E4482 V4 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FOR STATE ROADS Republic of Macedonia NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ROADS REHABILITATION PROJECT Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report (ESAR) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for rehabilitation of State road R1202, Section Boshkov Most - Debar March 2014 Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 1 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report Table of contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ............................... 3 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ........................ 4 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................... 7 4. BASELINE DATA ................................................ 9 LOCATION ST.NIKOLA - LOCATION IN MAVROVO WHERE NECROPOLIS FROM THE LATE MIDDLE AGE WAS DISCOVERED. THIS LOCATION IS NEAR THE VILLAGE CHURCH ST.NIKOLA, AND UNDER THE ROAD THERE ARE STONE PLATES FROM GRAVES AND ARCHAIC CROSSES, MADE FROM LIMESTONE. ........................................................................................................................................................ 19 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ........................................ 20 5.1 AIR EMISSIONS ...................................................................................................................................................20 5.2 WATER POLLUTION .............................................................................................................................................22 5.3 WASTE GENERATION ...........................................................................................................................................22 5.4 SOIL CONTAMINATION ..........................................................................................................................................24 5.5 NOISE, VIBRATION AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION ......................................................................................................25 5.6 BIODIVERSITY (FLORA AND FAUNA).........................................................................................................................27 5.7 SOCIAL IMPACTS ................................................................................................................................................28 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ....................... 28 7. MONITORING ACTIVITIES ......................................... 41 8. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ESMP ............... 45 9. ANNEXES .................................................... 47 Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 2 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report 1. Executive summary and conclusion Introduction The Public Enterprise for State Roads (PESR) intends to receive a loan/credit from the World Bank (WB) in relation to the Macedonia Regional and National Roads Rehabilitation Project (year 2014). The project objective is a rehabilitation of the regional and national roads. One of the Category B sub-projects under the WB project of Regional and National Roads Rehabilitation Projects in the Republic of Macedonia is the rehabilitation of the state road R1202, Section Boshkov Most – Debar. The preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIAR) is an integral part of the overall project documentation to be developed for rehabilitation activities according to the Macedonian legislation in the field of environmental protection, especially the Law on Environment (“Official Gazette of R. Macedonia“ no. 53/05, 81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11, 123/12, 93/13 and 187/13)1. This documentation package should be approved by Administration of Environment within the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning (MOEPP). According to the WB policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01), Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12), and other environmental and social policies, such projects should be analyzed to determine the potential for negative and positive environmental and social impacts and to measures to avoid, compensate and/or mitigate the adverse negative impacts on the environment. To fulfill WB requirements, in accordance with Environmental and Social Managament Framework, an Environmental and Social Assessment Report (including Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)) is prepared for this subproject. Subject of the analysis in this Environmental and Social Assessment Report (ESAR) are foreseen activities for rehabilitation of the road section Boshkov Most – Debar. The road section Boshkov Most – Debar has been build before three decades and is used as regional and national connection of city of Debar and main access road for population of Debar Region. Visible damages of all kinds (across the length, width, crocodile skins, potholes) are creating problems while driving and therefore it is necessary to carry out their rehabilitation and improvement of road construction elements. The rehabilitation process on this section will be done on length of about 8.50 km. The section begins on the junction from the road R1202 with R2246 (km 45 + 475) and ends at the entrance of city of Debar. Potential impacts of the project on the environment and social setting will be assessed in this Environmental and Social Assessment Report (ESAR) which is developed to meet the requirements of Macedonian regulations and World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguards. Conclusion 1 Article 24 – Environmental and Social Assessment Report Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 3 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report Based on results of conducted environmental assessment, it may be stated that the majority of potential environmental impacts from the foreseen road section rehabilitation phase are likely to occur during rehabilitation works (construction phase) and they will be of temporary nature. Implementation of the proper mitigation measures during design and rehabilitation phase will ensure reduction of the possible adverse project impacts to acceptable levels. The project impact will be insignificance if all proposed mitigation measures and monitoring activities are implemented properly. Moreover, the rehabilitation of the road section will improve technical conditions of this road and, therefore, will contribute to safe, fast, economic and comfortable road traffic. Transport of people and goods will run better than in the past, thus promoting the trade and economic relations in Debar and neighbouring regions, and above all traffic safety conditions of the population living in this region will be improved. 2. Policy, legal and administrative framework The Environmental Assessment process is intended to serve as a primary input for the decision making process by Macedonian authorities, which have to approve the project before it can be constructed and operated and by the World Bank, which is considering providing funding for the project. Macedonian Framework Republic of Macedonia has developed full legal and institutional framework for Environmental Assessments. This framework is generally in compliance with the existing WB EA rules and procedures, as well as in full compliance with the EU EIA Directives. Environmental Impact Assessment of certain projects is required to be carried out in the Republic of Macedonia in accordance with Articles 76-94 of the Law on Environment (“Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia“ No. 53/05, 81/05 24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11, 123/12, 93/13 and 187/13). The types of projects that require an EIA are to be determined in accordance with Article 77 of the Law on Environment, which are specified in details by the Government of the Republic of Macedonia in the “Decree for Determining Projects for which and criteria on the basis of which the screening for an environmental impact assessment shall be carried outâ€? (“Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedoniaâ€? No.74/2005). According to this Decree full EIA Study is not needed (only construction of new highway and national or regional road or widening of existing road with additional two lanes is subject to full EIA Study). The Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning have prepared Guidance for conducting, screening, scoping and review in environmental impact assessment in the Republic of Macedonia, Report Ref. No.300033-06- RP-325 Skopje 2006. An aim of this Guidance is to assist in the interpretation of the EIA laws so that they can be applied in practice. This Guidance is drawn in part from screening, scoping and review Guidance provided by the European Commission. It accompanies Republic of Macedonia efforts to implement the EIA Directive and is designed to help investors, bodies of the state administration and other involved parties to undertake the highest standards of environmental impact assessment. The Section Boshkov Most - Debar is of a category covered by Decree amending the Decree for actions and activities for which is obligatory a preparation of an EIA Report and for which approval the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning is competent authority (“Official Gazette of RMâ€? No.36/12). The Environmental impact Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 4 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report assessment report is required to provide, identify and describe how the project can have negative and positive impacts on environmental resources – water quality, air, biodiversity, etc. and on people – economic status, noise, traffic, etc. Public participation is required throughout the process. Still, in phase of Detailed Design Public Enterprise for State Roads, as Investor, has to initiate the procedure for environmental impact assessment by submitting Letter of Notification of intent to conduct a project to the MoEPP to issue official Decision does EIA Report or full EIA Study is required. World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies World Bank environmental and social safeguard policies are regarded as a corner stone of its support to sustainable poverty reduction. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for the WB and borrowers in the identification, preparation and implementation of programmes and projects. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of 10 environmental, social and legal safeguard policies of the WB. EIA is used in the WB to identify, avoid and/or mitigate the potential negative environmental impacts associated with lending operations. The purpose of EIA is to improve decision making, to ensure that project options under consideration are sound and sustainable, and that potentially affected people have been adequately consulted. The WB's environmental assessment policy and recommended processing are described in Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment. This policy is considered to be the 'umbrella' policy for WB environmental 'safeguard policies'. For the present road section Boshkov Most – Debar the relevant safeguard policies to be considered at all stages of preparation and planning are: - Operational Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01, 1999, revised April, 2013); - Operational Policy on Physical Cultural Resources (OP 4.11, 2006); - Operational Policy on Natural Habitats (OP 4.04, 2001); - Policy on Access to Information (2013). The WB's requirements on Information Disclosure are detailed in the Access to Information Policy last revised in July 2013.Disclosure Handbook 2002. The WB OB/BP on Involuntary Resettlement requires WB-assisted projects to avoid or minimize involuntary land taking. If such cannot be avoided, displaced persons need to be meaningfully consulted, compensated for lost/damaged assets and assisted in restoring or improving their living standards and livelihood. The policy requires that if involuntary land taking and resettlement become necessary, a clear plan for compensating and assisting displaced persons be prepared by the borrower by appraisal for WB review. Such a plan must be substantially completed prior to the commencement of civil works. The WB OP/BP on Natural Habitats seeks to ensure that WB-supported infrastructure and other development projects take into account the conservation of biodiversity, as well as the numerous environmental services and products which natural habitats can provide to human society. The policy strictly limits the circumstances under which any WB-supported project can damage natural habitats, i.e. such land and water areas where most of the native Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 5 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report plant and animal species are still present. Specifically, the policy prohibits WB support for projects which would lead to significant loss or degradation of any Critical Natural Habitats, whose definition includes those natural habitats which are either: - legally protected; - officially proposed for protection; - unprotected but known of high conservation value. In other (non-critical) natural habitats, WB-supported projects can cause significant loss or degradation only when: - there are no feasible alternatives to achieve the project's substantial overall net benefits; and - acceptable mitigation measures, such as compensatory protected areas, are included within the project. At the Project level, WB seeks to ensure that its lending operations comply with international obligations to protect biodiversity. EIAs for WB should take into account the impacts of proposed projects on a country's biodiversity. The WB OP/BP on Forestry aims to reduce deforestation, enhance the environmental contribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, reduce poverty and encourage economic development. The policy defines a forest as an area of land of not less than 1.0 ha with a tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10% that has trees with the potential to meet a minimum height of 2 m in situ (in its original position). The WB does not finance projects that, in its opinion, would involve significant conversion or degradation of critical forest areas or related critical natural habitats. Critical forest areas are natural forest lands which are: • existing protected areas and areas officially proposed by governments as protected areas, areas initially recognized as protected by traditional local communities, and sites that maintain conditions vital for the viability of these protected areas; • sites identified by WB or an authoritative source, such as areas with known high suitability for biodiversity conservation and areas that are critical for rare, vulnerable, migratory or endangered species. The WB OP on Cultural Property is based on the acknowledgement of cultural resources as sources of valuable historical and scientific information, as assets for economic and social development, and as integral parts of a people's cultural identity and practices. WB policy as stated in Operational Directive (OD) 4.50 is to: (a) assist in protecting and enhancing cultural property through specific project components and (b) decline to finance projects which significantly damage cultural property, and assist only those that are designed to prevent or minimize such damage. WB policy on Access to Information Public Consultation and Disclosure follows specific procedures: ESAR reports will be presented to both the Government of the Republic of Macedonia and WB Management and serve as a background document for approval by the competent authority. In accordance with OP/BP 4.01, the Borrower will have to make the draft ESAR Report and Land Acquisition Plan (LAP) available in Macedonian at a public place Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 6 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report accessible to project-affected groups and local NGOs. The Borrower must also officially transmit the ESAR report and LAP to WB. Once the ESAR report and LAP have been locally disclosed and officially received and approved by WB, the WB will also make them available to the public through its Infoshop. As regards WB's internal ESAR procedure, Environmental Screening is an important step at the stage of project preparation through which proposed projects are attributed to the appropriate extent and type of ESAR. In practice, the significance of impacts, and the selection of screening category accordingly, depends on the type and scale of the project, the location and sensitivity of environmental issues, and the nature and magnitude of the potential impacts. 3. Project description Section Boskov Most – Debar (Figure 1) is a part of the regional road R1202 (Mavrovo – Debar). The rehabilitation process on this section will be done on length of about 8.50 km. The section begins on the junction from the road R1202 with R2246 (km 45 + 475) and ends at the entrance of city of Debar. The road was constructed in the period between 1975-1980, generally following the existing old road alignment, and in compliance with the necessary geometry elements to the category of the road. The road was put in exploitation 35 years ago, nether reconstruction or rehabilitation is being made on the same, except patching of pot holes and ongoing periodical maintenance. Figure 1 Satellite map of the road (source: Google earth) According to the Terms of reference following activities for this section are foreseen: Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 7 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report - Extraction of asphalt sample from existing pavement construction from depth of 20 cm. With laboratory analysis of extracted samples quality of pavement layers would be determined; - According to the relevant data for: traffic load, climatic, topographic and geotechnical features of the terrain the type, dimensions and technology of scraping and removal of old pavement and way of implementation of pavement construction will be specified, and also road objects that should be rehabilitated; - Field survey of the condition of drainage system should be conducted so adequate measures for its functionality to be foreseen, such as : clearing of the drainage culverts, ditches, or on chainage where there is no drainage system to propose appropriate; Also the requirements for design of additional traffic objects such as retaining and protection walls against landslides, erosion, replacement of hydro isolation for bridges etc, will be taken in consideration during the phase of Detailed Design. The Bridge over Debar Lake is not part of rehabilitation phase. Horizontal and vertical alignment The horizontal alignment generally passes through mountainous terrain. Considering that the width of the regional road is 6.0 m, the longitudinal slopes of the vertical alignment should not pass the value of 10%. The horizontal elements of the road are designed to satisfy the speed of 50 km/h. Figure 2 Pavement construction Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 8 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report Existing pavement construction The existing pavement is in unsatisfactory condition with damages. On the pavement there are different damages such as longitudinal and transverse cracks, pot holes, block cracklings, rutting, deflections of the pavement and other damages are visible. Drainage The drainage of the road is in a bad shape. Generally the existing channels are filled with stones, sand and earthen material; also the shoulders are in bad condition. Some of the culverts do not work functionally. Road markings and traffic signs There is a horizontal and vertical signalling on the section. On this section enormous damage is determined so respectively rehabilitation of following aspects of the current carriageway: structure, dimensions and constructive details should be done. 4. Baseline data The activities foreseen for rehabilitation of the section Boshkov Most – Debar, will take place in two municipalities: municipality of Mavrovo and RostuÅ¡a (about 5%) and municipality of Debar (about 95%or the road section). Natural/Geographical features Municipality of Debar is located in western Macedonia and it is part of Southwestеrn planning region. The municipality is located in the Debar region and has a total area of 142.67 km ². On east it borders with Albania, south with Centar Zupa and Struga, on the east and north with Mavrovo and Rostusa. Municipality of Mavrovo and Rostusa is located in the western part of Macedonia, it is a border municipality in the west bordering with Albania and Kosovo to the northwest, covers an area of approximately 682 km ² and is one of the largest municipalities in Macedonia. One of the most important characteristics of this municipality is that it is a hilly and mountainous area with large surface area and small population density, that it is a municipality of rural type with 42 villages. Climate features The climate in the municipality of Debar is very peculiar, because in this municipality the continental climate is mixing with influences of the Mediterranean and there are also some influences of the mountains that are surrounding the area. All this results in an average annual precipitation of 872,2 mm, an average monthly temperature of 11,8 0C and an average annual insolation of 2.129 h. This diverse formation of the orographic, biogeographyc and hidrologycal factors in the municipality of Mavrovo and Rostusa has impact on the climatic and meteorological characteristics of the wider area. Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 9 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report In this area there is a border between changed- continental and continental pluviometric regime. The data of the air temperature are from the meteorological stations present in National Park Mavrovo (Lazropole and Mavrovi Anovi. The Average year temperature of the air is in between 6.9°C for Lazaropole and 7.0°C in Mavrovi Anovi. The coldest month is January, with average of -1.9°C in Lazaropole, and -1.4°C in Mavrovi Anovi. The warmest month is July with average 16.3 °C in Lazaropole and 16.2 in Mavrovi Anovi. The maximal month-average temperature for Mavrovi Anovi in July and August is 22.1°C, and for Lazaropole in August 22.9°C. The maximal year-average temperature from Mavrovi Anovi staion is 11.9°C, and from Lazaropole 12.4°C. The most often and strong winds are the one from north-east and they from south- west and with speed of 4,6 m/s. Hydrological features In the municipality of Debar and Mavrovo and Rostusa main water resources are: Debar Lake, Mavrovo Lake, river Crn Drim, river Radica. Debar Lake is an artificial reservoir that is filled by waters from the river Crn Drim, with surface of 13.2 km2. Besides the basic function of the accumulation for electrical energy production, Debar Lake has also potential for fishing and water supply, and for development of tourism. This lake is richest artificial lake with water in Macedonia. Lake Mavrovo is an artificial accumulation; it is built in the Mavrovo valley in the region where River Mavrovska is entering the valley, near Mavrovi Anovi. The biggest depth of the lake is 50 m, and the total surface ofit is 13.3 km2, where 37x10m3 water is accumulated. The lake fills with water from total surface of 92 km2, and the rivers that are entering directly to the lake are Leunovska, Nikiforovska, Bogdevska, Gornokraiska, Kacacka, then the water from region of upper Radika (Crn Kamen, Stirovica, Brodecka, Krakornica, Bogdevska, Vrbenska and Adzina River) with total drainage surface of 321 km2, and the system Å¡arski Vodi with (Novoselska, Ulivericka, Kamenjanska, Jelovska and mazdraca), with total drainage surface 513 km2 , also the water from Belchica River with total drainage surface of 19.6 km2. The water from this lake is used for different purposes but mainly for energy production, tourism, fishing and irrigation. River Crn Drim flows out of the Ohrid Lake at 695 meters above sea level, and leaves Macedonia near the town of Debar on 476 meters altitude. On territory of the Republic of Macedonia, River Crn Drim has a length of 56 kilometers. River Radica springs at 2200 meters altitude below Vraca. From spring to estuary in Debar Lake River is 67 km long. On this course it receives four tributaries including: Ribnica, Mavrovska, Zhirovnichka and Mala River. Radica has clean, clear and cool water with dark green color as a consequence of calcium carbonate in it. The nearest watercourses to the section Boshkov Most – Debar are: Lake Debar and River Radica (distance of the road to the mentioned water bodies varies between ~10m to ~100m). Biodiversity The flora and fauna in the surrounding of this section is mainly represented by Oak forest (approximate distance from road section envisaged for rehabilitation varies from few meters up to hundred meters): - Oak forest Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 10 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report The "Oak region" is distributed within lowlands and highlands to 1,100 m asl. The average annual temperature in this region ranges from 9 - 14.2°C, and the average precipitations 500 – 850 mm. The prevailing soil type is cinnamon-coloured forest soils, but other soil types are also locally present (e.g., red podzolic soils (terra rossa), chernozem, pseudogley - gley, luvic, brown podzolic etc.). Climate –zonal Oakforests dominate in these regions, mixed with orographically - edaphically and hydrologically conditioned Chestnut, Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Maple (Acer sp.), Poplar (Populussp.), Willow (Salix sp.) etc. in places. With respect to vertebrate fauna, typical inhabitants of this region are eastern Mediterranean and Syrian boreal species such as: Balkan whip snake (Coluber gemonensis ), Fallow deer (Dama dama), Eastern hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor ), Weasel (Mustelanivalis), Balkan spadefoottoad (Pelobatessyriacus balcanicus), Greenwoodpecker (Picus viridis), Cat snake (Telescopusfallax), Wormsnake (Typhlopsvermicularis) etc. In immediate surrounding of the subject road section National Park Mavrovo is situated. Most of vertebrata species given above are protected in the frame of National Park Mavrovo. Construction materials Since only rehabilitation activities are planned for this section (part of existing state road A3), no active processing of raw materials are envisgaed on the temporary construction sites. The basic construction materials to be used are bitumen emulsion, sand, asphalt - concrete layer, etc. The proposed locations of borrow pits, waste disposal sites, asphalt plant, locations for temporary storage of construction material, are presented on Figure 3. . Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 11 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report Figure 2 Proposed locations of borrow pit, asphalt base, landfill and location for temporary storage of construction material Construction marterials - Contractor should use from the existing borrow pit near the subject section (as shown on figure 3. Negative impact upon environmental areas and media will be avoided and minimized trough use of material from the existing borrow pit which possess concession and environmental permit issued by the competent authority (Ministry of Economy and MoEPP). The amount, type of construction materials will be determined in detailed design, in accordance to the conducted geotechnical surveys. During construction activities small amount of construction waste (removed asphalt layer, earthen material from clearance of culverts) will be generated. This waste will be disposed in to the existing landfill (landfill Krivci), near section in the municipality of Debar, which is on distance around 3 km from final chainage of the section Boshkov Most - Debar. Figure 4 Excavation of sand from River Radika (along the road section Boskov Most - Debar On this landfill the amount of deposited municipal and inert waste is 150.000 m3. The amount of generated construction waste will be defined in the Detailed Design. Proposed location of asphalt plant as its shown on the Figure 3 is near the subject section - asphalt plant TITAN which has obtained environmental permit, issued by the competent authority – MOEPP. Location for temporary storage of construction material is after the asphalt plant near the bridge across Radica river/Debar lake (main access to city of Debar), aproximately 2km from villages of Dolno Kosovrasti (1.96km) and Rajchica (2.16km). Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 12 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report Contractor for the foreseen rehabilitation activities will prepare plan for the organization of the work in which will be defined time dinamyc and way of realization of construction activities: supply of construction material, way of implementation, amounts, quantities etc. In this Plan the Contractor should also define the location of the affiliated facilities (asphalt plant if any, access roads if any etc.) and indicate whether there are any environmental sensitive in the vicinity of those facilities, which might require additional mitigation measures. Social infrastructure Social infrastructure includes the existing educational, health, social institutions, where the citizens are able to satisfy their educational, health, cultural, and other needs. The existing of these institutions and good connections between them contribute for satisfying the needs of the population in their municipality. Education Inside the borders of the municipality Mavrovo and RostuÅ¡a there are 15 elementary schools in 15 settlements and 1 high school. The elementary education process is realized in 4 elementary and 11 district schools. The rest of the settlements either don’t have pupils, either there are temporary inhabitants during the weekends or the summer months. The municipality contains good network of school buildings, although some of them are in very bad condition, such as the school building in Nistrovo where new building is necessary, also in the village RostuÅ¡e the situation is similar. The following elementary schools are present on the territory of municipality Mavrovo and RostuÅ¡a:  ES "Danće Dejanovski Dence" in Mavrovi Anovi with district schools in these villages Mavrovo, Nistorvo, Vrben and Duf;  ES "Josip Broz Tito" in the village Zirovnica with district school buildings in Vrbjane and ViduÅ¡e;  ES "Blaze Koneski" in village Skudrinje with district school buildings in Prisojnica and Adzievcivо;  ES "Gjorgji Puleski in RostuÅ¡e" with district school buildings in Velebrdo, Trebeniste and Janće. On the territory of municipality of Mavrovo and Rostusa, there is not any high school. The educational process for high school pupils is implemented in “Panće Popovskiâ€? high school from Gostivar, which has units in RostuÅ¡e. Most of the pupils are continuing their further education in this school, but the rest of them for further education are going to the neighboring municipalities such as Gostivar, Debar and Skopje. The pupils from the region near the village RostuÅ¡e, for their further education are going mostly in RostuÅ¡e and Debar and the pupils from the part near the Lake Mavrovo are going mostly in Gostivar. In Municipality of Debar the foundation, funding and administrating of the primary and high schools is in cooperation with central authorities. The next elementary schools are present on the territory of municipality of Debar:  ES "Bratstvo-Edinstvo" – Debar  ES "Sait Najdeni" – Debar  ES "Bratstvo-Edinstvo" – DzepiÅ¡te Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 13 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report  ES "Riste Ristevski" – Dolno Kosovrasti  ES "Riste Ristevski" – MogorÄ?e On the territory of this municipality there is one high school “Zdravko Chochovski“ – Mogorche. Health institutions On the territory of Mavrovo and RostuÅ¡a municipality ambulance objects are present in the following villages: Prisojnica, Skudrinje, TrebeniÅ¡ta, Žirovnica and Mavrovo, while in RostuÅ¡e is located Public Health Organization , D-r Ruse Boskovski. Most of these objects are built before 1990, so there is a need for their maintenance. The only object built after 1990 is the ambulance in Vrbjani village, where more than 2 years there is no any medical staff, so the people are looking for medical help in RostuÅ¡e. The ambulance in village Prisojnica is also not operational. In Mavrovo the building is divided on 3 sectors: general medicine, dental medicine and laboratory, from which only the part for the general medicine is active. Most of the people are going in the neighbouring sites for medical care. For example only Žirovnica has a pharmacist. In the Municipality of Debar there is one Public Health Institution – General Hospital Debar, and one Health Center – Debar, and several private health centers. Industrial facilities In the Municipality Mavrovo and RostuÅ¡a there are no developed industrial or mining sectors. The reason for that partly is because the great part of the municipality is located within the boundaries of National Park “Mavrovoâ€?, area which is under protection and where economic development and activities are limited. The activities of the industrial objects which were active during the Former Yugoslavia as well as the activities of the objects which are still active are presented below. During the period of Yugoslavia, in the settlements which were part of the municipality Mavrovi Anovi and RostuÅ¡e there were 10 industrial entities located in the area which belongs to the river Radika watershed. Especially famous were 2 textile factories in Skurinje and RostuÅ¡e. In village Skudrinje there was a factory for production and trade with textile “Unityâ€?, which started working in 1946. This capacity had more than 600 employees. Main activity was production of textile for the market in Yugoslavia. Today this factory is not operational, although it is possible to resume its operation in the future, in this village there is only one active factory with main activity being wood cutting and furniture making. In the village RostuÅ¡e there was one factory “Bratstvoâ€?, with main activity being production and trading of textile. The factory started working in 1947 as a trading company. After that in 1983 new capacity was built in order to improve the finalization of the products. This factory had 250 employee, the products were sold out to many foreign markets beside the market in Yugoslavia. Today this factory is not operational, except one part which is used for production of bottled water and juices. In Žirovnica there is a factory for wood processing. Presently the factory does not function, although with the expected future change of the ownership, there is a possibility to resume the operation. In Velebrdo there is a train brakes factory which was a part of Metalski Zavod Tito from Skopje, which currently does not work. Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 14 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report Major commercial facility in the municipality of Debar is the plant for plaster processing "Knauf Radika" AD with mine excavation of gypsum and HPP "Spilje". Knauf Radika has 190 employees and yearly production capacities of 13 million m2 gypsum-carton and 200.000 tons of gypsum products (cements). The production is mainly (85 %) oriented towards neighboring countries: Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Albania, Kosovo and 15 % in Macedonia. Demography On the territory of Mavrovo and RostuÅ¡a municipality there are 8,618 people. Whit 11.9 people on a km2, which means that this is a place not density populated, especially compared to the average density in the country being about 80 people on km2. There are 42 settlements in this municipality, from which 36 are within the borders of the protected area NP Mavrovo. The total number of houses is 4,776, from which 1,969 or 41,2% are residential and currently inhabited, and the rest are abandoned or their owners are living abroad. The total number of people according to the census of 2002 is 8,698, from which 4,297 or 49,4% are male and 4,323 or 50,6% are female. The analysis of the population age structure indicates the economic potential in certain areas. For example, the areas with populations that have high percentage of young people, have high economic potential and positive factor on human resources, compared to the areas where older people dominate, because the presence of young people means better educational level and high potential for everyday activities. This is visible in the population structure in the area, where 2,288 or 26,3% are persons at the age under 15, and 2,257 or 25,9% are capable for work. Regarding the educational structure, the analysis shows that the majority of population (51,7%) has only elementary school, 33,4% has secondary school and 7,4% of people has not literate. The level of unemployment is high with 49%, and the families with only one employee contribute with 27%. These are the main reasons for the high rate of migrations from villages to towns, which were much more significant in the early period after the Second World War also between 1970 and 1990 high number of people left the country for Europe and the USA. According to the religious structure analysis, the dominant group is represented by Muslims with 7,506 or about 87%. About 50% of the people are Macedonians, 31% Turks, and 17% Albanians. According to the census from 2002, the municipality of Debar has a total of 19.542 citizens with population density of 134.15 per km2. The number of citizens per settlements is given in the table below: Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 15 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report Table 1 Number of citizens per settlements2 BaniÅ¡te 90 Bomovo 0 Gari 10 GornoKosovrasti 818 Debar 14.561 DolnoKosovrasti 813 Konjari 0 Krivci 9 MogorÄ?e 1.794 Osoj 6 OtiÅ¡ani 530 RajÄ?ica 131 Selokukji 104 Spas 32 Tatar Elevci 10 Trnanikj 0 Hame 135 DzepiÅ¡te 499 Municipality of Debar 19.542 From the data presented in the Table 1, some of the settlements are completely displaced. The main reason for this occurrence is due the fact of the difficult economic condition. In the past years migration was on relations: villages-towns or city-city, but in present significant displacement of the citizens in other countries is present. According the ethnic affiliation, the greatest number of the population are Albanians (11.348) or 58.07 % of the total citizens in the municipality. The other citizens are presented in smaller percent, Macedonians (20.01 %), Turks (13.73 %) Roma (5.53) and others (2.66 %) belongs to the ethnic groups: Serbs, Bosniak, Vlach. The population which mother language is Macedonian are declaring as Turks, and for this reason in 2002 census, there were 30.69 %. Number of rural population compared with the urban population in Debar amounts 4.981 citizens (25.5 %) versus 14.561 citizens (74.5 %). The distribution of population according age is shown in the Table 2. Table 2 Distribution of the population by age Age 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 Municipality of 1.472 1.884 1.988 1.943 1.709 1.564 1.456 1.469 1.368 1.181 Debar Age 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ Unknown Municipality of 858 576 661 566 399 240 124 64 20 Debar Representation of the number of population which is at working age (active and idle) in Debar municipality is given in Table 3. 2 State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 16 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report Table 2 Population in municipality of Debar according age, more than 15 years old which are active Economic active Economic active - Economic active - Economic active - and Economic active Total Employed Unemployed Economic idle Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 6.777 6.913 3.799 2.026 1.770 647 2.029 1.379 2.978 4.887 The number of total economic active people is 5.825 or 42.55 % from the total population at age of 15 years and more. Number of employed population is 2.417 or 17.65 % from the total over 15 years. The percent of economic active and employed population is exceptional, and it could be perceived that the socio-economic conditions in this municipality are very low. The activities and occupations of the citizens of Debar municipality are shown in Table 4. Table 3 Population at age of 15 and more, according activities and occupation Activity and occupation Total Population Economic active persons which perform profession 2.417 Members of legislation, state officials, managers, diplomats 91 and principals Experts and scientists 492 Technicians and related occupations 326 Civil servant 177 Employees in services, stores and bazaar sales 396 Skilled workers in agricultural sector, hunting, forestry and 35 fishery Mining and constructing occupations for nonindustrial methods 267 of work in manufacturing Handlers and builders of machinery and installations 134 Basic occupations 443 Armed forces 39 The city population in the municipality is mainly involved in the sectors: commerce, manufacturing and services, and the population from the rural areas are working in the agricultural field, forestry, and livestock. Table 4 Activities and professions of the citizens Activities and professions of the citizens Total population Unknown occupation 17 Economic active, persons which are not doing any occupation 3.408 Economic idle 7.865 Total population in municipality of Debar 13.690 Tourism The role of the Mavrovo National Park for the Macedonian national tourism is significant. Mavrovo National Park, after Ohrid and Skopje, can be considered as the third most significant tourist region in the country. The two main factors determine the tourism development in the area: Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 17 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report ï‚· The presence of the ski center Mavrovo, biggest in the country, very attractive for the visitors from the regional Balkan countries in the winter period where is also the highest number of hotels on the territory. ï‚· High number of villas, most of them around Mavrovo Lake, but also in the other urbanized parts of the territory. As was determined by the Study for valorization of the protected area Mavrovo, the area offers wide varieties of accommodation options, namely: 18 hotels, 7 resorts, 5 motels, 400 rooms and about 2000 beds. Higher concentration of tourists is noticed around Mavrovo. For the upper part, with rather isolated villages, the move outs are very often, the tourists visit the area mostly during the summer. Exception from this can be noticed for the monastery St. Jovan Bigorski, which is a big attraction at the local and international level. This sanctuary is visited mostly for religious and cultural reasons. In the field of tourism in the municipality of Debar the spa tourism is present with the Health resort "Debarski Banji - CAPA" (private health care organization), with more than 150 employees and accommodation capacity of 700 beds deployed in the nearby hotels and villages: Kosovrasti and BanjiÅ¡te, and this complex also includes the hotel "Venec", located in downtown region. Thermo-mineral waters are distinguished by their characteristics and they are listed among the most recognized and healing waters in Europe, useful for treating various diseases. About 4 km east of Debar, near the village Rajcica, is located the well-known cave, Alce. The cave is mostly composed of reserves of plaster, filled with plaster crystals. The crystals are transparent with cracks in two directions and expressed sized, long and up to 7 m, so it is an exceptional beauty. Cultural values Leunovo - The village Leunovo is located at 1500 m above sea level, on the edges of the former Mavrovo field, on the bank of the Mavrovo Lake. This village is almost completely empty and is visited seasonally. In the village there is a church St. Mari, which is a saint’s day for the village and in t hat period visitors are going there in order to maintain the tradition. Dolnomalski grobishta - This place is a location of middle age church. About 2 km west from the village, near the graveyards there are foundations from an object built with stone and limestone mortar, with east-west orientation, which indicates the presence of an old church as cultural asset (Archeological map 1996:113; Graveyards). Gjonovica - Locality with a middle age settlement. The place is located 4 km north-west from the village, over the bank of the Mavrovo Lake, is protected as cultural asset and surrounded by fenced zone. According to local legends, this location was an old village (Archeological map 1996: 113; Gjonovica). Suvodol - Area where middle age church and necropolis have been discovered. About 500m north-east from the village, near the lake from the left side of the road to Gostivar, foundations of a small church as cultural asset are noticeable. Near to this there is necropolis (Archeological map 1996: 113; Suv dol). Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 18 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report Location St.Nikola - Location in Mavrovo where necropolis from the late middle age was discovered. This location is near the village church St.Nikola, and under the road there are stone plates from graves and archaic crosses, made from limestone. On the territory of Municipality of Debar several archaeological sites can be found, such as: medieval church and necropolis “Krastaâ€?, medieval church and necropolis “Elicaâ€?, medieval necropolis “Rovâ€?, medieval necropolis “Arbinovciâ€?, medieval road “Star Patâ€?, medieval fortress “Zagradishtaâ€?. Also in the Municipality of Debar several Orthodox churches were built, such as: Churches “St. Demetriusâ€?, “St.Johnâ€? and â€?St.Ilija" in the village. Banjishte, church "Sv. Nicholaâ€? in the village Dolno Kosovrasti, church “Assumption of the Virgin Maryâ€? in the village Gari, than Churches “St. Varvaraâ€?, “St. Anastasijâ€? and “St. Dimitrijâ€? in the village Rajchica. In the village Rajchica, female monastery dedicated to "St.George the Victorious" has been established. This monastery is constructed in the middle of the 19th Century and its significance is worldwide. This monastery was built in the mid-19th century, it`s most important known worldwide and is reflected in the development of Mithra, which carry orthodox priests in Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and other Orthodox churches. Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 19 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report 5. Environmental impacts This sub-project (road section Boshkov Most – Debar) will be implemented on existing road, only rehabilitation activities are foreseen, without any widening of the road section. Impacts on environmental media and areas will occur in two phases (construction/rehabilitation and operation). Most of environmental impacts will occur during construction phase (rehabilitation works). Therefore, environmental management in the construction phase is the main content of this ESAR. The following impacts are expected during rehabilitation: - fugitive emission of dust from the construction activities; - emission of exhaust gasses from the construction machinery; - solid, and waste from construction; - waste water produced by construction workers; - noise and vibrations from the construction machinery; The following impacts are expected in the operational phase: - exhaust gasses from mobile sources (vehicles); - storm water; - noise. 5.1 Air emissions Constructive phase (rehabilitation) Emission of harmful pollutants in to the air is expected during the process of rehabilitation and exploitation of road section. During the process of rehabilitation of road section i.e. scraping of the old pavement and its removal, clearing of the drainage culverts, ditches, operation of construction mechanization and transport of construction material and construction waste, the following air emissions are expected to occur: fugitive emission of dust from clearing the section, emission of exhaust gasses from mobile sources of pollution - construction machinery and fugitive emissions of volatile organic compounds from applying bituminous emulsion and asphalt mixture. During the construction activities on the section, the dust emitted from the mechanical operation of construction machinery and combustion of fuel affects the nearby and distant environment depending on the size (aerodynamic diameter of the particles), as well as the weather conditions during the period of activities. The impact of the fugitive dust emission will be additionally intensified by the emission of exhaust gasses from the construction machinery. The fine dust, i.e. inhalable particles with diameter D≤2.5μm that are created during combustion of fuel in motor vehicles are transffered at a greater distance and have a chemical composition, i.e. contain organic compounds and heavy metals, which has negative impact on the human health and the environment. Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 20 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report The following table presents the limits and margin of tolerance for suspended dust with a diameter of 10 micrometers PM10, according to the National Plan for protection of ambient air in the Republic of Macedonia and relevant sub law acts, which was prepared in accordance with transposed EU legislation. Table 5 Limits and margin of tolerance for suspended dust PM10 Polluting Average Limited Allowed number of Margin of Limited Threshold of alert substance period value to be exceeding during the tolerance for value for reached in year 2012. 2010 2010 24 hours 50 µg/m3 35 0 µg/m3 50 µg/m3 PM10 1 year 40 µg/m3 0 0 µg/m3 40 µg/m3 The fugitive emission of volatile organic components from the use of bitumenous emulsion and asphalt mixture will have less influence, because these compounds are easily evaporative and retain shortly in the air. Gasses and pollutants are emitted in the ambient air through the system for disposal of waste gases, from vehicles and construction machinery on-site. The quantity and composition of exhaust gases depends on several parameters such as the type and age of vehicle, the performance of vehicle, the type of used fuel, features of the fuel in the distribution network, the presence of additives, the degree of combustion of fuel, etc. SO2, CO2, H2O and aromatic hydrocarbons occur during the complete combustion of fuel, while Pb 2O3, etc. occur when using catalysts. CO, hydrocarbons, suspended dust, etc. occur during the incomplete combustion of fuel. During a long-term exposure to these toxic substances, they have negative effect on the human health. The smoke affects the respiratory organs and the skin, the lead affects the respiratory and central nervous system as well as the blood system and bones. The particles that occur during the process of fuel combustion also have a carcinogenic effect. The following table presents the limit values for the pollutants from construction machines, in accordance with the Directive 97/68/EC: Table 6 Limit values for pollutants emitted by the construction machinery (Directive 97/68/EC) Motor power CO (g/kWh) HC(g/kWh) NOx (g/kWh) PT(PM) (g/kWh) 130 ≤ P ≤ 560 5.0 1.3 9.2 0.54 75 ≤ P ≤ 130 5.0 1.3 9.2 0.7 37 ≤ P ≤ 75 6.5 1.3 9.2 0.85 The geomorphological and weather conditions have influence on the concentration of emitted pollutants in the air i.e. the pollution of the ambient air in the region. Operational phase In operational phase effect on the air quality will occur during traffic on road section. Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 21 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report The subject road section Boshkov Most – Debar is already existing part of the regional road R1202, where the traffic had influenced air quality for decades, therefore there is not expected additional effects on the air quality. 5.2 Water pollution Constructive phase (rehabilitation) During rehabilitation of the road section the water pollution can be physical, chemical and biological. The physical pollution is manifested through presence of solid particles from debris of soil and sand, solid particles from tire friction, debris from crashes, etc. The presence of grease and oils are source for physical pollution of ground waters. By washing out the road surface, solid particles precipitate in the culverts, gutters and drains where they can cause blockage, while grease and oils float on the surface and reach in to the receptors. They create a film that prevents the supply of oxygen in the watercourse, which prevents the normal development of the biolife in the receptor. The chemical pollution occurs as a result of dilution of the pollutants present in the air. These pollutants are result of the exhaust gasses from vehicles, emission of pollutants from the nearby industrial and processing facilities, dissolution of individual components from the surrounding land, from the use of agrochemical substances and pesticides, animal and plant waste. The chemical pollution can be manifested as strong–acidic, weak–acidic neutral environment and all variations from strong–base to strong–acidic environment. The biological pollution is result of disintegration of organic materials , used as food for various microorganisms. They can be a result of thrown food from reckless traffic participants, wind-blown leaves and other biodegradable waste, organic wastes, feathers and other substances that are present in the immediate surrounding. The mechanical contaminants from the washing of the road and ground during heavy rainfall can cause filling of the riverbeds and water turbidity, which will reduce the penetration of light and change of the living conditions in the aquifer. The change of the surface and underground water quality also affect the usual use of water for different purposes by the population and industrial capacities. The most dangerous pollutants for surface and underground waters are persistent organic components and harmful metal compounds. Near the road section Boshkov Most – Debar are Debar Lake and river Radica. But with implementation of good construction practice and procedure for collection of accidental fuel spillages from the construction mechanization the impacts to near surface water and underground waters will be insignificant. Operational phase Regular control and maintenance of drainage structures shall be conducted to check they do not become overwhelmed with debris or sediments. 5.3 Waste generation The waste management is one of the most serious environmental problems in the Republic of Macedonia. The regular waste collection service is limited only to the urban areas, and very little attention is paid to the rural areas, 70% of the total urban population receives regular waste collection service and only 20% of the population in rural areas is covered by the service. Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 22 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report The municipal waste management is entirely controlled by the local government. It is directly connected with the urban plans for use of the local land and should be in accordance with the national strategic documents – the National Plan for Waste Management and the National Strategy for Waste Management as well as other relevant documents. Proper waste management according to the generally accepted international norms will reduce the waste impact on soil (through uncontrolled waste dumping), underground water (directly contaminated over time from uncontrolled waste disposal) and air (through waste burning on open air). Public Utility Company (PUC) "Standard" Debar is responsible for the collection and disposal of municipal waste for the settlements in municipality of Debar. Constructive phase (rehabilitation) During the construction phase (rehabilitation) of the road section mixed municipal waste will be generated from the employees and construction waste from the foreseen rehabilitation activities. Figure 5 Current state of the road section Boskov Most - Debar Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 23 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report According to the Law on Waste Management ("Official Gazette of RM" No. 09/11), the generators of waste shall, to the greatest extent possible, avoid waste generation and reduce the harmful effects of waste on the environment, life and human health. The waste generators are responsible to sign separate agreement for collection and transportation of the waste with waste service provider Public Utility Company (PUC) "Standard" Debar. The wastes will be transported by specialized vehicles designed for waste transportation, and disposed on the nearest landfill, i.e. landfill "Krivci" in Debar. The types of waste that will be generated during the construction phase of road section as well as the managing method for the different types of waste are presented in the following table: Table 7 Types of waste and quantities Phase No. Type of waste Number from the Amount of waste Method of waste management Name of the legal entity List of waste per year expressed (processing, storage, transfer, that manages the waste types (Official in tones or liters disposal, etc.) and location for Gazette disposal of waste no.100/2005) (landfill) 1 Mixed municipal 20 03 01 Cannot be Temporary disposal in PVC PUC "Standard" waste determined at bags, to its removal in Debar this phase containers located nearby PUC "Standard" 2 Soil contaminated 17 05 05* Cannot be Storage and disposal to Debar by eventual determined (only nearest landfill (near v.Krivci) Construction phase leakage of oil in an emergency) from the construction machinery PUC "Standard" 3 Construction 17 03 02 Cannot be Disposal to nearest landfill Debar debris determined at this (near v.Krivci) (Depending on phase the Detailed Design) *Hazardous waste according to the List of waste types (“Official Gazette of RM“No.100/05) Operational phase During the operational phase of the road section adverse impacts on the environment are not expected, only small amount of organic waste is expected (from clearance of the culverts), which waste will be collected from institution responsible for maintenance of this road section. 5.4 Soil contamination The impacts on the soil during the construction phase of road section Boshkov Most - Debar are expected to be mitigated with proper implementation of measures for protection of the soil during construction. Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 24 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report Construction phase (rehabilitation) During rehabilitation activities, following impacts can be expected: - Emission of dust from transport of waste, construction materials and activities; - Emission of exhaust gasses from the construction machinery that will be present on the site; - Leakage of fuel and lubricants from the construction machinery engaged during the construction activities, which may affect the soil and also cause a pollution of underground waters; - Pollution of surface and underground water and soil might occur in the case of accident. At the site the Contractor shall introduce good construction practice to prevent bitumen entering channels or disposed into ditches or any waste disposal site, to develop procedure for protection against spills (any spill to be immediately cleaned up) and for proper handling of contaminated soil according to legal environmental requirements. The bitumen storage and mixing area must be confined, gravel or sand covered and effectively protected against spills. The environmental permit (IPPC) issued to the proposed asphalt plant by MoEPP requires the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures, including setting the Maximum Permissible Volumes (MPV) for emissions into air, soil and water to be in accordance with BREFs – Best Available Techniques (BAT) reference documents. According to Article 14(3) of the IED (Industrial Emissions Directive (IED, 2010/75/EU), BAT conclusions shall be the reference for setting the permit conditions to installations covered by the Directive. Operational phase During the operational phase adverse impacts on the soil are not expected, only spills of oil, lubricants etc., in case of accident can occur. In phase of Detailed Design the Designer to consider the option for design of oil traps along the section, according to the conducted additional terrain investigations for technical features of culverts and drainage system. 5.5 Noise, vibration and non-ionizing radiation Construction phase (rehabilitation) During the constructive phase of the road section, the maximum allowed noise levels will be partially exceeded. The noise that will occur during the construction phase of the road section Boshkov Most - Debar appears as a result of the operation of construction machinery that will be engaged during the construction phase, i.e. vehicles for delivery and transportation of construction materials, construction waste and the machinery used for construction activities. The significance of the impact will depend mostly on the type of equipment, and technical features of the construction machinery. The distance from populated areas, geological conditions and terrain configuration are crucial for the noise impacts on humans and the environment. The meteorological conditions have a great influence on the noise intensity and air shocks. The air shocks are influenced by the wind direction and speed, while the sound spreading is influenced by the wind speed and Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 25 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report temperature in a function of height and configuration of the terrain. The wind has effect on the increasing of the sound intensity, i.e. the increasing of sound intensity is almost always in the direction of the wind. The influence of the wind on the noise intensity is highest during the winter. The positioning of road section Boshkov Most - Debar and the distance from the nearest receptors - households, etc. is crucial for the noise impact on the environment. The nearest settlement to the subject road section is village Rajcica, located at a distance of ~20 to 100 m from the subject road (route). Table 9 presents the list of sources of noise, vibration and non-ionizing radiation. Table 8 List of sources of noise, vibration and non-ionizing radiation Source of Type of emission Equipment - Emitted noise Intensity of Emission periods emission (noise, vibration or device with a intensity (dB) vibrations and (number of hours non-ionizing description of the expressed through non-ionizing per day) radiation) maximum power index value of the emitted radiation equipment Heavy vehicles Noise Bulldozer Dredger 85 dB / 8 Track The data and comparative analysis are showing that the level of noise during the construction phase will exceed the limit values, i.e. the noise will have a negative impact on the environment. The noise intensity and its impact on the environment will depend on the scope and duration of construction activities. However, it should be taken into consideration that this section does not pass through any settlement or sensitive receptors of noise, therefore, the noise mitigation measures can be easily identified. The limit values for the basic indicators of noise in environment are defined with the Rulebook for limit values of the noise level ( “Official Gazette of RM“No.147/08). According to the degree of protection from noise, the limit values for the basic indicators of noise in environment caused by different sources should not be higher than: Table 9 Noise level per area Noise level expressed in Area differentiated by the degree of noise dB (A) protection Ld Lv Ln Area of first degree 50 50 40 Area of second degree 55 55 45 Area of third degree 60 60 55 Area of fourth degree 70 70 60 Legend: -Ld - day (period from 07:00h to 19:00h), -Lv - evening (period from 19:00h to 23:00h), -Ln - night (period from 23:00h to 07:00h). Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 26 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report The areas according to the degree of noise protection are defined in the Rulebook for locations of measurement stations and measuring points (Official Gazette of RM no.120/08). Area of I degree of noise protection is area intended for tourism and recreation, area nearby hospitals, areas of national parks and natural reserves. Area of II degree of noise protection is area that is primarily intended for residence, i.e. residential region, area nearby buildings designed for educational activity, facilities for social protection intended for accommodation of children and elder persons, facilities for primary health protection, area of playgrounds and public parks, area of public greenery spaces and recreational area, areas of local parks. Area of III degree of noise protection is area where activities in the surroundings are allowed and the causing of noise is less considered: trade–business–residential area, which is also designed for accommodation, i.e. area with buildings that have protected spaces, crafts and related production activities (mixed area), area designed for agriculture activities and public centers for administrative, commercial, service and catering activities. Area of IV degree of noise protection is area where activities in the surroundings are allowed, which can cause interference with noise, area without apartments, designed for industrial and crafts or other similar production activities, transport activities, storage activities, service and communal activities that are causing bigger noise. According to the degree of noise protection parts of the project falls under the II, II and IVth degree of noise protection as given above. There are no settlement and sensitive areas in the vicinity of the subject section. Due to that fact no expected negative impacts as a result of noise are expected to occur as the result from the construction/rehabilitation activities on the section. During the construction activities vibrations will be caused by the activities of the construction and the transport mechanization. Operational phase With the rehabilitation of the section i.e. setting of new asphalt layer, decrease the existing noise levels along the road section is expected. Regardless of the expected decrease of noise levels in phase of Detail Design it is necessary to do measurements of noise levels and on base of measurement results and propagation models will be determined whether there is need for design of noise barriers. During the construction activities vibrations will be caused by the activities of the construction and the transport mechanization. 5.6 Biodiversity (flora and fauna) With realization of the foreseen project activities on the section, impacts on flora and fauna will be insignificant since only rehabilitation on this section is planned, so no vegetation clearance is planned/expected. The project area is not passing through any environmental protected zone or in the area proposed for protection. Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 27 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report Construction phase (rehabilitation) At the design and construction phase, with the use of construction mechanization some negative impacts are expected, such as increased noise and vibration intensity and increased quantities of exhaust gasses. Contractor should be in regular and permanent contact with local self-government and NP Mavrovo authorities in order to be able to fulfil any mitigation and safety measures regarding the wellbeing of species which can be affected by construction activities. Operational phase Traffic noise and exhaust emissions from fuels will certainly occur in the operational phase. But it is important to mention that the impacts are expected during the operational phase are already present and occurring in the daily use of the subject road section. It should be mentioned that impacts expected during exploitation phase are already present and occurring in daily use of the road section. Bigger increase of traffic is not expected since this is the only way/road that connects cities of Ohrid and Resen. With rehabilitation it is expected that current impacts on environment will be mitigated through new pavement and rehabilitation of culverts and drainage structures, road safety will be drastically increased so positive impact on local population is expected Contractor should make an effort for consultation with local self-government and NP Mavrovo authorities in order to be able to fulfil any mitigation and safety measures within Detail Design regarding possible affected species from the operation/function of road section (possible design of animal overpasses of protective fence). 5.7 Social impacts The project does not acquire the land acquisition therefore there are not any social impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement issues. During rehabilitation activities some health issues for the local population may emerge due to increased noise, fugitive emission of dust, exhaust gases etc., and occupational, health and safety issues for the employees. Daily habits of the local population (using the route for transport of goods, access to properties etc.) could be potentially disturbed during rehabilitation activities, so Traffic Management Plan should be prepared by the Contractor for regulation of traffic during these activities. In general social impacts will be positive due to the rehabilitation process, traffic conditions will be improved and traffic safety will be increased. 6. Environmental and social management plan The main mitigation activities are described in Table 11. Since this is a project for road rehabilitation, good practice and standard mitigation measures are required along the road. Mitigation Plan identifies the environmental impacts during construction (rehabilitation) and operational phase, mitigation measures, costs and responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures. Mitigation is an integral Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 28 Public Enterprise for State Roads Environmental and Social Assessment Report part of impact evaluation. It looks the better ways of taking actions so that the negative impacts are eliminated or minimized. Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 29 Environmental and Social Assessment Report Table 10 Mitigation Plan Issue Mitigation measures Cost Institutional Responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate Phase Decision for Preparation of Notification for preparation of intention of project conduction Environmental and its submission to the Impact competent authority - MOEPP; MOEPP will make decision if EIA Assessment construction of underpasses Engaged Study or Environmental Impact Detailed Report or EIA for wildlife on certain parts of N.A. N.A. Consultant PESR/MOEPP Assessment Report is required; design Study the section within the Detailed with PESR PESR/Consultant will respect the design which approval has to decision. be given by PESR according to the ToR; Costs in this phase cannot be precisely estimated, additional Soil, surface & surveys of the condition and Detailed BoQ of Engaged Contractor/ underground Possible Design of oil traps N.A. technical features of culverts Design DD Consultant PESR water pollution together with drainage system should be conducted by hydraulic engineer Ensuring that the materials During preparation of detailed are purchased from the sites design the consultants shall which have all necessary confirm the proposed locations for licenses and permits borrow pits, landfills, according to the geology, hydrology etc., costs Air pollution, Detailed Appropriate selection of the will be included in overall costs for landscape Design locations of Contractor/ Detailed Design. There shall be disturbance etc. PESR/Contr /or - borrow pits (near PESR/Local Self provision that the Contractor is from borrow pits, actor Construction the road section – Government obliged to obtain all relevant waste disposal sites phase existing ones – near environmental permits issued by MoEPP regarding borrow pits, river Radika and the waste disposal sites prior to start of surroundings), rehabilitation activities.. - location of waste In case the consultant to suggest disposal sites some other sites, the EA/EMP Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 30 Environmental and Social Assessment Report (landfill Krivci) etc. should be amended for the so all negative environmental analyses of the impacts to be newly proposed borrow areas. The contractor shall make all avoided or necessary arrangements for using minimized the waste disposal sites identified as acceptable by the EA/EMP. The contractor will provide: Traffic plans to be approved by - information to the public road police. Road police should about the scope and also assist in law enforcement. schedule of construction activities and expected Traffic safety disruptions and access Impairment of traffic restrictions during construction - measures to allow for Construction / Endangering of permanent adequate N.A. N.A. Contractor Contractor rehabilitation traffic outside traffic flow around working hours, construction areas; placement of traffic - adequate signalization, signs traffic safety signs, barriers and flag persons for traffic control; - appropriate lighting and well design safety signs Construction / According to the Macedonian Engaged Contractor One of the requirements in the rehabilitation legislation in the field of Consultant TOR for selection of Contractor occupational, health and for could be implementation of safety (Law on occupational, preparation OHSAS 18001 that will enable health and safety - Official of OHS preparation of appropriate Gazette of Republic of Plan/ procedures in terms of accidents, Macedonia“ no. 92/07, 136/11, Contractor fire and chemical spill, and General Work 23/13, 25/13, Law for fire preparation of emergency 1 000 € N.A. Safety protection Official Gazette of responses Republic of Macedonia“ no 67/04, 81/07, Law on protection and rescue – Official Gazette of RM no. 36/04, 49/04, 86/08, 124/10)The Contractor has an obligation to prepare a Plan Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 31 Environmental and Social Assessment Report for Occupational Health and safety for temporary mobile construction sites in which protection measures in a case of accident, fire and chemical spill containment, has to be included such as emergency procedures. Construction / Conduct construction activities rehabilitation with a certain time frame and dynamics i.e. 8 working hours in total, starting from 7 am to 3 pm; Preparation of Plan for organization of construction activities on site; Avoiding the work of the mechanization when not performing task; Use of standardized fuels for machinery; Planning the route and factor for loading Air pollution and unloading is very fugitive emission of important for reducing fuel dust, emission of consumption and emissions of N.A. N.A. Contractor Contractor exhaust gases from exhaust gases and fugitive construction dust emissions; The mechanization Contractor should establish procedure according to the requirements of ISO 14001 in which he will comprehensively describe the planning of the route for transport of construction material, loading, unloading etc., determine approximate locations for storage of construction material, describe the procedures for loading and unloading, depending of the Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 32 Environmental and Social Assessment Report chainage where the rehabilitation activities will start, and engaged construction mechanization; Residents will be informed for construction activities and working hours. Avoiding dust and fugitive emissions through: use of dust control methods, such as covers, water suppression or increased moisture content for open location for storage of materials; Replacing older vehicles with newer; Turn off mechanization when is not necessary. Construction / Organize and cover material Contractor to submit a separate rehabilitation storage areas near the section plan describing the location for on proper location (after the storage of construction material, asphalt plant near the bridge), location of mobile toilets and which shall be cleaned – up, layout for location of his work camp upon completion of the and providing details on the construction works; management of waste, the storage Potential pollution of Considering the fact that the and handling of fuel, diesel, oil soil and project covers only and other toxic / harmful groundwater/ rehabilitation activities and substances contamination of taking into account the costs N.A. N.A. Contractor Contractor surface waters, for asphalt bases, the (potential concrete asphalt and other contamination of similar work will be performed Debar Lake) on the asphalt base TITAN which is located near the subject section. There are watercourses which may be affected from the project activities as river Radika and lake Debar. With good Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 33 Environmental and Social Assessment Report constriction practice and taking into consideration that this road is an existing road with all construction elements for drainage, if an accident occur during this phase the impacts will be reduced to minimum so they will not disturbed the water quality; Washing of the construction mechanization to be done on proper location designated and equipped for such type of activities not on the site; Waste disposal on adequate locations near to the subjected section. The nearest location for waste disposal is nearby v.Krivci; Proper handling of lubricants, fuel; Ensure proper loading and storage of fuel, lubricants and fuel in accordance with adopted BREF Emission from storage (o7.2006) and maintenance of equipment. Construction / Implementation of key 600 € N.A. One of the requirements in the rehabilitation principles for sustainable TOR for selection of Contractor waste management ; should be preparation Placement of appropriate instructions/procedure for waste Waste generation containers for collection of management. Operating costs in (municipal waste municipal waste on location; this phase cannot be determined from engaged Selection of appropriate they depend of specified prices in Contractor Contractor employees, location for temporary the concluded Contracts with construction waste construction waste disposal, physical/legal entities that have etc.) until its disposal to landfill for license for such type of activities inert waste; disposal to landfill for inert waste. Transportation the collected waste to the nearest landfill (near v.Krivci) Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 34 Environmental and Social Assessment Report Construction / The need, type and design of Control of technical features of the rehabilitation noise mitigation measures on construction mechanization the segment passing village Rajcica will be defined by the noise analysis to be implemented as part of the detailed design. General mitigation measures will be implemented: Noise and vibrations from - Limit activities to daylight N.A. N.A. Contractor Contractor construction working hours; activities - Turning off the engines of vehicles and construction machinery when they are not in use; -Informing the local population about the performance of the construction activities in terms of time and location; - Equipment operating with noise mufflers etc. Construction / The Contractor shall use Conditions for selection of rehabilitation existing asphalt plants/or subcontractors for material supply submit requirement for official to be included in the TOR approval or valid operating license to competent authority. Material supply He shall submit a layout plan Asphalt Plant of the site of the mixing plant Dust, fumes, and a method statement on worker's health & handling of bitumen spills prior safety, N.A. N.A. Contractor Contractor to the commencement of ecosystem works. disturbance; At the site the Contractor shall Borrowpits take appropriate provisions Fugitive emission of (good construction practice dust, disturbances meaning: Contractor should of water quality etc. ensure sites are professionally managed, Inform the community, respecting those Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 35 Environmental and Social Assessment Report affected by work activities, Identify and managed environmental issues, attain the highest level of safety performance) to assure that bitumen may not enter into dry or running stream beds or channels nor may it be disposed of in ditches or any waste disposal site, to develop procedure for protection against spills (any spill to be immediately cleaned up) and all contaminated soil must be properly handled according to legal environmental requirements and as per Technical conditions for design of regional roads and highways – Published by PESR of R Macedonia. Contaminated soil should be treated as hazardous waste in accordance with Article 57 (General rules for hazardous waste handling and management) - Law on waste management. The bitumen storage and mixing area within asphalt base must be effectively protected against spill (impermeable tanks which can accept 110% of stored liquids within the storage area in asphalt bases). Given the fact that as an asphalt plant will be used TITAN which has obtained IPPC permit from MOEPP, all activities which cover bitumen Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 36 Environmental and Social Assessment Report storage and mixing area will be performed with appropriate measures for environmental protection contained in IPPC; Contractor should use existing borrow pits near river Radika and the surroundings or buy materials at licensed separation installation (with integrated ecological permit issued by MOEPP/Competent authority) Construction / - Cover truck load; rehabilitation - Wet or cover truck load Establish a dust control Material transport program: In the vicinity of Asphalt (Dust, settlements or where the local fumes) population might be affected Construction through material transport the material contractor will be required to (Dust) regularly water haul routes. Trucks shall be covered to Truck operator minimize dust and material Truck Contractor / PESR spillage. Contractor should N.A. N.A. operator State prepare a plan for traffic Contractor Environmental regulation in order to provide Inspectorate the limit value of the speed of construction mechanization for material transport in accordance to the Law on Public Roads ( No limitations with regard to the route to transport the materials, since there aren’t any sensitive areas.) Construction / Construction site Location of construction rehabilitation (Noise disturbance camps should not be close to N.A. N.A. Contractor Contractor to population and water courses. Contractor to employees). establiseh procedure for Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 37 Environmental and Social Assessment Report collection of generated communal waste and its adequate disposal, so contamination of soil, surface and underground water from inadequate waste management to be avoided.Limit activities to daylight working hours; Equipment operating with noise mufflers. The subject road belongs to area of III and IV degree of noise protection - is area where activities in the surroundings are allowed, which can cause interference with noise, area without apartments, designed for industrial and crafts or other similar production activities, transport activities, storage activities, service and communal activities that are causing bigger noise and on certain parts where the route passes near residential areas belongs to area of III degree of noise protection is area where activities in the surroundings are allowed and the causing of noise is less considered: trade–business– residential area, which is also designed for accommodation, i.e. area with buildings that have protected spaces, crafts and related production activities (mixed area), area designed for agriculture activities and public centers Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 38 Environmental and Social Assessment Report for administrative, commercial, service and catering activities according to the Rulebook for locations of measuring stations and measuring points (“Official Gazette of RM “ No.120/08) and the limit value for this kind of area is 70 dB for day and evening and 60 dB for night and 60 dB for day and evening and 55 dB for night respectively according to the Rulebook for limit values of noise level in environment (“Official Gazette of RM“ No.147/08). Construction / Provide workers with safety The Contractor should appoint an rehabilitation instructions and appropriate environment, health and safety personal protective gear such manager in the Construction as protective clothing, safety Supervision boots, helmets, gloves, construction Team goggles, ear protection, etc.; Personal Preparation of Plan for Worker's safety occupational health and safety N.A. N.A. Contractor Contractor and health for temporary construction mobile sites according to Law on occupational health and safety (“Official Gazette of RM“ no. 92/2007, 136/11, 23/13, 25/13, 137/13) Construction / Preparation of Traffic rehabilitation Disruption of local Management Plan for regulation of traffic during 500 € N.A. Contractor PESR population these activities Increased volume Installation of environmental Costs in this phase cannot be and speed of protective measures: PESR estimated additional surveys has to Operation/ traffic (Emissions - use of standardized fuel N.A N.A Contractor /Maintenance unit be done and measurements for Exploitation of exhaust gases will reduce the emission “Makedonija Patâ€? emitted noise etc. during the from vehicles, further operation of the road Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 39 Environmental and Social Assessment Report increased noise of exhaust gases section. The costs shall be planned levels, water and - the rehabilitation of the within the PESR annual Budgets (if soil quality road will reduce the noise required). (suspended solids, level provoked by the organic compounds, heavy metals, pH) traffic along the road (monitoring of the pollution and apply additional mitigation measures if required) Road safety Maintenance of installed traffic Contractor PESR/ Costs in this phase cannot be Operation/ (Increased vehicle signs for speed limit N.A. N.A Maintenance unit estimated. Exploitation speed) “Makedonija Patâ€? Important note: All applicable costs for mitigation measures envisaged with this ESAR shall be quantified by the Tenderer and shall be part of the Bill of Quantities (BoQ). Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 40 Environmental and Social Assessment Report 7. Monitoring activities It is essential to design the monitoring program and monitoring frequency appropriately in order to be able to demonstrate both the overall performance of the project works as well as the short term impacts due to peak construction activities. More specifically, as the integral and critical part of the ESMP, the environment monitoring program should have the following objectives: ï‚· Determine the actual extent of the impacts; ï‚· Control impacts which are generated from construction process, and operational phase; ï‚· Check environmental pollution standards applied to the project during construction; ï‚· Check and supervise implementation of environmental protection solutions during construction; ï‚· Suggest mitigation measures in case of unexpected impacts; ï‚· Assess the effect of mitigation measures in construction and operation stages. The project will implement an environmental monitoring plan: (i) to monitor the contractor‘s work during project implementation in order to check contractual compliance with specified mitigation measures, and subsequently (ii) to assess the actual environmental impacts of the project over the years following completion of the various project components. The main components of monitoring plan include: - Environmental parameters to be monitored; - Specific areas, locations and parameters to be monitored; - Applicable standards and criteria; - Duration and frequency; - Institutional responsibilities; and - Costs. Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 41 Environmental and Social Assessment Report Table 12 Monitoring Plan Responsibility Cost Phase What parameter is to Where is the parameter How is the parameter to When is the parameter to be monitored? to be monitored? be monitored? be monitored? Frequency Operate Operate Install Install Construction phase Traffic safety Presence of traffic At and near job site on Inspection; Before works start and / Contractor Supervision Safety during management plan at temporary mobile Observation; once a week at peak and Contractor construction site; traffic patterns construction site Comparison with non-peak periods; during Contractor's method construction period statement General Work Existence of Plan for On temporary mobile The status of Every day during / Contractor Supervision Safety occupational health construction site implementation of construction activities Contractor Safety of the and safety for so foreseen measures in State Inspector employees, visitors called temporary the Plan for employees for health and on site mobile construction protection (supply with safety site personal protective equipment etc.) number of injures at work place, appointed person/officer for health and safety on site Air pollution Exhaust fumes At site (near sensitive Visual inspection During operation of the Contractor Supervision (fugitive emission receptors) mechanization Contractor of dust, emission of exhaust gases Dust At site (near sensitive Visual inspection During material delivery, from construction receptors) and other construction mechanization) activities Potential pollution Soil quality At site Visual inspection Periodically during N.A of soil and nearest area for spills construction activities groundwater/ and leaks which might contamination of impact soil quality (and surface water potentially groundwater Contractor Contractor/ Water quality Water bodies within Unannounced sampling, Monitoring should be MOEPP Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 42 Environmental and Social Assessment Report (suspended particles, project area, runoff from analysis at accredited done once prior 100 € oils, pH value, site, material storage laboratories with construction activities and per conductivity etc.) areas necessary equipment once during construction sample activities Waste generation Implemented system At site Visual inspection Every day Contractor Supervision (municipal waste for waste Concluded contracts MOEPP from engaged management, placed with legal / physical employees, containers for waste entities who have a construction waste collection permit for waste etc.) management Noise and Noise levels At site (near receptors – Measurements of Selection of several Contractor Supervision vibrations from households etc.) emitted noise on several measurements points Licensed MOEPP 50 € construction Technical features of according to the measurement points near sensitive receptors company per MP activities the construction legislation equipment In authorized services Visual inspection Every day and on site Material supply Possession of official At site, location of Inspection Before construction / Plant Supervision (asphalt plant, approval or valid asphalt plant, borrow activities begin operator, borrow pits) operating license pits borrow pit operator Material transport Truck load covered At site, location of Visual inspection Unannounced inspections / Contractor Supervision borrow pits during work MOEPP Construction site Noise levels At site (near sensitive Measurements of Once before construction / Contractor Supervision (Noise disturbance receptors – households emitted noise on several activities, and once MOEPP to population and etc.) according to the measurement points (if during construction employees) Technical features of legislation required) activities the construction In authorized services equipment and on site Visual inspection Every day During operation of the Exhaust fumes At site Visual inspection mechanization During material delivery, Dust At site Visual inspection and other construction activities Disruption of local At site Unannounced population State of Implementation of Traffic management plan Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 43 Environmental and Social Assessment Report Operation/Exploitation Increased volume Vehicle emissions; Along the road section sampling for analysis by Once per year PESR/ and speed of noise levels; water accredited laboratories Monitoring traffic (Emissions quality (suspended on noise levels and air Contractor of exhaust gases solids, organic quality on points close to from vehicles, compounds, heavy the populated areas and 1500 € increased noise metals, pH value, one monitoring point per levels, water water conductance) along the road section sample quality (suspended outside of populated solids, organic areas as reference point compounds, heavy metals, pH) Road safety Condition of traffic Along the road section Visual observation; During maintenance / / PE Makedonija (Increased vehicle signs; vehicle speed speed detectors activities; Pat speed) unannounced Important note: All applicable costs for Monitoring activities envisaged with this Monitoring Plan shall be quantified by the Tenderer/ Contractor and shall be part of the Bill of Quantities (BoQ). Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 44 Environmental and Social Assessment Report 8. Roles and responsibilities for implementation of ESMP Table 11 Roles and Responsibilities for implementation of EMP Company/Unit Responsibilities In coordination with EPSAU, this Unit will be responsible for overseeing the project implementation, for monitoring the overall project implementation, including environmental compliance of the project. IPMU will have the final responsibility for environmental performance of the project, during both the construction and operational phase. International Projects Management Unit - IPMU (PESR) Specifically IPMU will: i) closely coordinate with local authorities in the participation of the community during project preparation and implementation; ii) monitor and supervise ESMP implementation including incorporation of ESMP into the detailed technical designs and bidding and contractual documents; iii) be in charge of reporting on ESMP implementation to the World Bank. This unit is responsible for monitoring the implementation of WB’s environmental safeguard policies in all stages and process of the project. Specifically, this unit will be responsible for: i) reviewing the subproject: EIAR, EMP, ESAR, RAP prepared by consultants to ensure quality of the documents; ii) helping IPMU incorporate ESMP into the detailed technical designs and civil works bidding and contractual documents; iii) helping Environmental Protection and Social Aspects Unit IPMU incorporate responsibilities for ESMP monitoring and supervision into the TORs, bidding and contractual documents (EPSAU) (PESR) for selection of Contractor, Supervision, Monitoring contractor iv) providing relevant inputs to the consultant selection process; v) reviewing reports submitted by the Contractor, Supervision, Monitoring contractor; vi) conducting periodic site checks; vii) advising PESR management on solutions to environmental issues of the project; and viii) preparing environmental performance section on the progress and review reports to be submitted to the WB. Based on the approved ESMP, the Contractor will be responsible for establishing a site-specific ESMP for the construction site area, submit the plan to PESR and Supervision Contractor for review and approval before commencement of construction. In addition, it is required that the Contractor get all permissions for construction (traffic Construction Contractor control and diversion, excavation, labor safety, etc. before civil works) following current national regulations. The contractor shall be required to appoint a competent individual as the contractor‘s on-site Health, Safety and Environmental Officer (HSEO) who will be responsible for monitoring the contractor‘s compliance with the ESMP requirements and the environmental specifications. The Supervision Consultant (SC) will be responsible for supervising and monitoring all construction activities and for Supervision Consultant ensuring that Contractors comply with the requirements of the contracts and the ESMP. The SC shall engage sufficient number of qualified staff (e.g. Environmental Engineer) with Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 45 Environmental and Social Assessment Report Company/Unit Responsibilities adequate knowledge on environmental protection and construction project management to perform the required duties and to supervise the Contractor’s performance. MOEPP is responsible for issuing a decision for approval of Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning (MOEPP) Environment Impact Assessment Report, and monitoring of the state of implementation of all foreseen measures for environmental protection in EIAR by the Inspectorate for environment. Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 46 Environmental and Social Assessment Report 9. ANNEXES Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 47 Environmental and Social Assessment Report ANNEX 1 Minutes of meeting (public consultation) Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 48 Environmental and Social Assessment Report Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 49 Environmental and Social Assessment Report Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 50 Environmental and Social Assessment Report ANNEX 2 List of participants Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 51 Environmental and Social Assessment Report Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 52 Environmental and Social Assessment Report Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 53 Environmental and Social Assessment Report Geing Krebs und Kifer International and others ltd 54