace, an ambulance containing the prescribed equipment and nursing staff shall be provided.  The Contractor will ensure the good health and hygiene of all workers to prevent sickness and epidemics. These include the HIV/AIDS prevention program to reduce the risk and transfer of HIV virus between and among the workers and community, promote early diagnosis and assist affected individuals. Activities under the program include monthly information, education, and consultation Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 119 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar communication campaigns to workers, drivers, delivery crew, and communities on the risk, dangers, and impacts of STD and HIV/AIDS.  The Contractor will ensure that sufficient supply of suitable and hygienically prepared food at reasonable price is available to the workers.  The Contractor will provide adequate and safe water supply for the use of the workers.  The Contractor will ensure that all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to reduce the risk to health. This may include the use of insecticides which should comply with local regulations.  Migrant workers may be the potential carriers of various diseases. Local community may get exposed to the diseases carried by migrant workers. Regular health check-up and immunization camps shall also be organized for the workers and nearby population. 5.18 Economic Impacts Construction Stage The relatively short-lived economic impacts of the construction stage are likely to be experienced in local communities for the duration of construction as workers make everyday purchases from local traders. This is likely to give a short-lived stimulus to these traders that will disappear as soon as the construction is complete. Wider, flow-on economic impacts will be experienced in other sectors of economy as a result of purchase of construction materials and the payment of wages and salaries. Operation Stage Once the upgrading is complete, there is likely to be some long-term changes in the economic structures of the urban and rural areas served by the road. For example, improved accessibility to larger markets may stimulate the production of banana crops. 5.19 Transport and Storage of Materials Construction Phase The construction material primarily will consist of aggregate, sand, cement, bitumen, lubricating oil and fuel for vehicle and construction equipments. These Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 120 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar will be primarily stored temporarily at construction camps. Project road is located in low lying area and experiences low to high flood situation during monsoon season. During construction phase, storage of hazardous materials like bitumen, oil etc will an issue in case of flood situation, if it not dealt properly it may cause contamination at large scale through surface runoff. The likely impacts due to transportation and storage including fugitive emission have already been covered under different section above. Mitigation measures Hazardous materials pose a risk to both human health and our environment. All these temporary storage areas will be located at least 500 m away from the habitation and water bodies. It is important that businesses and residents adequately assess the risk posed by hazardous materials they possess and take the necessary precautions to avoid flooding related spills. Some possible actions are:  Identify hazardous materials that are being stored in a flood plain.  Ensure these materials are securely and safely stored.  Implement mitigation strategies to prevent the release of hazardous materials to the environment.  Properly dispose of all hazardous materials that are no longer needed.  Owners and transporters of hazardous materials are directly responsible for the cleanup and remediation of spills regardless of the cause. It is therefore important that persons in possession of hazardous materials protect themselves by conducting a thorough hazard, risk and vulnerability assessment to prevent spills from occurring in the first place. 5.20 Human Health and Safety Pre-construction Stage Pre-construction stage activities including site clearances and movement of heavy vehicles & machinery along with transport of earth in trucks is likely to have negative impacts on the health of the people coming in contact with dust and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 121 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar exhausts generated by such activities. Concerns regarding the safety of people due to accidents also arise but are limited. Construction Stage The general mobility of both local residents and their livestock in and around the construction area is likely to be hindered. Unmonitored construction activities like dismantling of structures, cutting of trees, haulage material obstruction vision, spillages of lubricants, on road making it slippery may create an accident risk for local residents, particularly to children. Traffic detours are also likely to have an impact on the safety of the vehicular traffic as improve signage during night time may result in accidents, especially for fast moving vehicles. Operation Stage Improvements in geometric design and increase in sight distances would result in increase of allowable traffic speeds. High speeding vehicles are a cause for concern and the impact is likely to increase due to the project, especially for the children, domesticated animals, market commuters along the highway fringe and people visiting the temples and religious places along the highway fringe. Separate lanes for traffic will potentially minimize the risk of collisions between vehicular traffic traveling at higher speeds. The improved roads on the other hand will increase accessibility to local and regional health centers and other community support facilities. Due to the project, pedestrians and school children may get inconvenience to cross the road. Mitigation Measures Construction Stage Adverse impact on safety of pedestrians and passage of traffic approaching or passing are likely if construction works are not managed properly. It is essential that works should be planned before handing over the contractor with due considerations for safety of pedestrians and workers during the night-time. Adequate warning signs, barricades etc to inform the road users are essential in this regard. Operation Stage the improved roads on the other hand, will increase accessibility to local and regional health centre and other community support facilities. The Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 122 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar project will be implemented with due considerations for safety of pedestrians and school children. The measures will include speed humps, speed delimiting signs, service roads etc. at desired locations especially near habitations and sensitive locations, such as, schools and colleges. 5.21 Enhancement Measures Road construction project brings lot of concerns for the local communities. Their concerns apprehension and suspicious can only get dispelled through creation of an atmosphere of mutual trust and transparency. Intensive public consultation helps a lot in building rapport between Project Authorities and Stake Holders. Environment enhancement takes this process of a step further apart from improving environment and gives the road-side communities a sense of belongingness. The enhancement locations is being identified based on • Proximity to Road • Improvement of road side Aesthetics • Comfort to road users • Community property • Public Demand 5.22 Landscaping Landscaping will be done at junctions viz. ch 0.000 (Daniawan Bypass), ch 0.350 (Daniawan Bypass), ch 1.630, km 25.482 , ch 0.292( Harnaut Bypass), ch 1.245 (Harnaut Bypass), ch 3.378 (Harnaut Bypass), km 57.200, ch 0.282 (Barh Bypass), ch 4.300 (Barh Bypass), ch 4.970 (Barh Bypass). Recommended species for landscaping are Bauhinia alba, B. acuminate, Bougainvellia, Cassia biflora, C. lavigata, Gardenia, floria, Nerium oleander, Thevetia nerifolia, Tecoma stans etc. 5.23 Green Belt Development Green belt development will be done at sensitive receptor locations and new alignment. This will work as noise barrier and pollutants absorbent. Many species like Alstonea scholaris, Zyziphus sps., Aegle marmelos, Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Cassia fistula, Cassia siamea, Butea monosperma, Bauhinia variegata, Lagerstroemia thorli, Lagerstroemia floriginea, Syzigium cumini,Terminalia arjuna, Tecoma argentia etc. are recommended for plantation. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 123 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar CHPATER 6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 6.1 INTRODUCTION Public consultations have acquired a very important role in the planning process for development projects. Globally, the practice of involving communities in the planning process has been recognized as an effective tool for mitigating the negative impacts due to the projects and ensuring its timely completion. The effectiveness of participation and consultation is directly related to the degree of involvement of the affected groups. The project requires detail planning to ensure that likely project affected persons, local community, interested groups, non- governmental organizations, civil society organizations; local government, line departments, etc are consulted regularly at different stages. 6.2 DEFINITION OF STAKEHOLDER A person , group, or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organization's actions, objectives, and policies. Key stakeholders in a business organization include creditors, customers, directors, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business draws its resources. Although stake holding is usually self-legitimizing (those who judge themselves to be stakeholders are stakeholder), all stakeholders are not equal and different stakeholders are entitled to different considerations. It is extremely important to involve stakeholders in all phases of the project for two reasons: Firstly, experience shows that their involvement in the project significantly increases your chances of success by building in a self correcting feedback loop; secondly, involving them in project builds confidence and will greatly ease its acceptance in your target audience. 6.3 TYPES/ CATEGORIES OF STAKEHOLDERS Based on their role towards the project, stakeholders have been categorized into following; (i) Owners or Project proponent Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 124 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar This is related to the stakeholder who risks their own money in a venture. Whilst they will get a return on their investment, usually in the form of a dividend they have a vested interest in seeing the Organization being successful, to not only guarantee their dividend but also to ensure it grows. (ii) Government Agencies Some government departments which will be affected positive or negative or both by proposed road are required to give their inputs to make project successful. These government agencies are Revenue department, Forest department, Electricity department, Agriculture department, Panchayti-raj department, Education department etc. (iii) Communities This is very important stakeholder category i.e. PAFs/PAP who are being affected directly through land acquisition or their structures removal full or partial. Persons other than PAF/PA but residing in same location are also significant to provide their opinions/ suggestions in terms of project design. (iv) Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) The non-government organizations which are working in project affected area can be considered as stakeholder. 6.4 PROCESS OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION Public consultation is an important method of involving various stakeholders particularly, local community with reference to the proposed development initiatives. It provides a platform to participants to express their views, concerns and apprehensions that might affect them positively or negatively. Through participation and consultation, stakeholders influence development initiatives, and decision making process. The effectiveness of participation and consultation is directly related to the degree of involvement by the likely project affected persons and the local community and integration of outcome of consultations wherever feasible in the proposed development initiatives. Detailed planning is required to ensure that likely project affected persons, local community, interested groups, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations; local government, Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 125 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar line departments, etc are consulted regularly, frequently and purposefully during different stages of the project including project preparation. 6.5 LEVELS OF CONSULTATIONS The public consultations were carried out at three stages namely screening, feasibility and social impact assessment of the project. Public consultations at screening and feasibility levels were conducted at those locations which could likely have more impacts than other affected areas in the region. SIA consultations were carried out at village and district level. Types of consultations done with various participants using different tools including, interviews with government officials, individual consultations, key informant interviews, focus group discussion, stakeholder consultations, etc, are presented in Table 6.1. Table 6.1: Types of Consultations Level Type Key Participants Local level Individual People along the project corridor Consultation Sample Door to People along the project corridor including Individual Door Personal those that are impacted directly or indirectly Contact PAP, women, truckers, weaker sections, Settlement Focus Group Discussion agriculturist, school teachers Institutional Stake holder Discussion Line departments 6.6 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED Different techniques of consultation with stakeholders were used during project preparation, viz., in-depth interviews, public meetings, group discussions, Individual Consultations etc. to understand the socio-economic profile of the community and the affected families, structured questionnaires were used and information was collected from the individuals on one-to-one basis. The consultations have also been carried out with special emphasis on the vulnerable groups. The key informants during the project preparation phase included both individuals and groups namely:  Heads and members of households likely to be affected  Groups/clusters of PAPs Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 126 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar  Village Panchayat, Sarpanch and members  Local voluntary organizations and NGO  Government agencies and departments such as local revenue authority  Other project stakeholders with special focus on PAPs belonging to the vulnerable group. The various levels at which the consultation were held is shown in Figure 6.1 Figure 6.1 Types of Consultations 6.7 TYPES OF CONSULTATIONS 6.7.1 General Consultations The dissemination process and type of information shared with the stakeholders during consultations are described below: While undertaking inventory of road side utilities, structures and PAHs census survey the information disseminated focused on the proposed road improvements. Potential PAHs were consulted about the proposed road improvement program, resultant impacts, possible socio-cultural conflict (if any) and loss of CPRs and its relocation. People were requested to gather at common places including Panchayat Bhawan, temples, schools, etc. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 127 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar During these consultations pictorial methods were also used to explain proposed improvement and possible social impacts in the concerned villages. 6.7.2 Structured Consultations Consultations were conducted in structured format. For this purpose, date and venue of consultation were fixed in advance and in coordination with the PRI representatives at village level and officials from RD, PWD and NGOs. Such structured consultations helped in highlighting issues as raised by stakeholders with regard to the proposed road improvement. Various types of Public consultation have been carried out during the project preparation stage which includes individual consultations, public meeting, focus group discussion consultation with stake holder institution at the Project Level consultation with stake holders institutions at District Level 6.8 MAJOR FINDINGS FROM CONSULTATION Major findings related to key issues such as land acquisition, compensations for land and structures, alternative alignments, underpasses, general perception about the project, suggestions to mitigate hardships resulting from dislocation and loss of livelihood, resettlement options, perception about HIV/AIDS awareness, CPR requirement etc. However, consultation has been done at different locations at stages as required in the project stretch. Information collected during consultation has been shared with environmental and technical team. Suggestion obtained from people and their representatives have been analyzed on technical and economic merits. Final decisions of engineering design team on alternative alignments, location of pedestrian crossing, location of enhancement of community properties are conveyed to the people. Most of the PAPs suggestions were incorporated in the final design. Issues discussed during the District and Local Level Consultations are presented in Table 6.2 -6.4. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 128 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Table 6.2 Major Findings from consultation during the District and Local Level consultations Location Date Number of Issues Raised Response Given Participants Daniawan 3.02.2012 Local Residents, 1. Government may give our 1. From consultant side –Government may give land rate as per market value compensation as per world Bank R &R Policy and Panchayat 10.30 Am Villagers and public (Smt. Chinta Devi, Panchayat Bihar Government Policy Bhawan Mukhya) Representative of 2. Widening is Both the side of 2. NH-SDO Shri Sadhusaran ji replied as per roads the stretch (Devandra Singh) feasibility and condition Tehsil, Gram Pradhan 3. In the stretch rain water disposal and drainage system 3. JEN Replied – The consultant investigated all the may considered in design? (Babulu Singh) water drainage system and pipe, Culverts, Bridges Total Persons -160 4. NH –Boundary may marked as per design. before finalization of design (Prabhat Kumar- panchayat 4. JEN replied- At present land belongs to State PWD. Member Machriya) During land acquisition for NH, marking will be done by NH Division. Harnaut BDO 3..2012 Local Residents, 1. Tenant is entitled for 1. From consultant side –Government may give Villagers and public compensation. (Shri Sandeep compensation as per world Bank R &R Policy and office 2.30 Pm Representative of Kumar Sindhu) Bihar Government Policy Kisan 2. For tenant/titleholder 2. As per present market value and per world Bank R Tehsil, Gram Pradhan Compensation cost will &R Policy and Bihar Government Policy Bhawan Total Persons -180 finalize in which way? (Shri 3. JEN Replied – as Road geometry & and curves Meeting Hall Bhola Kumar block Pramukh) position in feasibility. 3. Road width both sides equal or differentiate? (Shri Jay Kumar 4. from consultant side LA assistant replied- with the ji) assistance of Patwari (Government land assessor) 4. Land acquisition may marked As per Land acquisition plan, acquired land will be by National Highway? marked (Villager ) Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 129 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Location Date Number of Issues Raised Response Given Participants Barh- 4.02.2012 Local Residents, 1. Whenever the stretch final 1. NH-SDO (Dhaula Kuan) Shri N.k. Verma replied- from the state PWD, who State PWD acquires the land then concerned Prakhand Villagers and public marked the boundary? If rDepartment will have the boundaries and fixed office Meeting marked by them where is that? boundary stones. PWD marking Stones are fixed by Representative of (Manorama Devi, Mukhya them but in rainy session because of flood the Hall Sahri ) marked stones lying dawn or gone through some Tehsil, Gram Pradhan 2. Whenever acquired the land where else by NH will acquired as per 2. NH-SDO Shri Sadhusaran ji replied-Not like that – Total Persons - 200 existing road center line of investigate about roads condition and curves both the side? (Vipul Kumar position, then looking for land acquisition. Mukhya- Beydhana) 3. from consultant side LA assistant replied- with the 3. Land acquired by the NH assistance of Patwari (Government land assessor) marked the boundary line –is it As per Land acquisition plan, acquire land will be like that? (Vipul Kumar marked Mukhya- Beydhana) 4. From consultant side-As per present market value and world Bank R &R Policy and Government 4. How much compensation will Policy be given in lieu of acquired land? (Shri S.N Chaturvedi Press reporter) Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 130 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Table 6.3: Consultations for Shifting of Cultural Properties Issues Raised: Relocation of temple S. Location Date Participant Suggestion from Participants Mitigation Measures No. s 1. Janardanpur 2.02.12 40 The local people with their local Participants have no objection to shift the temple Ch.2.500 -4.500 5.02.12 representatives had opined for shifting of in private land nearby the existing location. The the structure in a private land nearby the temple will constructed in the private land and existing location. the cost of construction and relocation will be 2. Macharriyaw 5.02.12 31 The local people have convinced in the borne The from the temple project. will be shifted backward from NH Ch.6.0-6.208 consultation to shift the temples for road -30A, clearing the requisite ROW. 6.02.12 widening reasons. 3. Horilbeghta 7.02.12 26 In, Horilbeghta, people had agreed to shift The temple will be shifted outside Ch.10.00-10.90 8.02.12 the temple backwards outside the RoW NH-30A RoW by 30ft 4. Lachchhachak 8.02.12 20 From consultant side Social team has The participants had agreed to shift the religious Ch56.040-7.010 consulted the Local people and they have properties backwards nearby area from the RoW been convinced to shift the religious of NH-30A on private land. properties to nearby area.. 5. Sonaru 2.02.12 28 The local people have no objection to shift The temple would be shifted just 15m from the Ch 1.500-2.502 the temple from its existing position. existing position outside the RoW of NH-30A 6. Nagar nousa 9.02.12 23 The Temple would be shifted by the The owner of the Temple has agreed to shift consent of the person who constructed the the same to his private land of about 20ft Ch 14.090-17.012 temple to the new location on his backward from its existing position. The private land at about 15 ft outside RoW temple will be shifted above the RoW of NH 30A Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 131 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report S. Location Date Participant Suggestion from Participants Mitigation Measures No. s 7. Belchhi 9.02.12 23 The temple is an old temple. The Temple will be shifted in the existing courtyard. participants opinioned for shifting the The construction cost will be given from the Ch 28.60-29.043 temple to a private land 20m away from project cost. the existing position on the NH-30A. The owner of the temple agreed to shift them away from the RoW. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 132 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table: 6.4 Issues Raised During District level Meeting and their Addressal in Project Design S.No. Date Issue Raised/Discussed Addressal in Project Design 1 8.02.12 a) DM Patna enquired when project a) The consultants replied that after road construction would start. Work DPR completion, contract would be should start immediately as road awarded condition is deteriorating. b) District Magistrate assured that one b) The consultants requested DM to official will be designated depute a representative for addressing issues related to land acquisition c) DM suggested for consideration of suitable project provisions in c) Bypass has been planned congested towns of Daniawan, Harnaut and Barh 2 8.02.12 a) DM welcomed project road widening a) Consultants replied that project road and assured all help. will be 2-Lane in open area and 2 b) DM suggested improvement of Lane with paved Shoulder in built-up Built- up Sections and sharp curves section. location in project section, as there b) Curve improvements are planned at are frequent accidents. deficient alignment location with speed restriction traffic signs. 3 8.02.12 Officials at Patna and Nalanda were Officials of Irrigation Department enquired about proposed improvement suggested submitting the GADs of plans of NH-30A as well as plan for proposed bridges and assured that after rehabilitation and reconstruction of review, the proposal will be approved Bridges on existing road sections. with proper recommendations. Consultation at Daniawan Consultation at Harnaut Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 133 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Consultation at Barh Consultation at Chandi Figure 6.2 Local Level Consultations and participation 6.9 DISTRICT LEVEL PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS District Level Public Consultations were organized at three major congested areas viz., Daniawan Panchayat Bhawan meeting hall, Harnaut Kissan Bhawan meeting hall, Barh BDO office meeting hall on 3 Feb 2012 at 10.30 AM, 3 Feb 2012 at 2.30 PM, and 4 Feb 2012 at 11 AM. In these consultations apart from the PAPs, Representative of Block development Officer, Circle Officers, officials of revenue department and project authorities etc were present. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 134 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Source: District level Public Consultation Conducted by CEG Figure 6.3 District level Public Consultation in Daniawan in Patna District On 3-2-2012 Source: District level Public Consultation Conducted by CEG Figure 6.4 District level Public Consultation in Harnaut in Nalanda District On 3.2.2012 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 135 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Source: District level Public Consultation Conducted by CEG Figure 6.5 District Level Public Consultation at Barh On 04-02-2012 6.10 PUBLIC HEARING Public hearing Have been conducted on 05.04.13 at Harnaut (Nalanda district) and 06.04.13 Barh (Patna District) as per additional TOR and the guidelines and procedure of Notification 2006 and revised 2009 under Environmental Protection Act’ 1986. The detail proceedings of public hearings at project influence districts are given below. Public Hearing at Harnaut, Nalanda District Date & time: 05.04.13 at 03:00 PM Place: Harnaut Advertisement: In Hindustan and Times of India Papers on 02.03.13 . Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 136 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Hindustan Times of India Figure 6.6 News Paper Cuttings for Harnaut at Nalanda District. Minutes of Public Hearing at Harnaut Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India has decided to upgrade NH-30A, Fathua – Barh to two lanes with paved shoulder configuration. Public Hearing meeting for obtaining Environmental clearance in Patna district was conducted at Barh dated 5-4-2013. Advertisement regarding public hearing was published in Hindustan, The Times of India & Rastriya Sahara newspapers on dated 02-03-2013. Proceedings of Public Hearing are as under:- Public Hearing Meeting was conducted under the guidance of representative of District Magistrate Shri Ram Chandra Prasad, ADM, Nalanda on 5-4-2013 at 3.00 PM. Shri Nand Kumar (Assistant Environmental Engineer) Bihar State Pollution Control Board welcomed and informed people about the importance and significance of the proposed road project. He requested people to enquire about Environmental suggestions / problems for the above mentioned project. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 137 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Referring the presentation he added that existing road length is 69.7 km, which will be extended to 71.66 km after its upgradation to paved shoulder configuration. Nalanda district includes road length 37.05 km with 128 culverts, 13 Minor Bridges, 8 Bus Bays and 1 Bypass (Harnaut Bypass 3.667 Km). Dr. Mahaveer Prasad Saini (Environmental Consultant) informed that IRC (Indian Road Congress) codes will be followed during the construction phase of the project. Soil removal from the demarcated area will be done in such a way that land remains usable after the construction works. He also informed that minimum cutting of trees is expected and compensatory afforestation will be done as per IRC SP-21:2009. Regular water sprinkling will be done to prevent dust particles during construction phase. Questions and suggestions regarding public hearing are given in below Table: 6.5. Table 6.5: Questions and Suggestions Regarding Public Hearing (Nalanda District) S. Name of the Person Question/Suggestion Reply No. 1 Shri Vijay Kumar Plantation near Earthen Dam at Shri Nand Kumar (Assistant Singha, Village Nalanda will get affected from Environmental Engineer) Bihar State Rampura Harnaut proposed road expansion, what Pollution Control Board replied that measures are taken in this regard? compensatory afforestation will be done as per stipulated Government guidelines. 2 Shri Suraj Prasad, The proposed bypass is not at much Shri S.N. Pandey, Assistant Engineer, NH Village distance from populated area and will Section, Harnaut replied that roads play an Parasmannapura become congested in next 10 to 15 important role in the development of an years. Therefore bypass should be area. Designed alignment will benefit constructed away from the populated large number of people. area. 3 Shri Parvej Alam, Informed that development of this BDO, Harnaut National Highway 30A is pre planned and is of prime importance, approximately 1805 trees will get affected during road construction works, which will be compensated by stipulated guidelines of compensatory afforestation. There is a large road network in Nalanda district, which is helpful for transportation of people, goods, and commodities from one place to another. 4 Shri Ravi Kumar, Suggested that compensatory Village Jalalpur afforestation shall be done in the ratio Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 138 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. Name of the Person Question/Suggestion Reply No. of 1:3. All the present dignitaries recommend the expansion and upgradation of two lane road for environmental clearance. Shri Nand Kumar (Assistant Environmental Engineer) Bihar State Pollution Control Board ended the meeting with thanks to the chair Shri Ram Chandra Prasad, ADM, Nalanda. (Shri Nand Kumar) (Shri Parvej Alam) Assistant Environmental Engineer BDO, Harnaut Bihar State Pollution Control Board Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 139 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Figure 6.7 Photographs of public hearing at Harnaut, Nalanda District Public Hearing at Barh, Patna District Date & time: 06.04.13 at 03:00 PM Place: Barh Advertisement: In Hindustan and Times of India News papers on 02.03.13 . Hindustan Times of India Figure 6.8 News Paper Cuttings for Harnaut Barh at Patna District Minutes of Public Hearing at Harnaut Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 140 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India has decided to upgrade NH-30A, Fathua – Barh to two lanes with paved shoulder configuration. Public Hearing meeting for obtaining Environmental clearance in Patna district was conducted at Barh dated 6-4-2013. Advertisement regarding public hearing was published in Hindustan, The Times of India & Rastriya Sahara newspapers on dated 02-03-2013. Proceedings of Public Hearing are as under:- Public Hearing Meeting was conducted under the guidance of representative of District Magistrate Shri Anil Kumar, ADM, Patna on 6-4-2013 at 3.00 PM. Shri Nand Kumar (Assistant Environmental Engineer) Bihar State Pollution Control Board welcomed and informed people about the importance and significance of the proposed road project. He requested people to enquire about Environmental suggestions / problems for the above mentioned project. Referring the presentation he added that existing road length is 69.7 km, which will be extended to 71.66 km after its upgradation to paved shoulder configuration. Patna district includes 34.61 km with 58 culverts, 12 Major Bridges, 14 Minor Bridges, 2 ROBs, 1 PUP, 10 Bus Bays and 2 Bypasses (Daniawan 2.24 Km & Barh 4.975 km) Dr. Mahendra Kumar Jain (Sr. Environmental Consultant) informed that IRC (Indian Road Congress) codes will be followed during the construction phase of the project. Soil removal from the demarcated area will be done in such a way that land remains usable after the construction works. He also informed that minimum cutting of trees is expected and compensatory afforestation will be done as per IRC SP-21:2009. Regular water sprinkling will be done to prevent dust particles during construction phase. Questions and suggestions regarding public hearing are given in below Table 6.6: Table 6.6: Questions and Suggestions regarding Public Hearing (Patna District) S. Name of the Question/Suggestion Reply No. Person 1 Shri Vipul Whether local people will get Shri Anil Kumar, ADM, Patna replied that Kumar, employment during construction priority will be given to local people during road Mukhia, works? construction works. Daniaganj What would be the route of proposed The road will traverse through Fathua, Daniwah, Road project? Navichak, Madhopur, Harnaut, Nadavan and linked with NH-31 at Gulab Bagh at Barh. What are the starting and end point Shri Sadhu Sharan, Assistant Engineer, NH of Barh Bypass? section, Harnaut replied that Barh bypass will Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 141 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar S. Name of the Question/Suggestion Reply No. Person start from village Bedna (Km 66.685) ends near NH-31 at Gulab Bagh (Km 71.660). What is the scenario of land Details regarding Land Acquisition will be acquisition at Barh Bypass. published 3A & 3D Notification, which will include Name of village and Khasra No. Finally it will be approved by CALA Plantation near Earthen Dam at Barh Shri Anil Kumar, ADM, Patna replied that will get affected from proposed road compensatory afforestation will be done as per expansion, what measures are taken stipulated Government guidelines. in this regard? If places of religious importance, schools and public utilities are affected during road construction works, then there is a provision for shifting of these places. (As per stipulated guidelines) Adequate Safety provisions will be taken near Hospital on proposed road. Regular water sprinkling will be done to prevent dust particles during construction phase. Sign Boards will be installed to prevent road accidents. 2 Shri Anil Suggested that to maintain Kumar, ADM, transparency in construction process, Patna. informatory boards shall be installed at District headquarters and village Panchayat explaining schedule of road construction works, public grievances, name, designation, mobile number and email of responsible persons of road construction company. (Shri Nand Kumar) (Shri Anil Kumar) Assistant Environmental Engineer Additional District Magistrate, Patna Bihar State Pollution Control Board Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 142 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Figure 6.9 Photographs of public hearing at Barh, Patna District Summary of SIA and RAP is attached as Annexure 6.1. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 143 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 144 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 145 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 146 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 147 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 148 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 149 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 150 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 151 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 152 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar CHAPTER 7 Environnemental Management Plan (EMP) 7.1 Environmental Management Plan The project specific Environment Management plan has been formulated with an aim to avoid, reduce, mitigate, or compensate for adverse environmental impacts/risks and propose enhancement measures. This includes (i) mitigation of potentially adverse impacts (ii) monitoring of impacts and mitigation measures during project implementation and operation (iii) institutional capacity building and training (iv) compliance to statutory requirements (v) integration of EMP with Project planning, design, construction and operation. The environmental management plan highlighting potential impacts, mitigation measures, legislative requirements, time frame and institutional responsibility are given in Table 7.3. 7.2 Other Mitigation Plans 7.2.1 Social Development Program Anticipated social risks and its mitigations will be addressed as based on the SIA. The correlated issues (other than specific social issues) have been dealt in the environmental assessment and mitigation plan and have been proposed in EMP accordingly. Since there is insignificant indigenous population in the project area, IPDP is not envisaged. 7.2.2 Resettlement Plan Similarly, resettlement plan is being prepared to address issues related to involuntary resettlement. The interlinked concern, which has direct bearing on environment, has also been captured in environmental assessment and mitigation plan. 7.2.3 Emergency Response Plan: Assessment of nature, type, and extent of project activities establishes that accidents on paved roads and consequent spillage can be the more frequent emergency. Other emergent situation includes breach in the embankment due to heavy flood, vehicular accidents, and spills. It is suggested to develop a communication and response system to minimize the response time. The project authorities shall be prepared to counteract against such emergency either by Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 153 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar developing in-house capabilities or by associating with any competent agency. 7.2.4 Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) The environmental monitoring programme is devised with the objectives to (i) evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures and the protection of the ambient environment as per prescribed standards (ii) suggest improvements in the management plans, if required (iii) verify the statutory compliance and community obligations and (iv) use it as tool to compare the monitored data against the baseline condition collected during the study period and assess the changes in environmental quality in the project area. This will be used as performance indicators for the project. This shall not only help in assessing the change due to the project activities, but also the potential impacts due to project activities. 7.2.5. Performance Indicators and monitoring schedule Physical, biological, and environmental management components identified as of particular significance have been suggested as indicators. A comprehensive monitoring plan for all performance indicators has been prepared for all stages of project and provided as Table 7.4. This includes parameters to be measured, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, detection limits, cost, and responsibility for implementation and supervision. 7.2.6. Reporting Mechanism for Environmental Monitoring Program 7.2.6.1. Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure quality and timely implementation of the works. It is essential to prepare the reporting system such that flow of information from field to the PIC- MoRTH head quarter and to the funding agency i.e. World Bank is at regular intervals. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management Plan are implemented in the project. 7.2.6.2 Before the civil works starts, the environmental engineer of supervision consultant shall devise format for reporting the status and progress of environmental monitoring. Format shall be designed keeping in mind the compliance conditions of environmental clearance and consent to establish also. The duly filled up reporting form shall be submitted by the contractor on monthly basis to supervision consultant except for setting up of temporary Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 154 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar facilities which shall be submitted once before start of the road construction works. The report on pollution monitoring for air, noise, soil, and water shall be submitted quarterly as envisaged in the monitoring plan. The accident report is desirable only in case of its occurrence. The supervision consultant after verifying its compliance will send his report to PIU-MoRTH with a copy to MoRTH and World Bank. The Manager (Technical) for Social and Environment will monitor the effectiveness of EMP implementation. 7.2.6.3 The quarterly reports of the management measures will form an integral part of Quarterly Progress Reports that may be submitted to the funding agency. Additional compliance reports to MoEF regional office and SPCB required, as a part of environmental clearance process and consent to establish shall also be prepared and submitted based on these monitoring and reporting formats. 7.2.7. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement Within the institutional framework proposed for the project, preparation, implementation, supervision and monitoring of environment functions, particularly the Environment Management Plans (EMP), will be carried out at the three levels - national center, state level and the project/community level with an inbuilt mechanism for coordinating activities at all levels. Specific functions will be delegated to the Environmental Experts assigned to the MORTH at the national center (Project Implementation Cell), the National Highways wings of the respective state Public Works Departments (Project Implementation Unit), Construction Supervision Consultants, and the civil works engineering contractors, some Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other local civil society bodies. The over-all proposed project implementation structure is depicted in the following diagram: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 155 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar NHIIP-1 EMP Implementation Arrangements and Responsibilities NHIIP-1 Proposed EMP Implementation Arrangements and Responsibilities at the National, State and Project Level Project Implementation Cell . Envtal Project Management Advice Coordinator/Nodal Consultant Cell (PMC) Officer Environmental Officer - ECO Project MORTH Regional Officer Information (RO) Decision Reporting Project Implementation Unit --State Public Reporting Works Dept (PWD) Reporting Environmental Officer/Forest Officer Decision Reporting Advice Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) – Environmental Expert reporting Integrated Performance Monitoring Contract Mgt & Auditor (IPA) Environmental Monitoring Consultant Contractor at state level – Safety and Environmental Officer Project Information National Level At the central level, the Project Implementation Cell within the MORTH will serve as a facilitator, overseeing overall responsibilities spanning policy development, fund disbursement, learning coordination and information sharing as well as monitoring and evaluation. Specifically towards managing environmental issues, the PIC will contract a Project Management Consultant (PMC) with a designated Environment Expert who will provide advisory services to the MoRTH’s (PIC) National Level Nodal Environmental Officer. The PMC Environment Officer will support PIC on critical issues and provide up to date guidance and recommendations for effectively managing environment related project activities at the state and project levels. The PMC EO will facilitate cross learning between state PIUs and civil contractors and enhance coordinated reporting on progress with implementation of the EMP. The PMC Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 156 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EO will liaise with the Social and engineering Experts on the PMC to ensure a comprehensive and coordinated approach to the EMPs. State Level For each state, a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will be created in the State (PWD) with a multidisciplinary staff expertise in environment and social safeguards, project management, monitoring and supervision, procurement and fiduciary issues. Institutional structures for the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) may differ relatively to reflect the unique requirements of the state. The Environment and/ Forest Officer (E/FO) designated to the PIU will over-see and co-ordinate various aspects related to the environment management as envisaged under each sub-project. The E/FO will provide specific guidance on policy and regulatory requirements specific to the state and local setting to the DPR consultants. The E/FO will also provide guidance on the process and steps for obtaining any requisite clearances. The Environment /Forest Officers will support in terms of building PIU team capacity for incorporating environmental concerns in design, implementation and operation of the sub-project. The E/FO will collaborate strongly with counterpart social and engineering specialist on the PIU as well as the Construction Supervision consultant and will report to the Project Management Consultant through the PIC. Where there are multiple sub- project roads within one state, separate sub- PIUs will be established within the State PWD to reduce overburdening with implementing multiple sub-projects. Together with the Social Expert on the PIU, the Environment/Forest Officer will:  ensure integration of the EIA and resulting EMP into the sub-project design and implementation plans (contract documents)  monitor implementation of the mitigation measures by the Contractors  assist the engineers at site by providing appropriate environmental advice, and developing/revising environmental mitigation measures for the sub-projects  assist the PIU to carry out participatory consultation during planning, design and implementation of sub-project Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 157 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar  document experiences associated with and lessons learned from environmental mitigation and prepare useful training materials for both internal and external capacity building  prepare regular periodic progress reports on the implementation of the EMP throughout project implementation Project Level Actual civil works and reconstruction of the project roads will be carried out by the Construction Consultants/Contractors under the direct supervision of Construction Supervision Consultants. The Environmental Expert on the Contractor team will ensure strict compliance with the environmental contractual clauses and will report on progress or challenges to the Construction Supervisory team. The roles and duties of various agencies responsible for Monitoring have been outlined in Table 7.1. The flow diagram depicting the institutional arrangement for implementation EMP and EMoP has been given as Figure 7.1. 7.2.8 Institutional Capacity Building 7.2.8.1. Training Awareness: To enhance the capacity of officials for effective implementation of proposed mitigation measures and monitoring the resultant effect, as well as create awareness amongst workers and public the trainings and awareness programmes is planned and is given as Table 7.2. The institutions/agencies like regional office of MOEF, SPCB/CPCB, Indian Institute of Technologies can be consulted for such trainings. Independent subject’s experts/consultants (E.g., for the environmental awareness program, impact assessment specialist will be the resource person) can also be the resource persons to impart trainings. These experts /agencies shall be appointed based on specific need for the training. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 158 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table 7.1 Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organizations NH wing, RCD, Bihar Contractor PIU Supervision Consultant  Obtain statutory • Obtain permits • Joint verification to be • Assist and advise the clearances required required during carried out by HQ PIU in matters relating during reconstruction construction stage PIU, SC Contractor to environment and stage overall project Env. Manager social matters. coordination and • Joint Verification • Overall Supervision of • Part of Joint management through Exercise including, implementation of Verification Exercise PIU supported by SC PMU CMU, SC for EMP to be carried out by  Interaction and review of EMP • Environmental HQ, PIU and Reporting to WB monitoring through Contractor for review  Effective • Interaction approved laboratory. of EMP for with implementation of • Consent for opening modification in ESDRC, PIU and SC EMP and Monitoring of borrow areas, enhancement Contractor’s Env. measures (if required) of EMP • Officer will be quarry areas, and primarily responsible labour camps and • Supervise supervising its implementation of  Compilation of data for implementation EMP by contractor EMP monitoring. relating to • Develop good implementation of • Filling of Reporting • Keeping records of all consents obtained by practices construction EMP. Format and contractor. guidelines to assist  Advising and submitting to SC contractor in suggesting corrective • Monitoring through • Compilation of data implementation of measures to adhere to Approved agency. relating to EMP time schedule for • Peparation of various implementation of EMP. • Conduct Consultations implementation of plans for effective programs with the EMP. implementation of • Filling of Summary Sheets and reporting stakeholders on  Carry out EMP as detailed out to HQ. regular basis to get verification/ in EMP and first hand information supervision exercises submitting it for • Approval of plans prepared by on the inconvenience for implementation approval to SC contractor caused to contractor’s of EMP with respect • Identification of activities such as to modification (if sites for labour • Addressing grievances required) for noise, debris disposal camps, hot mix plant, of local Community enhancement etc. batch mix plant, and information measures • Maintain debris disposal etc dissemination through NGOs/ CBOs. environmental reporting system Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 159 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Table 7.2 Training and Awareness Programmes Combined Training Budget for NH-30A (Fathua-Barh) S.N Target group Subject(s) Method Time Frame Basis for Costs Estimation and Estimated Cost Training Training Delivery Material Preparation 1 All staffs of Environmental Lectures Before Rs 0.5 Lac Reproduction of MoRTH Overview: cum beginning of the Training Material Rs Regional interaction implementation 15,000 (@ Rs. 150 Environmental of the Office Regulations, subproject. INR per set for 100 sets ) including PIU subproject 2.5 Lakhs Training Delivery: project staff related provisions Honorarium and involved in of various Acts/ travel cost of the implementation Guidelines, EIA faculty Rs 1.0 lakh notification, of the project process and (@ 100,000 per and Select methodology for programme for 1 NGOs. IEE, EMPs programme) Venue and other facility costs Rs 1.0 lakh with 25 participants in each) 2 Managers Implementation Workshops Before the Rs 0.5 Lakh -do- (Env) at PIU, of EMPs: Basic and Seminars construction Supervision features of an begins INR EMP, Planning, 2.5 Lakhs Consultant’s designing and Environmental execution of Specialists and environmental Select NGOs mitigation and enhancement measures, monitoring and evaluation of environmental conditions–during construction and operation Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 160 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Combined Training Budget for NH-30A (Fathua-Barh) 3 Environmental Environmentally Workshops Before the Rs 1.0 Lakh Rs. 1.00 Lakh officer, design Sound and Site construction team, Construction visits INR 2.0 Lakhs Supervision Practices: Consultant Clean Construction construction Contractor’ s technology, staff alternatives materials and techniques for construction, Waste Management and minimization in construction, pollution control devices and methods for construction sites and equipment, Environmental clauses in contract documents and their implications, protection of flora and fauna Environmental monitoring during construction 4 PIU and Monitoring Lectures, During initial 0.5 Lakh Reproduction of Supervision Environmental Workshop phases of training Material Rs Consultant, Performance and site construction 15,000 (@ Rs. 150 visits NGOs and during INR 2.0 Lakhs per set for 100 community Construction: Air, persons ) Training representatives Water, Soil and Delivery: Noise, tree Honorarium and survival travel cost of the Monitoring faculty Rs 1.0 lakh requirement and (@ 40,000 per techniques, programme for 2 Evaluation and programmes) Venue Review of results, and other facility Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 161 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Combined Training Budget for NH-30A (Fathua-Barh) Performance costs Rs 1.0 lakh ( @ Indicators and Rs 40000 per their applicability, programme with 25 possible participants) corrective actions, reporting requirements and mechanisms 5 -do- Long-term Workshops During Rs 0.5 Lakh -do - Environmental and seminars Implementation Issues In Project of the Management: Subproject INR Designing and 2.5 Lakhs implementing environmental surveys for ambient air, noise, biological and water quality surveys, data storage, retrieval and analysis, contract documents and environmental clauses, risk assessment and management, contingency planning 6 Public Awareness Workshops During Rs 1.0 Lakh Material reproduction /contractors programmes on construction includes costs 0.5 lakh ( Rs 50 workers Environmental and initial costs of for 1000 sets) Faculty Lumpsum: Rs 0.5 protection and phase 2.5 designing of lakh Delivery measures being Lakhs awareness Lumpsum 0.5 lakh implemented by booklets/ (two hours MoRTH and their material workshops) role in sustaining the measures taken including pollution, air pollution, safety, soil conservation and agricultural productivity enhancement. For noise Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 162 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Combined Training Budget for NH-30A (Fathua-Barh) 7 MoRTH Staff, Restoration of Lecture/ Before Rs 0.5 Lakh Reproduction of Supervision sites viz. Borrow Presentations Contractor training Material Rs Consultant, areas, Demobilization 10,000 (@ Rs. 200 per set for 50 persons Engineering construction INR 2.0 Lakhs ) Training Delivery: Staff of Camps, Crushing Honorarium and Contractor units, HMP etc. travel cost of the and Reporting faculty Rs 0.5 lakh Formats/ (@ 40,000 per procedure programme for 1 programme) Venue and other facility costs Rs 0.5 lakh ( @ Rs 50000 per programme with 25 participants) Total Rs 16.20 lakhs Training Costs 7.2.8.2 Management System: It is proposed to develop standard environmental guidelines for impact assessment, management plan, and monitoring. It is recommended to develop an Environmental Management and Reporting Systems following international standards like ISO 14001. 7.2.9 Grievance Redressal Mechanism The concern/grievances from local/affected people may come up related to inappropriate implementation of various components of EMP. These issues can be easily addressed through acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. To resolve grievance from public or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, it will be assessed if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days by the concerned PIU in consultation with field officer. In case the PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to the Social and Environmental Cell, at MoRTH and World Bank. The corrective action will be started as per the response or action plan indicated to the stakeholder. The outcome shall also form part of quarterly report to WB. 7.2.10 Conclusions and Recommendations  Environmental Assessment of the subproject ascertains that the project Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 163 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar is not likely to cause significant environmental impacts. Most of the impacts are localized and temporary in nature and can be mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts except due to land acquisition. The project received immense support from local people with some concern and apprehension related to compensation for land and structures.  The alignment does not pass through or located nearby any National Park, Wild life Sanctuary or any other ecologically sensitive or protected areas. No archaeological /protected monument is located in the project vicinity. The land use pattern around the alignment is predominantly agricultural.  The significant impact during construction is mainly associated with minor increase in dust borne air pollution, increased noise level, nuisance due to movement and operation of vehicles, establishment of temporary facilities, hindrance in accessibility to common property resources etc.  Environmental screening and assessment of likely impacts, the project has been categorized as Category ‘A’. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimizing the environmental impact to acceptable level. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage. However, the executing agency with co-ordination with other departments shall make all efforts to encounter the impact due to recurring flood in the region and keep vigil on any adverse impact on environment due to construction of the subproject highway.  Borrow area shall be rehabilitated as per EMP. IRC: 10-1961: guidelines shall be followed regarding identification; use and rehabilitation of borrow area.  The compensatory afforestation should be undertaken at 1:3 bases in close consultation with forest department. Roadside plantation should be done as per IRC specifications. Additional plantation should be done at river banks especially at major bridge locations, proposed river training sites.  Soil erosion along embankment slope, river banks, bridge sites and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 164 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar river training structures shall be checked through measures suggested in IEE. These measures coupled with silt fencing/brush barrier etc will also help to minimize siltation of water bodies though required at only few locations since most of the water bodies are seasonal in nature.  Corridor specific measures to curb emission include maintaining good road conditions, improved traffic regulations, and roadside plantation with pollutant absorbent species is recommended.  Key suggested measures to avoid increased noise level during construction are provision of temporary noise barriers and regulating construction timings near sensitive locations. Operation stage mitigation includes multilayered plantation and restricting honking near sensitive areas, maintaining good road conditions and congestion free traffic movement.  Sitting and management of temporary construction facilities i.e. Construction camp ,workers camp, hot mix plant, batching plant, dumping sites, stone crusher etc. shall be done in environmentally accepted manner as mentioned in IEE.  Dismantled material shall be reused to the extent possible. Leftover debris shall be disposed off in environmentally acceptable method and at designated sites.  Risk involved with accidents, community & occupational health safety should be mitigated as per measures provided in IEE. A proper traffic management plan shall be in place well before start of the construction.  Access to community structures/resources shall not get affected during any stage of the project. Environmental Management Plan Matrix given in Table 7.3. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 165 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Table 7.3: Environmental Management Plan Matrix Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE Pre-construction activities by Project Implementation Unit Bihar Public Works Department Total 33.25 ha land(Private land 31.65 ha, 1.603 Govt. National PIU P.1 and properties ) will be acquired in accordance with the Highway Land Acquisition PIU/PWD, Rehabilitation Action Plan and the entitlement framework Act 1956 and Revenue for the project. its Dept., The PIC has to ascertain that any environmental impacts Amendments PIC/MoRTH, NGOs, resulting from additional acquisition of land shall be ; SMF and Collaborating addressed and integrated into the EMP and other relevant RAP Agencies contract documents. document of NHIIP. The concerned community was consulted for resettlement; SMF and PIU/PWD, PIC/MoRTH, P.2 EMP the project affected households want to resettle on their RAP Revenue District Preparation of own in the same community. Hence no site is selected for document of Dept., Collectors Resettlement resettlement NHIIP. NGOs, Sites Collaborating All R & R activities will be undertaken in accordance with Agencies the RAP document. EMPs will include specific actions in relation to basic services, health, hygiene and plantation. Tree cutting is to proceed only after all the legal Forest Act, PIU/PWD PIC/MoRTH, requirements including attaining of in-principle and formal 1927, Forest Dept., Site Engineer P.3 Tree Cutting clearances from the Forest Dept. /MoEF are obtained by MoRTH /Tree Felling /Supervision PIU/PWD. In case of plantation outside forest areas, a joint 201.2; Contractor Consultant enumeration of the trees to be cut shall be conducted by the PIU/ PWD in association with Bihar Forest Department, Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 166 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work GoB. Subsequent approval orders shall be obtained from the concerned Divisional Forest Officers to fell the trees in compliance with the Forest Act, 1927 and Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. The tree felling operations will be carried out by Bihar Forest Department. No construction activity and tree felling can be taken up in any location of the protected forest under contract package (30.374 ha road side plantation), which has not been cleared by the MoEF, Govt. of India. In all 1805 trees have been identified for cutting after design finalization. Details can be referred in Annexure 1.4. This doesn’t include trees on private properties, which are proposed to be acquired for the project Activities pertaining to tree felling, logging, stacking of fire wood and passing of timber and removal are to be synchronized and removal of the converted materials shall be taken up by the responsible agencies as per tree cutting and removal rules as or as specified by the Competent Authority. Tree cutting should not be carried out simultaneously all along the corridor as this will adversely impact the traffic movement and road safety. It should be carried out on priority basis at locations of diversions, bridge and culvert construction, and such other places where the construction work is scheduled to be started early i.e. as identified in the Contract Package. All workers involved in the cutting and removal of trees Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 167 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work and demolition of structures shall wear safety helmets, gloves, and protective shoes and shall provided with a batch of first aid facility for attending to basic unforeseen and freak accidents. Emergency numbers and details of nearest hospitals shall be identified during work in each stretch of the road corridor and this information shall be with the Site Supervisor. On the spot records shall be maintained for all trees felled and logs, fire wood, stacks, obtained from such trees in the conversion register, which shall be available for verification by any competent supervising authority of the Forest Department, PIU/PWD and SC. No sooner the trees are felled, the same has to be kept under watch and ward by the felling agency and steps taken for its authentication by ‘passing’ carried out at stump site. P.4 Relocation of There are 16 hand pumps, 20 wells, 184 electric poles, 13 EIA/EMP PIU/PWD; PIC/ MoRTH, Community Telephone poles are 6 transformers are to be relocated and and RAP Concerned Site Engineer Utilities and restored before the commencement of the road document of Agencies/ /Supervision Common improvement activity. The fittings/pipes that can be re- NHIIP Departments; consultant Property utilized shall be salvaged and reused. While relocating Contractor Resources these utilities and facilities, all concerned agencies including PIU shall take necessary pre-cautions and provide for barricading/delineation of such sites to prevent accidents including accidental fall into bore holes, pits, drains both during demolition and construction/ relocation of such facilities. Standard safety practices shall be adopted for all such works. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 168 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work Relocation sites for all CPRs shall be selected in consultation with concerned communities, local administrative authorities/departments and the gram sabha. Environmental considerations with suitable/required actions including health and hygiene aspects will be kept in mind while relocating all community utilities and resources. The PIU/PWD will relocate these properties in consultation and written agreement with the agency/ owner/community prior to initiation of any type of construction work/activity in such stretches. Proper placement (as per codes) of passenger shelters/bus stops will be ensured to prevent distress to the commuters and passengers. The dismantled bore wells, wells and tap points shall be properly packed and sealed so that no external water or pollutants can enter such openings. Details of all such properties are provided in Annexure 6.1. Orientation of Training Plan Environment P.6 Implementing The PIU/MoRTH shall organize orientation sessions during Table 7.2 al Officer of Agencies all stages of the project. This shall include on-site training PIU, Environmental (general as well as specific to the context of this Environment Coordinator of subproject) as well. al PIC/MoRTH, These sessions shall involve concerned division-level staff Coordinator of the PIU/PWD involved in this sub-project, Staff of the of PIC/ Site Engineer/ Supervision Consultant and the MoRTH, Site implementing agencies. Refer details in Table 7.2. Engineer/ Supervision Consultant Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 169 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work Pre-construction activities by the Contractor/Environmental Officer of the Site Engineer/Supervision Consultant (SC) P.7 Field Verification and Modification of the Contract Documents Contractor; PIU/PWD The Environmental Officer of Supervision Consultant and Environment the Contractor will carry out joint field verification to al ascertain the possibility to saving trees, environmental and Officer of SC community resources wherever such representations or suggestions in writing have been received and forwarded by the project authority or by the site engineer in accordance with the local situations. In all such cases the interested organization/representatives, authority, expert (as required for a specific situation), Joint Field executing and supervising agencies together with the local P.7.1 Verification administrative set-up has to undertake a joint field verification for assessing the pros and cons of such demands/suggestions to assess the need for any changes in the design and implementation plan for the activities earlier approved by the project authority. The complaints/suggestions together with the observations and expert opinion of the joint verification team containing the need for additional protection measures or changes in design/scale/nature of protection measures including the efficacy of enhancement measures suggested in the EMP shall be summarized in a written document Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 170 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work containing all the details with date, time, place and signature of the individuals involved and this shall be sent to the Environmental Officer (EO) of PIU/PWD for approval. The PIU shall maintain proper documentation and justifications/reasons in all such cases where deviation from the original EMP is proposed. The Environmental Officer of SC will assess impacts and EMF, Contractor; Assessment of PIU/PWD revise/modify the EMP in consultation with the PIU/PWD EA/EMP Environment Impacts due to in accordance to the recommendation made by the field Document of al Changes/ P.7.2 survey party in the event of changes /revisions (including NHIIP Officer of SC Revisions/ addition or deletion) in the project’s scope of work. Additions in the Project Work MoRTH Environmental Crushers, hot-mix Hot mix plants and batching plants will be located at least Contractor 111.1; Officer of SC ; plants, and 500 m away (min. aerial distance clearance should be 500 Air Pollution PIU/PWD Batching Plants mts. with BSPCB norms) from settlements, wildlife movement areas and commercial establishments, preferably Control Location in the downwind direction. No plants can be set-up within Act; Noise 500m from the following locations: Rules; Fathua, Daniawan , Madhopur, Jaitipur, EMF & P.8 Daulathpur, Gosaimat, Harnaut, Gonawan, Belchi, EIA/EMP Saksohra, Ekdanga, Bedna and Barh document of The Contractor shall submit a detailed layout plan for all NHIIP such sites and seek prior approval of Environmental Officer of SC before entering into formal agreement with a land owner for setting-up such sites. Actions by SC and PIU/PWD against any non-compliance shall be borne by the Contractor at his own cost. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 171 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work Arrangements to minimize dust pollution through provision of windscreens, mist spray units, and dust encapsulation will have to be provided at all such sites. Specifications of crushers, hot mix plants and batching plants should have to comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislations and Consent / NOC for all such plants shall be submitted to the SC and PIU/PWD. No such installation by the Contractor shall be allowed till all the required legal clearances are obtained from the competent authority and the same is submitted to the PIU/PWD and the SC. All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured for Air Pollution Contractor; Environmental construction will conform to the relevant Bureau of India Control Act, Officer of SC Standard (BIS) norms. The discharge standards 1981; Noise EO of PIU/PWD promulgated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 Rules; Motor Other will be strictly adhered to. Vehicle Act, Construction Efficient and environment friendly equipment confirming 1988; EMF P.9 Vehicles, to the latest noise and effluent emission control measures & EIA/EMP Equipment and available in the market should be used in the project. document of Machinery NHIIP The Contractor shall maintain a record of PUC for all vehicles and machinery used during the contract period, which shall be produced to the PIU/PWD and the Supervision Consultant for verification whenever required. P.10 Identification and Selection of Material Sources 9 borrow pits have been identified in the entire length of IRC Contractor Supervision P.10.1 Borrow Areas project road. Finalizing borrows areas for borrowing earth Guidelines; Consultant; EO Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 172 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work and all logistic arrangements as well as compliance to Borrow Area of PIU/PWD environmental requirements, as applicable, will be the sole Management responsibility of the Contractor. Locations finalized by the Framework Contractor shall be reported to the Environmental Officer given in of SC and who will in turn report to PIU/PWD. Format for the EMF of reporting will be as per the Reporting Format for Borrow NHIIP Area and will include a reference map and proposed rehabilitation plan. The Environmental Officer of the SC will be required to inspect every borrow area location and evaluate such proposals in accordance to environmental requirements prior to issuing approval for use of such sites. No borrow areas shall be opened within 500m. From wildlife movement zones and forest areas. The borrow areas shall be at least 300m from schools and village access roads. The Contractor will not start borrowing earth from the selected borrow area until a formal agreement is signed between land owner and Contractor and a copy of this agreement is submitted to the Environmental Officer of the SC. The Supervision Consultant shall report these facts to the PIU/PWD with remarks in the prescribed format along with documentary proofs. Planning of haul roads for accessing borrow materials will be undertaken by the Contractor. The haul roads shall be routed to avoid agricultural areas as far as possible and will use the existing village roads wherever available. In case such agricultural land is disturbed, the Contractor will rehabilitate it as per Borrow Area Rehabilitation Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 173 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work Framework given in this EMP or as approved by the Environmental Officer of SC. Haul roads shall be maintained throughout the operation period of the borrow areas by undertaking the required maintenance and repair works, which may include strengthening, pot hole repairing and diversions. Improvements shall be done to reduce inconvenience to users of these roads, residents living along the haul roads and minimize air and water pollution. Such measures will include, but not limited to, frequent sprinkling of water, repairing of the road, road safety provisions (warning and informatory signage, flagmen etc.), and ensuring covering of loaded vehicles by waterproof tarpaulin and consultation with public and special precautions required near schools, health centers and settlement areas. All borrow areas whether in private, community or govt. land shall be restored either to the original condition or as per the approved rehabilitation plan immediately upon completion of the use of such a source. The Contractor shall plan and ensure rehabilitation work in such a manner that it is completed prior to the rainy season. Action against non-compliance in this regard shall be the sole responsibility of the Contractor and shall be made good at his own cost. Substantial completion or completion certificates for the civil work shall not be issued unless restoration and rehabilitation works are completed and the same has been approved by the SC and the PIU/PWD in writing. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 174 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work P.10.2 Quarry Shekhpura Quarry, Lead 65 km from km 38 (Harnaut) of MoRTH Supervision Contractor Project Corridor. Ghera Source near Gaya, Lead 115 km 111.3; Consultant; from Daniawan (km 8.800 of Project Corridor).Itawa Quarry Area PIU/PWD Source near Gaya, Lead 130 km from Daniawan (km 8.800 Management of Project Corridor) have been identified .The material Framework available from these quarries will be enough for the given in the construction works envisaged. EMF of NHIIP The Contractor will procure necessary legal permission for Contractor quarry opening and operation from Directorate of Mines, GoB; District Administration; BSPCB and will obtain written approval from the local Circle Officer. A copy of such approval along with the rehabilitation plan shall be submitted to the PIU/PWD and Environmental Officer of Supervision Consultant. Format on quarry/ crushers along with the required maps showing site details and haul road network shall be submitted to PIU/PWD through the Environmental Officer of SC prior to initiating and operation of quarry sites for the project. No quarries or crusher units for this contract package shall be established within 500m from the following locations: Fathua, Daniawan , Madhopur, Jaitipur, Daulathpur, Gosaimat, Harnaut, Gonawan, Belchi, Saksohra, Ekdanga, Bedna and Barh Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 175 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work Contractor will also work out haulage road network and report to Environmental Officer of Supervision Consultant who shall inspect and in turn report to PIU/PWD on the suitability of such haul roads for safety of residents, biodiversity and other environment point of views. All precautions for preventing accidents, spillage of materials and pollution, as mentioned in P.10.1 shall be adhered to by the Contractor. Sand (all river and Quality sand can be procured from riverbeds adjacent to the MoRTH Contractor Supervision P.10.3 stream beds used corridors i.e. River (at km 8/800, 26/000 and 38/000) free 111.3; Bihar Consultant; EMU directly or from silt and other impurities as per the locations indicated Minor of PMU /PWD indirectly for the above. This procurement shall be made only after Mineral project) declaration of sand quarry sites by the local Circle Officer Concession the concurrence of the concerned District Collector with Rules, 1972 due regard Bihar state prevalent mining Rules and regulation regarding protection of river basins by Irrigation department. In case of selection of new sites for sand quarrying, the Contractor shall obtain prior approval and concurrence from Competent District Authority and the Environment Officer of the SC keeping in view the objections and convenience of the local population, who may restrain such activities for their own security and safety. Where the supplier of sand is another party, the authentic copy of lease agreement that has been executed between the local circle officer and the supplier has to be submitted to SC and PIU/PWD Executive Engineer of the project Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 176 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work before any procurement is made from such a site. To avoid accidents and caving in of sand banks at quarry sites, sand shall be removed layer by layer. Digging deeper than the permissible limit has to be completely avoided by the Contractor. Such quarry should be barricaded 10 m away from the periphery on all sides except the entry point, so as to prevent accidental fall of domestic cattle, wildlife and human beings. The flood embankment on either side of the river shall not be used for movement of tippers and loaders, which are likely to damage and destroy such structures. Instead, alternative haul roads will be constructed, avoiding the embankment for safety and security of the vehicles, road users and the habitations along the banks of the river. To avoid disruption/disturbance to other water users, the State Norms Contractor will extract water from fixed locations and and Water consult the Environmental Officer of SC before finalizing Policy the locations. The Contractor will provide a list of locations and type of sources from where water for construction will Arrangement be used to the SC and the PIU/PWD. Environmental for Construction P.10.4 All efforts shall be made to ensure avoidance of Contractor Officer of SC ; Water competitive use of a single water source, which may be PIU/PWD depleted on account of the stress caused by drawing of water for road construction activity by the Contractor. The Contractor should use surface water depending on the availability and quality by developing its own water storage units in a river bed during sand quarrying or by developing Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 177 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work pond during borrowing earth from where water can be lifted using diesel or electric pump sets. Use of ground water facility shall be subject to the local legislation; ground water availability in the area and the granting of necessary permission by the Competent Authority as declared by the State Govt. The Contractor shall pay the royalty for use of such water as decided by the State Govt. under relevant norms. A copy of the permission obtained from the Competent Authority shall be submitted to Supervision Consultant and PIU/PWD prior to initiation of construction activity. Use of any other water source such as irrigation canals, ponds, water harvesting structures and river/stream, which is likely to strain and deplete availability for surrounding and downstream inhabitants will not be allowed. Contractor can use ponds, which are not in use by the community/wildlife or have been identified for filling-in for the proposed works, but in such a case, he will obtain a written consent from the owner and submit this to the SC. Labor The Contractor preferably will use unskilled labor drawn General Contractor Supervision P.11 Conditions of Requirements from local areas to provide maximum benefit to the local Consultant; community especially to the SC and ST population along the Contract PIU/PWD the corridor. Document Construction Construction camps will not be proposed within 500 m Framework Contractor Supervision P.12 Camp from the nearest settlement to avoid conflicts and stress on for Consultant; PIU Locations the local infrastructure facilities resources. Stock piling of Construction Selection, construction materials and go downs shall be at least 500m Camps; /PWD Design and from the nearest water source. These are to be located on General Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 178 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work Lay-out higher ground to avoid impact during floods due to Conditions of pollution or due to any accidental spillage of stored Contract /stockpiled materials. Document All location and lay-out plans of such sites will be submitted by the Contractor prior to their establishment and will be approved by the Environmental Officer of SC and PIU/PWD. Other conditions laid out in the Framework for Construction Camps (part of this EMP) shall apply. The waste disposal and sewage treatment shall be such that the environment is not polluted with the waste material and foul odour including the effluents and wastewater generated at the campsite. The designing and setting up of these structures should be as per the approved site plan. This should include soak pits, septic tanks and arrangements for carriage of extra sewage by sealed mechanized containers for disposal at designated sites, as available in the locality, with due written permission from the Competent Local Authority. In case of non-receipt of any such permission from the competent authority as stated above, the provision of wider safety tanks and storage facility for garbage has to be made at the camp site as additional measures. The Contractor will carry out negotiations with the land Contract Arrangements for owners for obtaining their consent for temporary use of Document Supervision P.13 Contractor Temporary Land their lands for haulage roads, approach roads, temporary Consultant; Requirement diversions; stockpiling of bulk construction materials; PIU/PWD establishment of camps, hot-mix plants, batching plants and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 179 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Planning Supervision& Issue and Monitoring Execution Work crusher units with proper agreement, detailing the terms and conditions agreed between both the parties. This needs to include conditions governing activities to be ensured during the construction stage and at the time of decommissioning of the project. The agreement must contain the details of the land involved with relevant records of ownership. A copy of such agreement/s (use and clean-up operations) shall have to be submitted to the Supervision Consultant and PIU/PWD. Training Plan PIU/PWD, The PIU/PWD shall organize orientation sessions during all Table 7.2 – Site Orientation of stages of the Project. This shall include on-site training Chapter 7 Engineer/Sup P.14 Implementing (general as well as specific to the context of this ervision PIU/PWD Agencies subproject) as well. These sessions shall involve staff of the Consultant Site Engineer/ Supervision Consultant and the contractor/s. Refer details in Table 7.2. Table 7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Construction Stage S. No. Environmental Management Measures Reference Responsibility Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 180 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Aspects/ Issue Execution / Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring Activities to be Carried Out by the Contractor C.1 Site Clearance C.1.1 Clearing and Site clearance including clearance of marked trees for MoRTH 201.2 Forest Dept./ Supervision Grubbing felling and removal has to be carried out much before Contractor Consultant ; the actual road construction takes place. PIU/RCD Structures and utilities (cabins, commercial properties, hoardings, overhead power transmission lines, cable Connections, telephone lines, bore wells, stand posts, wells, statues, temples etc.) should have been compensated/relocated as per RAP and EMP provisions before tree felling work and clearing or grubbing activities are undertaken since such activities may damage structures (private and govt.) and essential facilities/utilities of public use. All works shall be carried out in a manner such that the damage or disruption to flora is minimum. Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works will be removed with prior approval from Environmental Officer of SC. Any tree up to 30 cm girth at breast height shall be uprooted mechanically with ball of earth intact for relocation and transplantation at various degraded sites, embankment of water body, ponds, temples, market places, schools and along road corridors for preventing complete loss of such vegetative cover. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 181 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring The Contractor, under any circumstances will not cut or damage trees. Vegetation above 30 cm girth will be considered as trees and can be compensated, in the event of PIU/RCD’s written instruction to undertake tree cutting. C.1.2 Generation of Debris generated due to the dismantling of the existing Debris from road will be suitably reused in the proposed construction as Framework for Contractor Supervision dismantling follows: Waste Management Consultant; structures and road PIU/RCD  Eighty percent of the sub-grade excavated from the (EMF of surface existing road surface, excluding the scarified layer NHIIP); of bitumen, shall be reused in the civil works after Guidelines of improving the soil below the sub-grade through Bihar State addition of sand and suitable cementing material for qualitative up-gradation. The balance shall be Pollution used to raise the diversions and haulage roads to Control Board. desired level, raise the embankments of drainage systems those are to reconstructed on account of expansion of the road, repair of pot holes, filling up of ditches and depressions along the corridor to prevent water logging, raising the earthen mounds at each 5th km nearer to habitations to serve as flood shelters as well as recreations areas through plantations of medicinal and religious trees and development of utility centers on abandoned roads to make it more pliable and wide.  The dismantled scraps of bitumen will be utilized for the paving of cross roads, access roads and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 182 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring paving works in construction sites and campus, temporary traffic diversions, haulage routes, parking areas along the corridor or in any other manner approved by the Environmental Officer of SC.  At locations identified for disposal of residual bituminous wastes, the disposal will be carried out over a 60 mm thick layer of rammed clay so as to eliminate the possibility of leaching of wastes into the ground water.  The Contractor will suitably dispose of unutilized non-toxic debris either through filling up of borrows areas located in wasteland or at pre- designated disposal sites, subject to the approval of the Environmental Officer of SC.  Debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities along the rivers and streams drainage channels shall be carefully disposed in such a manner that it does not flow into the surface water bodies or form puddles in the area. The pre-designated disposal locations will be a part of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be prepared by Contractor in consultation and with approval of Environmental Officer of SC and approval local competent authority. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 183 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring All arrangements for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance, dismantling and clearing debris, considered incidental to the work, will be planned and implemented by the Contractor as approved and directed by the Environmental Officer of SC and PIU/RCD. All disposal sites shall be identified by the Contractor and a rehabilitation plan (including details about pollution prevention and safety measures) for each such site shall be submitted in the approved format. These shall be verified and approved by the Environment Officer of SC in consultation with the Local Competent Authority after joint site visits, prior to disposal of any debris or waste materials. The Contractor shall then enter into an agreement with the concerned land owner/s and a copy of this document shall be submitted to PIU/RCD through Environment Officer of SC. C.1.3 Other Construction Contractor will ensure that any spoils/materials unsuitable Framework for Contractor Supervision Wastes Disposal for embankment fill shall not be disposed off near any Waste Consultant ; including Fly Ash water course; water body; agricultural land; natural habitats Management PIU/RCD like grass lands, wet lands, flood plains, forests etc.; (EMF of NHIIP); pastures; eroded slopes; and in ditches, which may pollute Guidelines of Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 184 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring the surrounding including water sources. Bihar State Pollution Such spoils from excavation can be used to reclaim borrow Control Board. pits and filling-up of depressions which are not connected to any water source in the locality nor under use by the local people. Surplus fly ash, bottom ash and lime, if any transported for use on this corridor shall not be left open and dumped at any disposal site. Contractor shall take care of such residual materials for use at any other location/s of new embankment construction work with proper protection measures. The re-use and disposal of debris from diversions shall be the responsibility of the Contractor, which includes rehabilitation and restoration of such sites. These quantities also need to be reflected in the Solid Waste Disposal Plan. Non-bituminous wastes other than fly ash may be dumped in borrow pits (preferably located in barren lands) where such borrow pits are not suitable to develop as an economic source like pisci-culture or a source of irrigation. Such borrow pits can be filled up with non-bitumen wastes and then covered with a minimum 30cm layer of the soil, where plantation of trees and shrubs will be taken-up by the Contractor as a part of site rehabilitation. The species Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 185 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring suitable for such re-habitation work shall be at least one- year-old saplings of Lagerstroemia floriginea ,Alstonea scholaris, Zyziphus sps., Aegle marmelos, Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, ,Cassia fistula, Cassia siamea, Butea monosperma, Bauhinia variegata, Lagerstroemia thorli, Syzigium cumini, Terminalia arjuna, Tecoma argentia , etc. No disposal site shall be created as part of the project, without prior approval of the Environmental Officer of SC, PIU/RCD and Local Competent Authority. SC will keep strict vigil on this aspect and ensure that work is not permitted without appropriate Solid Waste Disposal Plan in place. The Contractor at his own cost shall resolve any claim, arising out of waste disposal or any non-compliance that may arise on account of lack of action on his part. C.1.4 Stripping, stacking The top soil from all sites including road side widening and MoRTH: Contractor Supervision and preservation of working area, cutting areas, quarry sites, borrows areas, 301.3.2; Consultant; top soil construction camps, haul roads in agricultural fields (if MoRTH: PIU/RCD any) and areas to be permanently covered shall be stripped 301.7; MoRTH: to a specified depth of 150mm and stored in stockpiles for 301.3.3; reuse. MoRTH: A portion of the temporarily acquired area and/or RoW 305.3; Framework for edges will be earmarked for storing top soil. The locations Borrow Areas for stacking will be pre-identified in consultation and with Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 186 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring approval of Environmental Officer of SC. The following in precautionary measures will be taken by the Contractor to EMF document preserve the stockpiles till they are re-used: of NHIIP (a) Stockpile will be such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and height is restricted to 2 m. (b) To retain soil and to allow percolation of water, the edges of the pile will be protected by silt fencing. (c) Multiple handling kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction occurs. (d) Such stockpiles shall be covered with empty gunny bags or will be planted with grasses to prevent loss during rains. Such stockpiled topsoil will be utilized for –  Covering reclamation sites or other disturbed areas including borrow areas (not those in barren areas)  Top dressing of road embankment and fill slopes  Filling up of tree pits and  In the agricultural fields of farmers, acquired temporarily that need to be restored. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 187 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring Residual topsoil, if there is any, will be utilized for the plantation works along the road corridor. The utilization as far as possible shall be in the same area/close to the same area from where the top soil was removed. The stripping, preservation and reuse shall be carefully inspected, closely supervised and properly recorded by the SC. C.1.5 Accessibility The Contractor will provide safe and convenient passage MoRTH Contractor Supervision for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from specifications Consultant ; roadsides and property accesses connecting the project road and IRC PIU/RCD by providing temporary connecting road, as necessary. guidelines Construction activities that shall affect the use of side roads and existing accesses to individual properties, whether public or private, shall not be undertaken without providing adequate provision approved by the SC. The Contractor will take care that the cross roads are constructed in such a sequence that construction work over the adjacent cross roads are taken up in a manner that traffic movement in any given area does not get affected. C.1.6 Planning for Traffic Detailed traffic control plans will be prepared and Contractor Supervision Diversions and submitted to the Resident Engineer of SC for approval, MoRTH: 112; Consultant; Detours minimum seven days prior to commencement of works on PIU/RCD Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 188 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring any section of road. IRC SP:55 The traffic control plans shall contain details of temporary diversions, traffic safety arrangements including night time safety measures, details of traffic arrangement after cessation of work each day, safety measures undertaken for transport of hazardous materials and arrangement of flagmen etc. to regulate traffic congestion. The Contractor will provide specific measures for safety of pedestrians and workers as a part of traffic control plans. Temporary diversions will be constructed with the approval of the Resident Engineer and Environmental Officer of Supervision Consultant. The temporary traffic detours will be kept free of dust by sprinkling of water three times a day or as required under specific conditions and directed by the SC (depending on weather conditions, construction in the settlement areas and volume of traffic). The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. The Contractor will also inform local community of changes in traffic routes and pedestrian access arrangements with assistance from SC and PIU/RCD. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 189 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring C.2 Construction Material C.2.1 Earth from Borrow No borrow area will be opened without permission of the MoRTH: Contractor Supervision Areas for Environmental Officer of Supervision Consultant. The 305.2; Consult ant; Construction location, shape and size of the designated borrow areas will Framework for PIU/RCD be as approved by the Environmental officer of Burrow Area Supervision Consultant and in accordance to the IRC Management in recommended practice for borrow pits for road EMF document embankments (IRC 10: 1961). of NHIIP. The borrowing operations will be carried out as specified in the guidelines for setting and operation of borrow areas. The unpaved surfaces used for the haulage of burrow materials, if passing through the settlement areas or habitations; will be maintained dust free by the Contractor. Sprinkling of water will be carried out thrice a day to control dust along such roads during their period of use. During dry seasons (winter and summer) frequency of water sprinkling will have to be increased according to the site and climatic conditions in the settlement areas and Environmental Officer of SC will decide the numbers of sprinkling depending on the local requirements. Contractor will rehabilitate the burrow areas as soon as burrowing is over from a particular burrow area in Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 190 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring accordance with the Framework for Burrow Area Management or as suggested by Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant. C.2.2 Quarry Operations The Contractor shall obtain materials for quarries only after MoRTH:111.3 Contractor Supervis ion the approval of Department of Mines, Govt. of Bihar and Consult ant; the District Administration. A copy of this consent must be PIU/RC D submitted to PIU/RCD through Environment Expert of SC. The Contractor will develop a Comprehensive Quarry Redevelopment Plan, as per the Mining Rules of the State and submit a copy to PIU/RCD and SC prior to opening of the quarry site. The quarry operations will be undertaken within the rules and regulations in vogue. C.2.3 Transporting Contractor shall maintain properly (as directed by SC) all Construction roads (existing or constructed for the project), which are Materials and Haul used for transporting construction materials, equipment and Supervis ion Road Management machineries. MoRTH Contractor Consult ant; specifications All vehicles delivering goods to the site shall be covered to PIU/RCD avoid spillage of materials and air pollution. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to ensure that Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 191 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring highways and other roads used for transportation of construction materials are clear from any dust, sand, soil, aggregates etc., fallen from the transporting vehicles used for the project. Contractor will arrange for regular water sprinkling for dust suppression of all such roads and surfaces, as directed by Environmental Officer of SC. The unloading of all materials at construction sites will be limited to day time only to avoid accidents. Screens of hessian cloth, agro-net and such other barricading material like geo-synthetic fabrics are to be erected along all dumping and stockpiling sites, so that generation of the dust in the vicinity of such locations can be minimized to a great extent. C.2.4 Construction Water Contractor will arrange adequate supply and storage of water for the whole construction period at his own cost. State Water Supervis ion The Contractor will take all precaution to minimize the Policy; Water Act and Contractor Consult ant; wastage of water in the construction process and related Rules PIU/RCD operations. C.3 Construction Work C.3.1 Disruption to Other While working across or close to any perennial water MoRTH:304.3 Contractor Supervision Users of water bodies, Contractor will not obstruct/ prevent the flow of .2; Water Consult ant; water. Construction over and close to the non-perennial Rules and PIU/RCD streams shall be undertaken in dry season and if such Policy of the Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 192 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring activity is likely to disrupt, constrain or impact the State community use of the water body, adequate prior information (at least two weeks in advance) will be provided to such community. Such water body may be ponds, water harvesting structures (WHS), feeder channels to pond, irrigation sources etc. If the supply of water or access to a source is being completely cut off, then the Contractor shall make necessary arrangements to provide water in the interim period. Water quality test shall be done prior to providing / supplying the water. Wherever excavation for diverting water flow will be required as per the engineering designs, the Contractor will ensure that such diversion channels have no stepper slopes than 1:2 (V to H). Proper slope protection measures have to be taken as approved by the Environmental Officer of SC and PIU/RCD. The Contractor will take prior approval of the River Authority or Irrigation Department and SC for any such activity. The PIU/RCD will ensure that Contractor has served the notice to the downstream users of water well in advance where such diversion of the flow is likely to affect the downstream population subject to the condition that under no circumstances the downstream flow shall be Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 193 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring stopped putting the wildlife, the aquatic fauna and the shore line settlement under distress. Minimum eco-flow shall be maintained even during the construction stage by ensuring downstream connection to the main channel. C.3.2 Drainage and Flood Contractor will ensure that no construction materials like MoRTH:305.3 Contractor Supervision Control earth, stone, ash or appendage disposed off so as not to .7; Consult ant; block the flow of water of any water course and cross MoRTH:306 PIU/RCD drainage channels. Where necessary adequate mechanical devices to bail out accumulated water from construction sites, camp sites, storage yard, excavation areas are to be pre-settled and arranged well in advance of the rainy season besides providing temporary cross drainage systems. The contractor will take all adequate precautions to ensure that construction materials and excavated materials are enclosed in such a manner that erosion or run-off of sediments is controlled. Silt fencing at km 2+252, km 2+900, km 3+475, km 3+960, km4+400, km 5+175, km 5+786, km 7+725, km ,10 +385, km 17+225, km 18+230, km 23+108, km 24+880, km 38+555, km 44+387, km 47+875, km48+375, km 51+757, km 52+898, km 57+455, km 59+745, km 190+000, km 61+080, km 62+110, km 63+470, km 64+505 shall be installed prior to the onset of Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 194 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring the monsoon at all the required locations, as directed by Environmental Officer of SC and PIU/RCD. The contractor will also ensure that no material blocks the natural flow of water in any water course or cross drainage channel. Prior to monsoon, the contractor will provide either permanent or temporary drains to prevent water accumulation in surrounding residential, commercial and agricultural areas. Additionally, all structure construction sites shall be cleared/cleaned-up. A pre-monsoon joint inspection (in May first week) by SC and/or PIU/RCD will be conducted to identify all such areas which need to be cleared and restored before the onset of rains. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 195 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring Siltation of Water Contractor will construct silt fencing at the base of the MoRTH: 306; Contractor Consultant; C.3.3 embankment construction near all water bodies (including Bodies and PIU/RCD Degradation of wells) and around the stockpiles at the construction sites. Water Quality Silt fencing at km 2+252, km 2+900, km 3+475, km 3+960, km4+400, km 5+175, km 5+786, km 7+725, km ,10 +385, km 17+225, km 18+230, km 23+108, km 24+880, km 38+555, km 44+387, km 47+875, km48+375, km 51+757, km 52+898, km 57+455, km 59+745, km 190+000, km 61+080, km 62+110, km 63+470, km 64+505 will be provided prior to the commencement of earthwork and continue till the stabilization of the embankment slopes is complete on the particular subsection of the road. The contractor will also put up sedimentation cum grease traps at the outer mouth of the drains located in truck lay byes and bus bays which are ultimately entering into any surface water bodies / water channels with a fall exceeding 1.5 m. Contractor will ensure that construction materials containing fine particles are stored in an enclosure such that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby water bodies. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 196 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring C.3.4 Slope Protection  The contractor will construct slope protection MoRTH: Contractor Supervision and Control of works as per design, or as directed by the 305.2.2.2; Consult ant; Soil Erosion Environmental Officer of SC to control soil erosion MoRTH: PIU/RCD and sedimentation through use of dykes, 306.2; sedimentation chambers, basins, fiber mats, Framework for mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices as Soil Erosion required under specific local conditions. and  All temporary sedimentation, pollution control Sedimentation works and maintenance thereof will be deemed as Control in EMF incidental to the earth work or other items of work document of and as such no separate payment will be made for NHIIP them. contractor will ensure the following:  After construction of road embankment, the side slopes of all cut and fill areas will be graded and covered with stone pitching, grass and shrub as per design specifications.  Turfing works will be taken up as soon as possible provided the season is favorable for the establishment of grass sods.  Other measures of slope stabilization will include mulching netting and seeding of batters and drains immediately on completion of earthworks with sowing of seeds of grass, shrub and bushes 30cm interval from line to line across the slope and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 197 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring sprinkling of water on such slopes after completion of the earth work.  Regular watering shall be provided at such locations as required. In all these cases, seeds of Munj (Saccharum munja) ,Beshram (Ipomoea carnea), Kans (Saccharum spontanium), Banachakunda (Cassia tora), Banakolthi (Tephorosia. sp), Bala (Sida cordata and Sida rhombifolia), Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides), Pamarosa grass, Jatropha gossypifolia etc. will be used.  In burrow pits, the depth shall be regulated so that the sides of the excavation should not be steeper than 1 vertical to 2 horizontal, from the edge of the final section of the bank.  Along sections abutting water bodies, stone pitching as per design specification will be provided to protect slopes. All such stone pitching should have a filter layer to prevent scouring and settlement of the pitched surface when the water label recedes.  Stabilization of the embankment with appropriate technique/s shall commence soon after the embankment formation.  Any existing drainage channel or body shall not be obstructed during filling operations.  The embankment slope shall be maintained as per Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 198 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring IRC specifications. C.4 Pollution C.4.1 Water Pollution C.4.1.1 Water Pollution The Contractor will take all precautionary measures to MoRTH: Contractor Supervis ion from Construction prevent the wastewater generated during construction from 111.4; Consultant; Wastes entering into streams, water bodies or the irrigation system MoRTH: PIU/RCD, by providing safe wastewater soak pits away from any 111.1; SPCB aquifers or water body. Water Act, 1974 The Contractor will avoid continuation of construction activity close to the streams or water bodies during monsoon. Stream courses and drains will be kept free from dumping of solid wastes, excavated earth, sludge and discharge of waste water from construction camps and sites. Liquid wastes arising from construction sites are to be impounded into collection pits. Construction materials containing fine particles like lime stone, lime, cement, fine aggregates etc. shall be stored in enclosures away from water bodies on high land to ensure that any run off from such locations does not drain into nearby water courses. No garbage, sludge, lubricants, fuel, sewerage or Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 199 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring contaminated waste water is to be released in the settlement areas, water bodies, forests and wildlife habitats or grazing areas. All waste arising from the project is to be disposed off in the manner that is acceptable to the State Pollution Control Board or as directed by Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant. The Environmental Expert of SC will specify in the progress reports on whether the all liquid wastes disposed off from the various sites meets the discharge standards as specified by the CPCB Govt. of India. If case of non- compliance actions taken by SC shall also be specified. This shall be done on the basis of pollution monitoring results received from the Contractor and that from the Independent Agency hired by PIU/RCD. C.4.1.2 Water Pollution The Contractor will ensure that location of parking lots; MoRTH: from Fuel, garage; fuel/lubricants storage sites; POL waste collection 111.4; Lubricants and sites; vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and MoRTH: Chemicals 111.1; Supervis ion refueling sites (other than those located inside construction Petroleum Act Consult ant; camps, for which the relevant clause is applicable); are Contractor and Rules; PIU/RCD, located on high ground at least 500 m from rivers, streams, MoEF/CPCB SPCB canals, ponds, wildlife movement areas, forests and ground Notifications; water sources. Framework for If such areas are located on agricultural land, top soil will Construction Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 200 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring be stripped, stockpiled and returned after cessation of such Camps use. Garage, service stations, refueling stations and equipment maintenance yards shall be so located at least 100mts. away from kitchen, mess and drinking water facilities within the camp site. The Contractor will ensure that all vehicle/machinery and equipments operation, maintenance and refueling will be carried out in such a fashion that any spillage (while working or accidental) of fuel and lubricants does not contaminate the land and water resources. There shall be lined drains and service ramps with oil and grease traps/oil interceptors (as per the design provided in Annexure 7.1) in such areas to prevent liquid wastes from entering into any aquifer, local water source, abandoned well, bore well, pond and other water bodies. Storage of drums (both filled and empty) and refueling shall be done on concrete platforms (impervious surface). Additionally, roofing (of any type) shall be provided to prevent contamination of land and water due to run-off from such sites during rains. Oil interceptors are also to be provided at vehicle parking areas. The contractor will arrange for collection, storage, reuse/disposal of spent oil, lubricants, grease, sludge, Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 201 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring slurry, bitumen, chemicals, paints etc. Covered bins/drums (marked specifically regarding the contents) shall be kept separately at maintenance and refueling areas. Disposal shall be at pre-identified sites (list to be submitted to SC and PIU/RCD) as approved by the Environmental Officer of SC. All spills and collected petroleum products will be disposed off in accordance with the prevailing MoEF and SPCB guidelines issued for such purpose. Environmental Officer of SC will certify that all arrangements comply with the guidelines of SPCB/ MoEF or any other relevant laws such as the Central Excise and Explosive Substances Act. C.4.2 Air Pollution C.4.2.1 Dust Pollution The contractor will take every precaution to reduce the MoRTH: Contractor level of dust (PM 2.5 and PM 10) from crushers, material 111.1; storage yards, haul roads and construction sites (includingMoRTH: 111.5; earthwork, dismantling, scarification and material mixing MoRTH: Supervision sites) by sprinkling of water, mist spray, encapsulation of111.9; Consult ant; dust source and erection of screen /barriers. MoRTH: PIU/RCD, 111.10; SPCB Hot mix plant and batch mix plant will be fitted with dust Guidelines extraction units and mist spray to keep down the dust emission levels. The suspended particulate matter value at a distance of 40m from a unit located in such a cluster Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 202 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring should be less than 500 µg/m3. Dust screening vegetation such as Dwarf bamboo, Justiacea, Vitex negundo, Lawsonia inermis will be planted around the crusher sites besides provision of dust screens. The contractor will provide necessary certificates to confirm that all crushers used in the project conform to relevant dust emission control legislation. Air pollution monitoring will be conducted as per the Pollution Monitoring Plan and results shall be used to strengthen/rectify problematic areas. If other existing crushers are used, such units need to have valid license from the SPCB. Copies of the required certificates and consents of the operator owner shall be procured by the Contractor and submitted to PIU/RCD through Environment Officer of SC prior to the procurement of material from such units. The Resident Engineer will ensure that the necessary documents have been submitted by the contractor before material procurement permission is issued by the Materials Engineer of SC. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 203 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring C.4.2.2 Motor Vehicles Contractor Supervision Contractor will ensure that all vehicles, equipment and Act Consultant; machinery used for construction are regularly maintained PIU/RCD, and confirm to the emission standards specified by the SPCB Emission from CPCB. Certification issued for such contrivances obtained Construction from designated/approved authority shall be submitted Vehicles, along with the specified reporting format. The contractor Equipment and will maintain a separate file and submit PUC certificates Machineries for all vehicles/equipment/machinery used for the project. Monitoring results will also be submitted to SC and PIU/RCD as per the Pollution Monitoring Plan in the specified format. C.4.3.1 Noise Pollution: The Contractor will ensure the following: Noise Rules, Contractor Supervision Noise from 2002  All plants and equipment used in construction Consultant; Vehicles, Plants (including those of sub-Contractors and/or PIU/RCD; and suppliers such as aggregate crushing plants) shall SPCB Affected Equipment strictly conform to the MoEF/CPCB noise Communities; standards and shall have latest noise suppression PRIs; mountings NGOs;  All vehicles and equipment used in construction Staff at will be fitted with exhaust silencers  Servicing of all construction vehicles and Schools and machinery will be done regularly and during Health routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of Centres exhaust silencers will be checked and if found Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 204 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring defective, these shall be replaced.  Limits for construction equipment used in the project such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB (A) (measured at one meter from the edge of equipment in the free field), as specified in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.  Maintenance of equipment, machinery and vehicles (including proper lubrication, tuning, checks for muffler effectiveness) shall be regular and up to the satisfaction of the Environmental Officer of SC to keep noise levels under control  Construction activity at sites within 100m habitations and hospitals shall not be carried out during night (10:00 pm to 06:00 am).  Construction activity at sites within 500m from wildlife movement zones, reserved and protected forest areas shall not be carried out between 06:00 pm to 06:00 am.  The Contractor will not take any construction activity around educational institutes within a distance of 100 m between the working hours of these sensitive receptors.  Monitoring shall be carried out at the construction sites as per the noise monitoring plan and results will be submitted to SC and PIU/RCD. Environmental Officer of SC will be required to regularly Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 205 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring inspect all above mentioned sites to ensure proper compliance of the said measures. C.5 Safety C.5.1 Personal Safety Contractor shall provide (including enforcement with o Measures for tolerance): Labour  Protective footwear and protective goggles to all workers employed on mixing asphalt materials, cement, mortars, concrete, welding sites, blasting, Factories Act, crusher and stockpiling locations etc. as per the 1948; Building Factory Act, 1948. and other  Welder's protective eye-shields to workers engaged in welding works. Construction  Earplugs to workers exposed to high noise levels Workers Supervision (above 65db) at quarries, crushers, compaction (Regulation of Contractor Consultant; sites, concrete mixing, batch mixing, drilling and Employment PIU/RCD hot mixing plants, fabricating and heavy machinery and operations. Conditions of  Hard hat or helmets to all workers, supervising Services) Act, staff and inspecting officials entering a 1996 construction site, plant area, quarry, loading and unloading site  Protective goggles and clothing to workers engaged in stone breaking activities.  Earplugs to workers exposed to noise in crushing, compaction, blasting, dismantling or concrete Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 206 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring mixing operations.  Adequate safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site.  Nettings and platforms below and on the sides of overhead construction and excavation work to prevent mishaps due to accidental fall of workmen and debris. The Contractor will comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress. The Contractor will make sure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 are adhered to. The Contractor will comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as per the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62 as far as those are applicable to this contract. The Contractor will not employ any person below the age of 18 years for any work and no woman of productive age will be engaged in the work of painting containing lead in any form. The Contractor will also ensure that no paint Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 207 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring containing lead or lead products is used except in the form of paste or readymade paint. Contractor will provide facemasks to the workers engaged in spray painting or manual painting when lead based compound is one of the constituents of such surface to be scrubbed, cleaned and painted. These masks shall also be provided to workers to minimize risks from inhaling toxic fumes and dust. ‘No smoking’ and other ‘high risk’ areas are to be provided with warning signage besides strict enforcement of PPE with zero tolerance limits. These arrangements need to be reflected in the Construction Safety Plan to be prepared by the Contractor during mobilization, which shall be approved by SC and PIU/RCD after proper scrutiny. C.5.2 Traffic Safety The Contractor will take all necessary measures for the MoRTH Contractor Resident safety of traffic during construction and provide, erect and specifications Engineer; maintain such barricades, including signage, markings, and IRC Bridge Engineers flags, lights, reflectors and flagmen as proposed in the guidelines PIU/RCD Traffic Control Plan/Drawings and as required by the Environmental Officer of SC for the information and protection of road users approaching or passing through the Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 208 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring section of any construction site of activity or diversion. The Contractor will ensure that all signs, barricades, pavement markings are provided as per the MoRTH/ IRC specifications. Before taking up construction on any section of the existing lanes of the highway, a Traffic Control Plan will be devised and implemented to the satisfaction of the Environmental Officer of SC and local administrative authorities including traffic police. C.5.3 Risk from All power transmission lines whether clawed or sufficiently Electrical covered are potential hazards at construction sites. The Equipment(s) Contractor will take all required precautions to prevent danger from electrical cables, wires and equipment and ensure that – Supervision  No material will be stacked or placed below/near power transmission lines, wires and equipment, - Contractor Consultant; which can be a potential danger to any road user, PIU/RCD workman or public.  All such electrical installations and wirings shall be barricaded in manner that ensures safety of the road users, wildlife and operating vehicles/equipment such as cranes, excavators, Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 209 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring loaders, fabricating units etc.  Necessary fencing, illumination and proper insulation of the electrical lines shall be ensured by the contractor for safety and security of the public, road users, workers and the wildlife.  The contractor shall ensure proper maintenance of electrical supply lines/points.  All such electrical operating units shall be switched off before operations are closed every day or night as the case may be.  All electrical equipment/cables/wires to be used in the construction shall have to conform to the relevant BIS specifications/codes  The contractor will ensure that such equipment/cables/wires are free from patent defect, and under good working conditions and maintained in good working order (as per the owner manual supplied by the manufacturer) through regular supervision, monitoring, maintenance and repair/ replacement from time to time. C.5.4 Risk Force The contractor will take all reasonable precautions to MoRTH Contractor Supervision Measure prevent danger of destruction to life and property of the specifications Consultant; public as well as the workers on account of flood, fire, and PIU/RCD explosion, accidents involving vehicles carrying hazardous IRC guidelines materials etc. in and around work sites, camps, maintenance units, borrow areas, quarries, haul roads and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 210 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring in any other place associated with the project activity. The contractor will make the required arrangements so that in case of any mishap all necessary steps can be taken for prompt on-the-spot first aid treatment. Arrangements shall be made for quick rescue operation including shifting of the injured to the nearest hospital Fire extinguishers/firefighting equipment and salvaging equipment for the recovery of hazardous chemicals on account of accidents or spillage are to be kept ready at camping sites or major construction sites to attend to such eventualities. Construction Safety Plan to be prepared by the contractor shall identify all necessary actions in the event of an emergency. The actions shall include description of stand-by arrangements, rescue of workers/people and salvage of hazardous chemicals/ materials in case of such eventualities. This plan shall be approved by the Supervision Consultant and the Environmental Officer of the PIU/RCD as per the standard practice adopted under labour welfare activities and Factories Act. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 211 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring C.5.5 First Aid The Contractor shall arrange for - Building and the other  A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances Construction as per the Factories Rules in every work zone with life Workers Supervision saving first aid kits. (Regulation of Contractor Consultant;  Availability of suitable transport at all times to take Employment injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital. and PIU/RCD  Equipment and trained nursing /paramedical staff at Conditions of construction camps. Service) Act,  Periodic health checks for workers 1996 C.6 Cultural Property C.6 Chance Found All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity, structures Supervision Archaeological and other remains or things of geological or archaeological Consultant; Property interest discovered on the site shall be the property of the PIU/RC D, Government and shall be dealt with as per provisions of State the relevant legislation. Archeological The contractor will take reasonable precautions to prevent Department Central and his workmen or any other persons from removing and Contractor State Laws damaging any such article or property. He will, immediately upon discovery thereof intimate the Environmental Officer of SC, local police and administration of such discovery and carry out the given instructions for dealing with the same. The SC will seek direction from the State Archaeological Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 212 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring Department before instructing the contractor to recommence the work in the site. Till such time, the site and the findings shall be under strict watch and ward of the contractor, SC and local administration to prevent any pilferage, alteration of the findings by the workmen or locals as the case may be. C.7 Labor Camp Management C.7.1 Accommodation Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Building and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and the other maintenance of labour camp. Construction Workers The location, layout and basic provision of facilities at each labour camp site will be submitted to SC. The construction Supervision or hiring of such facilities shall commence only after the Contractor Consult ant; (Regulation of written approval from the SC. PIU/RCD Employment The Contractor will maintain necessary living and accommodation and ancillary facilities (including provision Conditions of of clean fuel to prevent damage to forests and to prevent Service) Act, fuel wood cutting and burning by labour) in functional and 1996 hygienic manner. Any non-compliance or damage shall be made good by the contractor at his own cost. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 213 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring C.7.2 Potable Water The contractor will also provide availability of potable Building and Contractor Supervision water within the precincts of every workplace in a cool and Other Consultant; shaded area, which is easily accessible as per standards setConstruction PIU/RCD by the Building and other Construction Workers Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996. (Regulation of Employment The contractor will ensure the fulfillment of the following and Conditions conditions at all work places for the benefit of workers: of Service) Act, a) Supply of sufficient quantity of potable water (as per 1996 IS) in every workplace/labor camp site at suitable and easily accessible places shall be made. Such facilities shall be regularly maintained from health and hygiene point of view. b) All potable water storage facilities will be on a safely raised platform that is at least 1m above the surrounding ground level. c) In the camp sites, water purifier units shall be installed for providing potable water. d) As far as possible shallow well will not be used as potable source of water. However, if water is drawn from any existing well, irrespective of its location from any polluting sources, regular disinfection of the water source (which may include application of lime, bleaching powder and potassium permanganate Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 214 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring solution) has to be ensured at weekly/fort nightly interval. e) All open wells will be entirely covered and will be provided with a trap door to prevent accidental fall and contamination from dust, litter etc. A reliable pump will be fitted to each covered well. f) A drain shall be constructed around the well to prevent flow of contaminated water into the well from road, camp or other sources. g) The trap door will be kept locked and opened only for cleaning or inspection, which will be done at least once in a month. h) Water quality testing of all potable water sources will be done every month as per parameters prescribed in IS 10500:1991. Environmental Officer of SC will be required to inspect the labour camp once in a week to ensure compliance to these health and hygienic standards prescribed in the EMP. The camp-in-charge will be responsible for dayto-day monitoring. C.7.3 Sanitation and The contractor will ensure that - Building and Contractor Supervision Sewage System the other Consultant; Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 215 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring  The sewage system for the camp are designed, built Construction PIU/RCD and operated in such a fashion that no health Workers hazards occurs and no pollution to the air, ground (Regulation of water or adjacent water courses takes place. Employment  Separate toilets and bathrooms for women workers and conditions wherever required, screened from those of men, are of Service) Act, provided with markings in vernacular language. 1996  All such facilities must have adequate water supply with proper drainage and disposal facility.  All toilets in workplaces are with dry earth systems which are to be maintained, cleaned and disinfected daily using proper disinfectants. The location of such provisions should not affect the air, surface water and ground water of the locality or the agricultural field’s located near-by.  Portable toilets may be brought to use and the night soil from such units has to be disposed through designated septic tanks so as to prevent pollution of the surrounding areas.  In the main camp, no night soil or sewerage shall be disposed of at any place other than the septic tanks constructed at the site. All these facilities shall be inspected on a weekly basis to check the hygiene standards. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 216 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring C.7.4 Waste Disposal The Contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and Environment Contractor Supervision ensure that these are regularly emptied and disposed off in Protection Act, Consult ant; a hygienic manner as per the Comprehensive Solid Waste 1986 and Rules PIU/RC D, Management Plan approved by the Environmental Officer of SC. SPCB, Local No incineration or burning of wastes shall be carried out by Authorities the Contractor. The disposal of kitchen waste and other biodegradable matter shall be carried out in pits covered with a layer of earth within the camp site. The contractor may use the compost from such wastes as manure in the plantation sites. Discarded plastic bags, paper and paper products, bottles, packaging material, gunny bags, hessian, metal containers, strips and scraps of metal, PVC pipes, rubber and poly urethane foam, auto mobile spares, tubes, tires, belts, filters, waste oil, drums and other such materials shall be either reused or will be sold / given out for recycling. C.8 Contractor’s Demobilization and Decommissioning of Established Setup C.8.1 Clean-up Contractor will prepare site restoration plan, which will be Contractor; PIU/RCD Operations, submitted for approval to the Resident Engineer of SC. The Resident Restoration and Resident Engineer and the Environmental Officer of SC Engineer of Rehabilitation will be jointly responsible for approving and monitoring SC; these plans. Environment Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 217 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring The contractor needs to submit his plan at least 60 days Officer of SC prior to ‘substantial handing over of the site.’ All cleanup and restoration operations shall be completed by the Contractor prior to demobilization. The contractor will clear all temporary structures; dispose all garbage, night soils and POL waste as per the approved Comprehensive Waste Management Plan. All disposal pits or trenches will be filled in disinfected and effectively sealed off. Residual topsoil, if any will be distributed or spread evenly at plantation sites, on adjoining/near-by barren land or affected agricultural land adjacent to the RoW that has been impacted on account of accidental spillage. All construction zones including river-beds, drainage channels, culverts, road-side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers, batching plant sites and any other area used/affected by the project will be left clean and tidy, at the Contractor's expense, to the entire satisfaction of Environmental Officer of SC and PIU/RCD. The Resident Engineer shall ensure that all clean-up and restoration operations are completed satisfactorily and written approval is given to the contractor before the ‘works completion’ is issued/recommended. The PIU/RCD Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 218 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution / Aspects/ Issue Supervision/ Civil Work Monitoring shall ensure through site inspection that the Contractor and SC have complied with all these provisions. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 219 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Table 7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Operation Stage Responsibility Environmental Reference Sl. No. Management Measures Execution/ Supervision Aspect/Issue Document Civil Work /Monitoring OPERA TION STAGE Activities to be Carried out by the PIU O.1 Monitoring and The PIU/RCD will monitor the operational Evaluation of performance of the various mitigation/ enhancement Organization PIU/RCD; Operational measures carried out as a part of the project. & Workforce Concerned Performance of Development Departments/ Monitoring and performance indicators have been Environmental (OWD) Agencies indicated in Table 7.4. These include – Field Mitigation Measures provided in the  Tree preservation and plantation Divisions; Project PIU/RCD  Construction Camp Management  Top Soil Preservation  Borrow and Quarry Area Management  Traffic Safety and Management -  Pollution Control and Waste Management  Site enhancements etc. Also, the rehabilitation works at degraded sites along nalas, streams and gullies after soil and water conservation measures has to be inspected, recorded and damages timely repaired for effective functioning and maintenance of such efforts in the field. All observations and data shall be added /updated in Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 220 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Responsibility Environmental Reference Sl. No. Management Measures Execution/ Supervision Aspect/Issue Document Civil Work /Monitoring the Database/Information Management System developed for the project. This also covers other points given in this table. O.2 Maintenance of Drainage PIU/RCD will ensure that all drains (side drains and all cross drainages) are periodically cleared especially before monsoon season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid flooding without damaging the MoRTH OWD Field PIU/RCD spurs and check dams erected to stabilize the course specifications; Divisions and flow of all such drainage channels. IRC guidelines PIU/RCD will ensure that all the sediment/oil and grease traps set up at the truck and bus lay bye are cleared once in every three months. O.3 Pollution Monitoring The periodic monitoring of the ambient air quality, Pollution Pollution PIU/RCD noise level, water (both ground and surface water) Monitoring Plan Monitoring quality, soil pollution/contamination are to be (EMP) Agency; continued at pre-designated locations as identified in PIU/RCD the Pollution Monitoring Plan and if necessary, at additional locations for comparative study of pre and post operation data in order to ensure further improvement/modification in similar future works. PIU/RCD will appoint specific pollution monitoring agency for this purpose. Ambient air concentrations of various pollutants shall be monitored as envisaged in the pollution monitoring plan at pre designated locations to compare the levels Pollution Pollution O.3.1 Atmospheric Pollution PIU/RCD with the pre construction data. Monitoring Plan Monitoring Additional data at other location may be collected as Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 221 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Responsibility Environmental Reference Sl. No. Management Measures Execution/ Supervision Aspect/Issue Document Civil Work /Monitoring per any site specific requirement. (EMP) Agency; PIU/RCD Noise pollution will be monitored as per monitoring plan at sensitive locations where pre-construction noise data was collected. The survival rate and functioning of the noise control plantations and noise control walls has to be specifically supervised and monitored for further improvement/replication at other affected points if Pollution necessary. Pollution Monitoring O.3.2 Noise Pollution Signage indicating ‘no horn zones’ near sensitive Monitoring Plan PIU/RCD Agency; (EMP) locations shall be maintained and kept clean. PIU/RCD Monitoring the effectiveness of the pollution attenuation barriers will be taken up thrice in the operation period. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 222 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Responsibility Environmental Reference Sl. No. Management Measures Execution/ Supervision Aspect/Issue Document Civil Work /Monitoring Visual monitoring and inspection of soil erosion at borrow areas, quarries (if closed and rehabilitated), embankments and other places expected to be Frameworks on Soil Erosion and affected, will be carried out before monsoon, during Prevention of Soil RCD Field O.4. Monitoring of monsoon and after winter rains to record and monitor Erosion and Borrow Divisions; PIU/RCD Borrow Areas the effectiveness of such structures for five years after Area Management PIU/RCD the completion of project, so as to evaluate the (EMF of NHIIP) beneficial effects of each type of activity together with the cost involved. RCD shall take initiative and act as a facilitator in preparing an action plan to encourage balanced, congestion free, safe, hygienic, environment friendly activity on either side of the developed highway during and after completion of the project. This to RCD, Local avoid irregular, ugly, unhygienic and destructive Authorities, ribbon development, close to the road corridor which Revenue Legal Provisions adversely affects agricultural and water harvesting Department under Prevention Changes in Land Use capabilities and drainage system of the area. and Local RCD; O.5 and Control of Pattern Civic Govt. of Bihar The RCD may consider effective promulgation Ribbon through some legislation and guidelines controlling Bodies, Development Act such unbridled activity, which are self destructive and District distressful for the poor farmers and a drain on the Administrati on state’s economic resources. A state-wide anti-encroachment policy to ensure safety (of the residents and the road users), highway aesthetics and future possibilities for expansion of Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 223 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Responsibility Environmental Reference Sl. No. Management Measures Execution/ Supervision Aspect/Issue Document Civil Work /Monitoring highway facilities should be considered by RCD. This could include notification and legal recourse against local authorities, which supply power, water, sanitary connections and register commercial activities to encroachers, squatters and illegal settlers on the RCD land. This policy should also cover religious structures, mandaps and puja pandals etc. A land use-zoning map may be developed, under which up to a particular distance from the RoW of the alignment especially in new bypass stretches, no development will be allowed. Necessary hoardings along the corridor will be provided to warn encroachers against any such activity (including punitive action such as forfeiture of the structures and belongings without prior notice, legal action in the court of law barring any stay over such action by the state from any court of law). Budgetary provisions may be made to control the ribbon development along project road. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 224 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Responsibility Environmental Reference Sl. No. Management Measures Execution/ Supervision Aspect/Issue Document Civil Work /Monitoring Road Safety and No advertisement/hoardings shall be allowed within RCD RCD; O.6 Maintenance of the Right of Way limits of the project road. Divisions Govt. of Bihar Assets (and its Regular maintenance and cleaning of assets such as contractors, sign boards, bus stops, drains etc. shall be undertaken. if any), - District Administrati on/ Local Authorities, Local Police Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 225 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Table 7.6 : Monitoring Plan For The Performance Indicators Env. Project Parameters Method/ guidelines Location Frequency and Standards Implementation Supervision indicator stage duration Air Quality Construction PM10, PM2.5, High volume Hot mix plants, 24 hr Air quality Contractor PIU /SC SO2, NOX, sampler to stone crushers continuous, standard by through CO, HC be located 50 m and construction/ 45 sample at CPCB approved from the plant in earthwork sites 6 locations monitoring agency downwind and as for 2.5 year direction. Use suggested by SC method (Total 6 specified by Locations) CPCB for analysis Operation High volume Major Road 24 hr Air quality PIU through PIU-MoRTH sampler to be Intersections and continuous, standard by Approved located 50 m from Residential area 24 samples CPCB monitoring agency the selected (4 Locations) at 4 locations in the locations for downwind 1 year direction. Use method specified by CPCB for analysis Water Construction Ground water: Grab sample Groundwater at 2 times/year Water quality Contractor PIU /SC Quality (IS: 10500:1991) collected from Construction (Pre-monsoon standard by through Approved and Surface source and analyze Camps/site and & Post- CPCB monitoring agency water for Class as per Standard Surface water at monsoon) for 3 D and Class E Methods for 22sample at 5 years (Propagation of Examination of locations for 2.5 Fishes) as Water and years Prescribed by Wastewater Operation CPCB and for 12 sample at 3 2 times/year Pre- 2 times/year Water quality PIU through PIU/MoRTH vector borne locations for 1 year monsoon Water (Pre-monsoon standard by approved diseases quality monsoon & & Post- CPCB monitoring agency Post-monsoon) monsoon) for year for 1 years Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 226 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Env. Project Parameters Method/ guidelines Location Frequency and Standards Implementation Supervision indicator stage duration Siltation in Construction Visual Checks All rivers/ 1 Once during Guidelines Routine work Contractor PIU /SC Water for presence streams/ drainage rainy seasons from water of Bodies of construction channels and of the resources Engineering debris/waste other water construction department Team and blockade bodies along the period Operation of drainage stretch Once during PIU, with support PIU-MoRTH channels operation of 1st of Water Resource year Department Noise levels Construction Equivalent Free field at 1 m Construction 24 hr As per Contractor PIU/SC Noise levels from the sites, major road continuous, National through on dB (A) equipment whose 75 samples at 3*/year for 3 Ambient approved scale for day and noise levels are 10 locations years Noise monitoring agency night being determined. thrice a year Standard for 2.5 year Operation Equivalent Noise 30 samples at 10 3 times / specified in PIU through PIU, levels using an locations for 1 year year for 1 Environment approved MoRTH integrated noise year al Protection monitoring agency level meter kept at a Act, 1986 distance of 15 m amended from edge of 2002 Pavement Soil Quality Construction NPK (ICAR As specified by 30 samples at 3 Once during CPCB Contractor PIU/SC standard ) and the site engineer locations for 2.5 whole standard through heavy metals MoRTH year construction and NPK as approved for dredging / supervision stage per ICAR monitoring agency sites consultant standard Soil erosion Construction Visual check Through the After first Visual Contractor MoRTH for Soil Project Corridor rain Checks erosion and especially at siltation River banks, Once during Visual Engineering Team MoRTH Operation bridge locations operation of Checks of MoRTH and river training 1st year structures Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 227 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Env. Project Parameters Method/ guidelines Location Frequency and Standards Implementation Supervision indicator stage duration Drainage Construction Visual Checks Through the Once in a None Specific Contractor’s PIU/SC Congestion Project Corridor year before Engineering Team especially rainy season Operation Probable Once in a MoRTH Engineering Team drainage year before congestion areas rainy season as described in for 3 yrs IEE Borrow Construction Visual Identification of Borrow areas to Once in a IRC Contractor with PIU/SC Areas Checks borrow areas as be operated month guidelines approval from per IEE and Best PIU, Practices for MoRTH Borrow area operation Operation Rehabilitation as Closed Borrow Quarterly for Borrow Area MoRTH recommended in Areas 1 year rehabilitation IEE Plan Constructio Construction Storage Rapid audit as per Construction Quarterly IRC Contractor with PIU-MoRTH n Stage Area, reporting format Sites and Camp during guidelines approval from Sites and Construction construction and to the PIU, Labour Sites for period satisfaction of MoRTH Camp Hygiene, MoRTH drainage Medical Facilities Etc. Tree Construction Surveillance monitoring of trees Throughout the During site As suggested PIU/Local Forest Departments Plantation felling Project Section clearance in by Forest construction Dept phase Operation Audit for survival rate of trees Throughout the Once in a The Engineer will be responsible plantation Project Section year for 3 for monitoring up to the Defect years Liability Period in any particular stretch. After this period the PIU will be responsible for monitoring Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 228 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Env. Project Parameters Method/ guidelines Location Frequency and Standards Implementation Supervision indicator stage duration Aquatic Construction Disturbance to aquatic fauna due to water bodies Once in a None specific Independent PIU/Fishery Fauna increased siltation, impact on fish where fishery year Expert Department Including productivity , breeding and activity is Fisheries spawning reported and enhancement for small pond near Harnaut Operation water bodies End of First None Specific Independent PIU/Fishery where fishery year of Expert Department activity is reported operation Accident Construction Record of Throughout the Every year of - Part of Environment and PIU/SC Rate Accidents and section especially Construction Contract Safety officer of its causes, Construction Sites period Contractor different level of disabilities /fatalities Operation Record of Throughout the Throughout the -- Part of regular EA in MoRTH Accidents and its project Section Project life operation and coordination causes, cycle Maintenance with Police different level cost Department of disabilities/ fatalities. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 229 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Chapter 8 Environmental Budget Table 8.1: Environment Budget of NH 30A – Fathua –Harnaut-Barh in 8.0 Environmental Budget The budgetary provision for the implementation of environmental management plan has been prepared taking into account measures required to be taken up for; i. Mitigation measures required to subside design and construction related impact ii. Relocations of CPR’s and religious structures iii. Enhancement measures based on the feedback received during public consultation iv. Plantation requirements in lieu of trees being cut and removed along the road This chapter explains environmental budget proposed for environmental management including monitoring of project road. The detailed Environmental Management Plan budget is providing in Table 8.1. State of Bihar S.No Item Unit Unit Cost (Rs.) Quantity Total cost Remarks (Rs.) A. Forest Clearance Compensatory Afforestation with tree guard No. 350 5415 812250 Felling of trees LS /RS 100 1805 180500 Sub Total ‘A’ 992750 B. Mitigation 1 Oil Interceptors at Vehicle parking areas No. 50000 4 200000 2 Silt fencing at location at km 2+252, km 2+900, km 3+475, km 3+960, km4+400, km 5+175, km 5+786, Meter 1350 1300 1755000 km 7+725, km ,10 +385, km 17+225, km 18+230, km 23+108, km 24+880, km 38+555, km 44+387, km Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 230 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report 47+875, km48+375, km 51+757, km 52+898, km 57+455, km 59+745, km 190+000, km 61+080, km 62+110, km 63+470, km 64+505 2.1 Top soil storage (Around the periphery of dumping yard) Meter 1350 1843 2488050 2.2 Plant site (In down slope direction of fine material) meter 1350 75 101250 3 Dust Management (Twice a day) km 10000 72 720000 4 Protection Work for the water bodies a) Retaining walls Covered in civil cum 1960 1000 1960000 cost b) Soil erosion control blankets Covered in civil Supplying and laying of Natural Geotextile and cost maintaining till the vegetation sustains on its own as per Technical specification Clause: 707 sqm 315 199147 62731132 5 Slope/ Embankment protection measures a) Soil erosion control blankets Covered in civil Supplying and laying of Natural Geotextile and cost maintaining till the vegetation sustains on its own as per Technical specification Clause: 707 sqm 315 199147 62731132 b) Turfing Recommended species i.e. Sccharum sps, sqm 10 80000 800000 Ipomoea carnea (Beshram), Sida cordifolia (Khareti), Cassia tora (Chakunda), Malvastrum coromandelianum (Jungli Kapas), Vetiveria zizanoides (khus), etc. 6 Signage (permanent)-environment/ecological information sign boards Informatory Sign Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 231 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report a) Place identification (800 x 300) sqm 10569 6.48 68487.12 Direction Sign advance Direction /Destination signs (600 x 800) sqm 5876 9.84 57819.84 b) Route marker signs (600 x 450) No. 4129 69 284901 Object Hazard Marker Left & Right (300 x 900) 894 5 4470 Chervon Sign Post (665 x 880) No. 5876 8 47008 Bus stop (600 x 800) No. 5876 19 111644 Petrol Pump (600 x 800) No. 5876 7 41132 Hospital (600 x 800) No 5876 8 47008 Truck lay bye (600 x 800) No. 5876 4 23504 Railway Crossing (600 x 800) No. 5876 6 35256 Cautionary /Warning (900 triangle) No. 5876 160 940160 Regulatory/ Mandatory signs Give Way (900 triangle) No. 4794 4 19176 Stop sign (900 octagonal) No. 7472 105 784560 Restrictions End (600 dia) No. 4237 0 Overtaking prohibited (600 Dia) No. 4237 4 16948 Compulsary keep left (600 Dia) No. 4237 4 16948 Speed limit Sign (600 Dia) No. 4237 17 72029 Road Delinators No. 894 1310 1171140 Cluster of Red Reflectors Junctions No. 894 58 51852 Over heads signs sqm 8966 0 Cantilever sqm 8966 112 1004192 Road Studs/Raised pavement Marker No. 300 29800.8 8940240 7 Lane/centre line/edge line/ transverse marking sqm 810 15443 12508452 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 232 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report and any other markings (For MCW) Drainage works Covered in civil cost a) Earthwork in excavation of surface unlined Cum 37.15 215998 8024325.7 -do- b) Construction of 300 mm 0 construction of drainage chute in M20 Cum 4873.82 8635.46 42087677.66 construction of drainage chute in M15 Cum 4651.78 0 construction of Energy dissipation basin in M20 Cum 4873.82 563.46 2746202.617 construction of Energy dissipation basin in M15 Cum 4651.78 0 -do- c) Providing and PCC M15 grade for lined drains as -do- per drawing Cum 4651.78 2413 11224745.14 d) Providing RCC M 20 Cum 4873.82 4022 19602504.04 -do- e) Providing 100 mm RCC M 20 grade slab Cum 4873.82 0 -do- f) Hysd steel rainforcement as per drawing T 59556.38 241.29 14370358.93 -do- g) Providing stone pitching on slopes complete as -do- per drawing Cum 1756.51 47295.75 83075457.83 h) Filter material underneath stone pitching on slope Cum 1577.66 23647.88 37308314.36 i) Providing brick masonary drain Cum 4231.01 4826 20418854.26 j) Providing metallic crash barrier lm 2800 27882 78069600 k) Providing retaining wall as per details attached RCC Retaining wall/Toe wall Earthwork Cum 37.15 30733.06 1141733.179 PCC M15 Cum 4651.78 2657.61 12362617.05 RCC M20 Cum 4966.27 0 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 233 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report RCC M30 Cum 5859.65 8088.74 47397185.34 Filter material Cum 1486.94 14462 21504126.28 Weep Holes No. 90.72 4537 411596.64 HYSD Reinforcement T 59635.01 647.1 38589814.97 l) RCC 200 dia mm pipe at approachable underneath service road mtr 450 340 153000 m) Back fill Cum 1213.06 37601.93 45613397.21 n) laying 1200 MM reinforced cement concrete pipe mtr 4170 263 1096710 o) Tubular steel railing on medium weight channel mtr 1784 6240 11132160 p) Brick masonary toe walls Cum 3380 11142.75 37662495 8 Junctions improvements-Spur Roads Providing and laying 25 mm thick precast cement concrete chequered tiles of grade M-25 in ordinary grey cement without chips laid in cement mortar 1:3 over 50 mm thick cement concrete M-15 grade and (i) 150 mm thick granular sub-base including pointing sqm 0.00 0.00 0.00 of tiles in 1:3 (1 cement: 3 sand) cement mortar complete as per drawing directions of the Engineer and MoRTH Technical Specifications Clause 409. (For Junction Islands) Provision of bus bay Providing passenger shelters for busbays as per drawings and MoRTH Technical Specifications 9 sections 1500, 1700, 2100, 2200 and 2300 and as Nr 250000.00 18 4500000.00 directed by the Engineer complete with the Bus stop location name, route no. and social message display boards Providing water harvesting structure in accordance 10 Nr 0.00 0.00 0.00 with provision and standards given in MoRTH of Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 234 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report technical specifications with all Sub Total 685717915.2 Civil cost not ‘B’ included Sub Total 992750 ‘A’ Grand 686710665.2 Total Component Stage Item Unit Unit Cost (Rs.) Quantity Total Cost (INR) Monitoring along the road At 4 locations once in a season excluding monsoon for 3 years 6000 (36 Air samples) 216000 Monitoring at hot mix At 2 location once in a season No. of 1. Air Quality plant excluding monsoon for 3 years. Samples Construction 6000 (18 Samples) 108000 Monitoring along the road At 4 locations for 3 years and at locations where once in each season excluding Operation monitoring was done 6000 monsoon (total 36 samples 216000 Ground Water At 2 locations once in a season Quality(Along RoW) at excluding monsoon for 3 years labour camps 5000 (18 samples) 90000 Surface Water Quality At 2 locations once in a season (Punpun and Morhar excluding monsoon for 3 years Construction Rivers) 5000 (18 samples) 90000 2. Water Quality Operation Surface Water Quality (As 5000 At 2 locations once in a season 90000 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 235 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report per suggestion in excluding monsoon for 3 years monitoring plan) (18 samples) Ground Water Quality (As At 2 locations once in a season per recommendation in excluding monsoon for 3 years monitoring plan) 5000 (18 samples) 90000 At equipment yards/ Hot At 2 locations once in each mix plants / Construction season excluding the monsoon Camps 2000 season for 3 years (18 Samples) 36000 Monitoring along the road At 8 location once in each where base line is to be season excluding the monsoon construction established 2000 season for 3 years (72 Samples) 144000 Monitoring along the road at locations where At 8 locations Thrice in a year 3. Noise Quality Operation monitoring was done 2000 for 3 years (72 Samples) 144000 At 2 locations once in each season excluding monsoon for Construction Monitoring along the road 3000 3 years (18 samples) 54000 At 2 locations once in each season excluding monsoon for 4. Soil Quality Operation Monitoring along the road 3000 3 years (18 samples) 54000 All along the project corridor and replacement Once every year between and 5. Plantation Operation of died saplings. 250000 after monsoon for 3 years 750000 Total Monitoring Cost (Sub Total 'C') 2082000 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 236 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report Sl.No Item Unit Unit Cost Quantity Total cost (Rs.) (Rs.) D. Enhancement 1 Perforated pipe at Hand Pumps locations ( at 16 locations) meter 150 10000 1500000 2 Earthwork 2.1 Earthwork Cum 125 400 50,000 2.3 Pitching (4 steps) Sqm. 80 240 19200 2.4 Benches with shed No. 25000 4 100000 2.5 Arboriculture Sqm 10 1000 10000 2.6 tree guard No. 600 5415 3249000 2.7 Dust bin No. 1000 4 4000 2.8 Railing (restricted opening) along road side Meter 3000 75 225000 2.9 Barbed wire fencing all around except road side 300 300 90000 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 237 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of NH-30A in the State of Bihar EIA/EMP Report 3 Landscaping (Shrubs) Recommended species i.e. Bauhinia alba, B. acuminate, Bougainvellia, Cassia biflora, C. lavigata, Gardenia floria, Nerium oleander, Thevetia nerifolia, Tecoma stans etc.) 3.1 • Junctions locations No. 50 1500 75000 4 Green belt development with tree guards Sub Total ‘D’ 5322200 Grand Total (A+ C+D) 8396950 Say 84 lakh INR Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 238 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Chapter 9 References: 1 Environmental Impact Assessment Guidance Manual for Highways, MoEFs 2 EIA notification-2006, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 3 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 4 Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 5 Bihar Land Revenue Act, 1956 and its amendments 6 Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 7 The Ancient Monument and Archeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act 2010, Ministry of Law and Justice 8 Guidelines for the Measurement of Ambient Air Pollutants (Volume I), Central CPCB-May 2011 9 Water (Pollution and Control) Act 1974, MoEFs, GoI 10 Air (Pollution and Control) Act 1981, MoEFs, GoI 11 The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 12 The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary) Rules 2008, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 13 Tsunokawa, K. and Hoban, G. (1997). A handbook on Roads and Environment. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC.USA. 14 Respective IRC codes, Ministry of Road Transport and highways, GoI 1. http://www.moef.nic.in 2. http://www.cpcb.nic.in 3. http://www.indianetzone.com 4. http://www.gov.bih.nic.in Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 239 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar CHAPTER 10 Compliance of the Comments Received from PCC A presentation was made before EAC (Expert Appraisal Committee) in its 106th meeting held on 18 October 2011 at Fazal Chambers, SCOPE Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi. The Honorable Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India considered the terms of reference and finalized the additional TOR ( File No. 10-87/2011-IA-III ) . Final presentation for EC was made before EAC in its 124th Meeting held on 13th – 14th May, 2013 at New Delhi. The information displayed on web is given below : The project road (NH-30 A) starts at Fathua at km 0.00 and ends at Barh km 69.600 .The Total length of Project road is 69.600 km. The project road passes through plain terrain and It passes through 2 districts Patna and Nalanda and 81 villages. The Land use pattern along the road is mixed type that includes agricultural, vacant and interspersed built-up area. The existing RoW is 10.85 m to 37 m, except between 0.2 km to 0.6 km, where it is 60 to 70 m. The proposed RoW is 24 m to 70 m. There is no Wildlife Sanctuary/National park within 10 km radius. Total land proposed to be acquired is 33.253 Ha, which include Govt. Land 1.603 Ha, Private Land 31.65 Ha. The project road involves 3 Nos. bypasses -Daniawan Bypass 2.04 km, Harnaut Bypass 3.54 km and Barh Bypass 3.55 km. There are 12 existing major bridges carriageway width varying from 6.6 m to 11.2 m. Proposed major bridges are 12 (5 retained, 7 reconstruction). There are 26 existing minor bridges. The proposed minor bridges are 27 (8 to be retained, 17 to be reconstructed, 1 to be widened and 1 additional). There are 157 existing culverts and 186 numbers of culverts have been proposed. (Retained 46, Retained with * widening 31, Reconstruction 69-2 , Abandoned 11 and Additional 14 + (28 on bypasses). 16 bus bays and 4 truck lay bye have been proposed in the project road. Water required during the construction phase is 350 KLD for about 400 days (intermittently spread over 600 days). 330 KLD water shall be drawn from Streams along the project road. 20 KLD water for domestic use/drinking purpose shall be obtained from ground water sources spread over whole stretch. 9,25,737 cum of Aggregates, 81222 cum of sand, 65333 MT of cement, 10,626 MT of bitumen, 9960 MT of steel and 1068,000 lires of diesel will be required for the construction of the project road. 4,18,000 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 240 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar cum of fly ash proposed to be used from Barauni Thermal Power plant Kahalgaon near Barh. 1805 nos trees are proposed to be felled for the proposed widening activity. The avenue plantation shall be carried out as per IRC-SP-21:2009 apart from statutory requirement. There are 136 partially affected structures and 47 Common property resources including 07 Temples, 03 Government buildings, 01 School, 20 well and 16 hand pumps. Total civil cost of project is 478.6 Crores. Estimated Environmental Cost is 83 lakhs and R&R cost is 42.07 Crores. The project was considered in EAC meeting held in October, 2011 and finalized ToR including conduct of Public Hearing. Public Hearing conducted on 05.04.2013 at Nalanda district and on 06.04.2013 at Patna District. Major issues are Compensatory plantation, employment and land acquisition. The responses submitted and presented by the proponent were examined by the Committee. During the discussion, the following points emerged: (i) The project road is not passing/ falling with 10 km through any eco-sensitive area. (ii) The project indicates involvement of 30.734 ha protected forests. Necessary stage –I forestry clearance shall be obtained. (iii) It is indicated that 1805 nos. trees to be cut. Necessary permission from competent authority shall be obtained for tree cutting. Necessary compensatory plantation shall be carried out and cost provision should be made for regular maintenance. (iv) Explore the possibilities of using cold mix technology wherever possible particularly near wildlife sanctuary. (v) Rain water harvesting including oil and grease trap shall be provided. Water harvesting structures shall be located at every 500 mts along the road. Vertical drain type rainwater harvesting structures shall be set up to minimize surface runoff losses of rainwater. (vi) R&R shall be as per the guidelines of State/Central Government. (vii) IRC guidelines shall be followed for widening & up-gradation of road. (viii) The responses/commitments made during public hearing shall be complied with letter and spirit. (ix) All the recommendation of the EMP shall be complied with letter and spirit. All the mitigation measures submitted in the EIA report shall be prepared in a matrix format and the compliance for each mitigation plan shall be submitted to MoEF along with half yearly compliance report to MoEF-RO. The Committee recommended the proposal for Environmental Clearance with the above condition in the Clearance letter for strict compliance by the project proponent Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 241 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Compliances Compliance of TOR as presented for EC Observations of PCC on Compliance by Sr. ToR requirement of MoEFs EAC Compliance by CEG on on14th May 2013 (after compliance) 14.09.2012 & on CEG on 19th No. dated 18th October 2011 17th Nov 2012 18.10.12 October 2013 Any litigation (s) pending against No such issue is involved in the project road. There is no litigation There is no litigation Nodal officer has the proposed project and/or any pending against the pending against the already signed directions or orders passed by any proposed project. Nodal proposed project. Nodal Form 1 in this i. court of law/any statutory authority officer of the project has officer of the project has regard against the project is to be detailed already confirmed the already confirmed the out. same. same. Land use map of the study area on recent Land use map of the study Has already been Submit Land use map of the study Land use pattern has been satellite imagery given in Annexure 1.1 and area to a scale of 1: 25,000 complied area to a scale of presented in the baseline ground surveyed map is provided in based on recent satellite 1: 25,000 based on recent satellite section of the report. Annexure 1.2. imagery delineating the imagery delineating the crop lands Impact on the existing crop lands (both single and (both single and double crop), land usage need to be double crop), agricultural agricultural assessed. plantations, fallow lands, plantations, fallow lands, waste Detailed ground survey waste lands, water bodies, lands, water bodies, built-up areas, map in the scale of built-up areas, forest area forest area and other surface 1:2000 as required may and other surface features ii. features such as railway tracks, be attached with the such as railway tracks, ports, airports, roads, and major report. ports, airports, roads, and industries major industries etc. is etc. and submit a detailed ground provided as Annexure 1.1. surveyed map on 1:2000 scale showing the existing features falling within the right of way namely trees, structures including archaeological & religious, monuments etc. if any. Study regarding the Animal The animal crossing survey was conducted One pedestrian underpass The project stretch is Has already been bypasses / underpasses etc. across and no significant number of crossings was is proposed at Daniawan designed for two lanes complied iii. the habitation areas shall be carried observed (Annexure 1.3). at km 1.270 km. widening only. out. Adequate cattle passes for the For two lanes as per IRC movement of agriculture material 103 pedestrian underpass Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 242 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Compliance of TOR as presented for EC Observations of PCC on Compliance by Sr. ToR requirement of MoEFs EAC Compliance by CEG on on14th May 2013 (after compliance) 14.09.2012 & on CEG on 19th No. dated 18th October 2011 17th Nov 2012 18.10.12 October 2013 shall be provided at the stretches is provided if, passing through habitation areas. PV 2 > 2 X 10 8 Where, P = Pedestrian crossing road, V = Vehicles/Hr (Peak Hours). This project does not qualify for such provision, even though one pedestrian underpass is proposed at Daniawan at km 1.270 km. No wildlife crossings are encountered on the project stretch  1805 trees are proposed to be felled due to 2 lane with paved shoulder of the project road. Has already been As per information obtained from Forest Has been complied and the complied in Affected trees shall be Department, no protected and endangered details of affected trees Annexure-1.4 It is indicated that 1950 nos. trees listed chainage-wise, species found along the project road. regarding chainage-wise are proposed to be cut, the girth-wise, and species-  Chainage wise tree species and its girth size and girth-wise is presented information should be provided wise. has been attached in Annexure-1.4. in Annexure 4.1. Has already about their species and whether it Greenbelt development  The avenue plantation shall be carried out as Necessary green belt shall been complied also involved any protected or plan along in consultation IRC: SP21:2009 on the available land within be provided on both side of in Budget iv. endangered species. Necessary with the Highway proposed RoW. the highway with proper green belt shall be provided on Engineer need to be  MoRTH shall deposit the fund to Forest central verge. Afforestation both side of the highway with prepared and cost Department for compensatory afforestation cost of nearly 5445 trees proper central verge and cost provisions need to be and their maintenance upto 5 years for (Rs. 11,256,179/-) is provision should be made for presented in the EMP as double the area in lieu of area occupied by included in the regular maintenance. required by the MoEF. 1805 trees. environmental budget  MoRTH shall also deposit other demands of (Table 9.2) forest Department for felling of trees under local Law (if applicable). v. The proposed route is passing Congested stretch of the project road at 3 Complied. Complied. Has already been Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 243 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Compliance of TOR as presented for EC Observations of PCC on Compliance by Sr. ToR requirement of MoEFs EAC Compliance by CEG on on14th May 2013 (after compliance) 14.09.2012 & on CEG on 19th No. dated 18th October 2011 17th Nov 2012 18.10.12 October 2013 through a city or town, with houses locations (Daniawan, Harnuat and Barh) is complied and human habitation on the either proposed with bypass to avoid displacement of side of the road, the necessity for structures. provision of  Bus bays have been proposed at 09 bypasses/diversions/under passes locations. The details of the bypasses have shall be examined and submitted. been addressed in chapter-2and attached as The proposal should also indicate Annexure-1.5. the location of wayside amenities, which should include petrol station/service center, rest areas including public conveyance, etc. Following measures have been taken: for It needs to be addressed Pedestrian crossing and Has already been pedestrian safety, in Chapter 2 as per the foot paths are provided at complied  Raised footpaths in semi urban areas. provision made in DPR. required locations as per  Lane marking as per IRC 35 guideline. IRC standards. Submit details about measures  Signage marks as per IRC 67 guideline. The requirement of taken for the pedestrian safety and  Provision of bus bays & truck parking pedestrian/Foot-over bridge vi. construction of underpasses and areas. is checked as per clause foot-over bridges along with  Pedestrian crossings proposed at urban 7.3.2 and Clause 8 of IRC flyovers and interchanges. areas. 103-1988. (Details are provided in Chap 2.). Pedestrian/Foot-over bridge is not required as per this clause. Construction Phase: Already given in  There is minimum possibility of traffic Final EIA & There is no possibility that congestion in surrounding areas because EMP Report Assess whether there is a the proposed project will there is no major parallel road. possibility that the proposed project adversely affect road traffic  The construction raw material will be It needs to be complied in will adversely affect road traffic in in the surrounding areas. It vii. transported during lean hours. the report as per the surrounding areas (e.g. by has been complied in the  The construction activities shall be provision made in DPR. causing increases in traffic report as per safety scheduled in such a way that there is smooth congestion and traffic accidents). provisions made in the movement of existing traffic either through DPR. existing carriageway or widened portion.  To prevent the accident, Safety sings, Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 244 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Compliance of TOR as presented for EC Observations of PCC on Compliance by Sr. ToR requirement of MoEFs EAC Compliance by CEG on on14th May 2013 (after compliance) 14.09.2012 & on CEG on 19th No. dated 18th October 2011 17th Nov 2012 18.10.12 October 2013 rumble strip etc used during construction phase Clearly indicate/provide details Base line data has been collected along the The air quality Monitoring had been Complied in regarding the location, date (along project road as per MoEF guidelines. The monitoring results may carried out by CEGTH, an Chapter 4 with site photographs with the details have been presented in chapter 4 of be properly documented NABL accredited background of monitoring EIA report. in the report by giving laboratory during winter viii equipment and/or sample collection date-wise data in the season in the year 2010 . in process) and protocol adopted Annexes to the report. from Oct 10 to 10th Jan for sampling and analysis of 2011. The summary of air various environmental parameters quality monitoring results is as a part of the baseline data documented in the report collection. (Table 4.11) The details of sand quarry and borrow area Complied. Not complied Has already been Examine and submit the details of locations have been addressed in Chapter 2 of in totality as far as complied ix. sand quarry, borrow area and Complied. EIA/EMP report. utilization of Fly Ash is rehabilitation. Concerned Climate and meteorology (max and The details of meteorological data have been Climate and Has already been Climate and Meteorological min temperature, relative humidity, addressed in Chapter-4 and Annexure 4.3. Meteorological data complied in data with its source and rainfall, frequency of tropical needs to be properly Chapter-4 and period is documented on x. cyclone and snow fall); the nearest presented in tabular form Annexure 4.3. page 63 under section IMD meteorological station from with its source and period 4.6.4. and also given in which climatological data have as per MoEF’s Table 4.9 of Chapter 4 been obtained to be indicated. requirement. The air quality monitoring should Ambient Air quality monitoring has been RSPM to be corrected to Complied. Has already been be carried out as per the new carried as per MOEF guideline manual 2010. PM10. Correction in the complied xi. notification issued on 16th Air quality monitoring results are presented in write up to be November, 2009. chapter 4 in EIA/EMP report. incorporated. Identify project activities during The project construction activities will involve It has been addressed in Complied. Has already been construction and operation phases, clearing and grubbing, tree cutting, site the report. complied which will affect the noise levels development works, road widening and xii. and the potential for increased strengthening, bypasses, construction of noise resulting from this project. bridges, way side facilities etc. The project Discuss the effect of noise levels activities proposed during construction phase Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 245 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Compliance of TOR as presented for EC Observations of PCC on Compliance by Sr. ToR requirement of MoEFs EAC Compliance by CEG on on14th May 2013 (after compliance) 14.09.2012 & on CEG on 19th No. dated 18th October 2011 17th Nov 2012 18.10.12 October 2013 on nearby habitation during the are presented in Chapter 2 of EIA report. construction and operational phases The construction activities will have adverse of the proposed highway. Identify impacts on the environment. Identification and noise reduction measures and assessment of anticipated environment have traffic management strategies to be been carried out and presented in Chapter 5. deployed for reducing the negative Prediction modeling of noise levels has been impact if any. Prediction of noise carried out and presented in chapter 5. levels should be done by using mathematical modeling at different representative locations. The impact of the project road during the Has already been construction phase due to generation of dust complied emission, air emission from hot mix plants and vehicle used for transportation of materials are anticipated during construction phase. Examine the impact during Prediction of impact on ambient air quality by construction activities due to CALINE-4 mathematical model, using CPCB Impact on air quality due Impact on air quality due to generation of fugitive dust from emission factor has been carried out and to HMP and vehicle used HMP and vehicle used for crusher units, air emissions from presented in chapter5. for transportation on transportation on material hot mix plants and vehicles used Following measures are proposed: material need to be has been assessed with the for transportation of materials and  Hot mix plant will have in-built provision of assessed using help of mathematical prediction of impact on ambient air xiii pollution control equipments. mathematical model as model. quality using appropriate .  Hot mix plants will be installed in down required by MoEF. mathematical model, description of wind direction minimum 1 km away from model, input requirement and any populated area. reference of derivation, distribution  Hot mix plant will be installed with of major pollutants and Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate presentation in tabular form for of State Pollution Control Boards, easy interpretation shall be carried  All construction equipment and vehicles out. will be operated with pollution under control certificate.  Regular maintenance of vehicle and construction equipments will be ensured.  Water sprinkling will be carried out to Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 246 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Compliance of TOR as presented for EC Observations of PCC on Compliance by Sr. ToR requirement of MoEFs EAC Compliance by CEG on on14th May 2013 (after compliance) 14.09.2012 & on CEG on 19th No. dated 18th October 2011 17th Nov 2012 18.10.12 October 2013 control fugitive dust emission.  Regular monitoring of ambient air quality will be carried out during construction and operation phase. Impacts and mitigation measures during construction phase due to generation of air and fugitive dust emission from hot mix and crusher plants. Details are given in chapter -5. During construction and operation phase, It has been complied Has already been Complied following mitigation measures will be adopted adequately. However, complied to minimize impact from dust, noise and odor: provisions of sprinkling  Sprinkling of water to suppress duct of water to suppress the Also examine and submit the  Maintenance of vehicles and construction dust may be considered details about the protection to xiv equipments. in the mitigation existing habitations from dust, .  Use of silencers and mufflers measures. noise, odour etc. during  Construction of debris and waste and construction stage. disposal as per standard practice.  Use of applicable IRC guidelines Details are given in chapter 5 of EIA report. If the proposed route involves Except for construction of road side RCC It has been addressed in Complied. Has already been cutting of earth, the details of area pucca drain in Built-up area, the project route the EIA report. complied to be cut, depth of cut, locations, does not involve cutting of earth. The earth soil type, volume and quantity of excavated for construction of drain will be xv. earth and other materials to be reutilized in widening of road. removed with location of disposal/ dump site along with necessary permission. Xvi If the proposed route is passing There is no low lying area along project road. The topography is No low lying areas along Has already been through low lying areas, details of generally plain in the project road. complied fill materials and initial and final project area and there are levels after filling above MSL, no low lying areas along should be examined and submitted. project road. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 247 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Compliance of TOR as presented for EC Observations of PCC on Compliance by Sr. ToR requirement of MoEFs EAC Compliance by CEG on on14th May 2013 (after compliance) 14.09.2012 & on CEG on 19th No. dated 18th October 2011 17th Nov 2012 18.10.12 October 2013 . xvi Examine and submit the water Rivers: Table 2.2 of Chapter 2 Has already been The length and the i. bodies including the seasonal ones Punpun and Morhar gives the locations of the complied closeness of the water within the corridor of impacts Following mitigation measures will be taken water bodies from the road bodies from the road may along with their status, volumetric to avoid the impact on water bodies during has been also marked in be mentioned for purpose capacity and quality likely impacts construction stage: alignment plan. No water of oriented location. on them due to the project.  Construction camps, if any, shall be body is directly affected. properly located to avoid inflow of Necessary precaution will contaminants into surface water bodies by be taken, while working the generated waste and wastewater. near water bodies.  Good engineering practices to be followed to avoid the clogging of water channels along the project road.  Coffer dam will be constructed to minimise the impact on water quality  No waste will be dumped in the water bodies.  River protection measures will be taken as per IRC guidelines. xvi Water requirement during the construction Water requirement during Has already been Examine and submit details of ii. phase is nearly 166 KLD. Details are given in The quantity of water construction phase is about complied water quantity required and source chapter 2 in EIA/EMP report. required for construction 11952m3 @ 166 m3/day . of water including water Generally ground water is free from chemical has been given but source Surface water is available requirement during the construction and biological contamination. of water for construction in plenty at chainage 0.000 stage with supporting data and also need to be identified. ,River Punpun and at classification of ground water Chainage 40+200 Morhar based on the CGWA classification. Surface water quality River flows . As per the use data need to be compared based classification of and discussed in water by CPCB the surface conformity to CPCB water falls under Category norms. B. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 248 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Compliance of TOR as presented for EC Observations of PCC on Compliance by Sr. ToR requirement of MoEFs EAC Compliance by CEG on on14th May 2013 (after compliance) 14.09.2012 & on CEG on 19th No. dated 18th October 2011 17th Nov 2012 18.10.12 October 2013 Following measures shall be taken during Construction of Bridges, Has already been construction of bridges across the rivers, major across river/canal/major or complied and minor drains keeping in view the flooding minor drains will not be of the rivers and the life span of the existing done in monsoon. Silt bridges: fencing will be adopted  Slope stabilization on the banks of during construction. Examine and submit the details of river/drains by turfing. Bed erosion and gully measures taken during The figures regarding the  Provision of gabion retaining wall for river formation will be avoided constructions of bridges across existing minor and major bank protection. with proper river training river/canal/major or minor drains bridges mentioned in  Scour protection measures below the works and the approach up keeping in view the flooding of the section in section 2.7.5 bridge. stream will have speed xix rivers and the life span of the and given in section 5.2.3 Traffic safety measures to be taken are breakers for uniform flow . existing bridges. (mitigation measures) of described in Chap 2. to increase the life span of Provision of speed breakers, safety Chapter 5 is to be For the safety of local people, pedestrian under the cross drainage signals, service lanes and foot paths reconciled with the pass is proposed. structures. should be examined at appropriate provisions made in the  IRC guidelines IRC: 103-1988 have been Speed breakers, safety locations throughout the proposed DPR for the same. followed including speed breakers, signals, service lanes and road to avoid the accidents. footpaths and service lanes as appropriate foot paths are provided at  Safety signage, marking, zebra cross way appropriate locations will be provided. throughout the proposed road to avoid the accidents refer chapter 2 and 3 for the same. There will be no changes in the existing It has been addressed Complied. Has already been drainage pattern. properly complied Drainage pattern of The study area is given in If there will be any change in the Annexure 1.6. drainage pattern after the proposed Sufficient numbers of cross drainage structures xx. activity, details of changes shall be have been proposed as mentioned below. examined and submitted. Major Bridge: 12nos Minor bridge : 28 nos Culverts: 169 xxi Rain water harvesting pit should be Since the water table is shallow and some part Provision of rain water Provisions for rain water Has already been Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 249 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Compliance of TOR as presented for EC Observations of PCC on Compliance by Sr. ToR requirement of MoEFs EAC Compliance by CEG on on14th May 2013 (after compliance) 14.09.2012 & on CEG on 19th No. dated 18th October 2011 17th Nov 2012 18.10.12 October 2013 . at least 3 - 5 m. above the highest of the project road falls in flood prone zone harvesting need to be harvesting will be made complied ground water table. Provision shall hence rain water harvesting structures are not discussed in the EMP along the project road in be made for oil and grease removal required. However chapter. Provision of oil plain terrain and non from surface runoff. Surface run-off will be collected in a baffled and grease removal may populated areas. The tank for separation of oil and grease, before be incorporated in the project gets frequently inlet into the side drains. EMP. flooded in monsoon refers Fig 2.1 .Water table of this area is high as it is flood prone zone. About 30.374 ha declared Protected forest It has been addressed in Complied Has already been If there is a possibility that the (road side plantation) is required to be diverted the EIA report. complied construction/widening of road will for the project. A forest diversion proposal for xxi cause impact such as destruction of the three bypasses has been submitted and i. forest, poaching, reductions in joint verification is in progress. wetland areas, if so, examine the impact and submit details. All safety measures for 2-lane project are Complied Has already been Submit the details of road safety, Has been addressed in proposed as per IRC guidelines (Given in complied xxi signage, service roads, vehicular section 2.8 and its Chap 2). ii. under passes, accident prone zone subsections, Chapter 2. and the mitigation measures. IRC Guidelines are followed for designing and Complied Has already been IRC guidelines shall be followed xxi preparation of the project report. Has been addressed in complied for widening & up gradation of v. section 2.13 in Chapter 2. road. xxv Submit details of social impact R&R Plan along with SIA is provided in Complied Has already been Project specific data need . assessment due to the proposed Chap 6. complied to presented and analyzed construction of road. for establishing the baseline social condition of the people in the project area in Chapter 4. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 250 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Compliance of TOR as presented for EC Observations of PCC on Compliance by Sr. ToR requirement of MoEFs EAC Compliance by CEG on on14th May 2013 (after compliance) 14.09.2012 & on CEG on 19th No. dated 18th October 2011 17th Nov 2012 18.10.12 October 2013 3. Project road has been designed according to Complied Has already been Examine road design standards, IRC guidelines and standards. Curve It has been addressed complied safety equipment specifications and improvement, realignments, safety barriers, adequately. Management System training to crash barrier and guard stones have been xxv ensure that design details take i. proposed for traffic safety. account of safety concerns and 4. The detailed study of the Environmental submit the traffic management management plan is given in chapter 7 of plan. EIA/EMP report.  All accident prone spots have been reviewed Has already been This needs to be and analyzed and improved as per IRC Complied complied complied with as Accident data and geographic standards. required by MOEF distribution should be reviewed and  During 2-lane with paved shoulder, all the analyzed to predict and identify sharp curve will be eased and congested xxv trends in case of expansion of the stretches will be bypassed (Daniawan, ii. existing highway and provide Post Harnaut and Barh bypass). accident emergency assistance and  During post construction phase, ambulance medical care to accident victims. and first aid facilitation will be available round the clock at Toll Plaza. If the proposed project involves It needs to be discussed Has already been Not required No reclamation issue in this any land reclamation, details to be as per DPR if required in complied xxv project. provided for which activity land to chapter 2. iii. reclaim and the area of land to be reclaimed. xxi Details of the properties, houses, Due to the proposed widening of the road 86 The details need to be Details are given Details are furnished in x. businesses etc. activities likely to residential structures, 40 commercial discussed as per SIA and in Chap 6 standalone SIA and R & R be effected by land acquisition and structures, 43 community properties including R& R Plan in additional Plan. their financial loses annually. 7 Temple/Shrine and16 Hand pumps will be studies chapter. partially affected. (Details are given in Chap 6) Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 251 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Compliance of TOR as presented for EC Observations of PCC on Compliance by Sr. ToR requirement of MoEFs EAC Compliance by CEG on on14th May 2013 (after compliance) 14.09.2012 & on CEG on 19th No. dated 18th October 2011 17th Nov 2012 18.10.12 October 2013  RAP has been designed as per NHIIP Complied This needs to be Detailed R&R plan with data on entitlement framework as discussed in addressed separately as the existing socio-economic status Chap 6 part of Social Impact of the population in the study area  Any resettlement colony is not proposed. Assessment (SIA) and broad plan for resettlement of No civil and housing amenities are being Report, prepared by the displaced population, site for offered to affected families. social team in chapter on xxx the resettlement colony, alternative Additional studies. . livelihood concerns/ employment and rehabilitation of the displaced people, civil and housing amenities being offered, etc. and the schedule of the implementation of the project specific  Corporate social responsibility has been Environmental Has already been considered to the extent possible within enhancement as Complied complied project limits. discussed in Public Submit details of Corporate Social xxx Responsibility. Necessary  Schools and other sensitive locations are Consultation meetings for safe guarded against all adverse impacts public conveniences shall i. provisions should be made in the .Playgrounds will be leveled with extra be considered. / and their budget. earth which may be generated from cost should be put as part construction. of the Environmental & Social budget Estimated cost of the project Total project cost is Rs 420.07 crore, which Complied Has already been including environmental includes Rs 83 lakhs as environmental cost It has been addressed in complied monitoring cost and funding and Rs 42.08 crores R&R cost including land the EIA report adequately xxx agencies, whether governmental or acquisition. World Bank is the funding under Chapter 9. ii. on the basis of BOT etc. and agency. provide details of budget Details of Environmental budget have been provisions (capital & recurring) for provided in chapter 7 of EIA/EMP report. the project specific R&R Plan. Submit environmental management Environmental Management and Monitoring This needs to be Complied Has already been xxx and monitoring plan for all phases Plan is attached in chapter 7 of EIA report. complied with as complied iii. of the project viz. construction and required by MOEF as Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 252 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Compliance of TOR as presented for EC Observations of PCC on Compliance by Sr. ToR requirement of MoEFs EAC Compliance by CEG on on14th May 2013 (after compliance) 14.09.2012 & on CEG on 19th No. dated 18th October 2011 17th Nov 2012 18.10.12 October 2013 operation. part of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) –Chapter – 9. Annexure-A General Observations in line with the queries from World bank (WB): Observations on 28 November 2012(PCC) Observation as on 09.10.2013(PCC) Compliance by CEG on 19th October 2013 Chapter 2:  Chainage wise ROW data may be annexed.  Complied (Annex 2.1) Has already been complied  It is understood that there is one (1) Thermal Power Plant located within 100  Complied but the data on Complied km radius to the project site i.e. in Barauni which lies approximately 50 km fly ash data is not distance from the project road. The DPR consultant should discuss the matching in different utilization of Fly Ash in road construction (embankments) as per the Fly Ash sections of the report. Notification of 2009 and as per the IRC Specification No. SP: 58 of 2001. (Page No. E-14,58,85) Whereas EIA report mentions that there is no thermal power station located within 100 km. Chapter 5: Section 5.2.8: “Rehabilitation of borrow areas from which earth has been excavated, is It has been addressed. (Pg 90) Complied a potential problem which needs to be addressed. In addition to visual blight, safety issues shall also be considered” Observation: Please suggest project specific mitigation measure to reduce the potential problem and safety hazards at borrow areas. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 253 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Section 5.2.17: Noise dissipation areas shall be demarcated based on Noise data Noise levels are predicted at a It is clear from table 5.7 collected. Please give the distance at which the Noise levels have been predicated in distance of 35m to 50m. It is that both ‘Day’ time and Table 5.6 and mitigation measures, if any, are required to be adopted shall be observed that there are eighteen ‘Night’ time predicted reported. (18) number of sensitive receptors values are well within the are located at a distance of 30m to 35m along the project corridor limits of CPCB at all and predicted noise levels are locations except at Harnaut more than prescribed limits. (56 dB for year 2030) Project specific mitigation location (km 40+000). The measures need to be suggested above predicted values are and cost of the same need to be without considering presented in the EMP budget shielding effects of noise along with its specifications. due to vegetations, etc. Cumulative impacts due to Majority of the traffic will increased noise level need to be utilize the Bypass at presented in the impact section. Harnaut, thus curbing the noise pollution in the horizon year 2030 . Section 5.2.18: Contradictory statements on impact on fauna need to be rectified. Impact on aquatic ecology need to There is no Section 5.2.18. Please refer to the following statements: be addressed along with provisions of project specific “Impact: No potential impact on fauna is envisaged due to widening of project ct road mitigation measures since as per this is not near to any of the area rich in wildlife” construction of major as well as minor bridges is envisaged. Observation: is there any wildlife rich area located within 15 km from the It has been addressed. (pg 105) Has already been complied project road. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 254 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar “Although no impacts on fauna in operation stage are anticipated directly due to the project, certain measures shall be taken. In the operation phase a positive impact on fauna is anticipated due to enhanced tree cover in the RoW. The enhanced tree cover will provide a good nesting ground for the avifauna” Observation: About 1953 tress will be felled. How the enhanced tree plantation It has been addressed. (Pg 109) On Exact verification in the will provide a good nesting ground for the avifauna. Please quantify and clarify. field How the number of trees have reduced to 1805 need to be reconciled in the analysis of alternatives. Section 6.2: Environmental Reporting System need to be modified as per the It has been addressed in EMP Has already been complied EMF as uploaded in MoRTH website. Table 6.3: List Parameters which are to be monitored during different phases of It has been addressed. (pg 224) Has already been complied the project needs to be included. Additional Comments by PCC Observations of PCC on 09.10.2013 on report submitted on October 2013. Observations of PCC on 09.10.2013 on report submitted on October 2013 Compliance by CEG on 19th October 2013  Impact on agriculture land needs to be clearly discussed in the report. (Break up of land need to be Has been discussed in EIA EMP presented) report and LULC map is also attached as Annexure 1.7. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 255 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA/EMP Report of NH-30A in the State of Bihar Paragraph No. 4.9.3 Worship tree states that “Certain trees as papal (Ficus religiosa), banyan (Ficus There are 46 Peepal trees and most of them are on bypass benghalensis) and amla (Emblica officinalis) are worshipped by the villagers. Peepal tree is considered alignment .Only those trees are to be sacred and nobody generally cuts it down or uses its wood for fuel. Spirits are believed to live on pipal trees and they are worshipped if they happen to lie in the village or outside it near a temple etc.” worshipped which are in temple Observations: Tree which could not be cut on religious considerations may need to be adjusted. This compounds. In this project there aspect need to be checked and may require island formation and measures indicated on case by case are three bypasses and majority basis. This shall be considered in EMP. of habitations are EMP budget is not clear. (especially item No. (D) Enhancement) Complied Oil and grease interceptors (4 No) and silt fencing is proposed to reduce the impacts. Please give details and Complied drawings of the same need to be presented in the report. And provision for the same need to considered in the construction drawings and in BOQ. Comprehensive list of abbreviations need to include some missing terminology complied Grammatical mistakes may be checked before submitting the final report. complied . Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 256 MoRTH