86635 Managing Flood Risk in Guyana The Conservancy Adaptation Project 2008-2013 This report was prepared by Isabella Bovolo with the Disaster Risk Management team of the La n American and Caribbean Unit of the World Bank and the Agriculture Sector Development Unit (ASDU) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guyana. The content is based on material produced by The Ministry of Agriculture (Guyana), Mo* MacDonald (UK), Dewberry (USA) and Tecnalia (Spain) for the Conservancy Adapta on Project (TF 91692) which was funded by a Global Environmental Facility (GEF) Special Climate Change Fund grant. This publica on was funded by the European Union in the framework of the ACP-EU Natural Disaster Risk Reduc on Program managed by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduc on and Recovery . The views expressed in this publica on are en rely those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union, the World Bank Group, its Execu ve Directors, or the countries they represent. The material contained herein has been obtained from sources believed reliable but it is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. © Interna onal Bank for Reconstruc on and Development / The World Bank MMXIV 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433, www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved Managing Flood Risk in Guyana The Conservancy Adaptation Project 2008-2013 Aerial view of East Demerara Water Conservancy headquarters at Flagstaff CABCDBCE Executive Summary 1 Drainage and Irrigation System 2 1. Conservancy Adaptation Project 5 1.1 Hydrological Data Collection 6 1.2 LiDAR and Bathymetric Surveys 8 1.3.1 Modeling - EDWC 10 1.3.2 Modeling - East Coast 12 1.3.3 Dam Stability 14 2. CAP Investments 15 3. Institutional Strengthening 15 Other Government Initiatives 16 Looking Forward 16 Further Information 16 Aerial view of coastal agricultural and urban areas TDFGBHFIJ SKLLIMN T he East Demerara Water Conservancy (EDWC) and east coast and coastal lowland areas in order to develop a program of strategic interven ons and policies aimed at CAP Objectives To strengthen understanding of the EDWC and the coastal drainage systems through the drainage and irriga on addressing recurrent systems provide water flooding and the an cipated development of a hydraulic engineering foundation critical for flood control storage and flood control impacts from sea level rise. management mechanisms for Guyana’s An engineering baseline most populous region, was developed based on: (i) To identify strategic interventions for follow- including the capital city of LiDAR (Light Detec on And on investments to reduce flood risk Georgetown. In 2005, Ranging) laser mapping To implement selected infrastructure extreme rainfall caused aerial surveys and high- investments aimed at increasing the drainage devasta ng flooding along resolu on aerial photo- relief capacity of the EDWC these coastal lowlands, with graphy, and (ii) ground- many areas remaining based bathymetric surveys. To strengthen institutional capacity to inundated for up to three These enabled the manage water levels in the EDWC weeks. The flood construc on of the first highlighted the vulnerability high-resolu on topographic and opera onal improve- being used by the of the EDWC dam to and land-use map for the ments aimed at enhancing Government to update the overtopping and poten al EDWC and east coast, na onal the flood control capacity of master-plan breaching. suitable for modeling water the EDWC. strategy for drainage and flow across the low-lying irriga on and to plan future The Conservancy Adapta- The project iden fied key region. (iii) A new hydro- investment programs for on Project (CAP) was investments totalling over meteorological monitoring reducing flood risk. conceived in the wake of US$ 123 million. These are system was also installed in the 2005 flood to help the and around the EDWC Government of Guyana adapt to the threats posed necessary for understand- Key Facts: ing hydro-dynamic process- Funded by: Global Environment Facility by future climate change. es and helping to monitor The aim was to reduce the (GEF) Special Climate Change Fund water-levels in the EDWC likelihood of catastrophic (SCCF) grant of US$ 3.8 million. on a near real- me basis, flooding along Guyana’s low and (iv) computer models of Dates: January 2008 to August 2013. -lying coastal areas, also the EDWC and east coast threatened by sea level rise. were set up for understanding how the Sluice at Ogle The aim of the CAP is to reduce the hydrological system varies under extreme weather likelihood of scenarios and for tes ng catastrophic flooding the impacts of various along Guyana’s low- proposed interven ons. The lying coastal areas project also financed specific rehabilita on The project financed a works, geotechnical studies comprehensive analy cal of the EDWC dam to assessment of the EDWC understand its stability, 1 DMIHBITD IBU IMMHTICHAB SNECDL G irriga on and household uyana’s low-lying use, and acts as a flood- Sea Level Rise coastal plains along control mechanism in the Sea level globally is rising at a rate of about 2- the Atlan c Ocean are wet season, when a 4 mm/year. highly populated and network of sluices and Tide-gauge records for Guyana from 1951- generally lie below sea canals helps to drain away 1979 show that, in Guyana, sea level is rising level. At least 40% of the excess water. Drainage at about 10 mm/year, much more than the Guyanese popula on of over three-quarters of a mostly func ons by gravity, global average. million people live in supplemented by pumps. Guyana’s Region 4, which includes the capital city Due to its age and to Georgetown. Region 4 is climatic pressures, bounded by the Demerara this system is now River to the west, the Atlan c Ocean to the north under increasing and the Mahaica River to stress. the east. Here, the coastal plains are situated between Due to its age and to a water storage basin called clima c pressures, this the East Demerara Water A seawall prevents flooding along the coastal plain system is now under Conservancy (EDWC) and a protec ve seawall complex. increasing stress. Sea level lowlands, with many areas opera ng levels, weakening A dense system of drainage rise, for example, poses a remaining inundated for up the dam and leaving it more and irriga on canals allows significant threat leading to to 3 weeks and water levels vulnerable to overtopping for bi-annual harvests of a reduc on in the amount reaching chest height in and poten al breaching. rice and sugar, which of water that can be many homes. Due to the Fortunately the dam did not account for over 25% of drained by gravity alone. inability of the system to breach but the 2005 flood GDP. drain away the excess water and other floods since then In January 2005, extreme quickly enough, water have highlighted the rainfall caused devasta ng levels in the EDWC were vulnerability of the system The drainage & flooding on the coastal significantly above safe to catastrophic failure. irrigation system is gravity-based, augmented by pumps. East Demerara Water Conservancy (EDWC) The EDWC was constructed around 1880 from several existing drainage The drainage and irriga on systems to form a more efficient water storage and distribution system and to act as a flood control reservoir. system originated during the Dutch colonial period It is bounded on 3 sides by a dam embankment (67 km length) made of (late 1600s) and has been clay, earth and organic pegasse (peat) and has 5 main drainage relief canals. expanded over me. The EDWC itself originates from It covers an area 571 km2 (an area 3.5 times bigger than Washington, the 1880s and stores water DC) and stores approximately 250 million m3 of water at the maximum safe-operating level. during the dry season for 2 January 2005 Flood The 2005 flood Over 1 m of rain fell in January 2005, nearly 5 times the normal amount, with 65 cm in just 5 days (an estimated return period of 1000 years). The extreme rainfall caused widespread flooding which affected almost half of Guyana’s population. Total damages from the disaster are estimated to have been US$ 465 million or 59% of Guyana’s GDP for 2004. MIZ A[ EDWC IBU EIEC CAIEC EGA\HBT D]CDBC A[ 2005 [JAAU Guyana Georgetown Coa sta l Lo wla nds ED WC m da da m C Kofi Relief W East Demerara Water ED EDWC Conservancy (EDWC) headquarters Land of Ca- Land of Canaan Relief m Cunha Relief da naan Relief C W r ED ve Ri a Lama Relief ar er m Maduni Relief De 3 Detail of sluice at Kofi 1. CABEDM^IBFN AUIZCICHAB PMA_DFC T he Conservancy Adapta on Project (CAP) was designed to help water flow over the rela vely flat terrain. These aerial surveys have been accompanied by extensive for flood zone manage- ment. designs Pre-engineering have completed for a set of been ment agencies involved in the management of the complex drainage system, as well as stakeholders, Guyana adapt to climate ground-based surveys to priori sed investments donors, prac oners and change by reducing the establish channel profiles aimed at significantly others, to ensure broader vulnerability of the low- and water depths. (2) A reducing the vulnerability of consensus and coordina on lying coastal areas to new hydro-meteorological the system to sea level rise on future ac on. catastrophic flooding. The monitoring system has been and extreme rainfall. 2 CAP, a Global Environment installed in and around the The CAP has led to Investments in Facility grant of US$ 3.8 EDWC, and flow measure- the identification of specific adapta on million, is a flagship project ments have been carried measures several short- to for Guyana and the out to help understand the Caribbean in applying hydrological behaviour of The CAP has funded specific medium-term modern technology to the EDWC system. (3) infrastructure investments strategic investments support a long term Computer models of the aimed at helping the totalling over US$ strategy to reduce flood EDWC system and east Government manage water 123 million risk. The project was coast drainage areas have levels in the EDWC and subdivided into 3 compo- been set up to help helping to increase drainage The CAP has led to the nents. understand how the capacity. In par cular the iden fica on of several 1 hydrological system varies two sluices at Lama, on the Pre-investment short- to medium-term under extreme weather eastern side of the studies for strategic investments scenarios and for tes ng conservancy, were engineering works totalling over US$ 123 the impact of various rehabilitated helping to million, including rehabilita- This component aimed to proposed interven ons. lower water levels in mes on of key drainage relief strengthen the Govern- of need, and a pontoon and channels and improved ment’s understanding of hydraulic excavator were conveyance within the the EDWC and coastal plain The CAP modeling purchased under the EDWC, strengthening of the drainage systems and studies have pin- project, to make it easier EDWC dam and various iden fy key areas for follow pointed strategic key and faster to reach areas of investments in the east -on interven on. the dam in need of repair. coast drainage systems. areas where 3 A hydrological engineering interventions would Ins tu onal Follow-up investments will founda on was created strengthening provide maximum lead to increased capacity using a combina on of improvements Government to manage water levels in state of the art aerial agencies have re- the EDWC and lessen the surveys and in-situ The CAP modeling studies ceived training in hydro- high vulnerability of the monitoring techniques. (1) have pin-pointed strategic meteorological monitoring, area to extreme climate Detailed aerial surveys of key areas where interven- use and applica on of events. The methodologies the area using LiDAR ons would provide LiDAR datasets, data employed in the CAP can be technology and ortho- maximum improvements to management and computer used as a template for photography have been used to produce a high- the EDWC discharge -based hydrological model- iden fying key areas for resolu on topographic map capacity and east coast ing. Furthermore, a series follow-on interven ons in drainage systems, cri cal of workshops have brought suitable for understanding other similar regions. together various govern- 5 1.1 HNUMAJATHFIJ DICI CAJJDFCHAB H case at 15 minute intervals. to collect channel profiles medium and high water ydrometric The sensors are actually and to measure discharge. levels, a rela onship can be Network: To pressure transducers and The ADCP transducer works developed so that discharge thoroughly understand the work by measuring the by emicng ’pings’ of sound can be calculated for any hydrological behaviour of pressure exerted by a at constant frequency into river level. the drainage system (see column of water above the the water, which bounce off The instrumenta on was Figure A), an extensive sensor and conver ng this suspended par cles or the installed in January and network of automa c to depth (making riverbed back to the February 2012 and hydro-meteorological adjustments for air device. The travelling me complements the exis ng instrumenta on has been pressure). of the sound and the na onal network of hydro- installed at several loca ons change of pitch (variable Discharge (the volume of meteorological instrumen- in and around the EDWC. due to the Doppler effect) water flowing in a channel ta on. Instrumenta on is pro- gives an es mate of during a given me interval) grammed to send data distance from which A baseline knowledge of the can be measured using a regularly to an online velocity, and hence hydrological system is vital boat-mounted Acous c central database using a discharge can be calculated. for contempla ng ra onal Doppler Current Profiler telemetry system, making it By collec ng discharge investments aimed at (ACDP) (see Figure D), easier and more efficient to measurements at a increasing the current which is manually pulled manage water levels in the par cular loca on, at low, discharge capacity of the across the width of the river conservancy on a near real- flood control system. me basis. Text message warnings can also be sent to AFAKECHF DAZZJDM CKMMDBC PMA[HJDM (ADCP) mobile phones when the water levels are too high. D The instrumenta on is composed of raingauges, water-level sensors and a current profiler. Tipping-bucket raingauges (see Figure B) record the amount and the intensity of rainfall. They work by funnelling rain into one of ADCP (above), example river velocity profile (below) and the sound- two small ‘buckets’ of emi4ng ADCP transducers (top right) known capacity (e.g. 0.2 mm), which pivot like a see- saw when full. Each bucket- p triggers a switch enabling a logger to record how much rain has fallen and when. Water-level sensors (see Figure C) measure water depth automa cally, in this 6 HNUMALDCMHF NDC\AMe A Instrumenta5on EDWC 30 SDI-12 water level sensors 38 FROG loggers for logging r data (with inbuilt telemetry) i ve R a 8 0.2 mm Tipping-bucket ar er raingauges m De 2 Handheld Archer-pad field computers 1 Timeview data management Data collec5on sites system for web-access Raingauge = 8 sites Water level = 29 sites Flow gauging = 18 sites RIHBTIKTD WICDM LD^DJ GIKTD B C Calibrated stage-board for manual water level Stage-board Logger Protec5ve plas5c Tipping-bucket raingauges involve a casing bucket of Handheld known size computer which fills Water Level to down- with water load data and 5ps when full. Each 5p is Logger Water level recorded. sensor 7 1.2.LHDAR h BICGNLDCMHF SKM^DNE D etailed topographic and land-use maps are needed in addi on to mounted Global Posi oning System (GPS) receiver (for keeping track of the aircrai loca on), an Iner al earth eleva ons. A ver cal Digital Eleva5on Model accuracy of <± 9 cm at the (DEM): achieved. A DEM was 95% confidence limit was produced using the LiDAR data and was supplemented hydro-meteorological data Measurement Unit (INS) by aerial photography, Bathymetric surveys: The for understanding water (for keeping track of aircrai collected at the same me LiDAR beam does not flow over the low-lying rota on) and a laser range- as the LiDAR data. penetrate water surfaces, coastal plains. In the CAP, finder (which includes the so the LiDAR data was Use of datasets: These these were obtained using a laser source and detector, supplemented with exten- datasets provide essen al combina on of LiDAR, the scanning mechanism sive bathymetric surveys. baseline informa on and bathymetry and aerial and the ming and Bathymetry is the measure- have many uses, e.g. photography. processing system). ment of underwater relief topographic data is LiDAR (Light Detec5on And For the CAP, LiDAR data was (depth). In the CAP, depths necessary for land-use and Ranging) is an airborne collected during the dry- of areas of standing water drainage planning, prelimi- laser mapping and al metry season (April 19 and 25, were measured manually nary designs for infrastruc- system which produces 2011) when water levels from a boat, using range- ture projects and flood risk accurate and spa ally geo- and clouds were at their poles, along a 500 m grid management, and will help referenced land eleva on minimum. LiDAR was flown across the whole of the decision makers to manage data. It works by sending a over the EDWC, east coast conservancy. In the EDWC Guyana’s water-resources. laser light signal to the and Georgetown area, channels, data was ground and measuring how covering 1100 km2. collected with a portable long the pulse takes to echo-sounder. GPS meas- The data was filtered and return. Data collec on urements were taken at reduced to a 30 cm grid, usually involves an aircrai- each loca on. and processed to give bare- Legend LiDAR 5m Grid EDWC Channel Network Digital Eleva5on Model (DEM) produced using LiDAR surveys 8 LiDAR image of Ogle Airport, coloured to show point eleva5ons. Aircra=-mounted LiDAR system Definitions: Bathymetry is the measurement of underwater relief, the equivalent of underwater topography. DEM stands for Digital Elevation Model, also known as DTM or Digital Terrain Model. It is a 3 dimensional representation of a terrain. Echo-sounder a device for measuring water depth using sound (sonar). GPS stands for Global Positioning System. It Z is a satellite navigation system used to provide Y ground position and time. GPS X LiDAR stands for Light Detection and Ranging. It is an airborne laser mapping and INS X altimetry system which produces accurate and Y spatially geo-referenced land elevation data. Laser scanner Z m GD stands for meters above Georgetown Datum, a local reference point set to 17.07m below mean-sea-level. In these terms, the GPS Base sta on EDWC dam crest-level is at 18.29 m GD. 9 Schema5c of the EDWC hydraulic model Georgetown New Hope-Dochfour Relief Canal Demerara River Kofi Sluice i Land of Canaan Sluice Flagstaff (EDWC headquarters) Lama Sluice Cunha Sluice Maduni Sluice Schema5c image of the EDWC showing sluice loca5ons and main hydrological network 10 1.3.1 MAUDJHBT—EDWC C 1000 and 10,000 years, with the conservancy would poten al new interven ons omputer models are storm-dura ons of up to 40 have been above the safe aimed at improving an important tool days. opera ng level of the dam. drainage capacity in the for water-resources man- However, the improve- conservancy. The models The models were agement because they can ments made since 2005 show that water levels in calibrated and validated be used to test how the have greatly reduced this the conservancy are using historical data system works under risk, except along parts of generally shallowest in the collected during the 2005 different climate or land- the northern perimeter vicinity of Land of Canaan. floods and new data use scenarios. Hydrological dam. Furthermore, the Increasing the conveyance collected during the CAP, models focus on water models show that the new of internal channels including the January to movement and distribu on, Hope-Dochfour canal will combined with increasing March and May to July 2012 whereas hydraulic models reduce water levels even the discharge capacity to rainy seasons. deal more with the further so that water levels the Demerara river will mechanics of water flow. The calibrated models were around all of the conservan- therefore help lower water used to test the system: (i) cy will remain below safe levels in the rest of the In the CAP, a hydrological under 2005 condi ons, opera ng level. conservancy even further. model was used to provide where only the Land of the spa al and temporal In fact, the new Hope- Further modeling studies Canaan sluice drained water inputs necessary for Dochfour canal, once have also been made to into the Demerara river; (ii) running a one-dimensional opera onal, will significant- inves gate op ons to for current condi ons, with hydraulic model, linked ly improve drainage from improve flood management the Cunha and Kofi sluices with a series of storage the conservancy and the and water storage demands opera onal; and (iii) under cells, giving a two- models show that even for in the EDWC. The near-future condi ons with dimensional representa on an extreme 10,000 year recommenda ons made the new Hope-Dochfour of the conservancy system. rainfall event (an event will help the Government canal opera onal, draining much more severe than in revise the opera onal To set up the models, into the Atlan c Ocean. 2005), water levels in the management of the EDWC. spa al data and technical The results of the models EDWC will not reach the top parameters are required, show that in 2005, even a of the dam. including topography, land 50-year rainfall event would use, soil types and The models were also able have meant that water- proper es, water-ways and to test the impact of levels throughout most of infrastructure. In the CAP, these were obtained from LiDAR and other surveys. To run and calibrate the models, all inputs and outputs to the system are required, such as rainfall, climate data, and river flow, which were obtained from the hydro-meteorological monitoring system and exis ng dal datasets. The models were run for rainfall return periods of 50, 100, Land of Canaan 5-door sluice 11 1.3.2 MAUDJHBT-EIEC CAIEC H ydraulic modeling of the coastal lowlands of Region 4, also bounded by roads and other embankments that are connected through a series of drains to the known as the east-coast primary drainage network. Demerara, was carried out The modeling therefore to assess the drainage priori sed the modeling of capacity and to test op ons the main drainage network for improving the system. above the secondary and ter ary drainage systems. Several drainage areas Ogle pumping sta5on along the east coast were Walkover surveys and iden fied as being LiDAR surveys were used to proposed interven on with the modeling that many of vulnerable to flooding iden fy the complex the area of land which the key components of following a series of site network of drains, inter- would benefit from the exis ng drainage facili es visits and stakeholder linkages, flow direc ons proposed interven on were designed for discussions. To select and other characteris cs of (worked out by comparing agricultural drainage and priority areas for detailed the drainage regime needed the area of land which not for the mixed urban and modeling, a mul -criterion for building the models. Six currently becomes agricultural land uses that analysis was used which models were set-up, one for inundated during a 50-year now exists in many areas. considered frequency of each drainage area, rainfall event against the The Liliendaal regime for flooding, rate of dissipa on, however as canal water area of land which would example, no longer holds popula on, affected levels have not been remain dry following the agricultural lands at all. agricultural areas and key recorded or monitored, the proposed works). areas of infrastructure and models are necessarily The results of the cost- agricultural significance. uncalibrated. benefit analysis shows Following the analysis, 6 The models were used therefore, that in most The models were used to broad drainage areas were to test a number of cases, separa on of urban test a number of interven- iden fied. interventions which and agricultural drainage ons which would improve Conceptually, the coastal drainage and reduce the would improve areas, providing different levels of service to both, drainage system, par cular- area prone to flooding. An drainage and reduce would be most beneficial. ly in urban areas, can be analysis of the costs and the area prone to Other recommenda ons considered to comprise a benefits of the interven- flooding include addi onal pumping number of discrete ons was carried out by capacity in many areas, and drainage compartments, comparing the costs of the Op ons considered for resizing of outlet systems interven ons include in- and culverts. creased pump capaci es, increased culvert widths, adding water storage areas, channel improvements and separa ng urban and agricultural drainage sys- tems. Drainage canal at Ogle It became evident during 12 Map of East Coast Demerara highligh5ng selected MAUDJDU DMIHBITD RDTHLDE drainage areas 1. Liliendaal 2. Ogle 1. 3. Montrose & Sparendaam 4. Mon Repos & Annandale 2. 5. Enterprise, Strathspey & Paradise 3. 6. Beehive and Clonbrook 4. 5. 6. Pumping Sta5on 1 & 2 Primary drainage routes Schema5c of Ogle drainage system model (lower centre), drainage compartments (lower le=) and primary and secondary drains with their associated catchment areas (lower right) . 13 Nomenclature of the EDWC dam for the North Dam purposes of the CAP Nancy Annandale Northeast Dam Shanks West Dam Flagstaff Cunha East Dam Maduni The new excavator and pontoon at work in the conservancy Historical EDWC dam breach Dam slip at the old Shanks sluice loca5on in 2011 studied in the CAP 14 1.4 DIL SCIpHJHCN T reasonable, he exis ng EDWC marginally old. Due to its age, it has but short dam is over 130 years interna onal standards. Under certain condi ons, falls and Flagstaff Mahaica, is of the most fragile part of the dam and in need of rehabilita on. It is founded side slopes are very steep, the crest is very narrow and it is overgrown. It therefore does not meet interna onal had many minor slope on pegasse (peat) to a standards, but it is s ll however, the stability of the failures, which have depth of up to 4m, and is considered stable. dam becomes marginal, as generally been repaired constructed of very soi evidenced by the historical Possible designs for the without consequences. clays with a high pegasse incidence of localised rehabilita on of the dams However, these failures content. The north dam, instability. One such have been drawn up with indicate the fragile nature between Nancy and instability occurred at the the recommenda on that of the dam. Annandale, and the east old Shanks sluice loca on in the rehabilita on of the dam between Flagstaff As part of the CAP, a 2011. Although the failure north east dam be carried Mahaica and the Maduni geotechnical stability did not result in a breach, it out first. Creek, have also been analysis has been carried provided an opportunity to found to have marginal out on the dam. For most study and understand slope stability. The west dam, of the dam, the study stability parameters. from Nancy to the Cunha supports the historical The results of the study Canal on the east bank is evidence which suggests show that the north east built on and constructed of that earthwork stability is dam, between Annandale be*er clays, however the 2.CAP IB^DECLDBCE I n addi on to the non- structural flood risk reduc on measures (i.e. Conservancy. A long-boom excavator was purchased and a floa ng punt and pontoon were also thereby improving dam safety. The purchase and installa on of the hydrological instrumenta- Finally, other essen al surveying equipment, office supplies and compu ng equipment were also data collec on, engineering designed and constructed on has also helped purchased under the studies, drainage modeling, under the project. This has manage the conservancy project. dam designs etc.), the CAP improved drainage and water levels on a near real- has funded the complete helped to rapidly mobilize me basis, and contributed rehabilita on and upgrade equipment to areas of the to the na onal weather- of the two sluices at Lama dam in need of repair and forecas ng system. on the eastern side of the respond to dam breaches, 3. IBECHCKCHABIJ SCMDBTCGDBHBT I n order to ensure the sustainability of the CAP results, training has been ment agencies in the use and maintenance of hydro- meteorological instrumen- ta on, the analysis and and other remote sensing management of the datasets, data manage- drainage and irriga on ment, dam safety and system. hydrological modeling. This given to various govern- poten al uses of the LiDAR will help strengthen the 15 OCGDM GA^DMBLDBC IBHCHICH^DE S including those at Cunha eastern side of the EDWC ince 2005, the and Kofi. Also, a new ...these improvements during mes of flood. The government has channel was excavated have increased construc on includes a new been carrying out several from the northern borrow outflow capacity of intake regulator, a bridge improvements to the channel near Flagstaff to over the public road and a the EDWC by 25% drainage system in parallel the Kofi waterway to sluice at the Atlan c Ocean. with the CAP. For instance, improve conveyance within during 50 and 100- The CAP modeling results the EDWC dam has been the conservancy. The year flood scenarios show that this relief reinforced in several places, modeling results show that channel, once opera onal, maintenance and repairs these improvements have Addi onally, and important- will lead to a significant have been carried out and increased ouqlow capacity ly, a new relief canal is reduc on in water levels in several sluices, relief- of the EDWC by 25% during being built at Hope Doch- the EDWC, par cularly in structures and channels 50 and 100-year flood four to help relieve the north-eastern corner of have been rehabilitated, scenarios. discharge pressure on the the EDWC. LAAeHBT FAM\IMU A s previously indicat- ed, the generated a porqolio of CAP including addi onal pump capaci es, channel and culvert widening separa on of urban and and The results and investments iden fied under the CAP have contributed to and have been incorporated demonstra on for the development of adapta on interven ons that can be implemented in similar recommended discrete and agricultural drainage, and within the Government’s contexts in Guyana, other strategic investments safety improvements to drainage and irriga on countries in the Caribbean totalling approximately US$ exis ng water control master-plan for Region 4 and elsewhere. 123 million, to include structures. (part of the na onal plan). interven ons such as The CAP technical The CAP technical excava ons within the the CAP generated a founda on and pre- foundation and pre- EDWC and op miza on of engineering studies portfolio of engineering studies will drainage towards the recommended help policy-makers plan will help policy- Demerara River, reconstruc- discrete and strategic targeted flood-reduc on makers plan targeted on of all sides of the EDWC measures and interven ons flood-reduction dam, various interven ons investments for Region 4. However, the along the east coast measures CAP also serves as a FKMCGDM IB[AMLICHAB For further informa on related to the CAP, or for access to any of its datasets, please contact: Agriculture Sector Development Unit (ASDU) Ministry of Agriculture Mr. Fredrick Flatts Regent Street & Vlissengen Road Senior Civil Engineer Bourda Tel: +592 227 3752 Georgetown Email: freddyflatts@live.com Guyana, South America 16 Pump at Liliendaal