E2948 V8 Government of India Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Rehabilitation and Upgrading to 2 lane / 2 lane with Paved Shoulders and strengthening of Birpur - Udakishanganj Section (km 0 to 106) of NH-106 in the State of Bihar ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN February 2014 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar TABLE OF CONTENTS S. No. Description Page No ABBREVIATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES-1 Introduction E-1 ES-2 Project Description E-2 ES-2.1 Existing and Proposed the Project Road E-4 ES-3 Analysis of Alternatives E-4 ES-4 Description of Existing Environment E-4 ES-5 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures E-7 ES-6 Additional Studies E-8 ES-7 Environmental Management Plan E-9 ES-8 Environmental Budget E-9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Project 1 1.2 Project Proponent 3 1.3 Objective and Need of Environmental Impact Assessment 5 1.3.1 Environmental Clearance Process 5 1.4 Policies, Legal Framework and Legal Stipulations 6 1.4.1 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 9 1.4.2 Wildlife Protection Act 1972 9 1.4.3 World Bank’s Environmental and Social Safeguards 9 1.5 Terms of Reference (TOR approved by EAC) 10 1.6 Validity of Environmental Clearance 18 1.7 Post Environmental Clearance Monitoring 18 1.8 Transferability of EC 18 1.9 Environmental Standards and Code of Practices 18 1.10 Structure of Environmental Impact Assessment Report 19 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Need for the Project 22 2.3 Expected benefits from the sub-project 22 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 2.4 Location of the Project 22 2.5 Existing Conditions 24 2.5.1 Existing Right of Way (RoW) 24 2.5.2 Major Settlements Enroute 24 2.5.3 Existing carriageway configuration with road geometry 24 2.5.3.1 Carriageway Details 24 2.5.3.2 Deficient Horizontal Curves 25 2.5.3.3 Road Side Drain 27 2.5.3.4 Junctions 27 2.5.4 Pavement condition 28 2.5.5 Cross Drainage Structures 28 2.5.6 Traffic Details 29 2.5.7 Animal Crossing 31 2.5.8 Road Accident Details 31 2.5.9 Safety 31 2.6 Proposed Improvements 32 2.6.1 Proposed Right of Way 32 2.6.2 Proposed Design Improvement 32 2.6.2.1 Proposed Carriageway Configuration 32 2.6.2.2 Road Widening Scheme 32 2.6.2.3 Road Geometry 34 2.6.2.4 Pavement Design 35 2.6.2.5 Roadside Drainage 36 2.6.2.6 Junction Improvement 37 2.6.2.7 Cross Drainage Structures 37 2.6.2.8 Projected Traffic 40 2.6.2.9 Road Safety Measures 42 2.6.2.10 Road Side Amenities 45 2.6.3 Resource Requirements 46 2.6.3.1 Construction Materials 46 2.6.2.3 Use of Fly ash 49 CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 3.1 Introduction 53 3.1.1 Necessity of Analysis of Alternatives 53 3.2 “With” and “Without” Project Scenario 53 3.3 Analysis of Alternatives 55 3.3.1 Proposed Realignments 55 3.3.1.1 Comparative Analysis of alternative options. 56 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 3.3.1.2 Availability of Alternative Routes 56 CHAPTER 4 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Introduction 58 4.2 Baseline Data Collection Methodology 58 4.2.1 Project Influence Area 58 4.2.2 Corridor of Impact 58 4.3 Physical Environment 59 4.3.1 Topography 59 4.3.2 Geology 59 4.3.2.1 Geological Formations 59 4.3.2.2 Seismic hazards 60 4.3.3 Drainage Pattern 61 4.3.3.1 Flooding 62 4.3.4 Land Use Pattern 63 4.3.5 Soil 64 4.3.5.1 Soil Characteristics along Project Road 64 4.3.5.2 Mineral Resources 66 4.3.5.3 Borrow Areas 66 4.3.5.4 Fly Ash 66 4.3.6 Meteorology 66 4.3.6.1 Temperature 66 4.3.6.2 Rainfall 66 4.3.6.3 Relative Humidity 67 4.3.6.4 Wind Speed and Direction 67 4.3.7 Air Environment 69 4.3.7.1 Ambient Air Quality of the Project Influence Area 69 4.3.8 Noise Environment 71 4.3.9 Water Environment 73 4.3.9.1 Surface Water 74 4.3.9.2 Ground Water 76 4.3.9.3 Ground Water Quality 77 4.4 Biological Environment 78 4.4.1 Forest 78 4.4.1.1 Forest in the Project Influence Area 78 4.4.1.2 Road Side Plantations 78 4.4.1.3 Tree Cutting within the Proposed RoW 80 4.4.2 Fauna 80 4.4.2.1 Aquatic Ecology 82 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 4.4.2.2 Fishes 83 4.5 Socio Economic Environment 83 4.5.1 Demographic Profile 83 4.5.2 Project affected structures and Common Property Resources 85 4.5.3 Amenities, Cultural and Religious Properties 85 4.5.3.1 Religious Structures 86 4.5.3.2 Presence of Sensitive receptors (School, College etc.) 86 4.5.3.3 Hospitals and Health care services 88 4.5.3.4 Hand Pumps 89 4.5.3.5 Archeological Protected Monuments 89 CHAPTER 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1 General 90 5.2 Physical Environment 92 5.2.1 Topography and drainage pattern 92 5.2.2 Geology 92 5.2.3 Seismicity 93 5.2.4 Land Acquisition 93 5.2.5 Diversion of Forest land 94 5.2.6 Soil Erosion 94 5.2.7 Impact on Soil Quality 95 5.2.8 Borrow Areas 96 5.2.9 Sand/Aggregate Quarries 98 5.2.10 Compaction of Soil 100 5.2.11 Contamination of Soil 100 5.2.12 Impacts due to loss of Productive Soil 102 5.3 Air Environment 103 5.3.1 Generation of Dust-Fugitive Dust 104 5.3.2 Generation of Exhaust Emissions 104 5.3.2.1 Predictions of Air Impacts (Air Quality Modeling) 105 5.3.2.2 Meteorological Conditions 105 5.3.2.3 Traffic & Location 105 5.3.2.4 Links & Receptors 106 5.3.2.5 Emission Factor 106 5.4 Water Environment 109 5.4.1 Water Resources 109 5.4.2 Drainage 111 5.4.3 Loss of Water bodies/Groundwater Sources 114 5.4.4 Surface Water Quality 115 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 5.4.5 Flood Hazards 116 5.4.6 Surface Water Hydrology 117 5.4.7 Ground Water Hydrology 117 5.4.8 Noise Quality 118 5.4.8.1 Reference Noise Levels 121 5.4.8.2 Traffic Volumes and Speed 121A-121G 5.5 Biological Environment 122 5.5.1 Flora-Roadside Plantations and Protected Forest Areas 122 5.5.2 Fauna along the Project Road 124 5.5.3 Aquatic Ecology of Kosi 124 5.5.4 Impacts due to Land Acquisition 125 5.5.4.1 Loss of Private Properties 126 5.5.4.2 Common Properties Resources 126 5.5.4.3 Change in Land use 127 5.5.5 Cropping Pattern and Crop Productivity 127 5.5.5.1 Exploitation of Resource base 127 5.5.5.2 Consumption of Natural Resources 128 5.6 Safety 128 5.7 Archaeological Monuments 129 5.8 Accidents Involving hazardous Materials 129 5.9 Cultural Properties 130 5.10 Socio-Economic Environment (a) Impacts 130 5.10.1 Project Displaced Population 130 5.10.2 Positive Social Impacts 131 CHAPTER 6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 6.1 Stakeholder Consultations 132 6.1.1 Definition of Stakeholder 132 6.1.2 Objective of Stakeholder Consultation 133 6.1.3 Methodology of Consultation 134 6.1.3.1 Stages and Levels of Consultations 134 6.1.3.2 Public Hearing, Schedule IV, under EIA Notification 2006 of MoEF 136 61.4 Issues Raised and Addressal in the Project 136 6.1.4.1 Government of Bihar institutional Meetings 136 6.1.5 Conclusion/Recommendations 149 6.2 Public Hearing 149 6.3 Safety Features in Project Design 175 6.3.1 Preamble 175 6.3.2 Safety Audit Outcomes 175 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 6.3.3 Addressal of Safety Issues in Design 181 6.3.4 Other Improvement and Safety Provisions in Project Section 187 6.3.4.1 Traffic Signs 187 6.3.4.2 Road markings and Delineators 188 6.3.4.3 Speed Breaker 189 6.3.4.4 Crash Barrier 189 6.3.4.5 Marking of Overtaking sections, Sight Distance, Night Visibility 189 6.3.4.6 Bus Stop/Bus Bay 191 6.3.4.6 Truck Lay-Bye 192 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAPTER 7 (EMP) 7.1 Introduction 193 7.2 Other Mitigation Plans 193 Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program 193 7.2.1 (IPDP) 7.2.2 Resettlement Plan 193 7.2.3 Emergency Response Plan 193 7.2.4 Environmental monitoring Program (EMoP) 193 7.2.5 Performance Indicators and monitoring schedule 194 7.2.6 Reporting Mechanism for Environmental monitoring Program 194 7.2.7 Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement 194 7.2.8 Institutional Capacity Building 197 7.2.8.1 Training Awareness 197 7.2.8.2 Management System 201 7.2.9 Grievance Redressal Mechanism 201 7.5 Conclusions and Recommendations 201 7.6 Corporate Social Responsibility CHAPTER 8 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET REFERENCES Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar LIST OF TABLES Table No Description Page No. ES-1 Salient features of existing and proposed road E-4 Table 1.1 Connectivity of Project Corridor with other Important Roads 3 Table 1.2 Project Road length 3 Table 1.3 Environmental Clearance Process 5 Table 1.4 Statutory Clearance Requirements 6 Table 1.5 Environmental and Social Safeguards of World Bank 10 Table 1.6 11 Point wise Compliance of Additional TORs Table 1.7 18 Indian Road Congress Code of Practices for Highway Projects Table 2.1 Details of Project Road 23 Table 2.2 Existing Deficient horizontal curves 25 Table 2.3 Location of Roadside Drains 27 Table 2.4 Intersection/Junction details along the Project Road 27 Table 2.5 Inventory of Major Bridges 28 Table 2.6 Present traffic count at selected locations 29 Table 2.7 Percentage traffic composition 30 Table 2.8 Animal crossing data 31 Table 2.9 Accident characteristics at locations along the project road 31 Table 2.10 Proposed Configuration of the Carriageway 32 Table 2.11 Concentric and Eccentric widening locations 33 Table 2.12 Locations of minor realignments 34 Table 2.13 Proposed Geometric Design Standards 34 Table 2.14 Summary of Pavement Composition from km 0.00 to km 106.00 36 Table 2.15 Chainagewise details of Covered RCC drain proposed 36 Table 2.16 Locations of Raising Embankment Height 37 Table 2.17 Locations of Major bridges along the project road 37 Table 2.18 Summary of minor bridges 38 Table 2.19 Summary of Culverts along the project road 38 Table 2.20 Locations of Retaining Wall for protection of Soil Erosion 38 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table No Description Page No. Table 2.21 Projected volume of traffic 40 Table 2.22 Summary of proposed traffic Signs in Project section 42 Table 2.23 Road Safety Provisions 43 Table 2.24 Location identified for provision of W-Beam Barrier 43 Table 2.25 Existing and proposed Bus Stops and Bus Bays 45 Table 2.26 Quantity of material 46 Table 2.27 Identified borrow area locations in Project Section 47 Table 2.28 Requirement of water for proposed construction works 49 Table 2.29 Summary of Proposed Improvement Plan 50 Table 3.1 ‘With’ and ‘Without’ Project Scenario 54 Table 3.2 Details of Minor Realignments 55 Table 3.3 List of Alternative Strategic Routes 56 Table 4.1 Regional Morph- litho- stratigraphy 59 Table 4.2 District wise Waterlogged Area 61 Table 4.3 Land Use Pattern along the Project Road 64 Table 4.4 Description of Soil Sampling Locations 65 Table 4.5 Physico -Chemical Properties of the Soil Samples (Nov. 2010) 65 Table 4.6 Rain fall (in mm ) for last 5 years 67 Table 4.7 Mean Wind speed and Direction of Project Area 67 Table 4.8 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 69 Table 4.9 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results 70 Table 4.10 Ambient Noise Standards 72 Table 4.11 Details of Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Locations 73 Table 4.12 Ambient Noise Levels along the Project Road 73 Table 4.13 Lists of Water Bodies crossing the project road 74 Table 4.14 Lists of Water Bodies (Ponds) along the project road 74 Table 4.15 Details of Surface Water Quality Sampling Locations 75 Table 4.16 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results 75 Table 4.17 Use based classification of Surface water in India 76 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table No Description Page No. Table 4.18 Details of Water Quality Sampling Locations 77 Table 4.19 Ground Water Quality Monitoring 77 Table 4.20 Different types of trees present along the road corridor 79 Table 4.21 District wise number of trees to be felled 80 Table 4.22 Checklist of Spiders and Common Insects in the Study Area 81 Table 4.23 Fauna recorded within Study Area of proposed project 81 Table 4.24 Demographic Features of the State and Project Area Districts 84 Table 4.25 Total Structures affected 85 Table 4.26 Summary of utilities affected due to proposed project 85 Table 4.27 Religious structures affected 86 Table 4.28 List of Schools and Colleges along the Project Road 86 Table 4.29 List of hospitals along the proposed project 88 Table 5.1 Details of investigation of Borrow Areas and its corresponding lead 96 Table 5.2 Average Daily Peak Hour Traffic Count 106 Table 5.3 Composite Emission Factor 106 Table 5.4 Variation of Concentration of CO on either side of Centre line 108 Table 5.5 Typical Noise Levels of Principal Construction Equipment 119 Table 5.6 Speed-Noise Relationships for Various Motor Vehicles 121A Table 5.6A-H Predicted Noise Levels 121A-F Table 5.7 Additional Land Requirement for the proposed project 126 Table 5.8 Amenities and Public Facilities Falling in the RoW 126 Table 5.9 Materials requirement for Project Road 128 Table 6.1 Types of Consultations 134 Table 6.2 Stakeholder Consultation Schedule 135 Table 6.3 Issues during Public Consultation 136 Issues discussed during the District and Local Level Consultations and 138 Table 6.4 their Addressal in Project Design Table 6.5 Deficient Horizontal Curves 175 Table 6.6 Deficient Vertical Curve in Project Road 177 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table No Description Page No. Table 6.7 Electric Poles, Transformers, Telephone Poles 179 Table 6.8 Details of Roadside Schools & Hospitals 180 Table 6.9 Improvement of Deficient Horizontal Curves 181 Table 6.10 Location identified for departure from Standards 183 Table 6.11 Location for improving the deficient Vertical Alignment 184 Table 7.1 Environment Monitoring Plan 197 Table 7.2 Stage-Wise Reporting System of PIU 199 Table 7.3 Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organizations 204 Table 7.4 Training and Awareness Programmes 220 Table 7.5 Environmental Management Plan Matrix 244 Table 7.6 Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators 247 Table 8.1 Environmental Budget 251 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar LIST OF FIGURES Figure No Description Page No. Fig. ES-1 NHIIP Implementation Arrangement E-2 Fig. ES-2 Location Map of Project Road E-3 Figure 1.1 Project road from Birpur to Udakishanganj and missing link up to 2 Bihpur Figure 1.2 Project Implementation Arrangement 4 Figure 1.3 Flow chart for obtaining Environmental Clearance 6 Figure 2.1 Index Map of Project Road 21 Figure 2.2 Starting Point at km 0.0 Bhimnagar 23 Figure 3.1 Alternative routes available to reach Bihpur (NH 31) from Birpur 57 Figure 4.1 Geological Map of Bihar 60 Figure 4.2 Seismic Zone Map of Bihar 61 Figure 4.3 Flood hazard map of Bihar 62 Figure 4.4 Hydrogeology along the Project Road 63 Figure 4.5 Land Use Pattern along the Project Road 64 Figure 4.6 Wind Rose Diagrams 68 Figure 4.7 View of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 69 Figure 4.8 Monthly average variation of ambient air quality 71 Figure 5.1 Projected Dispersion of CO in Year 2030 107 Figure 5.2 Output file for CO 108 Figure 5.3A-H Predicted Noise Level variation with Distance 121B-H Figure 6.1 Vvarious levels of Consultations 135 Figure 6.2 View of Public Consultation at Fulauth 143 Figure 6.3 View of Public Consultation at Kataiya 143 Figure 6.4 View of Public Consultation at Singheshwar on 7th Feb 2012 144 Figure 7.1 Implementation Arrangements for EMP 195 Compliance of Comments from PCC 265 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar ABBREVIATIONS AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic AAQ Ambient Air Quality AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ASI Archaeological Survey of India CCE Chief Controller of Explosives COI Corridor of Impact CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DIZ Direct Impact Zone DoF Department of Forest EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMU Environment Management Unit EO Environment Officer GOI Government of India HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IMD India Meteorological Department IMD Indian Meteorological Department MDR Major District Road MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest NH National Highway NOC No Objection Certificates ODR Other District Road OMC Optimum Moisture Content PAP Project Affected Person PBG Project Beneficiary Groups PD Project District Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar PHED Public Health Engineering Department PIA Project Influence Area PIC Project Implementation Cell PIU Project Implementation Unit PU Package Unit PUC Pollution under Control Certificate RAP Resettlement Action Plan RCD Road Construction Department RH Relative Humidity ROW Right of Way PROW Proposed Right of Way RPM Respirable Particulate Matter SHG Self Help Groups SOS Strategic Option Study SPM Suspended Particulate Matter STD Sexually Transmitted Diseases WHH Women Headed Household WPA Wildlife Protection Act Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Consulting Engineers Group Ltd MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES.1 INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has been entrusted with the up-gradation of Birpur-Bihpur section of NH -106 of existing single/intermediate lanes to 2 lanes with earthen/paved shoulders configuration in the State of Bihar. The Consultancy services for preparation of Detailed Project Report for the above project was awarded to M/s Consulting Engineers Group Ltd (the Consultants) having their registered office at B-11(G), Malviya Nagar Industrial Area, Jaipur- 302017. CEG have accreditation with Quality Control of India (QCI)/National Accreditation Board of Education and Training (NABET) as per office memorandum dated 02 December 2009 of MOEF. Environmental study of the proposed development activities was carried out to establish the baseline environmental conditions of the project corridor to analyze all the expected impacts, with due importance of socio-economical aspects, suggest suitable cost effective mitigation measures and to prepare EIA and EMP. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONAL REGIME All the Environmental Acts, Rules, Notifications and Amendments, guidelines of MOEF, State and Central Pollution Control Boards, applicable for the up-gradation of the project road are followed while carrying out the EIA study. The length of highway is more than 30 Km involving additional right of way greater than 20 m involving land acquisition. The International boundary with Nepal is also at a distance of 1.37 kms from the project road, which trigger bullet (iv) of General Condition of EIA Notification. Therefore in accordance with the Notification 2006 ‘Birpur – Udakishanganj section of NH-106 project falls in ‘Category-“A” and requires Environmental Clearance from MoEF. The framework specially prepared for National Highway Interconnectivity Improvement Project (NHIIP) by MoRTH for implementation of the project is given in figure ES-1. This project implementation arrangement will be followed. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E1 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Figure ES-1: NHIIP Implementation Arrangement ES.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project road (NH-106) starts at Birpur at km 0.000 latitude 25° 37’ N and longitude 86° 22’E and ends at Udakishanganj at km 106.000 latitude 25° 34’ N and longitude 86° 19’ E, district Madhepura, Bihar (Package I). Location of project road is shown in Fig. ES-2. Birpur is close to international Nepal boundary and is at a distance of about 1.5 Km. The entire stretch of the study road falls under multi-hazardous zone and runs along river Kosi. Further stretch of this road beyond Udakishanganj (106 Km) goes to Bihpur (136 Km) in Bhagalpur district. The length from 106 Km to 136 Km is included in Package II as river Kosi flows across the road and is a major hurdle. Similar but separate EIA, EMP studies are being carried out for this Phase II. The major benefits of this strengthening and widening, to two lanes, of this stretch from Birpur to Udakishanganj are given below:  Improve inter-connectivity between other National Highways (NH-57, NH-107and NH-31) and State Highways (SH-76, SH-66 and SH 58). Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E2 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar  Connectivity with Nepal will increase.  Time and fuel saving due to faster movement of traffic  Reduction of air pollution due to smooth movement of traffic and less idling time of vehicles. Number of accidents and vehicle operation cost will be reduced.  Better facilities to road users e.g. service road, bus bays etc. The project road passes through plain terrain. Land use along the road is mixed type that includes agricultural, vacant and interspersed built-up area. Existing right of way (ROW) is 8-24 m and proposed is 20-24 m. This involves acquisition of about 20 Ha of land for realignments, ROBs and bridge approaches. This land acquisition will impact residential, commercial, religious structures, utilities and trees falling within PROW. While improving the project road, care has been taken to not to obstruct the natural drainage pattern of the area. For this purpose, improving the existing Cross drainage structures and adding new ones wherever necessary has been proposed. Figure ES-2: Location Map of Project Road Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E3 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar ES.2.1 Existing and Proposed the Project Road Salient features of the existing and proposed road are given in Table ES: 1. Table ES: 1: Salient features of existing and proposed road Particulars Existing Proposed Road Length 106 km 106 km Carriageway a) Birpur to Madhepura-76 km length 2- Lane (7.00 m) in Rural area and 2- mostly Intermediate lane (5.50m) lane with paved shoulders (1.50 m) in b) Madhepura to Udakishangang - Urban areas in about 24 km length. 30 km length single lane (3.00 ) Additional 10 m wide land on either side ROW (m) 8 - 24 of ROB at km 28 and km 76. Four short realignments at km 33, km 44, km 64 & km 88 to improve accident Realignment --- prone sharp curves and reconstruction of Bridges. Junctions Major = 7 Major = 7 Railway Over At Raghopur (km 28) & Madhepura Nil Bridge (km 76).Total 2 No. Service Road on Nil 4.00 km on two ROBs. both Sides Bus bays/Bus stops 10 Proposed 10 (total -20) Truck Lay bay Nil One at Kishanganj at km107. Rest Area Nil Nil Toll Plaza Nil 2 Major Bridges 3 (Retained -2) Reconstruction -1 and Additional = 2 Reconstruction -15, Realignment =1 & Minor Bridges 22 (Retained -4) Construction new – 6 Replace = 27, Widen = 36 & additional = Culverts 64 (Retained -1) 188 as per Final DPR ES.3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES An evaluation of the various alignment options was carried out for arriving at the most promising alignment. The analysis of alternatives has been made on the basis of “Long term Scenario with projects and Long term Scenario without project” in terms of potential environmental impacts. An alignment has been finalized on the basis detail study covering social, economic and environment aspects. Four minor realignments are proposed at critical curves, considering the accident rate and minimum land acquisition. ES.4 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT Ten km aerial distance on either side of the project road is studied for assessing the impacts of the infrastructure development activity on endangered wild life species of flora Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E4 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar and fauna, water bodies, protected areas, reserve forests and monuments of archaeological importance. Micro study is conducted within 500m on either side of the project road to record all the sensitive receptors and baseline primary data whose input is required in the project development stage. For a road project to sustain under all adverse conditions, proper strengthening is required for which natural and alternative resources available in the nearby area are explored and their suitability for road construction is examined. Physiographycally the project area lies in Northern Bihar Plains falling within Kosi- Mahananda Interfluves and Kosi megafan which are shaped by the Himalayan and Sub- Himalayan Rivers. Overall the terrain is plain and the elevation ranges between 60-70 meters above MSL with gentle slope towards south. Supaul and Saharsa districts through which the project road traverses falls partially in Zone IV and Zone V, while whole of Madhepura district falls in seismic zone V according to BIS code 1983.This implies that the project road lies in high to very high earthquake risk zone indicating requirement of strong hazard proof road built upon reliable construction materials. Baseline Soil Characteristics were studied for building an earthquake resistant road and to check and maintain the pollutant level of the soil of the surrounding agricultural area. The soil is light colored, sandy to sandy loam textured and notably micaceous, moderately acidic to lightly alkaline with low free CaCO3 and P2O5 content, low soluble salts and low to occasionally high organic carbon. Some of the low lying areas have olive green sandy-loam soils. pH of the soil is between 6.7-7.5 with problems of water logging and alkalinity. Soil samples were collected from the adjacent agricultural fields at km 28+000, 73+000 and 95+000 respectively. The organic matter of these samples ranged between 1.17 to 2.62%. The project area is part of Kosi river basin. Main stream of Kosi mainly drains through North-western part of the project area and joins River Ganga near Kurusela far southeast of project road. Erratic rainfall and poor sub surface drainage in the area is cause for water logging along Kosi River, where standing water can be seen in rainy season and even in winter. Thirteen water bodies in the form of stream and canals exist along the project road. Amongst 16 ponds, 8 fall within the ROW. Adequate cross drainage structures and protective works are suggested after studying the hydrology of the area. Water Quality Surface water is available in plenty; its suitability for road construction was ascertained by analyzing the samples collected from River Kosi and another stream at Simrahi. Drinking water for workers involved in road construction will be abstracted from ground. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E5 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Three ground water sample analysis showed that Faecal Coliform is below 2 MPN/100ml. The results are well within the permissible limit of IS 10500. Meteorology and Ambient Air Quality The subproject area has tropical monsoon climate. Summer season starts in April and ends in June. July to September is the monsoon season. October and November is considered as post monsoon season. Winter commences from December and ends in March. The study area receives annual rainfall between 1250 mm-1350 mm. The relative humidity ranges between 29 % during summer to 90% during Aug-Sep. The summer season is usually dry with high temperature ranging between 38 and 44° during rainy seasons the temperature varies from 28 to 36° C. Temperature during winters varies between 6 and 20° C. The predominant wind direction is between North-northeast and south-Southeast Continuous 24 hours air monitoring was done at a frequency of twice a week at 5 locations during October 2010 to December 2010. The average value of PM10 range 52 and 82 ug/m3. The mean values of PM2.5 at Karzine (km 15+000) was 47ug/m3, at Gwalpada (94+000) 34 ug/m3, Madhepura (73+400) 32 ug/m3 and Simrahi(25+000) 23ug/m3. The mean values of PM10 were found to be 82ug/m3 at Karzine followed by Gwalpada (71ug/m3), Madhepura (63ug/m3) and Simrahi (52ug/m3). The maximum average value of NOx recorded was 24.5 µg/m3 at Gwalpada. SO2 concentration was found to be in the range 6.5 to 8 µg/m3. The values of CO were found to be below 0.5 mg/m3. The observed values of PM10, PM 2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO were within the CPCB prescribed limits. Ambient Noise Level Total eight representative locations mostly close to the project road covering residential, commercial and industrial areas were selected for measuring the present status of ambient noise level. The Ambient noise in the area ranged from 41 dB to 64dB. Biological Environment There are no endangered species of flora and fauna present within the project influence area. No eco sensitive receptors such as wild life park, national parks, wet lands, bird sanctuaries, reserve forest, etc. are located within the project influence area . Most of the trees present within the ROW are Mango-Mangifera indica, Amlakhi- Phylanthus ambilica, Banyan- Ficus indicus, Indian Jujube- Zizyphus mauritiana, Sagwan, Teak- Tectona grandis, Deodaru-Polialthia longifolia, Ghoranim-Melia azedarach, Mahua, Khair- Acacia catechu, Satiana- Alstnia scolaris, Krishnasura - Delonix regia, Kikar or Babul- Acacia nilotica, Khejri- Prosopis cineraria, Neem- Azadirachta indica, Lasura or Lehswa- Cordia dichotoma, Bhimkol-Musa sps, Pipal – Ficus religios. The trees which fall in ROW need to be felled. In this project area the number of such trees is 9014. Total 127.20 ha (road side plantation declared as protected forest area) shall be diverted for the project. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E6 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar ES.5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT and MITIGATION MEASURES Land Environment There will be 20.3288 Ha land acquisition. Compensation for land shall be provided as per the National Highway Act. The reclamation of borrow pits will be carried by the contractor as per the agreement with the owner of the land. Blue metal, sand and other materials will be procured from existing, approved and licensed quarries. Soil Quality The topsoil shall be scrapped carefully and stacked separately. The topsoil shall be re- laid after borrowing earth for construction. It will be administered with suitable dose of manure to maintain fertility of the agricultural field. Air Quality Construction phase environmental impact on air pollution will be short term and localized. It can be mitigated by adopting the following mitigation measures. Hot Mix Plant shall be provided with pollution control devices to mitigate the adverse impact on air quality. Adequate dust suppression measures such as regular water sprinkling on unpaved haul roads, borrow area and vulnerable areas of the construction sites will be adopted. Low exhaust emission construction equipment, vehicles and generator sets will be used at site. Noise Environment Noise is associated with movement of vehicles transporting construction material and operation of other construction equipment. Stationary construction yard shall be located at least 500 m away from the inhabited areas. Equipment and vehicles shall be fitted with silencers and these will be maintained regularly. Trucks loading, unloading and hauling operations shall be so scheduled as to minimize noise impacts near sensitive locations and neighborhood communities. Water Environment The main source of water pollution during construction stage would be sewage generation from construction camps/temporary housing for the workers. This sewage will be treated in septic tank - soak pit system, which is hygienically safe. Proper drainage system will be provided, which will help prevent water logging in construction camps. Oil interceptors at suitable locations have been proposed to prevent the release of oil and grease into the drainage system. These will be cleaned on a regular basis. Flora About 9000 trees are to be felled for proposed 2 lanes, 106 Km stretch with earthen/paved shoulder. Nearly 27,000 trees shall be planted towards compensatory afforestation. A budget for plantation of these trees including 3 year maintenance is Rs.2.28 Crore. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E7 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Deposition of fugitive dust on nearby vegetation may inhibit floral growth. Such impacts will however, be confined mostly to the initial periods of the construction phase and in the immediate vicinity of the construction area. Once the construction is completed fugitive dust emission will be considerably reduced and floral growth would be normal. Waste Disposal Scarified bitumen shall be used for shoulder strengthening after getting approval from the Supervision Engineer and PIU. Earth material generated from excavation of roadways and drainage will be reused during embankment construction and site development. Excess material, if any will be disposed off to the identified dumping sites. Indiscriminate dumping of the waste material shall not be done. Road Safety The probability of accident would be reduced considerably due to divided carriage ways and access control. Proper and elaborate road signs (as per IRC:67-1997), road marking, kern painting and road furniture like kilometers stone (as per IRC:8-1980) will improve road safety. ES.6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES (Public Consultation and Road Safety Measures) In addition to parameters studied in environmental impact assessment and discussed above, additional studies were conducted to assess the impact on society and its safety. A structured social census survey was conducted within the proposed ROW and the analysis of the data revealed that 302 structures will be affected, which includes 17 common property resources (CPRs). One thousand nine hundred ninety seven persons will be affected by the project. Land acquisition for the project is necessary for widening and for other provisions/facilities such as bus bays, service roads and intersections improvement and other amenities, to ensure smoother and faster flow of traffic with adequate road safety. Total land area of 20.3288 ha will be acquired for the project road. Public consultations were carried out throughout the project preparation stage for incorporating stakeholders suggestions in the project design and finalizing alignment for effective design and implementation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). Public hearings were conducted for each districts and the related environmental issues were incorporated in final EIA. An optimized environmental management plan has been prepared which can be implemented during construction and post construction phases. Data regarding accidents were collected through public consultation and also from police official records. Based on these data safety features were incorporated in design for benefit of the road users. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E8 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar ES.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Environmental management Plan has been devised to offset/reduce/eliminate the potential adverse environmental impacts and enhance the positive impacts. Pre-Construction Phase During the pre-construction stage, management measures are required for the clearance of the RoW. Roughly 160 ha land, protecting & replacing 17 community resources and other utilities likely to be impacted. Their enhancement shall also be completed before construction starts so that the community can start using these when the construction activity begins. Construction Phase Construction stage is the most crucial stage of the EMP. It comprises of monitoring of the construction activity for nearly 24 months to ensure that the environment is not impacted beyond permissible limits. Measures have been suggested for addressing the issues of construction site, labor camps, workers’ health and safety. Operation Phase The operation stage will essentially entail monitoring activity like air, water, soil and noise quality control and pre-monsoon cleaning of cross drainage structures along the project road. Responsible agencies for implementation and supervision during pre- construction, construction and operation phases are specified in the EMP. The concessionaire is required to comply with the laws with respect to environment protection, pollution prevention, forest conservation, resettlement and safety. Environmental monitoring for the project shall be carried out throughout the year covering all the seasons as per CPCB guidelines. Environmental monitoring program has been prepared for construction phase and operation phase covering the following:  Construction phase and operation phase monitoring program (Air Quality, Noise level, water quality, soil quality) as per CPCB guidelines.  Monitoring equipment  Survival of compensatory plantation trees  Responsibility for monitoring E-8 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET AND CONCLUSION The total environmental cost is nearly 2.84 Crore including afforestation cost (2.28 Crore), mitigation cost (6.3 lakh), environmental monitoring cost approx (16.62 lakh) and training and mobilization cost (20 lakh). The proposed upgradation of 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 will have multiple benefits in terms of economic development and fast and better connectivity. All adverse environmental impacts identified and assessed Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E9 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar would be reduced to acceptable levels by implementing environmental management plan. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd E10 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT Roads form a critical link in the transport sector accounting for about 60 % of passenger movement, 67 % of freight movement. Transport sector contributes about 70 % to the GDP. National Highway network though forms only 2% of total length of roads in India but carries over 40 % of total traffic in the country. The Ministry of Road Transport & Highway has selected 33 different National Highway stretches, with total length of 3,770 km for up gradation, which has been divided into four main groups. The package under consideration pertains to preparation of the Detailed Project Report for rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulders configuration and strengthening of Birpur-Udakishanganj of (Km 0 to Km 106) of NH-106 in the State of Bihar. The Project road NH-106 starts at km 0.000 (Bhimnagar) and ends at km 106.000 (Udakishanganj). The project corridor passes through the three districts (Supaul, Madhepura and Saharsa) and important township viz. Bhimnagar (km 0.000), Ratanpura (km 9.600), Raghopur (km 25.000), and Pipra (km 44.400), Singheshwar (km 65.200), Madhepura (km 70.800) and Udakishanganj (km 106.000), as shown in Figure 1.1. The present condition of the structures and pavement is not good and potholes are common on the existing road. Due to the poor road condition, the vehicle maintenance cost the traveling time is high. The Sectors that are likely to grow rapidly with up- gradation of NH-106 are agro based industries, health and education sector, etc. Many brick kilns are operating adjacent to NH-106 since raw material is easily available. Water resources are also available in plenty along the project corridor. The Project is being financed by World Bank. The Ministry of Road Transport & Highway is the implementing Authority. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 1 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Figure 1.1: Project road from Birpur to Udakishanganj and missing link up to Bihpur Birpur is close to international Nepal boundary at a distance of about 1.5 Km. The entire stretch of the study road falls under multi-hazardous zone and runs along river Kosi. Further stretch of this road beyond Udakishanganj (106 Km) goes to Bihpur (136 Km) in Bhagalpur district. The length from 106 Km to 136 Km is included in Package II as river Kosi flows across the road and is a major hurdle. Similar but separate EIA, EMP studies are being carried out for Package II (Phase II). The major benefit of this strengthening and widening to two lanes from Birpur to Udakishanganj is improvement in connectivity of the surrounding areas and also with other National Highways NH-57, NH-107 & NH- 31, state highways SH-76, SH-66 & SH-58. It will develop better connectivity and transportation for surrounding villages along the road. Trade of local produce like agriculture, milk and small scale industrial products will increase. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 2 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 1.1 gives the list of Junctions of roads meeting the NH-106 along the entire project stretch. These Junctions are unsafe for the local traffic and pedestrians. These roads cater to a group of villages and the nature and type of traffic is a primarily light and slow moving traffic. Table 1.1: Connectivity of Project Corridor with other Important Roads Location S.No From Type Junction Details To km km 1 0.000 0.040 T Bhimnagar (SH) 2 T Simraha (NH 57 & NH 106 Crossing being developed by 26.480 26.500 NHAI) 3 45.365 45.400 T Pipra (SH 76 & NH 106 Crossing) 4 45.485 45.505 T Pipra (SH 76 & NH 106 Crossing) 5 66.475 66.500 T Singheshwar (SH 66 & NH 106 Crossing) 6 73.900 74.350 T Madhepura (NH 107 & City Road Crossing) 7 105.850 105.890 T Udakishanganj (SH 58 & NH 106 Crossing) The project road passes through three districts and district wise length is described in Table 1.2. The section passes through a variety of land use, such as built up, barren and agriculture. Table 1.2: Project Road length Name of the Road Length S. No. Section (Project Districts (km) Road) 1 Supaul (Birpur – Shyamnagar) (km 0.0 to km 53.0) 53 Madhepura Kamargama – Madhuban (km 53.0 to Birpur- 2 km 80.0) & Arar - Udakishanganj (km 90.50 to km 43 Udakishanganj 106.0) Section (Package-1) 3 Saharsa (Saballa –Turkhai) (km 80.0 to km 90.0) 10 Total 106 The chainage wise details of major villages and town along the NH-106 (package-I) are presented in Annexure- 2.2. 1.2 PROJECT PROPONENT The mandate for the planning, design, implementation and maintenance of the present National Highway network in India rests with the “Ministry of Road Transport and Highways” (MORT&H), Government of India. The primary responsibility for implementation of National Highway Interconnectivity Improvement Project (NHIIP) rests Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 3 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar with the MoRTH. The MoRTH carries out its duties of improvement and maintaining these highways through the NHAI and State PWDs. A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) (headed by a Nodal Officer of Superintending Engineer rank) of National Highway wing, Public Works Department, Govt. of Bihar, has been established. The PIU will play a key role in implementation including the overall control of contracts and of construction activities. The review of the preparation of the Environmental and Social assessments for the project and ensuring the effective implementation of the Environmental Management Plan /Resettlement Action Plan will be carried out by the Environment and R&R Managers at the PIU, in due consultation with the environmental unit Regional Office, PIC, MoRTH, Patna as well as PIC, MoRTH, New Delhi. The PIU will ensure that most of the environmental impact mitigation measures are readily achieved by incorporation of appropriate bid documents and construction contract provisions. On the basis of these documents, these provision shall be enforced and the PIU as well as the supervision consultants working under the direction of PIC, MoRTH should have the commitment and necessary resources to do so. The flow chart shown below Figure 1.2 presents the set-up for implementation arrangements of National Highway interconnectivity improvement projects. Figure 1.2: Project Implementation Arrangement Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 4 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 1.3 OBJECTIVE AND NEED OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT The objective of environmental impact assessment study is to identify the adverse and positive impacts due to project implementation, suggest avoidance, mitigation and enhancements measures in project design and to prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for pre-construction, construction and operation phases of the project. The environmental impact assessment (EIA) study is a requirement for the environmental clearance of a project as per EIA Notification 2006. The EIA Notification 2006 also covers NH projects widening an activity requiring environmental clearance. Obtaining environmental clearance is also an objective. As per EIA Notification 2006 the project road will falls under category ‘A’ of project. Hence the project will require environmental clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi. 1.3.1 Environmental Clearance Process As per the EIA notification of 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated 1st December 2009, highway projects are divided into two categories as mentioned in Table 1.3 below: Table 1.3: Environmental Clearance Process Project activity Category with threshold limit Conditions if, Any A B i) New National Highways; i) All State highways Highway and project and including expressways ii) Expansion of National ii) State highway 7(f) Highways Highways greater than 30 expansion project in General km, involving additional hilly terrain and or condition right of way greater than 20 ecologically sensitive shall apply m involving land area acquisition. Since the length of highway is more than 30 Km involving additional right of way greater than 20 m involving land acquisition. The International boundary with Nepal is also at a distance of about 1.5 km from the project road, which trigger bullet (iv) of General Condition of EIA Notification. Therefore in accordance with the Notification 2006 ,‘Birpur – Udakishanganj section of NH-106 project falls in ‘Category-“A” and requires Environmental Clearance from MoEF. Flow chart for obtaining Environmental Clearance is depicted in figure 1.3 below: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 5 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Figure 1.3: Flow chart for obtaining Environmental Clearance 1.4 POLICIES, LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND LEGAL STIPULATIONS Statutory permissions and clearances required to implement the project are summarized below in Table 1.4. Table 1.4: Statutory Clearance Requirements S. No Act / Rules Purpose Applicability Authority Environment To protect and The project activities MoEF, Gol; DoE, 1 Protection Act-1986 improve overall should maintain State Gov. CPCB; environment emission standards SPCB Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 6 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No Act / Rules Purpose Applicability Authority Environmental Impact To provide Project covered under MoEF. EIAA Assessment environmental EIA Notification- Notification- clearance to new 2 development activities 14th Sep-2006 14th Sep-2006 following environmental impact assessment Notification for use of Reuse large quantity Possibility of use of fly ash of fly ash discharged fly ash shall be 3 from thermal power explored in Engg. MoEF plant to minimize land designs use for disposal Coastal Regulation Protection of fragile Not applicable in the MoEF 4 Zone(CRZ) Notification coastal belt project corridor 1991 (2002) National Environment Address Grievances NA NEAA Appellate Authority Act regarding the process 5 (NEAA) 1997 of environmental clearance. MoEF Circular on Defining “marginal NA MoEF Marginal Land land’ acquisition 6 Acquisition and relating to the 1997 Bypasses 1999 Notification The Forest To check No Forest land is Forest Department, (Conservation) Act deforestation by involved in the Govt. Bihar (for 1927 restricting conversion project, except land conversion The Forest of forested areas into 127.20 ha declared below 5 hectare & (Conservation) Act. non- forested areas notified protected 40 % density). 1980 forest declared 7 protected forest for The Forest (conversion managerial purposes. ) Rules 1981 (Road side plantation)It is required to be diverted for the project. MoEF circular (1998) Protection / planting Applicability of Forest MoEF on linear Plantation on roadside strip as conservation act to roadside, canals and avenue/strip Roadside strip railway lines modifying plantations as these Plantations 8 the applicability of are declared provisions of forest protected forest (Conversation) Act, to areas. linear Plantation Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 7 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No Act / Rules Purpose Applicability Authority Wild Life Protection To protect wildlife No wild life Sanctuary Chief Conservator Act 1972 through certain of or National park is Wildlife, Wildlife 9 National Parks and involved Wing, Forest Sanctuaries Department, GoB Air (Prevention and To control air pollution Emissions from Bihar PCB Control of Pollution) Pollutants should be. construction 10 Act, 1981 machinery and vehicle should be checked time to time. Water Prevention and To control water Various parameters Bihar PCB Control of Pollution) pollution by in Effluents from Act1974 controlling discharge construction sites and 11 of pollutants as per workshops are to be the prescribed kept below the standards prescribed standards Noise Pollution The standards for DG sets at (Regulation and noise for day and construction sites and Control Act) 1990 night have been workshops should be 12 promulgated by the provided with MoEF for various land acoustics enclosures. uses. Ancient Monuments Conservation of If any historical Archaeological Dept and Archaeological cultural and historical remains are found, GoI, Indian Heritage Sites and Remains remains found in would be notified / Society and Indian 13 Act1958 India surrendered to the National Trust for competent authority. Art and Culture Heritage (INTACH). Public Liability and Protection form Shall be taken as per Bihar PCB 14 Insurance Act 1991 hazardous materials requirements and accidents. Explosive Act 1984 Safe transportation, Respective Chief Controller of 15 storage and use of Authorization shall be Explosives explosive material obtained from CCE Minor Mineral and For opening new Quarry Licenses shall District Collector 16 concession Rules quarry. be obtained by Contractors. Central Motor Vehicle To check vehicular All vehicles in Use Motor Vehicle Act 1988 and Central air and noise shall obtain Pollution Department 17 Motor Vehicle pollution. Control Check Rules1989 certificates Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 8 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No Act / Rules Purpose Applicability Authority National Forest Policy To maintain No Forest land is Forest Department, 1952 ecological stability involved in the GoI and GoB National Forest through preservation project. 18 Policy(Revised) 1988 and restoration of biological diversity. The Mining Act The mining act has Quarry Licenses shall Department of been notified for safe be obtained by mining, GoB 19 and sound mining Contractors. activity. 1.4.1 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 The forest conservation act pertains to the cases of diversion of forest area for non- forest use. The process of obtaining forest clearance under this varies with the area of forest land to be diverted. If the area of forests to be cleared or diverted exceeds 40 hectares, the State Government/Union Territory Forest Department would forward the proposal with recommendations to MOEF, New Delhi. If, the forest land is between 5 and 40 hectares, the State Government/Union Territory Forest Department processes the proposal, but the permission is issued by the MOEF, New Delhi. If, the forest land is less than or equal to 5 hectares the State Government/Union Territory Forest Department can give permission. No Forest land is involved in the project, except road side plantation declared protected forest for managerial purposes. 127.20 ha declared notified protected forest (road side plantation) is required to be diverted for the project 1.4.2 Wildlife Protection Act 1972. The wildlife protection act, 1972 has allowed the government to establish a number of National Parks and Sanctuaries over the past 35 years, to protect ands conserve the flora and fauna of the state. When a road project passes through a protected area (PA), like a National park, Wildlife Sanctuary or Biosphere Reserve, prior clearance is necessary from National Board of Wildlife and then from Honorable Supreme Court. Wildlife clearance is a prerequisite for forest clearance for diversion of forest land in protected area. The Environmental Regulatory Frame Work in India is being controlled by “The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Under this Act, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification-2006 has been issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of India. 1.4.3 World Bank’s Environmental and Social Safeguards. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 9 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar The Government of India has applied for financial assistance from World Bank (WB) for the proposed development; hence it is mandatory to incorporate the Environmental and Social safeguards issued by the World Bank. The environmental and social safeguard that would be triggered due to proposed development is given in Table 1.5. Table 1.5: Environmental and Social Safeguards of World Bank S. No. World Bank Policy Triggered by 1 Environmental Assessment Project passes through sensitive areas and likely to have (OP4.01) considerable impacts on environmental and social components. 2 Involuntary Resettlement (OP Involves loss of assets, relocation, loss of livelihood 4.12) 3 Natural Habitats (OP 4.04) Project passes adjacent to eco-sensitive locations, wildlife sanctuaries and costal ecosystems. 4 Forestry (OP 4.36) Project passes through Reserved and Protected Forests. 5 Cultural Resources (OPN11.03) The project entails risk/damage to cultural properties and has livelihood of chance found archeological properties. The Environmental requirements for projects seeking financial assistance from World Bank are based on a three-part classification system and are specified in detail in its Operational Policy (OP) 4.01. Category A - Projects with significant environmental impacts and requiring a full Environmental Assessment (EA), Category B - Projects with moderate environmental impacts and requiring a lesser level of environmental investigation, Category C - Projects which require no environmental analysis. The project is considered under ‘A’ category as per World Bank classification. To assess the status of various environmental parameters in pre and post project period, environmental standards fixed by Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) and Bureau of Indian Standards are referred by the study team. 1.5 TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR approved by EAC) For scope of EIA study the Terms of Reference have been approved by MoEF appraisal committee in its 106th meeting held on October 18, 2011. Point wise compliance of ToR is given in Table 1.6. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 10 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 1.6: Point wise Compliance of Additional TORs S. No Particulars asked by EAC Measures Proposed (i) Any litigation(s) pending against the No litigation is pending against the proposed project proposed project and/or any directions and/or any directions or orders passed by any court or orders passed by any court of of law/any statutory authority against the project law/any statutory authority against the project is to be detailed out. (ii) Submit Land use map of the study area Land use map of the study area on scale 1:25000 to a scale of 1: 25,000 based on recent delineating crop land, water bodies, built up areas satellite imagery delineating the crop and other important features, is provided. lands (both single and double crop), (Annexure- 4.1.) agricultural plantations, fallow lands, waste lands, water bodies, built-up International boundary with Nepal is clearly areas, forest area and other surface delineated on enclosed Map. The minimum distance features such as railway tracks, ports, of International boundary from project road is 1.3 km airports, roads, and major industries, (Annexure 1.3) etc. and submit a detailed ground Ground survey map of proposed ROW in scale of surveyed map on 1:2000 scale showing 1:2000 is provided. the existing features falling within the right of way namely trees, structures (Annexure 1.1) including archaeological & religious, monuments, etc, if any. (iii) Study regarding the Animal bypasses / Survey was conducted to observe animal crossings. underpasses, etc, across the habitation Significant numbers of crossings were not present. areas shall be carried out. Adequate (Table 2.8) cattle passes for the movement of agriculture material shall be provided at The present project is only rehabilitation of two lanes the stretches passing through habitation to two lanes with paved shoulders. Traffic load is areas. also not high. Provision of underpasses not considered in accordance with IRC 73 manual. Traffic load data is provided in table 2.6. (iv) It is indicated that 2692 trees are Number of trees affected has changed in joint proposed to be cut, the information verification at site. It is now 9014 trees are proposed should be provided about their species to be felled. Name of species and girth size of and whether it also involved any affected plants due to the proposed project road are protected or endangered species. provided in Annexure 4.5. Necessary green belt shall be provided No protected and endangered species found along on both side of the highway with proper the project road. central verge and cost provision should be made for regular maintenance. MoRTH shall deposit the fund to Forest Department for compensatory afforestation and their maintenance upto 3 years for double the area in lieu of diverted area. The avenue plantation shall be carried out as IRC: SP21:2009 on the available land within proposed RoW Nearly 27,000 trees shall be planted on both side of the highway with proper central verge. Provision of Rs. 217 Lakhs is made for green belt Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 11 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No Particulars asked by EAC Measures Proposed development and its maintenance for 3 years. (v) The proposed route is passing through 72 villages are located along the project road. a city or town, with houses and human habitation on the either side of the road, (Annexure 2.2) the necessity for provision of Provision of bypasses / diversions/underpasses is bypasses/diversions/under passes shall not considered. In most of the villages, settlements be examined and submitted. The have sufficient distance from the edge of the road. proposal should also indicate the location of wayside amenities, which One truck lay-bye and 10 bus stoppages are should include petrol station/service proposed. centre, rest areas including public conveyance. (vi) Submit details about measures taken For the pedestrian safety, following measures have for the pedestrian safety and been taken: construction of underpasses and foot- over bridges along with flyovers and  Raised footpaths in semi urban areas. interchanges.  Lane marking as per IRC 35 guideline.  Signage marks as per IRC 67 guideline.  Provision of bus bays & truck parking areas. Foot path along the ROB, major and minor bridges are provided as per IRC guidelines. 4 km service road with via-duct is provided along 2 nos. flyovers. (vii) Assess whether there is a possibility There will be minimum possibility of traffic that the proposed project will adversely congestion and accident due to proposed project affect road traffic in the surrounding activities i.e. transportation of construction material areas (e.g. by causing increases in and diversion of both side traffic on one lane. traffic congestion and traffic accidents). For safe movement of existing traffic following measures will be taken during construction phase-  For the transportation of road material uses those ways, which have minimum public importance.  Maximum transportation of material will be during lean hours. (viii) Clearly indicate/provide details Base line data has been collected along the project regarding the location, date (along with road during October to December 2010 (Air and site photographs with the background of Noise) and 2011 (Soil and Water) as per MoEF monitoring equipments and/or sample guidelines through NABL accredited Laboratory M/s. collection in process) and protocol CEG Test House and Research Centre Pvt. Ltd. adopted for sampling and analysis of NABL accreditation certificate with scope is various environmental parameters as a enclosed as Annexure 4.3A part of the baseline data collection. Monitoring schedule/protocol with date and results along with site photographs are provided in Ch- Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 12 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No Particulars asked by EAC Measures Proposed 4.3.7.2 of EIA report and Annexure 4.3. (ix) Examine and submit the details of sand Excavation quantity and locations of sand quarry & quarry, borrow area and rehabilitation. borrow area have been addressed in Table 2.22 and Annexure 2.6. As per MoEF guidelines, Fly ash generated Thermal Power is to be used in construction activities, if available with 100 Km. Kahalgaon Super Thermal Power Plant in Bhagalpur is at distance of 87 Km from the end 3 of the project road. Nearly 2,500 M Fly ash may be used in the project. Technical feasibility shall be examined. (x) Climate and meteorology (max and min Meteorological data have been collected from IMD temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, centre Patna and used in air quality monitoring and frequency of tropical cyclone and snow modelling (Sec- 4.3 in Ch- 4). fall); the nearest IMD meteorological station from which climatologically data have been obtained to be indicated. (xi) The air quality monitoring should be Ambient Air quality monitoring has been carried from carried out as per the new notification Oct. to Dec., 2010 as per MOEF guideline manual issued on 16 November 2009. 2010.Monitoring locations are given in Table 4.15 Mean Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 NO2, SO2 and 3 CO were found in the range of 52-82 µg/m , 23-47 3 3 3 µg/m , 17.9-24.5 µg/m , 6.5-8.0 µg/m and 0.35-0.46 3 mg/m respectively Details of Ambient Air Quality monitoring along with results (Annexure 4.3) and standard are provided in Annexure 4.4 (xii) Identify project activities during The construction activities like Site Clearance, Bulk construction and operation phases, fill (importing of material), surfacing, Concrete which will affect the noise levels and the foundation and retaining wall, Erection of formwork, potential for increased noise resulting Piling (Assume bores piling), road realignment and from this project. Discuss the effect of diversion work increase the level of surrounding noise levels on nearby habitation during noise. the construction and operational phases of the proposed highway. Identify noise Noise generation from machine, vehicles and reduction measures and traffic instrument (used in construction phase) is provided management strategies to be deployed in Table 5.4. for reducing the negative impact if any. Identification and assessment of anticipated Prediction of noise levels should be environment and prediction of noise levels have done by using mathematical modelling been carried and prediction modeling of noise levels at different representative locations. has been carried and presented in chapter 5. (xiii) Examine the impact during construction Impact and mitigate measure of fugitive dust are activities due to generation of fugitive provided in section 5.3 of Ch-5. dust from crusher units, air emissions from hot mix plants and vehicles used Water will be sprayed over the earthworks and dust Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 13 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No Particulars asked by EAC Measures Proposed for transportation of materials and generating units to suppression of dust. prediction of impact on ambient air quality using appropriate mathematical Dust collector units shall be used along with batch model, description of model, input and crasher units. requirement and reference of derivation, Hot mix plants will be installed in down wind distribution of major pollutants and direction minimum 1 km away from any populated presentation in tabular form for easy area and will have in-built provision of pollution interpretation shall be carried out. control equipments. All construction equipment and vehicles will be operated with pollution under control certificate. Regular maintenance of vehicle and construction equipments. Regular monitoring of ambient air quality will be carried out during construction and operation phase. Impact on ambient air quality is predicted by using CALINE-4 mathematical model and presented in sections 5.3.4 to 5.3.8 of Ch-5. (xiv) Also examine and submit the details During construction and operation phase, following about the protection to existing mitigation measures will be adopted to minimize habitations from dust, noise, odour, etc, impact from dust, noise and odor: during construction stage.  Sprinkling of water to suppress dust.  Maintenance of vehicles and construction equipments.  Use of silencers and mufflers  Construction debris and waste disposal as per standard practice.  Use of applicable IRC guidelines Details are given in chapter 5 of EIA report. (xv) If the proposed route involves cutting of Most of the alignment is plain, so there will be earth, the details of area to be cut, minimum requirement of cutting of the earth surface. depth of cut, locations, soil type, volume The excavation material from the present road and quantity of earth and other surface will be reused in making of shoulder of the materials to be removed with location of proposed road. disposal/dump site along with necessary permission. The additional material (766100 cum - 150200 cum) shall be met out from approved quarries. Locations of quarries are provided in Annexure 2.6. (xvi) If the proposed route is passing through There is no low lying area along project road, low lying areas, details of fill materials however water logged areas exist. and initial and final levels after filling above MSL, should be examined and Very small water logged area lies along the project submit. road from Km. 2.300 to Km. 2.370 (only 70m). A minor bridge has been proposed in this area. The embankment is designed in accordance with the Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 14 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No Particulars asked by EAC Measures Proposed guidelines provided in IRC 75-1975. There are 64 existing culverts. 1 retained, 36 retained with widening and 27 reconstructed. 188 additional culverts are proposed for improving the hydrology from km 0 to km 106. (Chapter 2.4.2.6) The embankment will be raised minimum 1.4 to 2.4 m. (Including pavement). (xvii) Examine and submit the water bodies Irrigation canal- crossing at km 10+635, km including the seasonal ones within the 50+460 and km 92+424. corridor of impacts along with their status, volumetric capacity and quality Stream crossings at km 33+870, 401+910, likely impacts on them due to the 49+675, 52+380, 63+538, 66+764, 74+227, 75+057, project. 98+809, 112+816, 121+246 and at km 123+056 Ponds: at km 45, at 46+000 and at 49+800 Volumetric capacity of these water bodies is given in Table 4.6. 16 Ponds exist along the project road. 8 ponds exist within the existing ROW. (Table 4.7) (xviii) Examine and submit details of water Water requirement during the construction phase is quantity required and source of water nearly 380 KLD. Mostly surface water (360 KLD) including water requirement during the shall be used for construction. Ground water (20 construction stage with supporting data KLD) shall be required for domestic use by workers. and also classification of ground water The area does not fall under overexploited/dark based on the CGWA classification. zone as per CGWA classification. (xix) Examine and submit the details of Following measures shall be taken during measures taken during constructions of construction of bridges across the rivers, major and bridges across river/canal/major or minor drains keeping in view the flooding of the minor drains keeping in view the rivers and the life span of the existing bridges: flooding of the rivers and the life span of the existing bridges. Provision of speed  Slope stabilization on the banks of river/drains by breakers, safety signals, service lanes turfing. and foot paths should be examined at  Provision of gabion retaining wall for river bank appropriate locations throughout the protection. proposed road to avoid the accidents.  Scour protection measures below the bridge.  IRC guidelines IRC: 103-1988 and other have been followed.  Safety signage, marking, zebra cross way will be provided. (xx) If there will be any change in the There will be no change in the drainage pattern after drainage pattern after the proposed the proposed activity as sufficient numbers of cross activity, details of changes shall be drainage structures are to be provided. examined and submitted. Major Bridge: 5 nos Minor bridge : 26 nos Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 15 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No Particulars asked by EAC Measures Proposed Culverts: 252 Drainage pattern along stretch is given in Annexure 1.2. (xxi) Rain water harvesting pit should be at Rainwater harvesting is not required as water table least 3 - 5 m. above the highest ground along project road is varying between 3 to 10 m only water table. Provision shall be made for Provision of oil interceptor has been made for oil and oil and grease removal from surface grease removal. runoff. (xxii) If there is a possibility that the 127.20 ha declared notified protected forest (road construction/widening of road will cause side plantation) is required to be diverted for the impact such as destruction of forest, project. But the declared protected forest land to be poaching, reductions in wetland areas, if diverted is minimum & will not cause any destruction so, examine the impact and submit of forest. A diversion proposal for the same has details. been submitted to the State forest. 9014 trees are proposed to be felled due to 2 lanes with paved shoulder of the project road. (xxiii) Submit the details of road safety, All safety measures for 2-lane project during signage, and service roads, vehicular construction and operation phases are proposed to under passes, accident prone zone and be followed as per IRC guidelines. the mitigation measures. (xxiv) IRC guidelines shall be followed for IRC Guidelines are followed for designing and widening & up-gradation of road. preparation of the project road. Details of IRC guidelines are provided in Table 1.7. (xxv) Submit details of social impact A detailed Social Impact Assessment study has assessment due to the proposed been undertaken. The summary of the social impact construction of road. assessment study has been given in Annexure-4.9 (xxvi) Examine road design standards, safety 1. Project road has been designed according to IRC equipment specifications and guidelines and standards. Curve improvement, Management System training to ensure realignments, safety barriers, crash barrier and that design details take account of guard stones have been proposed for traffic safety concerns and submit the traffic safety. management plan. 2. The detailed study of the Environmental management plan is given in chapter 7 of EIA/EMP report. (xxvii) Accident data and geographic  During 2-lane with paved shoulder, all the sharp distribution should be reviewed and curves will be eased analyzed to predict and identify trends? In case of expansion of the existing  During post construction phase, ambulance and highway and provide Post accident first aid facilitation will be available round the emergency assistance and medical care clock. to accident victims Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 16 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No Particulars asked by EAC Measures Proposed (xxviii) If the proposed project involves any land reclamation, details to be provided Not required for which activity land to reclaim and the area of land to be reclaimed (xxix) Details of the properties, houses, Due to project road improvement proposal, 425 businesses, etc. activities likely to be affected households and 17 common Property effected by land acquisition and their Resources including 9 Religious structures and 1 financial loses annually. School and 7 govt. buildings will be partially affected. (xxx) Detailed R&R plan with data on the  The affected families will be compensated as per existing socio-economic status of the National Highway act for the land population in the study area and broad property/residential, property/commercial property plan for resettlement of the displaced being acquired along with any immovable assets. population, site for the resettlement colony, alternative livelihood concerns/  Any resettlement colony is not proposed. employment and rehabilitation of the  No civil and housing amenities are being offered displaced people, civil and housing to affected families. amenities being offered, etc, the schedule of the implementation of the project specific. (xxxi) Submit details of Corporate Social  Corporate social responsibility has been Responsibility. Necessary provisions considered to the extent possible within project should be made in the budget limits.  Schools have been proposed to be enhanced, the boundary walls proposed to ensure safety of children. Playgrounds will be leveled with extra earth that will be generated from construction. Construction camp will be handed over to the local authority for usage of water. (xxxii) Estimated cost of the project including The total project cost is Rs 659.48 crore for Package environmental monitoring cost and I (km 0 to km 106), which includes 2.84 crore as funding agencies, whether environmental cost and 82.04 crore R&R cost. governmental or on the basis of BOT, Funding agency is World Bank/Government. etc, provide details of budget provisions (capital & recurring) for the project specific R&R Plan. (xxxiii) Submit environmental management and Environmental management Plan and monitoring plan for all phases of the Environmental Monitoring plan provided in chapter project viz. construction and operation. 7 of EIA report. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 17 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 1.6 VALIDITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE The prior environmental clearance granted is valid for a period of five years. The regulatory authority concerned may extend this validity period by a maximum period of five years. 1.7 POST ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE MONITORING Project management unit will have to submit half-yearly compliance reports as per the stipulated environmental clearance terms and conditions to the regulatory authority concerned, on 1st June and 1st December of each calendar year as per EIA Notification 14th Sep 2006. These reports shall be made available on website and related latest document by the concerned regulatory authority. 1.8 TRANSFERABILITY OF EC The present project is Ministry of Road Transport and Highways project. Transferability of EC is not required /applicable for public projects. 1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND CODE OF PRACTICES Documents studied for the present environment assessment exercise is presented below.  Environmental Impact Assessment Guidance Manual for Highways, MoEF 2010.  Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of India EIA notification 2006  Environment Impact Assessment – A Manual, 2001 - Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of India  Environmental Guidelines for Rail/Road/Highway Project – 1989, Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of India  Roads and Environment – A Handbook, 1997 – World Bank  Handbook on Environmental Procedures and Guidelines, 1994 Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of India  Operational Policy of World Bank (OP) 4.01. Table 1.7: Indian Road Congress Code of Practices for Highway Projects S.No Related subject to recommended code of practices IRC Code 1. Guidelines for use of Fly Ash in Road Embankments IRC: SP: 58-2001 2. Ribbon development along Highways and its prevention IRC: SP: 15-1996 3. Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Project IRC: 104-1988 4. Guidelines on Road Drainage IRC: SP: 42-1994 5. Report containing recommendations of the IRC regional workshops IRC: SP: 27-1984 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 18 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar on Highway Safety 6. Recommended practice for Borrow pits for Road Embankments IRC: 10-1961 constructed by Manual operation 7. Road accident Forms IRC: 53-1982 8. Proceedings of International Seminar on sustainable development in 8.10.2001 Road Transport 9. Highway Safety Code IRC: SP: 44-1996 10. Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities IRC: 103-1988 11. Guidelines on Safety in Road Construction Zones IRC: SP: 55:2001 12. Recommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for IRC: 36 – 1974 erosion control 13. Guidelines on bulk bitumen transportation and storage equipment IRC: SP: 39 14. Manual on landscaping of roads IRC: SP: 21 – 1979 15. Road safety for children IRC: SP: 32 – 1988 1.10 STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT. The Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan Report has been prepared as per format described in the EIA Notification-2006 complete with necessary details, tables, drawing and annexure as per requirement of ToR is as follows: Executive Summary Chapter -1: Introduction provides an introduction consisting of background of project, brief description of nature, size, location of the project and its importance objectives of EIA and structure of EIA report. Chapter -2: Project Description describes in terms of its basic activities. This chapter of the EIA report provides sufficient details on the project, need for project, location and description of the project. Chapter -3: Analysis of Alternatives examines alternative means of carrying out a project involves description of each alternative, summary of adverse impacts of each alternative, mitigation measures proposed for each alternative and selection of best alternative. Chapter -4: Description of the Environment provides the details of study area, period, components & methodology, establishment of baseline for valued environmental components, as identified in the scope, it deals with physical and biological environmental components of baseline environmental conditions in the study area of the project road, namely, soil, hydrology, water quality, climatology, meteorology, ambient air quality, noise levels and land use as well as terrestrial ecology. Baseline environmental conditions for demographic and socio-economic aspects are also presented briefly. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 19 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Chapter -5: Potential Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures describes the anticipated potential environmental impacts, both-direct and indirect, reversible and irreversible on different environmental parameters during construction and operation of proposed road and mitigation, offsetting or enhancement measures recommended. Chapter -6: Additional Studies (Public Consultation and Road Safety Measures) describes types of public consultations with their major findings, details of public hearing and safety provisions adopted in project design. Chapter -7: Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan (EMP) describes the description of the administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigative measures, Environmental monitoring plan are implemented and their effectiveness monitored after approval of the EIA. Chapter -8: Environmental Budget. References Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 20 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 INTRODUCTION Ministry of Road transport and Highways, Government of India has decided for widening and strengthening of Single/Intermediate lane of National Highways in eight states under Non NHDP category for about 3,800 km. Some of these stretches are proposed to be improved through the assistance of World Bank. The total stretches are classified in to four groups namely Group A, Group B, Group C and Group D. The project corridor i.e. NH 106 falls under Group B. Bihar’s National Highways infrastructure could not be adequately developed. Some of these stretches proposed are to be taken up through the assistance from the World Bank. The Project Road is the section of National Highway No.106 starts at Bhimnagar (km 0.00) and ends at km 106.00 at Udakishanganj. The entire project highway passes through three districts namely Supaul, Madhepura and Saharsa. The terrain is mostly plain. The carriageway is mostly single lane to intermediate lane in 76 km length and single lane in balance 30 km. Figure 2.1: Index Map of Project Road Project highway lacks safety due to adequate road signs and markings are not presently available. International boundary with Nepal is at a distance of 1.5 km from the project road at starting point. The index map of the project road is given in Figure 2.1 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 21 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Three National Highways (NH 57, NH 107 and NH 31) and 3 State Highways (SH 76, SH 66 and SH 58) meet the project highway. NH 106 and NH 107 overlap in Madhepura town in a length of 2 km. 2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT The horizontal alignment of the road is fluent except sharp curves at few locations. The region traversed by NH-106 is neglected in terms of effective and efficient mode of communication, either Railways or Roadways. This is very important road project for the development of the Supaul, Saharsa, Madhepura, Bhagalpur and associated areas. 2.3 EXPECTED BENEFITS FROM THE SUB-PROJECT. The project envisages the following advantages:  The present road improvement project is under taken to improve the connectivity between intersections at crossing of NH 57, NH107, SH 58, SH 66 and SH 76.  Reduced maintenance costs and savings in vehicle operating costs  Improve the condition of existing traffic flow by removing all bottlenecks at various locations and junctions  Improved accessibility of the existing highway.  Improve and strengthen the existing quality of the pavement to take heavy loads so that pavement failure, maintenance etc. are minimized.  Increase the carrying capacity of the existing traffic volume and enable it to cater to the future traffic.  Improve the horizontal and vertical alignment of the existing road.  Nalanda is an important historical educational destination in India. The road construction will provide better transportation facility for tourists visiting Patna, Nalanda and Nepal. 2.4 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT The Project stretch starts at Bhimnagar at km 0.00 (Longitude 860 58’ 0.0”E and Latitude 260 30’ 0.0 “N) and ends at Udakishanganj km 106.00 (Longitude 860 56’ 0.0”E and Latitude 250 40’ 0.0 “N.’) as shown in Figure 2.2. The road development is almost confined within 24 m width of ROW. Encroachers, squatters and those, whose land is being acquired for the development of the road, are mostly among affected people within available ROW for realignments for geometric improvements. Details of the project road are given in Table 2.1. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 22 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Project Road Km (0.0) NEPAL Birpur Figure 2.2 Starting Point of the Project ( km 0.0) at Bhimnagar Table 2.1: Details of Project Road S.No. Project Road Description Supaul (Birpur – Shyamnagar) (km 0.0 to km 53.0) Bhimnagar to Length (km) 53 Udaikishanganj (km 0.0 to 106.00) Madhepura Karangav – Madhuban (km Birpur- 53.0 to km 80.0) & Arar-Udakishanganj (km 1 Udaikishanganj Length (km) 106 90.0 to km 106.0) Section Three Districts Length (km) 43 Supaul, Madhepura and Saharsa Saharsa (Saballa –Turkhai) (km 80.0 to km 90.0) Length (km) 10 The project highway will increase interconnectivity among NH-57, NH-107, NH-31, SH-76, SH-66, SH-58 and other associated intermediate roads. 2 Trade of local produce like agriculture, milk and small scale industrial Connectivity products will increase. This is very important road project for the development of the Supaul, Madhepura, Bhagalpur and associated areas in particular NEPAL, which is about 1.5 Km from project road. The project highway has got settlements throughout its length with more 3 Settlements than 72 major and minor habitations covering 41 km length. The land use pattern along the project area is mostly agriculture (about 85 %) and built-up areas. In the proposed development concentric widening 4 Land Use option has been considered to avoid negative social and environmental impacts due to more land acquisition. Land use map of the study area on scale 1:25000 delineating crop land, water bodies, built up areas and other important features is provided International boundary with Nepal is about Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 23 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S.No. Project Road Description 1.5 km. It is delineated on enclosed map. (Annexure-1.3) The Project Highway traverses mostly flat terrain, with occasional rolling terrain. The horizontal alignment of NH 106 is fluent except for some sharp 5 Topography curves from km 0 to 106. Most of the terrain is underlain by the floodplain deposits of the Indo-Gangetic Alluvium. The water table in the area varies between 3 to 10 m. Cross drainage is taken care by 3 major bridges, 22 minor bridges, and 66 culverts. All streams take water from Kosi River, which emerges from Nepal and merges with Ganga later at Kursela. The cross sections and longitudinal sections of stream, HFL has been collected from local enquiry Hydrology and 6 during detailed site investigation. The hydrological data for the bridges at Drainage pattern km. 10.635, 50.460, 91.195, 96.925, which are across existing irrigation canals has been collected from concerned departments. Most of the stretch area remains water logged and therefore rain water harvesting is not proposed. Raised embankment is considered. 2.5 EXISTING CONDITIONS 2.5.1 Existing Right of Way (ROW) The project road passes through three districts namely Supaul, Madhepura and Saharsa. Predominantly land use is under agricultural followed by residential. The existing right of way along the project corridors has been verified from Revenue Map and is varying from 8 m to 25 m. At two locations Kataiya and Singheshwar which are built up areas, the available ROW is narrow as result has implication with respect to congestion and road safety. Encroachment is also evident all along the project road in the urban areas. List of existing ROW is given in Annexure 2.1. 2.5.2 Major Settlements Enroute The project stretch passes through 72 villages. These settlements are adjoining to project road and concern of road safety on account of proposed road improvement is apparent. The chainage-wise of major settlement under the project influence zone are presented in Annexure 2.2. 2.5.3 Existing Carriageway Configuration with Road Geometry The existing road width varies from single to intermediate lane. From beginning of the stretch till km 74 most of the roadway comprises of intermediate lane. From km 74 to km 106 entire stretches comprises of single lane. The entire road stretch comprises of earthen shoulder (ER) on both sides except for a four kilometer stretch from chainage km 2.200 to km 6.400, which consists of cement concrete (CC) and bitumen (BT) either side. The condition of the shoulder on the entire stretch varies between fair and poor. 2.5.3.1 Carriageway Details Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 24 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar The existing roadway width varies between 2.5 m to 11m. At the beginning of the stretch till the chainage km 76 most of the carriageway comprises of 3m width and 5.5m width. From chainage km 76 to km 106 entire stretch comprises of 3m wide carriageway. 2.5.3.2 Deficient Horizontal Curves There are 63 sharp curves having a radius less than 230m corresponding to a minimum design speed of 80km/hr. Deficient horizontal curves (Table 2.2) either in radius or in transition lengths and curve length have been improved to the extent possible with existing ROW to avoid land acquisition. The curves which lack in safety are improved by straightening the alignment. Table 2.2: Existing Deficient horizontal curves Sl. No Proposed Curve Existing Radius Existing Speed Existing km No. (m) (km/h) 1 5 2.679 200 50 2 6 2.778 200 40 3 7 3.447 200 50 4 15 8.785 130 50 5 19 10.544 130 50 6 20 10.72 130 65 7 37 16.751 200 40 8 59 24.742 90 40 9 60 24.907 200 50 10 80 32.123 70 35 11 81 32.298 50 65 12 90 36.1 120 40 13 98 38.338 200 40 14 106 39.773 120 50 15 108 40.286 180 50 16 122 43.214 150 40 17 - 43.62 80 - 18 123 43.79 40 - 19 124 44.37 150 50 20 - 44.61 120 - 21 125 45.067 90 65 22 126 45.145 120 40 23 127 45.365 90 35 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 25 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Sl. No Proposed Curve Existing Radius Existing Speed Existing km No. (m) (km/h) 24 128 45.472 100 35 25 130 46 130 35 26 131 46.223 80 65 27 133 46.312 130 35 28 143 49.812 180 50 29 145 50.287 130 50 30 146 50.501 180 50 31 149 51.59 200 50 32 150 52.07 130 65 33 151 52.568 150 50 34 152 53.031 180 65 35 172 61.924 180 50 36 173 62.075 150 50 37 176 62.54 130 50 38 - 62.69 70 - 39 - 62.992 70 - 40 - 63.117 150 - 41 178 64.05 80 - 42 184 66.467 100 40 43 185 66.666 100 40 44 186 66.82 150 40 45 - 66.986 180 - 46 187 67.09 200 50 47 192 68.157 200 50 48 193 68.268 200 65 49 194 68.457 100 80 50 198 69.721 200 60 51 205 71.262 150 65 52 206 71.646 165 80 53 210 72.267 100 50 54 211 72.421 150 65 55 73.267 150 - 56 221 74.715 150 65 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 26 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Sl. No Proposed Curve Existing Radius Existing Speed Existing km No. (m) (km/h) 57 254 88.991 200 - 58 261 91.927 120 50 59 277 99.947 200 100 60 283 102.851 150 100 61 - 102.968 150 - 62 285 103.39 120 63 287 104.286 150 50 2.5.3.3 Road Side Drain As per inventory done, in most stretches of the road there are no drains, in few stretches there are partially existing drains that are partial functioning. Since the project road lies in the Kosi river basin which is a flood affected region, the improvement of the drainage condition is very much essential. Chainage-wise location of existing drains is given in Table 2.3. Table 2.3: Location of Roadside Drains Location Chainage Remarks 21.800 to 22.400km 35.800 to 32.600 km 56.400 to 56.800km Partial Functioning of drainage was found 58.600 to 58.800 km 64.00 to 64.400 km 2.5.3.4 Junctions There are 7 major intersections and 233 minor intersections (Village roads crossing or connection project road) along the whole project stretch. The details of the existing Major Junctions along the project stretch are shown in Table 2.4 Table 2.4 Intersection/Junction details along the Project Road Location Category of Cross Road S. No. At grade Separated From km to km NH SH MDR Others At grade T Junction 1 0.000 0.040 - - - MDR (At Bhimnagar ) At grade + Junction (At Simraha) 2 26.480 26.500 - 57 - - (Being Developed by NHAI) At grade T Junction 3 45.365 45.400 - - 76 - (At Pipra) Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 27 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Location Category of Cross Road S. No. At grade Separated From km to km NH SH MDR Others At grade T Junction 4 45.485 45.505 - - 76 - (At Pipra) At grade T Junction 5 66.475 66.500 - - 66 - (At Singheswar) At grade T Junction 6 73.900 74.350 107 - - - - (At Madhepura) At grade T Junction 7 105.850 105.890 - - 58 - - (At UdaKishanganj) 2.5.4 Pavement Conditions The pavement condition is main concern of a road and in the present existing road pavement condition is not good and requires immediate up-gradation or reconstruction. The pavement condition varies from fair to very poor. Major flexible pavement distresses include cracking, raveling, pot holing, patching, ruts and pavement edge drop. The detail of existing pavement is provided in Detailed Project Report. The embankment height along the project stretch varies from 0 to 2.5 m. 2.5.5 Cross Drainage Structures On the existing road cross drainage is maintained through 22 minor bridges, and two causeways. Major Bridges There are 3 major bridges along the project road. Two major bridges at km 74.232 and 92.505 are in good condition with well foundations. The detail of bridges is in Table 2.5. Table 2.5 : Inventory of Major Bridges Sl Chainage Carriage way Existing Total Condition of the Crossing No. (km) Width (m) Spans Length(m) Existing Bridge Eastern Kosi Narrow and main canal 8 x 8.35 connected to 1 2.295 6.3 66.8 from hydro m power house power station structure. Condition is good. Structure consists 3 x 31.2 2 74.232 River 6.5 93.6 of girder m superstructure with well foundations. Structure consists of girder 4 x 27.5 3 92.505 River 6.5 110.0 superstructure with m well foundations in sound condition. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 28 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Minor bridges There are 22 minor bridges along the project road. These bridges consist of simply supported RCC girder/solid slab/composite superstructures with well foundation/RCC/brick masonry substructures. The bridges at km 1.307 and km 75.057 are of temporary composite type in very poor condition. Most of the bridges are narrower with carriageway width less than 7.5 m. Details are provided in Annexure 2.3. Culverts There are 64 culverts existing that act as water balancing. These existing culverts are mainly of two types viz Hume pipe culverts and RCC slab culverts. Most of the culverts are in poor condition and would require reconstruction or widening (Ref. Section 5.3.2 of DPR main report chapter 5 volume-I). 2.5.6 Traffic Details Classified Traffic Volume Count Survey was conducted at three locations (km 27.000, km 65.000 & km 106). Traffic volume count data for 7 days at each location was averaged to determine Average Daily Traffic (ADT). At km 27.000 the variation in daily traffic is from 18.07% to 12.00% of the ADT, at km 65.000 the variation in daily traffic is from 25% to 45% of the ADT, at km 106.000 the variation in daily traffic is from 0.85% to 13% of the ADT. The maximum variation is seen at km 65.000 due to pilgrims visiting to Singheshwar temple in the month of Shravan. (The month of Shravan, popularly known as Sawan, is the fifth month of the Hindu calendar. Shravan is considered the holiest month of the year). Each Monday of this month, known as Shravan Somvar, is a special day in Shiva temples, where the Dharanatra hangs over the linga or the idol to bathe it with holy water, day and night). As per the traffic survey analysis, slow moving traffic i.e. bicycle and Cycle-Rickshaw account for majority of traffic followed by two wheeler traffic account on project road. Present traffic count at selected locations is presented in Table 2.6. Percentage traffic composition at all stations is presented in Table 2.7. Table 2.6: Present traffic count at selected locations km 27.000 km 65.000 km 106.000 Sl Vehicle No. ADT PCU ADT PCU ADT PCU 1 Two - wheeler 2216 1108 2486 1243 1291 646 2 Three-wheeler/Auto rickshaw 340 340 306 306 72 72 3 Car/Jeep/Van/Taxi 975 975 630 630 393 393 4 Mini Bus 115 173 71 107 18 27 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 29 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar km 27.000 km 65.000 km 106.000 Sl Vehicle No. ADT PCU ADT PCU ADT PCU 5 Standard Bus 30 91 155 464 49 146 6 LCV 324 486 203 305 30 44 7 2-Axle Truck 304 912 203 608 69 208 8 3 –Axle Truck 591 1773 204 613 37 112 9 Multi-Axle Truck 21 96 46 206 4 19 10 Agri. Tractor With Trailer 225 1011 140 631 155 698 11 Agri. Tractor Without Trailer 156 234 95 142 43 64 12 Bi-Cycle 2230 1115 2556 1278 1009 504 13 Cycle-Rickshaw 1366 1728 475 596 40 44 14 Bullock Cart 27 119 27 113 25 105 15 Hand Drawn 255 1183 33 145 2 7 16 Others 7 7 28 28 2 2 17 Total Fast Moving 5297 7198 4538 5254 2160 2428 18 Total Slow Moving 3886 4151 3118 2160 1077 662 19 Total 9184 11349 7656 7414 3237 3089 Table 2.7: Percentage traffic composition Sr.No. Type of Vehicle Traffic Composition (%) 1 Two – wheeler 24.13 32.47 39.89 2 Three-wheeler/Auto rickshaw 3.7 4.0 2.21 3 Car/Jeep/Van/Taxi 10.61 8.22 12.13 4 Mini Bus 1.25 0.93 0.56 5 Standard Bus 0.33 2.02 1.50 6 LCV 3.53 2.66 0.91 7 2-Axle Truck 3.31 2.65 2.14 8 3 –Axle Truck 6.44 2.67 1.16 9 Multi-Axle Truck 0.23 0.60 0.13 10 Agri. Tractor With Trailer 2.45 1.83 4.79 11 Agri. Tractor Without Trailer 1.70 1.24 1.32 12 Bi-Cycle 24.28 33.39 31.16 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 30 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 13 Cycle-Rickshaw 14.88 6.20 1.23 14 Bullock Cart 0.30 0.35 0.76 15 Hand Drawn 2.78 0.43 0.06 16 Others 0.08 0.36 0.06 Total 100 100 100 2.5.7 Animal Crossing Animal crossing survey was carried out at 7 locations. Details are given in Table 2.8. Table 2.8: Animal crossing data S.N. Location Side of carriage way Date of survey Across Carriageway 1. 20.300 11 27.11.10 8 2. 33.600 17 27.11.10 13 3. 50.300 17 27.11.10 12 4. 65.00 33 27.11.10 14 5. 94.400 10 03.11.10 6 6. 101.400 8 03.11.10 5 7. 111.100 7 03.11.10 4 2.5.8 Road Accident Details. Traffic accidents are random occurrences due to deficiencies in one or more of elements of traffic, viz., vehicle ,driver, road or environment. The accident data from 6 police stations along the project corridor was collected. The nature, location and cause of accident could not be ascertained as the collected data does not contain this information. The number of accidents occurred on NH 106 is mentioned in Table 2.9 from year 2008 to 2010. Table 2.9: Accident characteristics at locations along the project road Sl No. Year No of accidents occurred 1 2008 23 2 2009 27 3 2010 24 From the data collected from police station, it is not possible to ascertain the exact locations where accidents have happened. Hence, it is presumed few of the possible locations where accidents have taken place might be at sharp curves in km 11, km 33, km 44 and km 64. 2.5.9 Safety Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 31 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Project road stretch has been scanned for safe and efficient movement of traffic. There are 63 curves having a radius less than 230m. 7 major junctions and 233 minor intersections are along the project road. 2.6 Proposed Improvements 2.6.1 Proposed Right of Way The proposed road configuration is 2-lane with paved or earthen shoulder at urban and rural areas. Based on proposed improvement, proposed right of way at urban and rural area is 14 m and 20 m respectively and additional 10m at ROB locations at Km 27.953 and km 76.223. On the basis of proposed ROW required for the project, additional land of 20.3288 Ha would be required at built up areas where ROW availability is constrain and for realignment sections. 2.6.2 Proposed Design Improvement 2.6.2.1 Proposed Carriageway Configuration The existing single/intermediate lanes are proposed for double lane with pave shoulder, footpath and drain at urban areas, and with earthen shoulders on either side at rural areas. The cross sectional detail is given at Table 2.10 Table 2.10: Proposed Configuration of the Carriageway Proposed Earthen Foot-Path S. Type of Widening Paved Shoulder Carriageway Shoulder and Drain No. and its applicability Width (m) Width (m) Width (m) Width (m) 1. Concentric Widening 7.00 Not applicable 2.50 m on Not applicable in Rural (Open) Area either side 2. Concentric Widening 7.00 1.50 m. applicable Not 1.50 m on in Built-up section (the space left Applicable either side between drain and paved shoulder is paved to facilitate for parking or to improve safety) 2.6.2.2 Road Widening Scheme The availability of ROW width along project road is not uniform along the project road. In order to minimize the environmental and social impacts, concentric and eccentric widening as has been decided as per land width availability. A total of 12.2 km would be under concentric widening and balance 93.8 km under eccentric widening. The detail of locations is given in Table 2.11 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 32 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 2.11: Concentric and Eccentric widening locations Widening Sl. No From (km) To (km) Length (km) Scheme Proposed Cross Section Concentric widening 1 16 17 1 Con. 2-lane with PS 2 27.5 28.5 1 Con. ROB 3 44.5 46.5 2 Con. 2-lane with PS 4 65 68.2 3.2 Con. 2-lane with PS 5 72 76 4 Con. 2-lane with PS 6 76 77 1 Con. ROB Total 12.2 (km) Widening Sl. No From (km) To (km) Length (km) Scheme Proposed Cross Section Eccentric widening 1 0 10 10 LHS 2-lane with ES 2 10 11 1 LHS 2-lane with PS 3 11 16 5 LHS 2-lane with ES 5 17 18.5 1.5 LHS 2-lane with PS 6 18.5 25 6.5 LHS 2-lane with ES 7 25 27.5 2.5 LHS 2-lane with PS 9 28.5 32.5 4 LHS 2-lane with PS 10 32.5 38 5.5 LHS 2-lane with ES 11 38 39 1 LHS 2-lane with PS 12 39 44.5 5.5 LHS 2-lane with ES 14 46.5 65 18.5 LHS 2-lane with ES 16 68.2 72 3.8 LHS 2-lane with ES 19 77 78 1 LHS 2-lane with PS 20 78 94.5 16.5 LHS 2-lane with ES 21 94.5 96 1.5 LHS 2-lane with PS 22 96 100.7 4.7 LHS 2-lane with ES Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 33 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Widening Sl. No From (km) To (km) Length (km) Scheme Proposed Cross Section 23 100.7 105.445 4.745 RHS 2-lane with ES 24 105 106 1 RHS 2-lane with PS Total 93.8 km 2.6.2.3 Road Geometry The horizontal curves deficiencies at three curves have been identified with respect to radius or in transition lengths and curve length. Proposed improvement for 63 curves is given in Annexure 2.4. As a result, these locations become accident prone area. Under the project, it is proposed for realignment of these three curves. The location of these curves with proposed minor realignments are given at Table 2.12. Table: 2.12: Locations of minor realignments Sl Location/Length Proposed LA Remarks No. (ha) 1 km 33 (km 31.800 to km Two very sharp curves improved to 80 32.200) in Ganapat Ganj. 2.80 km/h. (Length = 400 m) 2 km 44 (km 43.50 to km 44.40) Two sharp curves and T-Junction in near Pipra Town. (Length = 2.69 built up area eliminated. 700 m) 3 Major Bridge (3 x 24 m) proposed on Km 64 (km 62.600 to km 1.12 LHS on straight alignment. Three sharp 63.250) (Length = 600 m) curves eliminated. 4 Curve improvement though proposed Km 88 (km 88.250 to 88.620 0.43 minor bridge. Total 7.04 - Proposed geometric design standard for the project is given in Table 2.13 Table 2.13: Proposed Geometric Design Standards Description Criteria Remarks 18000 PCU (Two-Lane with 1.5 m Paved Shoulders) The Project road is Proposed two lane with Design Service Volume in earthen shoulders in rural area and two lane Plain Terrain 15000 PCU (Two-Lane with paved shoulder in Urban area. With earthen Shoulders) At few locations the speed is reduced to 50 Ruling 100 km/h to 65 km/h to avoid Land Acquisition and also to minimize utility relocation as per Design Speed (km/h) comments by MORTH on Draft Feasibility Minimum 80 Report conveyed vide letter dated 18 January 2011. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 34 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Description Criteria Remarks Width of Carriageway Two-Lane (7.0 m) 2.5 m Earthen Shoulders in Rural section As per comments by MORTH on Draft Shoulders 1.5 m Paved Shoulders Feasibility Report conveyed vide letter dated in Urban section with 18 January 2011. drain-cum-footpath Bituminous - 2.5% Camber Earthen - 3.0 % Super Elevation Limited to 5% There are 63 curves having a radius less than 230 m corresponding to a minimum Absolute minimum radii design speed of 80 km/h. These curves have of curve are provided as been improved to the extent possible within Horizontal alignment per Table 2.5 of IRC SP the available ROW to minimize acquisition of 73. land and structures. Curves which cannot be improved within ROW are realigned to achieve desired speed and safety. At Grade Intersections (7 As per MORTH Type T Legged Junctions) Design 1992. IRC: SP: 42 and Road Side Drains IRC: SP: 50 1.5 m (only in Urban Width of Foot path areas) 2.6.2.4 Pavement Design The pavement condition along the Project Road varies from very poor to good; hence the Project road requires overlay which has been done is accordance to IRC-81: 1997 “Strengthening of existing flexible pavement using Benkelman Beam Deflection Technique”. The design of the new pavements has been done according to IRC-37: 2001 “Design of Flexile pavements”. New Bridges are provided with two la nes with 1.5 m paved shoulders in urban areas and without footpaths in rural area. A design life of 15 years, after the completion of construction activities, has been taken for flexible pavement, as per provision in IRC: 37-2001 clause 3.3.3.2. Asphalt Surfacing The design life of 15 years is taken for new flexible pavement and 10 years for strengthening of existing pavements. During the period bituminous overlay would be required to provide a good riding surface and also to retard further deterioration of the pavement. Base and Sub-Base The base and sub-base courses of the new pavement have been designed for the full design period of 15 years as designed for surface course (wearing course + Binder Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 35 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar course). The pavement composition from km 0+00 to km 106+00 has been given in Table 2.14. Table 2.14 Summary of Pavement Composition from km 0.00 to km 106.00 Chainage (km) Pavement Composition (mm) Type of Activity Overlay From To BM DBM WMM GSB Subgrade BM DBM 0 13 Widening 40 100 250 250 500 40 100 13 18 Reconstruction 40 100 250 250 500 - - 18 55 Widening 40 100 250 250 500 40 100 55 106 Widening 40 60 250 250 500 40 60 2.6.2.5 Roadside Drainage The existing roadside drains are non-functional or in poor condition. Under the project a total length of 106 km drain has been proposed to improve existing drainage the details of locations where roadside drains are proposed is given in Annexure 2.5. In the built-up area total 22.224 km long covered RCC drain has been proposed for better drainage and preventing water leakage from the drains. Chainagewise details of RCC drain proposed is given in Table 2.15. Table 2.15 : Chainagewise details of Covered RCC drain proposed Chainage km Type of Length S No Drain on Village km From To Both side 1 16+020 18+606 2.586 Karzine,Mansapur 2 24+020 24+500 0.48 Parsarma RCC 3 24+947 27+340 2.393 1mX1m Simrahi (Raghopur) Chakala,Hazitala, 28+443 31+680 3.237 4 Ganpatganj,Dobhitala 5 37+880 38+940 1.06 Mahespur 6 44+175 46+460 2.285 Pipra 7 65+092 67+863 2.771 Singheswar RCC 8 71+600 74+580 2.98 1mX1m Madhepura 9 75+759 75+940 0.181 Mankipur 10 76+235 77+840 1.605 Bar Rahi 11 94+160 95+548 1.388 Goalpara Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 36 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Chainage km Type of Length S No Drain on Village km From To Both side 12 104+500 105+758 1.258 Udakishanganj Embankment Height The project area is passes by some flood prone area. Based on the hydrological analysis carried out, raising of embankment height has been proposed for 5.0 km. The details of locations where raising is proposed is given in Table 2.16 below. Table 2.16: Locations of Raising Embankment Height. Chainage Embankment Length of raising Remark From To Raising (m) (km) 13.00 16.00 0.90 3 TCS 16 16.00 17.90 1.26 1.9 TCS 17 17.90 18.00 0.53 0.1 TCS 18 2.6.2.6 Junction Improvement All the major 7 junctions are with moderate Traffic. The designs of junctions shall be done as per MORTH Type Designs, 1992. Gradients proposed are not beyond 2%. The sight distance adopted is intermediate sight distance. The intersection will be Stop Control unless specified. 2.6.2.7 Cross Drainage Structures Major Bridges In the present proposal out of 3 major bridges 2 existing major bridges are proposed to be retained. 1 major bridge is to be reconstructed. Details are given in Table 2.17. Table 2.17: Locations of Major bridges along the project road. Chianage Existing Proposed Retained Reconstruction New construction Km Chainage 2.295 2.312 - New construction 74.232 73.100 Retained - - 92.505 91.505 Retained - - Existing Minor Br 63.516 62.950 - replaced as Major - Bridge. Existing Minor Br 2.464 2.480 - replaced as Major - Bridge. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 37 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Minor bridges: 4 additional minor bridges are proposed along the project road. Summary of minor bridges are given Table 2.18. Table 2.18 Summary of minor bridges Existing Minor Bridges: 22 Nos. Grand Total Sl. VCW to Additional Retained & MNBR to (2)+(3)+(4)+(5) No Retained Realigned Reconstruction MNBR Proposed Widened MJBR -(6)+(7)+(8) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 1 3 1 01 15 2 2 4 26 Culverts There are 64 existing culverts, 1 retained 27 reconstructed and 36 will be widened. 188 additional culverts are proposed for improving the hydrology from km 0 to km 106. The Project road lie in the Kosi river basin which is a flood affected region, the improvements of the drainage condition is very much essential. Summary of culverts are given in Table 2.19 Table 2.19: Summary of Culverts along the project road New Abandoned Sl. construction Newly Type Existing Retained Widening Reconstruction due to No. due to Proposed Realignment Realignment 1 Pipe 15 0 4 12* 0 0 55 2 Slab 49 1 32 15 0 0 0 3 Box 0 0 0 0 0 0 133 4 Total 64 1 36 27 0 0 188 Total No. of Culverts 252 Proposed *Slab Culvert at km 76.365 is reconstructed with Pipe Erosion Protection Measures Under the project at high embankment areas and bridge locations, erosion protection measures like retaining wall will be provided. The location specific details are provided in Table 2.20. Table 2.20 : Locations of Retaining Wall for protection of Soil Erosion Left Side Sl.No. Length From To 1 1+230 1+685 +455 2 2+730 3+225 +495 3 3+465 5+300 1+835 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 38 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Left Side Sl.No. Length From To 4 5+530 6+200 +670 5 7+330 8+275 +945 6 9+180 10+020 +840 7 20+800 21+100 +300 8 32+930 33+600 +670 9 36+230 37+950 1+720 10 39+030 39+760 +730 11 40+630 41+260 +630 12 43+040 43+570 +530 13 47+500 49+860 2+360 14 55+730 55+960 +230 15 60+605 60+705 +100 16 62+180 62+505 +325 17 63+070 63+710 +640 18 68+740 68+910 +170 19 69+390 70+610 1+220 20 78+690 79+215 +525 21 83+190 83+910 +720 22 87+845 88+260 +415 23 91+145 92+765 1+620 24 96+030 96+900 +870 25 97+340 98+310 +970 Total 19+985 Right Side Sl.No. Length From To 1 3+630 3+945 +315 2 20+795 21+605 +810 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 39 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Right Side Sl.No. Length From To 3 33+025 33+600 +575 4 40+595 41+415 +820 5 46+810 47+065 +255 6 62+130 62+505 +375 7 63+070 63+405 +335 8 100+830 104+560 3+730 Total 7+215 2.6.2.8 Projected Traffic The traffic growth rates have been derived based on the past traffic data as well secondary data has collected on socio economic parameters like state (NSDP, NNP, GSDP, PCI, Population growth) with this the transport demand elasticity’s found out and regression analysis have done to derive the final growth rates. From the growth rates calculated, it is observed the growth rates are not appropriate. Based on consultants experience and observing growth trend on other National Highway projects the following growth rates are adopted in all three scenarios. Based on that, the forecasting has been made. Projected volume of traffic is given in Table 2.21. Table 2.21: Projected volume of traffic km 27.0 km 65.0 km 106.0 Year AADT PCU AADT PCU AADT PCU Most Likely Scenario 2010 9287 11791 7723 7523 3276 3130 2014 12233 15165 10285 9851 4430 4145 2019 16565 19987 14079 13173 6135 5586 2024 21606 25794 18452 17096 8070 7265 2029 27575 32921 23550 21819 10300 9273 2034 35194 42016 30057 27847 13146 11834 2039 44917 53625 38361 35541 16778 15104 Optimistic Scenario 2010 9287 11791 7723 7523 3276 3130 2014 13771 17244 11589 11343 5047 4819 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 40 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar km 27.0 km 65.0 km 106.0 Year AADT PCU AADT PCU AADT PCU 2019 21936 26745 18737 18133 8362 7837 2024 33354 39338 28894 27304 13114 11923 2029 47789 54445 41920 38465 19236 16904 2034 64432 71683 57005 51200 26311 22609 2039 83169 92017 73776 65912 34078 29118 Pessimistic Scenario 2010 9287 11791 7723 7523 3276 3130 2014 11288 14332 9387 9144 3982 3805 2019 14407 18292 11980 11671 5083 4856 2024 18387 23345 15290 14895 6487 6198 2029 23468 29795 19515 19010 8279 7910 2034 29991 38049 24949 24286 10588 10107 2039 38530 48706 32120 31150 13648 12971 The capacity analysis says that as per the most likely scenario the road section (km 0.00 to km 55.00) LOS C reaches in 2018, (km 55.000 to km 76.000) the LOS C reaches in 2026, (km 76.000 to km 136.000) the LOS C reaches in 2040. The existing road section has crossed the design service volume. Therefore, the project road needs improvement. Rail Over Bridges Two Rail Over Bridges are proposed at existing railway level crossings along the project road. Existing SL. Design Chainage Span arrangement Structural Arrangement No Chainage (m) 1 x 16.25m + 1 x 25.25m + 1 x 31.25m + RCC Precast Girder/Steel 1 27.953 27.975 1 x 25.25m + 1 x girders with RCC deck slab 16.25m 1 x 16.0m + 1 x 19.0m RCC Precast Girder/Steel 2 76.223 75.090 + 1 x 25 + 1x19.0m + 1 girders with RCC deck slab x1 6m Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 41 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 2.6.2.9 Road Safety Measures The two main strategies in designing the road safety work are accident reduction and accident prevention. In the former we generally use the previous accident data on existing roads to influence the designs of behavior of the road user. In the latter we apply expertise for safe design including both geometric design and material design. Hence the following safety considerations are incorporated in the design:  Design standards for whole project uniformly applied essential from the view point of road user’s safety and the smooth flow of traffic.  Both horizontal and vertical geometry are given importance at all stages.  The designs are consistent and the standards proposed for the different elements are compatible with one another and abrupt changes in the design speed were avoided.  “Ruling” standards are followed and “Minimum” standards are followed for safety considerations only where serious restrictions encountered by technical or economic considerations. Provisions for traffic guidance and safety and Speed Control Measures Provisions for traffic guidance and safety will be provided wherever required as per requirements/ IRC standards. Proper Traffic signs throughout the whole project stretch along with intersections with other roads and other facility location will be provided for giving proper direction and warning to the driver, as well as direct them the route they want to follow. The traffic signs will be as per IRC Standard as will be of “Retro Reflection Type”. The Summary of proposed traffic Signs in Project section is summarized in Table 2.22 below. Table 2.22: Summary of proposed traffic Signs in Project section Description of Traffic Signs No. Informatory Signs, Facility Signs, Direction Signs, Advance Direction/ 285 Destination Signs, Route Marker Signs etc. Warning Sign 900 mm. size triangular. 429 Mandatory Sign Circular 600 mm dia. 453 Road Markings and Delineators Road marking (Lane/centre line/edge line/ transverse marking /Zebra Crossing and any other markings) shall be carried out with hot applied thermoplastic paints conforming to ASTM D36/BS-3262 (Part - I) and as per IRC Standard. For Safety of road user during night travel, retro-refectories road delineators have been proposed at identified locations (Approach to Bridge, culverts & structure, speed restricted section, curved sections, built-up section etc. in the project section. The summary of such provision is presented in Table 2.23 below. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 42 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 2.23 Road Safety Provisions Components No. Road way delineators 1523 Studs 36168 Hazard Markers 8 Safety Crash Barrier W-Beam Metal Crash Barrier have been proposed on approaches to Bridges, high embankment Zone where height of embankment us more than 3 m and in sharp curve locations. Total 38.96 Km. length have been identified in the project section for provision of W-Beam Metal Crash Barrier. The details of location identified for provision of W- Beam Barrier is presented in Table 2.24 below. Table 2.24: Location identified for provision of W-Beam Barrier Design Chainage Length FRL-Existing S.No From To (m) Min.GL (m) 1 1240 1260 20 3.319 2 1300 1320 20 3.591 3 2260 2500 240 5.042 4 2660 2740 80 3.628 5 2780 2800 20 3.396 6 2840 2860 20 3.518 7 2900 2920 20 3.231 8 3760 3780 20 3.053 9 13320 13340 20 3.017 10 13840 13860 20 3.534 11 27520 28400 880 10.189 12 40880 40900 20 4.119 13 43960 43980 20 3.1 14 44060 44080 20 3.082 15 44100 44200 100 3.789 16 44240 44260 20 3.665 17 44340 44360 20 3.528 18 62660 63220 560 10.352 19 74700 75480 780 10.734 20 83840 83860 20 3.281 21 88460 88500 40 4.109 22 88560 88580 20 3.421 23 88660 88680 20 3.814 24 100480 100500 20 3.044 25 102860 102960 100 4.04 3.12 Km Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 43 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Design Chainage Length FRL-Existing S.No From To (m) Min.GL (m) Total Both Side 3.12x2=6.24 km At Sharp Curves (Crash Barrier Location) S.No From To Reason length km 1 2550 3100 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 65 kmph 0.55 2 3420 3750 Speed changes from 65 kmph to 100 kmph 0.33 3 8600 9250 Speed changes from 65 kmph to 80 kmph 0.65 4 10200 11000 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 65 kmph 0.8 5 15600 16100 Speed changes from 80 kmph to 65 kmph 0.5 6 16700 16930 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 65 kmph 0.23 7 24650 25100 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 50 kmph 0.45 8 26400 26600 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 50 kmph 0.2 9 32100 32350 Speed changes from 80 kmph to 65 kmph 0.25 10 35900 36230 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 65 kmph 0.33 11 38300 38500 Speed changes from 80 kmph to 65 kmph 0.2 12 39450 39900 Speed changes from 80 kmph to 50 kmph 0.45 13 40100 40350 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 65 kmph 0.25 14 42950 43350 Speed changes from 80 kmph to 65 kmph 0.4 15 44280 44600 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 65 kmph 0.32 16 45000 46400 Speed changes from 80 kmph to 50 kmph 1.4 17 49300 50200 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 65 kmph 0.9 18 51250 52150 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 65 kmph 0.9 19 61100 61550 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 65 kmph 0.45 20 65300 66050 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 40 kmph 0.75 21 67700 67900 Speed changes from 80 kmph to 50 kmph 0.2 22 70750 71450 Speed changes from 80 kmph to 65 kmph 0.7 23 72100 73000 Speed changes from 80 kmph to 65 kmph 0.9 24 73800 75600 Speed changes from 80 kmph to 65 kmph 1.8 25 76100 76300 Speed changes from 80 kmph to 50 kmph 0.2 26 90700 91800 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 40 kmph 1.1 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 44 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S.No From To Reason length km 27 98400 98650 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 65 kmph 0.25 28 102700 103600 Speed changes from 100 kmph to 65 kmph 0.9 Total length in km 16.36 Total length on both sides km 32.72 Total length of crash barrier in km (32.72+6.24) 38.96 2.6.2.10Road Side Amenities Pedestrian and Animal Crossing Based on the Pedestrian and Animal count surveys carried out at 7 locations, no pedestrian or animal crossing is proposed on the project stretch. There is no heavy traffic and proposed road is 2-lane with paved shoulder so agriculture material can easily moved across the road and there is no need of under passes. Proposals for Bus bays Bus bays have been proposed as per the guidelines in IRC: 80 with slight modifications to fit within the EROW to minimize land acquisition. There are 10 numbers of existing Bus stops. In addition to existing Bus Stops, Bus bays at 10 locations are proposed. The details of Existing and proposed Bus Bays are given in Table 2.25. Table 2.25: Existing and proposed Bus Stops and Bus Bays Existing Bus Stops Proposed Bus Bays location location Side Village Side Village (km) (km) 8.402 Left Baldarchowk 9.899 Left Ratanpura 10.200 Right Ratanpura 10.200 Right 26.425 Right Simrahi 12.115 Right Dumri Chowk 38.548 Left Maheshpur 12.300 Left 40.960 Left Anandpatti 16.298 Left Karzaine 63.545 Right Katton 20.500 Left ( + Jn), RHS Hareerah, 68.130 Right Jitkiya 20.600 Right LHS Pratapganj 85.040 Right Pastpar 25.980 Left Simaria 104.725 Right Uda 86.270 Left (+ Jn) 105.825 Left Kishanganj 86.705 Right Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 45 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Proposals for Truck Lay byes At present there is not much truck traffic in the project road. It is hoped that traffic will increase after improvement of project road. Three number of truck lay byes were proposed at Feasibility stage, however as per the discussion held with World Bank on 11th May 2011 only one truck laybye is proposed at km 106.0 on LHS near Uda Kishanganj, the other two are deleted. Lighting The Lighting requirements will be provided as per IS-1944 (1&2) for Project road and IS- 1944 (V & VI) for intersections, bus stops, truck laybye, urban area and areas of civic Importance. Also lighting will be provided in Village Sections where there is high volume of Pedestrian movement. The Lighting requirements shall be as per IS: 1944(1 & 2)- 1970. Landscaping and Arboriculture Landscaping and Arboriculture is not proposed for the project, however afforestation shall be done at the rate of three times the number of trees cut. Miscellaneous Features 2.6.3 Resource Requirements 2.6.3.1 Construction Materials For the proposed road widening and strengthening various type of material will be required such as aggregate, GSB, sand, cement, steel, Diesel etc. Estimation of Construction Materials The quantity and sources of material are given in Table 2.26 and Annexure 2.6 respectively. Table 2.26: Quantity of material Lead S.N. Material Source Lead At Quantity (km) From Barauni 1 Bitumen Plant at Madhepura 350 10,200 ton Refinery From Haldia 12,93,496 2 Diesel Plant at Madhepura 455 Refinery liters 3 Aggregate From quarry Sheikhpura 247 6,90,000 ton 4 Cement From Patna town Plant at Madhepura 23 70,200 ton 5 Steel From Patna Town Plant at Madhepura 23 15,000 ton 6 Sand From River Panchanamay 222 25000 mt Sub Grade Soil 7 From Borrow areas Site of work 4 - & Embankment Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 46 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Nepal international boundary lies within in the 10 km from the project road. Indo-Nepal border is about 1.5 km from starting point of the project road. Establishment of crusher/hot mix plant and labour camps will be avoided within 10 km distance from Indo- Nepal border. Material Investigations The sources for borrow material, metal quarry material and sand quarry have been identified and samples were taken for laboratory testing to determine their suitability of various components of the work. Borrow Area The borrow areas were identified away from the ROW. Earth/Soil for construction of embankment fill and sub-grade is available in sufficient quantity. The details of identified borrow area locations are given In Table 2.27 below. Table 2.27: Identified borrow area locations in Project Section S.NO Chaiangae (Km) Lead 1 km 1.750 (LHS) 40 2 km 2.650 (RHS) 40 3 km 23.750 (RHS) 150 4 km 24.200 (RHS) 100 5 km 35.500 (LHS) 40 6 km 44.500 (LHS) 50 7 km 49.950 (RHS) 40 8 km 63.850 (RHS) 30 9 km 70.000 (LHS) 40 10 km 80.200 (LHS) 30 11 km 81.100 (LHS) 30 12 km 86.100 (RHS) 30 13 km 86.950 (LHS) 30 14 km 86.950 (RHS) 30 15 km 89.500 (RHS) 30 16 km 104.800 (RHS) 30 17 km 109.500 (LHS) 30 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 47 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Stone/Aggregate (Quarry) GSB quarries in this area and its corresponding leads from project corridor are as follows.  ITARI Source in Nepal, 140 km from ch: 0.000 of Project Corridor.  Mirza Chowk, 225 km from Madhepura (km 73.000 of Project Corridor).  Sahabganj, 225 km from Madhepura (km 73.000 of Project Corridor). There is sufficient amount of stones available at the quarries, the locations of which are given below:-  ITARI Source in Nepal, Lead 140 km from ch: 0.000 of Project Corridor.  Sahabganj, Lead 245 km from Madhepura (km 73.000 of Project Corridor).  Pakur, Lead 320 km from Madhepura (km 73.000 of Project Corridor). Sand Quarry During detailed survey, it has been found that good quality of coarse sand for road construction is available from River Sone in the near vicinity with an average lead of as presented below. Sand Quarries in this area and its corresponding lead from project corridor as follows,  Bhagalpur Source, Lead 200 km for Madhepura (km 73.000 of Project Corridor).  Lakhi Sarai Source, Lead 180 km for Madhepura (km 73.000 of Project Corridor). Bricks Brick Kilns are available in abundance throughout the Project Stretch.  At km 112.000 (LHS) Lead 50 m  At km 34.250 (LHS) Lead 250 m Bitumen The Bitumen is obtained from IOCL plant at Barauni at a lead of 350 km from Madhepura, at km 73.000 on the project highway. Modified Bitumen and Bitumen Emulsion are not available at Barauni refinery but Modified Bitumen and Emulsion are available at Haldia refinery (West Bengal) at Lead of 455 km from Madhepura, at km 73.000 on the project highway. Cement & Steel The cement of almost all acceptable brands is locally and readily available. The cement conforming to ISI specifications can very easily be procured locally. Nearest cement and steel market is Madhepura. Water requirement Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 48 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar The water requirement for construction depends on the climatic conditions, type of equipment, type of material available, mix design. The area does not falls under over exploited / dark zone as per CGWA classifications. Plenty of surface water is available along the stretch, which may be used for construction purposes. The water quantity required for the project road has been calculated and is as following: 1. 8-10% of weight of soil for the embankment construction 2. 7-8% of weight of soil for sub grade construction 3. 5-6% of weight of GSB materials for GSB and WMM 4. 150 liters/cum for concrete The water requirement has been assumed based on past project experiences and on the strict quality control basis. Domestic requirement of 50 liters per worker has been assumed. Around 400 workers have been considered for this project. Water requirement for permanent works has been calculated assuming construction period of nearly 600days. Water required during the construction phase is nearly 380 KLD for about 400 days (intermittently spread over 600 days). It shall be met from rivers and other surface water sources. Use of ground water for construction purposes shall be avoided. Details of the water requirement assessed for the project is presented in Table 2.28. Table 2.28: Requirement of water for proposed construction works Purpose Cum/day Dust Suppression at work zone 80 Curing 36 Laboratory 20 Haul roads 60 Crusher 40 Plant Cleaning and workshop washing 36 Domestic purpose 20 Permanent works (Total requirement nearly 80 3 32000 m ) Average daily requirement Total Requirement 372 (say 380) 2.6.3.2 Use of Fly ash Nearly 73% of India’s total installed power generation capacity is thermal, of which coal- based generation is about 90%. Power generation in India consumes about 70% of country’s coal production. Bulk utilization of fly ash is possible in the field of civil engineering especially in the construction of road embankments. Natural borrow areas are either scarce or expensive and the environmental degradation caused due to use of top soil for embankment construction is very high. Fly ash is proved to be environmentally preferable alternative to natural borrow soil. Fly ash possesses various desirable characteristics like lightweight, ease of compaction, faster rate of consolidation Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 49 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar etc. Also spreading and compaction of fly ash can be started much earlier in comparison to soil after a rainfall. Fly ash would be a preferred material for construction of embankments over weak soil. Fly ash is required to be used in construction activities, if available within 100 Km of the construction activities as per fly ash notification issued by the MOEF. Khalgaon Super Thermal Power in Bhagalpur district is at a distance of 87 km from the end of the project road. 2,500 m3 fly ash has been estimated which can be used in the project. Summary of Proposed Improvement Plan is provided in Table 2.29. Table 2.29: Summary of Proposed Improvement Plan S. Project Features Proposal under Improvement Plan No Total Project 1 106 Km Length Improvement of Improvement of all the deficient horizontal and vertical curves proposed in 2 Highway Geometric the project section. In context of the safety requirements as well as segregation of the fast Provision of Paved 3 moving traffic and the local slow moving, Paved shoulder in a total length of Shoulder 26.0 km. in all the built-up section has been proposed 4 Proposed By-pass None Raising of highway Raising of highway formation proposed at following location: 5 formation km 13.0 to 18.0 Recons- Realign & Major Bridges Existing Retained Additional Proposed truction Construct New 6 3 2 1 0 2 Recons- Realign & Minor Bridges Existing Retained Construct New( Additional Proposed 7 truction VCW to MNBR) 22 4 15 3 4 Abandoned Retained with Newly 8 Culverts Existing Retained Reconstruction due to widening proposed realignment 64 1 36 27 2 188 9 ROB 2 Nos. in replacement of existing Level Crossing at Km. 24 and km 76 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 50 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. Project Features Proposal under Improvement Plan No 10 Fly Over Fly-over is not qualifying for the project. Grade Separated 11 Not Qualified Structures Service Roads are proposed for a length of 1 km at each ROB location, to 12 Service Roads facilitate the traffic movement Road Side covered 13 Total 22.224 Km. Length Proposed in Built-up Section. RCC drains 14 Major Junctions At grade improvement proposed for all the major intersection ( 7 No.) 15 Minor Junctions Improvement proposed as per IRC Standards (233 No.) Road Boundary 16 Proposed Stones 17 Truck lay bye 1 No at km 106.0 18 Bus Stops 10 Nos. Proposed (Existing 10 No.) The space left between paved shoulder in built up area is developed is 19 Parking Areas developed with paved shoulder configuration to facilitate parking 20 Toll Plaza Nil Road Safety Guard W-Beam Metal Barrier proposed for total 38.96 Km. Length at curved 21 Rails section, Bridge Approaches and High Embankment Zone. Bridge approaches and High Embankment Zone - about 1600 m. (laying of High Embankment Natural Geotextile and maintaining till the vegetation sustains on its own 22 Protection as per Technical specification Clause : 707) 9014 trees are likely to be felled. More than 27042 trees are proposed to be Road Side 23 planted in the available land along the roadside in addition to avenue Plantation plantation by department of forest. Provision of Traffic Provision of Adequate Nos. Traffic Signage made at appropriate location 24 Signage Informatory – 285 No. Warning - 429 No. Mandatory – 453 No. 25 Foot Path Proposed in built-up areas Road marking Road marking are proposed as per IRC standards. (Lane/centre line/edge 26 (Lane/centre line/ transverse marking /Zebra Crossing and any other markings) has been line/edge line/ proposed to carried out with hot applied thermoplastic paints conforming to transverse marking ASTM D36/BS-3262 (Part - I) and as per IRC Standard. For Safety of road Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 51 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. Project Features Proposal under Improvement Plan No /Zebra Crossing user during night travel, retro-refectories road delineators have been and any other proposed at identified locations. markings) Rehabilitation and Separate standalone Rehabilitation and Resettlement plan and Social 27 Resettlement of Impact Assessment reports are prepared and submitted. It includes details PAPs of compensation and resettlement pan for PAPs. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 52 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar CHAPTER-3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 3.1 INTRODUCTION Development of transport infrastructural facilities in the project area will result in increased revenue generation from the agricultural industry, which will lead to enhanced economic growth. With the widening of the road and adoption road safety measures the accident rate may reduce. The minimization of environmental impacts by considering design alternatives determines the extent of mainstreaming of the environmental component. This chapter looks at the decisions made during the project when alternatives were available and describes the rationale behind such decisions. 3.1.1 Necessity for Analysis of Alternatives An evaluation of the various alignment options has been evaluated for arriving at the most promising alignment. “With” and “Without” option studies are discussed along with various project scenarios. The methodology that has been adopted for the evaluation of the alternate alignment route for construction of project road and the selection based on engineering, economic, environmental and social considerations. 3.2 “WITH” AND “WITHOUT” PROJECT SCENARIO Keeping in view the site conditions and the scope of development of the area, the ‘with’ and ‘without’ project scenarios have been compared as given in Table 3.1. By looking at the table, it can be concluded that “With” project scenario positive/beneficial impacts will improve the environment and enhance social and economic development of the region compared to the “Without” project scenario, which will further deteriorate the present environmental setup and quality of life. Hence the “With” project scenario with minor reversible impacts is an acceptable option than the “Without” project scenario. The implementation of the project therefore will be definitely advantageous to achieve the all – round development of the economy and progress of the region. Impacts on vegetation are expected during construction phase. Little increase in the pollution levels of the air is possible. Dust and particulate matter during construction will affect the air quality on a short-term basis. However, an important benefit which is not represented in this assessment will be major reduction in the Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) levels from vehicles using a surfaced road (with project scenario) in the build condition, compared to a continued use of dusty un-surfaced /tracks (without project scenarios). Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 53 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar The minor impacts due to air; noise, vegetative cover and soil erosion will be remunerated by adopting appropriate mitigative measures such as roadside plantation, arboriculture and landscaping, compensatory afforestation, and providing underpasses and noise barriers. Table 3.1: ‘With’ and ‘Without’ Project Scenario Component Without’ Project Scenario With’ Project Scenario The connectivity between the It will improve inter-connectivity between other other National and State National Highways (NH-57, NH-107and NH-31) Highways is not good. and State Highways (SH-76, SH-66 and SH 58). Existing connectivity with Nepal Connectivity with Nepal will increase. need to be improved, for the Travel time will be reduced due to improved Inter- economic benefits. pavement conditions and road geometry. connectivity Pavement conditions are in Trade of local produce like dairy products, poor condition resulting in high agriculture products, and small scale industrial travel time. Poor pavement product will also be increased. conditions restricting people’s access to local market. There will not be any impact on With project scenario involves felling of 9014 existing terrestrial ecology. trees due to proposed widening. As per the Forest Conservation Act (1980), trees which have Flora been notified as protected forest will be planted through Forest Department in 1:3 ratio. Beside this more than 10000 trees are proposed to be planted under greenbelt development plan. Social and There will not be any impact on 425 affected households and 17 common Cultural existing social and cultural property resources will be affected due to Environment environment. proposed widening. Necessary R&R plan has been developed to reduce the socio economic impact due to the proposed project. Total land acquisition will be 20.3288 ha. Major land use affected will be agricultural. Use of open / barren land has reduced acquisition in other areas. Carriageway 2 lane/ intermediate / earthen 2 lane with and without paved shoulder has been shoulder proposed to improve the road condition. Traffic Speed Existing traffic speed varies This project road is designed for 80-100 km/h but between 35 km/h and 65 km/hr at few locations the speed is reduced to 50 km/hr to 65 km/h to avoid Land Acquisition and also to minimize utility relocation. Road Safety Accident data from 2008 to To reduce the accident along the existing road, 2010 indicate that total 74 realignments are proposed at four locations (km number of accidents occurred 33, km 44 and km 64). Necessary road signs, along the road due to poor traffic calming measures and road markings will geometry and congestion and be provided as per IRC guidelines. overtaking on undivided road sections. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 54 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Water logging issues are Will be improved by reconstruction of observed along the road side culverts/bridges with adequate hydraulic (details specially settlement area due to are provided in 2.4.2.7. New cross drainage Drainage absence/non-functional drains. structures and drains are also provided to /Water logging address the flooding and water logging issues. Flooding conditions also prevails during monsoon season. Without project scenario does The total project cost is Rs 659.48 crore for not involve any capital cost, but Package I (km 0 to km 106 ), which includes Financial there will be recurring 2.84 crores as environmental cost and 82.04 Implications maintenance cost to maintain crores R&R cost. the smooth flow of traffic. Therefore, “With” project scenario, with its minor adverse impacts is more acceptable than the “Without” project scenario which would mean an aggravation of the existing problems. The potential benefits of the proposed road improvements are substantial and far-reaching both in terms of the geographical spread and time. Hence, it is clear that the implementation of the project will be a definite advantage to State of Bihar in order to achieve all-round development of its economy and progress of its people. 3.3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 3.3.1 Proposed Realignments The existing Right of Way is adequate to fit the proposed cross-sections. The proposed improvement would remove all bottlenecks and address VOP, congestion. No bypass is proposed for this project road. Four realignments are proposed at km 33, km 44, km 64 and km 88 to improve sharp curves, where lot of accidents are occurring. The project road stretch passing through Kisan chowk at km 33+000, Pipara at km 44+000 and Singheshwar at km 64+000 are the most accident prone locations of the project road. Both horizontal and vertical geometry of the road alignment is very poor, with design speed compliance of only 30 kmph and steep gradient. Based on the detailed study different options were evolved, out of which a best option as follows is finalized after discussions with MoRTH and Nodal Officer Patna. Details of minor realignments are given in Table 3.2. Table 3.2: Details of Minor Realignments Sl Proposed Location/Length Remarks No. LA (ha) km 33 (km 31.800 to km 32.200) in Two very sharp curves improved to 80 1 2.80 Ganapat Ganj. (Length = 400 m) km/h. km 44 (km 43.50 to km 44.40) near Two sharp curves and T-Junction in built 2 2.69 Pipra Town. (Length = 700 m) up area eliminated. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 55 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Major Bridge (3 x 24 m) proposed on LHS Km 64 (km 62.600 to km 63.250) 3 1.12 on straight alignment. Three sharp curves (Length = 600 m) eliminated. Curve improvement though proposed 4 Km 88 (km 88.250 to 88.620 0.43 minor bridge. Total 7.04 Plan of the above realignments are given in Annexure – 3.1. 3.3.1.1 Comparative Analysis of alternative options. In the these cases no other alternatives are feasible. 3.3.1.2 Availability of Alternative Routes The following major arterial roads join the project which bring / take traffic to / from the project corridor. The following five routes may be competing routes for project road: 1. At km 25.000 (Simraha), NH -57 from Darbhanga joins the project corridor which provide pathway to the East Bihar from West Bihar. 2. At km 45.000 (Pipra), SH -76 from Supaul joins the project corridor which provide pathway to the East Bihar from West Bihar. 3. At km 66.000 (Singheswar), SH 66 from Supaul joins the project corridor which carry many pilgrims and commuters to Singeshwar from West Bihar. 4. Another major arterial i.e, NH 107 join project road at km 75.000 (Madhepura) which bring traffic coming from Saharsa and lead to Purnia. The following routes may be competing routes for the project road to avoid toll on the project road if proposed. The list of alternative competing routes is presented below in Table 3.3. Table 3.3: List of Alternative Strategic Routes Alternative Approximate Description Route Length (km) Bhimnagar (NH 106) – Simraha (NH 57) – Narpatganj – Pariah – 1 Koriapatti (SH 76) - Raniganj (SH 77) - Sarsi Istamrar (SH 77) – Pothia 239 (SH 77) – Kursela (SH 77) – Bihpur (NH 31) Bhimnagar (NH 106) – Simraha (NH 57) - Bhaptiah (SH77) – Bishanpur (SH 77) – Supaul (SH 77) – Bihra Panchayat (SH 66) – Bangaon (SH 2 66) – Rajwanshi Nagar (NH 107) – Simri Bakhtiarpur (NH 107) – 200 Sonbarsa (NH 107) – Pimagra (NH 107) – Maheshkhunt (NH 1) – Bihpur (NH 31) Bhimnagar (NH 106) – Simraha (NH 57) – Pipra (NH 106) – Madhepura 3 (NH 106) -Mirganj (NH 107) – Bihariganj – Kishanganj – Chausa (SH 170 58) - Bihpur (NH 31) Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 56 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Alternative Approximate Description Route Length (km) Bhimnagar (NH 106) – Simraha (NH 57) – Pipra (NH 106) – Madhepura 4 (NH 106) -Mirganj (NH 107) – Banmankhi (SH 65)- Kursela - Bihpur (NH 208 31) Bhimnagar (NH 106) – Simraha (NH 57) – Bhajanpur (NH 57) – Saifganj (NH 77) - Raniganj (SH 77) – Kala Balua (SH 77) - Sarsi Istamrar (SH 5 207 77) – Pothia (SH 77) – Chandpur (SH 77) – Kursela (SH 77) – Bihpur (NH 31) – 207 km Conclusion After studying the alternative routes, it was found that no competing routes are available for the Project Stretch. However, few routes are available for part of the project stretch which is marked in Figure 3.1. Although there are few competing routes for part of the project stretch, development of this road will increase traffic potential on this route leading towards NH 31 and going towards Bhagalpur on the Southern side and towards Barauni on the western side. Figure 3.1: Alternative routes available to reach Bihpur (NH 31) from Birpur Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 57 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar CHAPTER-4 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 4.1 INTRODUCTION The collection of baseline information on physical, chemical, biological, social and economic aspects of the project area is the most important reference for conducting environmental impact assessment studies. The description of environmental setting includes the characteristics of area in which the activity of the project road including proposed bypasses would occur and cover area affected by anticipated impacts. For conducting EIA, existing environmental conditions along the project road have been obtained by primary data collection, monitoring, sampling and secondary data collection from published source and various government agencies. The study corridor includes 10km aerial distance on either side of the project road. 4.2 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Baseline condition has been studied to define the characteristics of existing environment, and shape, projected future conditions. The environmental components such as land environment, water environment, air environment and meteorology, ambient air quality with respect to noise environment, biological environment, health and socio-economic conditions have been studied during field investigations to assess environmental impacts due to the proposed project based on adoption of project influence area (for secondary data) and corridor of impact (for primary data). In addition to this parameters, primary data has also been collected the area falling within 500 m on either side of ROW. The project specific land use pattern has been established for area within project influence area i.e. 10km on either side of the road, using satellite imagery IRS P6 LISS IV. Annexure 4.1. 4.2.1 Project Influence Area As per EIA notification 2006, the project influence area has been adopted for establishing the baseline environmental conditions which is as follows.  The primary baseline data in the ROW as well as the area falling within 500 m on either side of ROW.  For collection of secondary data 10 km aerial distance has been considered. The Map showing project influence area is given in Annexure 4.1.a. 4.2.2 Corridor of Impact The corridor of impact (COI) is the direct area of influence. The COI is defined on the basis of road design, speed and the distance needed (the clear zone) for a vehicle leaving the road to come to a safe stop or to swerve back on to the carriageway. Based on these factors the COI for the project adopted is 15 m at urban and 18 m in rural area. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 58 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 4.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 4.3.1 Topography The proposed project road lies to the north of river Ganga in an alluvial landscape shaped by the Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan Rivers. The project road is located at the eastern part of Supaul, Madhepura and Saharsa districts at an elevation of about 64 meters above MSL. The project alignment is mostly flat terrain with occasionally rolling terrain and is having a gentle slope towards south. 4.3.2 Geology The Project area is occupied by the thick pile of unconsolidated sediments laid down by the Ganga and other Sub-Himalayan and its northern bank tributaries. The geological formation in the study area is recent and pelistocene. The thickness of sediment increases from south to north. These unconsolidated sediments are made up of alternations of sand clay with individual sand and clay layers showing inter fingering relationship. Fairly thick regionally extensive confined / un-confined aquifers down to depth 300 m as well as moderately thick but discontinuous confined and unconfined aquifers are present in this region. 4.3.2.1 Geological Formations Nearly two third of Bihar including the subproject district is under cover of Ganga basin. The subproject road runs through alluvial terrain underlain by unlithified soft quaternary formations,(Refer Fig 4.1) which can be divided into three distinct morpho- stratigraphic units presented in Table 4.1. Table 4.1: Regional Morph- litho- stratigraphy Morphostratigraphy Lithology Lithostratigraphy Diara Plain Overlapping alternation of grey fine sand with Present day Diara Landforms: Channel occasional silt or clay. No mature soil. Formation bars, point bars; Sand dunes. Sand splays. Ganga-Kosi-Mahanadi Alternate sequence of light yellow fine sand Ganga-Kosi- plain: Erosional and silt with occasional silty clay/ clay. Mainly Mahananda surface on purnea clay and silty clay in the domain of the formation of surface. Ganga. Thin azonalunoxidised soil. The Holocene period erosional plain on Purnea surface consists of hard clay and silt of Purnea formation. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 59 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Morphostratigraphy Lithology Lithostratigraphy Purnea Surface Flood plain facies: In the north eastern part of Purnea Formation of the Kosi Fan and in the Ganga-Kosi interfluve Holocene Period flood plain equivalent is represented by alternation of yellow compact silt and yellowish grey clay with shells of gastropod in Kosi-Ganga interfluve and iron coated rock fragment in the outer margin of Kosi fan. (b) Fan facies: within the Kosi fan, this constitutes mainly light brownish yellow sand of various size grades: sand size increasing towards depth with occurrence of pebbles. Figure 4.1: Geological Map of Bihar 4.3.2.2 Seismic Hazards According to the Global Seismic Hazards Assessment Program (GSHAP) data, the state of Bihar falls in a region of moderate seismic hazard. Historically, parts of this region have experienced seismic activity in the M 5.0-6.0 range. Seismicity zone map of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 60 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar is shown in Figure 4.2 and the review of the map indicates that the project alignment is falling in high risk zones IV & V. Figure 4.2: Seismic Zone Map of Bihar 4.3.3 Drainage Pattern The proposed project road lies to the north of river Ganga in an alluvial landscape shaped by the Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan Rivers. It is evident from the hydrological map Figure 4.4, that the project area is part of Kosi river basin and do not face any water stress. Main stream of Kosi mainly drains through North-western part of the project area and joins River Ganga near Kurusela far southeast of subproject road. Gaghari River and Trimohan River flow across the project which maintains some flow/holds water but that too is limited to monsoon and post monsoon period. Besides, there are some other small streams/tributaries. Table 4.2 gives the water logged area district wise. Table 4.2: District wise Waterlogged Area District Madhepura Supaul Saharsa Total area in '000 ha 14.222 24.707 9.27 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 61 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Chainage wise Waterlogged Area The water logged area along the project road is only 70m. The area starts from km. 2.300. A minor bridge is proposed in this area. 4.3.3.1 Flooding Erratic rainfall and poor sub surface drainage in the area is cause for water logging along Kosi river, where standing water can be seen in rainy season and even in winter. The Water logging is mainly due to surface ponding of water during rainy season. The riverbeds are full of silt and there are poor drainage conditions, which result in accumulation of water depending upon water volume. Flood hazard map of Bihar is given in Figure 4.3. Figure 4.3: Flood hazard map of Bihar Water logging has adverse impact on the ecosystem like temperature stratification, variation in nutrient contents and dissolved oxygen at different level. Total waterlogged area in Bhagalpur district is 12,033 Ha. The subproject area is largely protected from flood after both the banks of Kosi were embanked during 1956. However, in the event of any breach in embankment one like during August 2008 when large scale inundation occurred due to breakage of eastern afflux bund near Kushaha. The breach has been plugged and original course of the river has been maintained. However, the above event has significantly changed the basin shape. Some new streams/water bodies have been created, some already existing channels have Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 62 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar vanished, and some have changed their courses. Figure 4.4 shows the Hydrogeology along the project road. Figure 4.4: Hydrogeology along the Project Road The existing drainage pattern along the Project Road is poor due to lack of balancing culverts. As per inventory done, in most stretches of the Project road there are no drains, in few stretches there are partially existing drains and in few stretches there are ponds and nalas. Since the Project Road lies in the Kosi river basin which is a flood affected region, the improvements of the drainage condition is very much essential. 4.3.4 Land Use Pattern. In the districts of Supaul, Saharsha and Madhepura, all the aerable lands are under cultivation because of the availability of assured irrigation either through tube-wells or canals. Land use and land cover pattern along the project road has been studied for 10 km areal distance on both sides of the road using remote sensing and GIS technique. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 63 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Land use pattern along the project road alignment is shown in Annexure 4.1.The land use pattern has been summarized in Table 4.3 and shown on Figure 4.5. Table 4.3: Land Use Pattern along the Project Road Class Area (ha) Area (%) Water body 213.94 0.09 River 22099.18 8.98 Settlements 14721.21 5.98 Road 304.92 0.12 Railway 56.01 0.02 Waste Land 4268.46 1.73 Industrial Area 57.60 0.02 Agricultural land 204449.27 83.05 Total 246170.58 100.00 Figure 4.5: Land Use Pattern along the Project Road Major land use in the study area is under agricultural land (83%) followed by water body (9%), and built-up area (6%). Nepal International Boundary is located about 1.5 km from the road. Total length of the international boundary falling within the study area is 47.8 km (Annexure 1.3). 4.3.5. Soil The project area falls in alluvial plains of Kosi- Mahananda and most of the soil in this area has been deposited by the tributaries of river Kosi. Soils of project influence area are continuously under alluviation along flood plains through annual flooding and deposition. The project area is mainly covered by thick alluvium soil. The soil is well drained, medium to heavy textured and alkaline in nature. 4.3.5.1 Soil Characteristics along Project Road Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 64 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar The soil along the alignment falls in the category of alluvial soils of Indo-Genetic Region. These soils are composed of broadly matching fractions of sands, silts and clay. The soil quality was monitored in November 2010 to establish the baseline condition. Three locations were selected dividing project highway in three approximately equal and homogeneous sub regions as given in table 4.4.There are no industrial activities in near vicinity and therefore only parameters, which may establish fertility of soils in the region, were selected for analysis. Table 4.4: Description of Soil Sampling Locations Location Distance Location S.No Area category Chainage (km) Code from CL (m) description 1 SQ1 Agricultural km 28+000 60 Simrahi 2 SQ2 Agricultural km 73+000 50 Madhepura 3 SQ3 Agricultural km 95+000 500 Gwalpada The sampling locations are shown on base map Annexure-4.6. The soil samples were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters using methods specified in IS2720:1985 (Part 1, 2, 22 and 26). The Physico-chemical properties of the soil are given in Table 4.5. Table 4.5 Physico -Chemical Properties of the Soil Samples (Nov. 2010) S. Results Parameters No. SQ1 SQ2 SQ3 1 pH 6.70 7.50 7.10 2 Conductivity(µs/cm) 260 138 91 3 Sand% 57.35 92.76 89.37 4 Silt% 42.65 7.24 10.63 5 Clay% 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 Soil texture Sandy silt Sandy silt Sandy silt Moisture/water retention 7 0.207 at 33 PKa 0.330 at 33 PKa 0.330 at 33 PKa capacity% 8 Moisture% 5 3 3 9 Infiltration rate mm/hour 22 28 27 10 Organic matter% 1.46 1.17 2.42 11 Nitrate % 0.00521 0.00595 0.00545 12 Sulphate % NIL NIL NIL 13 Chloride % 0.0006 0.0013 0.0021 14 Carbonate % 0.018 0.030 0.042 15 Specific gravity % 2.42 2.50 2.61 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 65 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. Results Parameters No. SQ1 SQ2 SQ3 16 Total soluble solids % 0.064 0.044 0.144 Source: Consultant Field Monitoring pH of soil shows that, at one location Simrahi is slightly acidic and at other two samples are slightly alkaline. Soil quality is observed to possess appreciable level of organic content indicating moderate to good fertility or agricultural potential. 4.3.5.2 Mineral Resources The project influence area does not have any sources of minerals. 4.3.5.3 Borrow Areas 17 Nos of borrow areas have been identified in entire stretch of project road Alignment. Borrow pits of Earth/Soil for construction of embankment fill and sub-grade is available in sufficient quantity throughout the road section from km 2.0 to 109 with lead range of 30 to 150 m. The list of borrow areas identified has been shown in Table 2.24. 4.3.5.4 Fly Ash The Ministry of Environmental and Forests, (MoEF) New Delhi as per its Notification has made use of fly ash mandatory for the earth works in road project within a radius of 100 km of coal based thermal power plants. In the present case, Kahalgaon Super Thermal Power Project in Bhagalpur is at a distance of 87 km from the end (km 106) of the project road. The fly ash requirement within 100 km stretch of STPP is only 2350 m 3. The quantity is so low that, it is not technically and commercially feasible. 4.3.6 Meteorology The project influence area has a tropical monsoon climate with three distinct seasons’ winters, summer and monsoon. The subproject areas have warm air, especially during daytime. The mean maximum daily temperature falls below 21°C. 4.3.6.1 Temperature The summer season is usually dry with high temperature ranging between 38 and 44°C. During rainy seasons the temperature varies from 28 to 36° C. Temperature during winters varies between 6 and 20° C. 4.3.6.2 Rainfall The project area receives most of its rainfall from the Bay of Bengal current of the south western monsoon. The region has a tropical monsoon climate with three distinct seasons - winter, summer and rainy. The climatic conditions vary with its physiographic set-up. The Ganga plains zone forms an excessive bowl of warm air, especially during day time. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 66 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Summer season in the zone covers the period from April to June, May being the hottest month in the greater part of the area. The daily mean maximum temperature in May rises to 40°C and above. The cold weather period extends from December to February, January being the coldest month, when temperature falls below 10°C. The onset of monsoon normally occurs in early June and by the end of July, the monsoon establishes itself over the entire Ganga Plain and results in heavy downpour and triggered off everywhere till the end of September. Last five years rainfall (mm) data has been presented in table 4.6. Table 4.6 Rain fall (in mm) for last 5 years YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Total 2007 - 15.5 24.8 3.6 117.5 115.6 543.7 202.8 383.5 92.5 0.0 0.0 1499.50 2008 45.30.0 0.6 0.3 9.7 87.6 377.8 216.0 226.3 110.7 35.8 0.00 0.00 1110.10 2009 2.0 2.7 2.5 0.0 202.8 65.8 326.2 500.9 220.0 172.1 2.8 0.8 1498.60 2010 0.0 4.2 4.0 2.2 65.7 105.8 234.3 195.6 127.5 19.9 5.3 0.7 765.20 2011 2.4 3.1 33.0 73.9 89.5 332.2 179.1 358.8 152.6 39.9 0.0 0.0 1264.50 Source: Indian Meteorological Department, Patna Around 95% of the total rainfall is received during the monsoon season (Mid of June to end of September). The remaining 4 to 6 percent rainfall occurs in the month of October and end of December to mid of January. Overall rainfall (annual) varies between 800 mm to 1,000 mm. 4.3.6.3 Relative Humidity The average recorded relative humidity is 74%. The highest relative humidity of 92% is observed in the month of August. 4.3.6.4 Wind Speed and Direction The wind speeds recorded by India Meteorological Department at its meteorological station Patna is given in Table 4.7 and Figure 4.6 below: Table 4.7: Mean Wind speed and Direction of Project Area Months Wind Speed (Km/h) Wind direction January 3.2 North to South February 5.4 East to West March 6.2 East to West April 6.8 Northeast to Southwest May 8.9 Northeast Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 67 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Months Wind Speed (Km/h) Wind direction Jun 10.2 Northeast to Southwest July 8.4 Northeast August 5.3 North-northeast to south-Southeast September 5.2 North-northeast to south-Southeast October 3.8 North-northeast to south-Southeast November 2.4 East-northeast-South-southwest December 3.0 East-northeast-South-southwest Source: Indian Meteorological Department Patna Source: State of Environmental Report, Bihar SPCB Figure 4.6: Wind Rose Diagrams Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 68 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar The wind rose diagrams indicate that normally winds are not very strong and have changing directions. In the most of month, air flow is dominant from northeast to southeast so the locations of hot mix plants and construction camps should be selected in the left side of the alignment away from habitat. 4.3.7 Air Environment 4.3.7.1 Ambient Air Quality of the Project Influence Area The AAQ sampling was done as per CPCB guidelines representing residential, commercial and sensitive sites along the project road to establish the baseline data. Four monitoring locations (Table 4.8) were selected to determine ambient air quality level along the project road. The monitoring locations are shown on base map Annexure-4.6. The locations of the monitoring stations Figure 4.7 were based on preliminary analysis of the meteorological condition, particularly predominant wind direction. Figure 4.7: View of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Table 4.8: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Chainage Distance from Location Station Code Location Name (km) Centerline(m) description AQ1 Karzine 15+000 30 Commercial AQ2 Simrahi 25+000 38 Sensitive AQ3 Madhepura 73+400 35 Residential AQ4 Gawalpada 94+000 40 Commercial The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out during October, November and December 2010 for each location on a 24-hours schedule. Twice a week monitoring for the entire period was conducted at 4 locations. The instrument was kept in free space from vegetation and the height of sampler was kept in range of 3-6 m. Monitoring was Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 69 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar done as per the Guidelines for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, National Ambient Air Quality Series NAAQMS/25/2003-04. For the collection of samples for PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and CO, Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS-DX) along with gaseous sampling impingers were used. For the collection of PM2.5, Fine Particulate Sampler (FPS) was used. SO2 was collected by drawing air through absorbing solution of TCM (EPA Modified West & Geake Method was used for determining the concentration) and NO2 was collected by drawing air through the mixture of absorbing solution of Sodium Arsenite (Na-Arsenite Modified Jacob & Hochheiser Method). The measurement for both SO2 and NO2 was done colorimetric. All the analyses were carried out as per IS-5182. Results of ambient air quality are presented in Annexure 4.3 and summary is given in Table 4.9. Copy of NABL accreditation of the laboratory with detailed scope of work is presented in Annexure 4.3A. Table 4.9 : Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results PM10 PM2.5 NO2 SO2 CO* Parameters 3 3 3 3 3 (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (mg/m ) Karzine (AQ1) Mean 82 47 23.2 7.3 0.46 th 98 Percentile 117 69 31.4 9.4 0.62 Simrahi (AQ2) Mean 52 23 17.9 6.5 0.35 th 98 Percentile 65 32 22.1 8.4 0.45 Madhepura (AQ3) Mean 63 32 22.5 6.5 0.42 th 98 Percentile 76 50 30.1 8.3 0.54 Gawalpada (AQ4) Mean 71 34 24.5 8 0.38 th 98 Percentile 87 49 34.4 9.8 0.47 Lab Report Enclosed –Annexure 4.7 Continuous 24 hours air monitoring was done at a frequency of twice a week at 4 locations during October 2010 to December 2010. The average value of PM10 range between 52 and 82 µg/m3 The mean values of PM2.5 at Karzine (km 15+000) was 47µg/m3, at Gwalpada (94+000) 34 µg/m3, Madhepura (73+400 ) 32 µg/m3 and Simrahi(25+000) 23µg/m3. The mean values of PM10 were found to be 82 µg/m3 at Karzine followed by Gwalpada (71µg/m3), Madhepura (63µg/m3) and Simrahi (52µg/m3). The maximum average value of NOx recorded was 24.5 µg/m3 at Gwalpada. SO2 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 70 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar concentration was found to be in the range 6.5 to 8 µg/m3. The values of CO were found to be below 0.5 mg/m3. Monthly average variation of ambient air quality along the project road is given in Figure 4.8. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS 2009) are given in Annexure-4.4. The values of gaseous pollutants such as SO2, NO2 and CO are well within the prescribed limits of NAAQ Standards however; the values of Particulate pollutants such as PM10 and PM2.5 are marginal to NAAQ Standards for the Residential and Commercial areas published by MOEF. 100.0 60.0 90.0 50.0 80.0 70.0 PM10 in Microgram/M3 40.0 PM2.5 in Microgrames/M3 60.0 50.0 Oct. 2010 30.0 Oct. 2010 Nov.2010 Nov.2010 40.0 Dec.2010 Dec.2010 20.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 Karzine (AQ1) Simrahi (AQ2) Madhepura (AQ3) Gawalpada (AQ4) Karzine (AQ1) Simrahi (AQ2) Madhepura Gawalpada (AQ3) (AQ4) Sampling Locations Sampling Locations 35.0 9.0 30.0 8.0 7.0 25.0 SO2 in Micrograms/M3 NOx in Micrograms/M3 6.0 20.0 5.0 Oct. 2010 Oct. 2010 4.0 15.0 Nov.2010 Nov.2010 Dec.2010 3.0 Dec.2010 10.0 2.0 5.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Karzine (AQ1) Simrahi (AQ2) Madhepura Gawalpada Karzine (AQ1) Simrahi (AQ2) Madhepura Gawalpada (AQ3) (AQ4) (AQ3) (AQ4) Sampling Locations Sampling Locations Figure 4.8: Monthly average variation of ambient air quality 4.3.8 Noise Environment Noise attributed to roads depends on factors such as traffic intensity, the type and condition of the vehicles plying on the road, acceleration/deceleration/gear changes by the vehicles depending on the level of congestion and smoothness of road surface (IRC: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 71 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 104-1988). High noise levels are a concern for sensitive receptors, i.e. hospitals, educational institutions, etc. The Central Pollution Control Board has specified ambient noise levels for different land uses for day and night times and these are given below in Table 4.10 below. Importance was given to the timing of exposure and areas designated as sensitive. Table 4.10 : Ambient Noise Standards (As per Noise Pollution Régulation & Control Rules 2000) Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB (A) Leq. Daytime Night time A Industrial area 75 70 B Commercial area 65 55 C Residential area 55 45 D Silence area 50 40 (Source: Noise pollution (Regulation and control) Rules, 2000) Note-1 Day time is reckoned in between 6 AM to 10 PM Note-2 Night time is reckoned in between 10 PM to 6 AM Note-3 Silence zone is defined as areas up to 100 meters around such as premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority Note-4 Mixed categories of areas should be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories, by the Competent Authority and the corresponding standard shall apply. To assess the background noise level in the study area ambient noise monitoring was conducted at 8 locations (Table 4.11) within the study area selected for measurement of present status of ambient noise levels. The ambient noise monitoring locations are shown on base map Annexure-4.6. The stations were selected judiciously based on following consideration.  Obstruction free exposure of equipment.  Away from temporary noise generating sources to monitor true background levels.  Accessibility of the location during day and night.  Security and safety of the instrument.  Sensitivity of the locations like residential, schools, hospitals etc. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 72 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 4.11: Details of Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Locations Location Distance from Chainage (km) Area Category Location Description Code Centre line (m) NQ1 3+500 35 Commercial Bhimnagar NQ2 25+000 42 Sensitive Karzine, NQ3 29+500 50 Residential Ganpatganj NQ4 44+400 40 Residential CutingChowk NQ5 65+500 40 Sensitive Singheswar NQ6 73+000 40 Residential Bustand (Madhepura) NQ7 85+000 35 Commercial Jirwa NQ8 93+000 40 Commercial Gopalpara Ambient noise level data at selected locations are given Annexure 4.7 and summarized in Table 4.12 below. Table 4.12: Ambient Noise Levels along the Project Road Average dB(A) Location Code Area Category Day Time Night Time NQ1 Commercial 62.5 53.4 NQ2 Sensitive 49.0 43.5 NQ3 Residential 54.0 44.2 NQ4 Residential 50.3 41.0 NQ5 Sensitive 48.1 42.3 NQ6 Residential 55.3 46.7 NQ7 Commercial 64.0 55.8 NQ8 Commercial 62.6 53.2 Day time equivalent noise level in the study area varied between 48.1-64.0 dB(A) correspondingly, the night time equivalent noise level ranged between 41.0- 55.8 dB(A). As far as instantaneous noise level is concerned, the maximum (64.0 dBA) was observed at NQ7 in day time and the minimum (41.0 dBA) at NQ4 at night time. The results of day and night noise levels indicate that current daytime and night time noise levels are within the prescribed limits of Ambient Noise Standards (As per Noise Pollution Regulation & Control Rules 2000). An analysis result indicates that the night time noise levels were lower than the corresponding day time measures. It was observed that noise levels at all locations were well within the applicable limits. Relatively higher noise levels have been recorded in urban areas. The high noise levels are attributed to vehicular traffic at these locations. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 73 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 4.3.9 Water Environment Water is an important physical resource in every context. It is densely encoded with social, spiritual, political and environmental meanings, and these have a powerful effect upon patterns of water use and upon the relationship between water users and suppliers. 4.3.9.1 Surface Water The surface water bodies along the project road consist of streams, canals and ponds. Chainage wise location of the water bodies cross the project road and along the project road are given in Table 4.13 and 4.14 respectively. Table 4.13: Lists of Water Bodies crossing the project road Type of Water Maximum Linear water way S. No. Location HFL body discharge (m) Eastern Kosi main canal 1. Km 2+462 291.15 cum/sec 81.90 71.67 m from hydro power station 2. Irrigation Canal Km 10+627 152.92 cum/sec 59.36 68.96 m 3. Stream Km 33+870 45.76 cum/sec 32.47 57.59 m 4. Stream Km 40.910 51.72 cum/sec 34.52 - 5. River Km 44.429 202.35 cum/sec 68.28 51.90 m 6. Stream Km 49+675 37.78 cum/sec 29.50 - 7. Stream Km 52+380 195.04 cum/sec 67.04 50.19 m 8. Stream Km 63+538 309.31 cum/sec 82.42 - 9. Stream Km 66+764 218.69 cum/sec 82.42 - 10. Stream Km 74+227 1050.05 cum/sec 155.54 - 11. Stream Km 75.057 340.08 cum/sec 88.52 - 12. Irrigation Canal Km 92+424 1200.58 cum/sec 166.32 - 13. Stream Km 98+809 48.28 cum/sec 33.35 - Table 4.14: Lists of Water Bodies (Ponds) along the project road Locations Distance from C/L (m) S. No. Length (m) Side From (km) To (km) Max Min 1 20+945 21+005 14.58 5.31 60 LHS 2 23+529 23+577 25.96 12.71 48 RHS 3 29+047 29+068 10.81 9.43 20 RHS 4 44+898 44+965 17.29 13.55 66 LHS 5 46+000 46+060 17.70 8.14 60 LHS 6 46+291 46+342 9.00 4.40 51 RHS Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 74 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Locations Distance from C/L (m) S. No. Length (m) Side From (km) To (km) Max Min 7 49+349 49+394 28.82 20.61 45 RHS 8 67+586 67+636 11.05 9.47 50 LHS 9 80+073 80+138 35.13 15.90 65 RHS 10 88+648 88+684 17.72 14.44 36 RHS 11 88+865 88+885 14.02 8.79 20 RHS 12 92+614 92+646 15.00 10.85 32 LHS 13 97+736 97+787 12.89 10.35 51 RHS 14 97+946 97+994 14.90 12.67 48 RHS 15 98+177 20.22 RHS 16 110+897 110+947 31.14 30.31 50 LHS 16 Ponds are existing along the project road. Out of which 8 ponds are lying within the existing ROW. Surface water is not used for drinking or domestic purpose in the area. In order to establish baseline conditions for surface water quality, two water samples were collected and analyzed. The sampling locations are given in Table 4.15 and shown on base map Annexure-4.6. Surface water quality largely meets the standards prescribed for bathing and fish survival. Results of surface water quality have been given at Table 4.16. Table 4.15: Details of Surface Water Quality Sampling Locations Location Code Monitoring Location Chainage Location description SW1 Bhimnagar km 3+500 Kosi River SW2 Simrahi km 25+000 Kosi river canal Table 4.16: Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results Results Sl No. Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 1 pH - 7.12 7.33 2 TSS mg/l 10 14 3 TDS mg/l 445 456 4 Chloride mg/l 15 16 5 Alkalinity mg/l 208 195 8 Conductivity µ mohs/ cm 625 628 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 75 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Results Sl No. Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 9 Total hardness mg/l 294 298 10 Calcium mg/l 65 60 11 Magnesium mg/l 29 27 12 Sulphate mg/l 52.0 56.0 13 Fluoride mg/l 0.4 0.4 14 DO (% saturation) 6 7 15 BOD mg/l 20 23 The surface water mainly has influence of Kosi River during flooding in rainy seasons; much variation in parameter values was not observed. These results indicate that the water quality is suitable for bathing and even for drinking after proper disinfection as per CPCB classification and guidelines Table 4.17 Table 4.17: Use based classification of Surface water in India Designated-Best- Class of Criteria Use water Drinking Water A 1. Total Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml shall be 50 or less Source without 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 conventional 3. Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more treatment but after 4. 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20ºC 2mg/l or less disinfection Outdoor bathing B 1. Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less (Organized) 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 3. Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/l or less Drinking water source C 1. Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or less after conventional 2. pH between 6 to 9 treatment and 3. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more disinfection 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/l or less Propagation of Wild D 1. pH between 6.5 to 8.5 life and Fisheries 2. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more 3. Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less Irrigation, Industrial E 1. pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Cooling, Controlled 2. Electrical Conductivity at 25°C micro mhos/cm Max.2250 Waste disposal 3. Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 4. Boron Max. 2mg/l (Source: Guidelines for Water Quality Management –CPCB 2008) 4.3.9.2 Ground Water Due to favorable geological setup, abundant groundwater is available in the project area. Ground water is used for all purposes including irrigation. The shallow groundwater Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 76 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar aquifer in the area occurs under unconfined state while deeper aquifers are under semi confined to confined state. Shallow water table conditions exist in close proximity to rivers. In some parts of Supaul and Madhepura districts, the yield from tube wells (120 m depth) is up to 215 m3/hr. The depth of water level in this region varies from 5 to 10 m below ground level during pre-monsoon season and the same level is in the range of 2 to 5 m below ground level during post-monsoon season. The average water level fluctuation is 1 to 2 m. 4.3.9.3 Ground Water Quality Ground water quality monitoring locations are given in Table 4.18 and shown on base map Annexure-4.6. The results of the water samples analysis are presented below in Table 4.19. The parameters were determined as per IS: 10500. Table 4.18: Details of Water Quality Sampling Locations Location No. Location Chainage Source GW1 Simrahi km 28+000 Hand Pump GW2 Madhepura km 73+000 Tube well GW3 Gwalpada km 95+000 Tube well Table 4.19: Ground Water Quality Monitoring Results S. No. Parameters Unit GW1(Hand Pump) GW2(Tube well) GW3(Tube well) 1 pH 7.22 7.36 7.74 2 Colour Pt. scale Hz >1 Hz >1 Hz >1Hz Units 3 Suspended Solids mg/l >2 mg/l >2 mg/l >2 mg/l 4 Odour Agreeable/ Agreeable/ Agreeable/ Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable 5 Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml >2 >2 >2 6 Conductivity µ mohs/cm 144 312 218 7 Chloride mg/l 15 13 11 8 Sulphate mg/l 46 72 40 9 TDS mg/l 92 201 141 10 Nitrate mg/l 19 21 16 11 Fluoride mg/l 0.4 0.4 0.2 12 Surfactants as mg/l >0.2 mg/l >0.2 mg/l >0.2 mg/l MBAS 13 Alkalinity mg/l 65 155 113 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 77 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Results S. No. Parameters Unit GW1(Hand Pump) GW2(Tube well) GW3(Tube well) 14 Fixed residue mg/l 89 174 272 15 Total hardness mg/l 77 211 155 16 Calcium mg/l 18 46 36 17 Magnesium mg/l 7 22 14 Source: Sample collected on 15 October 2011 – Lab Report Enclosed –Annexure 4.7 From the analysis it can be concluded that all the parameters of ground water quality are within the potable BIS: 10500 norms (Annexure 4.2) for all monitored parameters. 4.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 4.4.1 Forest The state of Bihar has only 6.9% of forest cover to its total geographic area. Legally this area has been classified into "Reserved Forest, Protected Forests, and Unclassified Forest" and their areas are 693 sq. km (0.75%), 5779 sq. km (6.14%) and 1 sq. km (0%) respectively. Per capita forest area in the state is 0.01 ha against the national average of 0.07 ha. The latest estimates of Forest Survey of India (FSI), published in the State of Forest Report (SFR) 2003, suggest that the total forest cover of Bihar is 5,558 sq. km., which is 5.9% of the land area. Neither any wildlife sanctuary nor any national park lies within the project influence area. 4.4.1.1 Forest in the Project Influence Area The project districts as whole are almost devoid of forest. Only 0.56% and 0.62 % of the total geographical area of the Supaul district and Madhepura district respectively is under forest. No reserve forest is in the vicinity of the subproject road. However, the roadside plantation is designated as protected forest and hence permission for tree felling is required from forest department. The district wise Notified protected forest land involved in the project which required diversion is as under: (i) Supaul District ( km 0 to 52.5) - 63.00 Ha (ii) Madhepura District (km 52.5 to 82.6, km 88 to 106) - 57.72 Ha. (iii) Saharsa District (km 82.6 to 88.0 ) - 06.48 Ha. Total - 127.20 Ha 4.4.1.2 Road Side Plantations The different types of trees present along the road corridor are given in table 4.20. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 78 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 4.20 : Different types of trees present along the road corridor Sl. No Vernacular Name Scientific Name Remark 1 Kadam Anthrocephaluscadamba None of the species are Rare/ Endangered / 2 Shisham or Indian Endemic or Threatened Rosewood- Dalbergiasissoo, 3 Aam Mangiferaindica 4 Eucalyptus 5 Simul Bombaxceiba 6 Jamun or Java Plum syzygium 7 Siris Albizialebek 8 Sagwan or Teak Tectonagrandis 9 Khair Acacia catechu 10 Satiana Alstniascolaris 11 Krishnasura Delonixregia 12 Kikar or Babul Acacia nilotica 13 Khejri Prosopis cineraria 14 Neem Azadirachtaindica 15 Lasura or Lehswa Cordiadichotoma, 16 Amrood or Guava Psidiumguajava 17 Amita Carica papaya 18 Bhimkol Musa sps, 19 Ber or Indian Jujube Zizyphusmauritiana 20 Kair or Teat Capparisdeciduas 21 Pipal or Bo Tree Ficusreligiosa 22 RangaKanchan Bauhinia purpurea 23 Imli or Tamarind Tamarindusindica 24 Barh or Banyan Ficusindicus 25 Pakori Ficusrumphii 26 Bogori Zizyphus jujube 27 Shahtoot or mulberry Morusalbaatropurpurea 28 Kathal Artocarpusheterophyllus 29 Ghoranim Meliaazedarach 30 Amlakhi Phylanthusambilica 31 Deodaru Polialthialongifolia 32 Mahua etc. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 79 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 4.4.1.3 Tree Cutting within the Proposed RoW Road side vegetation is likely to be impacted due to road widening. The types of trees are mixed in nature and are mostly Sheesham, Arjun, Siris, Mango, Pipal, Bargad, Neem etc. The project road involves cutting of 9014 trees (within the ROW) for widening of the existing single/intermediate lane road to 2 lane with paved/earthen shoulder at urban/rural areas. The district wise number of trees to be felled are given in Table 4.21 as under: Table 4.21: District wise number of trees to be felled S. No. District No. of trees 01 Supaul 3487 02 Madhepura 5413 03 Saharsa 114 04 Total 9014 4.4.2 Fauna (a) Mammals The major wild animals found in the area are the Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Indian foxes (Vulpes bengalensis), Jackals (Cansis aureus), porcupines, monkeys (Nigicollis), wild cats (Felis chaus), hares (Lepus ruficandatus) and other domesticated animals. (b) Reptiles Lizards of all kinds abound from the large tree-climbing animals called gosamp to the harmless house lizards; but snakes are not perhaps so abundant as in area. Thanatophidia, especially the cobra and karait (Bangarus caearulus) are continually met with. The other reptiles that are found in the area are given in Table 4.23. (c) Birds The common birds seen in the study area are grey partridge, smaller sand group, snipe and many kinds of quail, the latter affording excellent shooting when the ripe rabi crops are on the ground or in the arhar fields close to waste land overgrown with scrub vegetation. Neither the black nor the painted partridge are seen in study area, but the small florican is occasionally found. Blue-rock pigeons are common. The green pigeon or bacial is found wherever there are Peepal trees. During the winter months the area are well stocked with the teal and various kinds of ducks, pochards, sheldrakes and goose. The gray goos and brahminy duck are however more common in the neighbourhood of the Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 80 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Ganga and Sone River while the kuland is met with but is not abundant. The avifauna includes the well-known saras (crane), many kinds of herons and waders, and all the usual varieties of voves, parakeet, sparrows, shrikes, crows, rollers and other passerine birds. The list of fauna dwelling in the project area is given in Table 4.22 and Table 4.23. A) Invertebrates. Table 4.22: Checklist of Spiders and Common Insects in the Study Area Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name Spiders 1. Orb weaver Neoscona sp. 2. Ground spider Drassodes sp. 3. Camel Spider Insects 1. House cricket Gryllusdomesticus 2. Mole Cricket Scapteriscus borellii 3. Housefly Muscadomestica 4. Mosquito Anopheles sp. 5. Black Ant Canponotuscompressus 6. Red Ant Oecophyliasmargdina 7. Honey bee Apusindica 8. Wasp Vespa sp. 9. Praying Mantis Mantis religiosa 10. Grasshopper Orthopteran Sp. 11 Ground Beetle Carabid sp. B) Vertebrate Fauna: Table: 4.23: Fauna recorded within Study Area of proposed project S.No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Mammals Direct Sightings 1 Bovidae Nilgai/Bluebull Boselaphustragocamelus 2 Leporidae Indian Hare Lepasnigricollis 3 Canidae Jackal Canisaureus 4 Canidae Indian Fox Vulpesbengalensis 5 Herpestidae Small Indian Mongoose Herpestesjavanicus 6 Herpestidae Grey Mongoose Herpestesedwardsi 7 Soricidae House Shrew Suncusmurinus Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 81 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S.No. Family Common Name Scientific Name 8 Scuiridae Five-Striped Palm Squirrel Funambuluspennantii 9 Muridae House Rat Rattusrattus 10 Muridae Brown Rat Rattusnorvegicus 11 Muridae House Mouse Musmusculus 12 Muridae Little Indian Field Mouse Musbooduga Indirect Records – Pugmarks/Pellets/Scat/Secondary Data 13 Felidae Jungle Cat Felischaus 14 Felidae Caracal Caracal caracal 15 Hyaenidae Hyena Hyaenahyaena 16 Canidae Indian Wolf Canis lupus 17 Suidae Wild Pig Susscrofa Reptiles 18 Testudinidae Indian Star Tortoise Geocheloneelegans 19 Trionychidae Indian Flapshell Turtle Lissemyspunctata 20 Agamidae IndianGarden Lizard Calotesversicolor 21 Agamidae Fan-throated lizard Sitanaponticeriana 22 Gekkonidae Warty Rock Gecko CyrtopodionKachhense 23 Gekkonidae Northern House Gecko Hemidactylusflaviviridis 24 Gekkonidae Termite-hill Gecko Hemidactylustriedrus 25 Lacertidae Indian Fringed-toed Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris 26 Scincidae Keeled Grass Skink Mabuyacarinata 27 Scincidae Bronze Grass Skink Mabuyamacularia 28 Uromastycidae Hardwicke’s Spiny-tailed Uromastyxhardwickii Lizard 29 Varanidae Common Indian Monitor Varanusbengalesis 30 Boidae Russell’s Earth Boa Eryxconicus 31 Boidae Red Sand Boa Eryxjohnii 32 Colubridae Common Ratsnake Ptyasmucosus 33 Colubridae Checkered Keelback Xenochropispiscator 34 Elapidae Indian Cobra Najanaja 35 Viperidae Russel’s Viper Daboiarusseli 4.4.2.1 Aquatic Ecology The project area is part of Kosi river Basin. Recent Kosi avulsion has caused several changes in the basin. This has resulted in formation of local tanks/ ponds, branching of channels/streams. Aquatic life in the stream (the newly formed stream after Kosi flood) is not diverse. Depth of this stream is limited to 1-1.5 m. Several weed/minor fish species were reported in this Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 82 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar stream. Major-minor/carp species were reported at some locations during raining season. Fishery activity in Trimohan River is mainly observed during monsoon season. The river is non-perennial in nature and some fishes of weed species are found in the deeper part of the river where some water remains accumulated (or flowing) during non- monsoon season also. 4.4.2.2 Fishes The common fishes of the study area are as follows: Acanthocobitis botia, Ailia coila, Ailia punchata, Arius gagorides, Badis badis, Bagarius bagarius, Bagarius yarrelli, Barilius barna, Barilius sharca, Barilius tileo, Botia Dario, Botia lohachata, Chaca chaca, Chagunium chagunio, Chitala chitala, Coinus quadrufasiatus, Danio rerio, Erethistes pusillus, Eutropiichthys murius, Gagata cenia, Gagata gagata, Gagata sexualis, Gagata youssoufi, Gangra viridescens, Glyptothorax stocliczkae, Gonialosa chapra, Ilisha megaloptera, Johnius gangaticus, Lepidocephalus guntea, Mustusgulio, Nangra carcharhinoides, Nangra nangra, Otolithoides pama, Pristis microdon, Punitus guganio, Raiamas bola, Salmostoma bacaila, Tor tor, Sperata aor, Xenentodon Cancila. There are no major fisheries centres like Deemed Universities/Institutions, National Research Centres, National Bureau and Directorates/Project Directorate in Bihar. But Krishi Vigyan Kendras (38) exist in the district headquarters of project districts through which fish culture activities are being promoted. Based on secondary data (IUCN), discussion with forest/wild life departments and consultation with local people no endangered species of fauna has been recorded. 4.5 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 4.5.1 Demographic Profile The composition of the population in project area was found to be slightly skewed in favor of male with 56% compared to 44% of female. This is reflected in the sex ratio, with 800 females against 1000 males. Majority of the sample households are of nuclear type (53%) consisting of parents and unmarried children and 47% joint and extended families. The average family size is 4 persons. Of the literate population almost one-fourth (24%) has achieved primary level of education, 21% middle level and 15% has achieved Secondary / Higher Secondary level education. The post-secondary education claims a share of mere 6%. There is a high degree (97%) of school enrollment for children between the age group of 6 to 14 years. Composition of sample population by age groups shows a predominance of working age group (15-59 years) at 54% over the young age group (0-14 years) and old age group (above 60 years) accounting for 39% and 7% respectively. However, the dependency ratio is 85 %, which indicates the burden of dependent population on working population. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 83 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar The occupation pattern showed that along with the primary activities the tertiary activities within the project area has also been developed considerably. It is estimated that an average household living in the PIA has an earning of Rs. 2800 per month. The proposed road alignment will reduce the distance between the PIA districts and economic activity zones of Patna, Bhagalpur and Katihar. This will facilitate growth of economic activities, access to better economic prospect outside the area and hence increase in income generation. Three pre-dominant types of structures are prevalent along the entire project area, the semi-pucca type of houses constitutes 31% of all dwelling units, pucca 37% while Kutcha houses account for 19 per cent. Amongst all PAPs 41 % of households belong to vulnerable categories, 38 % of the population lives below poverty line which also includes the Scheduled Caste household belonging to BPL category, households with disabled members account for 0.30 %. Scheduled Caste households account for 1.9 % and 1% are women headed households. No Scheduled Tribe family has been recorded among the sample households. No major threat for either spread of HIV/AIDS or human trafficking is perceived by the people. No such cases have yet been reported to the local Govt. or to the people informally. Demographic features of the state and project area districts are given in Table 4.24 Table 4.24 : Demographic Features of the State and Project Area Districts Bihar Supaul Madhepura Saharsa State/ District 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 Area in sq 94163 94163 2420 2420 1,787 1,787 1,686 1,686 Km Population 82878796 10,38,04,637 1,745,069 2,228,815 1,526,646 1,994,618 1,508,182 1,897,102 Male 43153964 5,41,85,347 902,207 1,157,185 797,180 1,042,373 789,432 995,502 Female 39724832 4,96,19,290 830,371 1,070,582 729,460 952,245 718,750 901,600 Population Density per 880 1,102 724 919 854 1,116 895 1,125 sq. km Sex Ratio 921 916 920 925 915 914 910 906 Literacy Rate 47.53 62.82 37.28 59.65 36.07 53.78 39.08 54.57 Male 60.32 73.39 52.42 71.65 48.80 63.82 51.60 65.22 Female 33.57 53.33 20.81 46.63 22.11 42.75 25.27 42.73 Population Growth Rate 21.54 25.01 29.25 28.62 29.45 30.65 33.03 25.79 Source: (Statistical Abstract Bihar2001-11, Directorate of Economics and Statistics) Literacy Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 84 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 4.5.2 Project affected structures and Common Property Resources 425 households will be affected due to proposed project which includes 285 structures and 140 agricultural land owners. The total affected structures are 302 in the project stretch. In the Saharsa district only 8 structures are impacted as the project length is only 10.00 km. Titleholders 217 and CPRs 17 in two of the districts of the project stretch. Total structures affected are given in table 4. 25. Table 4.25: Total Structures affected District Titleholders Squatters Encroachers Kiosks CPRs Total Supaul 152 11 13 15 9 200 Madhepura 65 - 9 12 8 94 Saharsa - - 3 5 - 8 Total 217 11 25 32 17 302 Source: Social Survey, CEG 4.5.3 Amenities, Cultural and Religious Properties Roadside amenities and religious properties generally include:  Religious properties (Temples, Gurudwara and Mosques)  Educational institutions  Medical amenities  Hand pumps The summary of utilities affected due to proposed project is given in table 4.26 below: Table 4.26 : Summary of utilities affected due to proposed project Sl.No Utility Type Existing To be relocated 1 Water supply line Nil Nil 2 Telephone poles 221 221 3 Electric poles 1331 1331 4 Transformer 53 53 5 OFC 32Km 32Km 6 Hand pumps 138 138 7 Religious Structures 9 9 8 Hospitals Nil Nil 9 Schools 1 1 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 85 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 4.5.3.1 Religious Structures There are 9 religious structures shall be affected due to proposed project. Chainage wise details is given in Table 4.27. Table 4.27: Religious structures affected Distance Khasra S.n. Village Distt Chainage Side Type from CL no. (m) 1 Rupouli Madhepura 62+100 RHS - Temple 38 2 Rupouli Madhepura 63+103 LHS - Temple 11 Temple Kaali 3 Madanpura Madhepura 75+420 LHS - 9 mata 4 Manikpur Madhepura 75+610 LHS - Temple 10 5 Piprahi Supoul 27+475 RHS 112 Shiv Temple 11 Ram-Janki 6 Durgapur Supoul 28+025 LHS 11,10 7 Temple Ram Janki 7 Durgapur Supoul 28+400 LHS 19 9 Temple 8 Bhimnagar Supoul 2+000 LHS 1421 Shiv Temple 22 Durga, Ganesh , 9 Bhimnagar Supoul 2+350 LHS 1418 25 Hanuman Temple 4.5.3.2 Presence of Sensitive receptors (School, College etc.) Road side Sensitive receptors such as School, College etc. were found in throughout the project section. 46 schools are existing along the project. One school at Manikpur of Madhepura district is affected due to proposed ROB. The details of these Sensitive receptors are presented in Table 4.28 below: Table 4. 28 List of Schools and Colleges along the Project Road S. No. Locations Distance from C/L (m) Side Remark From To Max Min 1 4+596 4+614 43.77 32.03 RHS 2 8+772 8+807 17.69 12.78 RHS 3 14+569 14+591 30.93 24.33 RHS 4 16+488 16+528 11.61 11.37 LHS Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 86 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No. Locations Distance from C/L (m) Side Remark 5 17+063 17+100 6.27 6.0 LHS 6 18+159 18+164 7.05 6.0 RHS 7 20+985 21+038 98.47 58.38 LHS 8 21+675 21+688 16.11 14.05 RHS 9 24+577 12.67 RHS 10 29+249 29+314 17.40 14.53 RHS 11 29+318 29+335 100.64 91.98 RHS 12 29+416 29+449 17.00 12.00 RHS 13 29+609 29+652 16.34 15.37 LHS 14 31+168 31+219 8.31 5.56 LHS 15 32+685 32+711 6.40 6.33 LHS 16 36+028 36+043 84.13 19.33 RHS 17 39+902 39+916 6.50 6.0 LHS 18 44+114 44+147 47.38 35.38 RHS 19 46+202 46+214 15.21 14.36 RHS 20 48+278 498+314 10.08 9.03 RHS 21 49+334 9.00 RHS 22 52+482 52+517 7.85 7.54 RHS 23 54+311 54+326 21.61 21.39 RHS 24 54+326 54+343 34.26 33.15 RHS 25 54+841 54+916 14.25 12.77 LHS 26 57+088 57+094 14.27 13.24 RHS 27 57+099 57+111 31.94 28.90 RHS 28 57+108 57+124 49.17 45.54 RHS 29 67+431 67+441 17.03 16.88 LHS 30 67+436 67+478 85.72 76.97 LHS 31 68+485 68+565 20.92 7.24 LHS 32 72+489 72+507 9.95 8.57 RHS 33 78+026 78+033 27.00 24.24 LHS 34 78+489 78+496 18.58 14.19 RHS Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 87 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No. Locations Distance from C/L (m) Side Remark 35 78+496 78+536 32.32 15.38 RHS 36 78+723 78+808 14.89 11.72 LHS 37 81+014 81+022 69.04 65.06 RHS 38 92+389 92+418 24.47 21.79 RHS 39 94+257 94+270 39.94 27.03 RHS 40 100+931 100+991 15.23 14.10 RHS 41 102+720 33.54 RHS 42 112+499 112+505 17.14 15.72 LHS 43 117+799 117+807 26.94 25.28 LHS 44 118+417 118+430 20.93 20.58 LHS 45 71+050 71+109 12.86 8.28 RHS Affected due to 46 75+610 to 76+850 - 9.0 LHS Proposed ROB 4.5.3.3 Hospitals and Health care services There are two hundred primary health centers, fifteen Govt. hospitals and nine-referral hospitals in the project area. The distance of the Govt. health care centers varies from 5 to 10km. The people generally are attended by doctors at local primary health centers and if necessary they visit Patna/Bhagalpur. The health centers are however, constrained by poor health infrastructure and weak monitoring of health related activities. There are 3 hospitals along the project road and are not affected due to proposed road project. List of hospitals along the proposed project is given in Table 4.29 below. Table 4.29: List of hospitals along the proposed project Locations Distance from C/L (m) S. No. Length (m) Side From To Max Min 1 72+437 72+444 9.0 9.0 7 RHS 2 83+323 83+339 17.16 16.87 16 LHS 3 93+947 93+970 31.16 30.40 23 RHS People rarely travel to Patna for treatment except for critical patients, since both time and cost of travel are not encouraging. The common mode of transport to a health centre or hospital is auto rickshaw or trekker. Average travel time to these health care centers varies from 10 minutes to 30 minutes, while average cost of one round trip journey is Rs. 15. In spite of distance to Govt. hospitals the people are dependent on Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 88 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar these centres rather than consulting private practitioners or nursing homes. On 1st April, 2008 Ministry of Labour and Employment, Govt. of India launched Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) to provide health insurance coverage for BPL families in order to protect them from financial liabilities arising out of health issues necessitating hospitalization. The beneficiaries are entitled to hospitalization coverage up to Rs.30,000. The coverage extends up to five members of the family and the beneficiaries need to pay Rs.30 only as registration fee. It is expected that the proposed project will improve access to the health care facilities for the poor families. 4.5.3.4 Hand Pumps There are 165 hand pumps are exist along the project road. 138 hand pumps are exist within the ROW. Chainage wise details with distance from centre line is given in Annexure 4.8 4.5.3.5 Archeological Protected Monuments There are no archeological monuments within Right Way (RoW) of proposed project alignment. Summary of Social Impact Assessment is enclosed as Annexure 4.9 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 89 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar CHAPTER-5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1 GENERAL Potential impacts due to project implementation and operation phase have been identified based on the baseline environmental features. The nature, type and magnitude of the potential impacts on land, air & water environment, socio-economic and biological environment are discussed. Impacts of any developmental activity can be broadly classified in the following three stages-  Planning and Design stage  Construction stage and  Operation stage Quantitative features that may impart negative/ positive environmental impacts are listed below- S. No Parameters 1 Land Acquisition 20.3288 ha 2 Diversion of Forest Land 127.20 ha 3 Construction Water Requirement 380KLD 4 Surface Water Bodies 8 ponds 5 Religious Structures 9 6 Educational Institutions 1 school 7 Hospitals Nil 8 Hand Pumps 138 9 Material Requirements 3 I Earth 1158703 m Ii Aggregate 6,90,000 ton Iii Sand 25000 mt 10 Debris Disposal I Road cutting Ii Structure dismantling 19 Minor Bridges 17 CPRs Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 90 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No Parameters 11 Tree cutting 9014 12 Utility Shifting I Electric Poles and transformers 1331 Ii Telephone Poles and OFC 1806 13 Protection & Enhancement of Fishery Ponds Nil 14 Soak Pit for Hand Pump Nil Fly Ash Utilization It is estimated that 3 only 2,500 M fly ash can be used. The technical feasibility shall be examined. 15 Enhancement and Landscaping I Bank Protection of Pond 700 cum 2 Ii Shrubs (Junctions & Water bodies) 5000 m 16 Silt Fencing (Nos) 240m 17 Debris reuse 3 I Earth from road cutting 4,01,733 m Ii Structural dismantling /concrete waste 18 Cross drainage structure New Culverts 188 Reconstruction 27 19 Road safety Measures I Bus Bays 10 existing,10 proposed Ii Truck lay Byes 1 Iii Signage 1167 No of Curve signs 145 School Signs 48 Speed Limit signs 300 Horn Prohibited 4 Compulsory Sound Horn - Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 91 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. No Parameters Direction/Destination 194 Place Identification 50 Iv Intersection Major 7 Minor 233 Operation stage impacts will be continuous in nature but, their intensity can be reduced by adopting mitigation measures as suggested in this chapter. These impacts and their mitigation measures are detailed in the subsequent paragraphs. 5.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 5.2.1 Topography and drainage pattern a) Impacts Overall topography of the area is not going to alter due to the minor proposed changes in embankment heights. Impacts of road construction, which lead to alteration of drainage, are generally due to construction of cross drainage structures at locations of crossing. This requires river and or gully training for the period during which the bridge and cross drainage structures are to be constructed. Alteration of drainage can lead to soil erosion of adjacent areas, disturb local vegetation. If the period of alteration is long, there are chances of local ecology being impaired. As the project road mostly in line with that of the ROW, no alteration of drainage pattern is envisaged. (b) Mitigation Measures Borrow areas be opened, operated and closed as per clause no 305.2.2 of Specifications for Road and Bridge Works, Ministry of Shipping. During operation stage maintenance of embankment will be carried out, so that there is no breach of embankment resulting in change of topography of the area due to floods. 5.2.2 Geology (a) Impacts The impact on geology may occur from extraction of minerals. About 0.69 million T of aggregates and 0.025 million T of sand will be required for construction of project road. The alignment is not passing through the area, which is rich in minerals. The materials required will be sourced from existing quarries and therefore no significant impact on the geology of the area. (b) Mitigation Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 92 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar The material will be obtained from the existing quarries in Itari in Nepal, Mirza Chowk, Sahabganj, Pakur, Bhagalpur and Lakhi Sarai sources, which have all valid permits. The list of these has been given in chapter 2. No new quarries are proposed to be opened for this project. 5.2.3 Seismicity (a) Impacts The project road is located in seismic zone IV (IS 1893:2002). Road construction in this area will not have any impact on its overall earthquake potential since no blasting is envisaged at the construction site. However the embankment and structures may be subjected to seismic effect as it lies in the area, where there are two major faults. No specific Impacts on seismicity is anticipated during operation phase too in absence of complex and high rise structures. 5.2.4 Land Acquisition (a) Impacts Pre - Construction and Construction Stage The existing alignment with few re-alignments is followed to minimize the impact due to land acquisition. Minor realignments were proposed at places, where geometric improvement is required and for construction of new bridges. As far as possible the widening is accommodated within the existing ROW and additional land acquisition is kept to absolutely minimum. The total extent of land to be acquired for NH 106 is 20.3288 Ha. 9014 trees are likely to be felled. More than 27,000 trees are proposed to be planted in the available land along the roadside in addition to avenue plantation by department of forest. Due to land acquisition and clearing of existing ROW from encroachments, 302 structures are impacted, comprising of residential, commercial and residential cum commercial structures, which may be affected due to proposed project road. Archaeological and cultural importance structures are not lying along the project road. As the proposed up gradation takes place on the existing ROW, impacts on the existing structures are minimal. Operation Stage In operation stage no impact on land use changes in ROW of project road are anticipated. However, there may be induced land use changes close to ROW near urban areas and / realignments. (b) Mitigation Measures In order to avoid induced land use changes, as far as possible, the alignment has been avoided thorough productive agriculture fields. No tree will be cut beyond the proposed Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 93 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar toe line. Efforts will be made to transplant the young trees. No rare, endangered, endemic & threatened (REET) species getting affected due to the proposed project. 5.2.5 Diversion of Forest Land (a) Impacts There are no reserve forests along the project highway. 127.20 ha protected forest land (road side plantation declared as protected forest) is required to be diverted for non-forest use. (b) Mitigation Measures About 27,000 trees are proposed to be planted in the available land along the roadside in addition to avenue plantation by department of forest. The afforestation shall be done at the rate of three times the number of trees cut. Protected forest land shall be compensated according to the Compensatory Afforestation Policy under the Forest Conservation Act. 5.2.6 Soil Erosion (a) Impacts The soil in the study area varies from sandy loam to silty clay. Therefore, the potential for erosion is low. Pre Construction The soil erosion may take place due to site preparation. It may involve demolition of building, clearing of brushwood, tree removal, temporary rerouting of utilities, diversion or re-channeling of waterways. This brings risks of erosion to the exposed ground or stored topsoil. Setting up of workers camp along the project road may lead to loss of productive soils and impact the soil productivity especially at micro level. During Construction The soil erosion may take place at the slopes of the construction sites of cross drainage structures due to rains, at borrow areas and at construction sites, which have been exposed during monsoon season. During Operation The soil erosion may take place during operation at the slopes of the bridge approach and high embankments. At other locations chances of soil erosion are not there as height of embankment will be less than 2.0 m. (b) Mitigation Measures Design Stage The slope of the project road at high embankment stretches has been fixed at 1:2 to 1:3, which is fairly stable and reduces the possibilities of slope failures. To check soil erosion Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 94 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar on critical road embankment slopes turfing with grasses and shrubs will be carried out, in accordance with the recommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control, IRC: 56-1974. At the locations of steep slopes near crossings of project road with rivers suitable protection measures such as stone pitching will be adopted. At locations where provisions for 1:2 to 1:3 slopes are not possible the retaining wall will be provided. Retaining walls are proposed at 33 locations along the project road. Chainage-wise locations of retaining wall proposed for protection of soil erosion is given in table 2.18 in Chapter 2. Construction Stage Prior to the start of the relevant construction, the contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval his schedules for carrying out temporary and permanent erosion / sedimentation control works as are applicable for the items of clearing and grubbing, roadway and drainage excavation, embankment / sub grade construction bridges and other structures across water courses, pavement courses and shoulders. The contractor shall also submit for approval his proposed method of erosion / sedimentation control on service road / inspection road and borrow areas and his plans for disposal of waste materials. Work shall not be started until the erosion / sedimentation control schedules and methods of operations for the applicable construction have been approved by the Engineer –in- charge. The surface area of erodable earth material exposed by clearing and grubbing, excavation, borrow and fill material operations shall be limited to the extent practicable. The contractor may be directed to provide immediate permanent or temporary erosion control measures to prevent soil erosion and sedimentation that will adversely affect construction operations, damage to adjacent properties or cause contamination of nearby streams or other water courses. Operation Stage The turfing and other slope protection measures like sodding turfing shall be monitored regularly and in case of any sign of cracks or non-maintenance of slope protection measures immediate action will be taken to restore it to original position. Boulder pitching over geo filter will be provided near bridge approach and high embankment zones. 5.2.7 Impact on Soil quality About 20.3288 ha of land will be acquired for the construction of the proposed realignments on the project road. During Construction The soil erosion may take place at the slopes of the construction sites of cross drainage structures due to rains, at borrow areas and at construction sites which has Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 95 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar been exposed during monsoon. There are chances of soil contamination due to construction debris and waste-oil. During Operation The soil erosion may take place during operation at the slopes of the bridge approach and high embankments. At other locations chances of soil erosion are not there as height of embankment will be less than 3.0 m. Raising of the existing road: The existing road shall be raised in the following sections: Section Length Extent of raising Sl. No. (from km to km) (km) [p of finished road level] 1 13.00 to 18.00 5.0 1 to 2 m 5.2.8 Borrow areas (a) Impacts During construction stage, there will be impact on the land environment due to excavation of earth from the borrow areas. Unplanned / Un approved barrowing of earth will lead to adverse impacts on the agricultural land. The total quantity of earthworks for project road is about 1158703 m3, (Earth work in excavation - 4, 01,733.00 + Earth work in filling 7, 56,970.00). 17 borrow areas were identified for the proposed project. It has been estimated that the volume of earth available is sufficient for the earthworks. Details of investigation of Borrow Areas and its corresponding lead are as follows (table 5.1). Table 5.1 : Details of investigation of Borrow Areas and its corresponding lead S.NO Chainage (Km) Lead 1 km 1.750 (LHS) 40 2 km 2.650 (RHS) 40 3 km 24.200 (RHS) 100 4 km 23.750 (RHS) 150 5 km 35.500 (LHS) 40 6 km 44.500 (LHS) 50 7 km 49.950 (RHS) 40 8 km 63.850 (RHS) 30 9 km 70.000 (LHS) 40 10 km 80.200 (LHS) 30 11 km 81.100 (LHS) 30 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 96 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 12 km 86.100 (RHS) 30 13 km 86.950 (LHS) 30 14 km 86.950 (RHS) 30 15 km 89.500 (RHS) 30 16 km 104.800 (RHS) 30 17 km 109.500 (LHS) 30 Cartage of the borrow materials to the construction sites is of significance, as almost all such areas are accessible through un-metalled haul roads and therefore, spillage and compaction of soil along these roads will be a significant impact. Proper protections measures need to be worked out for the minimizing of such impacts during the haulage of borrow materials. Rehabilitation of borrow areas from which earth has been excavated, is a potential problem which needs to be addressed. In addition to visual blight, safety issues shall also be considered. Opening of Borrow Areas may result in loss of productive soil. Moreover, the borrow area pits, if not treated properly after the borrowing is complete, can form stagnant pools and pose health hazards to prevent which redevelopment of borrow areas need to be worked out. Additionally, they can also act as breeding ground for vectors like mosquitoes just after monsoon. (b) Mitigation Measures For borrowing the earth for the project, barrow areas will be identified by the contractor. Following precaution measures will be taken by the contractor to restrict unauthorized borrowing or reduce the impacts on the land environment. • No borrow area shall be opened without permission of the Engineer. The borrowing shall not be carried out in cultivable lands, unless and until, it shall be agreed upon by the Engineer that there is no suitable uncultivable land in the vicinity for borrowing or there are private land owners willing to allow borrowing on their fields. It will be ensured by the contractor that, there will be no loss of productive soil and the requisite environmental considerations are met with. • Location of source of supply of material for embankment or sub-grade and the procedure for excavation or transport of material shall be in compliance with the environmental requirements of the MoEF, MoRT&H and as specified in IRC: 10-1961. • Redevelopment of the identified borrows areas worked out, as part of the project preparation will be implemented to mitigate the impacts. Construction Stage To avoid any embankment slippages, the borrow areas will not be dug continuously. In case borrow areas other than specified are selected, the size and shape of borrow areas will be decided by the Engineer. Borrowing of earth shall be carried out at Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 97 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar locations recommended as per IRC: 10-1961 The mitigation measures to be adopted for borrow areas at different land uses are given below:  Non-Cultivable lands: Borrowing of earth will be carried out up to a depth of 1.5 m from the existing ground level. Borrowing of earth shall not be done continuously. Ridges of not less than 8m width shall be left at intervals not exceeding 300 m. Small drains shall be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. Borrow areas shall have slopes not steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal (1:4 ratio)  Public or Private agricultural lands: Borrowing of earth shall not be carried out on productive lands. However, in the event of borrowing from productive lands, topsoil shall be preserved in stockpiles. A 150mm layer of the top soil shall be stripped off from the area designated for borrowing and it shall be stored in stock piles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not be steeper than 1:2. At such locations, the depth of borrow areas shall not exceed 45 cm and it may be dug out to a depth of not more than 30 cm after stripping the 15 cm top soil aside.  Borrow areas on the riverside: The borrow areas shall be located not less than 15m from the toe of the bank, distance depending on the magnitude and duration of flood to be withstood. Precautionary measures like the covering of vehicles will be taken to avoid spillage during transport of borrow materials. To ensure that the spills likely to result from the transport of borrow and quarry materials do not impact the settlements, it will be ensured that the excavation and carrying of earth will be done during day time only. The unpaved surfaces used for the haulage of borrow materials will be maintained properly.  The contractor shall prepare site-specific redevelopment plans in consultation with the land owner for each borrow area. 5.2.9 Sand/aggregate Quarries (a) Impacts The excavation of quarries and borrow pits used for obtaining rocks, soil and aggregate materials for road construction can cause direct and indirect long-term adverse impacts on the environment. Although the cut operations shall generate ample rock and soil material, it is likely that material from quarry and borrow areas could be needed depending on the appropriateness of the material quality. The impacts of quarrying operations could be significant at various stages of road construction. Quarrying and crushing could have a critical impact especially on the air quality of the area especially the area downwind to the quarry. The stage wise impacts are as described below. Pre Construction Stage Existing quarries that are identified in Itari in Nepal, Mirza Chowk, Sahabganj, Pakur, Bhagalpur and Lakhi Sarai. Sources are about 50 to 350 km away from the project site. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 98 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar No new quarries have been proposed. The bulk of the materials needed for the construction of the embankments will be procured from the existing quarries. As these quarries are already in operation with the requisite environmental clearances and redevelopment plans, no major impacts, which arise in making new quarries operational, are likely. Necessary environmental mitigative measures recommended by the Bihar State Pollution Control Board are being followed at these quarries. Construction Stage A major source of dust during the construction stage is from stone crushing operations from the crusher and the vibrating screen. The dust, in addition to being an eyesore, reduces visibility thereby increasing safety concerns. Dust is generated due to procurement and transport of raw materials from quarries and borrows sites to the road construction area. These impacts will persist till the activity ceases. The regions especially downwind to the quarries/borrow areas are more vulnerable to air pollution. As no new quarry needs to be opened for this project, therefore, no additional impacts are likely to arise due to quarrying operations. (b) Mitigation Measures Design Stage Existing approved aggregate and sand quarries will be used for meeting the sand/ aggregate requirement of sand/ aggregate and no new quarry will be opened up without prior permission. Thus there will not be any impact on the land environment due to quarry operation. Sand Quarries in this area and its corresponding lead from project corridor as follows,  Bhagalpur Source, Lead 200 km for Madhepura (km 73.000 of Project Corridor).  Lakhi Sarai Source, Lead 180 km for Madhepura (km 73.000 of Project Corridor). GSB quarries in this area and its corresponding leads from project corridor are as follows.  ITARI Source in Nepal, 140 km from ch: 0.000 of Project Corridor.  Mirza Chowk, 225 km from Madhepura (km 73.000 of Project Corridor).  Sahabganj, 225 km from Madhepura (km 73.000 of Project Corridor). There are sufficient amount of stones available at the quarries, the locations of which are given below:-  ITARI Source in Nepal, Lead 140 km from ch: 0.000 of Project Corridor.  Sahabganj, Lead 245 km from Madhepura (km 73.000 of Project Corridor).  Pakur, Lead 320 km from Madhepura (km 73.000 of Project Corridor). Bricks:  At km 112.000 (LHS) Lead 50 m Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 99 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar  At km 34.250 (LHS) Lead 250 m Construction Stage It will be ensured that quarries from where material is taken have all valid permits and licenses. The Haul road network is properly maintained. Operation Stage No mitigation measures from project end are warranted. 5.2.10 Compaction of soil (a) Impacts Pre-Construction Stage Compaction of soil will occur in the pre-construction phase due to movement of the construction equipment and machinery and during the setting up of construction camps. Construction Stage Compaction occurs beyond the carriageway and within the vegetated area of the RoW by the movement of vehicles and heavy machinery. Movement of vehicles during road construction is the major cause of soil compaction. It is necessary to ensure that there is no adverse impact of soil compaction in areas other than the RoW, where vegetation can grow and rain infiltration will take place. Operation Stage During the operation period compaction will be restricted to the carriageway of project road and service roads. Compaction cannot be said to be an impact of the operation stage as the pavement itself is a function of compacted base and sub base. (b) Mitigation Measures Pre-Construction Stage During pre- construction stage plant, machinery and equipment will be unloaded at camp site only. All construction vehicles will move and parked at the designated location only. The movement of construction machinery and plants preferably be limited to Right of way. All haul roads shall be constructed and maintained in good condition. Construction Stage During construction phase all construction vehicles will ply within the RoW and identified routes. In no case these shall ply through open land or agriculture fields. The speed of the vehicles will be limited to maximum of 40 kmph. Operation Stage No mitigation measures are warranted. 5.2.11 Contamination of Soil Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 100 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar (a) Impacts Pre-Construction Stage Pre- construction stage may involve site clearance activities in the form of demolition of existing structures and removal of existing vegetation. Contamination of soil may occur due to debris of 302 dismantled structures, which shall be affected during construction of the road, however the impact would be considered as a short-term residual negative impact. Construction Stage Contamination of soil during construction stage is primarily due to construction and allied activities. The sites where construction vehicles are parked and serviced are likely to be contaminated because of leakage or spillage of fuel and lubricants. Pollution of soil can also occur at hot-mix plants from leakage or spillage of asphalt or bitumen. Refuse and solid waste from labor camps can also contaminate the soil. Contamination of soil during construction might be a major long-term residual negative impact. Unwarranted disposal of construction spoil and debris will add to soil contamination. This contamination is likely to be carried over to water bodies in case of dumping being done near water body locations. Operation Stage During the operation stage, soil pollution due to accidental vehicle spills or leaks is a low probability but potentially disastrous to the receiving bodies, should they occur. These impacts can be long term and irreversible depending upon the extent of spill. The contamination due to deposition of heavy metals such as lead along the road in agriculture field is a cause for concern. However, monitoring of soil quality will be done during construction and operation phases to monitor the contamination, if any. (b) Mitigation Measures (i) Contamination of Soil from Fuel and Lubricants Construction Stage At the various construction sites, the vehicles and equipment will be maintained and refueled in such a fashion that lubricating oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil. It will be ensured that the fuel storage and refueling sites are kept at least 500 m away from drainage channels and important water bodies. At the wash down and refueling areas, “Oil Water Separators” shall be provided. In all fuel storage and refueling areas located on agricultural lands or productive lands, the topsoil preservation shall be carried out. All spills and petroleum products shall be disposed off in accordance to the BSPCB Guidelines. Operation Stage Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 101 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Probability of contamination of soil being only from the road runoff, which is directed into nearest water bodies through well-designed drains, no impact on the soil during operation stage except in case of accidents, is anticipated. Accidental spillage will be handled as per established emergency procedure. This emergency procedure will be developed by the contractor in consultation with supervision engineer /MoRT&H / PIU once project road is completely opened for vehicular traffic. (ii) Contamination of Soil from Construction Wastes and Quarry Materials Construction Stage It required that earths works will be are carried out strictly in accordance to the design drawings. Unsuitable earth, if required, will be dumped in approved areas. The spoils will be used to reclaim borrow areas (located in barren lands) and quarries, low-lying areas in barren lands and in settlements along the project corridors. All spoils will be disposed off and the sites will be fully cleaned before handing over. The construction wastes will be dumped in selected barrow areas, developed on infertile land. Non- bituminous wastes from construction activities will be dumped in borrow areas and covered with a layer of the conserved topsoil. Bituminous wastes will be disposed off in approved dumping site. Operation Stage In operation stage no mitigation measures are warranted as no impacts have been identified. 5.2.12 Impacts due to loss of Productive Soil Design stage Only 20.3288 ha land is required for widening of the project road. Loss of fertile soil may occur during construction stage, if construction plant, offices, workers camps, stockyards, borrows areas, etc, are located on fertile areas, and if, haul roads and traffic detours during construction are routed through agricultural lands. Top soil will be scrapped and stacked separately. It shall be used for plantation growth on slopes of embankment. Construction stage Loss of productive soil of Right of way will take place at stretches of project road falling in five proposed re-alignments. Operation Stage No Impact is anticipated in operation phase. (b) Mitigation Measures Design Stage Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 102 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Only 20.3288 Ha land is required for widening of the project road. Loss of fertile soil may occur during construction stage, if construction plant, offices, workers camps, stock yards, borrow areas, etc, are located on fertile areas, and if, haul roads and traffic detours during construction are routed through agricultural lands. Top soil will be scrapped and stacked separately. It shall be used for plantation growth on slopes of embankment. Traffic detours, temporary diversions required during construction will be finalized so as to avoid or minimize temporary acquisition of productive agricultural lands. Pre Construction Stage The camps will be sited on un-productive land only unless unavoidable. Topsoil in case of productive land will be stripped off to a depth of 150 mm and stored as per IRC guidelines. After completion of work these areas shall be restored. Construction Stage At locations of alignment in agriculture areas, at construction camps, borrow areas in productive lands and all areas to be permanently covered, the top soil will be stripped to specified depth of 150 mm and stored in stockpiles of height not exceeding 2 m. The stockpiling will be done in slopes of 2:1, to reduce surface runoff and enhance percolation through the mass of stored soil. The locations of top soil storage will be identified by the Engineer. The stored topsoil will be spread back to maintain the physicochemical and biological activity of the soil. The stored topsoil will be utilized for: • Covering all disturbed areas including for the redevelopment of borrow areas; • Top dressing of the embankments and fill slopes; • Filling up of tree pits, proposed as part of compensatory afforestation; and • Filling up of the median for shrub plantation To prevent any compaction of soil in the adjoining productive lands, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment will be restricted to ROW / construction camps and identified haul road, which will be maintained properly by the contractor. 5.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT Air quality along the project corridor will be adversely impacted both during the construction and operation stages. Construction stage impacts will be of short term and have adverse impacts on the construction workers as well as the settlements adjacent to the road, especially those in the downwind direction. Construction stage impacts will be confined generally to a band of width ranging from 50 to 100m from the edge of the Right of Way. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 103 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar However, they will continue for the construction duration life of the project (2 years in the case of current project). The following sections present the impacts of the project activities on this component. 5.3.1 Generation of Dust- Fugitive dust (a) Impacts By definition, fugitive dust means solid airborne particulate matter emitted from any source other than a stack or chimney. Allowing fugitive dust to cross the property line and interfere with the use of adjacent properties constitutes a violation. Fugitive dust is made up of fine particles. When inhaled, fine particles can accumulate in the respiratory system causing various respiratory problems including persistent coughs, wheezing and physical discomfort. Additionally, breathing these fine particles can increase susceptibility to respiratory infections and can aggravate existing respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic bronchitis. Even short term exposure to dust can increase the severity of respiratory problems. (b) Mitigation Measures When fugitive dust is a problem these control measures should to be follow -  Spraying water or chemicals to control dust during demolition structures, construction operations, grading operations or the clearing of land for commercial, industrial, or residential development.  Applying water, chemicals or some other covering on material stockpiles and other surfaces that can create air-borne dust.  Using hoods, fans, dust collectors or water sprays to suppress dust during material handling.  Employing containment methods during sand blasting or other similar operations.  Covering or wetting open - bodied trucks, trailers, or railroad cars when transporting dusty materials.  Cleaning dusty material from paved street and parking surfaces.  Planting and maintaining ground cover. 5.3.2 Generation of Exhaust Emissions Construction Stages Generation of exhaust gases is likely during the pre-construction stage due to movement of heavy machinery for clearance of the ROW for construction. This impact is envisaged to be insignificant during the pre-construction stage. High levels of PM, SO2, HC, CO and NO2 are likely from hot mix plant operations. Toxic gases are released through the heating process during bitumen production. Although the impact is much localized, it can spread downwind depending on the wind speeds. The Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 104 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar environmental management plan needs to ensure that adequate measures are taken especially for health and safety of workers such as providing them with pollution masks during working hours. Also, the contractor should ensure that hot mix plants, stockyards, crushers etc. are away from residential areas and residential quarters of all workers. If adequate measures are taken, impacts from generated gases can be considered negligible. Operation Stage The major impact on air quality will be due to plying of vehicles. Increase in air pollution is also identified by the public as one of the most undesirable impacts of any road development project. The impacts on air quality will, at any given time depend upon traffic volume/rate of vehicular emission within a given stretch and prevailing meteorological conditions. Excess discharge of exhaust gases can occur due to (i) inadequate vehicle maintenance; (ii) use of adulterated fuel in vehicles and/or (iii) poor road conditions. To predict air quality in the vicinity of project road alignment during operation phase air pollution modeling has been carried out to quantify the impacts incorporating all these variables. 5.3.2.1 Predictions of Air Impacts (Air Quality Modeling) Air quality modeling for CO has been done using CALINE-4 line source model developed by California Transport Department considering 2010 as base year and 2035 as the future year of prediction. The model uses the conditions prevalent to the Project such as site conditions, metrological conditions, and traffic data as predicted for the project as well as the emission factors as prevalent in India. CALINE-4 is the fourth generation simple line source Gaussian plume dispersion model (Benson, 1984). It employs a mixing zone concept to characterize pollutant dispersion over the roadway. The model has been run for “worst one hour condition” with roughness coefficient of suburban area (100cm) with mixing zone width of 11 m for 2010 and 13 m for 2015 (opening year) & 2035 (projected year). 5.3.2.2 Meteorological Conditions Worst case ambient temperature of 10C, mean annual wind speed of 2.0 m/s with direction deviation of 10 degrees have been considered along with C - stability class 40 m as mixing height, with slight day time insolation and thin overcast conditions. 5.3.2.3 Traffic & Location 24 hourly mode wise traffic counts have been considered to compute emission factor for the mentioned years for two representative locations in Homogenous section (HS) I & IV. Peak hour traffic count (Table 5.2) has been considered for running “worst one hour condition”. First location is a mixed area near Raghopur. Second and third location is a commercial area and residential area in Madhepura district. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 105 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 5.2: Average Daily Peak Hour Traffic Count Count Station Sl No. Location Name ADT PCU/day Location (km) 1 km 27 Raghopur, Supaul District 9183 12,752 2 km 65 Rupali, Madhepura District 7658 7864 3 km 106 Uda Kishanganj, Madhepura District 3239 3173 5.3.2.4 Links & Receptors For the purpose of the model two locations have been considered and based on the representative locations Group- links have been taken (each link is supposed to be less than 10 km) with grid receptors with X & Y spacing of 7 and 8 m respectively. The division of sections into links has been done in such way, so that the link can be fairly considered as straight stretch of road having homogenous geometry with uniform width, height, and traffic volume and vehicle emission factors. The coordinates of end points of links specify the location of the links in the model. The model uses Gaussian dispersion parameters (σy and σz) that are fairly accurate up to 100 m distance. 5.3.2.5 Emission Factor One of the important requirements for CALINE-4 modeling is the input for emission factor for vehicles. In the present study, the emission factors specified by the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), 2007 have been used for calculation of weighted emission factors. These emission factors have been expressed for various pollutants and vehicle types in terms of vintage year (i.e., year of manufacture), type of fuel used (petrol or diesel) & deterioration factor specified by CPCB. The improvement in engine technology, resulting in reduced emission factors are reflected in these emission factors. Since, there is only one input requirement for total no. of vehicles in the CALINE 4 model, whereas, there are different categories of vehicles (viz., Cars, Bus and trucks) with different year of manufacture and fuel used, it is essential that a single value representing an equivalent or weighted emission factor (WEF) for all the vehicles is provided into the model. Thus, WEF expressed in g/mile (converted from gm/km) has been calculated for the present study. The formula used for composite emission factor is given below: Composite Emission Factor = Σfixi/Σfi Where, fi= No. of vehicles & xi= CO emission factor Emission factor computed and considered for this study is given in Table below in gm/mile. Table 5.3: Composite Emission Factor Section 1 Year 2010 2015 2030 Traffic 166 310 970 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 106 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Composite Emission 5.06 4.80 5.08 Factor Section 2 Year 2010 2015 2030 Traffic 116 280 820 Composite Emission 4.80 4.51 5.02 Factor Source: Air Quality Monitoring Project Indian Clean Air Program (ICAP) Draft Report on ‘Emission Factor Development for Indian Vehicles’ CPCB ARAI, Pune 2007 Figure 5.1 : Projected Dispersion of CO in Year 2030 It was observed that the predicted concentrations of CO are well within the stipulated limits of CPCB till the end of project life. Table 5.4: Variation of Concentration of CO on either side of Centre line 2035 LHS CL RHS Distance (m) 200 100 50 0.0 50 100 200 Km 10+000 0.54 0.58 1.15 1.74 1.18 0.6 0.55 Km40+000 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Km70+000 0.60 0.90 1.25 1.76 1.3 1.0 0.50 Km70+000 0.85 0.85 0.85 1.10 1.0 0.85 0.85 (b) Mitigation Measures The project will relieve the congestion and inconvenience at level crossings areas at km 26.2, 45.61, 45.74, 65.9, 73, 76.2 & km 105.7. This relieve in congestion will also improve air quality in these urban towns. Based on the baseline ambient air quality at the various locations along the project road, prediction of the pollutant concentrations for the projected traffic due to the project was carried out using CALINE-4. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 107 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Figure 5.2: Output file for CO The results indicate that the ambient air quality will not exceed the standards now applicable even at the end of project life. The compensatory plantation planned will further attenuate the gaseous and particulate matter in the environment. Construction Stage The asphalt plants, crushers and the batching plants will be sited at least 1 km in the downwind direction from the nearest human settlement. All precautions to reduce the level of dust emissions from the hot mix plants, crushers and batching plants and other transportation of materials will be taken up which includes vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and fine aggregates shall be covered to reduce spills on existing roads. Water will be sprayed on earthworks, temporary haulage and detour roads on a regular basis. During and after compaction of the sub-grade, water will be sprayed at regular intervals to prevent dust generation. The hot mix plant will be fitted with dust extraction units. It shall be ensured that the dust emissions from the crusher and vibrating screen at the stone quarries do not exceed the emission standards set by Central Pollution Control Board. To ensure the control of exhaust gas emissions from the various construction activities, the contractor shall take up the following mitigation measures: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 108 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar  An adequate cyclone/scrubber to control emissions from the stack of hot mix plants will be provided in the event of the emissions exceeding the BSPCB norms. Other potential measures include plantation around periphery of the hot-mix plants.  To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, air quality monitoring shall be carried out at least once a season during the period the plant is in operation.  All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform to the BSPCB norms. A vehicle maintenance schedule prepared by the contractor and approved by the Engineer shall be adhered to. Contractor will take necessary consent from state pollution control board for location of hot mix plants. 5.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 5.4.1 Water Resources (a) Impacts The Project road lie in the Kosi river basin which is a flood affected region. All streams take water from Kosi River, which emerges from Nepal and merges with Ganga later at Kursela. On the existing road cross drainage is maintained through 22 minor bridges, and two causeways. There are 3 major bridges along the project road. Two major bridges at km 74.232 and 92.505 are in good condition with well foundations. The list of affected ponds along the project stretch is given below: S. No. Locations Distance from C/L Length Side From To Max Min 1 20+945 21+005 14.58 5.31 60 LHS 2 29+047 29+068 10.81 9.43 20 RHS 3 46+000 46+060 17.70 8.14 60 LHS 4 46+291 46+342 9.00 4.40 51 RHS 5 67+586 67+636 11.05 9.47 50 LHS 6 88+865 88+885 14.02 8.79 20 RHS 7 92+614 92+646 15.00 10.85 32 LHS 8 97+736 97+787 12.89 10.35 51 RHS Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 109 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar (b) Mitigation Measures Design Stage The impacts on ponds and other surface water bodies have been avoided by suitable design modifications. All village ponds have been avoided to fall in ROW of bypasses and realignment by realigning the alignment. Construction stage The tube wells/ hand pumps coming in the proposed right of way will be replaced. Required number of cross drainage structures has been planned for maintaining the natural drainage. Labour camps shall be sited at least 1000 m away from the water body. Retaining wall for protection of embankment and to check soil erosion in a length of 60 m will be provided at the chainage 20.940 to 21.000. A 30 m retaining wall shall be provided at the following chainages to prevent soil erosion • At chainage 23.532 to 23.560 • At chainage 29.030 to 29.050 • At chainage 44.900 to 44.960 • At chainage 45.980 to 45.060 • At chainage 67.580 to 67.630 At chainage 80.070 to 80.140, in addition to the retaining wall for protection of embankment and for siltation. • Change 80.060 to 80.130 • Change 88.640 to 88.680 • Change 92.610 to 92.640 • Change 97.720 to 97.780 • Change 97.940 to 98.000 For soil erosion protection at high embankment area, Natural Geo-textile will be laid and maintaining till the vegetation sustains on its own as per Technical specification Clause : 707. 5.4.2 Drainage (a) Impacts Impacts of road construction, which lead to alteration of drainage, are generally due to construction of cross drainage at locations of crossing. This requires river and or gully training for the period during which the bridge and cross drainage structures are to be constructed. Alteration of drainage can lead to soil erosion of adjacent areas, disturb local vegetation. If the period of alteration is long, there are chances of local ecology being impaired. However, as mostly cross drainage works are done in summers when the water levels are low in the rivers and streams, the impacts due to alteration of Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 110 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar drainage can be minimized effectively with adequate mitigation measures and pre planned construction schedules. Pre Construction Stage No drainage modification of surface flow of rivers/streams is envisaged during pre- construction period hence no impacts are anticipated. Construction Stage Out of 5 major bridges 2 existing major bridges are proposed to be retained. One new major bridge is proposed at design chainage 2.312 km and two minor bridges are replaced with major bridges. There are 22 minor bridges, out of which 4 are retained, 15 will be reconstructed and 2 are replaced with Major bridges . One minor bridge is proposed at realignment, 2 cause ways will be converted to minor bridges and 4 are additionally proposed. Major bridges: Chianage Status Existing Chainage Proposed Chainage 2.295 2.312 NC 74.232 73.100 R 92.505 91.505 R 63.516 62.950 MB 2.464 2.480 MB NC: New construction; R: Retained; MB: Existing Minor Br replaced as Major Bridge. Minor bridges: Location Design S. No. Crossing Description (km) Chainage 1 1.311 1.310 Stream Reconstruction 2 1.365 1.365 Stream Reconstruction Newly proposed future 3 2.605 2.625 bypass channel from hydro New Construction power station 4 10.635 10.655 Irrigation Canal Reconstruction 5 13.446 13.398 Stream Reconstruction 6 24.145 24.158 Stream Reconstruction 7 33.845 33.892 Stream Reconstruction 8 40.917 40.887 Stream Reconstruction 9 44.455 44.362 River Retained 10 49.675 49.505 Stream Reconstruction 11 50.460 50.035 Irrigation Canal Retained 12 52.395 51.785 Stream Retained 13 66.755 65.715 Stream Reconstruction Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 111 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Location Design S. No. Crossing Description (km) Chainage 14 75.075 73.935 Stream Reconstruction Existing Retained with New Box type 15 75.715 74.580 Stream Structure to accommodate 2 lane configurations 16 80.072 78.965 Stream Reconstruction 17 84.885 83.850 Stream Reconstruction 18 88.997 87.997 Stream Reconstruction Realigned & New Minor Bridge 19 89.482 88.495 Stream proposed on down-stream side (RHS) Breached Portion of Road 20 89.635 88.645 New Construction during past floods 21 91.195 90.210 Irrigation Canal Reconstruction 22 96.925 96.052 Irrigation Canal Reconstruction Breached Portion of Road 23 97.655 96.780 New Construction during past floods 24 98.815 97.765 Stream Reconstruction Breached Portion of Road 25 99.552 98.490 New Construction during past floods 26 104.130 102.925 Stream Reconstruction Though construction along the watercourses is to be carried out in the lean flow periods, the construction activities will necessitate minor diversion of the waterways. This diversion of flow may significantly harm the aquatic habitat, present. The waterway of canal will be constricted, increasing velocity downstream of the bridge. This will mean increased sediment load with the flow, thereby allowing less sunlight to penetrate into the water and can reduce growth of micro flora. The impact shall be direct but short term in nature and shall last as long as construction continues. The natural course will be restored soon after finishing the construction activities. Operation Stage One of the unavoidable aftermaths of road construction is the increased surface run off. The addition of hard paved shoulders, which essentially increase paved impervious surface, will cause increased surface runoff in the project influence area. Increase in surface run-off is due to the creation of impervious surfaces that prevent the flow of water into the ground. The increased runoff from the project has been worked out as follows: Increase in runoff (cu.m) = increase in runoff co-efficient due to construction * annual rainfall in the area (m) * area of the newly constructed surface. The entire corridor traverses over with clayey soil, lightly cultivated or covered with runoff coefficient of 0.60. (b) Mitigation Measures Design Stage Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 112 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar To ensure efficient cross-drainage and to prevent water logging along the sides, adequate size and number of cross-drainage structures have been provided. All cross- drainage structures have been designed to handle a 50-year peak flood level. Construction Stage The contractor will remove obstructions that may cause any temporary flooding of local drainage channels during construction. No spoil or construction materials will be stored outside the proposed ROW or at places obstructing the natural drainage system. During field investigation, the outfalls of proposed drain were also located by the team comprising of environmental expert, social expert and drainage engineer in consultation with the local people. Generally, it is preferred to dispose the proposed drain into a natural stream or nallah flowing through the culvert or bridges. An effective surface and subsurface drainage system of pavement structures shall be designed as stipulated in IRC: 42 as per site conditions. • An effective drainage system shall also be designed for the drainage of service roads, toll plazas. Wayside Amenities Services Area, Truck Lay- bye areas, and other project road features. • Storm water shall be directed away from the bridge deck by providing kerb & gutter and of the approaches a chute up to the bottom of the embankment and through a system of roadside channel. The drainage & protective work shall be designed to avoid embankment erosion. • Water courses - these shall have adequate capacity for the design run-off and be located and shaped to avoid creating traffic hazard and erosion of soil. • Drainage channels and pipe shall be installed at crossings with service pipes and utilities ensuring that conflicts do not occur. • Drainage of project road on embankment and steep grade will require designed outlet by means of kerb and gutter and concrete chutes / spillways along the side slope of the embankment in order to prevents its erosion. In sections along watercourses, and locations close to cross-drainage channels, the contractor will ensure that earth; stone or any other construction material shall be disposed off immediately at the designated landfill site so as to avoid blocking the flow of water along those channels. Silt fencing shall be provided at construction sites in proximity of water bodies. All necessary precautions will be taken to construct temporary or permanent devices to prevent inundation. Temporary drains for collection and disposal of runoff into natural drainage system will be constructed. The contractors will take all the necessary measures to prevent temporary or permanent flooding of the work site or any adjacent area. Mitigation Measures for Bridge Construction Sites Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 113 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar There will be construction/replacement of 6 minor bridges (New construction) and 1 major bridge(New construction), and cross drainage structures 188 culverts (newly proposed). The mitigation measures to be adopted during construction are as follows:  Construction will be carried out during lean flow period as far as possible;  All slopes will be stone or brick pitched as per design recommendations;  Silt fencing will be provided at base of embankment of entire water body;  Siltation of soil into water bodies will be prevented;  All solid waste/ construction material will be properly disposed off from bridge sites;  Contractor will ensure that these are not disposed off in water body;  No oil or lubricant will be discharged from construction yard or machinery into water body; and  The Construction materials will be stored at a minimum distance of 500m from the water body. Operation Stage To maintain an efficient storm water flow, all drains will be regularly cleaned as part of regular maintenance. 5.4.3 Loss of Water bodies / Groundwater sources (a) Impacts The alignment is for Birpur-Udakishanganj section of NH-106. The Project road lies in the Kosi river basin which is a flood affected region. 138 hand pumps are located within the ROW of the proposed alignment of the project. The loss of these supplies of relatively pristine water would be a direct negative impact. However, the project envisages replacement of each source of water supply before removing a single one. It is also envisaged that the affected population will provide its inputs on where to locate the new source. Therefore, the eventual impact of the proposed project may only be marginal. (b) Mitigation Measures Design Stage Conservation / Avoidance of water supply sources such as hand pumps have been worked out in the design of the alignment. However, at several locations, the impacting of these community resources has been unavoidable. Any source of community water (potable or otherwise), such as wells, hand pumps, and bore wells accidentally lost will be replaced immediately. Pre- Construction Stage Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 114 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar The relocation of these water supply sources, both private and community sources, shall be completed prior to the commencement of the construction by the contractor, in accordance to the utility and community assets relocation plan prepared for the project. To prevent any stress on the local water sources due to the relocation, the process of dismantling shall commence only after the provision of the water supply source at the relocation site is agreed upon by the community. During construction stage ground water withdrawal will be taken up after the permission from Central Ground Water Board. Operation Stage RWH system is not proposed, as the proposed project lies in the flood plain area and the ground water table varies from 3-5 m BGL. 5.4.4 Surface Water Quality (a) Impacts Pre-construction and Construction Stage The degradation of water quality can occur during construction stage from increased sediment load into watercourses near the construction site. This may be aggravated by removal of trees and consequent increase in soil erosion. As soil in the study area is alluvial type with a significant silt composition, the impacts due to the increased sediment load will be significant and need to be addressed for all water bodies being crossed by project road. Numerous irrigation canals that criss-cross the project road are unlikely to be subjected to such run-off discharges because they have properly raised berms on their banks. Increased load of fine sediment will make the water more turbid. If the concentrations are exceptionally high (>185 mg/l), smaller fish can be harmed. Heavier sediment may smother the algae growing in the lower strata and would completely alter the substratum of the watercourse. Excessive sediment loads may also mean disruption to areas where fish lay their eggs. Degradation of water quality is also possible due to accidental discharges into watercourses from drainage of workers camps and from spillage in vehicle parking and/or fuel and lubricant storage areas. Since the soil is alluvial and contains a large proportion of silt, percolation to underlying aquifer will be very fast. Therefore, any pollutant discharge may quickly percolate into the depths of the earth. Operation Phase During the operation phase, there is little chance of degradation of water quality during normal operations. The implications of accidental discharge are potentially disastrous. But, it must be emphasized that the probability of such an accident is quite low, indeed one of the objectives of the design is the enhancement of road safety. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 115 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar (b) Mitigation Measures Construction Stage To prevent contamination of surface water bodies and drainage channels in the vicinity of the construction site, construction work close to the streams or other water bodies will be avoided, especially during monsoon period. All necessary precautions will be taken to construct temporary or permanent devices to prevent water pollution due to increased siltation and turbidity. All wastes arising from the project will be disposed off, as per Bihar State Pollution Control Board norms, so as not to block the flow of water in the channels. The wastes will be collected, stored and taken to the approved disposal sites. The vehicles and equipment will be properly maintained and refueled, so as to avoid contamination of the water bodies and drainage channels from fuel and lubricants. The slopes of embankment leading to water bodies will be modified and re- channelized so that contaminants do not enter the water body. Oil and grease traps will be provided at fuelling locations, to prevent contamination of water. Drains for construction camps will be properly designed and built so that no water pollution takes place to any water body or watercourse. Operation Stage Proper maintenance of the protection measures near the water sources would be ensured by the project proponents. 5.4.5 Flood Hazards (a) Impacts The Birpur-Udakishanganj of NH-106 is passing through some flood prone area. Flooding occurrence on some of the sections due to canal and rain water over topping is a frequent phenomenon but in major portion of project road flooding is minimal. The extent of impact due to flooding varies from some localized damage to the divesting damage to properties and mankind. Adequately sized drains to accommodate the increased discharge are a part of good engineering practice. The linear waterway of bridges has been finalized after collection of hydrological data. This linear water way is adequate and will not cause any flooding. (b) Mitigation Measures Design Stage The pavement condition varies from fair to very poor. Major flexible pavement distresses include cracking, raveling, pot holing, patching, ruts and pavement edge drop. Project road pavement has been designed well above the HFL as per Guidelines of IRC to avoid flood over-topping. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 116 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Construction Stage During construction, embankment will be protected through regular maintenance. Any damage due to rains will be repaired immediately. There will be proper drainage system at toe embankment so that excess water is immediately conveyed to nearest water body. Operation Stage In operation phase the turfing and protection measures will stabilize the embankment in first 2-3 years. In the initial two years proper maintenance will be carried out for any damage. 5.4.6 Surface Water Hydrology (a) Impacts Pre - Construction and Construction Stage During pre construction and construction stage there will be construction of embankment. This construction of embankment may change surface water hydrology if embankment is in the flood zone or near the waterway. The water way will be constricted resulting in the increased velocity of stream. In present case, Kosi River, Bypass channel of Eastern Kosi, are being crossed by project road in addition to various other irrigational canals and streams. Hydrological impacts will be felt at bridge construction sites also if proper water way width is not maintained. Operation Stage No impact has been identified in operation stage. (b) Mitigation measures At locations of major bridges in the project adequate water way width will be maintained. 5.4.7 Ground Water Hydrology (a) Impacts Pre Construction and Construction Stage The impacts on ground water hydrology due to road construction will be in ROW on account of compaction and rising of embankment. The embankment may act as a barrier for ground water movement from either side of project road. These impacts will be felt immediately after construction and these will be irreversible in nature. (b) Mitigation measures The project plans adequate cross drainage structures. There are 64 existing culverts, out of which one is retained, 36 are proposed for widening and remaining 27 are to be reconstructed. Localized ground water hydrological impacts will be minimized due to these mitigation measures. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 117 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 5.4.8 Quality (a) Impacts Though the level of discomfort caused by noise is subjective, there is a definite increase in discomfort with an increase in noise levels. Road noise depends on factors such as traffic intensity, the type and condition of the vehicles plying on the road, acceleration/deceleration/gear changes by the vehicles depending on the level of congestion and smoothness of road surface (IRC: 104-1988). The baseline noise levels monitored at various locations along the Project Road alignment indicate the baseline levels are well will within in the stipulated limits of CPCB for the respective land uses of monitoring locations. The noise is concern as during construction and operation phases there will be generation of significant noise. The impacts on noise due to the project will be of significance in both the construction as well as the operation stages. Pre-Construction stage Noise levels during the pre construction stage are mostly expected to be indicative of prevalent baseline levels apart from localized noise levels at locations where pre construction stage activities are taking place such as establishment of workers camps, stockyards. These increased noise levels will prevail only for a short duration during the pre construction stage. Moreover, as these activities are not likely to be placed near settlement the increased noise impact is bound to be negligible. Construction Stage During construction, the major sources for noise pollution will be movement of vehicles transporting the construction material to the construction yard and the noise generating activities at the yard itself. Crushing plants, asphalt production plants, movement of heavy vehicles, loading, transportation and unloading of construction materials produce significant noise during construction stage. The construction equipment with high noise levels, the noise generated during excavation, loading and transportation of material near the borrow areas will affect the construction personnel and other humans in the area. The typical noise levels associated with the various construction activities and the various construction equipments are presented in the following Table. 5.5. Table 5.5: Typical Noise Levels of Principal Construction Equipment CLEARING STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION Bulldozer 80 Crane 75-77 Front end loader 72-84 Welding generator 71-82 Jack hammer 81-98 Concrete mixer 74-88 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 118 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Crane with ball 75-87 Concrete pump 81-84 Concrete vibrator 76 EXCAVATION & EARTH MOVING Air compressor 74-87 Bulldozer 80 Pneumatic tools 81-98 Backhoe 72-93 Bulldozer 80 Front end loader 72-84 Cement and dump trucks 83-94 Dump truck 83-94 Front end loader 72-84 Jack hammer 81-98 Dump truck 83-94 Scraper 80-93 Paver 86-88 GRADING AND COMPACTING LANDSCAPING AND CLEAN-UP Grader 80-93 Bulldozer 80 Roller 73-75 Backhoe 72-93 Truck 83-94 PAVING Front end loader 72-84 Paver 86-88 Dump truck 83-94 Truck 83-94 Paver 86-88 Tamper 74-77 Dump truck 83-94 Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations. Building Equipment and Home Appliances. NJID. 300.1. December 31. 1971 Though the noise levels presented for the various construction activities e xceeds the permissible limits, it is important to note that the construction noise is generally intermittent and depends on the type of operation, location and function of the equipment. Proper mitigation measures as to regulate the timings of construction, employing noise protection measures etc. need to be worked out. Operation Stage Predicted Noise Levels For the prediction of noise levels, FHWA Noise Model has been used. It is assumed that all the traffic is in well-defined lanes and flow of traffic in both the directions is the same. Different categories of receptors were selected such as residential areas, commercial areas and sensitive locations (Schools, Hospitals etc.) to represent the prevailing land use along the project corridor. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 119 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar FHWA Noise Model The procedure for prediction of noise levels involves the following steps: 1) Identification of sensitive receptors 2) Determination of land uses and activities which may be affected by the noise generated 3) Assemble input parameters 4) Application of the model a) Sensitive receptors: The locations along the corridor that are sensitive to the anticipated noise impacts are identified as sensitive receptors. These consist of schools, colleges, etc. b) Land uses: Land use along the corridor is obtained from the topographic drawings, strip maps and consequent site visits. This information provides the range of shielding and absorption factors to be applied at the various receptor locations. c) Input Parameters: Traffic volume & Speed: Traffic volume for the projected period is obtained from the traffic projections. The total number of vehicles passing per hour by type - light, medium and heavy along with their average speed is used for projections. Mean Energy level: All the vehicles produce noise, which is taken as the base, and the cumulative noise at the receptor distance due to the whole traffic is estimated. The mean energy level varies depending on the type of vehicle. A mean energy level for the light, medium vehicles is 70 dB and for heavy vehicles it is 80 dB. Shielding & Absorption factors: This depends on the land use prevailing along the corridor. The preceding equation is used thrice, for light, medium and heavy vehicles respectively to obtain three values of Leq. The total Leq can be calculated by logarithmic addition of the three Leq values as follows: Leq(Total) = 10 Leq ( 10 Leq(L)/10 + 10 Leq(M)/10 + 10 Leq(H)/10 ) The total equivalent noise levels at the receptor, at a distance ‘d’ m from the center of the traffic lane is given by the above equation. 5.4.8.1 Reference Noise Levels The vehicular noise emission levels significantly vary with vehicle speed. It is therefore necessary that speed dependency of noise emissions for various categories of vehicles is taken into account while using the model for noise prediction due to the roadway. In this work the speed-noise relations presented by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) in their report on Environmental and Social Assessment Delhi - NOIDA Bridge Project have been adopted (Table 5.6). Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 120 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 5.6: Speed-Noise Relationships for Various Motor Vehicles Speed Cars Trucks & 2/3 Wheelers (kmph) (dB (A)) Buses (dB (A)) (dB (A)) 30 56.0 73.0 58.0 40 59.0 76.0 61.0 50 63.0 80.0 66.0 60 68.0 81.0 68.0 70 68.0 81.5 70.0 80 70.0 82.0 72.0 90 72.0 83.0 74.0 100 74.0 83.5 76.0 5.4.8.2 Traffic Volumes and Speed The projected hourly data category wise has been used. Different operative speeds have been used for various horizon years in the design life to get a realistic picture of the noise levels. It is clear from the above table that both ‘Day’ time and ‘Night’ time predicted values are well within the limits of CPCB at all locations. The above predicted values are without considering shielding effects of noise due to vegetation, etc. (b) Mitigation Measures Design Stage A prediction of the future noise levels due to the project for 2010, 2020,2030 and 2035 have been carried out using FHWA Model. Predicted Noise Levels for Commercial Zones After validating the baseline monitored data the Model was run for forecasting .The Predicted noise levels variation with distance (from centreline) has been presented in Table 5.6 A to 5.6 C and the graphical representation of the same is shown in Fig. 5.3 A to 5.3 C. The noise levels are predicted assuming zero shielding effects due to vegetations etc. Table 5.6A: Predicted Noise Levels for Commercial Zone at Km 3.500 Km 3.500 Distance from 15 30 50 100 250 500 Centreline (m) 2010 Lday 67 64 59 55 49 44 Lnight 58 54 50 46 40 36 2020 Lday 70 67 62 58 51 46 Lnight 61 56 52 49 42 38 2030 Lday 72 69 65 61 53 48 Lnight 63 58 54 51 45 39.5 2035 Lday 73 71 67 64 55 51 Lnight 64 60 56 53 47 42 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 121-A MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Fig 5.3A – Predicted Noise Level variation with Distance at Km 3.500 Table 5.6B: Predicted Noise Levels for Commercial Zone at Km 85.000 Km 85.000 Distance from 15 30 50 100 250 500 Centreline(m) 2010 Lday 65 64 63.5 62 61.5 60 Lnight 56 55.8 54 53.7 52.1 50 2020 Lday 68 66.5 64 60 58 55 Lnight 60 58.5 53 52.5 51 49 2030 Lday 68.5 68 66 60 53.5 49 Lnight 63 61 60 59.5 58 57 2035 Lday 69 68.5 67 66.5 65 63 Lnight 65 64.5 56 55 54.5 53 Table 5.6C: Predicted Noise Levels for Commercial Zone at Km 93.000 Km 93.000 Distance from 15 30 50 100 250 500 Centreline(m) 2010 Lday 67 62.6 61 59.5 58 57 Lnight 62 55.2 55 54.2 54 53 2020 Lday 68.2 66.5 65 63.5 62 61 Lnight 63 62.5 60.5 59 55 54 2030 Lday 68.9 67.3 65 63.4 62.5 61 Lnight 62.5 60 57 55.5 54.3 52 2035 Lday 70 67.5 65 64.5 64.1 63 Lnight 61 60.5 57.5 55.3 54 53.4 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 121-B MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Fig 5.3B – Predicted Noise Level variation with Distance at Km 85.000 Fig 5.3C – Predicted Noise Level variation with Distance at Km 93.000 Interpretation and Conclusion: Commercial Zone 1. The noise levels predicted due to the projected road traffic at km 3.500, 85.000 and 93.000 exceeds the prescribed ambient noise quality standards only up to a distance of 30m on either side of centerline. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 121-C MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 2. The Lday and Lnight values up to 500 m (Year – 2030) slightly exceed the prescribed limits for commercial areas. 3. The significant difference between predicted Lday and Lnight levels implies comfortable levels of noise at nighttime due to the highway traffic. 4. All sensitive location, likes schools, hospitals etc. up to 500 m from the highway will not be affected Predicted Noise Levels for Residential Zones The Predicted noise levels variation with distance (from centreline) has been presented in Table 5.6 D to 5.6 F and the graphical representation of the same is shown in Fig. 5.3 D to 5.3 F. The noise levels are predicted assuming zero shielding effects due to vegetations etc. Table 5.6D: Predicted Noise Levels for Residential Zone at Km 29.500 Km Distance from 15 30 50 100 250 500 29.500 Centreline (m) 2010 Lday 57.5 55 54.1 53 51 48.3 Lnight 47.2 46 44.2 43.4 43 41 2020 Lday 58 55.1 54.3 53.2 51.3 50 Lnight 47.6 46.8 44.4 43.5 43.2 41.3 2030 Lday 58.3 55.7 54.6 52 51.4 49 Lnight 47.9 47 44.6 43.9 43.3 42 2035 Lday 58.9 56 54.9 51.5 51 48.5 Lnight 48 47.1 45 44 42 41.5 Table 5.6E: Predicted Noise Levels for Residential Zone at Km 44.000 Km Distance from 15 30 50 100 250 500 44.000 Centreline (m) 2010 Lday 56.7 50.3 49 48.7 48.5 47 Lnight 46 41.0 39.1 39 38.7 38 2020 Lday 57 56.5 55 49 48.9 48 Lnight 46.5 40.9 39.3 39.2 38.9 38.3 2030 Lday 58.3 57 56 55 54 53.2 Lnight 46.1 40.7 39.5 39.3 38 38 2035 Lday 59 58.6 57.5 57 55 53.8 Lnight 47 40.5 40 40 37.9 37.9 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 121-D MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Fig 5.3D – Predicted Noise Level variation with Distance at Km 29.500 Fig 5.3E – Predicted Noise Level variation with Distance at Km 44.000 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 121-E MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 5.6F: Predicted Noise Levels for Residential Zone at Km 73.000 Km Distance from 15 30 50 100 250 500 73.000 Centreline (m) 2010 Lday 55.7 55.3 55 54.3 53 52 Lnight 48 46.7 46.5 45 44.9 44.5 2020 Lday 58 57.3 56 55.4 53.5 53 Lnight 48.3 47 46.2 46 45 44.8 2030 Lday 59 58.6 57 55.5 54 53.9 Lnight 48.5 48.2 47 46 45 44.1 2035 Lday 60.2 59.6 58 57 54.5 54 Lnight 49 48.1 47.6 46 45 44 Fig 5.3F – Predicted Noise Level variation with Distance at Km 73.000 Interpretation and Conclusion: Residential Zone 1. The noise levels predicted due to the projected road traffic at km 29.500, 44.000 and 73.000 slightly exceed the prescribed ambient noise quality standards only up to a distance of 50 m on either side of centerline. 2. The Lday and Lnight values up to 500 m (Year – 2035) slightly exceed the prescribed limits for commercial areas. 3. The significant difference between predicted Lday and Lnight levels implies comfortable levels of noise at nighttime due to the highway traffic. 4. All sensitive location, likes schools, hospitals etc. up to 500 m from the highway will not be affected Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 121-F MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Predicted Noise Levels for Silent Zones The Predicted noise levels variation with distance (from centreline) has been presented in Table 5.6 G & 5.6 H and the graphical representation of the same is shown in Fig. 5.3 G & 5.3 H. The noise levels are predicted assuming zero shielding effects due to vegetations etc. Table 5.6G: Predicted Noise Levels for Silent Zone at Km 25.000 Km 25.000 Distance from 15 30 50 100 250 500 Centreline (m) 2010 Lday 53 50 48 45 43 41 Lnight 44 42 40 39 37 35 2020 Lday 53.5 51 49 45.5 44 42 Lnight 45 44 42 40 38 36 2030 Lday 54 52 50 46 45 43 Lnight 46 45 43 41 39 37 2035 Lday 55 53 51 47 46 44 Lnight 47 46 44 42 40 38 Fig 5.3G – Predicted Noise Level variation with Distance at Km 25.000 Table 5.6H: Predicted Noise Levels for silent Zone at Km 65.000 Km 65.000 Distance from 15 30 50 100 250 500 Centreline (m) 2010 Lday 52 49 47 44 42 40 Lnight 43 42 39 37 36 35 2020 Lday 53 50 48 46 45 41 Lnight 45 43 42 41 39 37 2030 Lday 54 51 49 47 46 42 Lnight 46 44 43 42 40 38 2035 Lday 56 52 51 48 47 43 Lnight 47 46 44 43 41 40 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 121-G MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Fig 5.3H – Predicted Noise Level variation with Distance at Km 73.000 Interpretation and Conclusion: Residential Zone 1. The noise levels predicted due to the projected road traffic at km 25.000 and 65.000 slightly exceed the prescribed ambient noise quality standards only up to a distance of 30 m on either side of centerline. 2. The Lday and Lnight values up to 500 m (Year – 2030) slightly exceed the prescribed limits for commercial areas. 3. The significant difference between predicted Lday and Lnight levels implies comfortable levels of noise at nighttime due to the highway traffic. 4. All sensitive location, likes schools, hospitals etc. up to 500 m from the highway will not be affected Construction Stage The required mitigation materials include location of Construction Camps will be at least 500 m away from inhabited areas. Other ancillary measures include maintenance of equipment in good condition, proper design of engine enclosures. Project activities shall be coinciding with periods when people would be least affected. Construction activities generating high noise levels shall be strictly prohibited between 10 P.M and 6 A.M in residential areas. The plants and equipment used for construction will strictly conform to CPCB noise standards. Vehicles and equipment used shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. The noise level from any item of plants and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 121-H MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar machinery (measured at one metre from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front end loaders, concrete mixers, cranes, vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB (A), as specified in the Environmental Protection Rules, 1986. To protect construction workers from severe noise impacts, noise standards of industrial enterprises will be strictly enforced at construction site and construction camps and workers shall be provided with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earplugs and muffs. Operation Stage The plantation grown will also act as a noise barrier. Predicted noise levels indicate that beyond 500m distances no impact of project road vehicular noise will be felt. 5.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 5.5.1 Flora - Roadside Plantations and Protected Forest Areas (a) Impacts The principal impact on flora involves the removal of trees from the ROW.  The tree removal will take place from ROW of project road. This removal will be of private trees falling in ROW of Bypasses and Realignment and road side plantation from the existing road ROW.  To ease construction of the embankment for the road formation and, to permit construction of adequate roadside drainage structure, trees located within the clear zone need to be removed.  Trees need to be cleared to facilitate construction of traffic detours.  The stage wise impact on roadside trees and plantation has been described in the following sections. Pre Construction Stage The project has a significant, direct and long-term impact on the trees within the ROW. The cutting of trees shall have manifold impact. Most visible impact is the loss of shade. Also, there is a possibility of the local people being deprived of tree products, such as wood, fruits, leaves, etc. Road side vegetation is likely to be impacted due to road widening. The types of trees are mixed in nature and are mostly Sheesham, Arjun, Siris, Mango, Pipal, Bargad, Neem etc. The project road involves cutting of 9014 trees (within the ROW) for widening of the existing single/intermediate lane road to 2 lane with paved/earthen shoulder at urban/rural areas. The district wise number of trees to be felled are as under: (i) Supaul District - 3487 (ii) Madhepura District - 5413 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 122 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar (iii) Saharsa District - 114 Total - 9014 The micro-ecosystems supported by the trees are also a point of environmental concern. The removal of road side trees will not only lead to erosion, and depletion of the ground water table, but also to the loss of the micro-ecosystems developed in the project area. Since most of trees to be removed are in fertile agriculture fields, therefore these are productive either due to fruit bearing or due to timber usage. Construction Stage During construction stage no cutting of trees will be involved within the ROW, but there may be accidental cutting of trees by the construction workers for cooking fuel. The compensatory plantation and plantation in median will also take place at the end of construction period. Operation Stage During operation stage there will be positive impact on flora as compensatory plantation in ROW will grow and turfing on side slopes will also mature. (b) Mitigation Measures Design Stage The loss of trees will be compensated in accordance to the principles laid out in the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. Typical landscape plans have been prepared for the project road based on geographic, climatic and soil conditions. Compensatory plantation in the ratio of 1:3 is planned. Construction Stage No trees out of ROW will be felled. The trees to be felled will be marked inside the RoW. Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment will move or be stationed in the designated area only to prevent compaction of vegetation. While operating on temporarily acquired land for traffic detours, storage, material handling or any other construction related or incidental activities, it will be ensured that the trampling of soil and damage to naturally occurring (ROW or Construction Camp) herbs and grasses will be avoided. 5.5.2 Fauna along the Project Road (b) Impacts No potential impact on fauna is envisaged due to widening of Birpur-Udakishanganj of NH-106 project road as per this is not near to any of the area rich in wildlife/ eco-sensitive zones. (b) Mitigation Measures Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 123 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Construction Stage All construction activities will be carried out in such a fashion that damage and disruption to fauna will be minimum. The construction workers will be given instructions to conserve/ protect natural resources and fauna, including wild animals and aquatics lives. Operation Stage Although no impacts on fauna in construction and operation stage are anticipated directly due to the project, certain measures shall be taken. In the operation phase a positive impact on fauna is anticipated due to enhanced tree cover in the ROW. The enhanced tree cover will provide a good nesting ground for the avi-fauna. 5.5.3 Aquatic Ecology of Kosi (a) Impacts The impacts on aquatic ecology of will be at project road at Kosi River is flowing at a distance ranging from Km.124.0 and Km 134.0 of the project road. Pre Construction and Construction Stage The impacts in pre construction and construction stage will be during project activity in river bed for laying well foundations. This will require diversion of water way and many times constricted flow. This constricted flow will cause turbidity in the downstream and aquatic fauna present will have adverse impact. These impacts will be limited to construction phase. Operation Stage During operation stage no impacts are anticipated as bridge design provides adequate waterway width. (b) Mitigation Measures Pre Construction and Construction Stage The bridge design has been finalized after hydrological model study. This will ensure adequate waterway width. The construction in riverbed will be taken up during lean flow period to minimise the impacts and flow of water will not be obstructed. Immediately after finishing the construction in water body flow will be restored to its original condition and the material will be disposed off to the identified site. No construction material will be stored within 500m of river banks. Operation Stage As no impacts have been identified, no mitigation measures are warranted. 5.5.4 Impacts due to Land Acquisition Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 124 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar The project entails land acquisition though, at a low scale for widening, realignments, junction improvements etc. The available ROW along the project corridor is inadequate along certain stretches and triggers need for additional land acquisition (extent of land acquisition varies from 1.0 m to 5.0 m). 20.3288 hectares land is proposed to be acquired. Out of which 3.7552 ha land is govt. land and 16.5736 ha land is private land. As far as possible the land acquisition has been kept to the minimum, by restricting the geometric improvement within the existing right of way. However the land acquisition will be done at sections having width, insufficient to accommodate the approved cross-sections & geometric improvements. There is no bypass on the project road. Minor realignments are proposed in km 33, km 44, km 64 and 88 km to improve sharp curves where lot of accidents are occurring. The land acquisition is planned for curve improvements and realignments. Location wise additional land requirements for the rehabilitation and up-gradation of the project are shown in Table 5-7. Table 5.7: Additional Land Requirement for the proposed project S. Proposed Location/Length Remarks No. LA (ha) km 33 (km 31.800 to km 32.200) Two very sharp curves improved to 1 in Ganapat Ganj. (Length = 400 2.80 80 km/h. m) km 44 (km 43.50 to km 44.40) Two sharp curves and T-Junction in 2 near Pipra Town. (Length = 700 2.69 built up area eliminated. m) Major Bridge (3 x 24 m) proposed on Km 64 (km 62.600 to km 63.250) 3 1.12 LHS on straight alignment. Three (Length = 600 m) sharp curves eliminated. Curve improvement though 4 Km 88 (km 88.250 to 88.620 0.43 proposed minor bridge. Total 7.04 5.5.4.1 Loss of Private Properties Loss of private properties in the form residential, commercial and residential cum commercial is minimal as re-alignment have been finalized away from the habitations. However there may be loss of some properties. These are being counted as part of land acquisition plans. 5.5.4.2 Common Properties Resources Common property resources such as schools, hand pumps, wells, tube wells, religious structures etc falling in ROW of project road summarized in Table 6.8 below: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 125 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 5.8: Amenities and Public Facilities Falling in the ROW Numbers Community Properties Total Hand pump 138 Tube Wells 0 Wells 0 Ponds 8 Water Tanks 0 School 1 Religious Structures 9 Govt. Buildings 7 Petrol Pump 0 Total 163 5.5.4.3 Change in land use The development due to the Project will induce a change in the land use along the alignment. Change in land use will be sparked off as a result of land speculation. The road,, which is flanked by agricultural fields, settlement areas, commercial areas etc. Reduced transportation costs and availability of high-speed transportation facilities for raw materials and products will be the most important advantage of the project. The project road passes through agricultural lands, settlement areas, commercial areas etc. The settlement area including the schools, villages and urban area traverses 41 km along the stretch. The agricultural land which is both the source of income and chief occupation in the area accounts to 85 km and rest of the corridor is occupied by shops, bus stops and petrol bunks which add up to commercial area of 10 km. After development of project there will be transformation in land use in project influence area. This will improve economic conditions of people. Land Speculation Better connectivity will also mean that the value of roadside properties will rise almost overnight. The lure of business from road users is usually the main magnet. 5.5.5 Cropping Pattern and Crop Productivity The agricultural sector of Bihar's economy is extremely important not merely because 90% of its population earns their livelihood from this sector. Major crops produced in the state include sugarcane, rice, wheat, maize and potato. The productivity of pulses in Bihar is lower than the grains production. Bihar is among the three large producers of maize and jute. In 2007-08, total production of sugarcane, rice and wheat was 14.1 million tones whereas in 2006-07, Bihar was among the three largest producers of Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 126 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar maize, jute and mesta in the country. A considerable decrease in agricultural sector is noticed. As of 2008, agriculture accounts for 35%. The proposed project is likely to bring in its wake, industrialization and change in land use. This translates into change of land currently under agriculture to more commercial use. It is envisaged that due to this proposed change, the crop productivity in the agricultural belt immediately adjoining the ROW shall decrease. This impact is envisaged only to be valid for the agricultural land immediate to the ROW. Although the spatial impact is likely to be insignificant, the impact will be irreversible in nature. Cropping pattern after development of road will change, as farmers will switch over to cash crops, as there will availability of fast transport system to urban areas. 5.5.5.1 Exploitation of Resource base Development of a road in areas previously not easily accessible can work like a double- edged sword for the environmental resources in the area. While the road would unlock potential value in the area, stimulate growth and make the environment hospitable, at the same time, the rapid depletion of natural resources is also possible. Development of such vital infrastructure will lead to over exploitation of the environmental resources (e.g. too much groundwater withdrawal, indiscriminate wastewater disposal, from industrial areas etc.). While the medium term impacts may not be large enough to be noticed, the long-term implications of such depletion are potentially disastrous. 5.5.5.2 Consumption of Natural Resources The proposed works Rehabilitation and Upgradation to 2-Lane/2-Lane with Paved Shoulders envisage the use of significant quantities of the earth, stone and grit and sand along with bitumen. The Table 5.9 indicates the quantities required for construction. Table 5.9: Materials requirement for Project Road S.No. Material Source Lead At Lead (km) Quantity From Barauni Plant at 1 Bitumen 350 10,200 ton Refinery Madhepura From Haldia Plant at 2 Diesel 455 12,93,496 liters Refinery Madhepura 3 Aggregate From quarry Sheikhpura 247 6,90,000 ton Plant at 4 Cement From Patna town 23 70,200 ton Madhepura Plant at 5 Steel From Patna Town 23 15,000 ton Madhepura 6 Sand From River Panchanamay 222 25000 mt Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 127 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S.No. Material Source Lead At Lead (km) Quantity Sub Grade Soil From Borrow 7 Site of work 4 - & Embankment areas 5.6 SAFETY (a) Impacts The concern for safety stems from the proposals for faster vehicular movement along the project road. Though speedy travel is one of the objectives of the project, it also increases the intensity of loss of life in case of an accident. (b) Mitigation Measures Design Stage Safety of road users as well as of the vehicles plying on the project road is given highest importance and adequate measures have been incorporated in the design of the alignment. Concrete crash barriers and / or steel Beam Guardrails shall be installed at the main carriageway. Construction Stage Construction activities cause hindrance to traffic movement and are also hazardous for the traffic. Traffic management plans shall be prepared and temporary diversion routes will be identified to divert traffic from construction locations. Signboards indicating construction sites on the road and flags shall be erected. All the signboards giving caution, barricades for diverting the traffic shall be as per MoRT&H specifications. Operation Stage All safety measures erected at time of construction will be maintained properly. There will be special attention to signage. 5.7 ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS (a) Impacts There are no archaeologically protected monuments falling within the ROW of project. Hence no impact is anticipated. (b) Mitigation Measures There are no archaeological monuments falling within the study area. Thus, no mitigation measures are warranted. 5.8 ACCIDENTS INVOLVING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (a) Impacts The storage of the inflammable material may result in accidents. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 128 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar (b) Mitigation Measures Pre Construction and Construction Stage During pre construction and construction stage the storage of hazardous materials such as fuel and lubricants at construction camps will be after obtaining permissions/ license from Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization (PESO), Nagpur. Operation Stage Accidents involving hazardous chemicals will generally be catastrophic to the environment, though the probability of occurrence is low. Prevention of an accident involving hazardous material is a better way of minimising the impacts. The provisions mandated by 'The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) rules, 1989' and “Manufacture Storage and import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules” 1989 under the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 will be complied with. Vehicles delivering hazardous substances will be printed with appropriate warning signs. In case of spillage, the report to relevant departments will be made and instructions will be followed in taking up the contingency measures immediately. 5.9 CULTURAL PROPERTIES (a) Impacts Loss/ Disruption of Access/ Cultural Properties Pre Construction One of the impacts of project road construction is interrupted access to the cultural properties on either side of ROW. There are chances that users of the cultural property may face difficulty in accessing the property during the period of pre- construction. 9 religious structures are proposed to be relocated. Construction Stage Loss of Access is likely to be severed during the construction period, due to movement of construction machinery, construction and labor camps or setting up of borrow areas, setting up of service stations etc. Operation Stage During operation phase access to cultural properties will be minimal as the project will provide access to other cultural properties on either side of project road. (b) Mitigation Measures Design Stage Alignment has been worked out to minimise impacts on cultural/religious properties along the corridor. All religious structures will be relocated first. This will be done in consultation with locals. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 129 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Construction Stage All necessary and adequate care will be taken to minimize impacts on cultural properties close to ROW, which includes cultural sites and remains, places of worship including temples, mosques, churches and shrines, graveyards, and any other important structures as identified during design. The contractor shall ensure that no construction activities will spill over to these property’s premises and precincts. Access to cultural properties on either side of ROW such properties from the road shall be maintained clear and clean. 5.10 SOCIO - ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (a) Impacts (a) Impacts 5.10.1 Project Displaced Population Approximate 20.3288 hectares private land is proposed to be acquired. 425 house hold will be affected. This land acquisition will have impact on socio-economic conditions of project-affected persons. The project-affected persons are being identified in land acquisition. Impact due to Construction of Embankment The embankment height along the project stretch varies from 0 to 2.5 m. The design of embankment is done as per IRC 75-1975 “Guidelines for Design of High Embankments”. The other major social impact identified due to project is loss of access to agricultural fields and habitations on either side of the alignment. In many instances there will be defragmentation of agricultural fields of the same landowner. This problem will be faced in realignments. This will cause inconvenience to the locals. 5.10.2 Positive Social Impacts The positive social impact due to project will be faster connectivity to major urban centres of the country, generation of huge employment during construction, and fast economic development in the post construction phase. There will be availability of improved infrastructure facilities. Overall life quality of public will improve in post construction phase. (b) Mitigation Measures The compensation to project affected persons will be paid as per Rehabilitation and Resettlement policy. The project will adopt National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy 2007 (NPRR) of Government of India, Bihar Land Acquisition Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2007 (BLARRP-2007), World Bank OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement and OP 4.10 for Indigenous Peoples. (as discussed in chapter-additional studies under R&R Plan) Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 130 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar CHAPTER-6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 6.1 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane /2lane with paved shoulder of Birpur- Udakishanganj project will affect the communities residing near the ROW of NH-106 and their activities. Moreover successful implementation of the project requires co- ordinate efforts of various stakeholders at different levels. Hence, consultations at different levels are being used as a tool to inform and educate stakeholders about the proposed action both before and after the development decisions are made. Stakeholder consultation was useful for gathering environmental data, understanding likely impacts and community‘s needs and preferences. The various alternatives could be evolved and sustainable mitigation measures could be formulated through consultations. It assisted in identification of the problems associated with the project as well as the needs of the population likely to be impacted. This participatory process helped in reducing the public resistance to change and enabled the participation of the local people in the decision making process. The involvement of the various stakeholders ensured that the affected population and other stakeholders are informed consulted and are allowed to participate at various stages of project preparation. 6.1.1 Definition of Stakeholder People who will be affected by an endeavor and can influence it but who are not directly involved with doing the work for example: Revenue Department (RD) Forest Department (FD) Groups of affected persons; Village representatives like Sarpanch and members, PRIs, Village level health workers, Patwaris Officials at Mandal level, Local voluntary organizations like CBOs and NGOs; Field level R&B Engineers, PWD, Government of Bihar, Bihar State AIDS Control Society representatives, Commissioner office of Social Welfare, Other project stakeholders such as official of line Department. Stakeholder consultation is a two-way process involving the interaction of various stake holders and the project proponents. Considering the fact that involving local communities in the project planning is basis of the participatory planning, stakeholder consultation forms an important part of the environmental screening process. Often suggestions and options given by the people help in improving technical and economic efficiency of the project. Also, suggested improvements proposals by the people, if adopted in the project, generates sense of ownership within communities and thus eases implementation process. The stakeholder consultation is useful in gathering basic information related to: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 132 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar - Baseline environmental data, - Likely potential impacts, - Perspectives/concerns & preferences of stakeholders, - Project alternatives, and - Mitigation measures 6.1.2 Objective of Stakeholder Consultation The objectives of the consultation process are the following:  To promote public awareness about the project road especially amongst the potentially impacted communities/individuals due to the proposed Upgradation  To educate the potentially impacted communities/individuals about the proposed course of action and the project alternatives;  To solicit the views of affected communities/individuals on environmental and social problems;  To gather inputs from the affected communities/individuals in crucial decisions regarding mitigation of the identified environmental and social issues;  To stimulate community self evaluation and analysis;  To inform Project Affected Persons (PAPs) about the compensation and resettlement in the project; and  To ensure lessening of public resistance to change by providing them a platform in the decision making process. Types of Stakeholder  Primary Stakeholder are those whose land, business or establishments are affected.  Institutional stakeholders  MoRTH ,World Bank, Public works department and other line departments Feedback and inputs have been obtained from a range of stakeholders both through formal and informal means on various occasions and levels. The present project also benefits from the substantial and meaningful consultation that was carried out in the project concerned districts of Bihar i.e. in Supaul, Madhepura and Saharsa. Stakeholder consultation mechanisms are central to the design and implementation of project and provide for information sharing, consultation and collaboration measures. These provide procedures for dissemination of information and consultation with communities and the affected people in particular through various stages of the project cycle. Consultations have been conducted with the community and the PRI at project preparation and implementation stages. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 133 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 6.1.3 Methodology of Consultation 6.1.3.1 Stages and Levels of Consultations Stakeholder consultations are an ongoing process till project is completely constructed. The consultations have helped is finalization of the alignment for the NH-106 (Birpur- Udakishanganj Project Road). Stakeholder consultations have been held at three levels as follows:  Local level (village level/Block level) villagers whose properties, land, etc are being affected by the project;  District level consultations with district administration, and  Institutional level consultations with Bihar Irrigation Department, State Forest Department. Types of consultations done with various participants using different tools including, interviews with government officials, individual consultations, key informant interviews, focus group discussion, stakeholder consultations, etc, are presented in Table 6.1. Table 6.1: Types of Consultations Level Type Key Participants Individual Local level Consultation People along the project corridor Sample Door to Door People along the project corridor including those Individual Personal Contact that are impacted directly or indirectly PAP, women, truckers, weaker sections, Settlement Focus Group Discussion agriculturist, school teachers Institutional Stake holder Discussion Line departments Tools for Consultation Stakeholder Consultations are being taken-up using formal and informal discussions, and meetings with Government of Bihar Officials in various departments. Informal discussion At the time of reconnaissance survey and baseline data collection, informal discussions have been held with the local public residing in indirect project influence area to obtain an overview of likely impacts and concerns of the community. Consultation was held at several locations along the project road alignment covering areas where public activity was intense and close to proposed alignment covering: - Village Panchayats, and - Villagers The various levels at which the consultation were held is shown in Figure 6.1. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 134 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Fig: 6.1 Vvarious levels of Consultations The discussions held with local level of Bihar an officials is given below Table 6.2. (a) Local Level Consultation Detailed village level consultations were conducted during environmental impact survey stage. Critical stretches along the proposed corridors were identified and meeting was held. At locations FGDs were also organized. Following table summarizes highlights of some of the consultation held along the project road. Table 6.2 – Stakeholder Consultation Schedule Date Locations 27.07.2010 Consultation at Shivnagar 28.08.2020 Consultation at Simrahi 29.07.2010 Consultation at Pipra 30.07.2010 Consultation at Goalpara (b) Institutional Level Consultations The institutional level consultations were held with representatives of institutions having stakes in implementation of the project. The institutions contacted included State Forest Department, District Administration Supaul, Madhepura and Saharsa, Revenue Department, etc. In addition to the department listed above the officials from other departments were also contacted on several occasions. The contacted officials included Tehsildars, NGOs, industry department and respective – district magistrates Offices. Contents The consultation with institutional officials focused on the following issues  Project description: - Need for the Upgradation i.e. 2lanning / 2 laning with paved shoulder of project road, benefits of the project and etc.  Social and environmental assessment processes vis-à-vis- GOI requirements; Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 135 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar  The extent and nature of negative social and environmental impact and the need for rehabilitation and resettlement in the project. Avoidance, mitigation and enhancement aspects in the project;  Dissemination of R&R policy formulated for the project prescribing various R&R options to facilitate in improving or at a minimum regaining the former status of living of the people affected by the project at no cost to them; and  People’s participation in planning, implementation and Monitoring & Evaluation Stage.  Clarifications were sought from Chief Conservator of forest and DFO offices regarding requirements of forest clearances. 6.1.3.2 Public Hearing, Schedule IV, under EIA Notification 2006 of MoEF The consultants will take up Public Hearing as per provisions and requirements of EIA Notification 2006 in all three districts through which the project road is passing. 6.1.4 Issues Raised and Addressal in the Project 6.1.4.1 Government of Bihar Institutional Meetings The public meeting was held on 6-2-2012 to 8-2-2012 in presence of Executive Engineer, Assistant Engineer PWD NH-Division Fulaut, Singheswar and Kataiya, Tehsildar, Land Acquisition officer, local public and their representative. The issues raised and their addressal in Project design during meeting of Government of Supaul, Madhepura and Saharsa officials have been summarized below in Table 6.3. Issues discussed during the District and Local Level Consultations and their Addressal in Project Design is given in Table 6.4. Table – 6.3: Issues during Public Consultation Sl Date Participants Issue Raised / Discussed Addresses in Project Design No 1 6.2.2012 BDO Fulauth a n d BDO suggested improving of Curve improvements NH-Division 106 Built- up Sections and sharp Fulauth- Executive engineer curves location in project are planned at district section, as there are frequent Madhepura deficient alignment accidents. Kala Manch locations with speed restrictions and traffic signage are provided. 2 7.2. 2012  Enquired when project road  After DPR completion, construction would start. contract would be Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 136 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Sl Date Participants Issue Raised / Discussed Addresses in Project Design No Ramjanki Work should start awarded for Mandir immediately as road commencing work. Thakurwadi condition is deteriorating campus  Consultants requested officiating officer ‘Anchal Singheswar Adhikari’ to depute a representative for  NH-106 Sub Division addressing issues related to Engineer assured that land acquisition one official will be  Officials suggested designated, consideration of suitable project provisions in congested towns of  Bypass has been Singheswar, Sirsiya, planned for Barhari, Jajhat Dandhari, Singheswar town Thruai, Barbana, Budhawe, Katton 3 8.2.2012 Prakhand Pramukh  Enquired about  Improvement Smt. Prabha Devi, proposed improvement plans proposal was Kataiya- Mukhya Bhim Nagar of NH-106 as well as plan for explained and District Shri. Sudhir kumar, rehabilitation and Information Supaul reconstruction of Bridges on regarding Bridges Samittee existing Project Section. was given i.e. 2 New Chairperson Shrilal  Officials of NH-106 major bridges are Near Hydel Gotheya and NH- Division & PWD Department proposed power 106 Division suggested submitting the  Information was house Engineers Shri GADs of proposed bridges appreciated by the Naveen kumar, and assured that after review, stakeholders Vimal Ranjan, the proposal will approved with proper recommendations. Rajander Prasad  Engineers informed that Officials of PWDs inclusive of both paved Department at and shoulders the total width of Kataiya road will be 10m  Additional widening was welcomed by the Stakeholders Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 137 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH- EIA /EMP Report 106 in the State of Bihar Table – 6.4: Issues discussed during the District and Local Level Consultations and their Addressal in Project Design Sl. Km. Location and Participants Issues Suggestion from Participants Mitigation Measures dates Raised/Discussed proposed/incorporated 1 4+600 to Shivnagar Local 1. Road Safety was 1. The existing Highway has a 1. The suggestion has 6+000 Residents, the main concern of bridge over Sone Canal and already been incorporated Villagers and the Stakeholders. approaches on either side are by design experts. In the Due to poor geometry deficient we want that deficient stretch the deficient roads public there are chances of roads should be improved. will be improved representative accidents. 2. The compensation of land should 2. The compensation will be 7-02-2012 of Supaul 2. How the be appropriate as per the given on the basis of the compensation of land government prescribed norms. entitlement matrix framed for No. of will be given? 3. At the junctions the speed of the NHIIP projects. Participants vehicle are too fast. There are - 22 chances of accidents at these 3. Both major and minor junctions. 4. The construction will commence junctions will be improved as 3. What measures has soon after the DPR is completed. per the IRC standards. been taken to control Yes, local people will be given the speed of the employment. 4.*** vehicles? 5. Please provide safety provisions for congested roads especially at crowded places. 4. During construction period will the employment be given to the local people? 5. safety signs 5. Safety signage will be put at the required locations. 2 8+00 Bolder Chowk Block 1. Road improvement  Widening and strengthening of the 1. Concentric widening will be or widening will be project road in the market areas opted for the Built-up to 8.02.2012 Development on both sides of the should be on both side of the road section, except for location Officer, LA road? so that the other side people may with deficient alignment. 9+000 Officer, not feel discriminated.  Provision of footpath on the road Local sides for the safety of the 2. Footpath and Covered pedestrians. and drains to avoid Drain has been proposed Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 138 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH- EIA /EMP Report 106 in the State of Bihar Sl. Km. Location and Participants Issues Suggestion from Participants Mitigation Measures dates Raised/Discussed proposed/incorporated Residents, the water logging under Improvement Plan of Villagers and Built-Up- Section. public 2. Due to heavy rains in the region water  Traffic signages are required on the representative logging becomes a existing road as it is difficult to 3. Traffic signage shall be of Bolder major problem and provided in adequate drive at nighttime on the road. Chowk also footpath should  The roads should be illuminated as number be provided for the there are chances of accidents at pedestrians. night. 3. Traffic signage 4. The roads will be lightening No. of as per the requirement in Participants - urban areas. 45 4. Is there provision of illumination on the road? 3 15+ 00 Karzine Local 1. Connectivity to Patna 1. The highway is a requirement for 1. The road will be up graded and Bhagalpur the people of the region. It is and widened as required To 12.02.2012 Residents, important as it connects to for the people of the region Villagers and Bhagalpur and Patna which are for their social and 17+00 public main trade and educational economic benefits. centres. 2. Provision of paved representative 2. The traffic on the highway is fast shoulders has been and especially those who ride two provided to segregate the 2. What safety wheelers face problems and are fast and slow moving measures has been prone to accidents. traffic. 28 given as those who 3. There is need of traffic signage on 3. Provision of traffic signage Participants ride two wheelers the road as it becomes difficult to has been given in the face major problems? drive on the existing road design report for safety 3. traffic signage on the 4. Employment during construction purposes at the appropriate road should be provided to the local places. people of the region. 4. Employment preference will be given to the local 4. Preference to local people based on the nature residents for of work. employment Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 139 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH- EIA /EMP Report 106 in the State of Bihar Sl. Km. Location and Participants Issues Suggestion from Participants Mitigation Measures dates Raised/Discussed proposed/incorporated 4 29+500 Ganpatganj Block  Relocation of Common 1. The common property resources 1. The common property Development Property Resources should be located near to their resources will be located near to Officer, CO, LA present site. to their present site. 30+000 2. The structure will be made to Officer, Local 13.02.2012  The area is flood sustain all weather. Residents, prone and required Villagers and sustainable 2. The National Highway public structures. 3. At the level crossing the waiting is standards will be followed to representative too long and also the road is very congested. A lot of difficulty is maintain it sustainability. 144 faced when it has to be crossed. 3. The provision of two ROB Participants  ROB instead of Level has been given. Rail over Crossing bridge (ROB) is proposed to replace the existing level crossing. 5 65+200 Singheswar Local 1. What about the blind 1. At the approach road sufficient 1. The roads are being to spots on the road as line of sight is unavailable also the improved as per the IRC 14.02.2012 Residents, it becomes difficult to blind points should be removed. standards. Especially, the 68.000 Villagers and orient oneself into 2. It is being approximated that junctions, deficient roads are public the right direction? around 9000 trees will be cut and 2. How many trees will 27000 trees will be planted. being improved. representative be cut during the 3. The temple should be shifted at construction of the an appropriate place 2.*** Total 26 road? 3. What about the 3. The temple will be shifted Participants to an appropriate nearby temple coming in the RoW location. Its architecture will be conserved. 6 70+800 Madhepura Local 1. Religious places 1. The temples coming on the road 5. The temple location will be coming in the ROW? should be shifted at a convenient planned which will be away To 15-02-2012 Residents, or near by location. from ROW. Villagers and 2. Please make provision for the 2. water will be sprinkled 2. During the noise and dust as it affects the Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 140 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH- EIA /EMP Report 106 in the State of Bihar Sl. Km. Location and Participants Issues Suggestion from Participants Mitigation Measures dates Raised/Discussed proposed/incorporated 73.400 public construction phase local people, school children etc. frequently to curb the dust. representative increase in noise 3. The roads should be widened To curb the noise and dust from both sides. construction work will be at 21 Participants the day time at sensitive 3. Type of Road 4. Proper signage and speed limits locations. widening should be put at appropriate places for minimization of 3. concentric widening has accidents. been adopted in the buildup 4. The concern over section safety is most among the people. 4.It is a national highway and IRC will be followed for all design aspects 7 80+00 Saharsa Development 1. safety and traffic 1.The roads geometry should be 1. Road is improved as per to congestion improved. Traffic signage should an NH standards. Traffic 81+00 15-02.2012 Officer, LA be provided at different locations. will be diverted properly Officer, Local during construction to Residents, 2. There should be enough safety remove congestion 2. At the time of construction Villagers and measures during construction. 2. safety measures the safety measures will during construction be used such as public phase barricades, road representative construction work will be done in day time near 190 sensitive receptors 3. Provision for two ROB Participants has been given with 3.Provision of ROB should be service lane of 1.00 km 3. delays due to long given. for safety and travelling wait near level ease. crossing 8 104+00 Udakishanganj Local  Safety of road 1.Urban areas should have proper 1.The road will have proper Residents, users at night time. electrification electrification for safe driving in to Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 141 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH- EIA /EMP Report 106 in the State of Bihar Sl. Km. Location and Participants Issues Suggestion from Participants Mitigation Measures dates Raised/Discussed proposed/incorporated 106+00 17.02.2012 Villagers and  bus stops and shelters should urban areas at night time be provided public 2.Bus stop and bus 2.Adequate number of bus representative shelters stops and shelters are considered in the design 32 Participants 3.A Truck lay bye is provided 3.Requirement of at km 106.00 Truck lay bye  Requirement of Truck lay bye Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 142 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Photographs of Consultations Fig. 6.2 View of Public Consultation at Fulauth Fig. 6.3 View of Public Consultation at Kataiya Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 143 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Fig 6.4 View of Public Consultation at Singheshwar on 7th Feb 2012 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 144 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Census Survey of land and Structures holders Details of Structure Owner Information Name S. Distance No. of Chainage of District No. Type Length Width from Side Status Name Family Occupation Income Ownership Photo Village ECL Male Female Shyam 2 Business 2500 Own 1 0+100 Lalpur Supaul Khoka 3m 3m 6m RHS Squatter 1 Kumar Arvind 2 0+150 Lalpur Supaul Khoka 3m 3m 6m RHS Squatter 1 Business 2500 Own Shah Mahesh 3 0+160 Lalpur Supaul Khoka 3m 3m 7m RHS Squatter 2 2 Business 1500 Own Kumar Gunanand 4 0+165 Lalpur Supaul Khoka 3m 3m 7m RHS Squatter 3 2 Business 3000 Own N.A. Mandal Saraswati 5 0+500 Lalpur Supaul Residence 2m 7m 10m LHS Titleholder 4 5 4000 Own Devi Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 145 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Details of Structure Owner Information No. of S. Chainag Name of Distric Distanc Lengt Widt Sid Family Occupatio Incom Ownershi No. e Village t Type e from Status Name Photo h h e Femal n e p ECL Male e Mahi Encroach 71 20+410 Fakirna Supaul House 6m 3m 6m LHS Chaudhar 1 1 Business 2500 Own er y Sudhir RH 72 20+800 Fakirna Supaul Shop 3m 2m 8m Squatter Kumar 2 2 Business 2000 Own S Das Ranjit 73 20+810 Fakirna Supaul Shop 3m 3m 7m LHS Squatter 2 2 Business 6000 Own Mandal Sudhir N.A. 74 22+200 Motipur Supaul Shop 3m 2m 8m LHS Squatter 2 2 Business 2000 Own Yadav Rahul 75 22+250 Narha Supaul Shop 3m 2m 7m LHS Squatter 1 1 Business 2000 Own Kumar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 146 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Details of Structure Owner Information No. of S. Chainag Name of Distric Distanc Lengt Widt Sid Family Occupatio Incom Ownershi No. e Village t Type e from Status Name Photo h h e Femal n e p ECL Male e Khokh 76 22+260 Berda Supaul 3m 3m 9m LHS Squatter Shailendra 1 1 Business 1500 Own a Bhagwanpu 77 9+000 Supaul house 4m 3m 8m LHS Squater Uma Devi 1 1 Daily wage 3000 Own r Bhagwanpu Vinod 78 9+130 Supaul shop 3m 3m 6m LHS Squater 1 1 Business 3000 Own r Kumar RH Dev 79 20+900 Baida Supaul shop 3m 3m 6m Squater 2 2 Business 3500 Own S Yadav Sarita 80 20+930 Baida Supaul Shop 4m 3m 6m LHS Squatter 1 1 Business 3000 Own Devi Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 147 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Details of Structure Owner Information No. of S. Chainag Name of Distric Distanc Lengt Widt Sid Family Occupatio Incom Ownershi No. e Village t Type e from Status Name Photo h h e Femal n e p ECL Male e Singheshw Madh- RH Titlehold R.K. 261 67+135 Shop 3m 3m 7m 3 2 Business 5000 Own ar epura S er Bhagat Singheshw Madh- RH Titlehold Kishori 262 67+138 Shop 7m 2m 6m 3 3 Business 6000 Own ar epura S er Bhagat Singheshw Madh RH Titlehold Kailash 263 67+142 Shop 9m 1m 6m 5 1 Business 15000 Own ar epura S er Bhagat Singheshw Madh RH Not 264 67+145 Wall 9m 3m 6m N.A. ar epura S available Singheshw Madh RH Titlehold Niranjan 265 67+148 Shop 9m 1.5m 6m 2 5 Business 3000 Own ar epura S er Bhagat Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 148 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 6.1.5 Conclusion/Recommendations Major findings related to key issues such as general perception about the project, suggestions to mitigate hardships resulting from dislocation and loss of livelihood, the details of which are presented below: Most of the peoples were aware about the project. Peoples were convinced about the importance of proposed highways in their region, since it will reduce accidents and enhance economic opportunities  People consented to cooperate, if adequately compensated.  Majority preferred to resettle, near to their previous place of business and residence, if required.  Cultivators preferred for cash compensation as per market rate.  Requests were made by the people for providing facilities and amenities like rain shelter and safer accessibility at points of congestion and intersections  On site relocation for small business enterprise (SBE) is preferred option. They may perceive low business growth at new locations.  Affected people asked about creation of new employment opportunities during road construction and later phases of the project for them  People suggested that adequate safety measures should be provided such as speed breaks, signages etc. near inhabited areas, school and hospitals Based on the finding of the consultation with the various stakeholders and especially with the people living along the project corridor, alternative options has been worked out to reduce the loss of assets and livelihood of the people in project impact zone. The consultation process was continued during the detail design period to minimize the adverse impact. The community perceives that the project will help in increasing road safety, promote more business, better service facilities, and better conveyance and promote local employment opportunities. They consider that it would lead to increase in land rates and smooth traffic. Apprehensions raised by the community include more accidents, houses coming closer to the proposed alignment, increase in noise, agriculture loss, and affect on livelihood. 6.2 PUBLIC HEARING Project passes through 3 districts namely Madhepura, Saharsa and Supaul of Bihar. As per EIA Notification dated 14-9-2006, public hearing has been conducted in the three districts. Notice for Public hearing has been published on 3-3-2013 in daily news paper Hindustan Dainik Jagaran and Prabhat Khabar. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 149 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 150 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Madhepura District The public hearing held on dated 11/04/2013 for Environment Clearance for Rehabilitation and Widening to 2-lane with paved shoulder of NH-106 Birpur to Bihpur (Package-I) in the State of Bihar through the Ministry of Surface and Transport, Government of India at D.R.D.M. Campus, Madhepura under District Madhepura. The information regarding public hearing was published on 3rd March 2013 in daily news papers Hindustan Dainik Jagran and Prabhat Khabar. Public hearing started at 11:00 AM on 11-04-2013 under Chairmanship of Shri Shrawan Kumar Pansari, Deputy Development Commissioner-Madhepura, as representative of DM-Madhepura. The minutes of meeting and its English translation is given below: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 151 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 152 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 153 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar English Translation of Minutes of Public Hearing The public hearing held on dated 11/04/2013 for Environment Clearance for Rehabilitation and Widening to 2-lane with paved shoulder of NH-106 Birpur to Bihpur (Package-I) in the State of Bihar through the Ministry of Surface and Transport, Government of India at D.R.D.M. Campus, Madhepura under District Madhepura. The information regarding public hearing was published on 3rd March 2013 in daily news papers Hindustan Dainik Jagran and Prabhat Khabar. The proceedings of public hearing are as follows: 1. Attendance sheet of the officers and respected peoples present during the meeting. (Enclosure-1) 2. Public hearing started at 11:00 AM on 11-04-2013 under Chairmanship of Shri Shrawan Kumar Pansari, Deputy Development Commissioner-Madhepura, as representative of DM-Madhepura. The representative of Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Shri Nand Kumar- Assistant Environment Engineer, Patna welcomed the officers and peoples present in the public hearing and provide information about mandatory permission for environment clearance and the highway project. He request to them to provide suggestions and reactions in prospect of environment. In presentation he informed that at present the length of highway is 106.800 Km and after up gradation and rehabilitation the length will become 106.00 km. In Madhepura District the length of highway will be 45.03 Km in which 64 culverts, 11 minor bridges, 02 major bridges, 02 bus stands, 4 major junctions and 118 minor junctions are proposed. Environmental Consultant of this project Dr. Mahavir Prasad Saini provided detail information about the project. He informed that the in this project the soil is excavated in such a way that the land can be re used by the land owner. He also informed that if tree cutting is required in the project then compensatory afforestation will be done as per the guideline of IRC SP: 21-2009. The arrangement of water sprinkling will be provided to control the air pollution during road construction. The questions raised and suggestions by respected peoples during public hearing are as follows: 1. Shri Vinod Kumar, Manikpur (Madhepura): - Near Manikpur Railway Crossing there is a temple of Kali Mata which is coming under proposed highway project. In front of this temple after the road there is vacant land so if alignment of the road is shifted there than the temple can be saved. Shri Navin Kumar Singh- Executive Engineer of National Highway informed that there is a Railway Crossing just after this temple, over which a Railway Over Bridge is proposed, the slope of over bridge ends after the temple. So the shifting of alignment on other side is not possible. But as per rule there is provision for shifting of temple and its establishment. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 154 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 2. Mohan Mandal-Representative of Member of Parliament, Madhepura (Supaul): In Singheshwar there is problem of traffic jam. What will be remedial steps taken to resolve the problem? Shri Navin Kumar Singh- Executive Engineer of National Highway informed that there will be a 2-lane road whose width will be 10 m. At present in Singheshwar there is encroachment due to vegetable market and tempo stand. After encroachment removal the problem will not occur. 3. Shri Ashok Kumar Chaudhary, Alamnagar, Madhepura: I am happy that in our area a good road is being constructed, but I want construction of bypass in Singheshwar. The construction of bridge in Project Part-1 has been stopped, it should be restarted. Shri Navin Kumar Singh- Executive Engineer of National Highway informed that on this road tollable traffic is low therefore World Bank is giving loan. We were performed study for the bypass. For bypass construction the agricultural land to be acquired which will cause the increase in the project cost and World Bank is not agreed for this. So the proposal of bypass is not under consideration. The bridge is the part of NH-106, Section-2 whose construction is under consideration which is away from NH-106, Section-1. All the respected people present in the public hearing given their consent to send recommendation for environment clearance permission for 2-lane road widening and rehabilitation project. After getting permission from Shri Shrawan Kumar Pansari, DDC-Madhepura, Sri Nand Kumar of Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Patna after thanks giving announced the concluding of public hearing. (Nand Kumar) (Shrawan Kumar Pansari) A.E. E. DDC, Madhepura Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 155 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Photographs of Public Hearing on 11-4-2013 – District Madhepura Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 156 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 157 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 158 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Saharsa District The public hearing held on dated 12/04/2013 for Environment Clearance permission for Rehabilitation and Widening to 2-lane with paved shoulder of NH-106 Birpur to Bihpur (Package –I) in the State of Bihar Through Ministry of Surface and Transport, Government of India at Panchayat Bhawan, Pastpar, Saharsa under Saharsa District. The information regarding public hearing was published on dated 3rd March 2013 in daily news papers- Hindustan, Dainik Jagran, Prabhat Khabar. Public hearing started at 11:00 AM on dated 12-04-2013 under Chairmanship of Shri Chhathi Lal Prasad, ADM-Saharsa, as representative of DM-Saharsa. The minutes of meeting and its English translation is given below: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 159 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 160 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 161 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar English Translation of Minutes of Public Hearing The public hearing held on dated 12/04/2013 for Environment Clearance permission for Rehabilitation and Widening to 2-lane with paved shoulder of NH-106 Birpur to Bihpur Part-1 in the State of Bihar Through Ministry of Surface and Transport, Government of India at Panchayat Bhawan, Pastpar, Saharsa under Saharsa District. The information regarding public hearing was published on dated 3rd March 2013 in daily news papers- Hindustan, Dainik Jagran, Prabhat Khabar. The proceedings of public hearing are as follows: 1. Attendance sheet of the officers and respected peoples present during the meeting. (Enclosure-1) 2. Public hearing started at 11:00 AM on dated 12-04-2013 under Chairmanship of Shri Chhathi Lal Prasad, ADM-Saharsa, as representative of DM-Saharsa. The representative of Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Shri Nand Kumar- Assistant Environment Engineer, Patna, welcomed the officers and peoples present in the public hearing and provide information about mandatory permission for environment clearance and the highway project. He request to them to provide suggestions and reactions in prospect of environment. In presentation he informed that at present the length of highway is 106.800 Km and after up gradation and rehabilitation the length will become 106.00 km. In Saharsa District the length of highway will be 8.0 Km in which 17 culverts, 03 minor bridges, 01 bus stand and 23 minor junctions are proposed. Environmental Consultant of this project Dr. Mahavir Prasad Saini provided detail information about the project. He informed that the in this project the soil is excavated in such a way that the land can be re used by the land owner. He also informed that if tree cutting is required in the project then compensatory afforestation will be done as per the guideline of IRC SP: 21-2009. The arrangement of water sprinkling will be provided to control the air pollution during road construction. During public hearing the raised questions and suggestions by respected peoples are as follows: 3. Surendra Narayan Yadav, Village- Jalaiya, PO- Pastpar, Saharsa: - We are hearing it from 20 years back but till date the construction work is not started. This highway is busiest road in the Madhepura. So, the construction of this road is urgently required. We all villagers support the construction of this highway project and if any hurdles came then we all try to overcome the hurdle. He also added that there is a road in Sakhua Village whose length is 1.0 Km which is important for this village. He requested to add this road also in the highway project. Shri Navin Kumar Singh- Executive Engineer, NH Division, Madhepura informed that the preparation of DPR for this project is running in full pace. He also informed that Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 162 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar before the construction of the highway it require clearance and permissions form various departments such as permission from Forest Department, Land Acquisition, Shifting of electricity poles, permission from Irrigation Department, permission from Railway Department etc. in which they have got permission from Irrigation Department and Electricity Department and permission from Forest Department, Public Health Engineering Department, Railways are In under process. In land acquisition 3a and 3A is in the serial of publish. And the work of 3D is in progress. For utility shifting tender will be floated soon. You have discussed the 1.0 km long road, which is not the part of this project, so it is not possible to construct that road under this project. All the respected people present in the public hearing given their consent to send recommendation for environment clearance permission for 2-lane road up gradation and rehabilitation project. After getting permission from Shri Chhathi Lal Prasad, ADM-Saharsa, Sri Nand Kumar of Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Patna after thanks giving announced the concluding of public hearing. (Nand Kumar) (Chhathi Lal Prasad) A.E. E. ADM, Saharsa Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 163 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Photographs of Public Hearing on 12-4-2013 – District Saharsa Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 164 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 165 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 166 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Supaul District The public hearing held on dated 13/04/2013 for Environment Clearance for Rehabilitation and Widening to 2-lane with paved shoulder of NH-106 Birpur to Bihpur (Package-1) in the State of Bihar Through Ministry of Surface and Transport, Government of India at T.P.C. Center, Raghopur in Supaul District. The Public Notice regarding public hearing was published on dated 3rd March 2013 in daily news papers- Hindustan, Dainik Jagran, Prabhat Khabar. Public hearing started at 11:00 AM on dated 13-04-2013 under Chairmanship of Shri Ram Vilas Chaudhary, ADM-Disaster Management, Supaul, as representative of DM- Supaul. The minutes of meeting and its English translation is given below: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 167 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 168 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 169 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar English Translation of Minutes of Public Hearing The public hearing held on dated 13/04/2013 for Environment Clearance for Rehabilitation and Widening to 2-lane with paved shoulder of NH-106 Birpur to Bihpur (Package-1) in the State of Bihar Through Ministry of Surface and Transport, Government of India at T.P.C. Center, Raghopur in Supaul District. The Public Notice regarding public hearing was published on dated 3rd March 2013 in daily news papers- Hindustan, Dainik Jagran, Prabhat Khabar. The proceedings of public hearing are as follows: 1. Attendance sheet of the officers and respected peoples present during the meeting. (Enclosure-1) 2. Public hearing started at 11:00 AM on dated 13-04-2013 under Chairmanship of Shri Ram Vilas Chaudhary, ADM-Disaster Management, Supaul, as representative of DM-Supaul. The representative of Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Shri Nand Kumar- Assistant Environment Engineer, Patna welcomed the officers and peoples present in the public hearing and provide information about mandatory permission for environment clearance and the highway project. He request to them to provide suggestions and reactions in prospect of environment. In presentation he informed that at present the length of highway is 106.800 Km and after up gradation and rehabilitation the length will become 106.00 km. In Supaul District the length of highway will be 53.70 Km in which 107 culverts, 13 minor bridges, 02 major bridges, 08 bus stands, 4 major junctions and 92 minor junctions are proposed. Environmental consultant of this project Dr. Mahavir Prasad Saini provided detail information about the project. He informed that in this project the soil is excavated in such a way that the land can be re-used by the land owner. He also informed that, if tree cutting is required in the project then compensatory afforestation will be done as per the guideline of IRC SP: 21-2009. The arrangement of water sprinkling will be provided to control the air pollution during road construction. Questions and suggestions by respected peoples during public hearing are as follows: 3. Mohammad Jamal (Supaul): - This road is an important road in Supaul District, so up gradation of this road is required. 4. Pramod Kumar Mukhiya (Raghopur): At present in Ganpatganj there is a sharp turning where the road is congested which causes accidents everyday at that point. So this curve must be improved and widening of road is required. 5. Shri Hiralal (Simrahi): At present it takes about 3 to 4 hours to go from Simrahi to Birpur and we also face problems by traveling through this road so this road must be constructed. Shri Navin Kumar Singh- Executive Engineer, NH Division, Madhepura informed that in Raghopur where there is a sharp turning, the improvement of curve is proposed in this Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 170 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar proposal to make it straight. In any road for making it straight, 3 -4 options are considered in which one option is selected. To avoid accidents and making traffic smooth the proposal of this project is passed. This project will be beneficial for development in your area. All the respected people present in the public hearing given their consent to send recommendation for environment clearance permission for 2-lane road widening and rehabilitation project. After getting permission from Shri Ram Vilas Choudhary, ADM-Disaster Management, Sri Nand Kumar of Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Patna after thanks giving announced the concluding of public hearing. (Nand Kumar) (Ram Vilas Chaudhary) A.E. E. ADM, Saharsa Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 171 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Photographs of Public Hearing on 13-4-2013 – District Supaul Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 172 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 173 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 174 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 6.3 SAFETY FEATURES IN PROEJCT DESIGN 6.3.1 Preamble The Existing Intermediate/2-lane has been upgraded as per design traffic. The roads have been improved by widening and improving sharp curves. The visibility has been improved with proper road signs and markings. Often improved roads result in fatal accidents. In order to reduce accidents design of project roads has built in safety features. In order to provide safety measures a safety audit was undertaken by the project design team including environmental specialist. The safety audit outcomes have been summarized below in the subsections. 6.3.2 Safety Audit Outcomes Project road stretch has been scanned for safe and efficient movement of traffic (motorized and non motorized traffic) & following deficiencies were recorded in existing Road. i. Deficient Horizontal Curves Following locations in the project section were noted where the horizontal alignment of existing highway found deficient. Table 6.5: Deficient Horizontal Curves Sl. No Existing km Existing Radius (m) 1 2.679 200 2 2.778 200 3 3.447 200 4 8.785 130 5 10.544 130 6 10.72 130 7 16.751 200 8 24.742 90 9 24.907 200 10 32.123 70 11 32.298 50 12 36.1 120 13 38.338 200 14 39.773 120 15 40.286 180 16 43.214 150 17 43.62 80 18 43.79 40 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 175 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Sl. No Existing km Existing Radius (m) 19 44.37 150 20 44.61 120 21 45.067 90 22 45.145 120 23 45.365 90 24 45.472 100 25 46 130 26 46.223 80 27 46.312 130 28 49.812 180 29 50.287 130 30 50.501 180 31 51.59 200 32 52.07 130 33 52.568 150 34 53.031 180 35 61.924 180 36 62.075 150 37 62.54 130 38 62.69 70 39 62.992 70 40 63.117 150 41 64.05 80 42 66.467 100 43 66.666 100 44 66.82 150 45 66.986 180 46 67.09 200 47 68.157 200 48 68.268 200 49 68.457 100 50 69.721 200 51 71.262 150 52 71.646 165 53 72.267 100 54 72.421 150 55 73.267 150 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 176 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Sl. No Existing km Existing Radius (m) 56 74.715 150 57 88.991 200 58 91.927 120 59 99.947 200 60 102.851 150 61 102.968 150 62 103.39 120 63 104.286 150 ii. Deficient Vertical Curve in Project Road At Following locations in existing Highway where the Vertical Geometric of highway does not qualify minimum Sight Distance as per IRC:66-1976 and found deficient. Table 6.6 : Deficient Vertical Curve in Project Road Design Chainage Deficient Observed and Remarks S. No. From To 1 1+164.64 1+167.46 Existing sight distance available is 30m 2 1+181.66 1+210.01 Existing sight distance available is 120m 3 1+250.18 1+279.84 Existing sight distance available is 60m 4 1+280.61 1+309.83 Existing sight distance available is 90m 5 1+310.45 1+334.09 Existing sight distance available is 60m 6 1+362.93 1+394.55 Existing sight distance available is 90m 7 1+394.87 1+407.16 Existing sight distance available is 60m 8 1+407.92 1+436.52 Existing sight distance available is 120m 9 1+479.08 1+490.93 Existing sight distance available is 60m 10 1+548.40 1+556.62 Existing sight distance available is 80m 11 1+601.44 1+603.58 Existing sight distance available is 120m 12 1+663.88 1+666.14 Existing sight distance available is 60m 13 1+678.38 1+711.63 Existing sight distance available is 120m 14 1+711.68 1+713.34 Existing sight distance available is 40m 15 1+713.87 1+733.80 Existing sight distance available is 90m 16 1+734.45 1+758.94 Existing sight distance available is 120m 17 1+857.41 1+858.65 Existing sight distance available is 20m 18 1+891.80 1+893.22 Existing sight distance available is 60m 19 1+930.88 1+964.13 Existing sight distance available is 90m 20 1+964.18 1+965.84 Existing sight distance available is 20m 21 1+967.57 1+992.45 Existing sight distance available is 45m 22 1+992.48 1+993.72 Existing sight distance available is 20m 23 1+994.29 2+015.73 Existing sight distance available is 45m 24 2+016.17 2+033.06 Existing sight distance available is 30m Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 177 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Design Chainage Deficient Observed and Remarks S. No. From To 25 2+033.34 2+044.04 Existing sight distance available is 20m 26 2+044.59 2+065.43 Existing sight distance available is 30m 27 2+066.53 2+108.48 Existing sight distance available is 120m 28 2+166.14 2+192.88 Existing sight distance available is 90m 29 2+193.42 2+213.95 Existing sight distance available is 60m 30 2+214.00 2+216.02 Existing sight distance available is 20m 31 2+216.78 2+245.64 Existing sight distance available is 25m 32 2+245.73 2+248.85 Existing sight distance available is 20m 33 2+358.57 2+392.73 Existing sight distance available is 60m 34 2+393.63 2+405.69 Existing sight distance available is 30m 35 2+413.15 2+413.89 Existing sight distance available is 20m 36 2+414.37 2+432.54 Existing sight distance available is 30m 37 2+432.67 2+437.35 Existing sight distance available is 45m 38 2+500.06 2+502.14 Existing sight distance available is 45m 39 2+506.27 2+534.92 Existing sight distance available is 40m 40 2+534.96 2+536.39 Existing sight distance available is 20m 41 2+557.51 2+587.51 Existing sight distance available is 45m 42 2+638.65 2+656.82 Existing sight distance available is 20m 43 2+673.41 2+703.11 Existing sight distance available is 90m 44 2+772.51 2+822.51 Existing sight distance available is 120m 45 2+838.52 2+840.12 Existing sight distance available is 20m 46 2+841.61 2+898.40 Existing sight distance available is 90m 47 3+015.83 3+046.91 Existing sight distance available is 90m 48 40+804.93 40+864.93 Existing sight distance available is 120m 49 40+866.19 40+913.81 Existing sight distance available is 90m 50 40+930.93 40+990.93 Existing sight distance available is 120m 51 43+375.72 43+427.88 Existing sight distance available is 120m 52 43+516.73 43+549.16 Existing sight distance available is 60m 53 43+549.70 43+570.30 Existing sight distance available is 25m 54 43+570.95 43+595.53 Existing sight distance available is 45m 55 43+596.33 43+626.67 Existing sight distance available is 90m 56 43+626.80 43+631.59 Existing sight distance available is 30m 57 43+631.86 43+642.07 Existing sight distance available is 25m 58 43+642.74 43+668.48 Existing sight distance available is 60m 59 43+668.97 43+687.69 Existing sight distance available is 90m 60 43+756.89 43+791.38 Existing sight distance available is 120m 61 43+805.26 43+827.97 Existing sight distance available is 45m 62 43+828.74 43+857.93 Existing sight distance available is 60m 63 43+896.28 43+910.89 Existing sight distance available is 90m Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 178 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Design Chainage Deficient Observed and Remarks S. No. From To 64 43+978.43 44+008.75 Existing sight distance available is 60m 65 44+023.02 44+061.15 Existing sight distance available is 90m 66 44+061.50 44+074.65 Existing sight distance available is 45m 67 44+075.67 44+114.33 Existing sight distance available is 120m 68 44+149.88 44+159.90 Existing sight distance available is 80m 69 44+161.18 44+209.86 Existing sight distance available is 90m 70 44+214.33 44+223.33 Existing sight distance available is 20m 71 44+228.71 44+261.29 Existing sight distance available is 25m 72 44+265.94 44+281.58 Existing sight distance available is 40m 73 44+293.44 44+338.95 Existing sight distance available is 120m iii. Deficient Plans of Existing Highway Junctions All the major and minor cross roads were directly merge with the main highway (NH-106) without any provisions of speed breaker/rumble strip, proper turning radius and signages and markings. There were 233 minor and 7 existing major junctions along the project stretch which required improvements as per IRC standards. iv. Trees adjacent to existing road crust in project Section Trees adjacent to existing road crust were recorded which are required to be cut coming under toe line of road formation as per following. a. Supual District: - 3487 Nos. b. Madhepura District: - 5413 Nos. c. Saharsa District;-114 nos Total no of tree making hurdle to road for Existing road up gradation: - 9014 nos. v. Electric Poles, Transformers, Telephone Poles lying adjacent to road crust in Project Section Electric Poles, Transformers, Telephone Poles creating Traffic Hazards lying adjacent to road crust in Built-up zone and rural area were recorded. Summary of these roadside obstructions is presented below: One school at Manikpur of Madhepura district is affected due to proposed ROB. Table 6.7: Electric Poles, Transformers, Telephone Poles Sl.No Utility Type Existing To be relocated 1 Telephone pole 221 221 2 Electric pole 1798 1798 3 Transformer 53 53 4 OFC 8 8 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 179 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar vi. Utility shifting The duct for passing the utility services have not been seen by the side of the road neither water nor sewer pipeline. The utility relocations are given in table below: Sl No. LHS / RHS Type existing utility Length / No. 1 Both sides Electrical 1798 2 Both Sides OFC 32 km 3 Both Sides Hand Pump 138 No. vii. Inadequate Road Safety Provision for Road Side Schools and Hospital in the Project Section Existences of 33 Numbers. of roadside Schools and 3 nos Hospital have been noted within 50m of the project road. Table 6.8 Details of Roadside Schools & Hospitals S. No. Design Chainage Side Sensitive Receptors 1 4.600 RHS School 2 8.790 RHS School 3 14.590 RHS School 4 16.520 LHS School 5 17.080 LHS School 6 18.180 RHS School 7 21.000 LHS School 8 21.680 RHS School 9 24.580 RHS School 10 29.300 RHS School 11 29.420 RHS School 12 29.620 LHS School 13 31.200 LHS School 14 32.700 LHS School 15 36.010 RHS School 16 36.900 LHS School 17 44.110 RHS School 18 46.200 RHS School 19 48.300 RHS School 20 49.300 RHS School 21 52.500 RHS School 22 54.300 RHS School 23 54.900 LHS School 24 57.100 RHS School 25 67.410 LHS School 26 68.500 LHS School 27 72.500 RHS School 28 78.020 LHS School 29 78.500 RHS School 30 92.400 RHS School Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 180 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 31 112.500 LHS School 32 117.800 LHS School 33 118.410 LHS School S. Design Chainage Side Sensitive Receptors No. 1 72.420 RHS Hospital 2 83.310 LHS Hospital 3 93.950 RHS Hospital Except for few locations, proper Traffic signage’s (Cautionary, Mandatory and Informatory) as well as Road Marking (Zebra Crossing) found completely missing at these locations. viii Road Side Cultural Properties (Temple, Mosque) in the Project Section During Road Safety Audit total 103 Nos. of roadside Cultural properties (Temple, Mosque) were noted down within 50m of the project road. Majority of them were found adjacent to existing Road within average distance of 2.5m from the existing road edge, creating congestion and obstruction in sight distance for vehicle plying on the highway. Movements of significant no. of pedestrian around the location were also noted. Shifting beyond ROW of these Cultural properties is essential in view of Safety of road users as well as pedestrian moving around. 6.3.3 Addressal of Safety Issues in Design The earlier mentioned safety issues have been given due consideration in project design. The detail of safety features has been presented below: i. Improvement of Deficient Horizontal Curves Following proposal have been finalized as outcome of Road Safety Audit under feasibility stage and Preliminary Project Design. Table 6.9 : Improvement of Deficient Horizontal Curves Sl. Proposed Existin Existing Existing Proposed Improved No Curve No. g km Radius (m) Speed (km/h) Radius (m) Speed (km/h) 1 5 2.679 200 50 240 65 2 6 2.778 200 40 240 65 3 7 3.447 200 50 200 65 4 15 8.785 130 50 200 65 5 19 10.544 130 50 170 65 6 20 10.72 130 65 200 65 7 37 16.751 200 40 240 65 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 181 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Sl. Proposed Existin Existing Existing Proposed Improved No Curve No. g km Radius (m) Speed (km/h) Radius (m) Speed (km/h) 8 59 24.742 90 40 90 50 9 60 24.907 200 50 200 65 10 80 32.123 70 35 170 65 11 81 32.298 50 65 500 80 12 90 36.1 120 40 150 65 13 98 38.338 200 40 240 65 14 106 39.773 120 50 400 80 15 108 40.286 180 50 240 65 16 122 43.214 150 40 150 65 17 - 43.62 80 Realigned and Geometry Straightened 18 123 43.79 40 Realigned and Geometry Straightened 19 124 44.37 150 50 150 65 20 - 44.61 120 Realigned and Geometry Straightened 21 125 45.067 90 65 400 65 22 126 45.145 120 40 150 50 23 127 45.365 90 35 150 50 24 128 45.472 100 35 150 50 25 130 46 130 35 150 50 26 131 46.223 80 65 600 65 27 133 46.312 130 35 150 50 28 143 49.812 180 50 200 65 29 145 50.287 130 50 240 65 30 146 50.501 180 50 240 65 31 149 51.59 200 50 240 65 32 150 52.07 130 65 150 65 33 151 52.568 150 50 170 65 34 152 53.031 180 65 240 65 35 172 61.924 180 50 200 65 36 173 62.075 150 50 200 65 37 176 62.54 130 50 240 65 38 - 62.69 70 Realigned and Geometry Straightened 39 - 62.992 70 Realigned and Geometry Straightened 40 - 63.117 150 Realigned and Geometry Straightened 41 178 64.05 80 Realigned and Geometry Straightened 42 184 66.467 100 40 150 50 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 182 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Sl. Proposed Existin Existing Existing Proposed Improved No Curve No. g km Radius (m) Speed (km/h) Radius (m) Speed (km/h) 43 185 66.666 100 40 150 50 44 186 66.82 150 40 150 40 45 - 66.986 180 Realigned and Geometry Straightened 46 187 67.09 200 50 200 65 47 192 68.157 200 50 240 65 48 193 68.268 200 65 400 65 49 194 68.457 100 80 600 65 50 198 69.721 200 60 360 65 51 205 71.262 150 65 600 65 52 206 71.646 165 80 500 65 53 210 72.267 100 50 240 65 54 211 72.421 150 65 500 65 55 73.267 150 Realigned and Geometry Straightened 56 221 74.715 150 65 600 65 57 254 88.991 200 Realigned and Geometry Straightened 58 261 91.927 120 50 250 65 59 277 99.947 200 100 1200 100 60 283 102.851 150 100 1500 100 61 - 102.968 150 Realigned and Geometry Straightened 62 285 103.39 120 Realigned and Geometry Straightened 63 287 104.286 150 50 150 65 ii. Departure from Standards in Project Section In the following sections, where improvement of the existing road geometrics to the prescribed standards is not possible, the existing road geometrics shall be improved to the extent possible within the given right of way and proper road signs and safety measures have been provided Table 6.10 : Location identified for departure from Standards Stretch Sl. No. Type of deficiency Remarks From To 1 32.0 32.20 Sharp curves GanapatGanj 2 43.5 44.25 Sharp curves Kamalpur 3 63.25 64.05 Sharp curves and Rupouli submersible bridge iii. Improvement of Vertical Geometric Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 183 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 6.11 : Location for improving the deficient Vertical Alignment S. Design Chainage Deficient Observed and Improvement Proposed No From To Remarks Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 1 1+164.64 1+167.46 is 30m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 2 1+181.66 1+210.01 is 120m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 3 1+250.18 1+279.84 is 60m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 4 1+280.61 1+309.83 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 5 1+310.45 1+334.09 is 60m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 6 1+362.93 1+394.55 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 7 1+394.87 1+407.16 is 60m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 8 1+407.92 1+436.52 is 120m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 9 1+479.08 1+490.93 is 60m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 10 1+548.40 1+556.62 is 80m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 11 1+601.44 1+603.58 is 120m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 12 1+663.88 1+666.14 is 60m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 13 1+678.38 1+711.63 is 120m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 14 1+711.68 1+713.34 is 40m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 15 1+713.87 1+733.80 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 16 1+734.45 1+758.94 is 120m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 17 1+857.41 1+858.65 is 20m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 18 1+891.80 1+893.22 is 60m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 19 1+930.88 1+964.13 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 20 1+964.18 1+965.84 is 20m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 21 1+967.57 1+992.45 is 45m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 22 1+992.48 1+993.72 is 20m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 23 1+994.29 2+015.73 is 45m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 24 2+016.17 2+033.06 is 30m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 25 2+033.34 2+044.04 is 20m distance of 180m 26 2+044.59 2+065.43 Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 184 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. Design Chainage Deficient Observed and Improvement Proposed No From To Remarks is 30m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 27 2+066.53 2+108.48 is 120m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 28 2+166.14 2+192.88 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 29 2+193.42 2+213.95 is 60m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 30 2+214.00 2+216.02 is 20m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 31 2+216.78 2+245.64 is 25m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 32 2+245.73 2+248.85 is 20m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 33 2+358.57 2+392.73 is 60m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 34 2+393.63 2+405.69 is 30m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 35 2+413.15 2+413.89 is 20m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 36 2+414.37 2+432.54 is 30m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 37 2+432.67 2+437.35 is 45m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 38 2+500.06 2+502.14 is 45m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 39 2+506.27 2+534.92 is 40m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 40 2+534.96 2+536.39 is 20m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 41 2+557.51 2+587.51 is 45m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 42 2+638.65 2+656.82 is 20m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 43 2+673.41 2+703.11 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 44 2+772.51 2+822.51 is 120m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 45 2+838.52 2+840.12 is 20m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 46 2+841.61 2+898.40 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 47 3+015.83 3+046.91 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 48 40+804.93 40+864.93 is 120m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 49 40+866.19 40+913.81 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 50 40+930.93 40+990.93 is 120m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 51 43+375.72 43+427.88 is 120m distance of 180m 52 43+516.73 43+549.16 Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 185 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. Design Chainage Deficient Observed and Improvement Proposed No From To Remarks is 60m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 53 43+549.70 43+570.30 is 25m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 54 43+570.95 43+595.53 is 45m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 55 43+596.33 43+626.67 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 56 43+626.80 43+631.59 is 30m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 57 43+631.86 43+642.07 is 25m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 58 43+642.74 43+668.48 is 60m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 59 43+668.97 43+687.69 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 60 43+756.89 43+791.38 is 120m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 61 43+805.26 43+827.97 is 45m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 62 43+828.74 43+857.93 is 60m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 63 43+896.28 43+910.89 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 64 43+978.43 44+008.75 is 60m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 65 44+023.02 44+061.15 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 66 44+061.50 44+074.65 is 45m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 67 44+075.67 44+114.33 is 120m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 68 44+149.88 44+159.90 is 80m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 69 44+161.18 44+209.86 is 90m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 70 44+214.33 44+223.33 is 20m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 71 44+228.71 44+261.29 is 25m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 72 44+265.94 44+281.58 is 40m distance of 180m Existing sight distance available Improve to minimum stopping sight 73 44+293.44 44+338.95 is 120m distance of 180m iv. Improvement of Deficient Geometric of Existing Highway Junctions All the 7 existing Major Highway Junction, falling in the project section is proposed for improvement with proper provision of turning Radius, Traffic Island, traffic Signage, Road Marking, pedestrian Guard Rails etc. as per guidelines IRC and MoRT&H Standard Plan for design of Intersection. The detailed plan for improvement for major connecting road junctions is enclosed in the drawing volume. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 186 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar For Minor Road Connecting, it is proposed to allow the Meeting / Crossing of such minor to NH through Small Radius Horizontal Curve duly flared in both directions with proper provision of traffic Signage, Road Marking, Also they are to be provided with approved type of Speed Breakers as per guidelines of IRC-99 in order to reduce the Speed of incoming fast moving vehicle to NH from cross road, thus at least minimizing the chances of Road accident occurred due to Shear negligence. Typical Plan for improvement of Minor connecting Road Junction is enclosed in Drawing Volume. The list of the minor and major junctions is as given in table below List of Major Junctions Sl. No. Location Junction Details 1 0+000 At Bhimnagar (SH) 2 26+200 At Simraha (NH 57 & NH 106 Crossing) 3 45+610 At Pipra (SH 76 & NH 106 Crossing) 4 45+740 At Pipra (SH 76 & NH 106 Crossing) 5 65+900 At Singheswar (SH 66 & NH 106 Crossing) 6 73+000 At Madhepura (NH 107 & NH 106 Crossing) 7 105+700 At UdaKishanganj (SH 58 & NH 106 Crossing) 6.3.4 Other Improvement and Safety provisions in project Section 6.3.4.1 Traffic Signs Proper Traffic signs throughout the whole project stretch along with intersections with other roads and other facility location will be provided for giving proper direction and warning to the driver, as well as direct them the route they want to follow. The traffic signs will be as per IRC Standard as will be of “Retro Reflection Type”. The Summary of proposed traffic Signs in Project section is summarized below: Type of Sr. No. Name No. of Signs sign board 1 Stop sign 2 Mandatory 2 Speed limit 100 kmph 103 Mandatory 3 Speed limit 80 kmph 47 Mandatory 4 Speed limit 65 kmph 81 Mandatory 5 Speed limit 50 kmph 69 Mandatory Advance direction on rotary 6 2 Information sign intersection Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 187 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 7 Advance direction/ destination sign 50 Information sign 8 Bus stop 9 Information sign Compulsory 9 7 Mandatory keep left 10 Cross roads 32 warning 11 Direction sign 105 Information sign 12 Filling station 4 Information sign 13 Giveway 3 Mandatory 14 Horn prohibited 4 Mandatory 15 Hospital 6 Information sign 16 Left hand curve 32 warning Map type 17 16 Information sign advance direction 18 NH route marker sign 3 Information sign NH route marker 19 14 Information sign sign with direction plate One way hazard 20 8 Mandatory marker 21 Over head cable 4 warning 22 Overtaking prohibited 109 Mandatory 23 Pedestrain crossing 45 warning 24 Place identification sign 50 Information sign 25 Police station 3 Information sign 26 Right hand curve 30 warning 27 Road widens 43 warning 28 Round about 17 warning 29 School 48 warning 30 Series of bends 83 warning 31 SH route marker sign 15 Information sign 32 Side road 89 warning 33 Staggered intersection 4 warning Toll booth 34 8 Information sign ahead 35 Y- intersection 2 warning 1147 6.3.4.2 Road Markings and Delineators Road marking (Lane/centre line/edge line/ transverse marking /Zebra Crossing and any other markings) shall be carried out with hot applied thermoplastic paints conforming to ASTM D36/BS-3262 (Part - I) and as per IRC Standard. For Safety of road user during night travel, retro-refectories road delineators have been proposed at identified locations (Approach to Bridge, culverts & structure, speed restricted section, curved sections, built-up section etc. in the project section. Approximate 1523 no are proposed all along the project highway. Informatory Signs, Facility Signs, Direction Signs, Advance Direction / Destination Signs, Route 285 Marker Signs etc. Warning Sign 900 mm. size triangular. 429 Mandatory Sign Circular 600 mm dia. 453 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 188 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Apart from above, for all the trees on highway flanks, retro-refectories plates marking have been proposed for their clear identification during night travel. 6.3.4.3 Speed Breaker Speed breakers have been proposed on the cross road of minor junctions and pair of Rumble Strips have been proposed on the cross road (SH) of the major junctions as well as at locations where there is needs to control speed of traffic to ensure safety. The design of speed breakers shall be as per IRC: 99- 1988. 6.2.4.4 Crash Barrier W-Beam Metal Crash Barrier have been proposed on approaches to Bridges, high embankment Zone where height of embankment is more than 3m and in sharp curve locations. Total 38.96 km (LHS and RHS) length has been identified in the project section for provision of Crash Barrier. 6.2.4.5 Marking of Overtaking sections, Sight Distance, Night Visibility Project road is generally designed for intermediate sight distance. However, overtaking sight distance is not provided in stretches where alignment is constraint and the same is indicated by the using the markings. In stretches where intermediate sight distance is not available stopping sight distance is provided and traffic signs depicting “Overtaking Prohibited” are installed. For the right perception of road widths and distances street lighting is provided in urban areas and in the rural sections delineators and crash barriers with reflectors are provided. Raised Pavement Markers (RPM) are installed at curves, near bridges and intersections to improve the night time visibility. Studs:-To improve the visibility during night studs has been provided at following locations for the safety of road users. Locations of Studs Type of safety Sr. No Locations No devices 1 sharp curves Studs 21040 2 at intersection Studs 600 3 at pedestrian crossings Studs 3272 4 at built-up areas Studs 11256 Total 36168 Overtaking prohibited zones are listed below. No Overtaking Zones Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 189 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Chainage S.No Speed (kmph) From To 1 1+399 1+851 65 2 2+545 2+944 50 3 3+507 3+719 50 4 5+838 6+086 80 5 8+702 9+186 50 6 10+159 10+878 50 7 12+264 12+438 65 8 14+357 15+049 65 9 15+446 16+205 50 10 16+663 16+845 50 11 18+701 18+846 65 12 23+842 23+971 65 13 24+674 24+982 50 14 26+237 26+583 65 15 26+853 27+085 65 16 28+714 29+056 65 17 31+717 33+630 50 18 33+858 34+602 65 19 36+021 36+208 50 20 36+922 37+131 80 21 38+022 38+142 65 22 38+341 40+471 50 23 41+027 42+127 65 24 42+587 43+289 50 25 44+422 44+612 65 26 44+875 45+650 50 27 45+908 46+346 50 28 47+383 47+615 65 29 48+159 48+325 65 30 49+319 49+461 65 31 49+802 50+143 65 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 190 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Chainage S.No Speed (kmph) From To 32 50+860 52+130 50 33 52+347 52+461 65 34 57+219 57+414 65 35 60+825 61+418 50 36 62+442 62+665 80 37 65+335 66+067 50 38 66+657 70+075 65 39 70+291 72+193 50 40 72+543 72+665 50 41 72+908 73+263 50 42 73+672 74+938 50 43 75+327 75+471 50 44 75+704 75+856 65 45 76+083 76+535 50 46 79+028 79+240 65 47 88+545 88+779 65 48 90+780 91+665 50 49 98+240 98+627 50 50 102+689 103+565 50 51 104+056 104+509 65 6.3.4.5 Bus Stop/Bus Bay It has been proposed to provide Bus Stops at locations in semi- urban, urban township on either side falling under this project stretch. There are 10 numbers of existing Bus stops in Package I and 4 numbers in Package II. In addition to existing Bus Stops Bus bays at 10 locations are proposed. The details of Existing and proposed Bus Bays are given below. List of Bus Bays with Bus Shelter Existing Bus Stops Proposed Bus Bays location location (km) Side Village Side Village (km) 8.402 Left Baldarchowk 9.899 Left Ratanpura 10.200 Right Ratanpura 10.200 Right 26.425 Right Simrahi 12.115 Right Dumri Chowk Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 191 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Existing Bus Stops Proposed Bus Bays location location (km) Side Village Side Village (km) 38.548 Left Maheshpur 12.300 Left 40.960 Left Anandpatti 16.298 Left Karzaine 63.545 Right Katton 20.500 Left ( + Jn), RHS Hareerah, LHS 68.130 Right Jitkiya 20.600 Right Pratapganj 85.040 Right Pastpar 25.980 Left Simaria 104.725 Right Uda 86.270 Left (+ Jn) 105.825 Left Kishanganj 86.705 Right 6.3.4.6 Truck Lay-Bye At present there is not much truck traffic in the project road. It is hoped that traffic will increase after improvement of project road. Three number of truck lay byes were proposed at feasibility stage, however as per the discussion held with World Bank on 11th May 2011 only one truck lay bye is proposed at km 106.0 on LHS near Uda Kishanganj, the other two are deleted. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 192 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA /EMP Report of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar CHAPTER-7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The project specific Environment Management plan has been formulated with an aim to avoid, reduce, mitigate, or compensate for adverse environmental impacts/risks and propose enhancement measures. This includes (i) mitigation of potentially adverse impacts (ii) monitoring of impacts and mitigation measures during project implementation and operation (iii) institutional capacity building and training (iv) compliance to statutory requirements (v) integration of EMP with Project planning, design, construction and operation. The environmental management plan highlighting potential impacts, mitigation measures, legislative requirements, time frame and institutional responsibility are given in Table 7.3. 7.2 OTHER MITIGATION PLANS 7.2.1 Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program (IPDP) Social impact assessment study has been undertaken under this technical assistance. Anticipated social risks and its mitigations will be addressed as based on the SIA. The correlated issues (other than specific social issues) have been dealt in the environmental assessment and mitigation plan has been proposed in EMP accordingly. Since there is insignificant indigenous population in the project area, IPDP is not envisaged. 7.2.2 Resettlement Plan Similarly, resettlement plan is being prepared to address issues related to involuntary resettlement. The interlinked concern, which has direct bearing on environment, has also been captured in environmental assessment and mitigation plan. 7.2.3 Emergency Response Plan Assessment of nature, type, and extent of project activities establishes that accidents on paved roads and consequent spillage can be the more frequent emergency. Other emergent situation includes breach in the embankment due to heavy flood, vehicular accidents, and spills. It is suggested to develop a communication and response system to minimize the response time. The project authorities shall be prepared to counteract against such emergency either by developing in-house capabilities or by associating with any competent agency. 7.2.4 Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) The environmental monitoring programme is devised with the following objectives- (i) Evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures and the protection of the ambient environment as per prescribed standards Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 193 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA /EMP Report of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar (ii) Suggest improvements in the management plans, if required (iii) Verify the statutory compliance and community obligations and (iv) Use it as tool to compare the monitored data against the baseline condition collected during the study period and assess the changes in environmental quality in the project area. This will be used as performance indicators for the project. This shall not only help in assessing the change due to the project activities, but also the potential impacts due to project activities. 7.2.5 Performance Indicators and monitoring schedule Physical, biological, and environmental management components identified as of particular significance have been suggested as indicators. A comprehensive monitoring plan for all performance indicators has been prepared for all stages of project and provided as Table 7.4. This includes parameters to be measured, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, detection limits, cost, and responsibility for implementation and supervision. 7.2.6. Reporting Mechanism for Environmental Monitoring Program Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure quality and timely implementation of the works. It is essential to prepare the reporting system such that flow of information from field to the PIC-MoRTH head quarter and to the funding agency i.e. World Bank is at regular intervals. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management Plan are implemented in the project. Before the civil works starts, the environmental engineer of supervision consultant shall devise format for reporting the status and progress of environmental monitoring. Format shall be designed keeping in mind the compliance conditions of environmental clearance and consent to establish also. The duly filled up reporting form shall be submitted by the contractor on monthly basis to supervision consultant except for setting up of temporary facilities which shall be submitted once before start of the road construction works. The report on pollution monitoring for air, noise, soil, and water shall be submitted quarterly as envisaged in the monitoring plan. The accident report is desirable only in case of its occurrence. The supervision consultant after verifying its compliance will send his report to PIU-MoRTH with a copy to MoRTH and World Bank. The Manager (Technical) for Social and Environment will monitor the effectiveness of EMP implementation. The quarterly reports of the management measures will form an integral part of Quarterly Progress Reports that may be submitted to the funding agency. Additional compliance reports to MoEF regional office and SPCB required, as a part of environmental clearance process and consent to establish shall also be prepared and submitted based on these monitoring and reporting formats. 7.2.7. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 194 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA /EMP Report of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar The over-all proposed project implementation structure is depicted in the following diagram. Figure 7.1 Implementation Arrangements for EMP Within the institutional framework proposed for the project, preparation, implementation, supervision and monitoring of environment functions, particularly the Environment Management Plans (EMP), will be carried out at the three levels - national center, state level and the project/community level with an inbuilt mechanism for coordinating activities at all levels. Specific functions will be delegated to the Environmental Experts assigned to the MORTH at the national center (Project Implementation Cell), the National Highways wings of the respective state Public Works Departments (Project Implementation Unit), Construction Supervision Consultants, and the civil works engineering contractors, some Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other local civil society bodies. National Level At the central level, the Project Implementation Cell within the MORTH will serve as a facilitator, overseeing overall responsibilities spanning policy development, fund disbursement, learning coordination and information sharing as well as monitoring and evaluation. Specifically towards managing environmental issues, the PIC will contract a Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 195 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA /EMP Report of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Project Management Consultant (PMC) with a designated Environment Expert who will provide advisory services to the MoRTH’s (PIC) National Level Nodal Environmental Officer. The PMC Environment Officer will support PIC on critical issues and provide up to date guidance and recommendations for effectively managing environment related project activities at the state and project levels. The PMC EO will facilitate cross learning between state PIUs and civil contractors and enhance coordinated reporting on progress with implementation of the EMP. The PMC EO will liaise with the Social and engineering Experts on the PMC to ensure a comprehensive and coordinated approach to the EMPs. State Level For each state, a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will be created in the State (PWD) with a multidisciplinary staff expertise in environment and social safeguards, project management, monitoring and supervision, procurement and fiduciary issues. Institutional structures for the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) may differ relatively to reflect the unique requirements of the state. The Environment and/ Forest Officer (E/FO) designated to the PIU will over-see and coordinate various aspects related to the environment management as envisaged under each sub-project. The E/FO will provide specific guidance on policy and regulatory requirements specific to the state and local setting to the DPR consultants. The E/FO will also provide guidance on the process and steps for obtaining any requisite clearances. The Environment /Forest Officers will support in terms of building PIU team capacity for incorporating environmental concerns in design, implementation and operation of the sub-project. The E/FO will collaborate strongly with counterpart social and engineering specialist on the PIU as well as the Construction Supervision consultant and will report to the Project Management Consultant through the PIC. Where there are multiple subproject roads within one state, separate sub- PIUs will be established within the State PWD to reduce overburdening with implementing multiple sub-projects. Together with the Social Expert on the PIU, the Environment/Forest Officer will:  ensure integration of the EIA and resulting EMP into the sub-project design and implementation plans (contract documents).  monitor implementation of the mitigation measures by the contractors  Assist the engineers at site by providing appropriate environmental advice, and developing/revising environmental mitigation measures for the sub-projects  assist the PIU to carry out participatory consultation during planning, design and implementation of sub-project Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 196 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA /EMP Report of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar  document experiences associated with and lessons learned from environmental mitigation and prepare useful training materials for both internal and external capacity building  prepare regular periodic progress reports on the implementation of the EMP throughout project implementation Project Level Project Level Actual civil works and reconstruction of the project roads will be carried out by the Construction Consultants/Contractors under the direct supervision of Construction The environmental expert on the contractor team will ensure strict compliance with the environmental contractual clauses and will report on progress or challenges to the construction supervisory team. The roles and duties of various agencies responsible for Monitoring have been outlined in Table 7.1. The flow diagram depicting the institutional arrangement for implementation EMP and EMoP has been given as Figure 7.1. 7.2.8 Institutional Capacity Building 7.2.8.1. Training Awareness: To enhance the capacity of officials for effective implementation of proposed mitigation measures and monitoring the resultant effect, as well as create awareness amongst workers and public the trainings and awareness programmes is planned and is given as Table 7.2. The institutions/agencies like regional office of MOEF, SPCB/CPCB, Indian Institute of Technologies can be consulted for such trainings. Independent subject’s experts/consultants (E.g., for the environmental awareness program, impact assessment specialist will be the resource person) can also be the resource persons to impart trainings. These experts /agencies shall be appointed based on specific need for the training. Table 7.1 Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organizations Supervision NH wing, RCD, Bihar Contractor PIU Consultant  Obtain statutory  Obtain permits  Joint verification to  Assist and advise clearances required during be carried out by the PIU in matters required during construction HQ PIU, SC relating to preconstruction stage Contractor Env. environment and stage Manager social matters.  overall project  Overall Supervision  Part of Joint  Joint Verification coordination and of implementation Verification Exercise management of EMP Exercise to be including, PMU through PIU carried out by HQ, CMU, SC for  Environmental supported by SC PIU and Contractor review of EMP monitoring through Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 197 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA /EMP Report of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Supervision NH wing, RCD, Bihar Contractor PIU Consultant  Interaction and  Interaction with Approved for review of EMP Reporting to WB ESDRC, PIU and laboratory. for modification in SC enhancement  Effective  Consent for measures (if implementation of  Contractor’s Env. opening of borrow required) EMP and Officer will be areas, quarry Monitoring of EMP primarily areas, and labour  Supervise responsible for camps and implementation of  Compilation of data implementation supervising its EMP by contractor relating to EMP monitoring. implementation of  Develop good EMP.  Filling of  Keeping records of practices Reporting Format all consents Construction  Advising and and submitting to obtained by guidelines to assist suggesting SC contractor. contractor in corrective implementation of measures to  Monitoring  Compilation of data EMP adhere to time through Approved relating to schedule for agency. implementation of  Conduct implementation of EMP. Consultations  Preparation of EMP. programs with the various plans for  Filling of Summary stakeholders on  Carry out effective Sheets and regular basis to get verification/ implementation of reporting to HQ. first hand supervision EMP as detailed  Approval of plans information on the exercises for out in EMP and prepared by inconvenience implementation of submitting it for contractor caused to EMP with respect approval to SC contractor’s to modification (if  Addressing  Identification of activities such as required) for grievances of local sites for labour noise, debris enhancement community and camps, hot mix disposal etc. measures information plant, batch mix dissemination  Maintain plant, debris through NGOs/ environmental disposal etc CBOs. reporting system Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 198 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA /EMP Report of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 7.2 Training and Awareness Programmes Basis for Costs Estimation S.N Target group Subject(s) Method Time Frame & estimated Training Training Delivery Cost Material Preparation All staffs of Environmental Lectures Before Rs 0.75 Reproduction of Training MoRTH Overview: cum beginning of Lakh Material Rs 20,000 (@ 1 Regional interaction the Rs. 200 per set for 100 Office Environmental implementati sets ) Training Delivery: including PIU Regulations, on of the Honorarium and travel project staff subproject related subproject. cost of the faculty Rs 1.0 involved in provisions of various INR 2.70 lakh (@ 100,000 per implementatio Acts/ Guidelines, EIA Lakhs programme for 1 n of the notification, process programme) Venue and project and and methodology for other facility costs Rs 1.0 Select NGOs. IEE, EMPs lakh with 25 participants in each) 2 Managers Implementation of Workshop Before the Rs 0.75 Lakh -do- EMPs: and Construction (Env) at PIU, Seminars begins INR Supervision Basic features of an 2.70 Lakhs Consultant’s EMP, Planning, Environmental designing and execution of Specialists environmental and Select mitigation and NGOs enhancement measures, monitoring and evaluation of environmental conditions during construction and operation 3 Environmental Environmentally Workshop Before the Rs 1.0 Lakh LS Rs. 2.0 Lakhs officer, design Sound Construction s and Site team, Practices: construction Supervision visits Consultant Clean construction INR 3.0 Construction technology, Lakhs Contractor’ s alternatives materials staff and techniques for construction, Waste Management and minimization in construction, pollution control devices and methods for construction sites and equipment, Environmental clauses in contract documents and their implications, protection of flora and fauna Environmental monitoring during construction Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 199 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA /EMP Report of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Basis for Costs Estimation S.N Target group Subject(s) Method Time Frame & estimated Training Training Delivery Cost Material Preparation 4 PIU and Monitoring Lectures, During initial 0.75 Lakh Reproduction of Training Supervision Environmental Workshop phases of Material Rs 20,000 (@ Consultant, Performance during and site construction Rs. 200 per set for 100 NGOs and Construction: Air, visits persons )Training community Water, Soil and INR 2.5 Delivery: representative Noise, tree survival Lakhs s Monitoring Honorarium and travel requirement and cost of the faculty Rs 0.8 techniques, lakh (@ 50,000 per Evaluation and programme for 2 Review of results, programmes) Venue and Performance other facility costs Rs 1.0 lakh (@ Rs 50000 per Indicators and their programme with applicability, possible corrective actions, 25 participants) reporting requirements and mechanisms 5 -do- Long-term Workshop During Rs 0.75 Lakh Environmental s and Implementat Issues in Project seminars ion of the -do - Management: Subproject Designing and INR 2.50 implementing environmental Lakhs surveys for ambient air, noise, biological and water quality surveys, data storage, retrieval and analysis, contract documents and environmental clauses, risk assessment and management, contingency planning 6 Public Awareness Workshop During Rs 1.5Lakh Material reproduction programmes on s construction includes costs 0.5 lakh ( Rs 50 for /contractors Environmental and initial costs of 1000 sets) Faculty protection and phase 3.0 designing of Lumpsum: Rs 0.5 lakh workers measures being Lakhs awareness implemented by booklets/ Delivery Lumpsum 0.5 MoRTH and their role material lakh (two hours in sustaining the workshops) measures taken including pollution, air pollution, safety, soil conservation and agricultural productivity enhancement. for noise Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 200 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA /EMP Report of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Basis for Costs Estimation S.N Target group Subject(s) Method Time Frame & estimated Training Training Delivery Cost Material Preparation 7 MoRTH Staff, Restoration of sites Lecture/ Before Rs 0.75 Lakh Reproduction of Training Supervision viz. Borrow areas, Presentati Contractor Material Rs 10,000 (@ Consultant, construction Camps, ons Demobilizati Rs.200 per set for 50 Engineering Crushing units, HMP on INR 2.0 persons ) Training Staff of etc. And Reporting Lakhs Delivery: Honorarium and Contractor Formats/ procedure travel cost of the faculty Rs 0.5 Lakh (@ 50,000 per programme for 1 programme)Venue and other facility costs Rs 0.5 lakh ( @ Rs 50000 per programme with 25 participants) Total Rs 19.65 Training lakhs Costs 7.2.8.2 Management System: It is proposed to develop standard environmental guidelines for impact assessment, management plan, and monitoring. It is recommended to develop an Environmental Management and Reporting Systems following international standards like ISO 14001. 7.2.9 Grievance Redressal Mechanism The concern/grievances from local/affected people may come up related to inappropriate implementation of various components of EMP. These issues can be easily addressed through acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. To resolve grievance from public or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, it will be assessed if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days by the concerned PIU in consultation with field officer. In case the PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to the Social and Environmental Cell, at MoRTH and World Bank. The corrective action will be started as per the response or action plan indicated to the stakeholder. The outcome shall also form part of quarterly report to WB. 7.2.10 Conclusions and Recommendations  Environmental Assessment of the subproject ascertains that the project is not likely to cause significant environmental impacts. Most of the impacts are localized and temporary in nature and can be mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts except due to land acquisition. The project received immense support from local people with some concern and apprehension related to compensation for land and structures.  The alignment does not pass through or located nearby any National Park, Wild life Sanctuary or any other ecologically sensitive or protected areas. No Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 201 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA /EMP Report of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar archaeological/protected monument is located in the project vicinity. The land use pattern around the alignment is predominantly agricultural.  The significant impact during construction is mainly associated with minor increase in dust borne air pollution, increased noise level, nuisance due to movement and operation of vehicles, establishment of temporary facilities, hindrance in accessibility to common property resources etc.  Environmental screening and assessment of likely impacts, the project has been categorized as Category ‘A’. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimizing the environmental impact to acceptable level. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage. However, the executing agency with co-ordination with other departments shall make all efforts to encounter the impact due to recurring flood in the region and keep vigil on any adverse impact on environment due to construction of the subproject highway.  Borrow area shall be rehabilitated as per EMP. IRC: 10-1961: guidelines shall be followed regarding identification; use and rehabilitation of borrow area.  The compensatory afforestation should be undertaken at 1:3 bases in close consultation with forest department. Roadside plantation should be done as per IRC specifications. Additional plantation should be done at river banks especially at major bridge locations, proposed river training sites.  Soil erosion along embankment slope, river banks, bridge sites and river training structures shall be checked through measures suggested in IEE. These measures coupled with silt fencing/brush barrier etc will also help to minimize siltation of water bodies though required at only few locations since most of the water bodies are seasonal in nature.  Corridor specific measures to curb emission include maintaining good road conditions, improved traffic regulations, and roadside plantation with pollutant absorbent species is recommended.  Key suggested measures to avoid increased noise level during construction are provision of temporary noise barriers and regulating construction timings near sensitive locations. Operation stage mitigation includes multilayered plantation and restricting honking near sensitive areas, maintaining good road conditions and congestion free traffic movement.  Sitting and management of temporary construction facilities i.e. construction camp, workers camp, hot mix plant, batching plant, dumping sites, stone crusher etc. shall be done in environmentally accepted manner as mentioned in IEE. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 202 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder EIA /EMP Report of Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar  Dismantled material shall be reused to the extent possible. Leftover debris shall be disposed off in environmentally acceptable method and at designated sites.  Risk involved with accidents, community & occupational health safety should be mitigated as per measures provided in IEE. A proper traffic management plan shall be in place well before start of the construction.  Access to community structures/resources shall not get affected during any stage of the project Environmental Management Plan Matrix is given in Table 7.3 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 203 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 7.3 : Environnemental Management Plan Matrix Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE Pre-construction activities by Project Implementation Unit-Bihar Public Works Department P1 Land Acquisition Total 20.3288 ha land is proposed to be acquired. The National Highway PIU/PWD, PIC/MoRTH, acquisition of land and properties Govt. 3.7552 /private - Act 1956 and its Revenue Dept., 16.57) will be carried out in accordance with the Amendments; SMF and NGOs, Collaborating Rehabilitation Action Plan and the entitlement framework RAP document Agencies for the project. of NHIIP. The PIC has to ascertain that any environmental impacts resulting from additional acquisition of land shall be addressed and integrated into the EMP and other relevant contract documents. P2 EMP All R & R activities will be undertaken in accordance with SMF and RAP PIU/PWD, PIC/MoRTH, Preparation of the RAP document. It will be ensured that all R&R document of NHIIP. Revenue Dept., District Collectors Resettlement activities including preparation and implementation of NGOs, Collaborating Sites environmental management plan for such site/s are Agencies completed before the construction activity starts on any section of ROW of existing/proposed road including bypasses. The concerned community was consulted for resettlement; the project affected households want to resettle on their own in the same community. Hence no site is selected for resettlement. P3 Tree Cutting Tree cutting is to proceed only after all the legal Forest Act, 1927; PIU/PWD, Forest PIC/MoRTH, Site requirements including attaining of in-principle and formal MoRTH 201.2; Dept.,/Tree Felling Engineer clearances from the Forest Dept. /MoEF are obtained by Contractor /Supervision PIU/PWD. In case of plantation outside forest areas, a Consultant joint enumeration of the trees to be cut shall be conducted by the PIU/ PWD in association with Rajasthan Forest Department, GoB. Subsequent approval orders shall be obtained from the concerned Divisional Forest Officers to fell the trees in compliance with the Forest Act, 1927 and Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. The tree felling operations will Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 204 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring be carried out by Forest Department. No construction activity and tree felling can be taken up in any location of the protected forest under contract package, (127.20 Ha road side plantation) which has not been cleared by the MoEF, Govt. of India. In all around, 9024 trees have been identified for cutting after design finalization. Details can be referred in Annexure 4.6. This doesn’t include trees on private properties, which are proposed to be acquired for the project. The records shall be updated by the PIU as these figures are available upon completion of joint enumeration exercises for such sites. Activities pertaining to tree felling, logging, stacking of fire wood and passing of timber and removal are to be synchronized and removal of the converted materials shall be taken up by the responsible agencies as per tree cutting and removal rules as or as specified by the Competent Authority. Tree cutting should not be carried out simultaneously all along the corridor as this will adversely impact the traffic movement and road safety. It should be carried out on priority basis at locations of diversions, bridge and culvert construction, and such other places where the construction work is scheduled to be started early i.e. is under milestone one stretch as identified in the Contract Package. All workers involved in the cutting and removal of trees and demolition of structures shall wear safety helmets, gloves, and protective shoes and shall provided with a batch of first aid facility for attending to basic unforeseen and freak accidents. Emergency numbers and details of nearest hospitals shall be identified during work in each stretch of the road corridor and this information shall be with the Site Supervisor. On the spot records shall be maintained for all trees felled and logs, fire wood, stacks, obtained from such trees in Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 205 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring the conversion register, which shall be available for verification by any competent supervising authority of the Forest Department, PIU/PWD and SC. No sooner the trees are felled, the same has to be kept under watch and ward by the felling agency and steps taken for its authentication by ‘passing’ carried out at stump site. P.4 Relocation of There are 138 hand pumps, 1798 electric poles, 221 EIA/EMP and RAP PIU/PWD; PIC/MoRTH, Community Utilities telephone poles 53 transformers and 8 OFC are to be document of NHIIP. Concerned Site and Common relocated before commencement of the road Agencies/Departments; Engineer/Supervi Property improvement activities. All community utilities and Contractor sion Consultant Resources common property resources such as stand posts, bore wells, wells, ponds, water supply lines, toilets, sewage lines, drainage systems, optical fiber cables, electric power supply lines, transformers, irrigation pump houses, telephone and television cables shall have to be relocated and restored before the commencement of the road improvement activity. The fittings/pipes that can be re- utilized shall be salvaged and reused. While relocating these utilities and facilities, all concerned agencies including PIU shall take necessary pre-cautions and provide for barricading/delineation of such sites to prevent accidents including accidental fall into bore holes, pits, drains both during demolition and construction/ relocation of such facilities. Standard safety practices shall be adopted for all such works. Early completion of works for schools, colleges and health centres including shifting of gates and construction of boundary walls will be planned during holidays so that the risk of accidents and disturbance to day-to-day activity of such institutions is minimized. The schools and health centers will be constructed as per the relevant state norms. In case of govt. buildings, staff quarters, weekly and kisan markets, proper planning and extra care has to be taken to prevent unusual hardship to public on account of demolition/discontinuance of Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 206 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring functioning of such facilities along with provision of appropriate safety measures during the construction /relocation process. Relocation sites for all CPRs shall be selected in consultation with concerned communities, local administrative authorities/departments and the gram sabha. Environmental considerations with suitable/required actions including health and hygiene aspects will be kept in mind while relocating all community utilities and resources. The PIU/PWD will relocate these properties in consultation and written agreement with the agency/ owner/community prior to initiation of any type of construction work/activity in such stretches. This includes construction of boundary walls, shifting of entrance gates and other protection works, specifically at school, college and health centre sites. Proper placement (as per codes) of passenger shelters/bus stops will be ensured to prevent distress to the commuters and passengers. The dismantled bore wells, wells and tap points shall be properly packed and sealed so that no external water or pollutants can enter such openings. Details of all such properties are provided in Annexure 4.8 P.5 Relocation of All religious structures, statues (idols), mandaps and EIA/EMP Annexure PIU/PWD; PIC/MoRTH Affected Cultural boundaries coming within the corridor of impact will be 5.1 (b); RAP document NGOs; Site Engineer and Religious relocated after alternative sites are selected for relocation of NHIIP Contractor; /Supervision Properties of these structures in consultation with the concerned Concerned Consultant communities, management committee/trust/endowment Community authority and after disbursement of the due payments are made or construction is taken up and completed by the PIU/Contractor as per the design and specification approved by the community /endowment. No cultural properties or religious structures shall be removed or relocated without the knowledge and written consent of the concerned parties or communities and local Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 207 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring administration as the case may be. Sites for the relocation of these religious structures will be identified in accordance with the choice of the community. The NGO and PIU in consultation with local people will finalize design of these temples. As far as possible, the architectural elements of the structure should be conserved/reflected/translated into the design of new structures in accordance with wishes of the community. The relocation of such properties must be completed before commencement of any physical road improvement activity. Proper drainage and garbage disposal at such sites will be ensured to prevent unhygienic conditions, blocking of drains etc. at/near relocated structures. Garbage collection bins, soaks pits or other appropriate measures will be provided apart from simple enhancement of such sites. P.6 Orientation of The PIU/MoRTH shall organize orientation sessions Training Plan Environmental Environmental Implementing during all stages of the project. This shall include on-site Table 7.2 Officer of PIU, Coordinator of Agencies training (general as well as specific to the context of this Environmental PIC/MoRTH, subproject) as well. Coordinator of PIC/MoRTH, These sessions shall involve concerned division-level staff Site of the PIU/PWD involved in this sub-project, Staff of the Engineer/Supervision Site Engineer/ Supervision Consultant and the Consultant implementing agencies. Refer details in Table 7.2. Pre-construction activities by the Contractor/Environmental Officer of the Site Engineer/Supervision Consultant (SC) P.7 Field Verification and Modification of the Contract Documents P.7.1 Joint Field The Environmental Officer of Supervision Consultant and Contractor; PIU/PWD Verification the Contractor will carry out joint field verification to Environmental Officer ascertain the possibility to saving trees, environmental and of SC community resources wherever such representations or suggestions in writing have been received and forwarded by the project authority or by the site engineer in accordance with the local situations. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 208 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring In all such cases the interested organization/ representatives, authority, expert (as required for a specific situation), executing and supervising agencies together with the local administrative set-up has to undertake a joint field verification for assessing the pros and cons of such demands/suggestions to assess the need for any changes in the design and implementation plan for the activities earlier approved by the project authority. The complaints/suggestions together with the observations and expert opinion of the joint verification team containing the need for additional protection measures or changes in design/scale/nature of protection measures including the efficacy of enhancement measures suggested in the EMP shall be summarized in a written document containing all the details with date, time, place and signature of the individuals involved and this shall be sent to the Environmental Officer (EO) of PIU/PWD for approval. The PIU shall maintain proper documentation and justifications/reasons in all such cases where deviation from the original EMP is proposed. P.7.2 Assessment of The Environmental Officer of SC will assess impacts and EMF, EA/EMP Contractor; PIU/PWD Impacts due to revise/modify the EMP in consultation with the PIU/PWD Document of NHIIP Environmental Changes/ in accordance to the recommendation made by the field Officer of SC Revisions in the survey party in the event of changes /revisions (including Project Work addition or deletion) in the project’s scope of work. P.8 Crushers, Hot-mix Hot-mix and batching plants will be located preferably 500 MoRTH 111.1; Contractor Environmental Plants and Batching mts. away (min. aerial distance clearance should be 500 Air Pollution Control Officer of SC ; Plants Location mts. with BSPCP norms) from settlements, wildlife Act; Noise Rules; PIU/PWD movement areas and commercial establishments, EMF & EIA/EMP preferably in the downwind direction. No plants can be set- document of NHIIP up within 500mts. from the following locations:  Bhimnagar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 209 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring  Lalpur  Kataya  Bhim-Puranvas  Raniganj  Shivnagar  Samda  Panch Pariya  Bolder Chowk  Bhagwanpur  Ratanpura  Vassi  Karzine  Mansapur  Faki Rana  Motipur  Parsarma  Simrahi (Raghopur)  Chakala  Hazitala  Ganpatganj  Dobhitala  Chikanpatti  Kisanchowk  Satkoderyia  Sarhochiya  Mahespur  Anodpatti  Cuting Chowk  Vishanpur  Kamalpur  Pipra  Teharhai  Amha  Amhasaifan  Shyamnagar  Kamargama  Sirsiya  Barhari Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 210 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring  Jajhat Dandhari  Thruai  Barbana  Budhawe  Katton  Singheswar  Jitkiya  Saballa  Durgachowk  Madhepura  Bustand (Madhepura)  Mapura  Mankipur  Bar Rahi  Madhuban  Saballa  Sakhua  Pastpar  Lahona  Jirwa  Turkohi  Arar  Vishupur Arar)  Dudhela  Shahpur  Goalpara  Valuahi  Tilahti  Sahalari  Uda  Haraili  Udakishanganj The Contractor shall submit a detailed layout plan for all such sites and seek prior approval of Environmental Officer of SC before entering into formal agreement with a land owner for setting-up such sites. Actions by SC and PIU/PWD against any non-compliance shall be borne by the Contractor at his own cost. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 211 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring Arrangements to minimize dust pollution through provision of windscreens, mist spray units, and dust encapsulation will have to be provided at all such sites. Specifications of crushers, hot mix plants and batching plants should have to comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislations and Consent / NOC for all such plants shall be submitted to the SC and PIU/PWD. No such installation by the Contractor shall be allowed till all the required legal clearances are obtained from the competent authority and the same is submitted to the PIU/PWD and the SC. P.9 Other Construction All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured for Air Pollution Control Contractor Environmental Vehicles, Equipment construction will confirm to the relevant Bureau of Indian Act, 1981; Noise Officer of SC ; and Standard (BIS) norms. The discharge standards Rules; Motor EO of PIU/PWD Machinery promulgated under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 will Vehicle Act, 1988; be strictly adhered to. EMF & EIA/EMP document of NHIIP Efficient and environment friendly equipment confirming to the latest noise and effluent emission control measures available in the market should be used in the project. The Contractor shall maintain a record of PUC for all vehicles and machinery used during the contract period, which shall be produced to the PIU/PWD and the Supervision Consultant for verification whenever required. P.10 Identification and Selection of Material Sources P.10.1 Borrow Areas 17 borrow pits have been identified in the entire length of IRC Guidelines; Contractor Supervision the project road. Finalizing borrows areas for borrowing Borrow Area Consultant; EO of earth and all logistic arrangements as well as compliance Management PIU/PWD to environmental requirements, as applicable, will be the Framework given in sole responsibility of the Contractor. Locations finalized by the EMF of NHIIP the Contractor shall be reported to the Environmental Officer of SC and who will in turn report to PIU/PWD. Format for reporting will be as per the Reporting Format for Borrow Area and will include Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 212 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring a reference map and proposed rehabilitation plan. The Environmental Officer of the SC will be required to inspect every borrow area location and evaluate such proposals in accordance to environmental requirements prior to issuing approval for use of such sites. No borrow areas shall be opened within 500mts. From wildlife movement zones and forest areas. The borrow areas shall be at least 300mts. from schools and village access roads. The Contractor will not start borrowing earth from the selected borrow area until a formal agreement is signed between land owner and Contractor and a copy of this agreement is submitted to the Environmental Officer of the SC. The Supervision Consultant shall report these facts to the PIU/PWD with remarks in the prescribed format along with documentary proofs. Planning of haul roads for accessing borrow materials will be undertaken by the Contractor and these details will be provided in the format given (Annexure 7.1) in the EIA/EMP. The haul roads shall be routed to avoid agricultural areas as far as possible and will use the existing village roads wherever available. In case such agricultural land is disturbed, the Contractor will rehabilitate it as per Borrow Area Rehabilitation Framework given in this EMP or as approved by the Environmental Officer of SC. Haul roads shall be maintained throughout the operation period of the borrow areas by undertaking the required maintenance and repair works, which may include strengthening, pot hole repairing and diversions. Improvements shall be done to reduce inconvenience to users of these roads, residents living along the haul roads and minimize air and water pollution. Such measures will include, but not limited to, frequent sprinkling of water, repairing of the road, road safety provisions (warning and informatory signage, flagmen etc.), and ensuring covering of loaded vehicles by waterproof tarpaulin and consultation with public and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 213 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring special precautions required near schools, health centers and settlement areas. All borrow areas whether in private, community or govt. land shall be restored either to the original condition or as per the approved rehabilitation plan immediately upon completion of the use of such a source. The Contractor shall plan and ensure rehabilitation work in such a manner that it is completed prior to the rainy season. Action against non-compliance in this regard shall be the sole responsibility of the Contractor and shall be made good at his own cost. Substantial completion or completion certificates for the civil work shall not be issued unless restoration and rehabilitation works are completed and the same has been approved by the SC and the PIU/PWD in writing. P.10.2 Quarry Contractor will finalize the quarry for procurement of MoRTH 111.3; Contractor Supervision construction materials after assessment of the availability Quarry Area Consultant; of sufficient materials and other logistical arrangements. Management PIU/PWD However existing quarries that are identified in Itari in Framework given in Nepal, Mirza Chowk, Sahabganj, Pakur, Bhagalpur and the EMF of NHIIP Lakhi Sarai. Sources are about 50 to 350 km away from the project site. The Contractor will procure necessary legal permission for quarry opening and operation from Directorate of Mines, GoB; District Administration; BSPCB and will obtain written approval from the local Circle Officer. A copy of such approval along with the rehabilitation plan shall be submitted to the PIU/PWD and Environmental Officer of Supervision Consultant. Format on quarry/ crushers along with the required maps showing site details and haul road network shall be submitted to PIU/PWD through the Environmental Officer of SC prior to initiating and operation of quarry sites for the project. No quarries or crusher units for this contract package shall be established within 500mtrs. from the following locations: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 214 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring  Bhimnagar  Lalpur  Kataya  Bhim-Puranvas  Raniganj  Shivnagar  Samda  Panch Pariya  Bolder Chowk  Bhagwanpur  Ratanpura  Vassi  Karzine  Mansapur  Faki Rana  Motipur  Parsarma  Simrahi (Raghopur)  Chakala  Hazitala  Ganpatganj  Dobhitala  Chikanpatti  Kisanchowk  Satkoderyia  Sarhochiya  Mahespur  Anodpatti  Cuting Chowk  Vishanpur  Kamalpur  Pipra  Teharhai  Amha  Amhasaifan  Shyamnagar  Kamargama  Sirsiya Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 215 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring  Barhari  Jajhat Dandhari  Thruai  Barbana  Budhawe  Katton  Singheswar  Jitkiya  Saballa  Durgachowk  Madhepura  Bustand (Madhepura)  Mapura  Mankipur  Bar Rahi  Madhuban  Saballa  Sakhua  Pastpar  Lahona  Jirwa  Turkohi  Arar  Vishupur Arar)  Dudhela  Shahpur  Goalpara  Valuahi  Tilahti  Sahalari  Uda  Haraili  Udakishanganj Contractor will also work out haulage road network and report to Environmental Officer of Supervision Consultant who shall inspect and in turn report to PIU/PWD on the suitability of such haul roads from safety of residents, biodiversity and other environment point of views. All Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 216 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring precautions for preventing accidents, spillage of materials and pollution, as mentioned in P.10.1 shall be adhered to by the Contractor. P.10.3 Sand Quality sand can be procured from riverbeds of River MoRTH 111.3; Contractor Supervision (all river and Sone which is free from silt and other impurities as per the Bihar Minor Consultant; stream beds locations indicated above. This procurement shall be Mineral Concession EMU of used directly or made only after declaration of sand quarry sites by the Rules, 1986 PMU/OWD indirectly for the local Circle Officer the concurrence of the concerned amended 2011 project) District Collector with due regard to Rajasthan Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1986 and regulation regarding protection of river basins by Irrigation department. In case of selection of new sites for sand quarrying, the Contractor shall obtain prior approval and concurrence from Competent District Authority and the Environment Officer of the SC keeping in view the objections and convenience of the local population, who may restrain such activities for their own security and safety. Where the supplier of sand is another party, the authentic copy of lease agreement that has been executed between the local circle officer and the supplier has to be submitted to SC and PIU/PWD Executive Engineer of the project before any procurement is made from such a site. P.10.4 Arrangement To avoid disruption/disturbance to other water users, the for Construction Contractor will extract water from fixed locations and Water consult the Environmental Officer of SC before finalizing the locations. The Contractor will provide a list of locations and type of sources from where water for construction will be used to the SC and the PIU/PWD. All efforts shall be made to ensure avoidance of competitive use of a single water source, which may be depleted on account of the stress caused by drawing of water for road construction activity by the Contractor. The Contractor should use surface water depending on the availability and quality by developing its own water storage units in a river bed during sand quarrying or by developing pond during borrowing earth from where water can be lifted using diesel or electric pump sets. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 217 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring In case of nalas and water scarcity areas, the possibility/ permission for sinking of bore wells adjacent to nalas and streams may be examined, such that while the water requirement for the road construction activity is met, these structures when abandoned will serve as a ground water recharge after suitable modification. Use of ground water facility shall be subject to the local legislation; ground water availability in the area and the granting of necessary permission by the Competent Authority as declared by the State Govt. The Contractor shall pay the royalty for use of such water as decided by the State Govt. under relevant norms. A copy of the permission obtained from the Competent Authority shall be submitted to Supervision Consultant and PIU/PWD prior to initiation of construction activity. Use of any other water source such as irrigation canals, ponds, water harvesting structures and river/stream, which is likely to strain and deplete availability for surrounding and downstream inhabitants will not be allowed. Contractor can use ponds, which are not in use by the community/wildlife or have been identified for filling-in for the proposed works, but in such a case, he will obtain a written consent from the owner and submit this to the SC. P.11 Labor Requirements The Contractor preferably will use unskilled labor drawn General Conditions Contractor Supervision from local areas to provide maximum benefit to the local of the Contract Consultant; community especially to the SC and ST population along Document PIU/PWD the corridor. P.12 Construction Construction camps will not be proposed within 500meters Framework for Contractor Supervision Camp from the nearest settlement to avoid conflicts and stress Construction Consultant; Locations – on the local infrastructure facilities resources. Stock piling Camps; General PIU/PWD Selection, of construction materials and go downs shall be at least Conditions of Design and 500meters from the nearest water source. These are to be Contract Document Lay-out located on higher ground to avoid impact during floods due to pollution or due to any accidental spillage of stored /stockpiled materials. All location and lay-out plans of such sites will be submitted by the Contractor prior to their establishment and will be approved by the Environmental Officer of SC Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 218 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Reference Responsibility Environmental S. No. Management Measures Execution Supervision/M Issue Civil Work onitoring and PIU/PWD. Other conditions laid out in the Framework for Construction Camps (part of this EMP) shall apply. The waste disposal and sewage treatment shall be such that the environment is not polluted with the waste material and foul odour including the effluents and wastewater generated at the campsite. The designing and setting up of these structures should be as per the approved site plan. This should include soak pits, septic tanks and arrangements for carriage of extra sewage by sealed mechanized containers for disposal at designated sites, as available in the locality, with due written permission from the Competent Local Authority. In case of non-receipt of any such permission from the competent authority as stated above, the provision of wider safety tanks and storage facility for garbage has to be made at the camp site as additional measures. P.13 Arrangements The Contractor will carry out negotiations with the Contract Document Contractor Supervision for Temporary landowners for obtaining their consent for temporary use Consultant; Land of their lands for haulage roads, approach roads, PIU/PWD Requirement temporary diversions; stockpiling of bulk construction materials; establishment of camps, hot-mix plants, batching plants and crusher units with proper agreement, detailing the terms and conditions agreed between both the parties. This needs to include conditions governing activities to be ensured during the construction stage and at the time of decommissioning of the project. The agreement must contain the details of the land involved with relevant records of ownership. A copy of such agreement/s (use and clean-up operations) shall have to be submitted to the Supervision Consultant and PIU/PWD. P.14 Orientation of The PIU/PWD shall organize orientation sessions during Training Plan Table PIU/PWD, PIU/PWD Implementing all stages of the Project. This shall include on-site training 7.2 – Chapter 7 Site Agencies (general as well as specific to the context of this Engineer/ Supervision subproject) as well. Consultant These sessions shall involve staff of the Site Engineer/Supervision Consultant and the contractor/s. Refer details in Table 7.2. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 219 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 7.4 : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Construction Stage Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring Activities to be Carried Out by the Contractor C.1 Site Clearance C.1.1 Clearing and Grubbing Site clearance including clearance of marked trees for felling and MoRTH 201.2 Forest Dept./ Supervision removal has to be carried out much before the actual road Contractor Consultant ; construction takes place. PIU/RCD Structures and utilities (cabins, commercial properties, hoardings, overhead power transmission lines, cable connections, telephone lines, bore wells, stand posts, wells, statues, temples etc.) should have been compensated/relocated as per RAP and EMP provisions before tree felling work and clearing or grubbing activities are undertaken since such activities may damage structures (private and govt.) and essential facilities/utilities of public use. All works shall be carried out in a manner such that the damage or disruption to flora is minimum. Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works will be removed with prior approval from Environmental Officer of SC. Any tree up to 30cm girth at breast height shall be uprooted mechanically with ball of earth intact for relocation and transplantation at various degraded sites, embankment of water body, ponds, temples, market places, schools and along road corridors for preventing complete loss of such vegetative cover. The Contractor, under any circumstances will not cut or damage trees. Vegetation above 30 cm girth will be considered as trees and can be compensated, in the event of PIU/ RCD’s written instruction to undertake tree cutting. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 220 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring C.1.2 Generation of Debris Debris generated due to the dismantling of the existing road will be Framework for Contractor Supervision from suitably reused in the proposed construction as follows: Waste Consultant; dismantling structures Management PIU/ RCD and road surface  Eighty percent of the sub-grade excavated from the existing (EMF of NHIIP); road surface, excluding the scarified layer of bitumen, shall be Guidelines of reused in the civil works after improving the soil below the sub- Bihar State grade through addition of sand and suitable cementing Pollution Control material for qualitative up-gradation. The balance shall be Board. used to raise the diversions and haulage roads to desired level, raise the embankments of drainage systems those are to reconstructed on account of expansion of the road, repair of pot holes, filling up of ditches and depressions along the corridor to prevent water logging, raising the earthen mounds at each 5th km nearer to habitations to serve as flood and cyclone shelters as well as recreations areas through plantations of medicinal and religious trees and development of utility centers on abandoned roads to make it more pliable and wide.  The dismantled scraps of bitumen will be utilized for the paving of cross roads, access roads and paving works in construction sites and campus, temporary traffic diversions, haulage routes, parking areas along the corridor or in any other manner approved by the Environmental Officer of SC.  At locations identified for disposal of residual bituminous wastes, the disposal will be carried out over a 60 mm thick layer of rammed clay so as to eliminate the possibility of leaching of wastes into the ground water.  The Contractor will suitably dispose off unutilized non-toxic debris either through filling up of borrows areas located in wasteland or at pre-designated disposal sites, subject to the approval of the Environmental Officer of SC.  Debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities along the rivers and streams drainage channels shall be carefully disposed in such a manner that it does not flow into the surface water bodies or form puddles in the area. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 221 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring The pre-designated disposal locations will be a part of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be prepared by Contractor in consultation and with approval of Environmental Officer of SC and approval local competent authority. All arrangements for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance, dismantling and clearing debris, considered incidental to the work, will be planned and implemented by the Contractor as approved and directed by the Environmental Officer of SC and PIU/ RCD. All disposal sites shall be identified by the Contractor and a rehabilitation plan (including details about pollution prevention and safety measures) for each such site shall be submitted in the approved format. These shall be verified and approved by the Environmental Officer of SC in consultation with the Local Competent Authority after joint site visits, prior to disposal of any debris or waste materials. The Contractor shall then enter into an agreement with the concerned land owner/s and a copy of this document shall be submitted to PIU/ RCD through Environmental Officer of SC. C.1.3 Other Construction The pre-identified disposal locations will be a part of Framework for Contractor Supervision Wastes Disposal Comprehensive Waste Disposal & Solid Waste Management Plan Waste Consultant; including Fly Ash to be prepared by the Contractor, which needs to be approved by Management PIU/ RCD the Environmental Officer of SC (as per the process described in (EMF of NHIIP); C.1.2). Disposal sites will be finalized prior to initiation of any work Guidelines of on a particular section of the road. Bihar State Pollution Control Contractor will ensure that any spoils/materials unsuitable for Board embankment fill shall not be disposed off near any water course; water body; agricultural land; natural habitats like grass lands, wet lands, flood plains, forests etc.; pastures; eroded slopes; and in ditches, which may pollute the surrounding including water sources. Such spoils from excavation can be used to reclaim borrow pits and filling-up of depressions which are not connected to any water source in the locality nor under use by the local people. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 222 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring Surplus fly ash, bottom ash and lime, if any transported for use on this corridor shall not be left open and dumped at any disposal site. Contractor shall take care of such residual materials for use at any other location/s of new embankment construction work with proper protection measures. The re-use and disposal of debris from diversions shall be the responsibility of the Contractor, which includes rehabilitation and restoration of such sites. These quantities also need to be reflected in the Solid Waste Disposal Plan. Non-bituminous wastes other than fly ash may be dumped in borrow pits (preferably located in barren lands) where such borrow pits are not suitable to develop as an economic source like pisci- culture or a source of irrigation. Such borrow pits can be filled up with non-bitumen wastes and then covered with a minimum 30cm layer of the soil, where plantation of trees and shrubs will be taken- up by the Contractor as a part of site rehabilitation. The species suitable for such re-habitation work shall be at least one-year-old saplings of Ailanthus excelsa, Alstonea scholaris, Bombex ceiba, Cassia fistula, Cassia siamea, Butea monosperma, Dalbergia sissoo, Gmelina arborea,Syzygium cumini, Tamarindus indica etc. No disposal site shall be created as part of the project, without prior approval of the Environmental Officer of SC, PIU/ RCD and Local Competent Authority. SC will keep strict vigil on this aspect and ensure that work is not permitted without appropriate Solid Waste Disposal Plan in place. The Contractor at his own cost shall resolve any claim, arising out of waste disposal or any non-compliance that may arise on account of lack of action on his part. C.1.4 Stripping, stacking and The top soil from all sites including road side widening and working MoRTH: 301.3.2; Contractor Supervision preservation of top soil area, cutting areas, quarry sites, borrows areas, construction MoRTH: 301.7; Consultant; camps, haul roads in agricultural fields (if any) and areas to be MoRTH: 301.3.3; PIU/ RCD permanently covered shall be stripped to a specified depth of MoRTH: 305.3; 150mm and stored in stockpiles for reuse. Framework for Borrow Areas in Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 223 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring A portion of the temporarily acquired area and/or RoW edges will EMF document of be earmarked for storing top soil. The locations for stacking will be NHIIP pre-identified in consultation and with approval of Environmental Officer of SC. The following precautionary measures will be taken by the Contractor to preserve the stockpiles till they are re-used: (a) Stockpile will be such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and height is restricted to 2 m. (b) To retain soil and to allow percolation of water, the edges of the pile will be protected by silt fencing. (c) Multiple handling kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction occurs. (d) Such stockpiles shall be covered with empty gunny bags or will be planted with grasses to prevent loss during rains. Such stockpiled topsoil will be utilized for –  Covering reclamation sites or other disturbed areas including borrow areas (not those in barren areas)  Top dressing of road embankment and fill slopes  Filling up of tree pits and  In the agricultural fields of farmers, acquired temporarily that need to be restored. Residual topsoil, if there is any, will be utilized for the plantation works along the road corridor. The utilization as far as possible shall be in the same area/close to the same area from where the top soil was removed. The stripping, preservation and reuse shall be carefully inspected, closely supervised and properly recorded by the SC. C.1.5 Accessibility The Contractor will provide safe and convenient passage for MoRTH Contractor Supervision vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from roadsides and specifications and Consultant; property accesses connecting the project road by providing IRC guidelines PIU/ RCD temporary connecting road, as necessary. Construction activities that shall affect the use of side roads and existing accesses to individual properties, whether public or private, shall not be undertaken ;without providing adequate Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 224 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring provision approved by the SC. The Contractor will take care that the cross roads are constructed in such a sequence that construction work over the adjacent cross roads are taken up in a manner that traffic movement in any given area does not get affected. C.1.6 Planning for Traffic Detailed traffic control plans will be prepared and submitted to the MoRTH: 112; IRC Contractor Supervision Diversions and Resident Engineer of SC for approval, minimum seven days prior SP:55 Consultant; Detours to commencement of works on any section of road. PIU/ RCD The traffic control plans shall contain details of temporary diversions, traffic safety arrangements including night time safety measures, details of traffic arrangement after cessation of work each day, safety measures undertaken for transport of hazardous materials and arrangement of flagmen etc. to regulate traffic congestion. The Contractor will provide specific measures for safety of pedestrians and workers as a part of traffic control plans. Temporary diversions will be constructed with the approval of the Resident Engineer and Environmental Officer of Supervision Consultant. The temporary traffic detours will be kept free of dust by sprinkling of water three times a day or as required under specific conditions and directed by the SC (depending on weather conditions, construction in the settlement areas and volume of traffic). The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. The Contractor will also inform local community of changes in traffic routes and pedestrian access arrangements with assistance from SC and PIU/ RCD. C.2 Construction Material Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 225 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring C.2.1 Earth from Borrow No borrow area will be opened without permission of the MoRTH: 305.2; Contractor Supervision Areas for Construction Environmental Officer of Supervision Consultant. The location, Framework for Consultant; shape and size of the designated borrow areas will be as approved Burrow Area PIU/ RCD by the Environmental officer of Supervision Consultant and in Management in accordance to the IRC recommended practice for borrow pits for EMF document of road embankments (IRC 10: 1961). NHIIP. The burrowing operations will be carried out as specified in the guidelines for setting and operation of borrow areas. The unpaved surfaces used for the haulage of borrow materials, if passing through the settlement areas or habitations; will be maintained dust free by the Contractor. Sprinkling of water will be carried out thrice a day to control dust along such roads during their period of use. During dry seasons (winter and summer) frequency of water sprinkling will have to be increased according to the site and climatic conditions in the settlement areas and Environmental Officer of SC will decide the numbers of sprinkling depending on the local requirements. Contractor will rehabilitate the borrow areas as soon as borrowing is over from a particular borrow area in accordance with the Framework for Borrow Area Management or as suggested by Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant. C.2.2 Quarry Operations The Contractor shall obtain materials from quarries only after the MoRTH:111.3 Contractor Supervision approval of Department of Mines, Govt. of Rajasthan and the Consultant; District Administration. A copy of this consent must be submitted to PIU/ RCD PIU/ RCD through Environment Expert of SC. The Contractor will develop a Comprehensive Quarry Redevelopment Plan, as per the Mining Rules of the State and submit a copy to PIU/ RCD and SC prior to opening of the quarry site. The quarry operations will be undertaken within the rules and regulations in vogue. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 226 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring C.2.3 Transporting Contractor shall maintain properly (as directed by SC) all roads MoRTH Contractor Supervision Construction (existing or constructed for the project), which are used for specifications Consultant; Materials and Haul transporting construction materials, equipment and machineries. PIU/ RCD Road Management All vehicles delivering goods to the site shall be covered to avoid spillage of materials and air pollution. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to ensure that highways and other roads used for transportation of construction materials are clear from any dust, sand, soil, aggregates etc., fallen from the transporting vehicles used for the project. Contractor will arrange for regular water sprinkling for dust suppression of all such roads and surfaces, as directed by Environmental Officer of SC. The unloading of all materials at construction sites will be limited to day time only to avoid accidents. Screens of hessian cloth, agro- net and such other barricading material like geo-synthetic fabrics are to be erected along all dumping and stockpiling sites, so that generation of the dust in the vicinity of such locations can be minimized to a great extent. C.2.4 Construction Water Contractor will arrange adequate supply and storage of water for State Water Policy; Contractor Supervision the whole construction period at his own cost. The Contractor will Water Act and Consultant; take all precaution to minimize the wastage of water in the Rules PIU/ RCD construction process and related operations. C.3 Construction Work C.3.1 Disruption to Other While working across or close to any perennial water bodies, MoRTH:304.3.2; Contractor Supervision Users of Water Contractor will not obstruct/ prevent the flow of water. Water Rules and Consultant; Policy of the State PIU/ RCD Construction over and close to the non-perennial streams shall be undertaken in dry season and if such activity is likely to disrupt, constrain or impact the community use of the water body, adequate prior information (at least two weeks in advance) will be provided to such community. Such water body may be ponds, water harvesting structures (WHS), feeder channels to pond, irrigation sources etc. If the supply of water or access to a source is being completely cut Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 227 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring off, then the Contractor shall make necessary arrangements to provide water in the interim period. Water quality test shall be done prior to providing / supplying the water. Wherever excavation for diverting water flow will be required as per the engineering designs, the Contractor will ensure that such diversion channels have no stepper slopes than 1:2 (V to H). Proper slope protection measures have to be taken as approved by the Environmental Officer of SC and PIU/ RCD. The Contractor will take prior approval of the River Authority or Irrigation Department and SC for any such activity. The PIU/RCD will ensure that Contractor has served the notice to the downstream users of water well in advance where such diversion of the flow is likely to affect the downstream population subject to the condition that under no circumstances the downstream flow shall be stopped putting the wildlife, the aquatic fauna and the shore line settlement under distress. Minimum eco-flow shall be maintained even during the construction stage by ensuring downstream connection to the main channel. C.3.2 Drainage and Flood Contractor will ensure that no construction materials like earth, MoRTH:305.3.7; Contractor Supervision Control stone, ash or appendage disposed off so as not to block the flow of MoRTH:306 Consultant; water of any water course and cross drainage channels. PIU/ RCD Where necessary adequate mechanical devices to bail out accumulated water from construction sites, camp sites, storage yard, excavation areas are to be pre-settled and arranged well in advance of the rainy season besides providing temporary cross drainage systems. The contractor will take all adequate precautions to ensure that construction materials and excavated materials are enclosed in such a manner that erosion or run-off of sediments is controlled. Silt fencing at km 20+945, km 29+047, km 46+000, km 46+291, km 67+586, km 88+865, km 92+614, km 97+736 shall be installed prior to the onset of the monsoon at all the required locations, as directed by Environmental Officer of SC and PIU/ RCD. The contractor will also ensure that no material blocks the natural flow of water in any water course or cross drainage channel. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 228 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring Prior to monsoon, the contractor will provide either permanent or temporary drains to prevent water accumulation in surrounding residential, commercial and agricultural areas. Additionally, all structure construction sites shall be cleared/cleaned-up. A pre-monsoon joint inspection (in May first week) by SC and/or PIU/ RCD will be conducted to identify all such areas which need to be cleared and restored before the onset of rains. C.3.3 Siltation of Water Contractor will construct silt fencing at the base of the MoRTH: 306; Contractor Supervision Bodies and embankment construction near all water bodies (including wells) Consultant; Degradation of Water and around the stockpiles at the construction sites. Silt fencing at PIU/ RCD Quality km 20+945, km 29+047, km 46+000, km 46+291, km 67+586, km 88+865, km 92+614, km 97+736 will be provided prior to the commencement of earthwork and continue till the stabilization of the embankment slopes is complete on the particular subsection of the road. The contractor will also put up sedimentation cum grease traps at the outer mouth of the drains located in truck lay byes and bus bays which are ultimately entering into any surface water bodies / water channels with a fall exceeding 1.5 m. Contractor will ensure that construction materials containing fine particles are stored in an enclosure such that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby water bodies. C.3.4 Slope Protection and  The contractor will construct slope protection works as per MoRTH: Contractor Supervision Control of Soil Erosion design, or as directed by the Environmental Officer of SC to 305.2.2.2; Consultant; control soil erosion and sedimentation through use of dykes, MoRTH: 306.2; PIU/ RCD sedimentation chambers, basins, fiber mats, mulches, Framework for grasses, slope drains and other devices as required under Soil Erosion and specific local conditions. Sedimentation Control in EMF  All temporary sedimentation, pollution control works and document of maintenance thereof will be deemed as incidental to the earth NHIIP work or other items of work and as such no separate payment will be made for them. Contractor will ensure the following: Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 229 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring  After construction of road embankment, the side slopes of all cut and fill areas will be graded and covered with Natural Geo-textile and maintaining till the vegetation sustains on its own as per Technical specification Clause : 707.  Turfing works will be taken up as soon as possible provided the season is favorable for the establishment of grass sods.  Other measures of slope stabilization will include mulching netting and seeding of batters and drains immediately on completion of earthworks with sowing of seeds of grass, shrub and bushes 30cm interval from line to line across the slope and sprinkling of water on such slopes after completion of the earth work.  Regular watering shall be provided at such locations as required. In all these cases, seeds of Beshram ( Ipomoea carnea), Munj (Saccharum munja), Banachakunda (Cassia tora), Banakolthi (Tephorosia. sp),, Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides), Pamarosa grass, Jatropha gossypifolia etc. will be used.  In borrow pits, the depth shall be regulated so that the sides of the excavation should not be steeper than 1 vertical to 2 horizontal, from the edge of the final section of the bank.  Along sections abutting water bodies, stone pitching as per design specification will be provided to protect slopes. All such stone pitching should have a filter layer to prevent scouring and settlement of the pitched surface when the water label recedes.  Stabilization of the embankment with appropriate technique/s shall commence soon after the embankment formation.  Any existing drainage channel or body shall not be obstructed during filling operations.  The embankment slope shall be maintained as per IRC Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 230 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring specifications. C.4 Pollution C.4.1 Water Pollution C.4.1.1 Water Pollution from The Contractor will take all precautionary measures to prevent the MoRTH: 111.4; Contractor Supervision Construction Wastes wastewater generated during construction from entering into MoRTH: 111.1; Consultant; streams, water bodies or the irrigation system by providing safe Water Act, 1974 PIU/ RCD, wastewater soak pits away from any aquifers or water body. SPCB The Contractor will avoid continuation of construction activity close to the streams or water bodies during monsoon. Stream courses and drains will be kept free from dumping of solid wastes, excavated earth, sludge and discharge of waste water from construction camps and sites. Liquid wastes arising from construction sites are to be impounded into collection pits. Construction materials containing fine particles like lime stone, lime, cement, fine aggregates etc. shall be stored in enclosures away from water bodies on high land to ensure that any run off from such locations does not drain into nearby water courses. No garbage, sludge, lubricants, fuel, sewerage or contaminated waste water is to be released in the settlement areas, water bodies, forests and wildlife habitats or grazing areas. All waste arising from the project is to be disposed off in the manner that is acceptable to the State Pollution Control Board or as directed by Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant. The Environmental Expert of SC will specify in the progress reports on whether the all liquid wastes disposed off from the various sites meets the discharge standards as specified by the CPCB Govt. of India. If case of non-compliance actions taken by SC shall also be specified. This shall be done on the basis of pollution monitoring results received from the Contractor and that from the Independent Agency hired by PIU/RCD. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 231 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring C.4.1.2 Water Pollution from The Contractor will ensure that location of parking lots; garage; MoRTH: 111.4; Contractor Supervision Fuel, Lubricants and fuel/lubricants storage sites; POL waste collection sites; vehicle, MoRTH: 111.1; Consultant; Chemicals machinery and equipment maintenance and refueling sites (other Petroleum Act PIU/RCD, than those located inside construction camps, for which the and Rules; SPCB relevant clause is applicable); are located on high ground at least MoEF/CPCB 500 m from rivers, streams, canals, ponds, wildlife movement Notifications; areas, forests and ground water sources. Framework for Construction If such areas are located on agricultural land, top soil will be Camps stripped, stockpiled and returned after cessation of such use. Garage, service stations, refueling stations and equipment maintenance yards shall be so located at least 100mts. away from kitchen, mess and drinking water facilities within the camp site. The Contractor will ensure that all vehicle/machinery and equipments operation, maintenance and refueling will be carried out in such a fashion that any spillage (while working or accidental) of fuel and lubricants does not contaminate the land and water resources. There shall be lined drains and service ramps with oil and grease traps/oil interceptors (as per the design provided –Annexure 7.1) in such areas to prevent liquid wastes from entering into any aquifer, local water source, abandoned well, bore well, pond and other water bodies. Storage of drums (both filled and empty) and refueling shall be done on concrete platforms (impervious surface). Additionally, roofing (of any type) shall be provided to prevent contamination of land and water due to run-off from such sites during rains. Oil interceptors are also to be provided at vehicle parking areas. The contractor will arrange for collection, storage, reuse/disposal of spent oil, lubricants, grease, sludge, slurry, bitumen, chemicals, paints etc. Covered bins/drums (marked specifically regarding the contents) shall be kept separately at maintenance and refueling areas. Disposal shall be at pre-identified sites (list to be submitted to SC Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 232 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring and PIU/PWD) as approved by the Environmental Officer of SC. All spills and collected petroleum products will be disposed off in accordance with the prevailing MoEF and SPCB guidelines issued for such purpose. Environmental Officer of SC will certify that all arrangements comply with the guidelines of SPCB/ MoEF or any other relevant laws such as the Central Excise and Explosive Substances Act. C.4.2 Air Pollution C.4.2.1 Dust Pollution The contractor will take every precaution to reduce the level of MoRTH:111.1; Contractor Supervision dust (PM 2.5 and PM 10) from crushers, material storage yards, MoRTH:111.5; Consultant; haul roads and construction sites (including earthwork, MoRTH:111.9; PIU/RCD, dismantling, scarification and material mixing sites) by sprinkling of MoRTH:111.10; SPCB water, mist spray, encapsulation of dust source and erection of Air Act; screen /barriers. SPCB Rules and Guidelines Hot mix plant and batch mix plant will be fitted with dust extraction units and mist spray to keep down the dust emission levels. The suspended particulate matter value at a distance of 40m from a unit located in such a cluster should be less than 500 μg/m3. Dust screening vegetation such as Dwarf bamboo, Justiacea, Vitex negundo, Lawsonia inermis will be planted around the crusher sites besides provision of dust screens. The contractor will provide necessary certificates to confirm that all crushers used in the project conform to relevant dust emission control legislation. Air pollution monitoring will be conducted as per the Pollution Monitoring Plan and results shall be used to strengthen/rectify problematic areas. If other existing crushers are used, such units need to have valid license from the SPCB. Copies of the required certificates and consents of the operator owner shall be procured by the Contractor and submitted to PIU/RCD through Environment Officer of SC prior to the procurement of material from such units. The Resident Engineer will ensure that the necessary documents have been submitted by the contractor before material procurement permission is issued by the Materials Engineer of SC. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 233 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring C.4.2.2 Emission from Contractor will ensure that all vehicles, equipment and machinery Motor Vehicles Act Contractor Supervision Construction Vehicles, used for construction are regularly maintained and confirm to the Act Consultant; Equipment and emission standards specified by the CPCB. Certification issued for PIU/RCD, Machineries such contrivances obtained from designated/approved authority SPCB shall be submitted along with the specified reporting format. The contractor will maintain a separate file and submit PUC certificates for all vehicles/equipment/machinery used for the project. Monitoring results will also be submitted to SC and PIU/RCD as per the Pollution Monitoring Plan in the specified format. C.4.3 Noise Pollution C.4.3.1 Noise Pollution: Noise The Contractor will ensure the following: Noise Rules, 2002 Contractor Supervision from Vehicles, Plants Consultant; and Equipment  All plants and equipment used in construction (including those PIU/RCD; of sub-Contractors and/or suppliers such as aggregate crushing SPCB plants) shall strictly conform to the MoEF/CPCB noise standards and shall have latest noise suppression mountings. Affected Communities;  All vehicles and equipment used in construction will be fitted PRIs; NGOs; with exhaust silencers. Staff at Schools and  Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery will be Health Centres done regularly and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found defective, these shall be replaced.  Limits for construction equipment used in the project such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB (A) (measured at one meter from the edge of equipment in the free field), as specified in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.  Maintenance of equipment, machinery and vehicles (including proper lubrication, tuning, checks for muffler effectiveness) shall be regular and up to the satisfaction of the Environmental Officer of SC to keep noise levels under control.  Construction activity at sites within 100m habitations and hospitals shall not be carried out during night (10:00 pm to Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 234 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring 06:00 am).  Construction activity at sites within 500m from wildlife movement zones, reserved and protected forest areas shall not be carried out between 06:00 pm to 06:00 am.  The Contractor will not take any construction activity around educational institutes within a distance of 100 m between the working hours of these sensitive receptors.  Monitoring shall be carried out at the construction sites as per the noise monitoring plan and results will be submitted to SC and PIU/RCD. Environmental Officer of SC will be required to regularly inspect all above mentioned sites to ensure proper compliance of the said measures. C.5 Safety C.5.1 Personal Safety Contractor shall provide (including enforcement with zero Factories Act, Contractor Supervision Measures for Labour tolerance): 1948; Consultant; Building and PIU/RCD  Protective footwear and protective goggles to all workers Other employed on mixing asphalt materials, Construction  cement, mortars, concrete, welding sites, blasting, crusher Workers and stockpiling locations etc. as per the Factory Act, 1948. (Regulation of Employment and  Welder's protective eye-shields to workers engaged in Conditions of welding works. Services) Act, 1996  Earplugs to workers exposed to high noise levels (above 65dB) at quarries, crushers, compaction sites, concrete mixing, batch mixing, drilling and hot mixing plants, fabricating and heavy machinery operations.  Hard hat or helmets to all workers, supervising staff and inspecting officials entering a construction site, plant area, quarry, loading and unloading site. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 235 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring  Protective goggles and clothing to workers engaged in stone breaking activities.  Earplugs to workers exposed to noise in crushing, compaction, blasting, dismantling or concrete mixing operations.  Adequate safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site.  Nettings and platforms below and on the sides of overhead construction and excavation work to prevent mishaps due to accidental fall of workmen and debris. The Contractor will comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress. The Contractor will make sure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 are adhered to. The Contractor will comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as per the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62 as far as those are applicable to this contract. The Contractor will not employ any person below the age of 18 years for any work and no woman of productive age will be engaged in the work of painting containing lead in any form. The Contractor will also ensure that no paint containing lead or lead products is used except in the form of paste or readymade paint. Contractor will provide facemasks to the workers engaged in spray painting or manual painting when lead based compound is one of the constituents of such surface to be scrubbed, cleaned and painted. These masks shall also be provided to workers to minimize risks from inhaling toxic fumes and dust. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 236 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring ‘No smoking’ and other ‘high risk’ areas are to be provided with warning signage besides strict enforcement of PPE with zero tolerance limits. These arrangements need to be reflected in the Construction Safety Plan to be prepared by the Contractor during mobilization, which shall be approved by SC and PIU/RCD after proper scrutiny. C.5.2 Traffic Safety The Contractor will take all necessary measures for the safety of MoRTH Contractor Resident traffic during construction and provide, erect and maintain such specifications and Engineer; barricades, including signage, markings, flags, lights, reflectors IRC guidelines Bridge and flagmen as proposed in the Traffic Control Plan/Drawings and Engineers as required by the Environmental Officer of SC for the information PIU/RCD and protection of road users approaching or passing through the section of any construction site of activity or diversion. The Contractor will ensure that all signs, barricades, pavement markings are provided as per the MoRTH/ IRC specifications. Before taking up construction on any section of the existing lanes of the highway, a Traffic Control Plan will be devised and implemented to the satisfaction of the Environmental Officer of SC and local administrative authorities including traffic police. C.5.3 Risk from Electrical All power transmission lines whether clawed or sufficiently covered - Contractor Supervision Equipment(s) are potential hazards at construction sites. The Contractor will take Consultant; all required precautions to prevent danger from electrical cables, PIU/RCD wires and equipment and ensure that –  No material will be stacked or placed below/near power transmission lines, wires and equipment, which can be a potential danger to any road user, workman or public.  All such electrical installations and wirings shall be barricaded in manner that ensures safety of the road users, wildlife and operating vehicles/equipment such as cranes, excavators, loaders, fabricating units etc.  Necessary fencing, illumination and proper insulation of the electrical lines shall be ensured by the contractor for safety and security of the public, road users, workers and the wildlife.  The contractor shall ensure proper maintenance of electrical Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 237 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring supply lines/points.  All such electrical operating units shall be switched off before operations are closed every day or night as the case may be.  All electrical equipment/cables/wires to be used in the construction shall have to conform to the relevant BIS specifications/codes.  The contractor will ensure that such equipment/cables/ wires are free from patent defect, and under good working conditions and maintained in good working order (as per the owner manual supplied by the manufacturer) through regular supervision, monitoring, maintenance and repair/ replacement from time to time. C.5.4 Risk Force Measure The contractor will take all reasonable precautions to prevent MoRTH Contractor Supervision danger of destruction to life and property of the public as well as specifications and Consultant; the workers on account of flood, fire, explosion, accidents involving IRC guidelines PIU/RCD vehicles carrying hazardous materials etc. in and around work sites, camps, maintenance units, borrow areas, quarries, haul roads and in any other place associated with the project activity. The contractor will make the required arrangements so that in case of any mishap all necessary steps can be taken for prompt on-the- spot first aid treatment. Arrangements shall be made for quick rescue operation including shifting of the injured to the nearest hospital Fire extinguishers/ firefighting equipment and salvaging equipment for the recovery of hazardous chemicals on account of accidents or spillage are to be kept ready at camping sites or major construction sites to attend to such eventualities. Construction Safety Plan to be prepared by the contractor shall identify all necessary actions in the event of an emergency. The actions shall include description of stand-by arrangements, rescue of workers/people and salvage of hazardous chemicals/ materials in case of such eventualities. This plan shall be approved by the Supervision Consultant and the Environmental Officer of the Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 238 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring PIU/RCD as per the standard practice adopted under labour welfare activities and Factories Act. C.5.5 First Aid The Contractor shall arrange for – Building and the Contractor Supervision other Construction Consultant;  A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of Workers PIU/RCD sterilized dressing materials and appliances as per the (Regulation of Factories Rules in every work zone with life saving first aid kits. Employment and Conditions of  Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or Service) Act, 1996 sick person(s) to the nearest hospital.  Equipment and trained nursing /paramedical staff at construction camps.  Periodic health checks for workers C.6 Cultural Property C.6 Chance Found All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity, structures and other Central and State Contractor Supervision Archaeological remains or things of geological or archaeological interest Laws Consultant; Property discovered on the site shall be the property of the Government and PIU/RCD, shall be dealt with as per provisions of the relevant legislation. State Archeological The contractor will take reasonable precautions to prevent his Department workmen or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or property. He will, immediately upon discovery thereof intimate the Environmental Officer of SC, local police and administration of such discovery and carry out the given instructions for dealing with the same. The SC will seek direction from the State Archaeological Department before instructing the contractor to recommence the work in the site. Till such time, the site and the findings shall be under strict watch and ward of the contractor, SC and local administration to prevent any pilferage, alteration of the findings by the workmen or locals as the case may be. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 239 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring C.7 Labor Camp Management C.7.1 Accommodation Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, Contractor Supervision 1948 and the Building and the other Construction Workers Building and the Consultant; (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 other Construction PIU/RCD for construction and maintenance of labour camp. Workers The location, layout and basic provision of facilities at each labour (Regulation of camp site will be submitted to SC. The construction or hiring of Employment and such facilities shall commence only after the written approval from Conditions of the SC. Service) Act, 1996 The Contractor will maintain necessary living accommodation and ancillary facilities (including provision of clean fuel to prevent damage to forests and to prevent fuel wood cutting and burning by labour) in functional and hygienic manner. Any non-compliance or damage shall be made good by the contractor at his own cost. C.7.2 Potable Water The contractor will also provide availability of potable water within Building and Contractor Supervision the precincts of every workplace in a cool and shaded area, which Other Consultant; is easily accessible as per standards set by the Building and other Construction PIU/PWD Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions Workers of Service) Act, 1996. (Regulation of Employment and The contractor will ensure the fulfillment of the following conditions Conditions of at all work places for the benefit of workers: Service) Act, 1996 a) Supply of sufficient quantity of potable water (as per IS) in every workplace/labor camp site at suitable and easily accessible places shall be made. Such facilities shall be regularly maintained from health and hygiene point of view. b) All potable water storage facilities will be on a safely raised platform that is at least 1m above the surrounding ground level. c) In the camp sites, water purifier units shall be installed for providing potable water. d) As far as possible shallow well will not be used as potable source of water. However, if water is drawn from any existing Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 240 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring well, irrespective of its location from any polluting sources, regular disinfection of the water source (which may include application of lime, bleaching powder and potassium permanganate solution) has to be ensured at weekly/fort nightly interval. e) All open wells will be entirely covered and will be provided with a trap door to prevent accidental fall and contamination from dust, litter etc. A reliable pump will be fitted to each covered well. f) A drain shall be constructed around the well to prevent flow of contaminated water into the well from road, camp or other sources. g) The trap door will be kept locked and opened only for cleaning or inspection, which will be done at least once in a month. h) Water quality testing of all potable water sources will be done every month as per parameters prescribed in IS 10500:1991. Environmental Officer of SC will be required to inspect the labour camp once in a week to ensure compliance to these health and hygienic standards prescribed in the EMP. The camp-in-charge will be responsible for day-to-day monitoring. C.7.3 Sanitation and The contractor will ensure that – Building and the Contractor Supervision Sewage System Other Construction Consultant;  The sewage system for the camp are designed, built and Workers PIU/PWD operated in such a fashion that no health hazards occurs and (Regulation of no pollution to the air, ground water or adjacent water Employment and courses takes place. Conditions of Service) Act, 1996  Separate toilets and bathrooms for women workers wherever required, screened from those of men, are provided with markings in vernacular language.  All such facilities must have adequate water supply with proper drainage and disposal facility.  All toilets in workplaces are with dry earth systems which are Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 241 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring to be maintained, cleaned and disinfected daily using proper disinfectants. The location of such provisions should not affect the air, surface water and ground water of the locality or the agricultural fields located near-by.  Portable toilets may be brought to use and the night soil from such units has to be disposed through designated septic tanks so as to prevent pollution of the surrounding areas.  In the main camp, no night soil or sewerage shall be disposed of at any place other than the septic tanks constructed at the site. All these facilities shall be inspected on a weekly basis to check the hygiene standards. C.7.4 Waste Disposal The Contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure Environment Contractor Supervision that these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic Protection Act, Consultant; manner as per the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan 1986 and Rules PIU/RCD, approved by the Environmental Officer of SC. SPCB, Local Authorities No incineration or burning of wastes shall be carried out by the Contractor. The disposal of kitchen waste and other biodegradable matter shall be carried out in pits covered with a layer of earth within the camp site. The contractor may use the compost from such wastes as manure in the plantation sites. Discarded plastic bags, paper and paper products, bottles, packaging material, gunny bags, hessian, metal containers, strips and scraps of metal, PVC pipes, rubber and poly urethane foam, auto mobile spares, tubes, tires, belts, filters, waste oil, drums and other such materials shall be either reused or will be sold / given out for recycling. C.8 Contractor’s Demobilization and Decommissioning of Established Setup C.8.1 Clean-up Operations, Contractor will prepare site restoration plan, which will be Restoration and submitted for approval to the Resident Engineer of SC. The Rehabilitation Resident Engineer and the Environmental Officer of SC will be jointly responsible for approving and monitoring these plans. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 242 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Environmental Sr. No. Management Measures Reference Aspect/Issue Execution / Civil Supervision/ Work Monitoring The contractor needs to submit his plan at least 60 days prior to ‘substantial handing over of the site.’ All clean -up and restoration operations shall be completed by the contractor prior to demobilization. The contractor will clear all temporary structures; dispose all garbage, night soils and POL waste as per the approved Comprehensive Waste Management Plan. All disposal pits or trenches will be filled in disinfected and effectively sealed off. Residual topsoil, if any will be distributed or spread evenly at plantation sites, on adjoining/near-by barren land or affected agricultural land adjacent to the ROW that has been impacted on account of accidental spillage. All construction zones including river-beds, drainage channels, culverts, road-side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers, batching plant sites and any other area used/affected by the project will be left clean and tidy, at the Contractor's expense, to the entire satisfaction of Environmental Officer of SC and PIU/RCD. The Resident Engineer shall ensure that all clean-up and restoration operations are completed satisfactorily and written approval is given to the contractor before t he ‘works completion’ is issued/recommended. The PIU/RCD shall ensure through site inspection that the Contractor and SC have complied with all these provisions. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 243 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 7.5: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Operation Phase Responsibility Sr. No. Environmental Reference Execution/Civil Management Measures Supervision Aspect/Issue Document Work /Monitoring OPERATION STAGE Activities to be Carried Out by the PIU O.1 Monitoring and The PIU/RCD will monitor the operational performance of the - Organisation & Evaluation of various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a part of Workforce PIU/RCD; Operational the project. Monitoring and performance indicators have been Development Concerned Performance of indicated in Table 7.4. These include – (OWD) Field Departments/ Environmental Divisions; Agencies Mitigation Measures  Tree preservation and plantation PIU/RCD provided in the  Construction Camp Management Project  Top Soil Preservation  Borrow and Quarry Area Management  Traffic Safety and Management  Pollution Control and Waste Management  Site enhancements etc. Also, the rehabilitation works at degraded sites along nalas, streams and gullies after soil and water conservation measures has to be inspected, recorded and damages timely repaired for effective functioning and maintenance of such efforts in the field. All observations and data shall be added /updated in the Database/Information Management System developed for the project. This also covers other points given in this table. O.2 Maintenance of PIU/RCD will ensure that all drains (side drains and all cross MoRTH OWD Field PIU/RCD Drainage drainages) are periodically cleared especially before monsoon specifications; Divisions season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid IRC guidelines flooding without damaging the spurs and check dams erected to stabilize the course and flow of all such drainage channels. PIU/RCD will ensure that all the sediment/oil and grease traps set up at the truck and bus lay bye are cleared once in every three months. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 244 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Sr. No. Environmental Reference Execution/Civil Management Measures Supervision Aspect/Issue Document Work /Monitoring O.3 Pollution Monitoring The periodic monitoring of the ambient air quality, noise level, Pollution Monitoring Pollution PIU/RCD water (both ground and surface water) quality, soil Plan (EMP) Monitoring pollution/contamination are to be continued at pre-designated Agency; PIU/RCD locations as identified in the Pollution Monitoring Plan and if necessary, at additional locations for comparative study of pre and post operation data in order to ensure further improvement/modification in similar future works. PIU/RCD will appoint specific pollution monitoring agency for this purpose. O.3.1 Atmospheric Pollution Ambient air concentrations of various pollutants shall be monitored Pollution Monitoring Pollution PIU/RCD as envisaged in the pollution-monitoring plan at pre designated Plan (EMP) Monitoring locations to compare the levels with the pre construction data. Agency; PIU/RCD Additional data at other location may be collected as per any site specific requirement. O.3.2 Noise Pollution Noise pollution will be monitored as per monitoring plan at Pollution Monitoring Pollution PIU/RCD sensitive locations where pre-construction noise data was Plan (EMP) Monitoring collected. Agency; PIU/RCD The survival rate and functioning of the noise control plantations and noise control walls has to be specifically supervised and monitored for further improvement/ replication at other affected points if necessary. The survival rate of dwarf bamboo plantation at such locations along the road avenue in this cyclone ravaged corridor needs to be specifically monitored. Signage indicating ‘no horn zones’ near sensitive locations shall be maintained and kept clean. Monitoring the effectiveness of the pollution attenuation barriers will be taken up thrice in the operation period. O.4. Soil Erosion and Visual monitoring and inspection of soil erosion at borrow areas, Frameworks on RCD Field PIU/RCD Monitoring of Borrow quarries (if closed and rehabilitated), embankments and other Prevention of Soil Divisions; Areas places expected to be affected, will be carried out before Erosion and Borrow PIU/RCD monsoon, during monsoon and after winter rains to record and Area Management monitor the effectiveness of such structures for five years after the (EMF of NHIIP) completion of project, so as to evaluate the beneficial effects of each type of activity together with the cost involved. O.5 Changes in Land Use RCD shall take initiative and act as a facilitator in preparing an Legal Provisions PWD, Local RCD; Pattern action plan to encourage balanced, congestion free, safe, hygienic, under Prevention Authorities, Govt. of environment friendly activity on either side of the developed and Control of Revenue Bihar Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 245 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Responsibility Sr. No. Environmental Reference Execution/Civil Management Measures Supervision Aspect/Issue Document Work /Monitoring highway during and after completion of the project. This to avoid Ribbon Department and irregular, ugly, unhygienic and destructive ribbon development, Development Act Local Civic close to the road corridor which adversely affects agricultural and Bodies, District water harvesting capabilities and drainage system of the area. Administration The RCD may consider effective promulgation through some legislation and guidelines controlling such unbridled activity, which are self destructive and distressful for the poor farmers and a drain on the state’s economic resources. A state-wide anti-encroachment policy to ensure safety (of the residents and the road users), highway aesthetics and future possibilities for expansion of highway facilities should be considered by RCD. This could include notification and legal recourse against local authorities, which supply power, water, sanitary connections and register commercial activities to encroachers, squatters and illegal settlers on the PWD land. This policy should also cover religious structures, mandaps and puja pandals etc. A land use-zoning map may be developed, under which up to a particular distance from the ROW of the alignment especially in new bypass stretches, no development will be allowed. Necessary hoardings along the corridor will be provided to warn encroachers against any such activity (including punitive action such as forfeiture of the structures and belongings without prior notice, legal action in the court of law barring any stay over such action by the state from any court of law). Budgetary provisions may be made to control the ribbon development along project road. O.6 Road Safety and No advertisement/hoardings shall be allowed within the Right of - RCD Divisions PCD; Maintenance of Way limits of the project road. (and its Govt. of Assets contractors, if Bihar Regular maintenance and cleaning of assets such as sign boards, any), District bus stops, drains etc. shall be undertaken. Administration/ Local Authorities, Local Police Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 246 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Table 7.6 : Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators Env. Project Parameters Method/ Location Frequency Standards Implementation Supervision indicator stage guidelines and duration Air Quality Construction PM10, PM2.5, High volume Hot mix plants, 24 hr Air quality Contractor PIU /SC SO2, NOX, sampler to be stone crushers continuous, standard by through approved CO, HC located 50 m from and construction/ 48 sample at CPCB monitoring the plant in earthwork sites 6 locations agency downwind and as for 3 years direction. Use suggested by SC method (Total 6 specified by Locations) CPCB for analysis Operation High volume Major Road 24 hr Air quality PIU through PIU-MoRTH sampler to be Intersections and continuous, standard by Approved located 50 m from Residential area 12 samples CPCB monitoring the selected (4 Locations) at 4 locations agency locations in the for 1 year downwind direction. Use method specified by CPCB for analysis Water Construction Ground water: Grab sample Ground water at 2 times/year Water quality Contractor PIU /SC Quality (IS: collected from Construction (Pre-monsoon standard by through Approved 10500:1991) source and Camps/site and & Post- CPCB monitoring and Surface analyze as per Surface water at monsoon) for 3 agency water for Class Standard Methods at 5 locations years D and Class E for Examination of 30samples (Propagation of Water and Operation Fishes) as Wastewater Monitoring along 2 times/year Water quality PIU through PIU/MoRTH Prescribed by the road at 4 (Pre-monsoon standard by approved CPCB and for locations & Post- CPCB monitoring vector borne monsoon) agency diseases for 1 years 8 samples Siltation in Construction Visual Checks All rivers/ 1 Once during Guidelines Routine work Contractor PIU /SC Water for presence streams/ drainage rainy seasons from water of of construction channels and of the construction resources Engineering Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 247 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Env. Project Parameters Method/ Location Frequency Standards Implementation Supervision indicator stage guidelines and duration Bodies debris/waste other water period department Team and blockade bodies along the PIU-MoRTH Operation Once during PIU, with support of drainage stretch operation of 1st of Water channels year Resource Department Noise levels Construction Equivalent Free field at 1 m Construction 24 hr As per Contractor PIU/SC Noise levels from the sites, major road continuous, National through on dB (A) equipment whose 10 locations for 3 Years Ambient approved scale for day noise levels are thrice a year 90 samples at Noise monitoring and night being determined. for 3 years Standard agency Operation Equivalent Noise Monitoring 3 times / year specified in PIU through PIU, MoRTH levels using an along the road at for 1 year Environment approved integrated noise locations where 30 samples al Protection monitoring level meter kept at monitoring was Act, 1986 agency a distance of 15 m done during amended from edge of constructions 2002 Pavement at 10 locations for 1 year Soil Quality Construction NPK (ICAR As specified by Monitoring Once during CPCB Contractor PIU/SC standard ) and the site engineer along the road Whole standard through heavy metals MoRTH where base line is construction and NPK as approved for dredging / supervision to be established stage per ICAR monitoring sites consultant at 3 locations and standard agency 1 at HMP). Soil erosion Construction Visual check Through the After first rain Visual Contractor MoRTH for Soil Project Corridor Checks erosion and especially at MoRTH Once during Visual Engineering siltation River banks, Operation operation of Checks Team bridge locations 1st year of MoRTH and river training structures Drainage Construction Visual Checks Through the Once in a None Contractor’s PIU/SC Congestion Project Corridor year before Specific Engineering especially rainy season Team Operation Probable drainage Once in a MoRTH Engineering Team congestion areas year before as described in rainy season IEE for 3 yrs Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 248 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Env. Project Parameters Method/ Location Frequency Standards Implementation Supervision indicator stage guidelines and duration Borrow Construction Visual Identification of Borrow areas to Once in a IRC Contractor with PIU/SC Areas Checks borrow areas as be operated month guidelines approval from per IEE and Best PIU, Practices for MoRTH Borrow area operation Operation Rehabilitation as Closed Borrow Quarterly for Borrow Area MoRTH recommended in Areas 1 year rehabilitation IEE Plan Construction Construction Storage Area, Rapid audit as per Construction Quarterly IRC Contractor with PIU-MoRTH Sites and Stage Construction reporting format Sites and Camp during guidelines approval from Labour Sites for construction and to the PIU, MoRTH Camp Hygiene, period satisfaction drainage of MoRTH Medical Facilities Etc. Tree Construction Surveillance monitoring of trees Throughout the During site As suggested PIU/Local Forest Departments Plantation felling Project Section clearance in by Forest construction Dept phase Operation Audit for survival rate of trees Throughout the Once in a The Engineer will be responsible plantation Project Section year for 3 for monitoring up to the Defect years Liability Period in any particular stretch. After this period the PIU will be responsible for monitoring Aquatic Construction Disturbance to aquatic fauna due to water bodies Once in a None specific Independent PIU/Fishery Fauna increased siltation, impact on fish where fishery year Expert Department Including productivity , breeding and activity is reported Fisheries spawning and enhancement for small pond s Operation water bodies End of First None Independent PIU/Fishery where fishery year of Specific Expert Department activity is reported operation Accident Construction Record of Throughout the Every year of - Part of Environment and PIU/SC Rate Accidents and section especially Construction Contract Safety officer of its causes, Construction Sites period Contractor different level of disabilities / fatalities Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 249 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Env. Project Parameters Method/ Location Frequency Standards Implementation Supervision indicator stage guidelines and duration Operation Record of Throughout the Throughout the -- Part of EA in MoRTH Accidents and project Section Project life cycle regular coordination its causes, operation with Police different level and Department of disabilities/ Maintenance fatalities. cost Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 250 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar CHAPTER 8 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET The budgetary provision for the implementation of environmental management plan has been prepared taking into account measures required to be taken up for; i. Mitigation measures required to subside design and construction related impact ii. Enhancement measures based on the feedback received during public consultation iv. Plantation requirements in lieu of trees being cut and removed along the road The environmental budget proposed for environmental management including monitoring of project road is given in Table 8.1 Table 8.1: Environmental Budget Unit cost S. No Item Unit Quantity Total Cost (INR) Remark (INR) A. Forest Clearance Compensatory Afforestation including tree guards No. 800 27042 21633600.00 Tree Felling No. 125 9014 1126750.00 Total - A 22760350.00 EMP B Mitigation 1 Oil interceptors (Drawing – Annexure 7.1) No. 50000 2 1,00,000.00 EMP 2 Silt fencing at location Surface water bodies locations Meter 1350.00 350.0 472500.00 (Streams/Canals Km 2+462, Km 10+627, Km 33+870, Km 40.910, Km 44.429, Km 49+675, Km Included in Civil 2.1 52+380, Km 63+538, Km 66+764, Km 74+227, Km Cost 75.057, Km 92+424, Km 98+809) (Ponds - km 20+945, km 29+047, km 46+000, km 46+291, km 67+586, km 88+865, km 92+614, km 97+736) Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 251 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Unit cost S. No Item Unit Quantity Total Cost (INR) Remark (INR) Top soil storage (Around the periphery of dumping Meter Included in Civil 2.2 1350.00 1200.0 1620000.00 yard) Cost Plant site (In down slope direction of fine material) meter Included in Civil 2.3 1350.00 75.0 101250.00 Cost 3 Dust Management with sprinkling of water, covers Km EMP 5000 106 5,30,000.00 for vehicles transporting construction materials Protection Work for the water bodies Included in Civil 4 Cost a) Retaining walls (Masonary) cum 2942.00 3000.00 8826000.00 b) Stone pitching cum 00 00 00 Slope/ Embankment protection measures Included in Civil 5. Cost a) Stone pitching cum 0 00 00 Soil Erosion Protection Blankets Supplying and laying of Natural Geo-textile and Sqm 382.00 7,559.63 2,887,779.25 maintaining till the vegetation sustains on its own as per Technical specification Clause : 707. c) Turfing Recommended species i.e. Sccharum sps, sqm Ipomoea carnea (Beshram), Sida cordifolia (Khareti), Cassia tora (Chakunda), Malvastrum 5.00 5000.0 25000.00 coromandelianum (Jungli Kapas), Vetiveria zizanoides (khus), etc. Included in Civil 6. DRAINAGE & PROTECTION WORKS Cost 6.1 Earthwork in excavation for foundation in all types cum of soil for construction of drains, vertical fall, outfall 20,638,863.04 and escape including transporting for use or disposal 55.30 373,243 of surplus excavated earth with all leads and lifts as per MoRTH Technical Specifications Section 300. Construction of 300 mm wide drainage chute in M- 20 grade concrete with foundation in M-15 grade concrete including earthwork in excavation as per drawings and MoRTH Technical Specifications Sections 300, 1500, 1700 and Additional Technical Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 252 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Unit cost S. No Item Unit Quantity Total Cost (INR) Remark (INR) Specifications Clause A-2. Lm 1250.00 2,300.00 2,875,000.00 Drainage Chute Providing cement concrete M-15 grade below drain, in vertical fall, outfall, escape for drainage cum 5571.94 16,899 94,161,943.41 arrangement as per drawing and MoRTH Technical Specifications Sections 1500, 1700 and 2100. Providing RCC M-20 in drain complete as per drawing and MoRTH Technical specifications cum 5930.50 57,145 338,896,310.99 section 1500, 1700, 2100 & 2200. Providing uncoated Fe500 HSD reinforcement as per Tonne 58183.49 3142.96 182,868,232.17 drawing and MoRTH Technical Specifications section 1600. Providing stone pitching on slopes complete as per cum 3039.00 14,400,593.64 drawing and MoRTH Technical Specifications 4,738.60 Section 2500. Providing Filter medium underneath stone pitching on slopes complete as per drawing and MoRTH cum - Technical Specifications section 2500. Providing weep holes 100mm dia. PVC pipe in drains Nr. as per drawing and MoRTH Technical Specification Clause 2700. Providing metal beam crash barrier (W type) complete as per drawing and MoRTH Technical Lm 2757.00 39,758 109,612,806.00 Specifications Clause 811.3. Providing Toe/Retaining Wall as per details a) RCC Retaining Wall Earth work in excavation for all type of soils to required line and grade including transporting for use (i) or disposal of surplus excavated earth with all leads cum 55.30 24,002.57 1,327,246.08 and lifts complete as per drawings and Technical Specifications Section 300. Plain Cement Concrete of Grade M -15 in levelling (ii) course below Retaining wall as per drawings and cum 5571.94 1,193.83 6,651,941.57 Technical Specifications Sections 1500, 1700 and Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 253 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Unit cost S. No Item Unit Quantity Total Cost (INR) Remark (INR) 2100. Reinforced cement concrete M15 in Retaining Wall (iii) complete as per drawing and Technical cum Specifications Sections 1500, 1700, 2100 & 2200. Reinforced cement concrete M30 in Retaining Wall (iv) (Foundation) complete as per drawing and Technical cum 7338.82 15,559.25 114,186,464.19 Specifications Sections 1500, 1700, 2100 & 2200. Reinforced cement concrete M30 in Retaining Wall (sub-Structure) complete as per drawing and (v) cum - Technical Specifications Sections 1500, 1700, 2100 & 2200. Providing Back filling behind abutments, wing walls and return walls, with selected imported granular (vi) material of approved quality including all leads and cum 1724.54 72766.26 125,488,612.27 lifts complete as per Technical Specifications Clause 305. Providing and laying in position Reinforced Cement Concrete of Grade M40 crash barrier including cost (vii) of reinforcement and formwork complete as per Lm - drawings and Technical Specifications Sections 1500, 1600, 1700 and 2700. Providing and fixing in position MS pipe on RCC (viii) crash barriers including fixtures or as directed by Lm - Engineer. Reinforced cement concrete M20 in Retaining Wall (ix) complete as per drawing and Technical cum 7693.00 447 3,442,463.64 Specifications Sections 1500, 1700, 2100 & 2200. Providing Filter media behind retaining walls with well packed material to specified thickness with smaller size towards the soil and bigger size towards (x) cum 2697.41 6,740 18,179,504.90 the wall complete with all leads and lifts as per drawings and Technical Specification Sections 2200, Clause 305. Providing weep holes in retaining walls with 100 mm (xi) dia. PVC pipes complete as per drawing and Nr. 114.91 8,618 990,311.62 Technical Specification Section 2700. (xii) Providing and fixing in position uncoated Fe500 Tonne 58,264.70 1,266.71 73,804,314.56 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 254 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Unit cost S. No Item Unit Quantity Total Cost (INR) Remark (INR) grade HSD reinforcement in retaining wall complete as per drawing and Technical Specifications Section 1600. b) PCC Toe/ Retaining Wall Earth work in excavation for all type of soils to required line and grade including transporting for use (i) or disposal of surplus excavated earth with all leads cum and lifts complete as per drawings and Technical Specifications Section 300. Plain Cement Concrete of Grade M -15 in levelling course below Toe wall/Retaining wall as per (ii) cum drawings and Technical Specifications Sections 1500, 1700 and 2100. Plain cement concrete M20 in Toe Wall/Retaining (iii) Wall complete as per drawing and Technical cum Specifications Sections 1500, 1700, 2100 & 2200. Providing and laying Dry Stone Boulder Apron complete as per drawings and Technical cum Specifications Section 2500. Providing and laying 300 mm dia NP-4 R.C.C. for utility duct Complete as per drawing and Technical Lm Specifications clause 1013 and Additional Technical Specifications Clause A-6. Stone masonry (Random Rubble Masonry) work in cement mortar 1:3 in drain complete as per drawing cum and MoRT&H Technical Specifications Sections1400, 2100 & 2200. Turfing slopes of new banks with rough grassing including preparation of ground, supplying and planting doob grass roots, 15cm apart, supplying and Sqm 50 72,116 3,605,796.01 spreading farm yard manure at the rate of 0.18 cum per 100 sqm and loosening sil with kassi as per Technical specification Clause 307 Random Rubble Masonry in Cement Mortar 1:3 (in cum - open drain ) as per Clause 1405 Random Rubble Masonry in Cement Mortar 1:3 (in - Toe wall) as per Clause 1405 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 255 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Unit cost S. No Item Unit Quantity Total Cost (INR) Remark (INR) a) Plain Cement Concrete of Grade M -15 in levelling course below Toe wall/Retaining wall as per cum 5571.94 2961.20 16,499,616.88 drawings and Technical Specifications Clause 1500, 1700 and 2100. b) Random Rubble Masonry in Cement Mortar 1:3 as cum 3,256.00 15331.91 49,920,707.10 per Technical Specifications Clause 1405 7 Signage (Permanent) Included in Civil Cost 7.1 Informatory Sign Facility information Signs (600x800) No. 6,998.00 30 209,940 Facility information Signs (450x600) No. Route Marker signs (450x600) No. 4797.00 32 153,504 Object Hazard Marker Left & Right (300 x 900) No. 1069.00 0 Chevron Sign Post (665 x 880) No. 6998.00 200 1,399,600 Triangular sign (900 side) No. 6,998.00 432 3,023,136 Octagonal Stop sign 900 size No. 9009.00 2 18,018 Circular sign 600 dia No. 4933.00 428 2,111,324 Direction and Place Identification Signs 2040 mm x 1290 mm No. 1640 mm x 1290 mm 28105.75 50 1,405,287 No. 2205 mm x 2540 mm 74405.30 173 12,872,117 2240 mm x 2540 mm 8.0 Road Safety Measures (Permanent) Included in Civil Cost 8.1 Pavement markings with hot applied thermoplastic paints conforming to ASTM D36/BS-3262 (Part - I) as per drawing & MORTH Technical Specifications Clause 803. Lane/centre line/edge line/ transverse marking and any other markings Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 256 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Unit cost S. No Item Unit Quantity Total Cost (INR) Remark (INR) Centreline marking for 2-Lane as per IRC 35 sqm 795.00 23,703 18,843,594 Directional Arrows, lettering, etc, as per Drg. No. 61 of No MORTH "Type Design for Inter-sections on National 795.00 2,370 1,884,359 Highways”. 8.2 Providing and fixing retro-reflectorised road delineators complete as per drawing and MORTH Technical Specifications Clause 805 Road Delineators No. 1,069.00 1,523.00 1,628,087 Cantilever Overhead Sign sqm 0 11,285.00 Supplying and laying cement concrete kerb for median/island complete as per drawing and MoRTH Lm 354.00 43310.00 15,331,740 Technical Specifications Clause 409. Providing & painting of kerbs with two coats ordinary road marking paint (grade I as per IS 164) in black & sqm 0 white paint alternate bands complete as per drawing or Technical Specifications 803. Construction of footpath/separator by providing a 150 mm compacted granular sub base as per clause 401 and 25 mm thick cement concrete grade M15, over laid with precast concrete tiles in cement mortar 1:3 sqm 1170.00 7294.00 8,533,980 including provision of all drainage arrangements but excluding kerb channel as per drawing and MoRTH Technical Specifications Clause 410. Providing and fixing 1.2m high Pedestrian Guard rail complete as per drawing and Technical Specification Lm 1963.00 0 Clause 809. Provision of Audible and Vibratory Pavement Markings consisting of seven strips 65 mm wide each sqm 795.00 13709 10,898,496 with 750 mm gaps c/c complete as per drawing and Technical Specifications Clause 803.8. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 257 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Unit cost S. No Item Unit Quantity Total Cost (INR) Remark (INR) Provision of speed hump covered with premix bituminous carpet placed at junction roads to control speed to enter the project road, marked with white Lm 1702 63 107,226 strips of road marking paint complete as per drawing and Technical Specifications. Providing and fixing of reflective pavement markers (RPM) or road studs as per MoRTH Technical Nr. 230.00 36,168 8,318,640 Specifications Clause 804. Providing and laying of M30 grade interlocking concrete block pavements having thickness 75 mm including sand bed of 25mm as per drawing and sqm 700 112640.00 78,848,000 MoRT&H Technical Specifications Clause 1504, Additional Technical Specifation Clause A-5 and IRC- 63-2004 . 9 MISCELLANEOUS Included in Civil Cost 9.1 Providing and fixing reinforced cement concrete M 20 grade boundary stones, hectometer, km and 5th km Stones including excavation, foundation concrete in M 15 Grade, centering and shuttering and reinforcement including all inscriptions etc. complete as per drawings and MORTH Technical Specifications Section 800 a) Hectometer stones No. 617.00 424.00 261680.00 b) Kilometre stones No. 2330.00 85.00 198050.00 c) 5th Kilometre stone No. 3775.00 21.00 79275.00 d) Boundary stones No. 802.00 1,060.00 850120.00 9.3 Junction Improvement Supplying and laying cast in situ cement concrete 283200.00 kerbs section complete as per drawing and MoRTH Lm 354.00 800.00 Technical Specifications Clause 409. (For Junctions). Total 1358,742,630.00 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 258 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar C. Monitoring Cost S. Type of Stage Monitoring Location Unit Cost Number of Samples Cost No. Monitoring At 4 locations thrice in a year for 3 years, Monitoring along the 5,000 for 24 hours in 3 shifts (Total 3x36 = 108 5,40,000 road by contractor Samples) Monitoring at Hot mix At 3 locations thrice in a year for 3 years, Construction plant and batch plant 5,000 for 24 hours in 3 shifts (Total 3x27 = 81 4,05,000 (ambient air quality) Samples) 1 Air Quality Monitoring at Hot mix At 3 locations thrice in a year for 3 years plant and batch plant 5,000 135,000 Total 3x9 = 27 Samples (Stack Monitoring) Monitoring along the At 4 locations thrice in a year for 1 years, road at locations where Operation 5,000 for 24 hours in 3 shifts (Total 4x3x3 = 36 180,000 monitoring was done Samples) during constructions Drinking water quality At 4 location, Thrice in a year for 3 years. Construction monitoring of labor 5,000 180,000 Total 4x3x3 = 36 samples camps/ works site Water 2 Monitoring along the Quality road at locations where At 4 location, Thrice in a year for 3 years. Operation 5,000 60,000 monitoring was done Total 4x3x = 12 samples during operation Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 259 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar S. Type of Stage Monitoring Location Unit Cost Number of Samples Cost No. Monitoring Monitoring along the At 3 location, Thrice in a year for 3 years Construction Hot mix plant and Batch 2,000 for 24 hours in day time & night time. 54,000 plant Total 3x3x3 =27 Samples Noise 3 Monitoring along the Quality road at locations where At 3 locations, Thrice in a year for 1 years Operation 2,000 18,000 monitoring was done (Total 3 x3x1 =9 Samples) during constructions Monitoring along hot At 3 locations, thrice in a year for 3 years Construction mix plant and batch 2,500 67,500 Total 3x3x3 = 27 samples 4 Soil Quality plant Monitoring at hot mix At 3 locations thrice in a year for 1 year Operation 2,500 22,500 plant and batch plant (Total 3x3x1 = 9 samples) Total Monitoring Cost ‘C’ 1,662,000 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 260 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar D. Enhancement Remarks S.No Unit Quantity Unit Cost Item Cost 1 Landscaping Cost included in 1.1 Junctions locations No. 100 800 80000 afforestation cost Cost included in 1.2 Water body locations No. 3000 100 300000 afforestation cost Cost included in 2 Green belt development with tree guards afforestation cost At sensitive receptors Cost included in Hospitals (72+437 - 72+444, 83+323 - 83+339, afforestation cost 93+947-93+970- Total 46 m) Schools (4+596 to 4+614, 8+772 to 8+807,14+569 to 14+591,16+488 to 16+528,17+063 to 17+100,18+159 to 18+164,20+985 to 21+038,21+675 to 21+688,24+577,29+249 to 29+314,29+318 to 29+335, 29+416 to 29+449,29+609 to 29+652,31+168 to 31+219, 32+685 to 32+711,36+028 to 36+043,39+902 to 39+916, 44+114 to 44+147,46+202 to 2.1 46+214,48+278 to 498+314, 49+334, 52+482 to No. 2000 800 1600000 52+517, 54+311 to 54+326,54+326 to 54+343,54+841 to 54+916, 57+088 to 57+094,57+099 to 57+111,57+108 to 57+124,67+431 to 67+441, 67+436 to 67+478,68+485 to 68+565,72+489 to 72+507,78+026 to 78+033, 78+489 to 78+496,78+496 to 78+536,78+723 to 78+808,81+014 to 81+022,92+389 to 92+418,94+257 to 94+270,100+931 to 100+991,102+720,112+499 to 112+505,117+799 to 117+807,118+417 to 118+430,71+050 to 71+109,75+610 to 76+850 - 46 No) Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 261 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of Birpur-Udakishanganj EIA /EMP Report Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Remarks S.No Unit Quantity Unit Cost Item Cost At realignment locations viz. Cost included in km 33 (km 31.800 to km 32.200) in Ganapat Ganj. afforestation cost (Length = 400 m) 2.2 km 44 (km 43.50 to km 44.40) near Pipra Town. No. 500 800 40000 (Length = 700 m) Km 64 (km 62.600 to km 63.250) (Length = 600 m) Km 88 (km 88.250 to 88.620 (Total Area 7.04 ha) As per EMP Workshops in including Publication/ printing of 2.3 modules L.S - 2000000 brochures/ leaflets developed 4020000 Sub Total ‘D’ 27031107 Total EMP cost ( A+B1+B3+ C+D 2.3) BUDGET SUMMARY 22739107 Total A forestation Cost 630,000 Subtotal A: Mitigation Cost 1,662,000 Subtotal B: Monitoring Cost 2,000,000 Sub Total C: Training & Mobilization Costs 27031107 Total 1351555 Contingency @ 5% TOTAL EMP BUDGETED COSTS 28382662 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 262 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar References: 1 Air (Pollution and Control) Act 1981, MoEFs, GoI 2 Bihar Ground Water (Regulation and Control of Development and Management) Act, 2006, Bihar Government 3 Bihar Statistical Handbook (2000-2006). Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Govt. of Bihar, Patna 4 Bihar through Figures (2007). Directorate of Economics and Statistics Bihar, Patna 5 Booklet (2009). Central Ground Water Board (Ministry of Water Resources, GoI), Mid Eastern Region, Patna. 6 EIA notification-2006, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 7 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 8 Environmental Impact Assessment Guidance Manual for Highways, MoEF - 2010 9 Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 10 Fly Ash Notification S.O. 763 (E) dated 14th September 1999 and as amended 3rd November 2009 11 Guidelines for the Measurement of Ambient Air Pollutants (Volume I), Central CPCB-May 2011 12 Indian Meteorological Centre, Patna 13 Respective IRC codes, Ministry of Road Transport and highways, GoI 14 The Ancient Monument and Archeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act 2010, Ministry of Law and Justice 15 The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary) Rules Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 263 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar 2008, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 16 The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 17 Water (Pollution and Control) Act 1974, MoEFs, GoI 18 Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 19 http://www.cpcb.nic.in 20 http://www.gov.bih.nic.in 21 http://www.indianetzone.com 22 http://www.moef.nic.in Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 264 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar Compliance of comments received from PCC Letter dated 19th September 2013 S. No. PCC Comments Reply th 1 Recent amendment to the 14 Following entry is added at section 1.3.1. September 2006 EIA notification may also be discussed in Section As per recent amendment of EIA Notification dated 22-8- 1.3.1 2013, (i) all Highway expansion projects under entry (ii) of column (3) and column (4) under sub-item (f) of item 7 of the Schedule shall not require Scoping and shall prepare EIA and EMP report on the basis of model TOR specified by the Ministry of Environment and Forests. (ii) The following entry shall be substituted under entry (ii) of column under sub-item (f) of item 7 of the Schedule “(II) Expansion of National Highways greater than 100 km involving additional right of way of land acquisition greater than 40 m on existing alignments and 60m on re-alignment on by- passes” . Since all the steps for obtaining EC have been accomplished before this notification (No Significance of the Notification). 2 The details of minor realignments Already mentioned in point 3.3.1.1.The deviation of are presented in Table 3.2 but the realignment is insignificant therefore the impacts analysis of alternatives has not also cannot be quantified. made as per discussion DPR representative had in the World Bank office. 3 Please refer to section 4.3.3. The Chainage wise Waterlogged Area statement under subheading Chainage wise Water logged The water logged area along the project road is only area…… “The area starts from KM 70m. The area starts from km. 2.300 and end at km 2.300”. It is not clear from the 2.370. A minor bridge is proposed in this area. statement where does it end and how much length of road alignment is getting affected due to water Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 265 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar logging problem. 4 Similarly under section 4.3.3.1 at This extract has been taken from Bihar Report the idea page 62, II paragraph states that behind the statement was to emphasis the outcomes of “water logging has adverse impact natural disaster like flood and it is not due to the project on the ecosystem like temperature stratification, variation in nutrient road .In fact post construction cross drainage of the area content and dissolved oxygen at will improve . different level”. 5 Social aspects need to be discussed Demographic profile and social impact assessment is in the report as per the report presented in chapter 4 under subheading 4.5. prepared in Social Impact Summarized RAP is given in annexure 4.9 fulfilling point Assessment. The same was xix and xxx of TOR. discussed with the DPR representative in the World Bank and as per the requirement of ToR clause No. xxx xxix. 6 Refer section 5.2.12: Impacts due to Out of 20.3288 ha of acquired land 3.7552 ha belongs to loss of productive soil : only Govt.(roads , canals and structures)and 16.57 ha is 20.3288 ha of land is ….. for private land(2.5936 ha is agricultural land and 13.98ha is widening of the project” The built up area ). breakup of land such as agriculture land, Forest land etc. need to be The top soil of 2.5936 ha ( 3890 cubic m) of agricultural discussed to assess impact on the land will be conserved for plantation developed on productive soil. junctions(7 major and 233 minor junction). 7 Predicted noise level need to be Predicted noise level results are incorporated in report presented in the Report on page no 121A-H. 8 Refer Table 7.6 Monitoring Plan for Complied the performance indicators, It has been identified that Air quality will be monitored during construction and operation phase of the project. The equipment used for monitoring pollutant such as PM10 and PM2.5 need to be mentioned such as Respirable Dust sampler and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) samplers in place of Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 266 MoRTH Rehabilitation and upgrading to 2 lane/2 lane with paved shoulder of EIA /EMP Report Birpur-Udakishanganj Section of NH-106 in the State of Bihar High volume sampler. 9 Refer section 5.5.2: a. Statement “Although no a. Compensatory afforestation and avenue impacts on fauna ………… certain plantation together will mitigate the adverse measures shall be taken” please impact on avifauna due to felling of trees. The mention the project specific cost of compensatory afforestation is 2.16 crore. measures and the cost of the same need to be included in the EMP. b. Last statement of this b. It is clearly stated in point no iv of TOR section state that” The enhanced (presented at MoEF for EC) that nearly 27,000 tree cover will provide …… nesting trees shall be planted along the project road on ground for the avi-fauna”. Only both sides. 2000 trees will be planted along the road as per the EMP budget consideration against 9000 trees to cut. Further, it is not clear whether 27042 number of tree under compensatory afforestation will be done along the project road. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd 267 MoRTH