Knowledge and Learning for 73170 Human Rights and Development Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report November 2010 – October 2011 THE WORLD BANK III CONTENTS 1 Summary of Progress 1 2 Introduction 3 3 Activities, Results and Outcome Indicators 5 3.1 Activities 5 3.2 Results 6 3.3 Outcome indicators 6 4 Events, Research and Grants 9 4.1 Knowledge and Partnership Events 9 4.2 Applied Research 11 4.3 Grant Program Examples 12 5 Financial Summary 17 6 Looking Ahead 19 7 Annexes 21 Annex A: Select Knowledge and Partnership Activities 22 Annex B: NTF Program Grants 24 Annex C: NTF Article on the World Bank’s Intranet 32 Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 IV A B B R E V I AT I O N S A N D AC RO N YM S HOI Human Opportunity Index HR Human Rights ICT Information and Communications Technology K&P Knowledge and Partnership KPI Knowledge Product Index NTF Nordic Trust Fund OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights OPCS Operations Policy and Country Services PS Performance Standards SF Sustainability Framework UN United Nations UPR Universal Periodic Review WBG World Bank Group WBL Women, Business and the Law WDR World Development Report WPA Work Program Agreement WTO World Trade Organization 1. S U M M A RY O F P R O G R E S S November 2010 to October 2011 E xpanded scope and content of activities: Nordic Trust Fund (NTF) sponsored work during the review period supported the NTF main objective—to develop an informed view of how human rights relate to the Bank’s work among staff and management—through the expanded implementation of the two work-streams launched during the previous year; (i) a Knowledge and Partnership (K&P) program delivering learning events and materials on human rights and development; and (ii) a Grant program providing financial and technical support to 27 Bank teams to explore the role of human rights in their work. During this second year of NTF operations, about 50 studies were substantially completed and about 40 workshops or other learning initiatives delivered across the World Bank Group (WBG). About half of the workshops and learn- ing events involved contacts and activities with the UN family or other donors, academia or civil society. US$13.9 million had been received by the donors at the end of the reporting period, of which US$11.5 million had been allo- cated to the 27 grants, and US$1.9 million to knowledge and leaning activities, the NTF Secretariat and administra- tive fees. US$4.6 million had been disbursed and a further US$2.0 million committed to identified activities. Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 2 Results were achieved at three levels: Emerging results at grant activity level: Human rights approaches complemented the Bank’s Awareness raising among Bank staff: An esti- regular work through many of the 27 NTF funded mated 500 Bank staff was directly reached grant programs. This resulted in applied learn- through the NTF sponsored activities. Larger ing among staff, partners and clients about how audiences were reached in cases where NTF sup- to address human rights in particular thematic ported the inclusion of human rights aspects in contexts. Also, grants added value to the larger larger studies, for example the 2012 World Devel- programs they supported. For example, a review opment Report on Gender and Development. of human rights in IFC’s work contributed to the development of new IFC performance standards that were approved in April 2011. The beginning of a more informed view on human rights and the Bank’s work: Several les- sons emerged from the NTF sponsored activi- ties: (i) There is interest in some countries and institutions in exploring the use of human rights methodology in development cooperation and technical support. (ii) Some human rights princi- ples are regarded as part of good development practice and part of Bank supported programs. Sometimes this is expanded into the use of pro- cedural rights and redress mechanisms in Bank operations. However, consistent with the Bank’s mandate, there is little or no reliance on human rights conventions or legal standards. (iii) Differ- ences between how the Bank and development partners with explicit human rights mandates operate include the degree of reliance on explicit human rights discourse and legal standards, the place of human rights in the definition of the agencies’ goals and mandate, and differences related to agencies’ functions and comparative advantage. Similarities include a general con- vergence of goals and activities across agencies, and having to deal with similar human rights related issues, i.e. universalism vs. targeting, implicit or explicit approaches to rights, lack of data and indicators, and how to mitigate human rights risk in supported activities. 2. I N T RODUC T I O N T he purpose of the Nordic Trust Fund (NTF) is to support a knowledge and learning program for World Bank staff and management focusing on how human rights relate to the Bank’s core mission of promoting eco- nomic growth and poverty reduction. World Bank supported programs often contribute to the realization of human rights but knowledge is limited about how a systematic consideration of human rights can improve development interventions and outcomes. A survey of Bank staff identified knowledge gaps related to human rights laws, definitions, standards, principles and institutions and provided a framework for the design of NTF sponsored activities. In addressing the knowledge and partnership gaps, activities draw on core human rights instruments adopted by the United Nations (UN), the widely accepted main human rights principles (non-discrimination, accountability, participation and transparency) and on good practices in the broader development partner community used when working with human rights in development programs. Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 4 The first NTF progress teams across the World Bank Group (WBG), sup- report (www.worldbank. ported financially by US$11.5 million and by train- org/nordictrustfund ) ing, partnership and capacity-building activities provides a summary in a Knowledge and Partnership (K&P) program. of the main achieve- The first report also describes the governance ments from the start of structure of the NTF under which a Secretariat in the program in Septem- the World Bank’s Operations Policy and Country ber 2009 until October Services (OPCS) manages the trust fund and sup- 2010. Activities during ports the work of the NTF Steering Committee (a this first year included Vice President-level group that provides overall the identification and direction and guidance) and the Advisory Com- start of 27 pilot activities mittee (a Director-level group that provides guid- implemented by task ance on the scope and content of activities). TABLE 1 Distribution of NTF NTF grant funds, percent of US$11.5 million (numbers may not add up due to rounding) Economic, Governance Discrimination, social and and vulnerable Capacity and Theme cultural rights empowerment groups institutions Total Regions 11 15 22 7 55 Africa 4 11 15 East Asia 4 4 Europe/Cent Asia 4 4 Latin America/Caribbean 7 4 4 14 Middle East/North Africa 4 4 4 11 South Asia 4 4 8 Networks 8 10 8 26 Poverty reduction 4 4 Human development 4 4 Financial and private sector, 3 4 7 IFC Sustainable development 4 4 4 11 Other 4 7 7 2 19 Development economics/ 3 4 2 8 WDR Legal 4 4 7 World Bank Institute 4 4 Total 22 22 40 17 100 3. AC T I V I T I E S , RE S U LTS A N D O U T C O M E I N D I C AT O R S 3.1 Activities Expanded scope and content of activities: NTF supported activities grew in scope and content as the 27 grants put in place during the previous year were implemented and the Secretariat pursued the K&P program. About 50 stud- ies were substantially completed and about 40 workshops or other learning initiatives were delivered across the World Bank Group (WBG). Approximately half of the workshops and learning events involved contacts and activi- ties with the UN family or other donors, academia or civil society. Approximately one third of the studies and work- shops focused on discrimination and vulnerable groups, one third on specific economic, social, cultural and/or civil and political rights, and the remaining third on human rights related capacity and institution building themes. The Secretariat prepared the following knowledge products: (i) summaries of UN Universal Periodic Reviews (UPR) country reports on human rights to the respective Bank country teams, (ii) introductory interactive presentation and training module on human rights, and (iii) a video summary of a senior-level human rights debate held in the Bank. A summary of the activities, outputs and partnership contacts is provided in Annexes A and B of this report. Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 6 3.2 Results and Development project learned how to work with human rights at community level and Results achieved during the review period can what to focus on when doing so. Among the be divided into three parts: (i) increased aware- Bank’s knowledge networks, one team applied ness among Bank staff of the role of human human rights methodology to a recently devel- rights in development; (ii) emerging results at oped Human Opportunity Index (HOI) focusing activity level; and (iii) the emergence of a more on equal opportunity with the aim of combat- informed view of how human rights relate to the ing discrimination more effectively, and sev- Bank’s work. eral learning events and studies on the role of human rights and accountability in health and Awareness rising among Banks staff: An audi- social protection yielded insights into how to ence of about 500 Bank staff was reached by work with human rights in those sectors. In the NTF sponsored activities and benefitted some grants the addition of a human rights com- from awareness rising of human rights in var- ponent led to policy changes or identifiable out- ious development contexts. In addition much comes. For example, the World Bank Institute’s larger audiences, both inside the Bank and NTF program on human rights and participation externally, were reached through some of the in South Kivu, DRC, led to local authorities’ bud- activities. For example, NTF sponsored the anal- gets changing to include more investments and ysis behind and inclusion of a section on rights less salary costs, and improved tax collection, in the 2012 World Development Report (WDR) following a participatory budget process. One on gender and development which reached of the grants contributed to an update of World a large audience worldwide (worldbank.org/ Bank policy and procedures—the NTF spon- wdr). Similarly, the NTF sponsored human sored review of the human rights provisions of rights discussion in the World Bank’s annual IFC’s review of its sustainability framework con- report on “Women, Business and the Law� tributed to the new framework and associated on different legal treatment based on gender performance standards approved by the World reached a vast audience (wbl.worldbank.org). Bank’s Board of Executive Directors in April The NTF supported research articles from the 2011. Bank’s research arm on human rights treaties in “The Review of International organizations� as The emergence of a more informed view on well as a forthcoming article on education and human rights and the Bank’s work: NTF activi- labor rights in the “Comparative Law and Labor ties and discussions with partners yielded three Policy Journal�. broad lessons on how human rights relate to the Bank’s work and mandate; Emerging results at activity level: Human rights were explored and complemented the Bank’s a. Some human rights principles already regular work through the 27 NTF funded grant embedded in Bank work, some use of pro- programs, leading to learning and insights cedural rights and redress mechanisms, among staff, partners and clients about meth- little or no reliance on human rights conven- odology (how to work with human rights in tions or legal standards which reflects the development) and human rights laws and prin- Bank’s mandate: Interviews with Bank staff ciples (the content of human rights). For exam- and a preliminary scanning of select Bank ple, the Latin America Region team working on documents indicate that the Bank frequently human rights as part of the Colombia Peace draws on human rights principles (non-dis- Activities, Results and Outcome Indicators 7 crimination, accountability, participation and explicit human rights mandate. These transparency) in operational and analytic include the degree of reliance on explicit contexts and that they are broadly accepted human rights discourse and legal standards, as part of good development practice. The the place of human rights in the definition of use of these principles appears to translate the agencies’ goals and mandate, and differ- into the use of actual procedural rights or ences related to agencies’ distinct functions redress mechanisms to give intended pro- and comparative advantage as compared gram beneficiaries voice in only a share of to others (some set human rights stan- Bank supported operations. Finally, there dards and others implement development are limited references to human rights legal programs drawing on those standards to a standards or UN conventions in the Bank’s varying degree). As for similarities, there is work which reflects the Bank’s mandate as a broad convergence of goals and activities articulated in its Articles of Agreement. across development agencies—irrespective of whether agencies have an explicit human b. Interest from countries to use human rights rights mandate or not. Development agen- methodology in development cooperation: cies—both with and without an explicit man- NTF activities in countries can only go ahead date to work on rights—face similar issues if there is country ownership and a request and normative questions. These include from government to go ahead. NTF grant choices around universalism vs. target- teams reported interest from government ing—should programs focus on the general agencies in some countries to explore the public or on vulnerable groups or particular use of human rights methodology in develop- sets of households or individuals. Another ment, especially in cases where there already choice is whether to use implicit or explicit are national legal or regulatory instruments approaches to rights, i.e. whether to use linked to human rights in place. The demand direct references to laws and human rights for such support can come from sector min- instruments. Furthermore, all agencies istries/agencies but also from regulatory or struggle with lack of data, indicators and evi- academic/training institutions. Any response dence based evaluations in areas such as from the Bank to such demand would have to governance, accountability, participation, be consistent with the Bank’s mandate. etc. Another common issue is how to miti- gate human rights risk in supported activi- c. Differences and similarities with devel- ties, i.e. ensure that the programs funded opment partners: Significant differences do not have unintended effects threatening remain in the approaches to human rights human rights among beneficiaries or other between the Bank and agencies with an stakeholders. Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 8 3.3 Outcome Indicators The table below shows the status of the six out- Bank and the NTF donors during the develop- come indicators that were agreed between the ment of the program. Indicator Status and future plans Dissemination of Annual Progress Reports to This document is the second Annual Progress Report; the �rst was published donors, Bank staff and external audiences in November 2010 and the third is scheduled for November 2012. Both are to raise awareness of activities undertaken, available on the internet at worldbank.org/nordictrustfund. knowledge gained and results achieved. Number of training and capacity building About 50 studies and 40 well attended workshops or learning events delivered activities delivered with satisfactory participant by the 27 NTF Grant funded teams and the NTF Secretariat during the reporting ratings. period. This is a sharp increase from the previous year when 18 workshops were delivered and the 27 grants were put in place. Timely completion of programming and Completion of activities and outputs on track for the NTF Secretariat and for 20 achievement of KPIs according to WPAs for of the 27 Grant programs. The delays in delivery in 7 of the grant programs is individual activities. being monitored and enhanced support is being provided by Secretariat staff to accelerate effective implementation. A 28th grant was approved to continue support for the WDR Jobs in 2012. Frequent traf�c on website. Web site updated and populated with brie�ngs and some learning materials. Traf�c limited so far—114 page views in November 2011. The Secretariat will assess measures to stimulate site activity. Increase of human rights awareness among Bank Ex ante base line survey completed. Approximately 500 Bank staff reached staff based on ex ante and ex post survey results. through K&P and grant programs. Ex post survey to be administered in 2013. Increased reference to and incorporation of Terms of reference to be developed for later launch. Preliminary “screening� of human rights principles in Bank operations, human rights references in two of the Bank’s knowledge networks (PR and HD) based on portfolio reviews. done to help set a baseline. CHANGE PICTURE 4. E V E N T S , R E S E A RC H A N D G RA N TS 4.1 Knowledge and Partnership Events United Nations–World Bank peer-to-peer exchange In June 2010, a one-day peer-to-peer workshop provided an effective exchange for development practitioners from several UN agencies, bilateral donors and the World Bank on how to work with human rights in two priority sectors—fragility/conflict and health. Participants included some 65 Bank staff and representatives from the UN, OHCHR, UN Women, UNDG Secretariat, UNICEF, UNDP, UNDESA, WHO, and from CIDA, Danida, MCC and USAID. Several of the UN representatives participate in the UN Human Rights Mainstreaming Mechanism (HRM), estab- lished to further institutionalize the mainstreaming of human rights into UN operational activities for develop- ment. Following the opening by the World Bank’s OPCS Vice President, representatives from the World Bank’s 2011 World Development Report team, OHCHR, WHO and the World Bank’s human development team for Latin America engaged in an active discussion of the different approaches, challenges and areas of progress among the agencies, as well as an exploration of how to integrate human rights in day-to-day work, and possibilities for future collaboration. Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 10 Two principal conclusions emerged: (i) Develop- mercial bank in Ethiopia), the Supreme Admin- ment agencies with and without a human rights istrative Court of Finland, Finn Church Aid, the mandate pursue similar objectives that may Christian Michelsen Institute, the Social Science include human rights concepts and principles Research Council, the ILO, the Equal Rights Trust, which are now broadly considered part of good the Norwegian Center for Human Rights, Univer- development practice. They also face similar sity of Helsinki, Critical Rights and Gender Con- human rights related issues including: whether sult, the International Council on Human Rights to focus on the population at large or on smaller Policy, Universidad de San Andres (Argentina) as target groups; how to work in light of the lack of well as MFA. data, indicators and evidence based evaluations for human rights programs; and how to mitigate The workshop demonstrated the substantial the two kinds of human rights risk in supported progress of the NTF program and the signifi- activities—unintended harm to rights triggered cant advances in the staff / teams knowledge by the supported activities, and human rights since the Copenhagen workshop one year ear- violations external to the program which impact lier. The workshop provided an opportunity to program activities or goals; and (ii) Notable dif- receive valuable guidance and contacts for the ferences in the approach to human rights remain teams’ continued work. It also identified areas across agencies and include; whether human where further work is needed to advance a more rights are treated as an objective in itself (intrin- informed view on human rights among Bank sic) or as a possible addition based on poten- staff. These include the need to establish and tial value added (instrumental); agencies vary articulate the ‘value added’ of human rights in in their reliance on explicit human rights lan- development beyond good development prac- guage and legal standards, often referable back tice; gather and disseminate more examples of to agencies mandate, institutional function and how, where and why human rights and human comparative advantage. rights-based approaches have had impact; and; continue to leverage experience and expertise Mid-term stocktaking NTF workshop from outside and work with regional institutions A three-day workshop in Helsinki provided NTF and representatives. The evaluation results from grant teams an opportunity to showcase the NTF the workshop are summarized in Table 2. funded work and receive feed-back from inter- national human rights experts and peers. In an Panel Debate – Are human rights essential effort to consolidate and distill lessons learned for the World Bank’s human development from the grants the discussions were structured work? around six human rights priority themes; (i) con- In March 2011, a panel comprising OHCHR Sec- flict, violence and fragility; (ii) service delivery; tion Chief on Human Rights and Economic and (iii) gender in development; (iv) equality and non- Social Issues, the World Bank’s Chief Economist discrimination; (v) accountability, and ; (vi) labor for Africa, Regional Human Development Direc- rights, decent work and social protection floors. tors and senior research staff debated the role of The event was opened by the Finnish Minister for human rights in the Bank’s work on health, edu- International Development, hosted by the Minis- cation and social protection during the World try of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and attended by some Bank’s Human Development Network (HDN) 40 Bank staff and 30 international and local par- annual learning week before an audience of some ticipants, i.e. Åbo Academy, Institute for Human 80 Bank staff. Key arguments for the inclusion Rights, ENAT Bank Promoters (a women’s com- of human rights included their central role in the Events, Research and Grants 11 modern understanding of development, work on TABLE 2 demand side governance, ability to promote gov- Mid-term stocktaking workshop, ernment accountability and ensure “do no harm� Helsinki, evaluation results, 35 and that economic wellbeing alone is too nar- respondents, 5 = very much/high, row a development concept. Arguments against strongly agree integrating human rights explicitly included the proximity of human rights objectives and welfare- Question Mean % rating 4 or 5 economics based objectives, human rights being neither necessary nor sufficient for guarantee- The training ful�lled my training needs 4.00 100 ing the achievement of those common objectives The training achieved its announced objectives 4.03 100 and the fact that human rights do not ensure the Rate the training content or subject matter 4.00 100 effective exercise of rights by the poor. At the end Rate the order of content presentation 3.97 97 of the debate, a flexible approach was proposed Rate the materials used 3.97 97 justifying the inclusion of human rights under cer- Rate the overall quality 4.00 100 tain conditions and if this leads to good results. Some defended the importance of human rights Rate the overall usefulness 4.00 100 as an integral part of development. Others sup- Rate the relevance to the Bank’s mission 4.06 100 ported continuing using welfare economics as My knowledge/skills increased 4.03 100 the basis for Bank interventions since countries Knowledge/skills gained is directly applicable 4.00 100 have different views about the role that human to my job rights can play and since the costs of employing human rights approaches or methodologies are not known. tion shape women’s choices and voices�, p 157– 168. It states that laws and rights are important 4.2 Applied Research for women’s agency, especially when related to compulsory education and control over income World Development Report 2012 – Adding a and assets. Rights in marriage and its dissolu- human rights perspective to the gender and tion are critical, but progress in areas that reg- development discussion ulate relations within households has been The World Bank’s annual World Development limited. Low capacity or biases in institutions Report is a flagship publication which aims to can frustrate the implementation of the laws as provide a wide international readership with an can the prevalence of legal pluralism, i.e. when in-depth perspective on a specific topic in devel- there are several laws or venues for resolving opment economics. NTF provided support to disputes. Specific activities funded by the NTF the 2012 WDR on Gender and Development to grant included studies and a database on how add a human rights perspective to the report’s states’ commitments under international con- general conclusion that while gaps remain in ventions and access to justice impact women’s many areas, women’s lives around the world economic development. The supported research have improved, and to contribute to the WDR’s led to a better understanding of how the for- conceptual framework and recommend policy mal recognition of international treaties relate actions. The analytical outcome of the NTF sup- to provisions in national law in the context of port is summarized in the section of the WDR income generating activities, the accumulation called “Rights and their effective implementa- of assets and increases in agency. Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 12 Human rights and climate change regions and countries vary considerably but NTF supported research and consultative work- that the overall direction of changes is towards shops on the connections between human rights more equal treatment. NTF supported the prep- and climate change. This included the publi- aration of the “Women’s economic rights and cation of an international law study on human human rights� annex in the 2012 WBL report rights law and climate change: “Human Rights (p 28–31) mapping women’s economic rights and Climate Change: A Review of the Interna- against human rights and concluding that incor- tional Legal Dimensions�, http://publications. porating human rights methodology and indi- worldbank.org. The study explores (i) how cli- cators can enhance the usefulness of the WBL mate change impacts rights protected under program, and that broader partnerships, includ- international human rights treaties and how ing with human rights bodies, can improve data these effects are distributed between countries collection and dissemination. and among groups within countries; (ii) how measures to address climate change can affect Human rights learning materials for Bank human rights; and (iii) the role that international staff law, including human rights treaties, can play The NTF Secretariat engaged in several activi- in shaping responses to climate change, par- ties geared towards producing and disseminating ticularly in adaptation. Further NTF-supported learning materials on human rights and develop- work currently underway explores human rights ment for Bank staff. An interactive introductory and climate change in the context of a small self-learning course was finalized towards the island developing country (Republic of Marshall end of the review period and placed on the NTF Islands). It considers the potential for employ- web site. Summaries of the UN’s country reports ing insights and approaches derived from inter- generated through the Universal Periodic Reviews national law in designing effective mitigation and (UPR) for eight countries were prepared and dis- adaptation strategies. It investigates some of the seminated to the World Bank’s respective Country legal and regulatory implications of these in a Management Units/Teams. Five studies on how domestic law setting. human rights relate to development in particu- lar contexts were commissioned; economics, fra- A human rights perspective on women, gility/conflict, gender, land deals and an update business, and the law (of a 2006 OECD study) on how different devel- The NTF supported the ongoing World Bank opment agencies integrate human rights in their Women, Business and the Law (WBL) program, programs. A video summarizing the Human Devel- an initiative examining laws and regulations opment panel debate described above was made affecting women’s prospects as entrepreneurs available on the NTF web site, and an article on and employees with the aim of informing pol- the NTF was published on the Bank wide intranet icy discussions and research on how to improve on December 10 (Human Rights Day) 2010. women’s economic inclusion (wbl.worldbank. org). The 2012 WBL report “Removing barriers to economic inclusion—measuring gender parity in 4.3 NTF Grant Program 141 countries� was launched in September 2011. Examples It concluded that the legal systems of 103 of the 141 countries reviewed maintained at least one Roma right to health legal provision that may hinder women’s eco- The ECA-HDN team continued effective imple- nomic opportunities, that the situations across mentation of the NTF grant on the Right to Events, Research and Grants 13 Health for Roma. The program has strong coun- planned for February 2012 and, upon completion try support and has developed a systematic of the research on awareness of human rights, approach and thorough methodology which preparation of a training manual for local civil explicitly integrates human rights. The project servants and a “training of trainers� program. aim is to advance an understanding of the use Expected outcomes of this grant include greater of human rights to promote access to quality openness to discussions of the ‘value added’ health care for Roma communities. Its outputs of human rights; deepening and strengthening to date include a desk review of human rights ongoing work on governance, through the incor- instruments and legal obligations relevant to poration of human rights perspectives, includ- Roma health; a review of Roma health literature ing on access to information and accountability; to provide Bank staff with an analytical base on and increased levels of awareness of rights at the Roma health issues; and the design of a study local level. in Serbia to measure quality of care for Roma and non- Roma patients. The objectives of the Middle East and North Africa – Child Rights- study are to examine: (i) the average quality based Programming in conflict areas of care in Serbia, and (ii) differences in care This grant helps explore the relationship between for different populations (Roma and women). human rights, child rights-based programming This information can then be used to inform and development in conflict-affected areas. Con- the ongoing health reforms in Serbia to further ducted in partnership with Save the Children, improve quality of care for all populations. In field research has been conducted in Yemen, Leb- addition, future Bank work on health issues in anon and the West Bank and Gaza. Stakeholder other countries can be enhanced by improved workshops in Jordan and Lebanon discussed and knowledge of the relevant human rights instru- validated the research findings and provided ments and literature. excellent opportunities to review children’s rights in development with representatives from Vietnam citizens rights governments in the region, civil society and mul- Together with Vietnamese government counter- tilateral and bilateral partners. Findings from the parts, a four-part research and analytical work research show that the benefits of child rights- program has been identified to improve both based programming in conflict-affected areas the supply and demand sides of human rights in outweigh the costs—it can initially be time-con- country. The components include (i) Supporting suming but creates sustainability. The data also Media Reporting on Human Rights; (ii) Working indicate that stronger and more comprehensive with People’s Councils; (iii) Promoting Aware- child rights-based programming provides greater ness of Citizen Rights through the media, and; support for safety and security. The final report (iv) Training Local Civil Servants. Activities com- will be available in the first few months of 2012. pleted to date include a workshop on human rights under the new Law on Cadres and Civil Ser- South Africa – A human rights perspective on vants which was held together with the Vietnam gender work Institute for Human Rights, and the launch of This NTF grant supports the World Bank’s South research activities on awareness of human rights Africa country team to address issues on wom- among local public officials in four provinces. en’s equal participation in the South African Future planned activities include: a workshop economy in collaboration with key partners on media and human rights, in cooperation with in the Government, civil society and business the Ministry of Information and Communications organizations. Activities to date include a gen- Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 14 der literature review and two studies; “Report during the Fall of 2011 and support the timely on Engendering the new Growth Path� and implementation of the PS by January 2012. NTF “Women Economic Empowerment – and Action also supported the development of IFC’s Imple- Plan�, which were discussed in two workshops mentation Guidance Tools on the Voluntary Prin- held in country in March and August 2011. Activi- ciples on Security and Human Rights for the ties also included presentations in major confer- private sector, involving stakeholder consulta- ences, such as national Young Women’s Summit tions with business corporations, NGOs and Gov- and the Inaugural National Women’s Confer- ernments. As a result of its continued work in the ence attended by more than 15 Cabinet Minis- field, IFC’s PS have become the global benchmark ters. Results to date include knowledge transfer for environmental and social sustainability in the and building of partnerships; the participation business community, both for project investment of more than 200 women in workshops in 2011 and financial intermediaries, and provide a com- and strengthened partnerships with key Gov- prehensive approach reflecting key human rights ernment departments, business partners and principles. IFC organized several major presen- civil society. The program has contributed to the tations on the performance standards and on development of the Gender Equality Legislation, the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human South Africa National Strategy, Vision 2030 and Rights for IFC and Bank staff, clients and other the New Growth Path, with increased attention audiences. More information is available at www. to gender equality in the economic policies and ifc.org/sustainabilityframework. programs. Key elements of successful program implementation have been partnerships with rel- Information and Communication Technology evant stakeholders, local ownership, and build- for Human Rights (ICT4HR) ing of national capacity. The NTF supported the ICT4HR program to explore how human rights can inform and guide Business and human rights – Supporting new ICT facilitated approaches in governance IFC’s private sector work and human rights. This included participatory NTF supported the work of IFC, the World Bank’s budgeting in three administrative areas in the private sector arm, to help private sector clients conflict-affected province of South Kivu in the address human rights related risks in business Democratic Republic of the Congo. All citizens, operations. Funding was provided for develop- regardless of gender, ethnic, religious, political ing the human-rights-in-business related pro- of socio-economic background, were entitled to visions of the Sustainability Framework Review a voice in determining the allocation of the pro- and Update Process, revising IFC Performance vincial budget through sms messaging, thus Standards (PS) and undertaking consultations breaking a vicious cycle of mistrust and poorly on these in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin Amer- performing services. As a result, local budgets ica. The revised PS acknowledge the respon- started to include investments in local commu- sibility of the private sector to respect human nities providing basic services to the poor, and rights and address some gaps of the earlier in response, citizens started to pay taxes. A framework: e.g. human trafficking, forced evic- video about this is available at http://www.you- tions and community access to cultural heritage, tube.com/watch?v=hZYm0kEvkAo. Workshops among other issues. A new addition is the volun- were also held in South Kivu on violence against tary due diligence that may be appropriate taking women and on the feasibility of using ICT as an into account specific business circumstances. A instrument of alert and reporting. One seminar Guidance Note interpreting the PS was prepared briefing World Bank staff on the program was Events, Research and Grants 15 held in Washington. A second round of participa- tinuing work with a wide range of stakeholders to tory budgeting is planned for 2012. develop a toolbox for identifying and assessing changes to the realization of human rights and to Human rights in Colombia’s Peace and provide guidance for incorporating human rights Development project aspects in subprojects’ design, activities and indi- In close collaboration with the Government of cators. Work to date has generated and dissemi- Colombia NTF provided support for the Bank’s nated practical knowledge about the content of country office in Bogota to explore the integra- rights, their interdependence, the principles that tion of human rights into the Bank supported underline their realization, and the importance of Peace and Development Project (PDP). The proj- assessing the subproject’s cycle on the basis of ect assists communities in six conflict-affected the “do no harm� principle. Stakeholders, includ- regions through Regional Development and Peace ing the EU and other donors as well as agencies at Programs (RDPP) that encourage local subproj- central and regional level, have expressed inter- ects and strengthen community-based organiza- est in the program findings and the RDPP teams tions. A completed NTF supported study, “State are keen to work with the NTF team to enhance of the art of the integration of human rights in their contribution to human rights in their RDPP�, concluded that the use of a human rights regions. Upcoming work will focus on knowledge based approach within the RDPPs can support sharing and tools dissemination through national the realization of beneficiaries’ human rights. and local events, as well as on training of World Based on these findings, the grant team is con- Bank staff. 5. F I N A N C I A L S U M M A RY 5.1 Funding Contributions As of October 30, 2011, the NTF had received contributions from the five NTF donors equal to US$13.7 million. Additional contributions in the amount of US$3.6 million are expected. In addition to donor pledges, the NTF had generated investment income of US$0.2 million. Table 3 provides a detailed breakdown of the NTF funding. Com- plementary funding outside the NTF structure (and not shown in the table) but supporting related activities, in the amount of Euro 200,000, was received from the Government of Germany. Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 18 TABLE 3 5.2 Allocation and Use of NTF Funds as of October 31, 2011), Funds by NTF Activity US$ million As Table 4 shows, a total of US$13.4 million Sources of Funds Received Anticipated Total was allocated to the different NTF activities, most of which to the 28 approved proposals in Denmark 4.6 — 4.6 the NTF grant program (shown in Annex B) with Finland 2.8 — 2.8 US$400,000 on average allocated to each grant. Iceland 0.2 — 0.2 As of October 30, 2011 US$4.6 million of the funds Norway 3.5 2.1 5.6 had been disbursed for expenditures under the Sweden 2.6 1.5 4.1 grant program, the K&P program, the NTF Secre- Total Donor Contributions 13.7 3.6 17.3 tariat and payment of the World Bank administra- Investment Income 0.2 0.2 tion fee for the trust fund. An additional US$2.0 Total funds, all sources 13.9 17.5 million had been committed for future expendi- tures (i.e. funding had been reserved for identi- Source: SAP. fied expenditures). TABLE 4 Allocation and Use of Funds (as of October 31, 2011), US$ million Category Allocated Disbursed Committed Grants Program 11.5 3.4 1.8 Economic, social and cultural rights 2.9 0.5 0.2 Governance and empowerment 2.1 0.6 0.4 Discrimination and vulnerable groups 4.5 1.5 0.8 Capacity and institutions 2.0 0.8 0.4 Knowledge and Partnerships 0.7 0.2 0.2 Secretariat 0.9 0.7 — Administration Fee 0.3 0.3 — Total 13.4 4.6 2.0 Source: NTF Secretariat. 6. LOOKING AHEAD A ctivities over the next year will focus on the continued implementation and completion of the NTF grant programs listed in Annex B and dissemination of key findings. As in the past year, the aim will be to have each of the programs deliver 1–2 studies/analytic work and 1–2 workshops/learning events for Bank staff and management, and the NTF Secretariat will support the grant receiving teams to achieve this and other aspects of grant implementation. As in the previous year, the NTF Secretariat will complement the grant based studies and events with a smaller number of cross cutting events exploring synergies between grant teams and sectors and promoting partnerships and knowledge exchanges with key agencies such as the UN family, the European Union (EU), OECD, other donors, academia and civil society. The Secretariat will also complete the thematic studies launched during the past year and seek to integrate their key recommendations in the work, studies and workshops of the grant teams. Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 20 The NTF Secretariat will also continue the work “core content� on human rights would be avail- to aggregate the findings and recommendations able to the learning coordinators in the Bank units emerging from the NTF sponsored activities—both responsible for Bank staff training as a tool for fur- from the NTF grants and from the Secretariat’s ther exploration of the role of human rights in the own work—around lessons relevant to the Bank’s Bank staff’s work and learning. analytical and operational work in a way that will enable preparation and dissemination of them to As a result of activities to date, several staff and the Bank’s main thematic knowledge networks. managers across the Bank have expressed inter- This will include work to develop knowledge and est in continuing the grant supported work. The learning materials and make them available to Secretariat will take stock of this interest and Bank staff, much like the introductory presenta- see how it, together with lessons learnt from the tion on human rights and development and other grants in place, can best be channeled into pro- materials already available on the Bank’s intranet, posed future activities that would support the and seek closer collaboration with the Bank staff overall NTF objective of develop a more informed learning units across the Bank. Upon comple- view of how the Bank’s work relate to human tion of the NTF program, learning modules with rights. ANNEXES Annex A: Select Knowledge and Partnership Activities Annex B: NTF Program Grants Annex C: NTF Article on the World Bank’s Intrane Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 22 Annex A Select Knowledge and Partnership Activities Date/Partner Audience/Description A. Events June 2011 About 65 Bank staff and 15 representatives from other agencies. OHCHR, UN Women, UNDG Secretariat, UNICEF, UNDP, One-day peer-to-peer exchange on the role of human rights in the UNDESA, WHO, CIDA, MCC, USAID. Co-hosted by the respective agencies’ work. Morning plenary session and afternoon group Bank’s Human Development Network, Fragile and Conflict discussions on human rights in health sector and fragile states work. Affected Countries group and the World Bank Institute October 2011 40 Bank staff and about 30 representatives from government, academia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finland, representatives from NGOs and the private sector. NGOs, academia, UN/ILO and the private sector Three-day workshop for Bank staff/NTF teams to showcase their work and discuss with other representatives. Training on select human rights topics. December 10, 2011 10 representatives from NGO’s, academia and the UN, round table on the Human Rights Day, Washington area NGOs and NTF. academicians, legal advisor to the UN Discussion with and input from participants on the objectives, scope and content of NTF sponsored activities. March 2011 About 15 Bank staff The Institute of Human Rights and Business Round table on human rights and business, including corporate standards and public policy. April 2011 7 senior Bank staff including the Bank Envoy on climate change and staff Mary Robinson, former UN High Commissioner for from legal, environmental and social development units. Human Rights and President of Ireland, now heading the Discussion on human rights aspects of climate change and its impact on Foundation for Climate Justice in Dublin. public policy and what donors can do. May 2011 Approximately 10 Bank staff. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Presentation and discussion on how Sweden works with human rights and (Sida). human rights based approaches in development. December 2010 Approx 20 WB/IFC staff Andrea Shemberg, Legal Adviser on UN/IFC activities on Seminar on Responsible Contracting in the private sector. business and human rights B: Analytical activities and dissemination December 10, 2010 Article on the NTF with interviews of the responsible OPCS Director and Human Rights Day, NTF presentation on WB intranet NTF Coordinator published on the World Bank’s intranet (available to some 12,000 staff) 2011 UPR/UN summaries of human rights reviews for eight countries prepared Summaries of UN (Universal Periodic Reviews, UPR) and disseminated to the respective Bank Country Director/Country reviews of human rights in select countries Management Unit. (continued on next page) Annexes 23 Select Knowledge and Partnership Activities (Continued) Date/Partner Audience/Description 2011 Interactive presentation on basic facts and concepts related to human Interactive introduction to human rights and development rights and development prepared and made available on the NTF web site for Bank staff. July, 2011 Video with lively debate on the pros and cons of including human rights in 12-minute video with UN and World Bank participants on the Bank’s work on health, education and social protection, available on human rights in the Bank’s human development work the NTF web site 2011 Studies underway on human rights and (i) economics, (ii) gender, Launch of analytical studies on select human rights related (iii) fragility and conflict, (iv) climate change and (v) land deals, (vi) donor topics commissioned by the NTF Secretariat practices. Discussions and dissemination events planned for 2012. 2010–2011 Two papers on human rights indicators at GWU Elliot School, paper on Completed papers by NTF staff human rights and climate change at Columbia Law School C: Participation in seminars, meetings with partners, missions to support NTF grants, etc NTF Secretariat missions reviewing grant programs in WB Visits to Vietnam, Serbia (Roma grant), South Africa, DRC, Jordan (Child country of�ces rights grant), Colombia Peace & Development grant, WB Bangkok governance hub of�ce. NTF staff participation in conferences and seminars, Lecture at Center for Public Diplomacy, University of Southern California, meetings with donors meetings with BMZ, Bonn, Germany. Meeting at the UN on CEDAW and visit to Social Science NTF Secretariat participation in the CEDAW Committee General Discussion Research Council, New York on the protection of women in conflict and post-conflict situations and preparatory meeting with Social Science Research Council for their participation in Helsinki event. OECD DAC Human Rights Task Team (HRTT) support Continued membership in OECD DAC HRTT and support for the preparation of the High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Busan, December, 2011. Meetings with NTF donors Brie�ng meetings with NTF donor delegations at the World Bank annual meetings, September, and Spring Meetings, April, 2011. NTF Staff presentations at conferences ABA panelist presentation on human rights and climate change, presentation to UDC Law School Human Rights Forum, participation in an expert meeting on human rights indicators at the EU Fundamental Rights Agency in Vienna, participation in a Consultation on the Guidelines on the Impact of Foreign Debt on Human Rights in Doha (January 2011). Presentations on social accountability at Arizona State University and on human rights principles and indicators at New School University, New York. Panelist at Columbia Law School Conference on threatened island nations and legal implications of rising seas and climate change. 24 ANNEX B NTF PROGRAM GRANTS (average amount = $400,000) Title, implementing Area of knowledge generation World Bank unit and dissemination Activities to date Emerging results and outcomes Economic, social and cultural rights Colombia proposed health project. The use of human rights in the Three assessments underway: (i) Monitoring the results of public Enhanced capacity to assess results of Latin America and Caribbean Region. preparation of Bank-supported policies in the health sector; (ii) Challenges related to the right rights based public policies. Increased health projects to health; (iii) Mechanisms to address complaints. Policy papers knowledge on human rights-based policies planned on �nancing reforms, plan designs, priority settings and in the health sector and the ‘value-added’ of legal issues. a right to health approach. Reproductive Health among the Youth How right-to-health considerations Review underway on human rights standards in El Salvador and Dialogue with countries on human rights in Central America. can improve youth and reproductive Argentina. Work prepared for Nicaragua, El Salvador and Argentina. in reproductive health as part of Bank Latin America and Caribbean Region. health operations Collaboration with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). supported programs, partnership on reproductive health with PAHO. Understanding & Exercising How right-to-health considerations Terms of reference prepared for a study on policies and Reproductive Rights in Egypt. Middle can improve reproductive health reproductive health in Egypt. Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 East and North Africa Region. operations Human rights in the Bank’s human The role of human rights in the Eight knowledge and learning events on human rights and human Outreach and growing awareness of development work. Bank’s health, education, and social development for some 200 Bank staff completed since May 2010, rights issues among Bank practitioners Human Development Network. protection work some as part of the Bank’s regular staff training. Summary video of in health, education and social protection the major panel debate on human development and human rights and others. Growing insight into human prepared and posted on internal web page. Two studies completed: rights methodology among participating One on the right to health and human development, and one on Human Development staff. Partnership and Accountability and citizens covering 427 recent Bank supported cooperation with the UN in several events, projects. including the UN Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and others. (continued on next page) NTF PROGRAM GRANTS (average amount = $400,000) (Continued) Title, implementing Area of knowledge generation World Bank unit and dissemination Activities to date Emerging results and outcomes Legal Empowerment Approaches to Using access to justice for better Work underway (i) in Nigeria to design social accountability and Government of Sierra Leone support for Realizing the Rights to Health, Water access to services by the poor grievance redress mechanisms as disbursement linked indicators program. Blog in WB on legal aid activities. and Education. for a proposed Bank supported project, and (ii) in Sierra Leone in Legal Department. four districts to test the impact of legal empowerment techniques to boost service delivery. One workshop with some 20 Bank staff on the use of paralegal aid in development programs. Human Rights and the Social Use of human rights in the Bank’s One report on Societal Dynamics and Fragility nearly �nalized. Enhanced knowledge about the role human Development Strategy. strategy for social development Work started on two other on Inequality and Exclusion; and Social rights principles in SDV’s work and in Social Development Network. Accountability. situations with weak public institutions. Governance and Empowerment Citizens’ rights in Vietnam. How Bank work can support Workshop held in Hanoi on human rights on the new Law on Enhanced knowledge in the Bank team East Asia and Paci�c Region. governments’ efforts to help citizens Cadres and Civil Servants with the Vietnam Institute for Human on the role of human rights in Bank claim rights Rights and study on awareness of human rights among local supported governance work and on how a public of�cials in four provinces nearly completed. Planned human rights approach can add value to activities include a workshop on human rights reporting in development programming and increase cooperation with the Ministry of Information and Communications, levels of awareness of rights and associated awareness activities on “Citizen’s Rights� and training of trainers Vietnamese law at the local level. and preparation of a training manual for local civil servants on human rights. Human rights and local government How human rights considerations Implementation started in late 2010, activities added in 2011, Ghana: Review of the integration of Human in Africa. can improve Bank-supported local concept note approved. The project has both analytical and Rights in the Local Government Capacity Africa Region. government operations operational focus. It will review, analyze, and assess citizen’s Support Project, used as learning tool for access to rights in existing projects and support project World Bank staff. components that strengthen citizen’s access to rights and local government performance to ensure these rights in existing and new operations. Countries covered include among others Mali, Ghana and Ethiopia. (continued on next page) Annexes 25 26 NTF PROGRAM GRANTS (average amount = $400,000) (Continued) Title, implementing Area of knowledge generation World Bank unit and dissemination Activities to date Emerging results and outcomes Human rights and local government in How human rights considerations One workshop on human rights, decentralization and local South Asia. can improve Bank-supported local governance held in India. Detailed planning for future work South Asia Region. government operations underway. Activities will be carried out in Nepal and Bangladesh, possibly also in Afghanistan. Human rights and justice in Central How human rights considerations (i) Country case studies on Criminal Justice and Human Rights Awareness rising among Bank staff and America. can improve work on criminal and have been conducted for Honduras, Guatemala and Nicaragua; country partners about the respect of Latin America and Caribbean Region. justice systems (ii) Focus group surveys are ongoing in El Salvador, Guatemala, human rights in an environment of endemic Honduras and Nicaragua; and (iii) An Action Learning Plan has violence and crime. been formulated to be launched in the beginning of 2012 including Workshop planned for 2012 to present the dissemination of the case studies. �ndings of the Action Learning Plan. Technology for human rights. World Use of technology for human rights Three workshops on Participatory budgeting and violence against Institutionalized participatory budgeting in Bank Institute. women carried out in Sud Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo, the province. Change in public expenditure including the use of mobile phones for voting, and funding from with increased investments at local levels the central government for the process achieved. One workshop for services for the poorest sections of for Bank staff in Washington. A study on ICT, Human Rights and society as a result of the budgeting process. Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 Governance was nearly completed. Increased level of tax compliance by citizens following the �rst round of the process. Discrimination and vulnerable groups Human Rights and Gender-Based Opportunities for human rights Program focus de�ned as human rights and women’s economic Improved knowledge about women’s Violence: Identifying Opportunities for considerations in gender-based empowerment in South Africa. empowerment issues in South Africa, Engagement in South Africa. Africa Bank work Draft studies and reviews include Gender and Human Rights Literature stronger Bank presence and pro�le in Region. Review, An Action Plan for Increasing Economic Empowerment of the ongoing debate on human rights and Women and Gender Economic Empowerment; Incorporating Women’s women’s empowerment in South Africa. Voices into Economic Policy Making. Two Workshops to discuss the draft studies and to prepare an action plan, and to discuss how to engender the New Growth Path and Vision 2030. Participation in partner event and partnerships with relevant stakeholders on gender in the Government, civil society and business community. (continued on next page) NTF PROGRAM GRANTS (average amount = $400,000) (Continued) Title, implementing Area of knowledge generation World Bank unit and dissemination Activities to date Emerging results and outcomes Women’s and Children’s Rights in How human rights considerations Reviews and studies: an overview human rights status report on Emerging results – emergence of a broad Democratic Republic of Congo. Africa can improve Bank work in conflict DRC, two literature reviews (i) one on child labor at one mining Government, private sector and civil society Region. settings site, Kolowezi, Katanga, and (ii) a second on women, conflict and consensus around eradicating child labor minerals in the two Kivu provinces. Consultations are underway from Kolowezi mining sites. Actions to be with key stakeholders in Kolowezi, Katanga to achieve a broad agreed in workshop early 2012. Outcomes consensus around removing child labor from the Kolowezi mines. to be considered for uptake in the IDA supported PROMINES mining project. Right to Health for Roma. Use of human rights to promote Completed: (i) Document describing human rights instruments Deepened human rights related knowledge Eastern Europe and Central Asia access to services by minorities relevant to Roma health and their legal obligations; (ii) Review of base for health operations in Serbia, with Region. Roma health literature to provide Bank staff with analytical base emphasis on Roma rights. Upcoming on Roma health issues; (iii) Design of a study in Serbia to measure Bank work (including fee-based technical quality of care for Roma and non-Roma patients. Study to measure assistance to Slovakia to develop a Roma quality of care underway. health strategy) can be informed by both knowledge on human rights instruments and the literature review. Operationalizing human rights Human rights considerations in (i) Paper on Operationalizing Human Rights Approaches in instruments in the Bank’s work working with refugees Development Interventions Targeting Internally Displaced People targeting internally displaced people in Africa; (ii) draft analytical study on developmental aspects of and refugees. human rights and displacement started and outline presented; Social Development Network. (iii) Preparatory work ongoing with partners for the implementation of training activities and case studies. Human Rights and Migration: Human rights considerations in (i) Background paper “Human Rights in the Context of Labor Enhanced knowledge about human rights Identifying Opportunities for Migrant working on migration issues Migration� �nalized and a Policy Brief has been drafted; and labor migration in the Middle East. Protection. (ii) Preparatory work for stocktaking of government functions Middle East and North Africa Region. and services to protect labor migrants in four MENA receiving countries underway. (continued on next page) Annexes 27 28 NTF PROGRAM GRANTS (average amount = $400,000) (Continued) Title, implementing Area of knowledge generation World Bank unit and dissemination Activities to date Emerging results and outcomes Integrating human rights in to the Human rights considerations in Studies under way: (i) how human rights extend into social Emerging knowledge on (i) the public Bank’s work on social protection. the Bank’s strategy on social protection and employment and associated implications for discourse on rights in South Asia and Social Development Network and development Bangladesh; (ii) extending rights on women’s right to employment Bangladesh; (ii) the use of rights dialogue South Asia Region. and violence against women (VAW). Advisory work: Three contracts for coalitions in Bank work. in place supporting service delivery for women victims of violence through a government-run program on VAW. Right to Education for Children with Human rights aspects of working Work underway: (i) preparation of a National Study on Special Disabilities. with persons with disabilities Needs Education in Kenya; (ii) three desk reviews of national legal Legal Department. and regulatory frameworks in EAC Countries from a perspective of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Workshop with 15 Bank staff and UN staff on disability rights and development in October 2011. Equality of Opportunity and Economic How human rights considerations Litterature review of equality of opportunity and social human rights The NTF-sponsored activities inform the and Social Rights. Poverty Reduction can strengthen equality of (full draft - for �nal revisions). Co-hosting Conference at George implementing Bank unit’s economics-based and Economic Management Network. opportunity Washington University on Human Rights Development and Economic empirical work on equality of opportunity Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 Growth for a wide audience of Bank staff, academia and NGOs. going on in about 50 countries and its many Input into several studies including on Equalizing Opportunities associated analytical studies underway in Liberia presented to the Ministry of Planning, reports on about how human rights add value to the opportunities for children in Vietnam, Cote d’Ivoire and Kenya. subject. Discrimination against Women – How Human rights aspects of Section on rights and gender in the 2012 World Development Improved understanding of how human have international conventions and discrimination against women Report on Gender Equality and Development; “Rights and their rights affect gender and development legislation such as the Convention effective implementation shape women’s choices and voices�, p articulated in and disseminated through on the Elimination of All Forms of 157–168. Speci�c analytical outputs: (i) a review of State parties’ the 2012 WDR. Enhanced knowledge Discrimination Against Women commitments under international conventions and how these help of the transposition of the international (CEDAW) been implemented? reduce constraints to women’s autonomy and decision-making; conventions into national law and how this Development Economics/World (ii) a database on women’s rights and legislation; (iii) Paper on reduces constraints on women’s autonomy Development Report (WDR). access to justice and gender barriers to the exercise of rights; in decision-making, and of the relevance of (iv) Associated country case studies. formal human rights treaty commitments to discrimination in development countries. (continued on next page) NTF PROGRAM GRANTS (average amount = $400,000) (Continued) Title, implementing Area of knowledge generation World Bank unit and dissemination Activities to date Emerging results and outcomes Voices of the Vulnerable and Human Interaction between human rights (i) Desk review and mapping of existing research and analysis on Emerging understanding of issues and Rights: Promoting Stakeholder and access to justice access to justice for vulnerable groups in Ethiopia completed by options surrounding the access to justice by Learning on Access to Justice. Africa the Justice and Legal Systems Research Institute (ii) follow up the poor in Ethiopia. Region. research and surveys ongoing. Women, Business and the Law (WBL). Human rights and discrimination Preparation and dissemination of the 2012 World Bank IFC Women Improved understanding and documentation Financial and private sector against women in business Business and the Law report “Removing barriers to economic of legal differences between men and development Network/IFC (wbl. inclusion – measuring gender parity in 141 countries� (launch women in areas affecting incentives or worldbank.org) in Kenya as part of discussion on Constitutional Reforms, and capacity to work or set up and run a presentation at Sida, Sweden, in October 2011), supported by business in 141 countries. NTF and others. Preparation of the “Women’s economic rights Improved understanding of how human and human rights� p 28–31, annex in the 2012 WBL report. rights intersect with gender aspects of Preparation of three follow-up country case studies (in progress). economic inclusion as discussed in and disseminated through the 2012 WBL report. Capacity and institutions Colombia Peace and Development Use of human rights in post-conflict Workshop on human rights in the Peace and Development Project, Enhanced knowledge about how Project. development work Bogota, December 2010, with stakeholders from donors, civil working with human rights approaches Latin America and Caribbean Region. society and program staff/participants. (based on the report from in a post-conflict setting can add value the completed phase I on integration of human rights in regional to development programs. Increased development and peace programs. Start of activities to develop a awareness of the role of human rights as toolbox to strengthen the human rights perspective community- a method for development in post-conflict based driven development projects. Monthly training sessions/ settings among the Bank team and the workshops on human rights under way to analyze and develop many partners and stakeholders. Keen pilot activities. interest from the Government and EU. (continued on next page) Annexes 29 30 NTF PROGRAM GRANTS (average amount = $400,000) (Continued) Title, implementing Area of knowledge generation World Bank unit and dissemination Activities to date Emerging results and outcomes Integrating human rights aspects Advising private sector clients on (i) Contribution of human rights analysis to the update of IFC The updated SF and PS acknowledge in IFC’s private sector development human rights as a risk for business sustainability framework (SF) and associated performance the responsibility of the private sector work. operations standards (PS) approved by the World Bank Board in April to respect human rights and provide IFC. 2011 and to associated consultation and training. Three NTF guidance for clients to enable them to sponsored workshops held for Bank staff and management address human rights impacts and risks (and some members of the World Bank Board). www.ifc.org/ in their operations. They are widely seen sustainabilityframework. (ii) Update and dissemination of IFC’s as the global benchmark for the private Guide to Human Rights Impact Assessment and Management. sector for environmental and social (iii) Implementation guidance tools for the Voluntary Principles sustainability, both for project investment of Security and Human Rights �nalized. Consultations with and �nancial intermediaries, and provide stakeholders including private �rms, NGOs, and governments. a comprehensive approach reflecting key human rights principles. IFC’s work on the Voluntary principles and Impact assessment is also followed with interest by the business community. Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 Incorporating Human Rights Principles Human rights considerations in (i) Country Assessments on Youth Violence, Policy and Programs Strong dialogue with Mexican authorities, into Youth Violence Programming and development work with young completed for South Africa and Mexico; (ii) Participation in Mexican especially on the human rights dimensions Policy Dialogue. people National Conference on youth violence prevention, January 2011; of youth violence and migration and Social Development Network. (iii) Regional youth forums in Mexico are ongoing. Results are to displacement due to violence. feed into national prevention policy. Human rights and development Use of human rights in development (i) Inception report on Child Rights Programming in MENA Interest in children’s rights among assistance in the context of violent work in conflict settings completed; (ii) Regional stakeholder workshop in Jordan in partners and stakeholders and within the conflict and societal fragility. May 2011 with participants from the League of Arab States, Arab League. Emerging lessons (i) Child Middle East and North Africa Region. governments in the Region, World Bank, UN and civil society to rights programming is time-consuming; discuss pilot research on child rights programming; (iii) Fieldwork (ii) Identifying duty-bearers can be hard; conducted in Lebanon, Yemen and West Bank and Gaza; (iii) the principle of non-discrimination is (iv) presentation of results of research at workshop in Beirut 9–10 central both in planning and implementation. November 2011. (continued on next page) NTF PROGRAM GRANTS (average amount = $400,000) (Continued) Title, implementing Area of knowledge generation World Bank unit and dissemination Activities to date Emerging results and outcomes Institutions and Human Rights. Links between human rights and Eight publications prepared, including (i) “The cost of complying Completed publications published and Development Economics. institutions with human rights treaties: The convention on the rights of disseminated in the research community, the child and basic immunization� The Review of International draft papers discussed with audiences Organizations 6(1): 33–56, February 2011; (ii) “Education, Labor inside and outside the World Bank. Rights, and Incentives: Contract Teacher Cases in the Indian Courts� Comparative Law and Labour Policy Journal (forthcoming) 32 (4) July 2011. Three additional outputs are planned on human rights related court decisions and monitoring in Costa Rica and on international distributive justice. The Right to Work: Understanding Support to the 2013 WDR Proposal approved in October 2011. the Human Rights Dimension of Employment . Development Economics/World Development Report (WDR). Annexes 31 Nordic Trust Fund Progress Report: November 2010–October 2011 32 Annex C NTF Article on the World Bank’s Intranet Over the last year, several efforts were made to inform staff of the NTF. Below is one example of an internal article that was posted on December 10, Human Rights Day, 2010. Knowledge and Learning for Human Rights client governmental authorities on access to jus- and Development tice for vulnerable people by integrating access The World Bank contributes to the realization issues from a human of human rights in different areas, e.g., improv- rights perspective into ing poor people’s access to health, education, Bank’s Public Sector food and water; promoting the participation of and Governance Sup- indigenous peoples in decision-making and the port projects in select accountability of governments to their citizens; SSA countries. The aim supporting justice reforms, fighting corruption of the project is to con- and increasing transparency of governments. tribute to more equita- ble and equal provision A program was launched in 2009 to develop a of justice services and more informed view among Bank staff on how to learn from successful Kyle Peters human rights relate to the Bank’s core work experiences in bringing Director and mission of promoting economic growth and justice systems closer Strategy and Country poverty reduction. It is being supported by the to the ordinary people. Services, OPCS $20 million multiyear and multi donor Nordic The project will fill a Trust Fund. This internal knowledge and learning knowledge gap in the select countries by provid- program supports activities that highlight how ing analysis, consultation process and by work- human rights relate to the Bank’s analytical ing in partnerships with other agencies engaged sector/thematic work, and operational work; with and justice issues, both national and inter- and it helps increase awareness among staff and national. management on how the Bank’s work and human rights are related and how human rights aspects can be applied to the Bank’s work. Launch of an NTF Grant and K & P Program Pilot Activity: Voices of the Vulnerable and “ The Bank is very interested in developing an informed view on how human rights relate to Human Rights: Promoting Stakeholder Learn- ing on Access to Justice in Sub Saharan Africa the Bank’s core mission of promoting economic growth � (SSA) and poverty reduction. This NTF grant will promote knowledge and learn- ing opportunities for the Bank staff and among — Kyle Peters Annexes 33 Pilot Activity: Right to Health for Roma teams across the World Bank Group are imple- The overall objective of this NTF grant is to assist menting 27 projects the Europe and Central Asia Human Develop- to explore how human ment team to better incorporate and address the rights can improve exist- right to health for Roma in ECA health projects ing and planned activities and health sector work. It aims to (i) improve the through applied research knowledge and evidence base for better policy- and studies, knowledge making and (ii) increase Bank staff’s understand- and learning events, ing of the Roma’s right to health. and partnerships. These Anders Zeijlon activities, which are at Coordinator and The activities would provide evidence on ineq- different stages of imple- Program Manager uities or discrimination against the Roma com- mentation, focus pri- the Nordic Trust Fund munity in the different dimensions of the right marily on discrimination to health (availability, accessibility, acceptabil- and vulnerable groups—across civil and political ity, and quality). By introducing a right to health rights, capacity and institutions, and economic, perspective, the NTF-financed activities would social, and cultural rights. Financial assistance improve Bank operations in two ways: first by from the NTF for these activities is complemented developing the analytic base on Roma health by technical support by the NTF Secretariat. issues, which have been relatively unexplored in Bank operations to date, and second, by improv- In addition to the 27 pilot activities, in the first ing analytic work by incorporating human rights year of operation, the NTF has sponsored 18 perspectives and frameworks. learning events, the majority of which were deliv- ered with international, regional, or national According to Anders Zeijlon, Coordinator and partners. It has also established an internal and Manager of the Nordic Trust Fund, “Over the last external website and a NTF Bank staff network year, the NTF has helped establish a robust Knowl- and published a research study of human rights edge and Partnership (K&P) program and has indicators. delivered training and capacity-building activities, the majority of which involved global, regional, or The NTF Secretariat maintains and provides reg- national-level partners. We look forward now to ular updates on NTF activities through its web- working with the teams that are implementing page at www.worldbank.org/nordictrustfund on the pilot activities and learning from them.� Task the World Bank’s external website. Nordic Trust Fund (NTF) is a knowledge and learning initiative to help the World Bank develop a more informed view on human rights. It is designed to improve existing Bank involvement on human rights in the overall context of the Bank’s core mission of promoting economic growth and poverty reduction. The NTF is managed by a secretariat in the Operations Policy and Country Services vice-presidency (OPCS). Financial and staff support for the NTF is provided by Denmark, Fin- land, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, with additional funding provided by Germany. THE WORLD BANK