INTERNATIONAL DEBT STATISTICS 2020 International Debt Statistics 2020 International Debt Statistics 2020 © 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 22 21 20 19 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpreta- tions, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. 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Table of Contents Forewordvii Botswana 38 Brazil 39 Acknowledgmentsix Bulgaria 40 Burkina Faso 41 PART I: Overview 1 Burundi 42 Cabo Verde 43 Executive Summary 3 Cambodia 44 Aggregate Financial Flows to Low- and Cameroon 45 Middle-Income Countries 5 Central African Republic 46 External Debt Stocks in 2018 7 Chad 47 External Debt Flows in 2018 8 China 48 Borrowing Activities of IDA-Only Countries 10 Colombia 49 Debt Indicators, 2009–18 11 Comoros 50 Equity Flows in 2018 12 Congo, Democratic Republic of 51 Congo, Republic of 52 PART II: Aggregate and Country Tables 15 Costa Rica 53 Côte d’Ivoire 54 All Low- and Middle-Income Countries 17 Djibouti 55 East Asia and Pacific 18 Dominica 56 Europe and Central Asia 19 Dominican Republic 57 Latin America and the Caribbean 20 Ecuador 58 Middle East and North Africa 21 Egypt, Arab Republic of 59 South Asia 22 El Salvador 60 Sub-Saharan Africa 23 Eritrea 61 Afghanistan 24 Eswatini 62 Albania 25 Ethiopia 63 Algeria 26 Fiji 64 Angola 27 Gabon 65 Argentina 28 Gambia, The 66 Armenia 29 Georgia 67 Azerbaijan 30 Ghana 68 Bangladesh 31 Grenada 69 Belarus 32 Guatemala 70 Belize 33 Guinea 71 Benin 34 Guinea-Bissau 72 Bhutan 35 Guyana 73 Bolivia, Plurinational State of 36 Haiti 74 Bosnia and Herzegovina 37 Honduras 75 v T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S India 76 South Africa 122 Indonesia 77 Sri Lanka 123 Iran, Islamic Republic of 78 St. Lucia 124 Jamaica 79 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 125 Jordan 80 Sudan 126 Kazakhstan 81 Syrian Arab Republic 127 Kenya 82 Tajikistan 128 Kosovo 83 Tanzania 129 Kyrgyz Republic 84 Thailand 130 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 85 Timor-Leste 131 Lebanon 86 Togo 132 Lesotho 87 Tonga 133 Liberia 88 Tunisia 134 Madagascar 89 Turkey 135 Malawi 90 Turkmenistan 136 Maldives 91 Uganda 137 Mali 92 Ukraine 138 Mauritania 93 Uzbekistan 139 Mauritius 94 Vanuatu 140 Mexico 95 Venezuela, RB 141 Moldova 96 Vietnam 142 Mongolia 97 Yemen, Republic of 143 Montenegro 98 Zambia 144 Morocco 99 Zimbabwe 145 Mozambique 100 Myanmar 101 Nepal 102 APPENDIX: About the Data 147 Nicaragua 103 Niger 104 User Guide to Tables 149 Nigeria 105 User Guide to IDS Online Tables North Macedonia 106 and Database 151 Pakistan 107 How to Access IDS Online Country Tables 151 Papua New Guinea 108 Indicators153 Paraguay 109 How to Access the Database 155 Peru 110 Philippines 111 Data Sources and Methodology 157 Romania 112 Data Sources 157 Russian Federation 113 Methodology158 Rwanda 114 External Debt and Its Components 160 Samoa 115 Data Documentation 163 São Tomé and Príncipe 116 Sources of the Macroeconomic Indicators 167 Senegal 117 Country Groups 169 Serbia 118 Regional Groups 169 Sierra Leone 119 Income Groups 170 Solomon Islands 120 Glossary171 Somalia 121 Debtor Reporting System (DRS) 171 vi Foreword T oday’s landscape of development finance is marked by the growing debt vulnerabilities of low- and middle-income countries. The post-2008 Sustainable borrowing is an important tool for economic growth and poverty eradication. It boosts countries’ capacity for long-term financing financial crisis era is characterized by a rapid rise to invest in infrastructure, education, employment, in lending to them, fueled by factors including and health. However, the rapid rise in debt accu- buoyant commodity prices, quantitative easing, mulation and the shifts in debt composition pose and low interest rates in high-income countries. new challenges for managing it. For both borrow- With increased access to international capital ers and creditors to safeguard debt sustainability, markets, many low- and middle-income countries and for governments to design effective macroeco- shifted away from traditional sources of financing nomic policies, debt transparency is critical. and experienced a sharp rise in external debt, rais- Accurate and comprehensive information on ing new concerns about sustainability. the levels of debt, as well as its composition, is Among the low- and middle-income coun- more necessary than ever. tries, several IDA-only countries have been record- This year’s International Debt Statistics (IDS) ing the highest increases in external debt since presents the freshest data on trends in external the 2008 crisis. By the end of 2018, IDA-only debt in low- and middle-income countries. IDS countries had accumulated a total of $387 billion now provides the clearest picture yet of govern- external debt stock, more than double the level of ment borrowing and sources of lending by type of a decade earlier. External debt among Sub-Saharan creditor, with increased perspicuity on data avail- African countries grew faster than in other regions: ability and improved data comparability. For the Over half of the countries in the region have seen first time, IDS features detailed data on borrowing their external debt stocks double. The increase in by public corporations and guarantees provided external debt stock over the same period is more by governments, which sheds light on their contin- pronounced for some countries: 885 percent for gent liabilities. Ethiopia, 521 percent for Zambia, 437 percent for IDS 2020 provides a select set of indicators, Uganda, and 395 percent for Ghana. with an expanded data set available online. The Ghana’s sovereign Eurobond, issued in 2007, World Bank is committed to continue working marked the entry of African countries into the with governments and partners to improve data international capital markets. Since then, 12 other coverage, quality, and timeliness and to promote IDA-only countries have gained market access with greater debt transparency and sustainability. bond issuance and other private sources of financing. The sovereign borrowers in Sub-Saharan Africa have David Malpass accumulated $116 billion in bonds, and 89 percent President of those bonds were issued by IDA-only countries. The World Bank Group vii Acknowledgments T his volume was prepared by the Debt Data Team of the Development Data Group (DECDG) at the World Bank, led by Evis Rucaj Valuable input was provided by the Office of the Senior Vice President, and by the Chief Economist, Development Economics. under the management of Haishan Fu, Director, International Debt Statistics electronic prod- and comprising Parul Agarwal, Arzu Aytekin ucts were prepared by a team led by Malarvizhi Balibek, Allen Charles Church Jr., Wendy ­ Ven-dee Veerappan and comprising Ramgopal Erabelly, Huang, Daniella Kathyuska Bolanos Misas, Rajesh Kumar Danda, Karthik Krishnamoorthy, Malvina ­Pollock, Rubena Sukaj, and Rasiel Vellos, and Ugendran Machakkalai. The cover was who worked closely with other teams in DECDG. designed by Jomo Tariku and Parul Agarwal. The team was assisted by Christelle Kouame. The Jewel McFadden from DEC Knowledge and overview of current ­developments was prepared Strategy and Susan Graham and Orlando Mota by the Debt Data Team of DECDG; country from Global Corporate Solutions, Design and economists reviewed the data tables. The work Publications, coordinated the publication and dis- was carried out under the direction of Haishan Fu. semination of the book. ix PART I Overview 1 1 Executive Summary Financial flows to low- and middle-income countries came under pressure in 2018 due to a combina- tion of factors impacting the global economy, including rising U.S. interest rates and dollar appreciation, trade tensions, and general concerns about a slowdown in growth. These pressures were exacerbated by idiosyncratic country factors, including acute external financial vulnerabilities (for example, high external debt combined with low foreign exchange reserves), worsening domestic economic and political risk, or exposure to mounting trade tensions. Overall financial inflows to low- and middle-income countries (debt and equity) fell 19 p­ ercent relative to the 2017 level. Central to this picture was China, which received over 42 percent of the net financial flows to low- and middle-income countries in 2017–18, a reflection, in part, of China’s efforts to open its domestic bond and stock markets, and of the Morgan Stanley Capital Investment’s (MSCI’s) decision to include Chinese stocks in its benchmark indexes. Net financial inflows to China fell by a modest 4 ­ percent in 2018, compared to a 29 ­ percent decline to other low- and middle- income countries. The volume of financial flows to China and the level of its external debt stock are not large relative to the size of the domestic economy— Chinese debt as a share of GNI was 14 ­ percent in 2018—but they are significant relative to other low- and middle-income countries, and they dominate the aggregate trends. To assist in the interpretation of the data, this report looks beyond the headline num- bers to outcomes and trends at the regional and country-specific level and for some sub-groups, including those eligible for IDA resources. Net financial (debt and equity) flows to where the net financial flows were, on average, low- and middle-income countries totaled $1 percent lower than in 2017. 29 ­ percent below trillion in 2018, but this was 19 ­ the 2017 level External debt stocks at the end of 2018 Driving the downturn was a 28 ­ percent fall approached $8 trillion, but the overall pace of in net debt inflows, to $529 billion, and a accumulation was much slower than in 2017 percent reduction in portfolio equity inflows, 49 ­ On average, the external debt stock of low- and to $35 billion. FDI inflows of $469 billion did middle-income countries rose 5.2 ­percent in 2018, not change much from 2017. The volume, and about half the rate of accumulation (10.4 ­percent) direction, of net financial flows in 2018, both in 2017. China’s external debt stock rose debt and equity, were propelled by outcomes percent, to $2 trillion—one quarter of the com- 15 ­ in China. It accounted for 49 ­ percent of the bined end-2018 external debt stocks of low- and combined net debt flows and 43 ­ percent of the middle-income countries. The average increase combined net equity flows to low- and middle- in 2018 external debt stocks in low- and middle- income countries in 2018. Net financial flows to income countries other than China was 2 ­ percent, percent in 2018, with an 18 ­ China fell 4 ­ percent but in some countries the increase was much decline in net debt flows largely offset by larger. Conversely, for several of the largest bor- higher equity inflows. This contrasted sharply rowers, including the Russian Federation, South with other low- and middle-income countries Africa, and Turkey, external debt stocks declined. 3 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 With debt stocks on the incline, debt burdens middle-income countries were unchanged from of low- and middle- income countries were the 2017 level. Short-term debt flows to low- and broadly in line with those of 2017 middle-income countries, other than China, con- The ratio of external debt to GNI averaged tracted 62 ­ percent in 2018, to $37 billion ($97 26 ­percent, while the debt to export ratio aver- billion in 2017). aged 101 ­ percent— only moderately lower than percent. About 45 ­ the prior year of 105 ­ percent of Bond issuance by low- and middle-income those countries’ debt to export ratio record over countries fell sharply 2018 150 ­percent, with the Sub-Saharan Africa region On average, bondholders accounted for half of dominating. net long-term debt inflows to low- and middle- income countries in 2018, and for many countries, Net debt inflows to low- and middle-income including some the world’s poorest, they were the percent in 2018, to $529 countries fell 28 ­ primary source of external financing. Low- and billion, driven by downturns in both long-term middle-income countries issued $302 billion in and short-term debt inflows. international bonds in 2018. This was 26 ­ percent Net long-term debt inflows fell to $304 billion lower than in 2017, when issuance hit an all-time ($409 billion in 2017) due to a sharp reduc- high of $405 billion. Global economic uncertain- tion in net inflows from bondholders. These fell ties, the tightening of capital markets, and for 47 ­percent, to $157 billion. The 86 ­ percent rise some countries, credit rating downgrades, drove in net inflows from multilateral creditors reflected the downturn. But 2018 was a banner year for the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF’s) sup- sovereign borrowers in Sub-Saharan Africa. New port for Argentina, which was the key factor in issuance by countries in the region, excluding the 86 ­percent rise in net inflows from multilat- South Africa, more than doubled, to a new high eral creditors in 2018. They rose to $61 billion, of $17 billion, and were characterized by longer of which half went to Argentina. Net inflows maturities; all issues included a 30-year tranche, from multilateral creditors to other low- and and all of them were oversubscribed. 4 O v e r v i e w Aggregate Financial Flows to Low- and Middle-Income Countries International financial flows to low- and ­ middle-income countries in 2018, debt and equity combined, percent lower than the comparable ­ totaled a little over $1 trillion. This was close to 20 ­ figure for 2017. Measured relative to GNI, ­ aggregate financial flows were equivalent to 3.4 percent, a marked decrease from 2017 (4.4 ­ percent recorded in 2010. percent), and well short of the 6.9 ­ Table O.1  Aggregate Net Financial Flows to Low- and Middle-income Countries, 2009–2018 US$ (billion) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Net financial flows, debt and equity 655.6 1,373.3 1,323.4 1,212.7 1,446.1 1,117.5 209.4 725.5 1,274.9 1,032.2 Percent of GNI (%) 4.0 6.9 5.7 4.9 5.5 4.1 0.8 2.8 4.4 3.4   Net Debt Inflows 170.8 719.8 715.2 580.0 804.6 525.3 -318.2 210.6 734.4 528.7   Long-term 137.9 290.5 406.1 459.2 439.8 383.1 162.3 247.4 408.6 303.8   Official creditors 81.5 74.8 35.6 31.7 28.3 46.2 47.9 62.4 56.4 78.5     World Bank (IBRD and IDA) 17.5 22.5 6.5 12.0 14.0 14.9 17.3 13.6 12.9 14.8    IMF 26.4 13.4 0.5 -8.4 -17.7 -7.2 4.8 5.0 3.6 30.9    Private creditors 56.4 215.6 370.4 427.5 411.5 337.0 114.5 184.9 352.2 225.4    Bonds 47.3 104.5 150.6 213.4 166.8 171.6 70.8 121.2 295.5 157.2     Banks and other private 9.1 111.2 219.8 214.1 244.6 165.4 43.7 63.7 56.7 68.1   Short-term 32.9 429.3 309.2 120.8 364.9 142.1 -480.5 -36.8 325.8 224.9   Net equity flows 484.8 653.5 608.1 632.7 641.4 592.3 527.6 514.9 540.4 503.5    Net FDI inflows 360.8 527.3 604.4 538.9 570.9 508.4 506.0 470.3 471.5 468.6    Net portfolio equity inflows 124.0 126.2 3.8 93.8 70.6 83.9 21.6 44.6 68.9 34.9 Change in reserves (- = increase) -622.8 -692.7 -454.8 -283.7 -519.1 96.9 607.6 277.4 -313.3 93.3 Memorandum item Workers remittances 270.9 299.8 337.9 364.2 384.4 412.9 426.1 415.4 446.7 481.5 Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System, International Monetary Fund, and Bank for International Settlements. Uncertainties in global financial markets international financial flows in 2018. Foremost is deterred investment in low- and middle-income the dominance of international financial flows to countries. The decline in net financial flows China, which absorbed almost 49 ­ percent of the was the result of a 27 ­ percent drop in net debt combined net debt inflows, and 43 ­ percent of the inflows (gross disbursements minus principal combined net equity flows to low- and middle- payments) and a sharp contraction in port- income countries in 2018. folio equity flows. Net debt inflows fell to Aggregate financial flows to China fell $529 ­billion in 2018, from $734 billion in 2017, 4 ­percent in 2018, with an 18 ­ percent reduc- and portfolio equity inflows fell 49 ­percent, to tion in net debt flows largely offset by a $35 billion. FDI equity inflows, long consid- ­ c orresponding 22 ­ p ercent rise in net equity ered the most stable and resilient component flows (box O.1). This was in marked contrast to of otherwise volatile financial flows, were aggregate net financial flows to low- and middle- $469 ­billion, unchanged from their 2016 and income ­countries, other than to China: These fell 2017 levels. 29 ­percent in 2018, with debt inflows 35 ­percent, The headline numbers mask an important and net equity inflows 21 ­percent, lower than the divergence in the volume and directional trend of comparable figures for 2017. 5 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 Figure O.1  Debt and Equity Flows to Low- and Figure O.2  Aggregate Net Financial Flows to Low- Middle-Income Countries, 2009–18 and Middle-Income Countries, excluding China, 800 2009–18 900 600 800 400 700 US$ (billions) 600 200 US$ (billions) 500 400 0 300 –200 200 100 –400 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 –600 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Net financial flows Net equity flows Net debt flows Foreign Direct Investment Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System; International Banks and other private (including short-term) Monetary Fund; and Bank for International Settlements. ­ Portfolio equity Official creditors Bonds Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System; International Monetary Fund; and Bank for International Settlements. ­ Box O.1  China Debt Increases in Response to Further Capital Liberalization Reforms Throughout the past decade, China has been stock market to those in Hong Kong SAR, far and away the largest recipient of financial China and Shenzhen is a prelude to connecting flows, debt and equity, to the low- and middle- to London in 2019 and the MSCI’s decision income countries. Net financial inflows to to include Chinese stocks in its benchmark China from 2009 to the end of 2018 totaled indexes; these actions raised investor demand $3.8 ­trillion—37 ­percent of net financial flows for renminbi-denominated bonds and stocks, to all low- and middle-income countries. The net currency and deposits, and trade credit. Portfolio financial flows to China were 54 ­ percent debt percent in 2018, and equity inflows increased 68 ­ and 46 ­ percent equity, primarily FDI. Two-thirds of the $38 billion in bonds issued by the public of the $257 billion in debt inflows was short- sector in 2018, 56 ­ percent were purchased by term debt. Regarding long-term debt, the largest nonresidents in domestic currency. share, 63 percent, constituted public and publicly guaranteed debt inflows. Nonguaranteed inflows to Chinese private-sector entities accounted for Figure BO.1.1  Aggregate Net Financial Flows only 37 percent of long-term debt inflows, and to China, 2009–18 percent of overall debt inflows. 10 ­ 800 China’s external debt stock at the end of 600 2018 was $1.96 trillion, 15 ­ percent higher than the comparable debt stock at the end 2017 400 US$ (billions) with short-term debt stock rising 18 ­ percent, 200 twice as fast as long-term debt. Most of the 0 increase in debt stocks in 2018 is attributable to local currency (renminbi) debt owed to non- –200 residents and directly linked to China’s measures –400 to increasingly liberalize the current and 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 capital account, to reform its foreign exchange Net financial flows Net equity flows Net debt flows administration, and to liberalize its financial Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System; International market. The direct connection of the Shanghai Monetary Fund; and Bank for International Settlements. 6 O v e r v i e w External Debt Stocks in 2018 decline. The outlier was Argentina where external debt stocks rose 19 ­ percent in 2018, ­attributable External debt stocks approached $8 trillion at in large part to the IMF economic support pack- the end of 2018 but, on average, the pace of age and increased short-term borrowing. For the accumulation was much slower than in 2017 remaining low- and middle-income countries, The total external debt of low- and middle-income (excluding China and the other top ten borrowers) countries rose 5.2 ­ percent in 2018, to $7.8 trillion, external debt stock rose, on average, 4 ­ percent in almost half the rate of accumulation (10.4 ­ percent) 2018, but for some countries it was much larger. recorded in 2017. The increase in debt stocks was Outcomes at the regional and country levels the outcome of net debt inflows of $529 billion were divergent. Countries in the Middle East and and valuation changes in year-on-year exchange North Africa region recorded the fastest accumu- rates in relation to the U.S. dollar (around half percent, lation in external debt stock, on average 6 ­ the external debt of low- and middle-income propelled by Egypt, which posted a 17 ­ percent countries is denominated in c ­ urrencies other than increase. At the opposite end of the spectrum, the U.S. dollar). Short-term debt was the fastest countries in Europe and Central Asia reported a growing component of external debt stocks in 5.5 ­percent reduction in external debt stocks from 2018. It rose 12 ­ percent, to $2.2 trillion, equiva- the 2017 level. lent to 28 ­ percent of total external debt stock. Viewed from the perspective of maturity Long-term external debt stocks rose 3 ­ percent, to structure and distribution by type of borrower: $5.7 ­trillion, at the end of 2018. 28 ­ percent of the combined end-2018 external The increase in external debt stocks was dom- debt stocks of low- and middle-income coun- inated by China, which accounted for one- quarter tries were short-term; 38 ­ percent were long-term of the combined end-2018 external debt stocks of obligations of public and publicly guaranteed low- and middle-income countries. China’s exter- borrowers; and 33 ­ percent were nonguaranteed nal debt stock rose 15 ­ percent in 2018; short-term long-term obligations of private entities. If China debt increased by 18 ­ percent, and long-term debt is excluded, the picture changes significantly: the by 9 ­percent. Outcomes in the remaining top ten share of short-term debt falls to 16 ­ percent, and largest borrowers (based on the end-of-2018 debt the share of long-term debt owed by public and stocks) were significantly different. For this group publicly guaranteed borrowers rises to 46 ­ percent. of countries, external stocks at the end 2018 were, The composition of China’s external on average, unchanged from the end-of-2017 debt stock— 62 ­ percent short-term debt, and level, and in some cases were lower. Russia’s 12 ­percent the long-term obligations of public sec- external debt stock contracted 12 ­ percent in 2018, tor borrowers at the end of 2018—is atypical for and South Africa and Turkey reported a moderate low- and middle-income countries. Figure O.3  External Debt Stocks of Low- and Figure O.4  Top Ten Borrowers, Change in External Middle-Income Countries, 2009–18 Debt Stock, 2017–18 3,500 Argentina 3,000 Brazil China US$ (billions) 2,500 India 2,000 Indonesia 1,500 Mexico Russian Federation 1,000 South Africa 500 Thailand 0 Turkey 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Other low- and middle-Income Public and publicly guaranteed (including IMF) 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 Private nonguaranteed US$ (billions) Short-term debt 2017 2018 Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. 7 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 Figure O.5  External Debt Stocks of Low- and External Debt Flows in 2018 Middle-Income Countries, Regional Trends, 2009–18 2,000 1,800 Net debt inflows to low- and middle-income coun- 1,600 percent in 2018, to $529 billion, driven tries fell 28 ­ 1,400 by downturns in both long-term and short-term US$ (billions) 1,200 1,000 debt inflows. Short-term debt flows to low- and 800 middle-income countries, other than China, con- 600 tracted 62 ­ percent in 2018, to $37 billion ($97 400 200 ­ billion in 2017). China accounted for 84 ­ percent of 0 the $225 billion in net short-term debt inflows to 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 all low- and ­ middle-income countries in 2018. Net Europe and Central Asia long-term debt inflows fell to $304 billion in 2018 Latin America and the Caribbean ($409 ­ billion in 2017). The primary factor was the East Asia and Pacific (excluding China) South Asia 47 ­ percent drop in net inflows from bondholders, Sub-Saharan Africa to $157 billion; this was partially offset by increased Middle East and North Africa inflows from commercial banks and other private Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. entities, which rose 20 ­percent, to $68 billion. Net inflows from official creditors rose 39 ­ percent, due to the 86 ­ percent rise in net Figure O.6  External Debt Stock of Low- and inflows from multilateral creditors. They climbed Middle-Income Countries, excluding China, to $61 billion, but this was the outcome of IMF Maturity Structure and Borrower Type, 2009–18 financing for Argentina—an IMF $57 billion 100 90 bailout package agreed in 2018; it accounted for 80 half of net inflows to low- and middle-income 70 countries from all multilateral institutions in 2018. 60 Excluding this transaction, net inflows from mul- Percent 50 40 tilateral creditors to other low- and middle-income 30 countries were unchanged from the 2017 level. 20 10 Net long-term debt inflows to public and pub- 0 licly guaranteed borrowers fell by one-third in 2018, 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 to $190 billion (from $285 billion). Net long-term Public and publicly guaranteed (including IMF) debt inflows to private non-guaranteed borrow- Private nonguaranteed Short-term debt ers also declined in 2018, falling by 8 ­ percent, to $113 billion ($124 billion in 2017). As a result, Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. Figure O.8  Creditor Composition of Net Long- Term External Debt Flows, 2009–18 Figure O.7  External Debt Stocks of China, Maturity 300 Structure and Borrower Type, 2009–18 250 100 90 200 US$ (billions) 80 70 150 60 Percent 50 100 40 30 50 20 10 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Banks and other private entities Public and publicly guaranteed (including IMF) Bondholders Private nonguaranteed Official multilateral creditors (including IMF) Short-term debt Official bilateral creditors Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. 8 O v e r v i e w Table O.2  Bond Issuance by Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2017–18 US$ (billion) Public issuers Corporate issuers All issuers 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 East Asia and Pacific 66.5 68.0 71.1 59.4 137.6 127.4 of which: China 33.3 38.1 61.1 50.4 94.4 88.5 Europe and Central Asia 41.9 30.9 20.5 11.4 62.4 42.3 Latin America and the Caribbean 87.1 69.2 34.3 21.3 121.3 90.5 Middle East and North Africa 15.7 12.7 0.3 0.3 16.0 13.0 South Asia 33.3 5.4 5.5 0.9 38.7 6.3 Sub-Saharan Africa 26.9 20.6 2.4 1.7 29.3 22.2 Low- and middle-Income countries 271.2 206.7 134.0 95.0 405.2 301.7 Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. public and publicly guaranteed borrowers’ share of the comparable figure for 2017, and characterized net long-term debt inflows dropped to 63 percent, by offsetting trends. Bond issuance by public sector down from 70 ­percent in 2017. entities in China rose to $38 billion, an increase of 14 ­percent from the prior year level, while issuance Bond issuance by low- and middle-income by private- sector entities contracted by 18 ­ percent countries fell sharply in 2018 over the same period, to $50 billion. In contrast to Bond issuance by the 122 countries reporting to China, bond issuance by other top ten borrowers the World Bank Debtor Reporting System (DRS) was down 39 ­ percent in 2018, to $141 billion, with a totaled $302 billion in 2018, 26 ­ percent below the notably sharp reduction by India, Russia, and South record high issuance in 2017 ($405 billion), but Africa. Issuance by other low- and middle-income still well above the comparable figure for 2016. percent, to $72 billion. countries fell a moderate 8 ­ Tighter capital market conditions, global eco- nomic uncertainties, and for some, credit-rating For sovereign borrowers in Sub-Saharan downgrades, deterred both public-sector and Africa, 2018 was a banner year for issuance private-sector borrowers. New issuance by sover- Sovereign bond issuance by Sub-Saharan countries percent eign and other public-sector entities fell 24 ­ continued apace in 2018 to reach a new record in 2018, to $207 billion, while new issuance by high of $17.4 billion (excluding South Africa)— private sector entities was down 29 ­ percent from well over double the $9 billion issued in 2017. its prior year level, to $95 billion. Major oil exporters, Angola and Nigeria, led the China accounted for 30 ­ percent of bond issu- way, issuing $3.5 billion and $5.4 billion, respec- ance by low- and middle-income countries in tively. Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, and Senegal 2018. Public and private sector entities in China each tapped the markets for around $2 billion. issued $89 billion in 2018, 6 ­ percent lower than Proceeds from these issuances were used for infra- Figure O.9  Net Long-Term External Debt Flows, Figure O.10  Bond Issuance by China and Other Borrower Composition, 2009–18 Top Ten Borrowers, 2017–18 450 Argentina 400 China 350 India US$ (billions) 300 250 Russia 200 South Africa 150 100 Other top ten borrowers 50 Other low- and middle-income 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Private nonguaranteed US$ (billions) Public and publicly guaranteed (including IMF) 2017 2018 Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. 9 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 structure financing, balance-of-payments support, its own. A substantial decrease was noted in the and refinancing of prior operations. All issues were borrowing from non-Paris Club bilateral credi- heavily oversubscribed, a reflection of investor tors, amounting to 17 ­ percent of the total share confidence in the region and attractive yields. The of new borrowing (a continued decline from the 2018 sovereign issues were characterized by longer 43 ­ percent share held in 2010), while Paris Club maturities, and all included a 30-year tranche. bilateral creditors have maintained the same share Between 2009 and 2018, sovereign borrowers in of 12 ­ percent in 2018 to financing developing Sub-Saharan Africa active in international markets economies. Bonds pushed new commitments in (excluding South Africa) issued around $46 billion; the IDA-only group to $6.5 billion, equivalent to a countries eligible for IDA resources accounted for 14 ­percent share during the year. 85 ­percent of those bond issues. Concerns that external debt in some IDA-only countries may be at or approaching levels that pose a high risk of debt distress had a minimal impact on the new borrowing. In 2018, public sector borrow- Borrowing Activities of IDA-Only ers contracted $46 billion in new external gross loan Countries commitments, just 4 ­ percent below the comparable figure for 2017, and brought total gross loan com- The combined external debt stock of countries mitments for the past decade, 2009–18, to $381 classified as IDA-only almost doubled levels of billion—of which, bilateral creditors accounted for 2009 44 ­ percent, and percent, multilateral creditors for 40 ­ Net debt flows to IDA-only countries reached private creditors (bondholders, commercial banks $25 billion in 2018, 32 ­ percent higher than the and other private creditors) 16 ­ percent. For subsets previous year, bringing external debt levels to of IDA-only countries, borrowing patterns differ $388 billion at end of the year. This marked a sharply. In Sub-Saharan Africa, several countries 6 ­ percent increase from the comparable figure for have regularly accessed international capital markets end-2017, and close to double the 2009 levels. in recent years, and/or borrowed from commercial Over 90 ­ percent of this debt was long-term. Net banks, raising their share of new external gross loan long-term inflows of public and publicly guaran- commitments from 2009 to 2018, to 25 ­ percent. The teed debt to IDA-only countries rose 17 ­ percent outcome was an increase in private creditors’ share in 2018, to $25.2 billion. This increase was of outstanding public long-term debt to 41 ­ percent at mainly led by a rise in net disbursements, which the end of 2018, compared to 17 ­ percent at the end continued an upward trajectory in 2018 with of 2009. an 19 ­ percent increase, reaching 37.4 billion. Notably, this increase was not matched by an increase in new external loan commitments by Figure O.11  Long-Term Commitments to IDA-Only public sector entities. New gross commitments Countries, 2015–18 in all IDA-only countries totaled $45.8 billion, a 100 percent decrease from 2017. The slowdown in 4 ­ 90 new borrowing underscores investors’ concerns 80 70 about debt sustainability in IDA-only countries, 60 Percent uncertainty in financial market, sluggish economic 50 growth, and low volumes of trade, because of the 40 30 trade wars that have slowed down the non-Paris 20 Club creditors into a lending stream to develop- 10 ing economies. This can serve as an indication for 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 expected lower debt obligations in the future. Multilateral lending Public sector entities in IDA-only countries Private creditors borrowed exclusively from multilateral creditors Bonds in 2018, which accounted for 46 ­ percent of their Bilateral lending to Paris club creditors total new commitments. IDA remained the largest Bilateral lending to non-Paris club creditors creditor in the region with a 26 ­ percent share on Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System. 10 O v e r v i e w In contrast, IDA-only countries in other regions in 2017. The low level of China’s external debt, have continued to rely primarily on concessional relative to GNI, 14 ­ percent, and to exports, financing from official creditors, with 58 ­ percent 68 ­percent, at end-2018 weighs heavily on these of their new gross commitments coming from averages. The ratio of external debt to GNI in multilateral creditors—an 18 ­ percent increase from other low- and middle-income countries, exclud- 2017. Bilateral creditors accounted for a 39 ­ percent ing China, averaged almost 35 ­ percent at the end share, with 21 ­ percent being attributed to non-Paris of 2018, and the external debt-to-exports ratio Club member countries, and 18 ­ percent to Paris was 120 ­ percent. Club ones. Bangladesh remained the largest IDA- Country-specific indicators vary widely, and only borrower with an external debt stock of $52 for many low- and middle-income countries, billion in 2018, with 33 ­ percent of its new gross they are on a deteriorating trajectory, giving loan commitments coming from IDA. credence to concerns about unsustainable debt Private creditors accounted for just 3 ­ percent burdens and the heightened risk of debt crises of external gross loan commitments over the in some countries. The ­ percentage of low- and same period. The divergent borrowing patterns middle-income countries with a debt-to-GNI ratio are reflected in debt indicators. The debt-to-GNI below 30 ­ percent fell from 42 ­percent in 2009 to ratio for IDA-only countries combined averaged 25 ­percent at the end of 2018. Thirty ­ percent of 32 ­ percent at the end of 2018; for countries in low- and middle-income countries had an external Sub-Saharan Africa, it averaged 30 ­ percent, and for debt-to-GNI ratio above 60 ­ percent at the end of those located elsewhere, it averaged 20 ­ percent. 2018, and in 9 ­ percent of countries, the ratio sur- passed 100 ­ percent. The debt-to-export ratio shows a parallel trend. At the end of 2018, 45 ­ percent of low- and Debt Indicators, 2009–18 middle-income countries had an external debt- to-export ratio of over 150 ­ percent, compared to Debt indicators confirm that debt burdens 25 ­percent in 2009, and in 25 countries, the ratio have contributed to economic vulnerabilities exceeded 200 ­ percent— double the number in On average, the external debt burden of low- 2009. and middle-income countries remains moder- Outcomes for countries in Sub-Saharan Africa ate. The ratio of external debt to GNI averaged are illustrative. About half of the countries in the 26 ­percent at the end of 2018, unchanged from region have seen external debt stocks double, and the prior year average, and the ratio of external in some instances more than triple, since 2009. debt-to-export earnings improved slightly, falling At the end of 2018, the average debt-to-GNI and to an average of 101 ­ percent, from 105 ­percent debt-to-export ratios of countries in the region, Figure O.12  External Debt-to-GNI Ratio, Low- and Figure O.13  External Debt-to-Export Ratio, Low- Middle-Income Country Distribution, 2009 and and Middle-Income Country Distribution, 2009 and 2018 2018 45 60 40 50 35 30 40 Percent Percent 25 30 20 15 20 10 10 5 0 0 Below 30% 30–40% 40–60% 60–100% Above 100% Below 100% 100–150% 150–200% 200–250% Above 250% 2009 2018 2009 2018 Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System; and International Sources: World Bank Debtor Reporting System; and International Monetary Fund. Monetary Fund. 11 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 excluding South Africa, was 32 ­ percent and FDI inflows to China over the past decade percent, respectively; the comparable ratios for 127 ­ totaled $2 trillion, well over twice the combined 2009 were 24 ­percent and 87 ­ percent, respectively. inflows to the next largest recipients, Brazil and India, with inflows of $541 billion and $336 bil- lion, respectively over the same period. There was some lessening of the concentration in FDI inflows Equity Flows in 2018 to low- and middle-income countries in recent years, with diversification to a wider pool of recip- Equity flows have been a key element of finan- ients. In 2018 China accounted for one- third of cial flows to low- and middle-income countries FDI inflows to low- and middle-income countries; throughout the past decade, averaging $570 bil- but its share of these flows has softened (in 2013 lion per annum and accounting for 49 ­ percent of its share was 50 ­ percent). aggregate flows (debt and equity combined). Most Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa recorded the percent, comprised FDI. equity inflows, 93 ­ largest rise in FDI inflows in 2018, up 17 ­ percent from the prior year to $24 billion, but this was FDI equity inflows in 2018 were unchanged attributable to the rebound of inflows to South from 2017, but with wide divergence at the Africa to $1.3 billion, from an outflow of $0.3 regional and country level billion in 2017, and a slowing of repatriation of FDI inflows to low- and middle-income countries earnings in Angola with concomitant reduction remained stable in 2018, totaling $469 billion, vir- in outflows to $5.9 billion ($7.3 billion in 2017). tually the same as in 2017. Inflows to China, the FDI inflows to other countries in the region were, world’s second largest FDI recipient, after the United on average, marginally higher in 2018 but with States, are worth noting: They rose 10 ­ percent in large divergence across countries. Heightened 2018, to $154 billion. Excluding China, net FDI risk perceptions reduced inflows to Nigeria by inflows to other low- and middle-income countries 43 ­ percent, to $2 billion. Inflows to Ghana fell fell, on average 5 ­percent in 2018; but the major 8 ­percent, to $3 billion, but those to the oil and factors of the downturn were FDI flows to Russia, gas sector remained strong. In Kenya inflows which dropped by almost $17 billion in response rose from negligible levels to a record $1.6 billion to geopolitical concerns, sluggish GDP growth, and across diverse industries, in response to measures divestments (sale of foreign affiliates to Russian to facilitate private investment and improve Doing investors). When China and Russia are excluded, Business rankings. In Uganda, FDI inflows were FDI inflows to other low- and middle-income coun- up 79 ­ percent, to $1.3 billion, mostly in the oil tries were $304 billion in 2018, about the same as and gas sector. Inflows to Ethiopia, the largest FDI the prior year. At the regional and country-specific recipient in East Africa, were resilient, despite an level there was wide divergence. 18 ­percent fall to $3.3 billion. Figure O.14  Net Equity Flows to Low- and Middle- Figure O.15  FDI to China and Other Low- and Income Countries, 2009–18 Middle-Income Countries, 2009–18 700 100 90 600 80 500 70 US$ (billions) 60 Percent 400 50 300 40 200 30 20 100 10 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Net FDI inflows Net portfolio equity inflows China India Brazil Other low- and middle-income countries Source: International Monetary Fund. Source: International Monetary Fund. 12 O v e r v i e w FDI inflows to countries in the East and economic conditions and a sharp reduction in Pacific region, other than China, rose 11 ­ percent mergers and acquisitions, from record levels in in 2018, driven primarily by a 50 ­ percent rise in 2017, reduced FDI inflows 13 ­ percent, to $56 bil- flows to Thailand, to $13.3 billion. These came lion. Inflows to Colombia fell 19 ­ percent, notably mostly from Asia investors, and they included in the oil sector. Flows to Argentina were resilient; new ventures and reinvestment by multinational despite economic turbulence, they rose 15 ­ percent, corporations with a long-time presence in the to $10.4 billion, buoyed by investments in shale country. FDI inflows to countries in South Asia gas production. Net FDI inflows to countries in the increased 6 ­ percent, to $45 billion. Inflows to Middle East and North Africa region fell 6 ­ percent India rose 6 ­ percent, to $39.4 billion, reflecting because of lower inflows to the Arab Republic of new investment in the manufacturing and services Egypt, Jordan, and Iran. Despite an 8 ­ percent fall, sectors and cross-border mergers and acquisitions, inflows to Egypt remained strong, $6.8 billion, including Walmart (United States) and India’s big- directed largely at the oil and gas sector. Morocco gest e-commerce platform, FlipKart. Inflows to reaped the benefit of stable economic performance: Bangladesh climbed 40 ­ percent, to $2.1 billion, inflows rose 54 ­percent, to $3 billion, directly to the due to large-scale investment in power generation infrastructure and automotive sectors. and the $1.5 billion acquisition of United Dhaka Tobacco by Japan Tobacco. Inflows to countries Portfolio equity flows in 2018 retreated from in Europe and Central Asia, other than Russia most emerging market countries except China (at $37.3 billion), were unchanged from the 2017 Portfolio equity inflows are the most concen- level, but for individual countries the picture was trated element of financial flows to low- and mixed. Inflows to Turkey were up 18 ­ percent, to middle-income countries, and throughout the $12 billion, and in Serbia they rose 88 ­ percent, past decade only a few countries have benefited to $3.1 billion, facilitated by the country’s stra- to any significant degree from such inflows in tegic location, diverse economy, and skilled labor any given year. Cumulative portfolio equity force. In contrast, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan saw inflows from 2009 to the end of 2018 totaled inflows halved, due to sharp contraction in invest- $672 billion, of which 83 ­percent went to three ments into the oil and gas sectors. percent); Bra- countries: China, $315 billion (47 ­ Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean percent); and India, $112 zil, $131 billion (19 ­ record a 9 ­percent fall in FDI inflows in 2018, to percent). billion (17 ­ $118 billion, due mostly to downturns in inflows Long recognized as the most capricious ele- to Brazil and Colombia. In Brazil, challenging ment of financial flows, portfolio equity flows Figure O.16  Regional Distribution of Foreign Figure O.17  Portfolio Equity Flows to Select Direct Investment, 2016–18 Countries, 2016–18 250 Low- and middle-income countries 200 Low- and middle-income countries (excluding China) US$ (billions) China 150 Brazil 100 South Africa 50 Mexico India 0 Turkey a a ia fic hi fic a be d ric si ric As ib an ci C aci ) lA an na Af Af Pa h ar a ng P tra Nigeria ut n C ic th d di d ra e er en So or an lu an ha th Am N C ia xc a Sa Russian Federation d d (e Asi As an tin an b- La st st Su st pe Ea Ea Ea ro –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 Eu e dl id US$ (billions) M 2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018 Source: International Monetary Fund. Source: International Monetary Fund. 13 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 lived up to their reputation in 2018, a year 68 ­percent, to $61 billion ($36 billion in 2017) and characterized by a widespread retreat from most served to contain the aggregate decline in portfolio emerging markets over concerns that centered equity inflows to low- and middle-income coun- on both domestic and global economic condi- tries. These fell 50 percent, to $35 billion. tions. The exception was China where inflows Excluding China, portfolio equity flows to soared 68 ­percent, to $61 billion, in response to low- and middle-income countries were negative actions by the Chinese government to liberalize in 2018—an outflow of $26 billion compared to the current and capital account, reform the foreign an inflow of $33 billion in 2017. Uncertainty over exchange administration, and liberalize the finan- political and economic outcomes weighed heav- cial market. ily on investor sentiment in Brazil, and led to an A special attraction for investors was imple- outflow of $5.6 billion in 2018, resulting in a net mentation of a direct automated connection from outflow of $10 billion. Similar concerns prompted the Shanghai stock market to markets in Hong investors to reduce exposure in India by $10 bil- Kong SAR, China, and Shenzhen (a prelude to lion, resulting in a net outflow of $4.4  ­ billion. a similar connection to the London stock mar- Trade-related and political tensions with the United ket in June 2019), and the MSCI’s decision to States reduced inflows to Mexico but they remained include Chinese stocks in its benchmark indexes, positive. Attractive valuations encouraged bargain raising overseas investor demand for renminbi- hunting by global investors, which resulted in mod- denominated stocks. Portfolio equity inflows rose erate inflows to Nigeria and South Africa. 14 part II Aggregate and Country Tables 15 ALL LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 3,462 6,939 6,452 6,726 7,424 7,810 Use of IMF Credit 49 112 112 113 124 151 Long-term external debt 2,691 4,712 4,706 5,013 5,377 5,505 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,372 2,329 2,347 2,489 2,815 2,935 Public Sector 1,368 2,323 2,343 2,485 2,811 2,933 of which: General Government 1,008 1,622 1,681 1,790 2,036 2,112 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 5 6 4 4 3 3 Private sector not guaranteed 1,318 2,384 2,358 2,524 2,562 2,570 Short-term external debt 722 2,115 1,635 1,599 1,924 2,154 Disbursements (long-term) 601 973 790 974 1,144 1,028 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 182 380 310 346 485 417 Public Sector 181 379 309 346 484 416 of which: General Government 113 257 211 231 319 254 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 1 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 419 593 480 628 659 612 Principal repayments (long-term) 389 583 632 732 739 756 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 151 182 213 198 204 257 Public Sector 150 181 211 196 203 256 of which: General Government 104 116 104 104 111 134 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 1 1 1 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 239 401 420 534 535 498 Interest payments (long-term) 113 155 165 180 195 213 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 57 73 80 90 104 112 Public Sector 57 72 80 90 104 112 of which: General Government 45 56 61 68 78 83 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 56 82 85 90 92 101 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,691 4,712 4,706 5,013 5,377 5,505 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,372 2,329 2,347 2,489 2,815 2,935 Official creditors 704 917 923 983 1,070 1,103 Multilateral 391 559 572 596 647 667 of which: World Bank 207 275 283 292 316 325 Bilateral 313 358 351 387 423 437 Private creditors 668 1,412 1,424 1,506 1,745 1,832 Bondholders 433 934 988 1,076 1,301 1,393 Commercial banks and others 235 479 436 430 444 439 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,318 2,384 2,358 2,524 2,562 2,570 Bondholders 167 411 365 395 476 484 Commercial banks and others 1,152 1,973 1,993 2,129 2,085 2,086 Use of IMF Credit 49 112 112 113 124 151 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 10 -7 5 5 4 31 Long-term 212 390 158 242 405 273 Official creditors 18 53 43 57 53 48 Multilateral 20 29 32 32 29 30 of which: World Bank 7 15 17 14 13 15 Bilateral -2 24 11 26 24 17 Private creditors 193 337 114 185 352 225 Bondholders -14 172 71 121 295 157 Banks and other private 207 165 44 64 57 68 Short-term -26 142 -481 -37 326 225 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 503 508 506 470 472 469 Portfolio equity -50 84 22 45 69 35 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 64 95 100 108 105 101 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 25 25 26 26 26 Debt service to exports (%) 10 11 13 15 14 14 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 21 30 25 24 26 28 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 11 8 9 9 9 9 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 114 92 90 82 79 74 Gross national income (GNI) 16,680 27,556 26,219 26,345 28,889 30,565 17 EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 711 2,435 1,998 2,117 2,487 2,784 Use of IMF Credit 2 17 16 16 17 17 Long-term external debt 469 1,040 1,036 1,173 1,285 1,392 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 267 453 438 479 554 629 Public Sector 267 452 437 479 553 629 of which: General Government 198 312 336 360 400 421 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 202 587 598 694 732 763 Short-term external debt 241 1,377 946 929 1,185 1,375 Disbursements (long-term) 85 264 222 285 365 365 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 22 84 68 66 99 112 Public Sector 22 84 68 66 99 112 of which: General Government 18 52 46 48 49 41 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 63 180 154 218 265 253 Principal repayments (long-term) 65 128 162 219 239 216 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 20 43 48 33 33 31 Public Sector 20 43 48 32 32 31 of which: General Government 14 32 14 21 15 16 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 45 85 114 187 206 185 Interest payments (long-term) 14 24 26 29 35 46 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9 10 12 12 14 19 Public Sector 9 10 12 12 14 19 of which: General Government 7 7 8 9 10 14 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 5 14 15 17 21 27 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 469 1,040 1,036 1,173 1,285 1,392 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 267 453 438 479 554 629 Official creditors 190 195 187 201 210 214 Multilateral 74 93 97 100 106 110 of which: World Bank 42 52 54 55 59 60 Bilateral 117 102 90 101 104 103 Private creditors 77 258 251 278 344 416 Bondholders 54 182 205 221 283 345 Commercial banks and others 23 76 45 57 61 70 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 202 587 598 694 732 763 Bondholders 19 122 115 132 184 216 Commercial banks and others 183 465 484 562 547 547 Use of IMF Credit 2 17 16 16 17 17 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 0 0 0 0 0 0 Long-term 19 136 60 66 126 149 Official creditors 1 4 2 3 3 5 Multilateral 3 3 6 4 4 5 of which: World Bank 1 2 3 2 2 2 Bilateral -3 2 -3 -1 0 0 Private creditors 19 132 58 63 123 144 Bondholders 3 61 25 38 113 101 Banks and other private 16 71 33 24 10 42 Short-term -13 159 -432 -17 256 187 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 175 259 261 197 195 215 Portfolio equity -2 51 4 24 35 49 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 33 70 60 66 69 72 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 12 20 16 16 17 18 Debt service to exports (%) 4 5 7 9 9 8 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 34 57 47 44 48 49 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 10 4 5 5 4 4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 306 174 186 162 146 128 Gross national income (GNI) 5,769 12,358 12,855 13,088 14,261 15,832 18 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 1,170 1,576 1,452 1,539 1,602 1,525 Use of IMF Credit 29 28 30 30 32 30 Long-term external debt 919 1,268 1,203 1,291 1,321 1,251 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 284 499 468 479 538 504 Public Sector 283 498 467 478 538 504 of which: General Government 156 270 262 279 320 314 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 1 1 1 1 0 Private sector not guaranteed 636 769 735 812 783 747 Short-term external debt 221 280 219 219 249 243 Disbursements (long-term) 293 186 149 252 272 197 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 51 45 55 57 93 55 Public Sector 51 45 55 57 93 55 of which: General Government 21 38 42 35 50 38 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 242 141 94 195 179 141 Principal repayments (long-term) 173 189 222 181 207 242 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 43 62 73 45 47 84 Public Sector 43 62 72 45 47 83 of which: General Government 23 34 39 15 21 39 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 130 126 149 136 160 158 Interest payments (long-term) 41 45 45 45 45 45 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 12 14 14 16 18 21 Public Sector 12 14 14 16 18 21 of which: General Government 9 12 11 10 12 13 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 28 30 32 29 27 24 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 919 1,268 1,203 1,291 1,321 1,251 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 284 499 468 479 538 504 Official creditors 77 127 126 130 144 142 Multilateral 49 93 91 93 102 99 of which: World Bank 30 41 41 41 45 45 Bilateral 28 34 35 37 41 43 Private creditors 206 372 342 349 395 362 Bondholders 78 166 164 183 220 221 Commercial banks and others 128 205 178 166 174 141 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 636 769 735 812 783 747 Bondholders 47 66 56 67 78 78 Commercial banks and others 589 703 679 745 705 670 Use of IMF Credit 29 28 30 30 32 30 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 6 -7 3 1 0 -1 Long-term 119 -3 -73 72 65 -45 Official creditors 5 11 6 6 6 2 Multilateral 3 6 3 4 2 0 of which: World Bank 1 2 2 1 1 1 Bilateral 2 5 2 2 3 2 Private creditors 114 -14 -79 66 59 -47 Bondholders -22 4 -7 27 38 3 Banks and other private 136 -18 -72 39 22 -50 Short-term -18 -39 -61 -2 29 -6 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 133 61 55 81 64 47 Portfolio equity -16 -10 -7 -1 -5 -7 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 100 122 148 169 149 122 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 36 40 48 53 50 46 Debt service to exports (%) 19 20 28 26 24 24 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 19 18 15 14 16 16 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 4 6 6 6 6 7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 53 38 38 36 38 41 Gross national income (GNI) 3,223 3,929 3,019 2,891 3,232 3,305 19 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 851 1,657 1,669 1,693 1,774 1,868 Use of IMF Credit 4 21 20 20 21 48 Long-term external debt 716 1,384 1,389 1,442 1,512 1,534 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 419 736 761 816 882 914 Public Sector 416 733 758 814 880 912 of which: General Government 309 512 519 559 604 626 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 3 3 3 2 2 2 Private sector not guaranteed 298 648 628 626 630 620 Short-term external debt 131 252 261 231 241 286 Disbursements (long-term) 148 280 242 279 276 261 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 62 131 92 129 141 127 Public Sector 61 131 92 129 141 127 of which: General Government 36 76 52 80 88 80 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 1 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 86 148 150 150 135 134 Principal repayments (long-term) 93 127 163 208 190 175 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 47 34 55 67 77 77 Public Sector 47 34 54 66 77 77 of which: General Government 35 25 29 34 45 31 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 1 1 1 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 46 93 108 141 113 98 Interest payments (long-term) 42 59 65 74 81 77 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 25 34 40 44 53 47 Public Sector 25 34 40 44 53 47 of which: General Government 20 26 30 35 41 36 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 17 25 25 30 28 30 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 716 1,384 1,389 1,442 1,512 1,534 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 419 736 761 816 882 914 Official creditors 126 198 201 204 213 218 Multilateral 97 144 151 156 159 168 of which: World Bank 34 54 56 57 57 58 Bilateral 29 54 49 48 53 50 Private creditors 293 538 560 612 670 696 Bondholders 251 414 426 478 534 548 Commercial banks and others 41 124 135 134 135 148 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 298 648 628 626 630 620 Bondholders 76 200 170 170 181 158 Commercial banks and others 221 447 458 456 449 462 Use of IMF Credit 4 21 20 20 21 48 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 0 -1 0 0 0 29 Long-term 55 152 80 71 86 86 Official creditors 6 12 6 4 7 6 Multilateral 5 6 8 6 3 8 of which: World Bank 2 2 2 2 -1 2 Bilateral 1 5 -2 -1 4 -2 Private creditors 49 140 73 67 79 80 Bondholders 8 64 26 52 71 36 Banks and other private 41 76 47 15 8 43 Short-term -3 26 8 -29 12 45 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 87 107 106 104 129 118 Portfolio equity -11 19 14 21 20 -5 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 92 149 173 177 165 160 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 29 35 36 34 38 Debt service to exports (%) 15 17 24 30 26 22 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 15 16 14 14 15 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 11 9 9 9 9 9 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 53 45 43 44 43 42 Gross national income (GNI) 4,043 5,666 4,795 4,653 5,184 4,972 20 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 169 226 239 268 299 321 Use of IMF Credit 1 10 11 13 17 18 Long-term external debt 138 175 187 202 229 252 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 111 134 144 156 180 196 Public Sector 110 134 143 155 180 196 of which: General Government 86 101 108 115 133 146 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 1 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 27 41 43 47 49 56 Short-term external debt 30 40 41 52 53 50 Disbursements (long-term) 12 27 38 41 43 48 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10 15 25 28 31 31 Public Sector 10 15 25 28 31 31 of which: General Government 7 10 19 18 23 22 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 2 12 13 13 12 17 Principal repayments (long-term) 16 22 21 24 24 23 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14 12 11 15 13 12 Public Sector 14 12 11 15 13 12 of which: General Government 10 10 8 10 9 7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 2 10 10 10 11 11 Interest payments (long-term) 5 6 6 7 8 9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5 4 4 5 5 7 Public Sector 4 4 4 5 5 7 of which: General Government 3 4 3 4 4 5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 0 2 2 2 2 3 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 138 175 187 202 229 252 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 111 134 144 156 180 196 Official creditors 75 88 91 103 114 116 Multilateral 32 43 43 49 57 58 of which: World Bank 11 15 16 18 22 24 Bilateral 44 45 48 54 58 59 Private creditors 36 47 53 53 66 80 Bondholders 24 39 44 46 58 68 Commercial banks and others 12 7 9 7 8 12 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 27 41 43 47 49 56 Bondholders 0 1 1 1 0 1 Commercial banks and others 27 40 43 46 49 55 Use of IMF Credit 1 10 11 13 17 18 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 0 2 1 3 3 2 Long-term -4 5 17 16 19 26 Official creditors -2 1 7 13 6 4 Multilateral 1 1 3 7 5 2 of which: World Bank 0 1 2 2 2 2 Bilateral -3 0 5 6 2 2 Private creditors -3 4 10 3 13 22 Bondholders -1 0 6 1 11 11 Banks and other private -2 3 5 2 1 11 Short-term -2 4 1 11 1 -3 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 28 17 16 19 21 20 Portfolio equity 0 1 -1 1 -1 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 45 65 83 107 102 94 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 17 17 20 22 25 .. Debt service to exports (%) 6 8 10 13 11 10 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 17 18 17 19 18 16 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 19 19 18 18 19 18 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 154 121 101 83 .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 1,007 1,289 1,209 1,236 1,181 .. 21 SOUTH ASIA (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 324 605 636 624 707 730 Use of IMF Credit 7 15 15 16 17 16 Long-term external debt 267 487 517 502 564 583 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 156 258 272 271 318 327 Public Sector 156 258 272 271 318 327 of which: General Government 138 210 222 225 274 279 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 110 229 245 231 246 256 Short-term external debt 50 103 103 107 126 131 Disbursements (long-term) 46 150 80 60 104 80 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 25 62 35 26 61 40 Public Sector 25 62 35 26 61 40 of which: General Government 22 47 25 20 54 28 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 21 88 45 34 43 40 Principal repayments (long-term) 27 90 45 72 48 57 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16 18 17 25 20 29 Public Sector 16 18 17 25 20 29 of which: General Government 15 7 8 16 11 21 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 11 72 28 47 28 29 Interest payments (long-term) 7 13 12 12 13 19 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3 4 4 4 5 6 Public Sector 3 4 4 4 5 6 of which: General Government 2 2 2 3 4 5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 4 9 8 8 9 12 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 267 487 517 502 564 583 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 156 258 272 271 318 327 Official creditors 138 163 165 171 189 204 Multilateral 89 106 107 109 118 121 of which: World Bank 59 67 67 68 72 72 Bilateral 49 56 57 62 71 82 Private creditors 18 95 107 100 129 124 Bondholders 8 62 73 69 101 94 Commercial banks and others 11 33 34 31 28 30 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 110 229 245 231 246 256 Bondholders 16 7 8 10 15 14 Commercial banks and others 95 222 237 220 231 242 Use of IMF Credit 7 15 15 16 17 16 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 3 0 1 1 0 0 Long-term 19 60 35 -13 56 23 Official creditors 6 7 6 8 11 16 Multilateral 5 4 4 4 4 5 of which: World Bank 1 2 2 2 1 2 Bilateral 1 3 2 4 7 11 Private creditors 13 53 29 -21 44 6 Bondholders 2 32 13 -2 36 -7 Banks and other private 11 20 17 -19 8 13 Short-term 9 -5 0 4 19 4 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 50 37 45 48 43 45 Portfolio equity -16 14 2 2 6 -5 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 85 103 119 116 117 110 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 23 24 21 21 21 Debt service to exports (%) 10 18 11 16 11 12 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 16 17 16 17 18 18 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 27 18 17 18 17 17 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 83 59 63 66 65 59 Gross national income (GNI) 1,530 2,581 2,699 2,921 3,344 3,456 22 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 236 441 457 484 555 583 Use of IMF Credit 6 20 19 19 21 22 Long-term external debt 181 358 373 404 464 493 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 135 249 265 288 342 365 Public Sector 135 249 265 288 342 365 of which: General Government 120 218 233 251 304 326 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 46 109 108 116 122 128 Short-term external debt 49 62 65 61 70 68 Disbursements (long-term) 18 67 58 57 85 78 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13 43 33 40 60 51 Public Sector 13 43 33 40 60 51 of which: General Government 9 33 27 29 55 46 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 5 24 25 18 25 27 Principal repayments (long-term) 14 27 20 27 31 43 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9 12 9 13 13 24 Public Sector 9 12 9 13 13 24 of which: General Government 7 7 5 7 9 19 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 4 15 11 14 18 19 Interest payments (long-term) 5 8 11 13 13 17 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3 6 7 8 9 12 Public Sector 3 6 7 8 9 12 of which: General Government 3 5 6 7 7 10 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1 2 4 4 4 5 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 181 358 373 404 464 493 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 135 249 265 288 342 365 Official creditors 97 146 154 174 200 210 Multilateral 50 78 82 88 104 110 of which: World Bank 30 46 48 52 61 66 Bilateral 47 67 72 86 96 99 Private creditors 38 103 111 114 142 155 Bondholders 18 69 75 79 104 117 Commercial banks and others 21 34 36 35 38 38 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 46 109 108 116 122 128 Bondholders 8 15 16 16 17 17 Commercial banks and others 37 94 92 100 105 111 Use of IMF Credit 6 20 19 19 21 22 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 1 0 0 0 1 2 Long-term 4 40 38 30 54 35 Official creditors 3 17 15 23 19 14 Multilateral 3 8 8 8 12 10 of which: World Bank 2 6 6 5 6 6 Bilateral 0 9 7 15 8 5 Private creditors 1 22 22 7 34 21 Bondholders -2 10 8 4 26 13 Banks and other private 4 12 14 3 8 8 Short-term 1 -2 3 -4 8 -2 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 30 26 24 22 20 24 Portfolio equity -6 10 9 -2 14 2 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 59 96 128 145 144 134 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 26 29 33 35 36 Debt service to exports (%) 5 8 9 13 12 14 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 21 14 14 13 13 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 21 18 18 18 19 19 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 64 41 35 30 29 28 Gross national income (GNI) 1,110 1,715 1,574 1,475 1,597 1,611 23 AFGHANISTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,144 2,613 2,637 2,597 2,717 2,605 Use of IMF Credit 131 335 300 277 285 275 Long-term external debt 1,995 2,021 2,009 1,965 1,998 1,966 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,995 2,021 1,990 1,950 1,982 1,949 Public Sector 1,995 2,021 1,990 1,950 1,982 1,949 of which: General Government 1,994 2,021 1,990 1,950 1,982 1,949 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 19 15 16 17 Short-term external debt 18 257 328 355 435 364 Disbursements (long-term) 96 32 26 12 3 16 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 96 32 26 12 3 16 Public Sector 96 32 26 12 3 16 of which: General Government 96 32 26 12 3 16 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 1 12 24 27 27 29 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1 12 19 23 23 24 Public Sector 1 12 19 23 23 24 of which: General Government 1 12 19 23 23 24 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 5 4 4 5 Interest payments (long-term) 6 9 10 8 9 9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6 9 9 8 8 8 Public Sector 6 9 9 8 8 8 of which: General Government 6 9 9 8 8 8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 1 1 1 1 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,995 2,021 2,009 1,965 1,998 1,966 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,995 2,021 1,990 1,950 1,982 1,949 Official creditors 1,994 2,021 1,990 1,950 1,982 1,949 Multilateral 904 1,086 1,030 991 1,023 984 of which: World Bank 438 395 370 351 364 348 Bilateral 1,091 934 960 958 959 965 Private creditors 0 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. 19 15 16 17 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. 19 15 16 17 Use of IMF Credit 131 335 300 277 285 275 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 36 -19 -20 -15 -8 -4 Long-term 95 20 2 -15 -24 -12 Official creditors 95 20 7 -11 -19 -8 Multilateral 95 11 -8 -9 -19 -15 of which: World Bank 43 -6 -8 -8 -8 -8 Bilateral 1 8 16 -2 0 7 Private creditors .. .. -5 -4 -4 -5 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. .. -5 -4 -4 -5 Short-term .. 33 88 26 80 -70 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 40 43 169 94 52 139 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 108 120 155 202 210 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 13 13 13 13 13 Debt service to exports (%) 0 2 3 5 5 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 10 12 14 16 14 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 42 42 39 38 38 38 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 113 256 236 249 264 280 Gross national income (GNI) 10,234 20,483 20,087 19,459 20,291 19,485 24 ALBANIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 4,261 8,640 8,657 8,741 10,062 10,122 Use of IMF Credit 152 151 244 387 489 470 Long-term external debt 2,960 6,614 6,619 6,485 7,424 7,487 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,298 3,666 3,846 3,763 4,339 4,563 Public Sector 2,298 3,666 3,846 3,763 4,339 4,563 of which: General Government 1,961 3,322 3,552 3,491 4,055 4,250 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 661 2,949 2,773 2,722 3,085 2,924 Short-term external debt 1,150 1,875 1,795 1,869 2,149 2,165 Disbursements (long-term) 870 634 1,321 450 777 1,269 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 650 443 956 205 422 931 Public Sector 650 443 956 205 422 931 of which: General Government 530 443 952 189 420 792 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 220 191 365 245 355 338 Principal repayments (long-term) 144 539 1,072 487 407 921 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 58 178 499 191 221 554 Public Sector 58 178 499 191 221 554 of which: General Government 40 151 478 160 198 456 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 86 361 573 297 185 368 Interest payments (long-term) 65 185 98 95 96 147 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 44 79 90 84 83 120 Public Sector 44 79 90 84 83 120 of which: General Government 35 75 86 82 80 114 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 21 105 9 11 12 28 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,960 6,614 6,619 6,485 7,424 7,487 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,298 3,666 3,846 3,763 4,339 4,563 Official creditors 1,877 2,744 2,584 2,531 2,983 3,037 Multilateral 1,294 2,091 1,943 1,889 2,279 2,362 of which: World Bank 835 1,086 1,020 991 1,300 1,301 Bilateral 584 653 641 642 705 675 Private creditors 421 921 1,262 1,232 1,355 1,526 Bondholders 79 522 631 611 696 942 Commercial banks and others 341 399 630 621 660 584 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 661 2,949 2,773 2,722 3,085 2,924 Bondholders 23 244 133 148 192 245 Commercial banks and others 638 2,705 2,640 2,573 2,894 2,679 Use of IMF Credit 152 151 244 387 489 470 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -8 63 100 156 77 -7 Long-term 727 94 250 -37 370 348 Official creditors 160 284 14 3 244 138 Multilateral 144 253 -19 -11 241 149 of which: World Bank 32 227 -3 2 226 40 Bilateral 16 31 33 14 3 -11 Private creditors 566 -190 236 -40 126 210 Bondholders 34 -22 56 15 43 340 Banks and other private 532 -168 180 -56 83 -130 Short-term 640 -128 -80 74 280 16 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 893 933 877 1,048 1,073 1,274 Portfolio equity 23 34 9 -15 -12 -4 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 113 207 246 225 219 193 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 33 65 75 73 77 67 Debt service to exports (%) 7 18 33 15 11 21 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 27 22 21 21 21 21 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 30 24 22 22 23 23 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 54 30 36 35 35 38 Gross national income (GNI) 12,946 13,350 11,522 12,054 13,057 15,052 25 ALGERIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 6,246 5,521 4,671 5,463 5,707 5,710 Use of IMF Credit 198 1,736 1,660 1,611 1,706 1,666 Long-term external debt 4,745 1,810 1,188 1,866 1,904 1,725 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,301 1,125 870 1,653 1,716 1,523 Public Sector 3,114 1,120 867 1,650 1,713 1,521 of which: General Government 925 428 350 1,247 1,365 1,268 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 186 5 3 3 3 2 Private sector not guaranteed 1,444 685 318 214 188 202 Short-term external debt 1,304 1,975 1,823 1,986 2,096 2,319 Disbursements (long-term) 675 43 47 1,033 11 44 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 268 4 0 984 1 0 Public Sector 268 4 0 984 1 0 of which: General Government 121 4 0 984 0 0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 407 39 47 49 11 44 Principal repayments (long-term) 1,058 235 582 302 176 151 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 914 211 167 149 140 121 Public Sector 892 199 166 148 139 121 of which: General Government 229 51 47 45 41 40 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 22 11 1 0 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 144 24 415 153 36 29 Interest payments (long-term) 161 37 79 22 31 29 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 113 28 21 17 26 26 Public Sector 110 28 21 17 26 26 of which: General Government 24 9 8 6 20 21 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 3 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 48 9 59 5 4 3 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 4,745 1,810 1,188 1,866 1,904 1,725 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,301 1,125 870 1,653 1,716 1,523 Official creditors 2,223 950 752 1,580 1,682 1,512 Multilateral 13 2 1 949 1,079 1,031 of which: World Bank 11 2 1 1 0 .. Bilateral 2,210 949 751 630 603 481 Private creditors 1,078 175 118 73 34 11 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,078 175 118 73 34 11 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,444 685 318 214 188 202 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,444 685 318 214 188 202 Use of IMF Credit 198 1,736 1,660 1,611 1,706 1,666 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term -383 -192 -535 731 -165 -107 Official creditors -173 -142 -117 880 -97 -99 Multilateral -122 0 0 983 -1 0 of which: World Bank -102 0 0 0 -1 .. Bilateral -51 -141 -117 -104 -97 -99 Private creditors -210 -50 -418 -149 -68 -8 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -210 -50 -418 -149 -68 -8 Short-term 554 647 -152 163 110 223 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,520 1,465 -396 1,650 1,202 1,506 Portfolio equity 0 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 7 8 12 16 14 12 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 4 3 3 3 3 3 Debt service to exports (%) 1 0 2 1 1 0 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 21 36 39 36 37 41 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 17 19 18 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 2,293 3,253 3,097 2,094 1,711 1,405 Gross national income (GNI) 169,770 209,164 161,526 158,560 164,955 177,548 26 ANGOLA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 15,502 56,936 56,272 57,167 52,618 54,563 Use of IMF Credit 421 914 532 396 389 1,374 Long-term external debt 12,690 48,362 47,574 52,391 48,534 50,878 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 12,690 27,826 27,304 34,815 35,599 38,208 Public Sector 12,690 27,826 27,304 34,815 35,599 38,208 of which: General Government 5,528 12,582 14,857 18,764 20,781 24,288 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 20,535 20,270 17,577 12,934 12,669 Short-term external debt 2,391 7,660 8,166 4,380 3,695 2,312 Disbursements (long-term) 4,622 13,294 5,380 13,189 5,086 9,192 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,622 9,649 3,592 13,189 5,086 8,164 Public Sector 4,622 9,649 3,592 13,189 5,086 8,164 of which: General Government 1,562 3,857 3,592 5,189 3,810 6,364 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 3,645 1,788 .. .. 1,028 Principal repayments (long-term) 1,130 6,770 6,017 7,666 7,997 6,783 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,130 4,893 3,964 5,639 4,481 5,489 Public Sector 1,129 4,893 3,964 5,639 4,481 5,489 of which: General Government 688 1,148 1,176 1,245 1,965 2,793 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 1,877 2,054 2,027 3,515 1,293 Interest payments (long-term) 443 1,294 1,379 1,760 1,071 2,318 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 443 1,021 1,078 1,398 751 1,876 Public Sector 443 1,021 1,078 1,398 751 1,876 of which: General Government 241 482 563 975 380 1,108 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 273 301 362 320 442 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 12,690 48,362 47,574 52,391 48,534 50,878 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 12,690 27,826 27,304 34,815 35,599 38,208 Official creditors 4,003 13,725 13,404 22,518 24,400 23,820 Multilateral 429 1,147 1,602 2,018 2,239 2,268 of which: World Bank 369 478 929 940 1,025 1,042 Bilateral 3,575 12,577 11,802 20,499 22,161 21,552 Private creditors 8,687 14,102 13,899 12,297 11,200 14,388 Bondholders .. 1,000 2,500 2,500 2,500 6,000 Commercial banks and others 8,687 13,102 11,399 9,797 8,700 8,388 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 20,535 20,270 17,577 12,934 12,669 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 20,535 20,270 17,577 12,934 12,669 Use of IMF Credit 421 914 532 396 389 1,374 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. -500 -345 -124 -30 1,012 Long-term 3,492 6,524 -637 5,523 -2,910 2,409 Official creditors 825 2,016 -285 9,122 1,827 -566 Multilateral 8 670 479 432 184 44 of which: World Bank 6 40 472 26 55 31 Bilateral 817 1,345 -763 8,691 1,643 -610 Private creditors 2,667 4,509 -352 -3,599 -4,738 2,975 Bondholders .. .. 1,500 0 .. 3,500 Banks and other private 2,667 4,509 -1,852 -3,599 -4,738 -525 Short-term 140 -3,680 514 -3,785 -660 -1,362 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 5,266 4,185 4,974 -122 -7,293 -5,918 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 24 93 163 200 147 130 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 42 51 60 44 54 Debt service to exports (%) 3 14 23 34 26 22 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 13 15 8 7 4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 3 2 3 4 4 4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 115 47 42 41 33 28 Gross national income (GNI) 74,821 136,862 110,286 95,864 118,386 101,047 27 ARGENTINA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 129,752 153,182 176,575 188,758 236,471 280,516 Use of IMF Credit 490 2,927 2,799 2,716 2,877 30,923 Long-term external debt 109,822 116,365 114,341 145,025 178,133 182,011 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 70,924 75,661 72,211 105,334 127,059 131,182 Public Sector 70,766 75,660 72,211 105,334 127,059 131,182 of which: General Government 68,016 75,194 71,911 105,193 126,958 131,112 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 158 1 0 .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 38,899 40,703 42,130 39,691 51,074 50,828 Short-term external debt 19,440 33,891 59,434 41,017 55,461 67,583 Disbursements (long-term) 7,036 19,533 16,414 54,737 58,919 53,887 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,046 13,439 8,493 40,188 41,045 43,889 Public Sector 4,046 13,420 8,493 40,188 41,045 43,889 of which: General Government 4,039 12,171 8,272 40,089 41,045 43,889 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 18 0 .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,990 6,095 7,920 14,549 17,873 9,998 Principal repayments (long-term) 5,664 9,755 10,821 11,677 24,110 21,494 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,396 4,747 6,365 5,363 17,762 15,728 Public Sector 3,387 4,693 6,364 5,363 17,762 15,728 of which: General Government 3,260 4,518 5,977 5,106 17,722 15,698 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 9 54 1 .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,268 5,008 4,455 6,313 6,348 5,766 Interest payments (long-term) 3,684 6,757 6,076 13,389 14,787 14,311 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,478 5,361 5,145 12,289 12,400 10,963 Public Sector 2,478 5,361 5,145 12,289 12,400 10,963 of which: General Government 2,436 5,323 5,110 12,269 12,392 10,959 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 0 0 .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,206 1,396 931 1,100 2,387 3,348 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 109,822 116,365 114,341 145,025 178,133 182,011 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 70,924 75,661 72,211 105,334 127,059 131,182 Official creditors 20,785 28,989 28,999 28,052 29,588 29,897 Multilateral 14,903 19,870 19,778 20,237 21,342 23,005 of which: World Bank 5,069 6,007 5,852 6,048 6,327 6,879 Bilateral 5,882 9,119 9,221 7,816 8,246 6,891 Private creditors 50,139 46,672 43,212 77,282 97,471 101,285 Bondholders 49,175 46,039 42,709 76,838 97,400 101,228 Commercial banks and others 964 634 503 444 71 57 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 38,899 40,703 42,130 39,691 51,074 50,828 Bondholders 7,921 7,199 8,516 11,703 16,405 15,508 Commercial banks and others 30,978 33,504 33,614 27,988 34,669 35,320 Use of IMF Credit 490 2,927 2,799 2,716 2,877 30,923 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. 28,623 Long-term 1,372 9,778 5,593 43,060 34,809 32,393 Official creditors -360 3,522 450 -931 1,088 390 Multilateral -268 461 -78 462 1,066 1,669 of which: World Bank -605 -94 -142 198 239 557 Bilateral -92 3,061 528 -1,394 22 -1,279 Private creditors 1,732 6,256 5,143 43,992 33,721 32,003 Bondholders -998 5,254 3,123 39,002 27,274 26,887 Banks and other private 2,730 1,002 2,020 4,990 6,447 5,117 Short-term 164 -1,749 25,341 -18,073 17,471 12,149 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 4,949 6,010 9,377 7,992 9,095 10,449 Portfolio equity -531 218 239 985 3,013 -508 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 149 181 244 254 306 339 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 37 30 30 35 38 56 Debt service to exports (%) 11 20 25 35 52 45 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 22 34 22 23 24 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 11 13 11 11 9 8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 35 19 13 19 22 23 Gross national income (GNI) 352,615 515,532 583,615 545,339 626,304 499,735 28 ARMENIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 3,612 8,556 8,931 9,956 10,329 11,019 Use of IMF Credit 270 570 536 528 530 451 Long-term external debt 2,821 7,078 7,731 8,356 8,910 9,434 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,449 3,380 3,998 4,472 5,228 5,371 Public Sector 1,449 3,380 3,998 4,472 5,228 5,371 of which: General Government 1,439 3,349 3,899 4,351 5,015 5,151 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,373 3,698 3,733 3,884 3,683 4,063 Short-term external debt 521 908 664 1,072 889 1,134 Disbursements (long-term) 776 2,082 2,067 1,855 1,501 1,871 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 164 285 984 603 676 347 Public Sector 164 285 984 603 676 347 of which: General Government 159 266 911 575 588 321 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 612 1,797 1,084 1,252 824 1,524 Principal repayments (long-term) 253 1,077 1,308 1,173 1,117 1,282 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15 42 260 73 91 138 Public Sector 15 42 260 73 91 138 of which: General Government 15 42 257 69 85 125 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 238 1,035 1,048 1,101 1,026 1,144 Interest payments (long-term) 70 176 199 236 250 281 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 11 71 100 123 140 162 Public Sector 11 71 100 123 140 162 of which: General Government 11 71 99 120 136 156 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 58 105 99 113 110 119 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,821 7,078 7,731 8,356 8,910 9,434 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,449 3,380 3,998 4,472 5,228 5,371 Official creditors 1,444 2,661 2,972 3,447 4,193 4,338 Multilateral 1,111 2,162 2,466 2,824 3,237 3,278 of which: World Bank 1,030 1,609 1,652 1,742 1,810 1,798 Bilateral 333 499 506 623 956 1,060 Private creditors 4 719 1,026 1,025 1,035 1,034 Bondholders .. 700 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Commercial banks and others 4 19 26 25 35 33 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,373 3,698 3,733 3,884 3,683 4,063 Bondholders .. .. 100 100 100 100 Commercial banks and others 1,373 3,698 3,633 3,784 3,583 3,963 Use of IMF Credit 270 570 536 528 530 451 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -20 -113 -9 8 -29 -68 Long-term 523 1,005 760 681 384 589 Official creditors 149 241 415 530 580 208 Multilateral 80 221 385 410 301 87 of which: World Bank 68 96 92 123 5 14 Bilateral 70 21 30 120 279 122 Private creditors 374 764 344 151 -196 381 Bondholders .. .. 400 0 0 0 Banks and other private 374 764 -56 151 -196 381 Short-term 20 -242 -245 408 -183 245 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,036 334 154 219 70 302 Portfolio equity 3 1 4 4 -3 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 117 189 222 229 194 196 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 29 70 81 92 86 87 Debt service to exports (%) 12 32 38 34 27 30 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 14 11 7 11 9 10 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 31 25 28 28 31 30 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 39 17 20 22 22 21 Gross national income (GNI) 12,353 12,151 10,996 10,770 11,991 12,595 29 AZERBAIJAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 4,497 12,101 13,450 14,769 15,468 16,212 Use of IMF Credit 316 224 213 206 219 214 Long-term external debt 3,045 9,856 11,690 13,167 14,574 15,429 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,718 8,408 8,843 10,804 12,637 13,957 Public Sector 2,718 8,408 8,843 10,804 12,637 13,957 of which: General Government 1,683 6,437 6,805 7,518 8,219 7,540 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 327 1,448 2,847 2,363 1,937 1,471 Short-term external debt 1,136 2,021 1,548 1,396 675 570 Disbursements (long-term) 741 3,049 3,628 2,862 2,913 3,269 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 526 2,730 1,216 2,751 2,849 3,250 Public Sector 526 2,730 1,216 2,751 2,849 3,250 of which: General Government 279 2,614 866 1,227 1,131 902 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 216 319 2,412 111 64 19 Principal repayments (long-term) 173 1,565 1,585 1,330 1,811 2,288 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 150 570 584 736 1,302 1,805 Public Sector 150 570 584 736 1,302 1,805 of which: General Government 49 374 386 488 548 1,550 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 23 995 1,001 594 509 483 Interest payments (long-term) 90 277 294 403 447 547 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 78 123 208 259 330 455 Public Sector 78 123 208 259 330 455 of which: General Government 30 65 149 165 206 261 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 11 154 86 144 117 91 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 3,045 9,856 11,690 13,167 14,574 15,429 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,718 8,408 8,843 10,804 12,637 13,957 Official creditors 1,889 4,471 4,731 5,595 6,628 6,868 Multilateral 1,137 3,387 3,708 4,572 5,552 5,775 of which: World Bank 775 1,920 2,096 2,203 2,665 2,538 Bilateral 752 1,084 1,023 1,023 1,076 1,094 Private creditors 829 3,937 4,112 5,208 6,009 7,089 Bondholders .. 2,250 2,250 3,250 3,750 3,750 Commercial banks and others 829 1,687 1,862 1,958 2,259 3,339 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 327 1,448 2,847 2,363 1,937 1,471 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 327 1,448 2,847 2,363 1,937 1,471 Use of IMF Credit 316 224 213 206 219 214 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -22 -4 -2 .. .. .. Long-term 568 1,483 2,043 1,531 1,102 982 Official creditors 213 488 355 881 918 262 Multilateral 184 457 384 890 914 247 of which: World Bank 98 314 200 122 435 -116 Bilateral 29 31 -29 -9 4 15 Private creditors 355 995 1,688 651 184 720 Bondholders .. 1,750 .. 1,000 500 .. Banks and other private 355 -755 1,688 -349 -316 720 Short-term 4 416 -473 -152 -721 -105 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 3,521 4,430 4,048 4,500 2,867 1,403 Portfolio equity 0 10 24 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 14 35 63 80 73 60 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 10 17 26 42 40 36 Debt service to exports (%) 1 5 9 10 11 11 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 25 17 12 9 4 4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 25 28 28 31 36 36 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 144 121 47 40 43 41 Gross national income (GNI) 43,832 73,087 51,047 35,395 39,106 44,480 30 BANGLADESH (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 23,408 33,008 36,309 38,823 47,158 52,124 Use of IMF Credit 758 1,470 1,613 1,546 1,625 1,536 Long-term external debt 20,755 27,385 28,064 29,440 34,766 41,557 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 20,333 24,276 24,718 26,348 31,371 36,664 Public Sector 20,333 24,276 24,718 26,348 31,371 36,664 of which: General Government 20,275 23,702 24,144 25,769 30,779 36,081 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 422 3,109 3,346 3,093 3,395 4,892 Short-term external debt 1,894 4,153 6,633 7,836 10,767 9,031 Disbursements (long-term) 2,044 3,789 2,806 3,279 5,530 8,984 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,729 2,591 2,267 3,099 4,752 6,997 Public Sector 1,729 2,591 2,267 3,099 4,752 6,997 of which: General Government 1,703 2,358 2,242 3,068 4,728 6,953 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 314 1,198 538 180 778 1,986 Principal repayments (long-term) 669 1,572 1,290 1,348 1,491 1,694 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 631 1,292 989 915 1,015 1,195 Public Sector 631 1,292 989 915 1,015 1,195 of which: General Government 620 1,282 979 906 988 1,156 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 38 280 301 433 475 498 Interest payments (long-term) 217 280 237 272 421 762 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 203 262 212 232 362 628 Public Sector 203 262 212 232 362 628 of which: General Government 201 258 200 220 350 615 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 14 18 25 40 59 134 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 20,755 27,385 28,064 29,440 34,766 41,557 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 20,333 24,276 24,718 26,348 31,371 36,664 Official creditors 20,277 24,227 24,678 26,314 31,338 36,638 Multilateral 17,301 19,765 20,019 20,849 23,521 24,971 of which: World Bank 10,613 11,417 11,534 11,890 13,621 14,501 Bilateral 2,977 4,461 4,658 5,465 7,817 11,667 Private creditors 56 49 40 34 33 26 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 56 49 40 34 33 26 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 422 3,109 3,346 3,093 3,395 4,892 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 422 3,109 3,346 3,093 3,395 4,892 Use of IMF Credit 758 1,470 1,613 1,546 1,625 1,536 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 203 65 209 -19 -13 -52 Long-term 1,374 2,217 1,516 1,931 4,039 7,290 Official creditors 1,118 1,279 1,284 2,189 3,741 5,808 Multilateral 1,017 720 1,021 1,388 1,578 1,952 of which: World Bank 607 522 599 716 1,020 1,219 Bilateral 101 559 263 801 2,163 3,855 Private creditors 257 938 232 -258 298 1,483 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 257 938 232 -258 298 1,483 Short-term 527 418 2,480 1,204 2,930 -1,736 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,055 2,257 2,437 2,127 1,477 2,075 Portfolio equity -130 358 -105 114 258 -38 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 132 100 103 103 120 118 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 24 18 17 17 18 18 Debt service to exports (%) 5 6 5 5 6 6 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8 13 18 20 23 17 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 74 60 55 54 50 48 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 24 66 74 82 70 60 Gross national income (GNI) 98,684 184,407 207,743 234,168 260,455 286,521 31 BELARUS (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 15,153 40,014 38,258 37,516 39,584 38,844 Use of IMF Credit 568 613 511 496 525 513 Long-term external debt 7,027 26,573 26,273 26,398 29,335 28,729 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,439 15,636 15,837 18,142 20,988 19,988 Public Sector 5,419 15,593 15,800 18,142 20,988 19,988 of which: General Government 3,416 12,468 12,444 13,642 16,727 16,894 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 19 42 37 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,589 10,937 10,436 8,257 8,346 8,741 Short-term external debt 7,558 12,827 11,474 10,622 9,725 9,602 Disbursements (long-term) 3,309 5,267 3,778 2,615 5,811 7,204 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,168 3,695 2,992 2,143 4,349 2,673 Public Sector 2,168 3,695 2,992 2,143 4,349 2,673 of which: General Government 1,521 3,264 2,173 1,935 4,039 2,367 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 0 0 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,141 1,572 786 472 1,462 4,531 Principal repayments (long-term) 858 2,976 3,710 5,014 3,030 4,130 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 183 2,099 2,483 2,314 1,680 3,455 Public Sector 182 2,090 2,478 2,277 1,680 3,455 of which: General Government 127 1,270 1,926 893 1,029 1,998 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 9 5 37 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 675 877 1,228 2,701 1,350 675 Interest payments (long-term) 238 885 980 964 1,109 1,288 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 182 704 781 745 868 1,022 Public Sector 180 698 777 743 868 1,022 of which: General Government 158 482 593 559 688 789 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 6 4 2 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 56 181 199 219 241 265 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 7,027 26,573 26,273 26,398 29,335 28,729 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,439 15,636 15,837 18,142 20,988 19,988 Official creditors 3,547 11,940 13,005 14,071 15,968 16,423 Multilateral 50 3,145 2,838 3,360 3,942 3,810 of which: World Bank 42 590 642 725 822 905 Bilateral 3,497 8,795 10,167 10,710 12,026 12,613 Private creditors 1,891 3,695 2,832 4,071 5,020 3,565 Bondholders 19 1,800 800 800 2,200 2,000 Commercial banks and others 1,872 1,895 2,032 3,271 2,820 1,565 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,589 10,937 10,436 8,257 8,346 8,741 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,589 10,937 10,436 8,257 8,346 8,741 Use of IMF Credit 568 613 511 496 525 513 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. -1,263 -77 .. .. .. Long-term 2,451 2,291 67 -2,400 2,780 3,074 Official creditors 1,466 2,774 1,350 914 1,806 661 Multilateral -3 -111 -293 527 563 -124 of which: World Bank -1 33 52 83 98 83 Bilateral 1,469 2,885 1,643 387 1,243 785 Private creditors 985 -483 -1,283 -3,313 974 2,413 Bondholders .. 0 -1,000 0 1,400 -200 Banks and other private 985 -483 -283 -3,313 -426 2,613 Short-term 198 -1,236 -1,353 -852 -897 -123 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,016 1,546 1,434 1,086 1,068 1,378 Portfolio equity 1 5 5 0 6 3 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 41 91 115 123 106 90 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 25 52 71 82 75 68 Debt service to exports (%) 4 12 15 20 12 13 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 50 32 30 28 25 25 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 0 8 7 9 10 10 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 18 9 7 9 14 13 Gross national income (GNI) 59,975 76,402 53,995 45,532 52,669 57,399 32 BELIZE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 1,276 1,286 1,307 1,322 1,368 1,380 Use of IMF Credit 28 26 25 24 25 25 Long-term external debt 1,241 1,255 1,275 1,294 1,338 1,351 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,021 1,101 1,153 1,177 1,231 1,259 Public Sector 1,021 1,101 1,153 1,177 1,231 1,259 of which: General Government 990 1,098 1,147 1,167 1,215 1,225 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 219 154 121 117 107 93 Short-term external debt 7 5 7 4 5 4 Disbursements (long-term) 109 90 95 69 107 76 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 41 87 93 67 98 70 Public Sector 41 87 93 67 98 70 of which: General Government 33 87 89 63 91 52 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 68 3 2 2 9 6 Principal repayments (long-term) 87 47 50 51 54 62 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 52 37 40 43 44 42 Public Sector 52 37 40 43 44 42 of which: General Government 47 36 39 42 44 41 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 35 10 11 8 10 20 Interest payments (long-term) 60 44 45 47 47 48 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 49 37 37 42 42 43 Public Sector 49 37 37 42 42 43 of which: General Government 48 37 37 42 41 43 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 12 7 7 5 5 5 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,241 1,255 1,275 1,294 1,338 1,351 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,021 1,101 1,153 1,177 1,231 1,259 Official creditors 428 575 627 650 679 705 Multilateral 231 291 307 317 336 348 of which: World Bank 22 13 14 17 16 19 Bilateral 197 284 320 334 344 357 Private creditors 593 527 527 527 552 554 Bondholders 22 527 527 527 527 527 Commercial banks and others 571 0 .. .. 25 27 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 219 154 121 117 107 93 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 219 154 121 117 107 93 Use of IMF Credit 28 26 25 24 25 25 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. -1 .. .. .. .. Long-term 22 43 44 17 52 14 Official creditors -2 50 53 24 28 26 Multilateral -6 6 16 10 18 13 of which: World Bank -5 0 1 3 0 2 Bilateral 4 44 37 13 10 13 Private creditors 24 -7 -9 -6 24 -12 Bondholders -2 0 0 0 0 0 Banks and other private 26 -7 -9 -6 24 -12 Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 162 141 59 33 26 120 Portfolio equity 2 .. .. .. 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 146 118 126 136 131 127 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 106 83 78 78 80 77 Debt service to exports (%) 17 8 9 10 10 10 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 0 1 0 0 0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 18 23 23 24 25 25 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 13 38 33 28 23 21 Gross national income (GNI) 1,203 1,555 1,667 1,696 1,707 1,797 33 BENIN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 973.6 2,041.5 2,178.0 2,316.2 2,897.8 3,690.6 Use of IMF Credit 36.9 220.3 202.3 187.0 226.4 244.6 Long-term external debt 847.3 1,760.6 1,900.4 2,067.0 2,599.7 3,390.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 847.3 1,760.6 1,900.4 2,067.0 2,599.7 3,390.3 Public Sector 847.3 1,760.6 1,900.4 2,067.0 2,599.7 3,390.3 of which: General Government 847.3 1,760.6 1,900.4 2,067.0 2,599.7 3,390.3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 89.3 60.6 75.3 62.3 71.8 55.7 Disbursements (long-term) 142.4 329.2 282.8 288.8 422.9 1,050.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 142.4 329.2 282.8 288.8 422.9 1,050.6 Public Sector 142.4 329.2 282.8 288.8 422.9 1,050.6 of which: General Government 142.4 329.2 282.8 288.8 422.9 1,050.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 16.0 46.6 43.7 55.0 55.5 152.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16.0 46.6 43.7 55.0 55.5 152.7 Public Sector 16.0 46.6 43.7 55.0 55.5 152.7 of which: General Government 16.0 46.6 43.7 55.0 55.5 152.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 41.1 24.6 23.9 28.1 32.7 39.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 41.1 24.6 23.9 28.1 32.7 39.9 Public Sector 41.1 24.6 23.9 28.1 32.7 39.9 of which: General Government 41.1 24.6 23.9 28.1 32.7 39.9 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 847.3 1,760.6 1,900.4 2,067.0 2,599.7 3,390.3 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 847.3 1,760.6 1,900.4 2,067.0 2,599.7 3,390.3 Official creditors 847.3 1,760.6 1,900.4 2,018.0 2,462.2 2,478.8 Multilateral 691.0 1,452.6 1,534.3 1,655.3 2,007.5 1,994.4 of which: World Bank 255.4 621.7 680.5 764.5 914.2 983.9 Bilateral 156.3 308.0 366.1 362.7 454.6 484.4 Private creditors .. 0.0 0.0 48.9 137.5 911.5 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 0.0 0.0 48.9 137.5 911.5 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 36.9 220.3 202.3 187.0 226.4 244.6 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 18.9 8.6 -8.4 -9.7 27.6 23.9 Long-term 126.4 282.6 239.1 233.7 367.4 897.8 Official creditors 126.4 282.6 239.1 182.4 290.3 93.0 Multilateral 124.1 188.5 164.9 167.8 219.6 44.5 of which: World Bank 84.1 102.4 87.0 107.9 102.5 93.4 Bilateral 2.3 94.0 74.2 14.5 70.7 48.4 Private creditors .. .. 0.0 51.3 77.1 804.9 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. .. 0.0 51.3 77.1 804.9 Short-term -27.1 -99.4 -9.1 -7.4 8.7 -14.9 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment -48.7 176.3 96.6 31.1 44.2 207.5 Portfolio equity -1.8 5.8 77.0 9.4 17.5 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 58.1 63.8 102.2 103.5 108.6 133.8 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 13.7 21.2 26.5 27.1 31.6 35.9 Debt service to exports (%) 3.6 2.5 3.6 4.2 4.0 7.8 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9.2 3.0 3.5 2.7 2.5 1.5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 71.0 71.2 70.4 71.5 69.3 54.0 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 129.8 35.6 33.6 .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 7,121.5 9,646.3 8,225.6 8,535.4 9,180.4 10,277.0 34 BHUTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 693.1 1,833.5 2,011.1 2,289.7 2,607.9 2,549.2 Use of IMF Credit 9.2 8.7 8.3 8.1 8.5 8.3 Long-term external debt 675.9 1,821.4 2,002.8 2,281.5 2,596.4 2,536.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 675.9 1,819.6 1,945.1 2,221.2 2,540.8 2,481.6 Public Sector 675.9 1,819.6 1,945.1 2,221.2 2,540.8 2,481.6 of which: General Government 675.9 1,661.7 1,839.5 2,118.2 2,431.3 2,381.3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 1.9 57.7 60.3 55.6 54.9 Short-term external debt 8.0 3.4 0.0 0.1 3.0 4.3 Disbursements (long-term) 31.7 424.3 361.4 402.0 219.8 165.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 31.7 424.3 304.0 365.0 219.8 165.5 Public Sector 31.7 424.3 304.0 365.0 219.8 165.5 of which: General Government 31.7 424.3 304.0 365.0 219.8 165.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 57.3 36.9 .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 43.5 42.3 91.7 75.4 46.3 51.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 43.5 39.9 90.3 41.6 41.6 50.8 Public Sector 43.5 39.9 90.3 41.6 41.6 50.8 of which: General Government 43.5 39.9 43.5 41.6 41.6 50.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 2.4 1.4 33.8 4.7 0.8 Interest payments (long-term) 38.0 40.6 37.2 35.2 36.1 35.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 38.0 40.4 37.1 34.3 33.9 34.0 Public Sector 38.0 40.4 37.1 34.3 33.9 34.0 of which: General Government 38.0 32.2 31.2 29.1 28.6 28.9 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 0.2 0.1 1.0 2.2 1.7 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 675.9 1,821.4 2,002.8 2,281.5 2,596.4 2,536.5 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 675.9 1,819.6 1,945.1 2,221.2 2,540.8 2,481.6 Official creditors 675.9 1,769.5 1,897.6 2,179.4 2,490.7 2,434.9 Multilateral 236.9 470.9 468.9 460.2 532.5 563.4 of which: World Bank 94.3 170.3 183.4 177.6 219.0 243.7 Bilateral 439.0 1,298.6 1,428.7 1,719.2 1,958.3 1,871.5 Private creditors .. 50.1 47.5 41.8 50.1 46.7 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 50.1 47.5 41.8 50.1 46.7 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 1.9 57.7 60.3 55.6 54.9 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 1.9 57.7 60.3 55.6 54.9 Use of IMF Credit 9.2 8.7 8.3 8.1 8.5 8.3 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. Long-term -11.8 382.0 269.7 326.6 173.5 113.9 Official creditors -11.8 377.2 211.1 327.8 175.6 115.6 Multilateral 11.0 49.3 14.9 1.3 48.1 41.4 of which: World Bank 7.5 4.6 20.7 -0.4 29.7 30.5 Bilateral -22.8 327.9 196.2 326.4 127.4 74.2 Private creditors .. 4.8 58.5 -1.2 -2.1 -1.7 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. 4.8 58.5 -1.2 -2.1 -1.7 Short-term -10.0 -71.6 -3.4 0.1 2.9 1.3 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2.4 22.4 5.7 11.5 -0.7 3.3 Portfolio equity .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 100.7 270.2 268.8 343.4 349.4 313.1 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 56.6 99.5 104.9 112.6 112.6 109.2 Debt service to exports (%) 11.9 12.2 17.2 16.6 11.0 10.7 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 34.2 25.7 23.3 20.1 20.4 22.1 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 110.3 67.9 54.9 49.2 46.3 38.7 Gross national income (GNI) 1,224.3 1,841.9 1,917.0 2,034.2 2,315.2 2,333.5 35 BOLIVIA, PLURINATIONAL STATE OF (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 5,701 8,884 9,895 10,994 12,990 13,280 Use of IMF Credit 41 238 227 221 234 228 Long-term external debt 5,390 8,357 9,242 10,299 12,486 12,349 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,421 5,745 6,336 7,010 9,151 9,904 Public Sector 2,421 5,744 6,335 7,010 9,151 9,904 of which: General Government 2,262 5,583 6,304 6,984 9,126 9,883 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 1 0 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,969 2,612 2,906 3,289 3,336 2,445 Short-term external debt 270 289 426 475 270 703 Disbursements (long-term) 1,302 1,587 1,408 1,432 2,661 1,372 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 629 745 1,016 1,002 2,390 1,197 Public Sector 629 745 1,016 1,002 2,390 1,197 of which: General Government 589 745 1,016 1,002 2,390 1,197 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 0 0 .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 673 842 392 430 271 176 Principal repayments (long-term) 768 817 811 550 688 640 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 376 231 374 280 331 360 Public Sector 376 231 373 280 331 360 of which: General Government 372 219 246 276 328 356 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 0 0 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 392 586 438 270 357 280 Interest payments (long-term) 176 157 170 211 283 346 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 99 140 153 185 250 316 Public Sector 99 140 153 185 250 316 of which: General Government 98 136 150 184 250 316 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 0 0 0 .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 77 18 17 26 33 30 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 5,390 8,357 9,242 10,299 12,486 12,349 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,421 5,745 6,336 7,010 9,151 9,904 Official creditors 2,324 4,729 5,323 5,999 7,141 7,896 Multilateral 1,813 3,889 4,648 5,282 6,157 6,712 of which: World Bank 282 499 735 770 830 847 Bilateral 512 840 674 717 984 1,184 Private creditors 97 1,015 1,013 1,011 2,010 2,008 Bondholders 10 1,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 Commercial banks and others 87 15 13 11 10 8 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,969 2,612 2,906 3,289 3,336 2,445 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 2,969 2,612 2,906 3,289 3,336 2,445 Use of IMF Credit 41 238 227 221 234 228 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 534 770 596 882 1,973 732 Official creditors 191 516 644 724 1,060 838 Multilateral 106 477 786 661 827 614 of which: World Bank 24 31 259 57 19 37 Bilateral 86 39 -142 63 233 225 Private creditors 343 254 -48 159 913 -106 Bondholders .. 0 0 0 1,000 0 Banks and other private 343 254 -48 159 -87 -106 Short-term 47 39 137 49 -205 433 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 280 626 371 193 706 227 Portfolio equity 0 21 19 21 30 22 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 77 63 99 131 133 126 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 35 28 31 33 36 34 Debt service to exports (%) 13 7 10 9 10 10 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 5 3 4 4 2 5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 32 44 47 48 47 51 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 122 152 117 77 65 54 Gross national income (GNI) 16,138 31,298 31,873 33,320 36,449 39,313 36 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 13,109 13,777 13,917 14,425 15,318 15,824 Use of IMF Credit 32 892 800 770 592 466 Long-term external debt 11,915 12,104 12,470 13,008 14,440 15,091 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,008 4,734 4,390 4,401 4,841 4,966 Public Sector 3,008 4,734 4,390 4,401 4,841 4,966 of which: General Government 3,000 4,501 4,064 4,035 4,430 4,569 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 8,907 7,370 8,080 8,606 9,599 10,125 Short-term external debt 1,162 781 647 647 286 267 Disbursements (long-term) 1,962 704 1,239 1,417 1,447 1,299 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 189 644 361 401 308 629 Public Sector 189 644 361 401 308 629 of which: General Government 189 559 235 330 293 606 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,773 61 878 1,016 1,139 670 Principal repayments (long-term) 137 994 510 757 450 469 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 91 227 342 267 304 325 Public Sector 91 227 342 267 304 325 of which: General Government 91 225 332 250 286 305 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 46 768 168 490 147 143 Interest payments (long-term) 257 249 191 209 224 246 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 80 82 56 65 63 76 Public Sector 80 82 56 65 63 76 of which: General Government 80 79 53 62 61 74 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 176 168 135 144 160 169 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 11,915 12,104 12,470 13,008 14,440 15,091 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,008 4,734 4,390 4,401 4,841 4,966 Official creditors 2,799 4,413 4,136 4,203 4,672 4,643 Multilateral 1,984 3,495 3,319 3,397 3,769 3,741 of which: World Bank 1,520 1,564 1,551 1,514 1,572 1,610 Bilateral 815 918 817 806 903 903 Private creditors 209 321 254 198 169 322 Bondholders .. 158 121 98 89 256 Commercial banks and others 209 163 132 100 80 66 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 8,907 7,370 8,080 8,606 9,599 10,125 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 8,907 7,370 8,080 8,606 9,599 10,125 Use of IMF Credit 32 892 800 770 592 466 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -2 99 -54 -6 -218 -114 Long-term 1,825 -290 730 660 997 831 Official creditors 72 455 55 183 58 138 Multilateral 57 416 91 175 27 109 of which: World Bank -8 27 57 0 -36 81 Bilateral 15 39 -36 8 30 29 Private creditors 1,753 -745 675 477 939 692 Bondholders .. -25 -21 -21 -21 176 Banks and other private 1,753 -720 696 497 960 516 Short-term -225 -239 -134 1 -362 -19 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 588 254 264 256 452 576 Portfolio equity 0 -6 2 3 5 -2 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 204 198 225 220 195 181 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 66 74 85 85 85 80 Debt service to exports (%) 7 21 12 16 12 11 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9 6 5 4 2 2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 25 24 24 25 24 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 34 34 34 35 41 42 Gross national income (GNI) 19,819 18,710 16,321 16,959 18,000 19,680 37 BOTSWANA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 448.5 2,545.6 2,225.6 2,109.2 1,717.7 1,748.7 Use of IMF Credit 6.7 83.2 79.6 77.2 81.8 79.9 Long-term external debt 396.8 1,989.6 1,761.4 1,653.1 1,528.1 1,418.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 396.8 1,909.9 1,761.4 1,653.1 1,528.1 1,418.0 Public Sector 396.8 1,909.9 1,761.4 1,653.1 1,528.1 1,418.0 of which: General Government 379.8 1,870.0 1,730.3 1,630.9 1,514.8 1,413.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 79.7 0.0 .. .. 0.0 Short-term external debt 45.0 472.8 384.6 378.9 107.8 250.9 Disbursements (long-term) 56.5 78.0 7.9 36.8 4.5 36.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 56.5 78.0 7.9 36.8 4.5 36.5 Public Sector 56.5 78.0 7.9 36.8 4.5 36.5 of which: General Government 56.5 38.0 7.9 36.8 4.5 36.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 60.9 39.0 219.3 140.5 142.3 142.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 60.9 39.0 139.6 140.5 142.3 142.6 Public Sector 60.9 39.0 139.6 140.5 142.3 142.6 of which: General Government 56.7 38.9 130.7 131.6 133.4 133.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 79.7 .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 7.7 20.1 20.5 18.5 29.5 30.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7.7 17.8 15.9 18.5 29.5 30.8 Public Sector 7.7 17.8 15.9 18.5 29.5 30.8 of which: General Government 6.9 17.8 15.7 18.2 29.3 30.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 2.3 4.6 .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 396.8 1,989.6 1,761.4 1,653.1 1,528.1 1,418.0 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 396.8 1,909.9 1,761.4 1,653.1 1,528.1 1,418.0 Official creditors 394.8 1,870.0 1,730.3 1,630.9 1,514.8 1,413.6 Multilateral 246.3 1,781.4 1,661.0 1,578.7 1,472.6 1,384.2 of which: World Bank 5.3 135.2 131.4 158.6 151.5 173.6 Bilateral 148.5 88.5 69.3 52.2 42.2 29.3 Private creditors 2.0 40.0 31.1 22.2 13.3 4.4 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 2.0 40.0 31.1 22.2 13.3 4.4 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 79.7 0.0 .. .. 0.0 Bondholders .. 79.7 0.0 .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 Use of IMF Credit 6.7 83.2 79.6 77.2 81.8 79.9 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. Long-term -4.4 39.0 -211.3 -103.7 -137.8 -106.1 Official creditors 0.7 -0.9 -122.8 -94.8 -128.9 -97.2 Multilateral 18.0 15.8 -106.9 -79.6 -116.4 -85.4 of which: World Bank -0.5 22.8 -1.0 27.2 -7.1 22.1 Bilateral -17.3 -16.8 -15.8 -15.2 -12.5 -11.9 Private creditors -5.1 40.0 -88.6 -8.9 -8.9 -8.9 Bondholders .. .. -79.7 .. .. .. Banks and other private -5.1 40.0 -8.9 -8.9 -8.9 -8.9 Short-term 23.0 75.5 -88.2 -5.7 -271.1 143.1 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 513.6 415.7 310.7 47.5 159.7 173.8 Portfolio equity -36.7 -66.4 -103.6 -122.8 -46.6 -136.5 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 7.6 26.1 29.9 25.0 24.0 23.0 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 4.4 16.0 15.7 14.0 10.2 9.7 Debt service to exports (%) 1.2 0.7 3.3 2.0 2.4 2.4 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 10.0 18.6 17.3 18.0 6.3 14.3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 54.9 70.0 74.6 74.8 85.7 79.2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 2,033.1 327.0 339.1 340.8 436.1 380.7 Gross national income (GNI) 10,196.3 15,905.2 14,205.4 15,043.5 16,826.5 17,999.6 38 BRAZIL (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 262,957 556,920 543,397 543,257 542,980 557,823 Use of IMF Credit 552 4,183 4,001 3,881 4,112 4,015 Long-term external debt 225,761 494,560 487,055 482,174 486,460 486,963 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 79,918 174,931 172,887 174,683 181,161 190,143 Public Sector 78,686 171,794 170,432 172,853 179,675 189,083 of which: General Government 64,717 73,660 68,703 71,178 70,026 70,400 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1,233 3,138 2,455 1,830 1,485 1,060 Private sector not guaranteed 145,842 319,629 314,168 307,492 305,299 296,820 Short-term external debt 36,644 58,177 52,341 57,202 52,408 66,844 Disbursements (long-term) 69,560 115,457 93,786 106,246 96,709 105,009 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16,697 42,117 20,051 19,728 30,315 28,760 Public Sector 16,579 41,474 19,813 19,608 30,187 28,626 of which: General Government 12,403 13,201 3,031 5,732 7,093 4,607 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 119 644 238 121 128 134 Private sector not guaranteed 52,863 73,339 73,735 86,518 66,394 76,249 Principal repayments (long-term) 40,355 45,025 71,342 94,709 75,665 74,379 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16,353 9,168 22,929 18,983 23,215 28,432 Public Sector 16,232 8,737 22,031 18,238 22,715 27,874 of which: General Government 14,319 6,849 5,140 3,809 8,450 3,645 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 120 431 898 745 500 558 Private sector not guaranteed 24,002 35,857 48,413 75,726 52,450 45,947 Interest payments (long-term) 15,046 16,450 17,723 21,605 18,467 18,681 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,057 5,726 5,895 5,537 6,696 5,679 Public Sector 5,990 5,640 5,810 5,460 6,639 5,630 of which: General Government 5,399 3,344 3,330 3,163 3,348 3,186 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 66 86 85 78 57 49 Private sector not guaranteed 8,989 10,724 11,828 16,068 11,771 13,002 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 225,761 494,560 487,055 482,174 486,460 486,963 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 79,918 174,931 172,887 174,683 181,161 190,143 Official creditors 29,329 42,412 42,083 41,064 48,327 47,811 Multilateral 24,647 31,162 31,657 32,071 32,678 33,337 of which: World Bank 10,671 15,288 15,753 16,255 16,390 16,213 Bilateral 4,682 11,250 10,426 8,993 15,650 14,474 Private creditors 50,589 132,519 130,805 133,619 132,833 142,332 Bondholders 43,237 53,854 46,628 46,843 44,874 41,979 Commercial banks and others 7,352 78,665 84,176 86,776 87,959 100,354 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 145,842 319,629 314,168 307,492 305,299 296,820 Bondholders 37,855 55,073 51,276 46,930 48,026 32,686 Commercial banks and others 107,987 264,555 262,891 260,562 257,273 264,134 Use of IMF Credit 552 4,183 4,001 3,881 4,112 4,015 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 29,206 70,432 22,444 11,538 21,044 30,630 Official creditors 1,951 3,249 -236 -1,012 7,140 -406 Multilateral 1,202 2,607 507 427 633 738 of which: World Bank 914 1,597 474 516 159 -114 Bilateral 749 642 -743 -1,439 6,506 -1,144 Private creditors 27,254 67,183 22,680 12,550 13,904 31,036 Bondholders 2,587 -401 -5,442 -7,710 -642 1,287 Banks and other private 24,667 67,584 28,122 20,260 14,546 29,749 Short-term -2,602 24,680 -5,818 4,860 -4,798 14,440 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 30,064 48,674 41,888 48,853 64,008 55,999 Portfolio equity -7,565 11,493 9,787 11,040 5,674 -5,634 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 109 205 240 236 197 186 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 16 23 31 31 27 30 Debt service to exports (%) 23 23 40 51 35 32 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 14 10 10 11 10 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 9 6 6 6 6 6 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 73 65 65 67 68 67 Gross national income (GNI) 1,654,242 2,407,379 1,763,308 1,758,811 2,015,527 1,840,199 39 BULGARIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 53,065 46,889 40,115 39,657 40,438 39,874 Use of IMF Credit 941 885 847 821 870 850 Long-term external debt 33,790 34,855 30,496 30,226 30,032 29,329 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,830 5,715 8,571 10,818 11,321 11,138 Public Sector 4,830 5,715 8,571 10,818 11,321 11,138 of which: General Government 3,982 5,400 8,285 9,939 10,115 10,051 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 28,960 29,139 21,925 19,408 18,711 18,192 Short-term external debt 18,334 11,149 8,773 8,609 9,536 9,695 Disbursements (long-term) 17,394 5,534 7,135 6,999 5,276 4,941 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 370 2,145 3,704 2,836 276 806 Public Sector 370 2,145 3,704 2,836 276 806 of which: General Government 266 2,145 3,664 2,177 10 782 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 17,024 3,389 3,431 4,163 5,001 4,135 Principal repayments (long-term) 3,960 4,438 7,173 5,787 6,833 4,954 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 733 296 228 265 1,345 308 Public Sector 733 296 228 265 1,345 308 of which: General Government 672 215 172 212 1,284 211 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,227 4,142 6,945 5,521 5,489 4,646 Interest payments (long-term) 929 722 2,099 2,162 1,704 1,377 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 292 124 162 239 296 260 Public Sector 292 124 162 239 296 260 of which: General Government 255 114 155 229 281 243 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 637 598 1,936 1,923 1,408 1,118 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 33,790 34,855 30,496 30,226 30,032 29,329 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 4,830 5,715 8,571 10,818 11,321 11,138 Official creditors 3,019 2,744 2,477 2,817 3,357 2,847 Multilateral 2,198 2,373 2,168 2,556 3,033 2,600 of which: World Bank 1,207 969 786 920 1,129 831 Bilateral 821 371 309 261 325 247 Private creditors 1,811 2,971 6,094 8,002 7,964 8,291 Bondholders 1,775 2,966 6,089 7,997 7,960 8,286 Commercial banks and others 36 5 5 4 5 4 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 28,960 29,139 21,925 19,408 18,711 18,192 Bondholders 522 1,444 1,444 1,444 1,444 85 Commercial banks and others 28,438 27,695 20,481 17,964 17,267 18,107 Use of IMF Credit 941 885 847 821 870 850 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 13,434 1,096 -38 1,212 -1,557 -13 Official creditors -352 -117 -17 404 4 -210 Multilateral -431 -54 37 463 -41 -134 of which: World Bank -407 -103 -87 150 -82 -84 Bilateral 79 -63 -54 -58 45 -76 Private creditors 13,786 1,213 -20 808 -1,561 197 Bondholders -287 1,816 3,494 2,167 -1,073 -650 Banks and other private 14,073 -602 -3,514 -1,359 -488 848 Short-term 4,298 -2,260 -2,331 -159 897 36 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 5,821 11 2,788 1,460 993 1,381 Portfolio equity -106 -77 -9 -20 155 102 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 166 123 121 112 99 91 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 102 83 82 75 69 60 Debt service to exports (%) 18 14 29 23 21 15 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 35 24 22 22 24 24 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 4 5 5 6 7 7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 32 40 52 60 66 68 Gross national income (GNI) 52,088 56,323 49,193 53,102 58,985 66,138 40 BURKINA FASO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 1,584 2,551 2,632 2,825 3,129 3,286 Use of IMF Credit 69 283 283 286 284 269 Long-term external debt 1,507 2,268 2,349 2,539 2,845 3,017 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,506 2,260 2,339 2,532 2,835 3,006 Public Sector 1,506 2,260 2,339 2,532 2,835 3,006 of which: General Government 1,506 2,260 2,339 2,532 2,835 3,006 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1 8 10 7 10 11 Short-term external debt 9 0 0 0 0 0 Disbursements (long-term) 293 221 274 264 184 340 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 293 217 271 262 183 338 Public Sector 293 217 271 262 183 338 of which: General Government 293 217 271 262 183 338 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1 4 3 2 1 2 Principal repayments (long-term) 27 59 71 71 78 78 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 27 58 70 70 77 77 Public Sector 27 58 70 70 77 77 of which: General Government 27 58 70 70 77 77 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 1 1 1 1 1 Interest payments (long-term) 14 24 23 31 33 32 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14 23 22 31 32 31 Public Sector 14 23 22 31 32 31 of which: General Government 14 23 22 31 32 31 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 0 0 0 0 1 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,507 2,268 2,349 2,539 2,845 3,017 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,506 2,260 2,339 2,532 2,835 3,006 Official creditors 1,484 2,253 2,336 2,531 2,835 3,006 Multilateral 1,198 1,987 2,039 2,195 2,506 2,664 of which: World Bank 626 949 1,038 1,171 1,334 1,458 Bilateral 286 266 298 336 329 342 Private creditors 22 7 3 1 0 .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 22 7 3 1 0 .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1 8 10 7 10 11 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1 8 10 7 10 11 Use of IMF Credit 69 283 283 286 284 269 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 18 -3 12 12 -18 -9 Long-term 266 162 203 193 106 262 Official creditors 269 162 204 194 107 261 Multilateral 228 174 163 199 129 241 of which: World Bank 159 85 130 166 78 166 Bilateral 41 -13 41 -5 -23 20 Private creditors -2 1 -1 0 -1 1 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -2 1 -1 0 -1 1 Short-term -147 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 28 241 108 165 92 480 Portfolio equity -2 66 4 35 28 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 148 76 90 82 80 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 19 21 26 27 26 23 Debt service to exports (%) 4 3 4 4 3 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 0 0 0 0 0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 76 78 77 78 80 81 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 59 12 10 .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 8,348 12,018 10,082 10,496 11,921 14,030 41 BURUNDI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 1,390.3 690.2 626.0 602.8 614.0 589.3 Use of IMF Credit 138.0 238.3 217.6 193.6 188.1 166.4 Long-term external debt 1,234.3 403.6 408.1 408.9 425.6 422.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,234.3 403.6 408.1 408.9 425.6 422.7 Public Sector 1,234.3 403.6 408.1 408.9 425.6 422.7 of which: General Government 1,232.3 403.6 408.1 397.6 414.4 411.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 18.0 48.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Disbursements (long-term) 24.8 39.9 21.0 19.0 20.1 10.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 24.8 39.9 21.0 19.0 20.1 10.7 Public Sector 24.8 39.9 21.0 19.0 20.1 10.7 of which: General Government 24.8 39.9 21.0 7.8 20.1 10.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 11.3 9.6 5.7 11.5 15.7 8.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 11.3 9.6 5.7 11.5 15.7 8.4 Public Sector 11.3 9.6 5.7 11.5 15.7 8.4 of which: General Government 9.7 9.6 5.7 11.5 15.7 8.4 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 7.4 3.8 3.7 3.7 2.7 3.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7.4 3.8 3.7 3.7 2.7 3.1 Public Sector 7.4 3.8 3.7 3.7 2.7 3.1 of which: General Government 7.4 3.8 3.7 3.7 2.7 3.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,234.3 403.6 408.1 408.9 425.6 422.7 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,234.3 403.6 408.1 408.9 425.6 422.7 Official creditors 1,234.3 399.2 403.7 404.5 421.3 418.4 Multilateral 1,145.4 313.8 307.2 310.6 318.4 314.5 of which: World Bank 818.5 160.7 150.6 143.0 148.2 141.5 Bilateral 88.9 85.4 96.5 93.9 102.9 103.9 Private creditors 0.0 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0.0 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 138.0 238.3 217.6 193.6 188.1 166.4 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 21.7 -0.9 -10.5 -18.0 -16.6 -17.6 Long-term 13.5 30.3 15.3 7.5 4.4 2.3 Official creditors 13.5 30.3 15.3 7.5 4.4 2.3 Multilateral 14.3 15.1 2.9 9.0 -3.4 0.4 of which: World Bank 13.8 -2.6 -3.2 -3.2 -3.2 -3.3 Bilateral -0.8 15.1 12.4 -1.5 7.7 1.9 Private creditors .. .. .. .. 0.0 0.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. .. .. .. 0.0 0.0 Short-term 13.0 17.0 -48.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 3.8 81.7 49.6 0.1 0.3 1.0 Portfolio equity .. 1.5 .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 848.5 316.3 323.5 289.1 245.8 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 86.5 25.6 20.2 20.4 19.4 19.2 Debt service to exports (%) 12.0 13.9 13.9 16.0 14.0 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1.3 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 82.4 45.5 49.1 51.5 51.9 53.4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 19.1 45.8 21.6 15.6 15.7 11.3 Gross national income (GNI) 1,607.5 2,699.0 3,102.7 2,958.3 3,167.6 3,075.6 42 CABO VERDE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 626.1 1,543.5 1,542.5 1,542.6 1,761.7 1,735.4 Use of IMF Credit 13.3 13.6 12.7 12.3 13.1 12.8 Long-term external debt 611.4 1,528.3 1,528.3 1,528.7 1,747.2 1,721.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 611.4 1,528.3 1,528.3 1,528.7 1,747.2 1,721.1 Public Sector 611.4 1,528.3 1,528.3 1,528.7 1,747.2 1,721.1 of which: General Government 611.4 1,528.3 1,528.3 1,528.7 1,747.2 1,721.1 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Disbursements (long-term) 74.8 233.3 140.1 67.9 94.8 69.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 74.8 233.3 140.1 67.9 94.8 69.8 Public Sector 74.8 233.3 140.1 67.9 94.8 69.8 of which: General Government 74.8 233.3 140.1 67.9 94.8 69.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 23.9 24.5 24.1 25.9 32.6 36.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 23.9 24.5 24.1 25.9 32.6 36.6 Public Sector 23.9 24.5 24.1 25.9 32.6 36.6 of which: General Government 23.6 24.5 24.1 25.9 32.6 36.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 6.6 18.2 17.9 18.2 18.1 19.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6.6 18.2 17.9 18.2 18.1 19.0 Public Sector 6.6 18.2 17.9 18.2 18.1 19.0 of which: General Government 6.6 18.2 17.9 18.2 18.1 19.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 611.4 1,528.3 1,528.3 1,528.7 1,747.2 1,721.1 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 611.4 1,528.3 1,528.3 1,528.7 1,747.2 1,721.1 Official creditors 601.5 1,045.8 1,067.6 1,067.0 1,208.6 1,206.9 Multilateral 483.6 704.1 722.4 724.1 796.9 802.2 of which: World Bank 283.8 358.3 357.4 344.7 361.7 351.4 Bilateral 117.9 341.7 345.2 342.9 411.6 404.7 Private creditors 9.9 482.5 460.7 461.7 538.6 514.2 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 9.9 482.5 460.7 461.7 538.6 514.2 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 13.3 13.6 12.7 12.3 13.1 12.8 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -0.8 -1.1 -0.3 .. .. .. Long-term 50.9 208.8 116.0 42.0 62.2 33.2 Official creditors 55.2 94.7 87.4 25.6 49.7 33.2 Multilateral 26.0 74.9 56.7 20.0 16.7 27.9 of which: World Bank 18.2 44.7 17.4 -2.0 -6.3 -1.0 Bilateral 29.3 19.8 30.7 5.5 33.0 5.3 Private creditors -4.3 114.2 28.6 16.4 12.5 0.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -4.3 114.2 28.6 16.4 12.5 0.0 Short-term .. .. .. .. .. .. Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 210.3 173.1 99.9 125.5 120.0 101.8 Portfolio equity 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 84.9 170.0 229.4 208.5 208.4 173.6 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 35.9 87.3 100.3 96.2 103.0 89.3 Debt service to exports (%) 4.3 4.8 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.6 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 77.2 45.6 46.8 46.9 45.2 46.2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 57.7 33.1 32.1 37.1 35.0 34.9 Gross national income (GNI) 1,742.2 1,767.3 1,537.7 1,603.6 1,710.2 1,943.4 43 CAMBODIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,466 8,130 9,698 11,602 13,016 15,336 Use of IMF Credit 24 122 116 113 120 117 Long-term external debt 2,361 6,921 8,262 9,762 11,118 12,853 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,361 5,065 5,451 5,647 6,389 6,731 Public Sector 2,361 5,065 5,451 5,647 6,389 6,731 of which: General Government 2,361 5,065 5,451 5,647 6,389 6,731 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 1,857 2,810 4,116 4,729 6,122 Short-term external debt 81 1,087 1,320 1,727 1,778 2,366 Disbursements (long-term) 345 1,312 1,613 2,331 1,580 2,422 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 345 660 619 520 656 638 Public Sector 345 660 619 520 656 638 of which: General Government 345 660 619 520 656 638 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 651 994 1,811 924 1,784 Principal repayments (long-term) 19 585 580 619 450 572 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19 77 80 113 140 181 Public Sector 19 77 80 113 140 181 of which: General Government 19 77 80 113 140 181 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 508 500 506 311 391 Interest payments (long-term) 19 63 71 94 99 225 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19 57 57 72 72 85 Public Sector 19 57 57 72 72 85 of which: General Government 19 57 57 72 72 85 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 5 14 21 27 139 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,361 6,921 8,262 9,762 11,118 12,853 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,361 5,065 5,451 5,647 6,389 6,731 Official creditors 2,361 5,065 5,451 5,647 6,389 6,731 Multilateral 1,420 1,690 1,681 1,735 1,936 1,954 of which: World Bank 545 577 541 518 550 544 Bilateral 941 3,375 3,770 3,912 4,453 4,777 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 1,857 2,810 4,116 4,729 6,122 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 300 Commercial banks and others .. 1,857 2,810 4,116 4,729 5,822 Use of IMF Credit 24 122 116 113 120 117 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 326 727 1,033 1,712 1,129 1,850 Official creditors 326 583 539 407 516 457 Multilateral 128 64 64 106 96 64 of which: World Bank 14 22 -11 -7 1 7 Bilateral 198 519 475 301 420 393 Private creditors .. 144 494 1,305 613 1,393 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 300 Banks and other private .. 144 494 1,305 613 1,093 Short-term 81 124 233 407 51 588 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 815 1,853 1,823 2,476 2,788 3,103 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 48 66 71 79 80 81 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 25 51 57 62 63 67 Debt service to exports (%) 1 5 5 5 4 5 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 3 13 14 15 14 15 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 58 21 17 15 15 13 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 93 69 71 72 87 87 Gross national income (GNI) 9,926 15,826 16,945 18,788 20,800 22,915 44 CAMEROON (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,836 5,758 7,282 8,240 10,477 11,493 Use of IMF Credit 62 406 358 318 602 714 Long-term external debt 2,733 5,175 6,625 7,659 9,347 10,336 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,097 4,609 5,708 6,647 8,421 9,633 Public Sector 2,097 4,609 5,708 6,647 8,421 9,633 of which: General Government 2,083 4,608 5,707 6,646 8,420 9,632 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 636 565 918 1,012 925 703 Short-term external debt 40 177 299 262 528 443 Disbursements (long-term) 275 1,255 1,687 1,605 1,644 1,783 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 188 1,209 1,630 1,356 1,583 1,730 Public Sector 188 1,209 1,630 1,356 1,583 1,730 of which: General Government 188 1,209 1,630 1,356 1,583 1,730 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 87 46 57 249 61 53 Principal repayments (long-term) 341 375 316 614 413 623 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 149 347 269 341 175 373 Public Sector 149 347 269 341 175 373 of which: General Government 141 347 269 341 175 373 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 192 28 47 273 238 250 Interest payments (long-term) 91 148 157 280 272 404 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 47 136 115 168 240 237 Public Sector 47 136 115 168 240 237 of which: General Government 46 136 115 168 240 236 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 44 12 42 112 32 168 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,733 5,175 6,625 7,659 9,347 10,336 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,097 4,609 5,708 6,647 8,421 9,633 Official creditors 2,095 4,436 4,723 5,695 7,346 8,212 Multilateral 612 1,609 1,688 1,894 2,555 3,303 of which: World Bank 260 743 798 897 1,306 1,432 Bilateral 1,483 2,826 3,035 3,802 4,791 4,908 Private creditors 3 174 985 951 1,075 1,422 Bondholders .. 0 750 687 687 786 Commercial banks and others 3 174 235 265 389 636 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 636 565 918 1,012 925 703 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 636 565 918 1,012 925 703 Use of IMF Credit 62 406 358 318 602 714 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 8 -5 -31 -30 258 128 Long-term -66 880 1,371 991 1,231 1,160 Official creditors 39 836 531 1,042 1,313 1,090 Multilateral 66 243 179 185 572 859 of which: World Bank 23 120 90 127 353 165 Bilateral -27 593 352 857 741 231 Private creditors -105 45 839 -51 -82 70 Bondholders .. 0 750 -63 .. 0 Banks and other private -105 45 89 12 -82 70 Short-term -199 -206 123 -36 262 -95 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 56 154 65 48 219 702 Portfolio equity -1 0 -21 0 0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 38 66 105 128 155 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 11 17 24 26 31 30 Debt service to exports (%) 6 6 7 14 11 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 3 4 3 5 4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 22 28 23 23 24 29 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 109 55 49 27 31 30 Gross national income (GNI) 25,997 34,653 30,479 32,063 34,261 37,807 45 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 998.7 661.8 682.4 688.2 729.5 778.9 Use of IMF Credit 77.4 177.3 174.9 184.6 235.4 279.1 Long-term external debt 832.1 395.8 417.2 414.8 399.7 409.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 832.1 395.8 417.2 414.8 399.7 409.5 Public Sector 832.1 395.8 417.2 414.8 399.7 409.5 of which: General Government 795.7 379.2 402.3 400.4 387.0 397.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 89.2 88.7 90.3 88.7 94.4 90.3 Disbursements (long-term) 1.9 94.0 39.1 11.0 14.6 38.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.9 94.0 39.1 11.0 14.6 38.0 Public Sector 1.9 94.0 39.1 11.0 14.6 38.0 of which: General Government 1.9 94.0 39.1 11.0 14.6 38.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 12.5 3.8 0.9 4.3 6.1 3.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 12.5 3.8 0.9 4.3 6.1 3.4 Public Sector 12.5 3.8 0.9 4.3 6.1 3.4 of which: General Government 11.1 3.8 0.8 4.3 2.7 3.1 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 6.1 2.6 2.6 1.5 1.3 1.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6.1 2.6 2.6 1.5 1.3 1.8 Public Sector 6.1 2.6 2.6 1.5 1.3 1.8 of which: General Government 6.0 2.6 2.6 1.5 1.3 1.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 832.1 395.8 417.2 414.8 399.7 409.5 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 832.1 395.8 417.2 414.8 399.7 409.5 Official creditors 797.6 369.8 371.4 369.1 353.7 371.6 Multilateral 571.3 69.3 85.5 88.4 105.8 138.3 of which: World Bank 389.9 53.1 58.6 59.9 64.2 98.5 Bilateral 226.3 300.5 285.9 280.7 247.9 233.2 Private creditors 34.5 26.0 45.8 45.7 46.0 37.9 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 34.5 26.0 45.8 45.7 46.0 37.9 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 77.4 177.3 174.9 184.6 235.4 279.1 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 15.3 7.3 5.4 15.5 38.8 50.1 Long-term -10.6 90.2 38.2 6.7 8.5 34.6 Official creditors -10.6 92.4 18.2 6.7 8.5 34.6 Multilateral -7.6 33.9 18.7 4.5 13.4 35.7 of which: World Bank -1.2 33.1 7.9 3.1 1.1 37.1 Bilateral -2.9 58.5 -0.5 2.2 -4.9 -1.2 Private creditors 0.0 -2.2 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 0.0 -2.2 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Short-term 0.0 -2.5 -0.8 -2.7 0.6 -0.2 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 117.1 3.5 3.0 7.3 6.9 18.0 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 50.9 34.6 39.8 37.3 33.6 32.7 Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8.9 13.4 13.2 12.9 12.9 11.6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 57.2 10.5 12.5 12.8 14.5 17.8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 12.2 39.2 31.3 34.8 49.7 46.4 Gross national income (GNI) 1,962.4 1,912.0 1,716.2 1,846.5 2,172.6 2,385.6 46 CHAD (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 1,802 3,752 2,973 3,018 3,145 3,242 Use of IMF Credit 55 98 137 193 254 395 Long-term external debt 1,743 3,647 2,828 2,811 2,876 2,834 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,743 3,647 2,828 2,811 2,876 2,834 Public Sector 1,743 3,647 2,828 2,811 2,876 2,834 of which: General Government 1,709 3,618 2,828 2,811 2,876 2,834 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 4 8 8 15 15 14 Disbursements (long-term) 97 1,472 43 38 49 26 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 97 1,472 43 38 49 26 Public Sector 97 1,472 43 38 49 26 of which: General Government 97 1,472 43 38 49 26 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 105 539 31 30 43 43 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 105 539 31 30 43 43 Public Sector 105 539 31 30 43 43 of which: General Government 105 538 30 30 43 43 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 18 49 56 110 115 131 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 18 49 56 110 115 131 Public Sector 18 49 56 110 115 131 of which: General Government 18 49 56 110 115 131 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,743 3,647 2,828 2,811 2,876 2,834 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,743 3,647 2,828 2,811 2,876 2,834 Official creditors 1,710 2,096 1,278 1,260 1,326 1,283 Multilateral 1,507 1,381 575 564 605 576 of which: World Bank 905 747 187 180 189 181 Bilateral 203 715 703 696 720 707 Private creditors 33 1,551 1,550 1,550 1,550 1,550 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 33 1,551 1,550 1,550 1,550 1,550 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 55 98 137 193 254 395 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -14 19 44 62 49 149 Long-term -7 933 13 8 6 -16 Official creditors -7 2 13 8 6 -16 Multilateral -62 -23 3 3 4 -14 of which: World Bank -83 -17 -10 -2 -1 -4 Bilateral 54 25 10 5 2 -2 Private creditors .. 931 .. .. 0 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. 931 .. .. 0 0 Short-term -20 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 466 -676 560 245 335 662 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 28 28 30 32 29 Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 84 37 19 19 19 18 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 75 29 12 0 0 5 Gross national income (GNI) 8,690 13,319 10,614 9,905 9,845 11,070 47 CHINA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 380,354 1,770,540 1,325,925 1,415,836 1,709,949 1,962,304 Use of IMF Credit 365 10,127 9,686 9,396 9,954 9,721 Long-term external debt 192,802 520,961 493,996 605,043 669,361 733,682 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 91,027 171,214 138,218 162,223 201,741 243,455 Public Sector 90,870 171,139 138,157 162,176 201,707 243,434 of which: General Government 48,782 81,563 91,220 96,446 99,155 97,639 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 158 75 61 48 34 20 Private sector not guaranteed 101,774 349,748 355,777 442,820 467,620 490,227 Short-term external debt 187,188 1,239,452 822,244 801,396 1,030,633 1,218,901 Disbursements (long-term) 38,188 136,839 108,563 170,041 228,212 224,034 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,449 41,161 26,473 28,666 52,239 58,739 Public Sector 5,449 41,161 26,473 28,666 52,239 58,739 of which: General Government 2,870 18,705 13,697 15,175 6,351 3,827 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 32,739 95,678 82,090 141,374 175,973 165,295 Principal repayments (long-term) 23,965 38,270 83,971 129,163 143,086 154,990 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,756 12,709 32,109 14,319 13,867 15,533 Public Sector 6,741 12,696 32,096 14,306 13,854 15,519 of which: General Government 3,244 4,469 3,547 9,808 4,120 5,110 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 15 14 14 14 14 14 Private sector not guaranteed 17,209 25,561 51,862 114,844 129,219 139,457 Interest payments (long-term) 4,813 9,433 9,314 11,102 16,615 27,299 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,593 1,730 2,270 1,926 3,435 6,296 Public Sector 2,592 1,730 2,270 1,926 3,435 6,296 of which: General Government 1,667 650 555 636 1,442 2,821 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 .. 1 1 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 2,220 7,703 7,044 9,175 13,180 21,002 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 192,802 520,961 493,996 605,043 669,361 733,682 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 91,027 171,214 138,218 162,223 201,741 243,455 Official creditors 63,538 57,262 45,808 54,738 54,379 52,686 Multilateral 30,845 33,713 33,151 33,100 33,924 34,183 of which: World Bank 22,440 17,884 17,048 16,215 16,356 16,095 Bilateral 32,693 23,548 12,657 21,638 20,455 18,503 Private creditors 27,489 113,952 92,410 107,486 147,362 190,769 Bondholders 15,728 55,403 66,945 69,469 101,454 138,289 Commercial banks and others 11,761 58,549 25,466 38,017 45,908 52,480 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 101,774 349,748 355,777 442,820 467,620 490,227 Bondholders 5,970 89,524 84,370 101,999 152,191 179,902 Commercial banks and others 95,804 260,223 271,408 340,821 315,429 310,325 Use of IMF Credit 365 10,127 9,686 9,396 9,954 9,721 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 14,223 98,569 24,592 40,878 85,126 69,044 Official creditors 1,078 -368 -3,957 -912 -786 -1,575 Multilateral 1,344 -100 -163 108 502 379 of which: World Bank 326 -741 -623 -727 -15 -205 Bilateral -266 -268 -3,793 -1,020 -1,288 -1,955 Private creditors 13,146 98,937 28,548 41,790 85,912 70,620 Bondholders -1,092 53,880 8,776 22,273 82,088 68,614 Banks and other private 14,238 45,057 19,773 19,517 3,824 2,006 Short-term -16,510 162,421 -417,208 -20,848 229,237 188,268 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 144,086 210,826 211,785 164,930 140,569 154,396 Portfolio equity 8,464 51,916 14,964 23,416 36,209 60,668 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 24 66 51 58 63 68 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 8 17 12 13 14 14 Debt service to exports (%) 2 3 5 7 8 8 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 49 70 62 57 60 62 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 8 2 3 2 2 2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 512 218 252 214 185 158 Gross national income (GNI) 4,622,872 10,451,828 10,973,754 11,092,994 12,109,561 13,556,844 48 COLOMBIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 46,761 105,351 114,623 121,951 127,202 134,940 Use of IMF Credit 176 1,070 1,023 993 1,051 1,027 Long-term external debt 40,952 92,060 101,665 109,678 113,122 118,808 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 28,928 62,364 70,359 74,473 75,624 76,044 Public Sector 28,451 62,099 70,103 74,227 75,387 75,820 of which: General Government 25,459 41,529 46,700 49,192 52,425 55,673 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 477 265 256 246 237 224 Private sector not guaranteed 12,024 29,696 31,306 35,205 37,498 42,764 Short-term external debt 5,633 12,221 11,935 11,280 13,029 15,105 Disbursements (long-term) 7,095 19,473 19,254 18,681 17,325 23,260 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,862 11,234 10,414 7,030 7,108 6,885 Public Sector 3,387 11,219 10,414 7,030 7,108 6,885 of which: General Government 2,857 5,091 6,854 4,783 5,454 5,711 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 476 15 0 .. 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 3,232 8,240 8,840 11,651 10,217 16,375 Principal repayments (long-term) 4,917 10,320 9,108 10,471 16,131 17,848 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,212 2,507 1,743 2,719 6,502 6,739 Public Sector 2,212 2,498 1,733 2,709 6,493 6,726 of which: General Government 1,746 2,305 1,374 2,035 2,752 2,128 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 10 10 10 10 13 Private sector not guaranteed 2,705 7,813 7,365 7,752 9,628 11,109 Interest payments (long-term) 2,787 4,102 4,555 4,820 5,480 5,906 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,099 2,709 3,103 3,117 3,528 3,596 Public Sector 2,077 2,706 3,100 3,111 3,522 3,588 of which: General Government 1,866 1,972 2,041 2,005 2,279 2,271 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 22 3 3 5 5 7 Private sector not guaranteed 688 1,393 1,452 1,703 1,952 2,310 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 40,952 92,060 101,665 109,678 113,122 118,808 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 28,928 62,364 70,359 74,473 75,624 76,044 Official creditors 13,889 22,058 23,120 25,157 25,564 27,738 Multilateral 13,240 17,201 18,090 19,759 20,320 21,803 of which: World Bank 5,439 8,348 8,610 9,516 9,520 10,233 Bilateral 649 4,857 5,029 5,398 5,244 5,935 Private creditors 15,039 40,306 47,240 49,316 50,060 48,306 Bondholders 12,280 34,704 39,730 40,822 43,932 42,208 Commercial banks and others 2,759 5,602 7,510 8,494 6,128 6,098 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 12,024 29,696 31,306 35,205 37,498 42,764 Bondholders 809 8,570 8,650 9,146 10,206 9,871 Commercial banks and others 11,215 21,126 22,656 26,058 27,292 32,892 Use of IMF Credit 176 1,070 1,023 993 1,051 1,027 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 2,178 9,154 10,146 8,210 1,194 5,412 Official creditors 1,675 757 1,286 2,235 152 2,515 Multilateral 1,784 493 1,003 1,856 344 1,697 of which: World Bank 688 542 357 945 -279 908 Bilateral -109 264 283 379 -192 818 Private creditors 503 8,396 8,860 5,975 1,042 2,897 Bondholders 14 6,807 5,409 1,606 3,955 -1,934 Banks and other private 489 1,590 3,451 4,369 -2,913 4,831 Short-term 472 1,331 -286 -655 1,749 2,077 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 10,518 13,674 9,717 9,175 12,043 9,749 Portfolio equity -86 1,823 640 -363 472 -823 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 104 155 227 260 237 225 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 20 28 40 44 42 42 Debt service to exports (%) 18 22 28 34 41 41 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 12 10 9 10 11 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 28 16 16 16 16 16 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 50 44 40 38 37 35 Gross national income (GNI) 233,342 369,788 289,331 279,763 306,040 319,087 49 COMOROS (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 276.2 141.8 130.6 160.6 167.0 191.1 Use of IMF Credit 6.2 30.9 29.2 26.6 26.1 22.3 Long-term external debt 264.4 109.2 99.9 132.5 139.8 167.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 264.4 109.2 99.9 132.5 139.8 167.6 Public Sector 264.4 109.2 99.9 132.5 139.8 167.6 of which: General Government 264.4 109.2 99.9 129.7 136.8 140.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 5.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.2 Disbursements (long-term) 1.4 0.0 0.0 35.6 5.5 31.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.4 0.0 0.0 35.6 5.5 31.7 Public Sector 1.4 0.0 0.0 35.6 5.5 31.7 of which: General Government 1.4 0.0 0.0 32.7 5.5 5.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 8.1 0.6 6.9 1.9 0.4 2.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8.1 0.6 6.9 1.9 0.4 2.0 Public Sector 8.1 0.6 6.9 1.9 0.4 2.0 of which: General Government 8.1 0.6 6.9 1.9 0.4 0.4 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 4.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.0 Public Sector 4.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.0 of which: General Government 4.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 264.4 109.2 99.9 132.5 139.8 167.6 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 264.4 109.2 99.9 132.5 139.8 167.6 Official creditors 264.4 109.2 99.9 132.5 139.8 167.6 Multilateral 217.8 60.1 56.9 54.3 55.3 55.1 of which: World Bank 122.3 14.4 13.5 12.9 13.3 12.7 Bilateral 46.5 49.1 43.0 78.2 84.5 112.6 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 6.2 30.9 29.2 26.6 26.1 22.3 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 5.3 0.0 -0.4 -1.8 -2.0 -3.2 Long-term -6.8 -0.6 -6.9 33.8 5.1 29.7 Official creditors -6.8 -0.6 -6.9 33.8 5.1 29.7 Multilateral -6.8 -0.6 -2.0 -1.9 -0.4 0.3 of which: World Bank -1.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 Bilateral .. .. -4.9 35.6 5.4 29.4 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term -4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 4.6 4.7 4.9 3.6 3.9 7.9 Portfolio equity 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 346.7 117.3 129.0 145.6 125.4 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 30.3 12.3 13.2 15.6 15.5 16.5 Debt service to exports (%) 15.5 0.6 7.4 3.5 1.9 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 2.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 78.9 42.4 43.6 33.8 33.1 28.8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 40.6 120.3 153.1 98.9 124.0 103.8 Gross national income (GNI) 910.2 1,149.6 992.0 1,029.6 1,074.1 1,161.0 50 CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 12,306 5,523 5,374 5,064 5,126 4,974 Use of IMF Credit 787 1,188 1,098 989 954 839 Long-term external debt 10,862 4,149 4,108 3,856 4,043 4,038 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10,862 4,149 4,108 3,856 4,043 4,038 Public Sector 10,862 4,149 4,108 3,856 4,043 4,038 of which: General Government 10,338 4,144 4,102 3,851 4,038 4,033 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 657 186 168 218 129 97 Disbursements (long-term) 110 115 282 65 347 239 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 110 115 282 65 347 239 Public Sector 110 115 282 65 347 239 of which: General Government 110 115 282 65 347 239 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 170 263 215 274 185 185 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 170 263 215 274 185 185 Public Sector 170 263 215 274 185 185 of which: General Government 145 263 215 274 185 185 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 275 146 134 132 119 98 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 275 146 134 132 119 98 Public Sector 275 146 134 132 119 98 of which: General Government 267 146 134 132 119 98 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 10,862 4,149 4,108 3,856 4,043 4,038 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 10,862 4,149 4,108 3,856 4,043 4,038 Official creditors 10,511 4,140 4,097 3,855 4,042 4,019 Multilateral 4,138 1,977 1,877 1,730 1,778 1,817 of which: World Bank 2,437 888 841 827 942 1,098 Bilateral 6,373 2,163 2,220 2,125 2,263 2,202 Private creditors 351 9 11 2 1 18 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 351 9 11 2 1 18 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 787 1,188 1,098 989 954 839 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -137 0 -38 -78 -92 -94 Long-term -60 -148 67 -208 162 54 Official creditors -54 -140 65 -199 163 37 Multilateral 41 -156 -31 -126 -40 69 of which: World Bank 89 -19 -8 11 65 180 Bilateral -95 16 97 -74 202 -32 Private creditors -7 -8 2 -9 -1 17 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -7 -8 2 -9 -1 17 Short-term 12 -259 -17 15 9 -33 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,727 1,843 1,674 1,205 1,340 1,494 Portfolio equity .. -14 -94 0 -10 -7 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 159 43 51 42 44 31 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 67 17 15 14 14 11 Debt service to exports (%) 8 3 4 4 3 2 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 5 3 3 4 3 2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 34 36 35 34 35 37 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 1 28 23 14 14 13 Gross national income (GNI) 18,459 32,869 35,127 36,345 36,946 45,550 51 CONGO, REPUBLIC OF (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 5,391 3,903 4,022 3,758 4,926 5,147 Use of IMF Credit 53 134 123 116 120 115 Long-term external debt 5,071 3,559 3,451 3,457 4,482 4,728 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,071 3,559 3,451 3,457 4,482 4,728 Public Sector 5,071 3,559 3,451 3,457 4,482 4,728 of which: General Government 5,056 3,559 3,451 3,457 4,482 4,728 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 267 210 448 186 325 305 Disbursements (long-term) 19 845 122 150 1,153 505 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19 845 122 150 1,153 505 Public Sector 19 845 122 150 1,153 505 of which: General Government 19 845 122 150 1,153 505 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 107 263 185 114 191 210 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 107 263 185 114 191 210 Public Sector 107 263 185 114 191 210 of which: General Government 107 263 185 114 191 210 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 57 34 30 29 28 75 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 57 34 30 29 28 75 Public Sector 57 34 30 29 28 75 of which: General Government 57 34 30 29 28 75 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 5,071 3,559 3,451 3,457 4,482 4,728 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,071 3,559 3,451 3,457 4,482 4,728 Official creditors 3,964 2,435 2,364 2,395 3,438 3,715 Multilateral 443 179 189 234 665 662 of which: World Bank 299 104 110 122 153 192 Bilateral 3,521 2,256 2,175 2,160 2,773 3,053 Private creditors 1,107 1,124 1,087 1,062 1,044 1,013 Bondholders 454 418 399 377 350 322 Commercial banks and others 653 707 688 685 694 690 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 53 134 123 116 120 115 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 2 -5 -5 -4 -2 -2 Long-term -88 583 -63 36 962 294 Official creditors -66 489 -34 60 989 322 Multilateral -7 4 18 61 412 7 of which: World Bank 1 10 10 16 23 43 Bilateral -59 485 -52 -1 577 315 Private creditors -22 94 -29 -23 -28 -28 Bondholders -24 -18 -18 -23 -27 -27 Banks and other private 2 112 -11 -1 0 0 Short-term -61 -18 240 -266 135 -63 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 992 -732 -261 -232 4,406 4,313 Portfolio equity 0 1 .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 65 41 78 82 .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 61 33 48 45 63 51 Debt service to exports (%) 2 3 4 3 .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 5 5 11 5 7 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 8 5 5 6 13 13 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 72 126 55 19 8 8 Gross national income (GNI) 8,768 11,739 8,466 8,378 7,859 10,068 52 COSTA RICA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 8,839 19,722 23,589 25,563 25,616 27,819 Use of IMF Credit 37 227 217 210 223 218 Long-term external debt 4,814 17,149 20,768 22,797 22,855 24,232 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,224 8,819 10,147 11,054 11,037 11,340 Public Sector 3,224 8,819 10,147 11,054 11,037 11,340 of which: General Government 2,479 4,752 5,845 6,142 6,264 6,581 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,590 8,329 10,621 11,744 11,817 12,891 Short-term external debt 3,989 2,347 2,604 2,555 2,538 3,370 Disbursements (long-term) 795 4,988 4,810 3,991 1,985 4,480 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 394 2,022 1,649 1,351 599 1,763 Public Sector 394 2,022 1,649 1,351 599 1,763 of which: General Government 110 1,206 1,229 434 248 449 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 402 2,966 3,161 2,640 1,386 2,716 Principal repayments (long-term) 1,116 2,409 1,687 1,721 1,797 2,484 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 847 756 318 444 485 1,407 Public Sector 847 756 318 444 485 1,407 of which: General Government 564 361 135 134 135 127 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 270 1,653 1,369 1,277 1,312 1,077 Interest payments (long-term) 345 997 1,028 1,055 1,109 1,265 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 248 387 823 601 638 691 Public Sector 248 387 823 601 638 691 of which: General Government 202 209 470 356 364 368 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 97 610 205 454 471 574 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 4,814 17,149 20,768 22,797 22,855 24,232 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,224 8,819 10,147 11,054 11,037 11,340 Official creditors 1,412 2,339 2,738 3,226 3,288 4,591 Multilateral 1,089 2,060 2,417 2,801 2,835 4,128 of which: World Bank 41 600 602 736 788 903 Bilateral 323 280 321 426 453 464 Private creditors 1,812 6,480 7,409 7,827 7,749 6,749 Bondholders 1,610 4,750 5,750 6,251 6,250 5,750 Commercial banks and others 202 1,730 1,659 1,576 1,499 999 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,590 8,329 10,621 11,744 11,817 12,891 Bondholders .. 1,350 1,350 1,850 2,150 2,150 Commercial banks and others 1,590 6,979 9,271 9,894 9,667 10,741 Use of IMF Credit 37 227 217 210 223 218 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term -321 2,579 3,123 2,270 188 1,996 Official creditors -91 362 402 489 192 1,356 Multilateral -111 378 358 384 179 1,344 of which: World Bank -4 2 2 135 52 115 Bilateral 20 -16 45 105 13 12 Private creditors -230 2,217 2,720 1,781 -5 639 Bondholders -240 1,040 1,000 1,001 299 -500 Banks and other private 11 1,177 1,720 780 -304 1,139 Short-term 755 -64 257 -49 -16 831 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,243 2,330 2,291 1,468 2,410 1,970 Portfolio equity 8 8 1 42 43 44 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 70 117 135 134 129 132 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 29 41 45 47 46 49 Debt service to exports (%) 13 20 16 15 15 18 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 45 12 11 10 10 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 12 10 10 11 11 15 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 43 37 33 30 28 27 Gross national income (GNI) 30,019 48,431 52,361 54,676 55,212 56,794 53 CÔTE D'IVOIRE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 12,968 9,805 11,386 11,448 13,444 15,660 Use of IMF Credit 247 1,492 1,508 1,495 1,738 1,814 Long-term external debt 11,377 8,313 9,878 9,684 11,678 13,708 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10,640 6,620 8,508 8,360 10,440 12,696 Public Sector 10,640 6,620 8,508 8,360 10,440 12,696 of which: General Government 10,638 6,620 8,508 8,360 10,440 12,679 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 738 1,693 1,370 1,324 1,238 1,011 Short-term external debt 1,344 0 0 269 28 138 Disbursements (long-term) 310 1,293 2,659 1,236 3,229 3,328 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 35 1,271 2,659 896 3,089 3,208 Public Sector 35 1,271 2,659 896 3,089 3,208 of which: General Government 35 1,271 2,659 896 3,089 3,191 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 275 23 1 341 141 120 Principal repayments (long-term) 782 645 460 1,097 1,725 1,040 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 586 272 136 727 1,413 706 Public Sector 586 272 136 727 1,413 706 of which: General Government 586 272 136 727 1,413 706 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 196 374 324 370 312 334 Interest payments (long-term) 216 352 289 402 398 452 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 183 323 264 315 329 405 Public Sector 183 323 264 315 329 405 of which: General Government 183 323 264 315 329 404 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 33 29 26 87 70 47 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 11,377 8,313 9,878 9,684 11,678 13,708 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 10,640 6,620 8,508 8,360 10,440 12,696 Official creditors 8,141 3,475 4,372 4,096 5,008 5,224 Multilateral 2,897 750 891 1,019 1,588 1,950 of which: World Bank 1,914 240 394 522 781 982 Bilateral 5,244 2,726 3,481 3,077 3,420 3,274 Private creditors 2,499 3,144 4,136 4,263 5,432 7,472 Bondholders 2,346 3,085 4,085 4,221 5,398 7,230 Commercial banks and others 152 60 51 43 34 242 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 738 1,693 1,370 1,324 1,238 1,011 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 738 1,693 1,370 1,324 1,238 1,011 Use of IMF Credit 247 1,492 1,508 1,495 1,738 1,814 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 20 166 82 33 150 119 Long-term -472 648 2,200 139 1,505 2,288 Official creditors -551 296 1,531 40 551 359 Multilateral -561 139 189 156 455 425 of which: World Bank -481 82 165 140 205 231 Bilateral 10 157 1,342 -115 96 -66 Private creditors 79 352 668 99 954 1,929 Bondholders .. 753 1,000 136 1,133 1,928 Banks and other private 79 -401 -332 -38 -179 1 Short-term -381 0 0 269 -241 110 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 431 271 378 531 643 913 Portfolio equity 2 33 0 8 24 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 111 70 89 95 102 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 56 28 35 33 37 38 Debt service to exports (%) 9 7 6 13 17 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 10 0 0 2 0 1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 22 8 8 9 12 12 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 17 46 41 .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 23,327 34,408 32,124 35,189 36,521 41,298 54 DJIBOUTI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 846.5 2,171.0 2,603.6 2,991.4 3,355.8 3,264.1 Use of IMF Credit 19.2 52.9 49.1 45.8 44.0 36.7 Long-term external debt 680.5 2,041.1 2,550.6 2,892.0 2,978.9 2,983.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 680.5 810.0 1,171.2 1,599.6 1,942.1 2,040.9 Public Sector 680.5 810.0 1,171.2 1,599.6 1,942.1 2,040.9 of which: General Government 556.9 523.3 520.9 733.3 934.5 982.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 1,231.1 1,379.3 1,292.4 1,036.8 942.8 Short-term external debt 146.7 77.0 4.0 53.7 333.0 243.7 Disbursements (long-term) 45.9 436.9 701.2 515.0 359.4 261.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 45.9 211.4 415.0 472.7 337.4 139.9 Public Sector 45.9 211.4 415.0 472.7 337.4 139.9 of which: General Government 45.0 31.9 28.5 244.3 196.0 74.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 225.5 286.2 42.3 22.0 122.0 Principal repayments (long-term) 17.6 149.9 165.5 160.2 303.0 244.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 17.6 26.8 27.5 31.0 25.4 28.0 Public Sector 17.6 26.8 27.5 31.0 25.4 28.0 of which: General Government 7.3 20.0 19.2 23.4 18.9 18.4 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 123.1 137.9 129.2 277.6 216.0 Interest payments (long-term) 7.8 9.1 15.1 25.2 35.7 407.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7.8 9.1 15.1 25.2 35.7 407.3 Public Sector 7.8 9.1 15.1 25.2 35.7 407.3 of which: General Government 4.8 7.2 7.3 6.6 12.5 14.3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 680.5 2,041.1 2,550.6 2,892.0 2,978.9 2,983.6 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 680.5 810.0 1,171.2 1,599.6 1,942.1 2,040.9 Official creditors 653.2 802.1 1,166.3 1,595.4 1,938.1 2,037.0 Multilateral 363.0 429.4 454.3 490.3 532.8 568.6 of which: World Bank 151.6 136.6 129.9 127.9 143.6 152.2 Bilateral 290.2 372.7 712.0 1,105.1 1,405.3 1,468.4 Private creditors 27.4 7.9 4.9 4.2 4.0 3.9 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 27.4 7.9 4.9 4.2 4.0 3.9 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 1,231.1 1,379.3 1,292.4 1,036.8 942.8 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 1,231.1 1,379.3 1,292.4 1,036.8 942.8 Use of IMF Credit 19.2 52.9 49.1 45.8 44.0 36.7 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 1.8 -1.4 -1.5 -1.9 -4.4 -6.3 Long-term 28.3 287.0 535.7 354.8 56.4 17.8 Official creditors 32.2 186.5 390.1 442.4 312.2 112.0 Multilateral 15.2 17.9 40.9 42.9 24.7 42.2 of which: World Bank 5.6 -2.4 -0.7 2.0 7.8 12.1 Bilateral 16.9 168.7 349.2 399.5 287.5 69.8 Private creditors -3.9 100.4 145.6 -87.6 -255.8 -94.1 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -3.9 100.4 145.6 -87.6 -255.8 -94.1 Short-term 11.0 -22.6 -74.0 49.1 275.3 -105.9 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 227.7 153.0 124.0 160.0 165.0 265.0 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 205.8 393.0 412.0 502.9 552.3 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) .. 137.7 147.4 157.9 171.7 157.6 Debt service to exports (%) 8.2 29.2 28.8 31.6 57.8 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 17.3 3.5 0.2 1.8 9.9 7.5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 42.9 19.8 17.5 16.4 15.9 17.4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 20.7 18.1 14.0 13.6 16.6 13.9 Gross national income (GNI) .. 1,577.0 1,766.7 1,894.3 1,954.7 2,071.0 55 DOMINICA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 260.5 308.2 314.2 297.1 295.6 279.2 Use of IMF Credit 15.9 20.9 26.5 24.2 24.4 22.4 Long-term external debt 221.9 281.8 282.1 264.1 260.3 243.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 221.9 281.8 282.1 264.1 260.3 243.7 Public Sector 221.9 281.8 282.1 264.1 260.3 243.7 of which: General Government 194.4 262.8 256.7 239.6 238.8 224.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 22.6 5.5 5.5 8.8 10.8 13.1 Disbursements (long-term) 8.0 20.4 20.9 4.0 9.7 5.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8.0 20.4 20.9 4.0 9.7 5.0 Public Sector 8.0 20.4 20.9 4.0 9.7 5.0 of which: General Government 6.8 19.1 12.2 1.7 8.6 4.3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 12.9 11.5 14.3 18.1 19.5 18.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 12.9 11.5 14.3 18.1 19.5 18.5 Public Sector 12.9 11.5 14.3 18.1 19.5 18.5 of which: General Government 9.6 9.6 12.0 14.8 15.4 15.3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 5.4 7.2 6.8 7.1 7.8 8.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5.4 7.2 6.8 7.1 7.8 8.3 Public Sector 5.4 7.2 6.8 7.1 7.8 8.3 of which: General Government 4.6 6.6 6.1 6.3 7.1 7.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 221.9 281.8 282.1 264.1 260.3 243.7 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 221.9 281.8 282.1 264.1 260.3 243.7 Official creditors 156.4 232.5 234.8 218.7 216.9 201.7 Multilateral 117.1 128.6 132.6 127.1 128.7 123.9 of which: World Bank 28.3 26.4 25.5 24.0 32.8 34.0 Bilateral 39.3 103.9 102.2 91.6 88.2 77.8 Private creditors 65.5 49.3 47.3 45.4 43.4 42.0 Bondholders 60.9 25.7 25.7 25.6 25.5 25.5 Commercial banks and others 4.6 23.6 21.7 19.8 17.9 16.5 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 15.9 20.9 26.5 24.2 24.4 22.4 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 3.2 -1.6 6.5 -1.6 -1.2 -1.5 Long-term -4.9 8.9 6.6 -14.0 -9.8 -13.5 Official creditors -6.8 11.2 8.6 -12.1 -7.8 -12.0 Multilateral -3.2 -0.8 5.2 -4.6 0.0 -4.0 of which: World Bank 0.5 0.0 0.3 -0.8 7.3 2.1 Bilateral -3.6 11.9 3.4 -7.5 -7.8 -8.0 Private creditors 1.9 -2.3 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -1.4 Bondholders 0.1 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 .. Banks and other private 1.7 -1.9 -1.9 -1.9 -1.9 -1.4 Short-term 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0 2.0 2.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 45.1 12.8 18.0 41.5 -1.8 13.7 Portfolio equity .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 157.7 111.0 117.0 110.5 121.2 161.8 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 59.3 60.8 60.5 53.0 60.9 55.3 Debt service to exports (%) 12.3 7.3 8.7 10.0 11.7 16.5 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8.7 1.8 1.8 3.0 3.7 4.7 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 45.0 41.7 42.2 42.8 43.6 44.4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 21.2 32.9 40.2 74.7 71.8 68.5 Gross national income (GNI) 439.5 506.9 519.1 560.3 485.1 505.0 56 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 10,609 26,269 26,727 28,291 31,168 33,905 Use of IMF Credit 541 803 403 281 297 290 Long-term external debt 8,129 22,980 23,145 24,958 28,869 31,496 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7,285 15,701 15,815 17,186 20,226 23,485 Public Sector 7,281 15,699 15,813 17,185 20,225 23,484 of which: General Government 6,285 15,381 15,579 17,044 20,136 23,436 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 5 2 1 1 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 843 7,280 7,330 7,772 8,643 8,011 Short-term external debt 1,940 2,486 3,179 3,053 2,001 2,118 Disbursements (long-term) 1,310 3,831 6,096 3,724 5,055 5,073 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,310 2,829 5,020 2,259 3,780 4,104 Public Sector 1,310 2,829 5,020 2,259 3,780 4,104 of which: General Government 1,004 2,828 5,020 2,259 3,780 4,104 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 .. 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed .. 1,003 1,076 1,465 1,275 969 Principal repayments (long-term) 823 1,907 3,782 2,075 1,961 1,478 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 823 1,226 2,757 861 808 808 Public Sector 822 1,226 2,756 861 807 808 of which: General Government 692 1,134 2,688 770 748 769 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 1 681 1,026 1,214 1,154 670 Interest payments (long-term) 448 821 1,022 1,205 1,012 1,559 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 339 573 775 922 716 1,087 Public Sector 339 573 775 922 716 1,087 of which: General Government 289 561 767 917 713 1,085 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 108 248 247 282 296 472 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 8,129 22,980 23,145 24,958 28,869 31,496 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 7,285 15,701 15,815 17,186 20,226 23,485 Official creditors 4,458 9,032 5,675 5,813 5,705 5,982 Multilateral 1,890 3,596 4,150 4,439 4,454 4,704 of which: World Bank 458 888 932 933 923 923 Bilateral 2,568 5,436 1,525 1,375 1,251 1,278 Private creditors 2,828 6,669 10,140 11,372 14,521 17,503 Bondholders 615 4,812 8,312 9,812 13,212 16,308 Commercial banks and others 2,213 1,857 1,828 1,560 1,309 1,196 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 843 7,280 7,330 7,772 8,643 8,011 Bondholders 843 1,375 1,575 1,945 1,945 1,945 Commercial banks and others 1 5,904 5,755 5,827 6,698 6,066 Use of IMF Credit 541 803 403 281 297 290 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -43 -457 -368 -114 .. .. Long-term 487 1,924 2,313 1,650 3,094 3,595 Official creditors 712 -48 -1,256 155 -124 283 Multilateral -3 -297 561 291 10 253 of which: World Bank -24 -13 44 1 -10 0 Bilateral 715 249 -1,817 -136 -134 30 Private creditors -225 1,972 3,569 1,495 3,218 3,313 Bondholders -125 1,988 3,700 1,870 3,400 3,108 Banks and other private -100 -17 -131 -375 -182 205 Short-term -534 733 693 -127 -1,051 117 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,593 2,375 2,187 2,340 3,733 2,677 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 106 150 152 152 160 164 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 42 41 41 43 44 Debt service to exports (%) 15 18 30 19 16 15 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 18 9 12 11 6 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 18 14 16 16 14 14 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 25 18 20 22 22 23 Gross national income (GNI) 46,506 62,818 65,866 69,090 72,138 77,454 57 ECUADOR (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 19,024 24,994 28,389 35,374 41,106 45,019 Use of IMF Credit 51 418 400 739 783 765 Long-term external debt 17,319 23,731 27,095 33,966 39,450 43,502 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13,330 17,587 20,155 25,572 31,617 35,567 Public Sector 13,313 17,557 20,128 25,547 31,595 35,547 of which: General Government 12,782 15,982 18,808 23,770 29,196 33,706 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 17 30 27 25 23 20 Private sector not guaranteed 3,990 6,144 6,940 8,394 7,833 7,935 Short-term external debt 1,654 845 895 668 873 751 Disbursements (long-term) 1,369 8,928 7,370 9,990 10,203 10,800 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 353 6,456 4,762 7,325 8,870 7,217 Public Sector 340 6,455 4,762 7,325 8,870 7,217 of which: General Government 332 5,433 4,742 6,480 7,824 7,005 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 13 1 0 .. 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 1,016 2,472 2,609 2,666 1,334 3,584 Principal repayments (long-term) 1,485 3,054 3,807 3,861 4,547 6,437 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 963 1,282 2,116 1,859 2,894 3,196 Public Sector 963 1,279 2,114 1,857 2,891 3,194 of which: General Government 907 1,229 1,841 1,469 2,463 2,425 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 2 2 2 2 2 Private sector not guaranteed 521 1,772 1,691 2,002 1,653 3,241 Interest payments (long-term) 972 956 1,278 1,507 2,032 2,663 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 781 750 1,057 1,200 1,753 2,237 Public Sector 781 749 1,056 1,199 1,752 2,236 of which: General Government 764 716 984 1,094 1,633 2,099 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 1 1 1 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 191 206 221 306 279 425 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 17,319 23,731 27,095 33,966 39,450 43,502 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 13,330 17,587 20,155 25,572 31,617 35,567 Official creditors 5,913 12,212 14,137 17,155 16,901 16,951 Multilateral 4,335 5,952 7,542 8,168 8,663 9,437 of which: World Bank 624 183 257 246 399 617 Bilateral 1,578 6,260 6,596 8,987 8,238 7,514 Private creditors 7,417 5,375 6,018 8,417 14,717 18,616 Bondholders 7,189 3,021 2,352 5,068 12,020 14,705 Commercial banks and others 228 2,354 3,666 3,349 2,697 3,912 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3,990 6,144 6,940 8,394 7,833 7,935 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 3,990 6,144 6,940 8,394 7,833 7,935 Use of IMF Credit 51 418 400 739 783 765 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. 364 0 0 Long-term -115 5,874 3,563 6,129 5,657 4,363 Official creditors -560 937 1,991 3,062 -308 115 Multilateral -396 396 1,603 628 509 799 of which: World Bank -72 -53 73 -11 153 218 Bilateral -164 541 388 2,434 -818 -684 Private creditors 445 4,937 1,572 3,067 5,965 4,248 Bondholders -11 1,982 -670 2,717 6,951 2,685 Banks and other private 456 2,955 2,242 350 -986 1,563 Short-term -271 -20 34 -241 188 -137 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 527 1,162 1,272 879 682 702 Portfolio equity 1 1 2 6 4 6 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 90 86 132 179 187 181 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 32 25 29 36 40 43 Debt service to exports (%) 12 14 24 27 30 37 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9 3 3 2 2 2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 23 24 27 23 21 21 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 20 14 7 11 4 4 Gross national income (GNI) 60,334 100,175 97,560 98,095 101,942 105,604 58 EGYPT, ARAB REPUBLIC OF (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 33,912 41,743 49,847 69,173 84,429 98,705 Use of IMF Credit 209 1,302 1,245 3,856 7,401 9,220 Long-term external debt 30,860 37,120 44,178 53,372 65,899 79,144 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 30,780 37,099 44,156 53,215 65,493 78,698 Public Sector 30,214 36,966 44,046 53,138 65,435 78,671 of which: General Government 26,702 25,329 30,073 32,200 42,248 51,164 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 566 133 110 77 58 26 Private sector not guaranteed 80 21 23 157 406 446 Short-term external debt 2,842 3,321 4,424 11,945 11,128 10,341 Disbursements (long-term) 1,133 1,684 10,962 14,683 15,534 19,089 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,063 1,659 10,933 14,523 15,236 18,963 Public Sector 1,046 1,659 10,933 14,523 15,236 18,963 of which: General Government 893 1,461 7,849 6,280 11,891 11,261 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 17 .. 0 .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 70 25 29 160 298 126 Principal repayments (long-term) 2,346 5,134 2,887 5,105 4,612 5,108 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,335 5,118 2,859 5,102 4,564 5,021 Public Sector 2,259 5,086 2,849 5,071 4,537 4,991 of which: General Government 1,459 4,683 2,286 3,987 2,704 1,994 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 76 32 10 31 27 30 Private sector not guaranteed 11 16 28 3 48 87 Interest payments (long-term) 832 732 715 1,027 1,579 2,205 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 829 731 714 1,026 1,565 2,188 Public Sector 796 730 713 1,024 1,563 2,187 of which: General Government 670 644 604 785 1,104 1,614 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 33 1 1 1 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 3 0 0 2 14 16 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 30,860 37,120 44,178 53,372 65,899 79,144 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 30,780 37,099 44,156 53,215 65,493 78,698 Official creditors 28,136 33,470 38,132 47,757 52,659 55,357 Multilateral 7,732 10,884 11,716 15,854 18,809 19,843 of which: World Bank 2,700 4,909 5,597 7,114 8,435 9,930 Bilateral 20,404 22,585 26,416 31,902 33,849 35,514 Private creditors 2,643 3,629 6,023 5,458 12,834 23,341 Bondholders 2,184 3,350 4,850 3,600 10,000 15,800 Commercial banks and others 459 279 1,173 1,858 2,834 7,540 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 80 21 23 157 406 446 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 80 21 23 157 406 446 Use of IMF Credit 209 1,302 1,245 3,856 7,401 9,220 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. 2,738 3,229 2,029 Long-term -1,212 -3,450 8,075 9,578 10,922 13,981 Official creditors -896 -905 5,651 9,962 3,418 3,296 Multilateral 89 441 1,185 4,312 2,486 1,217 of which: World Bank 26 347 723 1,545 1,289 1,507 Bilateral -985 -1,345 4,466 5,650 932 2,079 Private creditors -317 -2,545 2,424 -384 7,504 10,685 Bondholders .. -2,500 1,500 -1,250 6,400 5,868 Banks and other private -317 -45 924 866 1,104 4,817 Short-term 607 505 1,103 7,521 -817 -787 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 9,495 4,612 6,925 8,107 7,409 6,798 Portfolio equity -674 485 14 610 224 220 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 59 88 132 203 194 188 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 14 15 21 37 40 Debt service to exports (%) 6 13 10 20 15 15 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8 8 9 17 13 10 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 23 26 24 23 22 20 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 95 29 27 30 39 39 Gross national income (GNI) 164,178 298,267 326,997 328,456 230,801 244,616 59 EL SALVADOR (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 10,688 15,170 15,571 16,566 17,180 17,486 Use of IMF Credit 38 237 227 220 233 228 Long-term external debt 9,108 12,915 13,327 13,813 14,903 15,188 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,791 8,692 8,605 8,710 9,489 9,605 Public Sector 5,788 8,691 8,604 8,710 9,489 9,605 of which: General Government 5,203 8,064 7,969 7,965 8,655 8,851 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 3 1 1 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 3,316 4,223 4,722 5,103 5,414 5,583 Short-term external debt 1,542 2,018 2,018 2,533 2,043 2,070 Disbursements (long-term) 1,070 1,777 1,259 1,028 3,513 2,913 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 694 1,144 394 409 978 556 Public Sector 694 1,144 394 409 978 556 of which: General Government 360 935 220 130 748 496 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 376 633 865 619 2,535 2,357 Principal repayments (long-term) 490 689 635 693 2,994 2,623 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 351 419 406 455 433 435 Public Sector 351 419 405 455 433 434 of which: General Government 255 248 241 284 292 294 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 139 269 229 238 2,561 2,188 Interest payments (long-term) 485 584 643 660 768 859 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 369 456 494 514 547 559 Public Sector 369 456 494 514 547 559 of which: General Government 351 432 469 483 511 515 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 116 129 149 145 221 300 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 9,108 12,915 13,327 13,813 14,903 15,188 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,791 8,692 8,605 8,710 9,489 9,605 Official creditors 3,524 4,314 4,277 4,215 4,185 4,251 Multilateral 2,796 3,861 3,839 3,783 3,757 3,860 of which: World Bank 409 949 921 912 906 876 Bilateral 728 452 437 433 428 391 Private creditors 2,267 4,379 4,328 4,495 5,304 5,354 Bondholders 2,174 4,334 4,283 4,438 5,238 5,238 Commercial banks and others 93 44 45 57 66 116 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3,316 4,223 4,722 5,103 5,414 5,583 Bondholders .. 38 38 38 38 38 Commercial banks and others 3,316 4,185 4,684 5,065 5,376 5,545 Use of IMF Credit 38 237 227 220 233 228 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 580 1,089 624 335 519 291 Official creditors 282 -82 -15 -58 -52 71 Multilateral 272 -57 -14 -51 -27 104 of which: World Bank -2 -20 -27 -9 0 -31 Bilateral 10 -25 -1 -7 -25 -33 Private creditors 298 1,171 639 393 571 220 Bondholders 0 780 0 0 589 0 Banks and other private 298 391 639 393 -18 220 Short-term 250 165 0 515 -490 27 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 538 371 320 415 844 141 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 214 225 221 237 233 225 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 61 70 70 72 73 71 Debt service to exports (%) 20 19 19 20 52 46 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 14 13 13 15 12 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 26 25 25 23 22 22 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 23 16 18 19 20 20 Gross national income (GNI) 17,598 21,558 22,346 22,925 23,540 24,585 60 ERITREA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 997.8 907.7 873.0 796.0 818.5 791.2 Use of IMF Credit 23.3 22.0 21.0 20.4 21.6 21.1 Long-term external debt 957.0 829.1 781.5 748.4 769.2 735.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 957.0 829.1 781.5 748.4 769.2 735.3 Public Sector 957.0 829.1 781.5 748.4 769.2 735.3 of which: General Government 957.0 829.1 781.5 748.4 769.2 735.3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 17.5 56.6 70.5 27.2 27.7 34.8 Disbursements (long-term) 104.9 20.2 14.7 9.5 6.9 4.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 104.9 20.2 14.7 9.5 6.9 4.2 Public Sector 104.9 20.2 14.7 9.5 6.9 4.2 of which: General Government 104.9 20.2 14.7 9.5 6.9 4.2 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 6.5 41.2 29.9 24.3 24.7 22.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6.5 41.2 29.9 24.3 24.7 22.8 Public Sector 6.5 41.2 29.9 24.3 24.7 22.8 of which: General Government 6.5 41.2 29.9 24.3 24.7 22.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 9.1 4.9 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9.1 4.9 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.2 Public Sector 9.1 4.9 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.2 of which: General Government 9.1 4.9 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.2 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 957.0 829.1 781.5 748.4 769.2 735.3 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 957.0 829.1 781.5 748.4 769.2 735.3 Official creditors 917.4 794.6 750.6 718.5 735.1 702.8 Multilateral 643.6 597.1 572.5 557.5 587.3 571.6 of which: World Bank 472.6 452.6 432.9 420.0 444.9 434.5 Bilateral 273.8 197.5 178.1 160.9 147.8 131.2 Private creditors 39.5 34.5 30.9 29.9 34.1 32.5 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 39.5 34.5 30.9 29.9 34.1 32.5 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 23.3 22.0 21.0 20.4 21.6 21.1 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 98.3 -21.0 -15.3 -14.8 -17.8 -18.5 Official creditors 97.5 -21.0 -15.3 -14.8 -17.8 -18.5 Multilateral 26.5 -5.5 -0.4 -1.0 -1.6 -3.8 of which: World Bank 19.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bilateral 71.0 -15.4 -14.8 -13.8 -16.2 -14.7 Private creditors 0.8 0.0 .. 0.0 .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 0.8 0.0 .. 0.0 .. .. Short-term 0.0 28.0 11.7 -45.7 -4.0 4.4 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 39.0 46.5 49.3 52.3 55.5 61.0 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 72.9 .. .. .. .. .. Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1.8 6.2 8.1 3.4 3.4 4.4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 64.5 65.8 65.6 70.0 71.8 72.2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 5.8 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 1,368.4 .. .. .. .. .. 61 ESWATINI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 475.1 396.7 367.5 487.1 652.2 509.2 Use of IMF Credit 9.9 70.0 66.9 64.9 68.8 67.2 Long-term external debt 417.3 293.0 286.0 359.2 397.6 418.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 417.3 293.0 286.0 359.2 397.6 418.2 Public Sector 417.3 293.0 286.0 359.2 397.6 418.2 of which: General Government 404.3 288.2 281.2 348.5 386.8 407.4 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 47.9 33.7 14.6 63.0 185.8 23.9 Disbursements (long-term) 43.6 24.8 38.9 99.6 55.6 63.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 43.6 24.8 38.9 99.6 55.6 63.3 Public Sector 43.6 24.8 38.9 99.6 55.6 63.3 of which: General Government 43.6 24.8 38.9 93.6 55.6 63.3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 35.2 23.4 24.4 31.2 31.1 32.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 35.2 23.4 24.4 31.2 31.1 32.6 Public Sector 35.2 23.4 24.4 31.2 31.1 32.6 of which: General Government 30.6 22.4 24.4 31.2 31.1 32.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 23.3 12.2 9.7 8.8 11.2 13.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 23.3 12.2 9.7 8.8 11.2 13.2 Public Sector 23.3 12.2 9.7 8.8 11.2 13.2 of which: General Government 21.9 12.2 9.7 8.8 11.2 13.2 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 417.3 293.0 286.0 359.2 397.6 418.2 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 417.3 293.0 286.0 359.2 397.6 418.2 Official creditors 385.7 273.6 272.2 344.5 381.9 405.8 Multilateral 254.5 172.9 156.2 177.4 208.3 219.4 of which: World Bank 16.9 14.0 21.8 27.6 38.8 39.8 Bilateral 131.2 100.7 116.0 167.1 173.6 186.4 Private creditors 31.6 19.4 13.7 14.7 15.7 12.4 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 31.6 19.4 13.7 14.7 15.7 12.4 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 9.9 70.0 66.9 64.9 68.8 67.2 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 8.4 1.4 14.5 68.3 24.6 30.7 Official creditors 9.8 2.5 15.4 69.1 25.1 31.9 Multilateral -18.2 -7.6 -3.3 19.4 22.8 18.1 of which: World Bank -6.2 6.3 7.7 5.8 11.2 1.0 Bilateral 28.0 10.1 18.7 49.7 2.3 13.8 Private creditors -1.4 -1.1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.6 -1.2 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -1.4 -1.1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.6 -1.2 Short-term 11.0 -8.5 -17.6 46.7 128.3 -168.5 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 90.6 55.1 34.2 2.3 43.3 25.4 Portfolio equity 43.9 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 23.3 18.5 18.4 26.7 31.1 24.8 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 14.4 9.0 9.1 12.8 15.0 10.9 Debt service to exports (%) 3.0 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.3 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 10.1 8.5 4.0 12.9 28.5 4.7 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 53.6 43.6 42.5 36.4 31.9 43.1 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 158.3 174.1 149.1 115.8 86.3 86.5 Gross national income (GNI) 3,288.9 4,387.8 4,060.0 3,807.2 4,352.4 4,686.3 62 ETHIOPIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,846 16,945 21,021 23,796 26,657 28,027 Use of IMF Credit 17 452 397 335 301 242 Long-term external debt 2,771 16,202 20,074 22,533 25,721 27,036 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,771 16,202 20,074 22,533 25,721 27,036 Public Sector 2,771 16,202 20,074 22,533 25,721 27,036 of which: General Government 2,531 9,659 10,635 12,239 14,352 15,474 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 58 292 550 927 634 749 Disbursements (long-term) 379 4,733 4,903 3,497 3,518 3,622 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 379 4,733 4,903 3,497 3,518 3,622 Public Sector 379 4,733 4,903 3,497 3,518 3,622 of which: General Government 379 2,582 1,375 1,969 1,758 2,075 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 68 563 693 762 894 1,494 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 68 563 693 762 894 1,494 Public Sector 68 563 693 762 894 1,494 of which: General Government 35 89 95 104 145 171 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 35 188 302 397 429 436 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 35 188 302 397 429 436 Public Sector 35 188 302 397 429 436 of which: General Government 23 81 158 168 166 205 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,771 16,202 20,074 22,533 25,721 27,036 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,771 16,202 20,074 22,533 25,721 27,036 Official creditors 2,532 11,518 13,725 16,293 19,012 20,096 Multilateral 1,603 5,981 6,775 8,155 10,106 11,063 of which: World Bank 859 4,259 4,753 5,746 7,040 8,338 Bilateral 930 5,537 6,950 8,137 8,906 9,034 Private creditors 239 4,684 6,349 6,241 6,710 6,939 Bondholders .. 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Commercial banks and others 239 3,684 5,349 5,241 5,710 5,939 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 17 452 397 335 301 242 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. -5 -36 -52 -52 -53 Long-term 311 4,170 4,211 2,735 2,623 2,128 Official creditors 344 2,834 2,527 2,839 2,193 1,876 Multilateral 254 1,008 1,058 1,613 1,503 1,703 of which: World Bank 157 854 685 1,177 933 1,494 Bilateral 90 1,826 1,469 1,225 690 173 Private creditors -33 1,336 1,684 -104 431 252 Bondholders .. 1,000 .. .. .. 0 Banks and other private -33 336 1,684 -104 431 252 Short-term -8 88 258 378 -293 115 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 109 1,855 2,627 3,989 4,017 3,310 Portfolio equity 0 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 81 265 349 402 399 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 11 31 33 32 33 33 Debt service to exports (%) 3 12 17 21 21 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 2 2 3 4 2 3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 56 35 32 34 38 39 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 21 18 13 11 14 Gross national income (GNI) 27,087 55,459 64,203 74,029 81,231 83,806 63 FIJI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 342.9 833.7 791.8 849.5 876.5 851.8 Use of IMF Credit 10.7 97.2 93.0 90.2 95.6 93.3 Long-term external debt 314.8 668.6 617.3 662.0 717.3 713.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 314.4 668.2 616.9 661.6 716.9 713.6 Public Sector 314.4 668.2 616.9 661.6 716.9 713.6 of which: General Government 287.2 628.0 580.9 628.7 683.0 681.3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Short-term external debt 17.4 67.9 81.5 97.3 63.6 44.6 Disbursements (long-term) 21.9 71.9 227.9 96.6 59.5 36.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21.8 71.9 227.9 96.5 59.4 36.8 Public Sector 21.8 71.9 227.9 96.5 59.4 36.8 of which: General Government 13.2 70.5 226.0 95.4 58.5 36.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 Principal repayments (long-term) 7.8 21.1 265.6 35.8 20.8 28.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7.7 21.0 265.6 35.8 20.7 28.3 Public Sector 7.7 21.0 265.6 35.8 20.7 28.3 of which: General Government 7.7 21.0 259.5 31.6 20.7 25.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 Interest payments (long-term) 16.2 28.7 35.7 21.3 22.6 24.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16.2 28.7 35.7 21.3 22.6 24.7 Public Sector 16.2 28.7 35.7 21.3 22.6 24.7 of which: General Government 14.9 28.7 35.7 21.0 22.6 24.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 314.8 668.6 617.3 662.0 717.3 713.9 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 314.4 668.2 616.9 661.6 716.9 713.6 Official creditors 164.4 418.2 410.1 461.6 516.9 513.6 Multilateral 108.6 137.8 130.1 172.8 224.3 253.4 of which: World Bank 1.5 .. .. 50.2 53.6 73.1 Bilateral 55.8 280.4 280.0 288.8 292.6 260.1 Private creditors 150.0 250.0 206.9 200.0 200.0 200.0 Bondholders 150.0 250.0 206.9 200.0 200.0 200.0 Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Use of IMF Credit 10.7 97.2 93.0 90.2 95.6 93.3 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 14.2 50.8 -37.7 60.8 38.7 8.5 Official creditors 14.1 50.9 5.4 67.6 38.7 8.5 Multilateral 3.7 -0.6 -7.7 42.5 51.4 29.1 of which: World Bank -1.3 .. .. 50.2 3.4 19.5 Bilateral 10.4 51.5 13.1 25.1 -12.7 -20.6 Private creditors 0.1 -0.1 -43.2 -6.8 0.0 0.0 Bondholders .. .. -43.2 -6.9 0.0 0.0 Banks and other private 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Short-term -4.0 31.6 13.6 15.8 -33.6 -19.1 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 350.5 409.8 208.9 379.2 418.3 307.1 Portfolio equity 1.4 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 16.4 32.0 33.7 35.6 34.5 31.3 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 10.0 18.0 17.7 18.0 17.7 16.7 Debt service to exports (%) 1.2 1.9 12.9 2.5 1.8 2.0 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 5.1 8.1 10.3 11.5 7.3 5.2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 31.7 16.5 16.4 20.3 25.6 29.8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 93.8 109.8 115.9 106.8 127.2 111.1 Gross national income (GNI) 3,436.1 4,631.6 4,477.2 4,717.5 4,944.0 5,103.8 64 GABON (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,363 4,542 5,059 5,286 6,459 6,767 Use of IMF Credit 22 213 203 197 412 601 Long-term external debt 2,227 4,256 4,646 4,848 5,839 5,978 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,227 4,256 4,646 4,848 5,839 5,978 Public Sector 2,227 4,256 4,646 4,848 5,839 5,978 of which: General Government 2,225 4,251 4,638 4,834 5,789 5,922 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 115 73 210 240 207 187 Disbursements (long-term) 181 568 834 431 1,175 720 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 181 568 834 431 1,175 720 Public Sector 181 568 834 431 1,175 720 of which: General Government 181 568 831 423 1,155 693 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 2,250 263 227 160 439 435 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,250 263 227 160 439 435 Public Sector 2,250 263 227 160 439 435 of which: General Government 2,249 261 227 159 438 434 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 360 159 192 193 201 217 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 360 159 192 193 201 217 Public Sector 360 159 192 193 201 217 of which: General Government 360 158 192 193 201 216 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,227 4,256 4,646 4,848 5,839 5,978 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,227 4,256 4,646 4,848 5,839 5,978 Official creditors 1,126 1,615 1,639 1,820 2,863 3,255 Multilateral 410 589 568 562 1,449 1,696 of which: World Bank 20 32 46 67 336 369 Bilateral 716 1,026 1,071 1,259 1,414 1,560 Private creditors 1,100 2,642 3,007 3,028 2,976 2,722 Bondholders 946 1,718 2,218 2,218 2,200 2,186 Commercial banks and others 154 923 789 810 776 536 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 22 213 203 197 412 601 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -25 0 .. .. 198 202 Long-term -2,069 304 607 271 736 285 Official creditors -2,069 172 149 224 887 510 Multilateral -12 43 23 8 786 331 of which: World Bank 9 -1 17 21 249 64 Bilateral -2,057 130 126 216 101 179 Private creditors 0 132 458 48 -151 -225 Bondholders .. .. 500 .. -18 -14 Banks and other private 0 132 -42 48 -133 -211 Short-term -105 -200 135 21 -37 -11 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 696 242 -125 1,241 1,498 846 Portfolio equity 0 -1 4 .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 25 53 92 .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 18 26 38 41 46 43 Debt service to exports (%) 28 5 8 .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 5 2 4 5 3 3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 17 13 11 11 22 25 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 81 55 37 15 15 20 Gross national income (GNI) 13,353 17,233 13,183 12,926 13,951 15,747 65 GAMBIA, THE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 401.9 528.0 532.9 516.0 653.6 681.4 Use of IMF Credit 20.2 86.8 88.4 80.0 93.9 84.1 Long-term external debt 365.7 428.0 432.8 418.0 545.7 579.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 365.7 428.0 432.8 418.0 545.7 579.4 Public Sector 365.7 428.0 432.8 418.0 545.7 579.4 of which: General Government 350.4 411.2 420.4 408.8 539.1 576.1 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 15.9 13.3 11.6 17.9 14.0 17.9 Disbursements (long-term) 37.4 41.2 44.7 17.0 143.5 71.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 37.4 41.2 44.7 17.0 143.5 71.0 Public Sector 37.4 41.2 44.7 17.0 143.5 71.0 of which: General Government 32.0 38.6 44.7 17.0 143.5 71.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 10.3 39.1 27.8 25.9 30.5 30.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.3 39.1 27.8 25.9 30.5 30.4 Public Sector 10.3 39.1 27.8 25.9 30.5 30.4 of which: General Government 9.1 35.6 24.4 22.8 27.4 27.2 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 5.8 5.3 5.1 5.6 6.1 6.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5.8 5.3 5.1 5.6 6.1 6.6 Public Sector 5.8 5.3 5.1 5.6 6.1 6.6 of which: General Government 5.2 5.0 4.7 5.4 6.0 6.4 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 365.7 428.0 432.8 418.0 545.7 579.4 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 365.7 428.0 432.8 418.0 545.7 579.4 Official creditors 363.2 419.1 426.6 413.7 542.7 578.5 Multilateral 245.5 310.4 306.8 293.4 392.4 422.3 of which: World Bank 61.9 57.7 55.0 57.2 105.1 115.8 Bilateral 117.7 108.7 119.9 120.3 150.3 156.1 Private creditors 2.5 8.9 6.2 4.3 2.9 0.9 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 2.5 8.9 6.2 4.3 2.9 0.9 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 20.2 86.8 88.4 80.0 93.9 84.1 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 6.3 -3.2 5.5 -5.9 8.9 -7.8 Long-term 27.2 2.2 16.9 -8.9 113.0 40.6 Official creditors 25.7 3.0 18.7 -7.1 114.8 42.5 Multilateral 25.1 12.4 6.1 -7.9 85.8 36.3 of which: World Bank 2.3 -0.5 -0.2 4.0 43.9 13.3 Bilateral 0.5 -9.4 12.7 0.8 29.0 6.2 Private creditors 1.5 -0.9 -1.8 -1.8 -1.8 -1.9 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 1.5 -0.9 -1.8 -1.8 -1.8 -1.9 Short-term -7.0 -0.9 -1.0 7.9 -3.9 3.7 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 70.8 33.7 7.9 7.9 12.3 29.1 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 127.1 194.7 200.3 210.2 248.9 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 42.7 42.9 39.1 36.5 44.7 42.7 Debt service to exports (%) 5.4 17.6 14.4 15.3 16.8 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4.0 2.5 2.2 3.5 2.1 2.6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 61.1 58.8 57.6 56.9 60.0 62.0 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 29.0 30.2 20.8 17.0 26.0 28.1 Gross national income (GNI) 940.2 1,230.1 1,361.1 1,414.8 1,461.2 1,595.4 66 GEORGIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 7,722 13,657 14,375 15,820 15,924 17,118 Use of IMF Credit 682 420 330 307 397 416 Long-term external debt 6,003 11,086 12,001 13,159 13,084 14,033 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,974 5,076 5,221 5,724 6,115 6,280 Public Sector 2,974 5,076 5,221 5,724 6,115 6,280 of which: General Government 2,281 4,039 4,233 4,443 5,032 5,257 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,029 6,010 6,781 7,435 6,969 7,754 Short-term external debt 1,037 2,151 2,043 2,354 2,443 2,669 Disbursements (long-term) 893 1,467 2,545 2,780 2,003 2,467 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 725 627 733 839 536 567 Public Sector 725 627 733 839 536 567 of which: General Government 725 461 464 424 524 555 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 168 841 1,812 1,941 1,467 1,900 Principal repayments (long-term) 423 1,207 1,387 1,634 1,974 1,681 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 110 191 435 256 434 300 Public Sector 110 191 435 256 434 300 of which: General Government 40 98 118 132 165 227 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 314 1,016 952 1,379 1,540 1,381 Interest payments (long-term) 225 387 623 867 487 571 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 54 127 127 114 136 128 Public Sector 54 127 127 114 136 128 of which: General Government 46 80 79 87 99 111 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 171 260 495 752 351 442 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 6,003 11,086 12,001 13,159 13,084 14,033 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,974 5,076 5,221 5,724 6,115 6,280 Official creditors 1,780 3,526 3,712 3,892 4,432 4,663 Multilateral 1,190 2,746 2,962 3,154 3,664 3,794 of which: World Bank 989 1,774 1,849 1,830 2,026 1,960 Bilateral 590 780 750 738 768 870 Private creditors 1,194 1,550 1,509 1,831 1,683 1,616 Bondholders 500 1,000 750 1,000 750 750 Commercial banks and others 694 550 759 831 933 866 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3,029 6,010 6,781 7,435 6,969 7,754 Bondholders .. 750 900 1,054 1,152 1,660 Commercial banks and others 3,029 5,260 5,881 6,381 5,817 6,094 Use of IMF Credit 682 420 330 307 397 416 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 221 -132 -73 -14 70 28 Long-term 470 261 1,158 1,146 28 787 Official creditors 185 363 337 259 320 330 Multilateral 183 347 330 265 337 211 of which: World Bank 110 109 133 19 125 -31 Bilateral 2 16 7 -6 -17 118 Private creditors 285 -103 821 887 -291 457 Bondholders 500 0 -100 404 -454 236 Banks and other private -215 -103 921 483 163 221 Short-term 373 58 248 230 181 89 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,177 1,572 1,704 2,132 1,845 1,259 Portfolio equity 115 210 5 -4 -2 4 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 182 169 207 223 183 168 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 61 83 106 116 112 111 Debt service to exports (%) 17 23 30 36 29 24 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 13 16 14 15 15 16 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 20 21 20 23 22 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 19 20 18 17 19 19 Gross national income (GNI) 12,623 16,358 13,610 13,665 14,263 15,473 67 GHANA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 4,712 17,839 20,105 21,166 22,354 23,315 Use of IMF Credit 259 1,120 1,242 1,366 1,465 1,508 Long-term external debt 3,326 13,637 15,559 17,012 17,566 18,174 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,326 13,384 15,306 16,759 17,313 17,920 Public Sector 3,326 13,384 15,306 16,759 17,313 17,920 of which: General Government 3,179 12,450 14,282 15,739 16,214 16,836 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 253 253 253 253 253 Short-term external debt 1,127 3,082 3,304 2,789 3,323 3,634 Disbursements (long-term) 756 3,306 2,852 2,510 1,148 2,585 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 756 3,053 2,852 2,510 1,148 2,585 Public Sector 756 3,053 2,852 2,510 1,148 2,585 of which: General Government 756 2,835 2,705 2,473 1,122 2,565 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 253 .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 137 450 558 848 1,063 1,774 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 137 450 558 848 1,063 1,774 Public Sector 137 450 558 848 1,063 1,774 of which: General Government 114 432 544 835 1,053 1,767 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 66 255 336 554 745 676 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 66 255 330 548 739 669 Public Sector 66 255 330 548 739 669 of which: General Government 56 248 322 539 730 661 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 6 6 6 6 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 3,326 13,637 15,559 17,012 17,566 18,174 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,326 13,384 15,306 16,759 17,313 17,920 Official creditors 2,591 8,147 8,775 8,781 9,305 8,974 Multilateral 1,899 4,157 4,579 4,728 5,386 5,362 of which: World Bank 1,330 2,946 3,285 3,415 3,945 3,926 Bilateral 691 3,990 4,195 4,052 3,919 3,612 Private creditors 735 5,237 6,531 7,978 8,008 8,946 Bondholders .. 2,000 3,000 3,750 3,750 5,048 Commercial banks and others 735 3,237 3,531 4,228 4,258 3,898 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0 253 253 253 253 253 Bondholders 0 253 253 253 253 253 Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 259 1,120 1,242 1,366 1,465 1,508 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 0 -32 172 166 18 78 Long-term 619 2,856 2,294 1,662 84 810 Official creditors 537 1,007 883 180 168 -170 Multilateral 387 336 596 282 402 91 of which: World Bank 256 296 474 235 323 75 Bilateral 149 672 288 -102 -233 -261 Private creditors 83 1,849 1,411 1,482 -84 980 Bondholders .. 1,253 1,000 750 0 1,298 Banks and other private 83 596 411 732 -84 -318 Short-term -73 -509 230 -503 409 290 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,429 3,363 3,192 3,485 3,255 2,989 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 66 116 119 120 108 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 17 34 41 39 39 36 Debt service to exports (%) 3 5 6 9 9 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 24 17 16 13 15 16 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 40 23 23 22 24 23 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 38 29 27 26 30 25 Gross national income (GNI) 28,411 51,863 48,530 53,962 57,430 64,270 68 GRENADA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 538.9 637.7 597.7 597.1 537.4 644.9 Use of IMF Credit 14.4 45.7 44.8 43.9 44.5 38.6 Long-term external debt 460.3 513.0 533.9 526.4 470.9 488.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 460.3 513.0 533.9 526.4 470.9 488.6 Public Sector 460.3 513.0 533.9 526.4 470.9 488.6 of which: General Government 457.7 511.5 532.8 525.6 470.5 488.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 64.2 79.0 19.0 26.8 22.0 117.7 Disbursements (long-term) 34.8 35.3 50.6 21.3 13.8 51.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 34.8 35.3 50.6 21.3 13.8 51.9 Public Sector 34.8 35.3 50.6 21.3 13.8 51.9 of which: General Government 34.3 35.3 50.6 21.3 13.8 51.9 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 8.9 12.0 16.4 24.3 30.5 31.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8.9 12.0 16.4 24.3 30.5 31.7 Public Sector 8.9 12.0 16.4 24.3 30.5 31.7 of which: General Government 8.6 11.6 16.0 24.0 30.1 31.3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 8.1 6.0 5.9 18.4 20.5 16.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8.1 6.0 5.9 18.4 20.5 16.2 Public Sector 8.1 6.0 5.9 18.4 20.5 16.2 of which: General Government 8.0 6.0 5.9 18.3 20.5 16.2 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 460.3 513.0 533.9 526.4 470.9 488.6 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 460.3 513.0 533.9 526.4 470.9 488.6 Official creditors 257.4 316.1 346.4 350.6 353.0 379.8 Multilateral 169.0 209.7 244.3 251.0 256.0 278.6 of which: World Bank 48.1 74.7 89.8 89.5 102.0 131.1 Bilateral 88.4 106.4 102.1 99.6 97.0 101.1 Private creditors 202.8 196.9 187.4 175.7 117.8 108.8 Bondholders 193.2 193.2 184.8 175.4 117.5 108.5 Commercial banks and others 9.6 3.7 2.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 14.4 45.7 44.8 43.9 44.5 38.6 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 5.6 3.4 1.1 0.5 -2.0 -4.9 Long-term 25.9 23.3 34.2 -3.1 -16.7 20.2 Official creditors 25.9 23.3 35.3 6.3 -7.7 29.2 Multilateral 20.6 21.8 37.8 9.2 -0.4 24.8 of which: World Bank 1.7 15.0 18.1 2.1 7.3 31.3 Bilateral 5.3 1.5 -2.5 -2.9 -7.4 4.3 Private creditors .. .. -1.1 -9.4 -9.0 -9.0 Bondholders .. .. .. -9.4 -9.0 -9.0 Banks and other private .. .. -1.1 .. .. 0.0 Short-term 20.0 20.9 -9.0 5.9 -5.3 95.2 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 115.7 84.4 157.8 93.4 110.1 143.4 Portfolio equity .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 249.6 130.4 115.0 111.1 89.9 97.4 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 68.8 77.0 67.7 61.9 52.6 58.8 Debt service to exports (%) 9.9 4.3 5.2 8.9 9.4 8.4 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11.9 12.4 3.2 4.5 4.1 18.3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 31.4 32.9 40.9 42.0 47.6 43.2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 19.5 26.7 33.1 34.8 37.1 36.3 Gross national income (GNI) 783.3 828.7 882.8 964.6 1,022.4 1,096.3 69 GUATEMALA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 13,823 19,512 20,378 21,480 22,972 22,349 Use of IMF Credit 43 291 278 270 286 279 Long-term external debt 11,629 18,270 19,256 20,289 21,643 21,155 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,385 7,000 7,544 8,148 8,366 8,428 Public Sector 4,385 7,000 7,544 8,148 8,366 8,428 of which: General Government 3,899 6,655 7,237 7,878 8,134 8,234 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 7,245 11,270 11,711 12,142 13,277 12,727 Short-term external debt 2,151 951 844 920 1,042 914 Disbursements (long-term) 958 3,318 2,423 3,212 4,554 2,699 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 396 290 906 953 662 406 Public Sector 396 290 906 953 662 406 of which: General Government 366 290 906 953 662 406 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 562 3,028 1,516 2,260 3,893 2,293 Principal repayments (long-term) 917 1,240 1,424 2,116 3,225 3,182 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 260 311 350 352 457 342 Public Sector 260 311 350 352 457 342 of which: General Government 257 274 312 314 419 305 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 656 928 1,074 1,765 2,768 2,839 Interest payments (long-term) 621 719 676 953 950 752 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 257 280 288 354 376 267 Public Sector 257 280 288 354 376 267 of which: General Government 227 260 271 338 362 255 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 365 439 388 600 574 485 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 11,629 18,270 19,256 20,289 21,643 21,155 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 4,385 7,000 7,544 8,148 8,366 8,428 Official creditors 3,427 5,247 5,783 5,684 5,406 5,470 Multilateral 3,062 4,850 5,353 5,197 4,911 4,977 of which: World Bank 806 1,497 1,765 1,679 1,555 1,718 Bilateral 366 397 430 486 496 493 Private creditors 957 1,753 1,762 2,464 2,960 2,958 Bondholders 955 1,730 1,730 2,430 2,930 2,930 Commercial banks and others 2 23 32 34 30 28 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 7,245 11,270 11,711 12,142 13,277 12,727 Bondholders 55 1,155 1,150 1,500 2,330 2,330 Commercial banks and others 7,190 10,115 10,561 10,642 10,947 10,397 Use of IMF Credit 43 291 278 270 286 279 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 41 2,078 998 1,096 1,329 -483 Official creditors 136 -22 548 -101 -290 65 Multilateral 160 -141 508 -154 -289 68 of which: World Bank 66 -52 269 -86 -124 163 Bilateral -24 119 39 53 -1 -2 Private creditors -95 2,100 451 1,197 1,620 -548 Bondholders 5 800 -5 1,050 1,330 .. Banks and other private -100 1,300 456 147 290 -548 Short-term 147 6 -107 76 122 -129 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 679 958 1,673 1,135 931 1,041 Portfolio equity 85 -6 -34 .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 131 136 144 154 157 151 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 36 34 33 32 31 29 Debt service to exports (%) 15 14 15 22 29 27 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 16 5 4 4 5 4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 22 25 26 24 21 22 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 32 36 37 41 50 55 Gross national income (GNI) 38,297 57,315 62,369 67,156 74,257 77,150 70 GUINEA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 3,412 1,420 1,389 1,381 1,491 1,699 Use of IMF Credit 98 321 340 379 426 464 Long-term external debt 3,172 1,017 930 911 947 1,083 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,172 1,017 930 911 947 1,083 Public Sector 3,172 1,017 930 911 947 1,083 of which: General Government 2,820 898 826 816 847 989 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 142 82 119 90 118 152 Disbursements (long-term) 63 99 22 52 40 194 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 63 99 22 52 40 194 Public Sector 63 99 22 52 40 194 of which: General Government 48 99 22 52 40 190 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 100 64 58 52 52 38 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 100 64 58 52 52 38 Public Sector 100 64 58 52 52 38 of which: General Government 91 57 52 46 46 32 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 33 12 10 10 10 11 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 33 12 10 10 10 11 Public Sector 33 12 10 10 10 11 of which: General Government 20 8 7 7 7 8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 3,172 1,017 930 911 947 1,083 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,172 1,017 930 911 947 1,083 Official creditors 3,008 950 880 873 917 1,053 Multilateral 1,912 649 609 615 657 754 of which: World Bank 1,288 197 186 222 252 344 Bilateral 1,096 301 270 258 260 300 Private creditors 165 67 50 38 30 29 Bondholders 146 55 38 26 18 17 Commercial banks and others 18 12 12 12 12 12 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 98 321 340 379 426 464 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 8 96 33 51 24 49 Long-term -37 35 -36 0 -11 156 Official creditors -23 48 -25 11 0 156 Multilateral -8 60 -13 20 9 111 of which: World Bank -3 39 -2 43 17 98 Bilateral -14 -12 -12 -9 -9 45 Private creditors -15 -13 -11 -11 -11 .. Bondholders -15 -13 -11 -11 -11 .. Banks and other private .. 0 .. 0 .. .. Short-term 48 -35 39 -28 28 34 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 379 32 9 3 40 483 Portfolio equity 0 0 -2 0 1 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 235 66 73 55 32 41 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 53 17 16 16 15 16 Debt service to exports (%) 11 4 5 3 1 1 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 6 9 7 8 9 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 56 46 44 45 44 44 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 1 69 41 58 63 68 Gross national income (GNI) 6,445 8,490 8,535 8,450 9,864 10,372 71 GUINEA-BISSAU (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 1,099.3 271.4 314.8 295.2 343.0 420.7 Use of IMF Credit 10.5 35.3 37.7 42.5 51.6 52.6 Long-term external debt 942.4 203.2 223.8 219.9 257.5 325.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 942.4 203.2 223.8 219.9 257.5 325.6 Public Sector 942.4 203.2 223.8 219.9 257.5 325.6 of which: General Government 931.8 203.2 223.8 219.9 257.5 325.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 146.5 32.9 53.3 32.8 33.9 42.5 Disbursements (long-term) 7.6 2.5 29.7 4.6 59.0 77.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7.6 2.5 29.7 4.6 59.0 77.6 Public Sector 7.6 2.5 29.7 4.6 59.0 77.6 of which: General Government 7.6 2.5 29.7 4.6 59.0 77.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 4.1 2.5 2.4 4.9 5.0 3.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4.1 2.5 2.4 4.9 5.0 3.8 Public Sector 4.1 2.5 2.4 4.9 5.0 3.8 of which: General Government 3.8 2.5 2.4 4.9 5.0 3.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 3.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 Public Sector 3.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 of which: General Government 3.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 942.4 203.2 223.8 219.9 257.5 325.6 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 942.4 203.2 223.8 219.9 257.5 325.6 Official creditors 942.4 203.2 223.8 219.9 257.5 325.6 Multilateral 519.8 101.7 123.3 119.7 150.2 213.0 of which: World Bank 308.7 53.1 53.0 54.1 67.0 111.1 Bilateral 422.6 101.5 100.5 100.2 107.3 112.6 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 10.5 35.3 37.7 42.5 51.6 52.6 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 3.6 5.4 4.0 6.1 6.4 2.2 Long-term 3.5 0.0 27.3 -0.2 54.0 73.8 Official creditors 3.5 0.0 27.3 -0.2 54.0 73.7 Multilateral 3.5 0.1 27.4 -0.2 47.3 68.4 of which: World Bank 3.1 1.2 2.2 2.8 9.4 46.1 Bilateral .. -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 6.8 5.4 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term -5.0 0.0 20.7 -20.4 1.0 8.7 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 5.1 28.9 18.6 14.2 15.7 17.3 Portfolio equity .. -0.1 .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 638.8 98.4 92.0 135.5 81.5 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 129.2 24.9 29.3 24.4 25.4 28.9 Debt service to exports (%) 5.7 1.2 1.0 3.1 1.9 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 13.3 12.1 16.9 11.1 9.9 10.1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 47.3 37.5 39.2 40.5 43.8 50.6 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 11.3 105.7 105.5 .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 851.1 1,090.8 1,073.4 1,207.9 1,349.6 1,456.1 72 GUYANA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 990.5 2,341.9 1,636.9 1,643.9 1,582.9 1,609.1 Use of IMF Credit 79.5 139.6 124.5 117.1 124.0 121.1 Long-term external debt 675.2 1,283.3 1,201.3 1,283.6 1,342.6 1,362.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 675.2 1,098.3 1,031.3 1,049.0 1,135.0 1,205.9 Public Sector 675.2 1,098.3 1,031.3 1,049.0 1,135.0 1,205.9 of which: General Government 610.5 1,061.6 995.1 1,013.2 1,099.3 1,170.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0.0 185.1 170.0 234.5 207.7 157.0 Short-term external debt 235.8 919.0 311.1 243.2 116.2 125.1 Disbursements (long-term) 138.4 353.6 73.9 140.9 109.4 137.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 138.4 168.6 73.9 60.9 109.4 137.6 Public Sector 138.4 168.6 73.9 60.9 109.4 137.6 of which: General Government 138.4 168.6 73.9 60.9 109.4 137.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 185.0 .. 80.0 .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 16.1 23.5 43.7 47.7 65.6 105.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16.1 23.5 28.7 32.2 38.7 54.8 Public Sector 16.1 23.5 28.7 32.2 38.7 54.8 of which: General Government 11.2 23.3 28.4 31.9 38.4 54.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 15.0 15.5 26.9 50.7 Interest payments (long-term) 10.3 15.9 16.9 28.2 31.6 33.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.3 15.9 16.9 17.5 19.1 22.1 Public Sector 10.3 15.9 16.9 17.5 19.1 22.1 of which: General Government 10.2 15.8 16.8 17.4 19.0 22.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. 10.7 12.5 11.3 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 675.2 1,283.3 1,201.3 1,283.6 1,342.6 1,362.9 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 675.2 1,098.3 1,031.3 1,049.0 1,135.0 1,205.9 Official creditors 658.8 1,081.9 1,014.9 1,032.8 1,101.4 1,173.1 Multilateral 381.1 678.5 688.4 693.8 725.5 787.9 of which: World Bank 9.8 14.2 20.4 25.0 35.6 75.5 Bilateral 277.7 403.4 326.6 339.0 375.9 385.2 Private creditors 16.4 16.4 16.4 16.2 33.6 32.8 Bondholders 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Commercial banks and others 16.4 16.3 16.3 16.2 33.5 32.8 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0.0 185.1 170.0 234.5 207.7 157.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0.0 185.1 170.0 234.5 207.7 157.0 Use of IMF Credit 79.5 139.6 124.5 117.1 124.0 121.1 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 0.0 -11.3 -9.1 -3.9 .. .. Long-term 122.3 330.0 30.3 93.3 43.8 32.1 Official creditors 122.3 145.0 45.3 28.8 53.4 83.5 Multilateral 46.9 25.4 26.1 6.9 26.3 64.4 of which: World Bank -0.1 2.2 6.9 5.4 8.7 41.1 Bilateral 75.4 119.7 19.1 21.9 27.0 19.1 Private creditors .. 185.0 -15.0 64.5 -9.6 -51.4 Bondholders .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. 185.0 -15.0 64.5 -9.6 -51.4 Short-term 50.0 -103.3 -608.2 -80.3 -121.7 5.7 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 34.4 32.5 113.4 25.6 212.2 494.8 Portfolio equity .. .. 0.0 0.0 .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 93.9 166.9 119.8 99.7 .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 51.3 76.8 51.6 46.9 44.3 44.6 Debt service to exports (%) 2.5 4.3 5.3 5.0 .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 23.8 39.2 19.0 14.8 7.3 7.8 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 38.5 29.0 42.1 42.2 45.8 49.0 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 35.9 28.5 32.5 35.3 35.7 32.2 Gross national income (GNI) 1,931.6 3,050.9 3,172.6 3,508.7 3,576.1 3,609.8 73 HAITI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 1,964 1,952 2,096 2,168 2,170 2,213 Use of IMF Credit 126 177 178 216 213 201 Long-term external debt 1,838 1,774 1,915 1,951 1,955 2,012 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,838 1,773 1,914 1,947 1,954 2,012 Public Sector 1,838 1,773 1,914 1,947 1,954 2,012 of which: General Government 1,728 1,734 1,877 1,913 1,923 1,987 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 1 1 4 1 0 Short-term external debt 0 1 4 1 2 0 Disbursements (long-term) 348 408 173 106 16 1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 348 408 173 102 16 1 Public Sector 348 408 173 102 16 1 of which: General Government 348 408 173 102 16 .. Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. 4 .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 34 21 27 68 9 8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 34 19 27 67 6 8 Public Sector 34 19 27 67 6 8 of which: General Government 29 19 25 64 3 5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 2 0 0 4 0 Interest payments (long-term) 23 5 8 19 5 4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 23 5 8 19 5 4 Public Sector 23 5 8 19 5 4 of which: General Government 21 5 8 18 4 3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 0 0 0 0 0 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,838 1,774 1,915 1,951 1,955 2,012 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,838 1,773 1,914 1,947 1,954 2,012 Official creditors 1,788 1,728 1,868 1,901 1,909 1,969 Multilateral 1,329 79 81 89 101 99 of which: World Bank 507 .. .. .. .. .. Bilateral 460 1,649 1,787 1,812 1,808 1,870 Private creditors 50 45 45 45 45 43 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 50 45 45 45 45 43 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 1 1 4 1 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 1 1 4 1 0 Use of IMF Credit 126 177 178 216 213 201 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 50 5 10 39 -6 -10 Long-term 313 387 146 38 7 -8 Official creditors 263 392 146 35 11 -5 Multilateral 91 6 8 10 15 -2 of which: World Bank -16 .. .. .. .. .. Bilateral 172 386 138 25 -4 -3 Private creditors 50 -4 0 4 -4 -3 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 50 -4 0 4 -4 -3 Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 30 99 106 105 375 105 Portfolio equity 0 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 208 113 116 129 136 120 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 30 22 24 27 26 23 Debt service to exports (%) 6 2 2 5 1 1 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 68 4 4 4 5 4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 36 101 91 97 108 104 Gross national income (GNI) 6,554 8,825 8,765 8,023 8,462 9,711 74 HONDURAS (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 3,489 7,329 7,585 7,582 8,809 9,548 Use of IMF Credit 61 185 173 166 176 172 Long-term external debt 2,963 6,640 6,921 6,976 8,140 8,672 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,306 5,528 5,879 6,017 7,032 7,031 Public Sector 2,306 5,528 5,879 6,017 7,032 7,031 of which: General Government 2,131 5,387 5,704 5,780 6,700 6,915 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 657 1,112 1,042 960 1,107 1,641 Short-term external debt 466 504 491 439 493 703 Disbursements (long-term) 649 900 1,453 896 2,598 2,126 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 431 582 561 364 1,135 320 Public Sector 431 582 561 364 1,135 320 of which: General Government 415 574 513 289 1,038 318 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 218 318 893 531 1,463 1,806 Principal repayments (long-term) 277 492 1,059 791 1,574 1,784 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 54 111 137 178 202 227 Public Sector 54 111 137 178 202 227 of which: General Government 45 106 125 166 198 220 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 223 381 922 613 1,372 1,557 Interest payments (long-term) 77 198 214 237 237 260 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 49 178 192 217 218 242 Public Sector 49 178 192 217 218 242 of which: General Government 43 176 188 213 205 238 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 27 20 22 20 19 18 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,963 6,640 6,921 6,976 8,140 8,672 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,306 5,528 5,879 6,017 7,032 7,031 Official creditors 2,254 4,282 4,650 4,824 5,160 5,127 Multilateral 1,437 3,531 3,782 3,871 4,094 4,466 of which: World Bank 449 936 965 940 985 937 Bilateral 818 751 869 953 1,066 661 Private creditors 52 1,246 1,229 1,193 1,872 1,904 Bondholders .. 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,700 1,700 Commercial banks and others 52 246 229 193 172 204 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 657 1,112 1,042 960 1,107 1,641 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 657 1,112 1,042 960 1,107 1,641 Use of IMF Credit 61 185 173 166 176 172 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 0 -6 -4 -1 .. .. Long-term 372 408 394 105 1,024 341 Official creditors 378 349 428 216 267 105 Multilateral 162 368 291 120 165 149 of which: World Bank 51 91 68 1 -4 -28 Bilateral 216 -20 137 96 102 -45 Private creditors -7 59 -34 -111 757 237 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 700 .. Banks and other private -7 59 -34 -111 57 237 Short-term 151 -8 -13 -54 55 210 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,046 1,165 974 1,181 1,051 1,105 Portfolio equity .. 20 -1 -22 .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 70 108 109 109 117 128 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 26 41 39 38 41 43 Debt service to exports (%) 7 10 18 15 24 28 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 13 7 6 6 6 7 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 41 48 50 51 46 47 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 71 47 49 50 53 50 Gross national income (GNI) 13,269 18,013 19,408 20,059 21,305 22,203 75 INDIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 227,112 457,507 478,834 455,510 511,484 521,391 Use of IMF Credit 1,049 5,764 5,513 5,348 5,666 5,533 Long-term external debt 182,241 366,169 391,759 366,229 408,210 411,686 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 76,316 152,515 162,314 152,982 182,926 180,508 Public Sector 76,221 152,515 162,314 152,982 182,926 180,508 of which: General Government 59,041 109,162 116,713 111,062 141,987 134,213 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 95 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 105,925 213,654 229,445 213,248 225,284 231,179 Short-term external debt 43,821 85,574 81,563 83,933 97,609 104,171 Disbursements (long-term) 38,712 130,004 66,345 41,942 78,142 52,234 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 18,824 46,998 23,121 11,570 39,421 19,092 Public Sector 18,824 46,998 23,121 11,570 39,421 19,092 of which: General Government 16,023 32,974 12,562 6,194 33,035 7,866 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 19,888 83,006 43,224 30,372 38,721 33,141 Principal repayments (long-term) 23,685 80,786 38,772 65,971 38,666 46,229 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13,447 11,649 11,774 20,472 11,982 21,016 Public Sector 13,426 11,648 11,774 20,472 11,982 21,016 of which: General Government 11,954 3,374 3,746 11,409 4,189 15,244 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 21 1 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 10,238 69,137 26,998 45,499 26,684 25,213 Interest payments (long-term) 5,718 10,971 9,814 9,540 10,348 13,977 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,524 1,841 1,899 2,105 2,153 2,617 Public Sector 1,521 1,841 1,899 2,105 2,153 2,617 of which: General Government 964 653 623 770 954 1,217 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 3 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 4,194 9,131 7,916 7,435 8,195 11,361 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 182,241 366,169 391,759 366,229 408,210 411,686 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 76,316 152,515 162,314 152,982 182,926 180,508 Official creditors 62,581 71,748 71,726 73,258 78,072 81,023 Multilateral 39,409 50,660 50,462 50,789 52,976 54,165 of which: World Bank 32,794 37,238 36,509 36,348 37,234 36,464 Bilateral 23,172 21,088 21,264 22,469 25,096 26,858 Private creditors 13,735 80,767 90,588 79,724 104,854 99,485 Bondholders 4,520 50,811 59,512 53,246 81,997 73,809 Commercial banks and others 9,215 29,956 31,076 26,478 22,857 25,676 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 105,925 213,654 229,445 213,248 225,284 231,179 Bondholders 14,732 6,214 7,783 10,040 14,645 13,962 Commercial banks and others 91,193 207,440 221,661 203,208 210,639 217,216 Use of IMF Credit 1,049 5,764 5,513 5,348 5,666 5,533 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 15,027 49,217 27,573 -24,029 39,476 6,005 Official creditors 2,874 2,035 1,428 1,972 2,445 3,416 Multilateral 2,359 1,361 843 1,014 885 1,747 of which: World Bank 928 487 260 506 -369 -243 Bilateral 515 674 585 958 1,560 1,668 Private creditors 12,153 47,183 26,145 -26,001 37,031 2,589 Bondholders 1,754 27,437 10,705 -3,796 33,309 -8,417 Banks and other private 10,399 19,746 15,439 -22,205 3,721 11,006 Short-term 7,728 -7,132 -4,012 2,370 13,676 6,315 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 42,690 32,354 39,663 41,987 37,098 39,396 Portfolio equity -15,030 12,369 1,933 2,337 5,928 -4,361 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 71 92 108 102 101 93 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 19 23 23 20 19 19 Debt service to exports (%) 10 19 11 17 10 11 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 19 19 17 18 19 20 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 17 11 11 11 10 10 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 109 66 70 75 76 72 Gross national income (GNI) 1,191,737 2,015,015 2,077,985 2,264,132 2,623,875 2,698,618 76 INDONESIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 157,916 292,991 306,224 319,013 350,133 369,840 Use of IMF Credit 368 2,869 2,744 2,662 2,820 2,754 Long-term external debt 137,060 244,162 265,049 275,665 300,582 314,078 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 87,763 142,190 159,576 177,138 195,052 217,684 Public Sector 87,763 142,190 159,576 177,138 195,052 217,684 of which: General Government 84,461 122,211 135,953 154,827 175,699 185,868 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 49,297 101,972 105,473 98,528 105,530 96,395 Short-term external debt 20,488 45,960 38,431 40,685 46,731 53,007 Disbursements (long-term) 22,932 69,966 66,895 68,848 78,999 52,617 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9,065 28,164 27,260 26,730 27,573 31,047 Public Sector 9,065 28,164 27,260 26,730 27,573 31,047 of which: General Government 9,065 22,955 20,159 23,964 24,729 15,809 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 13,867 41,802 39,635 42,117 51,426 21,571 Principal repayments (long-term) 17,001 52,844 45,160 59,092 56,200 12,546 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,779 23,903 9,026 10,029 11,772 8,087 Public Sector 6,779 23,903 9,026 10,029 11,772 8,087 of which: General Government 6,581 23,249 5,568 5,952 5,969 5,337 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 10,221 28,941 36,134 49,063 44,427 4,458 Interest payments (long-term) 4,461 8,258 9,770 10,489 10,745 9,267 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,718 4,443 5,201 5,961 6,580 7,978 Public Sector 2,718 4,443 5,201 5,961 6,580 7,978 of which: General Government 2,488 3,521 4,235 4,909 5,521 7,084 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,743 3,814 4,569 4,527 4,165 1,290 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 137,060 244,162 265,049 275,665 300,582 314,078 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 87,763 142,190 159,576 177,138 195,052 217,684 Official creditors 63,184 50,870 51,138 51,878 52,090 53,426 Multilateral 19,962 22,707 25,202 26,720 27,499 29,118 of which: World Bank 8,974 14,053 16,044 17,224 17,941 18,507 Bilateral 43,222 28,163 25,936 25,158 24,591 24,308 Private creditors 24,579 91,320 108,438 125,260 142,962 164,258 Bondholders 18,451 82,317 96,484 114,376 135,396 153,532 Commercial banks and others 6,128 9,003 11,954 10,884 7,566 10,726 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 49,297 101,972 105,473 98,528 105,530 96,395 Bondholders 6,592 13,267 14,279 13,306 14,383 15,038 Commercial banks and others 42,705 88,705 91,195 85,222 91,147 81,357 Use of IMF Credit 368 2,869 2,744 2,662 2,820 2,754 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 5,932 17,122 21,736 9,755 22,800 40,072 Official creditors -1,127 -1,811 761 -407 -847 1,344 Multilateral 922 69 2,614 1,576 659 1,663 of which: World Bank 613 733 2,060 1,221 645 594 Bilateral -2,049 -1,880 -1,852 -1,982 -1,506 -320 Private creditors 7,059 18,933 20,974 10,162 23,647 38,728 Bondholders 3,890 3,087 15,319 17,143 21,257 19,027 Banks and other private 3,169 15,846 5,655 -6,981 2,390 19,701 Short-term 1,833 -150 -7,529 2,254 6,046 2,828 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 9,105 21,895 18,822 4,684 18,839 21,016 Portfolio equity 322 3,259 -1,547 1,319 -2,538 -3,668 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 106 146 176 186 175 170 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 32 34 37 35 36 37 Debt service to exports (%) 14 31 32 41 34 11 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 13 16 13 13 13 14 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 13 8 8 8 8 8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 37 34 36 36 32 Gross national income (GNI) 492,096 860,947 832,299 902,045 982,443 1,009,863 77 IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 16,027 5,797 6,375 5,971 6,761 6,324 Use of IMF Credit 376 2,066 1,976 1,917 2,031 1,983 Long-term external debt 9,052 3,299 2,380 740 531 382 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9,052 3,299 2,380 740 531 382 Public Sector 9,049 3,299 2,380 740 531 382 of which: General Government 900 554 462 378 280 206 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 3 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 0 0 0 0 0 Short-term external debt 6,599 432 2,019 3,314 4,199 3,959 Disbursements (long-term) 804 0 2 24 99 0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 804 0 2 24 99 0 Public Sector 804 0 2 24 99 0 of which: General Government 125 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 2,167 471 703 1,931 329 138 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,167 471 703 1,931 329 138 Public Sector 2,164 470 703 1,931 329 138 of which: General Government 80 129 91 99 99 74 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 3 1 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 509 34 40 87 21 18 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 509 34 40 87 21 18 Public Sector 509 34 40 87 21 18 of which: General Government 27 16 5 6 7 6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 9,052 3,299 2,380 740 531 382 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 9,052 3,299 2,380 740 531 382 Official creditors 2,500 965 653 498 462 358 Multilateral 761 536 454 372 284 217 of which: World Bank 761 520 438 355 271 206 Bilateral 1,739 428 199 126 177 141 Private creditors 6,551 2,334 1,727 241 70 24 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 6,551 2,334 1,727 241 70 24 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0 0 0 0 0 0 Use of IMF Credit 376 2,066 1,976 1,917 2,031 1,983 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term -1,363 -471 -702 -1,907 -229 -138 Official creditors -43 -237 -299 -172 -46 -93 Multilateral 77 -96 -81 -83 -90 -67 of which: World Bank 77 -92 -82 -83 -84 -65 Bilateral -120 -142 -218 -88 44 -26 Private creditors -1,320 -234 -403 -1,735 -184 -45 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -1,320 -234 -403 -1,735 -184 -45 Short-term -3,292 -345 1,588 1,292 886 -241 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,980 2,105 2,050 3,372 5,019 3,480 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 15 5 6 8 7 5 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 4 1 2 1 1 .. Debt service to exports (%) 3 0 1 3 0 1 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 41 7 32 56 62 63 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 5 9 7 6 4 3 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 407,406 435,771 386,850 420,281 454,858 .. 78 JAMAICA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 10,438 14,082 14,113 14,097 14,722 16,307 Use of IMF Credit 63 1,046 1,025 1,103 1,152 1,074 Long-term external debt 9,116 11,567 11,597 11,363 11,874 13,240 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,952 7,996 9,648 9,507 9,941 9,772 Public Sector 6,950 7,996 9,648 9,507 9,941 9,772 of which: General Government 5,676 6,664 8,497 8,398 9,190 9,116 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,164 3,571 1,949 1,856 1,932 3,468 Short-term external debt 1,259 1,469 1,492 1,632 1,696 1,993 Disbursements (long-term) 707 1,918 3,322 1,097 1,184 1,389 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 707 1,166 2,394 1,054 1,079 294 Public Sector 707 1,166 2,394 1,054 1,079 294 of which: General Government 670 1,110 2,373 1,018 1,073 285 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 752 928 44 105 1,096 Principal repayments (long-term) 474 517 3,246 1,206 700 460 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 466 515 707 1,170 671 455 Public Sector 466 515 707 1,170 671 455 of which: General Government 363 438 508 1,093 595 352 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 9 1 2,539 37 28 4 Interest payments (long-term) 676 613 666 667 652 688 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 483 407 427 575 558 591 Public Sector 483 407 427 575 558 591 of which: General Government 429 336 357 514 503 541 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 193 206 239 92 94 96 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 9,116 11,567 11,597 11,363 11,874 13,240 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 6,952 7,996 9,648 9,507 9,941 9,772 Official creditors 2,311 3,441 3,601 3,643 3,609 3,645 Multilateral 1,342 2,695 2,878 2,967 2,922 2,940 of which: World Bank 327 754 826 809 862 865 Bilateral 969 747 723 677 687 705 Private creditors 4,641 4,555 6,047 5,863 6,332 6,126 Bondholders 4,218 4,181 5,736 5,632 6,163 6,064 Commercial banks and others 423 373 311 232 169 62 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,164 3,571 1,949 1,856 1,932 3,468 Bondholders 2,130 2,750 1,175 1,175 1,175 1,175 Commercial banks and others 34 821 774 681 757 2,293 Use of IMF Credit 63 1,046 1,025 1,103 1,152 1,074 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. -126 25 113 -16 -53 Long-term 233 1,402 76 -109 484 929 Official creditors 13 117 178 51 -50 42 Multilateral 69 116 189 90 -49 18 of which: World Bank -34 -25 72 -16 53 3 Bilateral -56 1 -11 -39 -1 24 Private creditors 220 1,284 -102 -160 534 887 Bondholders 212 555 -20 -90 532 -99 Banks and other private 8 729 -82 -70 3 987 Short-term -259 23 45 110 62 296 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,322 582 925 928 888 775 Portfolio equity 0 138 72 33 251 181 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 173 300 305 299 284 268 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 80 104 104 105 103 108 Debt service to exports (%) 20 33 88 41 27 20 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 10 11 12 12 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 13 19 20 21 20 18 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 17 18 21 23 26 22 Gross national income (GNI) 13,118 13,487 13,631 13,395 14,280 15,097 79 JORDAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 13,969 24,283 25,739 27,239 30,151 32,045 Use of IMF Credit 54 1,593 2,070 1,820 1,500 981 Long-term external debt 5,319 11,802 13,362 14,950 17,718 19,553 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,126 9,689 10,995 12,635 15,258 16,482 Public Sector 4,978 9,594 10,910 12,559 15,189 16,448 of which: General Government 4,847 8,934 10,297 11,968 14,579 15,853 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 148 96 85 76 69 34 Private sector not guaranteed 193 2,113 2,367 2,314 2,460 3,071 Short-term external debt 8,596 10,888 10,307 10,470 10,933 11,511 Disbursements (long-term) 330 2,278 3,261 3,499 3,226 2,782 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 230 1,980 2,969 3,239 2,979 2,013 Public Sector 229 1,980 2,969 3,239 2,979 2,013 of which: General Government 188 1,890 2,958 3,230 2,934 1,884 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 100 297 292 259 247 769 Principal repayments (long-term) 2,430 911 1,601 1,652 670 760 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,412 875 1,537 1,577 572 602 Public Sector 2,410 866 1,529 1,569 564 595 of which: General Government 2,394 848 1,495 1,543 526 553 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 8 8 8 8 8 Private sector not guaranteed 19 37 64 75 98 158 Interest payments (long-term) 207 277 312 326 443 604 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 200 255 283 284 388 505 Public Sector 193 250 279 281 385 502 of which: General Government 187 231 258 260 365 481 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 7 4 4 4 3 3 Private sector not guaranteed 7 23 29 42 55 99 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 5,319 11,802 13,362 14,950 17,718 19,553 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,126 9,689 10,995 12,635 15,258 16,482 Official creditors 4,815 5,352 5,428 6,045 6,671 7,224 Multilateral 1,956 2,919 2,881 3,290 3,443 3,790 of which: World Bank 872 1,394 1,550 1,857 1,876 2,252 Bilateral 2,859 2,433 2,547 2,755 3,229 3,435 Private creditors 311 4,337 5,567 6,590 8,586 9,258 Bondholders 145 4,223 5,458 6,444 8,429 9,115 Commercial banks and others 166 114 109 147 157 143 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 193 2,113 2,367 2,314 2,460 3,071 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 193 2,113 2,367 2,314 2,460 3,071 Use of IMF Credit 54 1,593 2,070 1,820 1,500 981 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -59 389 552 -195 -416 -493 Long-term -2,100 1,366 1,660 1,846 2,556 2,022 Official creditors -2,116 126 201 636 422 736 Multilateral -27 123 6 428 95 371 of which: World Bank -47 251 155 308 19 376 Bilateral -2,089 3 196 209 327 365 Private creditors 16 1,240 1,459 1,210 2,134 1,286 Bondholders .. 986 1,236 986 1,986 686 Banks and other private 16 255 224 225 149 600 Short-term 1,152 14 -581 163 463 578 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,826 2,178 1,600 1,553 2,030 950 Portfolio equity 521 -31 15 334 -476 41 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 102 148 173 190 199 199 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 62 68 69 70 74 76 Debt service to exports (%) 21 8 14 17 12 14 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 62 45 40 38 36 36 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 14 12 11 12 11 12 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 61 63 59 51 .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 22,631 35,687 37,536 38,946 40,560 42,091 80 KAZAKHSTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 106,739 157,698 153,398 163,717 158,917 156,921 Use of IMF Credit 529 498 476 462 489 478 Long-term external debt 96,723 147,419 146,443 156,294 150,781 148,077 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,915 15,124 20,114 21,425 21,295 24,181 Public Sector 1,915 15,124 20,114 21,425 21,295 24,181 of which: General Government 1,607 7,997 13,001 14,071 13,806 14,652 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 94,808 132,295 126,329 134,869 129,486 123,896 Short-term external debt 9,487 9,781 6,478 6,961 7,647 8,365 Disbursements (long-term) 40,803 39,152 34,595 30,505 31,525 33,912 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 145 3,376 5,375 1,712 892 3,504 Public Sector 145 3,376 5,375 1,712 892 3,504 of which: General Government 117 3,364 5,375 1,454 243 1,447 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 40,658 35,776 29,220 28,793 30,632 30,408 Principal repayments (long-term) 29,012 27,854 31,267 17,415 24,529 29,807 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 131 459 326 418 1,042 581 Public Sector 131 459 326 418 1,042 581 of which: General Government 89 448 313 401 528 565 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 28,882 27,396 30,941 16,997 23,487 29,226 Interest payments (long-term) 4,106 2,981 3,468 2,668 3,185 3,518 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 67 406 526 801 859 902 Public Sector 67 406 526 801 859 902 of which: General Government 54 56 166 434 489 525 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 4,039 2,576 2,942 1,866 2,325 2,617 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 96,723 147,419 146,443 156,294 150,781 148,077 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,915 15,124 20,114 21,425 21,295 24,181 Official creditors 1,912 5,689 6,679 7,990 8,361 8,372 Multilateral 748 5,058 6,094 7,175 6,925 6,638 of which: World Bank 463 3,429 3,261 4,313 4,185 3,977 Bilateral 1,164 631 585 815 1,435 1,734 Private creditors 3 9,435 13,435 13,435 12,935 15,810 Bondholders .. 9,435 13,435 13,435 12,935 15,810 Commercial banks and others 3 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 94,808 132,295 126,329 134,869 129,486 123,896 Bondholders 24,125 13,682 6,683 6,273 9,272 7,908 Commercial banks and others 70,682 118,613 119,647 128,596 120,213 115,988 Use of IMF Credit 529 498 476 462 489 478 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 11,791 11,297 3,328 13,090 6,995 4,105 Official creditors 26 417 1,049 1,294 350 9 Multilateral 37 465 1,093 1,082 -250 -281 of which: World Bank 36 332 -168 1,053 -128 -208 Bilateral -11 -48 -44 212 600 290 Private creditors 11,765 10,880 2,280 11,796 6,645 4,096 Bondholders -310 6,101 -2,998 -482 1,499 2,797 Banks and other private 12,075 4,780 5,277 12,278 5,146 1,299 Short-term -2,043 217 -3,235 310 669 692 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 6,949 4,750 1,979 9,042 5,748 2,758 Portfolio equity -1,280 -135 6 -27 22 -1,520 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 133 179 288 374 282 226 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 94 79 88 132 110 106 Debt service to exports (%) 42 35 66 46 50 48 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9 6 4 4 5 5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 1 3 4 4 4 4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 17 14 13 12 11 11 Gross national income (GNI) 114,115 198,777 173,350 124,343 144,738 148,451 81 KENYA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 7,669 16,900 19,767 21,694 26,830 31,511 Use of IMF Credit 309 1,328 1,205 1,103 1,047 879 Long-term external debt 6,410 13,575 15,864 18,456 23,126 28,086 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,410 13,289 15,129 17,783 22,277 26,876 Public Sector 6,410 13,289 15,129 17,783 22,277 26,876 of which: General Government 5,992 12,910 14,734 17,286 21,717 26,117 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 286 735 673 849 1,210 Short-term external debt 950 1,997 2,698 2,134 2,657 2,546 Disbursements (long-term) 350 5,301 3,149 3,398 4,462 6,788 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 350 5,120 2,609 3,263 4,427 6,253 Public Sector 350 5,120 2,609 3,263 4,427 6,253 of which: General Government 336 5,100 2,574 3,148 4,340 6,022 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 181 540 135 34 535 Principal repayments (long-term) 289 971 435 532 711 1,534 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 289 961 344 336 570 1,366 Public Sector 289 961 344 336 570 1,366 of which: General Government 254 939 325 314 523 1,328 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 10 91 196 141 168 Interest payments (long-term) 91 294 364 492 695 1,018 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 91 288 350 450 644 964 Public Sector 91 288 350 450 644 964 of which: General Government 85 282 346 448 640 960 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 6 14 42 51 55 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 6,410 13,575 15,864 18,456 23,126 28,086 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 6,410 13,289 15,129 17,783 22,277 26,876 Official creditors 6,092 10,268 11,371 13,883 17,374 20,206 Multilateral 3,727 6,011 6,370 6,981 8,778 10,115 of which: World Bank 3,050 4,199 4,382 4,568 5,303 5,802 Bilateral 2,365 4,257 5,000 6,902 8,595 10,091 Private creditors 318 3,021 3,759 3,900 4,904 6,670 Bondholders .. 2,750 2,750 2,750 2,750 4,750 Commercial banks and others 318 271 1,009 1,150 2,154 1,920 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 286 735 673 849 1,210 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 286 735 673 849 1,210 Use of IMF Credit 309 1,328 1,205 1,103 1,047 879 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -11 -59 -66 -68 -119 -146 Long-term 61 4,330 2,714 2,866 3,751 5,254 Official creditors 70 2,029 1,507 2,775 2,896 3,093 Multilateral 150 777 615 813 1,421 1,510 of which: World Bank 104 470 365 334 455 631 Bilateral -81 1,252 893 1,962 1,476 1,583 Private creditors -9 2,301 1,207 91 854 2,161 Bondholders .. 2,750 .. .. .. 2,000 Banks and other private -9 -449 1,207 91 854 161 Short-term -26 -391 696 -593 457 -132 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 23 237 90 146 198 1,626 Portfolio equity 5 954 11 23 -112 -293 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 91 144 178 210 248 256 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 28 31 32 34 36 Debt service to exports (%) 5 12 8 11 15 23 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 12 14 10 10 8 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 49 36 32 32 33 32 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 38 47 38 35 27 26 Gross national income (GNI) 35,863 60,580 63,324 68,803 78,082 87,180 82 KOSOVO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 709.9 2,242.3 2,158.3 2,124.8 2,504.2 2,297.2 Use of IMF Credit 85.3 203.7 215.8 194.6 271.7 260.4 Long-term external debt 430.4 1,258.4 1,263.3 1,309.2 1,396.6 1,240.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 273.0 265.1 274.2 313.4 299.6 Public Sector .. 273.0 265.1 274.2 313.4 297.3 of which: General Government .. 261.5 248.0 239.8 263.2 249.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 Private sector not guaranteed 430.4 985.4 998.2 1,035.0 1,083.2 941.1 Short-term external debt 194.2 780.2 679.1 621.0 836.0 796.0 Disbursements (long-term) 160.6 76.0 111.3 193.1 196.1 220.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 22.2 33.3 36.5 24.7 20.3 Public Sector .. 22.2 33.3 36.5 24.7 18.0 of which: General Government .. 12.3 24.9 14.0 9.5 12.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. 2.4 Private sector not guaranteed 160.6 53.8 78.0 156.6 171.4 199.9 Principal repayments (long-term) 36.8 93.3 79.0 107.5 97.5 208.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 15.2 13.9 18.7 19.8 21.6 Public Sector .. 15.2 13.9 18.7 19.8 21.6 of which: General Government .. 15.2 12.4 14.9 15.1 16.1 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 36.8 78.1 65.2 88.8 77.6 187.0 Interest payments (long-term) 15.3 43.5 62.1 55.8 49.8 55.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 11.9 10.0 10.6 10.6 10.8 Public Sector .. 11.9 10.0 10.6 10.6 10.8 of which: General Government .. 11.6 9.3 9.6 9.2 9.2 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 15.3 31.7 52.2 45.2 39.2 44.5 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 430.4 1,258.4 1,263.3 1,309.2 1,396.6 1,240.7 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: .. 273.0 265.1 274.2 313.4 299.6 Official creditors .. 270.6 245.7 251.5 289.3 279.0 Multilateral .. 259.1 228.5 217.1 239.2 235.3 of which: World Bank .. 259.1 228.5 217.1 239.1 225.0 Bilateral .. 11.5 17.1 34.4 50.1 43.7 Private creditors .. 2.4 19.4 22.7 24.0 20.7 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 2.4 19.4 22.7 24.0 20.7 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 430.4 985.4 998.2 1,035.0 1,083.2 941.1 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 430.4 985.4 998.2 1,035.0 1,083.2 941.1 Use of IMF Credit 85.3 203.7 215.8 194.6 271.7 260.4 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. -14.3 21.1 -15.3 63.8 -5.0 Long-term 123.8 -17.3 32.3 85.6 98.6 11.7 Official creditors .. 4.3 1.9 13.7 6.5 1.1 Multilateral .. -5.6 -5.1 -5.0 -3.9 5.4 of which: World Bank .. -5.6 -5.1 -5.0 -4.0 -5.0 Bilateral .. 9.9 7.0 18.7 10.3 -4.3 Private creditors 123.8 -21.6 30.4 71.9 92.1 10.5 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 123.8 -21.6 30.4 71.9 92.1 10.5 Short-term 53.6 105.2 -101.0 -58.1 215.0 -40.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 407.9 154.0 253.3 202.2 299.7 245.7 Portfolio equity 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 62.1 114.9 130.0 116.0 112.7 95.9 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 12.0 29.7 33.0 31.2 33.7 28.5 Debt service to exports (%) 4.6 7.8 9.7 12.0 8.8 11.4 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 27.4 34.8 31.5 29.2 33.4 34.7 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 11.6 10.6 10.2 9.6 10.2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 131.4 34.9 35.7 30.0 32.7 38.4 Gross national income (GNI) 5,927.6 7,537.9 6,543.3 6,804.2 7,421.1 8,047.8 83 KYRGYZ REPUBLIC (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 3,628 7,296 7,564 7,950 8,168 8,120 Use of IMF Credit 295 308 306 302 321 285 Long-term external debt 2,942 6,675 6,906 7,286 7,491 7,375 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,963 3,261 3,445 3,627 3,918 3,685 Public Sector 1,963 3,261 3,445 3,627 3,918 3,685 of which: General Government 1,960 3,261 3,445 3,627 3,918 3,685 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 980 3,414 3,461 3,659 3,573 3,689 Short-term external debt 391 313 352 362 356 460 Disbursements (long-term) 880 951 615 800 791 654 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 53 502 321 349 292 150 Public Sector 53 502 321 349 292 150 of which: General Government 53 502 321 349 292 150 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 827 449 294 451 499 504 Principal repayments (long-term) 261 310 320 341 668 692 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 35 58 73 87 83 102 Public Sector 35 58 73 87 83 102 of which: General Government 33 58 73 87 83 102 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 225 252 247 253 585 590 Interest payments (long-term) 42 69 71 75 83 87 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 17 42 44 47 51 54 Public Sector 17 42 44 47 51 54 of which: General Government 17 42 44 47 51 54 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 24 28 27 28 32 33 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,942 6,675 6,906 7,286 7,491 7,375 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,963 3,261 3,445 3,627 3,918 3,685 Official creditors 1,963 3,261 3,445 3,627 3,918 3,685 Multilateral 1,290 1,383 1,370 1,372 1,477 1,474 of which: World Bank 655 672 652 631 667 660 Bilateral 672 1,878 2,075 2,256 2,440 2,211 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 980 3,414 3,461 3,659 3,573 3,689 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 980 3,414 3,461 3,659 3,573 3,689 Use of IMF Credit 295 308 306 302 321 285 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 19 -6 11 6 1 -29 Long-term 619 640 295 459 123 -38 Official creditors 18 444 248 262 209 49 Multilateral 23 47 47 37 22 32 of which: World Bank 9 17 9 -2 -1 8 Bilateral -5 398 201 225 187 16 Private creditors 601 196 47 198 -86 -86 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 601 196 47 198 -86 -86 Short-term 73 5 40 10 -6 104 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 178 355 890 446 -17 64 Portfolio equity 6 0 0 -1 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 133 220 308 327 314 307 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 74 102 118 123 111 103 Debt service to exports (%) 12 12 17 18 30 31 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11 4 5 5 4 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 36 19 18 17 18 18 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 32 25 22 23 23 21 Gross national income (GNI) 4,933 7,161 6,420 6,458 7,331 7,885 84 LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 5,653 9,640 11,642 13,535 14,651 15,588 Use of IMF Credit 35 73 70 68 72 70 Long-term external debt 5,469 8,743 10,873 12,745 13,834 15,113 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,202 5,601 6,689 7,313 8,374 9,161 Public Sector 3,202 5,601 6,689 7,313 8,374 9,161 of which: General Government 2,981 5,395 6,489 7,117 8,252 9,051 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,267 3,142 4,183 5,433 5,461 5,952 Short-term external debt 149 823 699 722 745 404 Disbursements (long-term) 813 1,819 2,517 2,308 1,332 1,949 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 231 765 1,384 968 1,156 1,338 Public Sector 231 765 1,384 968 1,156 1,338 of which: General Government 227 765 1,384 968 1,156 1,277 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 581 1,054 1,133 1,340 176 611 Principal repayments (long-term) 149 227 238 326 491 581 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 49 129 145 236 343 461 Public Sector 49 129 145 236 343 461 of which: General Government 45 124 140 231 269 389 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 100 98 92 91 148 120 Interest payments (long-term) 62 157 176 223 283 341 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 25 94 104 138 178 223 Public Sector 25 94 104 138 178 223 of which: General Government 24 93 103 138 176 222 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 37 63 72 85 105 118 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 5,469 8,743 10,873 12,745 13,834 15,113 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,202 5,601 6,689 7,313 8,374 9,161 Official creditors 3,202 5,282 5,759 6,105 6,705 7,326 Multilateral 1,998 1,659 1,546 1,478 1,600 1,577 of which: World Bank 685 556 511 493 582 588 Bilateral 1,204 3,622 4,214 4,627 5,106 5,749 Private creditors .. 320 930 1,208 1,669 1,835 Bondholders .. 300 838 1,082 1,484 1,596 Commercial banks and others .. 19 92 126 184 239 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,267 3,142 4,183 5,433 5,461 5,952 Bondholders .. 246 246 558 510 924 Commercial banks and others 2,267 2,896 3,937 4,874 4,951 5,028 Use of IMF Credit 35 73 70 68 72 70 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -4 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 664 1,592 2,280 1,982 841 1,368 Official creditors 182 466 624 447 413 707 Multilateral 41 -44 -44 -25 36 13 of which: World Bank 4 -21 -21 -4 60 19 Bilateral 141 510 668 472 376 694 Private creditors 482 1,126 1,655 1,534 429 661 Bondholders .. 403 538 560 309 521 Banks and other private 482 723 1,117 974 119 140 Short-term -19 21 -125 23 23 -341 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 228 868 1,078 935 1,693 1,320 Portfolio equity 0 4 0 -5 -34 2 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 371 232 252 260 254 245 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 109 76 85 89 92 90 Debt service to exports (%) 14 9 9 11 14 15 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 3 9 6 5 5 3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 35 17 13 11 11 10 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 11 9 9 6 8 6 Gross national income (GNI) 5,188 12,683 13,750 15,126 15,964 17,285 85 LEBANON (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 44,018 64,337 67,707 70,577 73,993 79,345 Use of IMF Credit 124 280 268 260 275 269 Long-term external debt 40,817 56,052 59,060 62,463 64,954 73,529 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 20,739 25,232 26,724 27,703 29,985 33,070 Public Sector 20,739 25,232 26,724 27,703 29,985 33,070 of which: General Government 20,739 25,232 26,724 27,703 29,985 33,070 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 20,078 30,820 32,336 34,760 34,969 40,459 Short-term external debt 3,077 8,006 8,379 7,854 8,764 5,547 Disbursements (long-term) 2,759 11,534 13,611 14,458 14,993 20,567 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,759 2,016 3,962 3,651 5,152 5,717 Public Sector 2,759 2,016 3,962 3,651 5,152 5,717 of which: General Government 2,759 2,016 3,962 3,651 5,152 5,717 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 9,517 9,648 10,807 9,841 14,851 Principal repayments (long-term) 2,917 9,905 10,420 11,169 12,685 11,951 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,857 2,285 2,288 2,627 3,031 2,590 Public Sector 2,857 2,285 2,288 2,627 3,031 2,590 of which: General Government 2,856 2,285 2,288 2,627 3,031 2,590 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 60 7,620 8,132 8,542 9,653 9,361 Interest payments (long-term) 1,443 3,400 3,472 3,658 3,843 4,265 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,403 1,665 1,623 1,718 1,760 2,150 Public Sector 1,403 1,665 1,623 1,718 1,760 2,150 of which: General Government 1,403 1,665 1,623 1,718 1,760 2,150 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 40 1,735 1,849 1,940 2,082 2,114 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 40,817 56,052 59,060 62,463 64,954 73,529 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 20,739 25,232 26,724 27,703 29,985 33,070 Official creditors 2,575 2,068 1,829 1,759 2,023 1,941 Multilateral 1,429 1,057 985 1,034 1,331 1,367 of which: World Bank 368 176 189 254 441 510 Bilateral 1,145 1,011 844 726 692 574 Private creditors 18,165 23,164 24,895 25,944 27,961 31,128 Bondholders 17,490 22,838 24,628 25,727 27,768 30,964 Commercial banks and others 675 326 266 217 193 164 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 20,078 30,820 32,336 34,760 34,969 40,459 Bondholders 470 700 700 500 300 600 Commercial banks and others 19,608 30,120 31,636 34,260 34,669 39,859 Use of IMF Credit 124 280 268 260 275 269 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 40 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term -158 1,629 3,190 3,289 2,308 8,617 Official creditors 85 150 -124 -43 177 -52 Multilateral -31 -115 -31 63 264 53 of which: World Bank -76 -33 13 67 186 70 Bilateral 115 265 -93 -106 -86 -105 Private creditors -242 1,478 3,314 3,332 2,131 8,669 Bondholders -233 -369 1,846 1,114 1,776 3,504 Banks and other private -9 1,848 1,468 2,218 355 5,164 Short-term -1,206 846 373 -525 909 -3,217 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 4,333 2,859 2,158 2,568 2,558 2,880 Portfolio equity 466 220 -1,002 -135 -290 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 177 302 310 331 343 349 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 148 135 137 140 139 145 Debt service to exports (%) 18 63 64 70 78 72 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 12 12 11 12 7 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 3 2 1 1 2 2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 46 61 57 61 59 51 Gross national income (GNI) 29,660 47,719 49,465 50,421 53,354 54,679 86 LESOTHO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 700.0 890.5 888.4 883.2 935.6 914.8 Use of IMF Credit 35.4 121.0 114.6 108.3 108.1 93.8 Long-term external debt 662.6 769.3 773.8 774.8 827.5 820.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 662.6 769.3 773.8 774.8 827.5 820.5 Public Sector 662.6 769.3 773.8 774.8 827.5 820.5 of which: General Government 652.0 764.4 773.4 774.1 826.4 818.2 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 2.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 Disbursements (long-term) 49.5 74.0 70.6 59.6 38.9 43.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 49.5 74.0 70.6 59.6 38.9 43.7 Public Sector 49.5 74.0 70.6 59.6 38.9 43.7 of which: General Government 49.5 73.8 70.4 59.3 38.5 42.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 24.5 28.5 31.3 40.2 33.2 31.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 24.5 28.5 31.3 40.2 33.2 31.6 Public Sector 24.5 28.5 31.3 40.2 33.2 31.6 of which: General Government 20.1 28.4 27.0 40.1 33.2 31.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 7.8 12.4 20.3 14.2 16.1 16.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7.8 12.4 20.3 14.2 16.1 16.9 Public Sector 7.8 12.4 20.3 14.2 16.1 16.9 of which: General Government 6.4 11.6 19.7 14.2 16.1 16.9 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 662.6 769.3 773.8 774.8 827.5 820.5 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 662.6 769.3 773.8 774.8 827.5 820.5 Official creditors 650.1 760.7 770.3 771.6 824.1 817.3 Multilateral 603.4 652.0 655.8 648.5 703.5 708.1 of which: World Bank 306.0 293.2 283.7 284.1 321.4 338.3 Bilateral 46.7 108.7 114.5 123.1 120.6 109.2 Private creditors 12.5 8.6 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.1 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 12.5 8.6 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.1 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 35.4 121.0 114.6 108.3 108.1 93.8 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -5.0 -1.6 -1.1 -3.0 -6.5 -11.9 Long-term 25.0 45.5 39.3 19.4 5.7 12.1 Official creditors 28.2 45.8 43.7 19.6 5.8 12.3 Multilateral 15.4 25.1 33.9 7.5 12.3 21.1 of which: World Bank 9.9 1.9 2.4 8.7 20.9 24.6 Bilateral 12.8 20.6 9.8 12.1 -6.4 -8.8 Private creditors -3.2 -0.3 -4.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -3.2 -0.3 -4.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 62.4 2.2 -40.4 -35.0 -34.0 -38.5 Portfolio equity 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 41.6 64.6 62.2 64.7 61.3 53.8 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 29.4 30.8 31.8 33.7 32.3 29.2 Debt service to exports (%) 2.2 3.1 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.6 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 86.2 73.2 73.8 73.4 75.2 77.4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 138.8 120.3 112.3 104.8 70.3 79.6 Gross national income (GNI) 2,384.2 2,893.2 2,789.7 2,623.2 2,896.3 3,130.2 87 LIBERIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 3,160.8 686.5 845.6 970.2 1,146.8 1,255.9 Use of IMF Credit 890.3 327.2 332.1 359.4 401.8 389.5 Long-term external debt 865.0 359.2 513.4 610.8 745.0 866.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 865.0 301.2 442.4 545.9 686.2 815.3 Public Sector 865.0 301.2 442.4 545.9 686.2 815.3 of which: General Government 837.2 301.2 442.4 545.9 686.2 815.3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 58.0 71.0 64.9 58.8 51.2 Short-term external debt 1,405.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Disbursements (long-term) 0.0 143.9 168.6 115.0 116.4 156.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0.0 85.9 152.6 115.0 116.4 156.8 Public Sector 0.0 85.9 152.6 115.0 116.4 156.8 of which: General Government 0.0 85.9 152.6 115.0 116.4 156.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 58.0 16.0 .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 37.5 5.6 5.4 7.7 6.8 21.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 37.5 5.6 2.4 1.6 0.6 14.2 Public Sector 37.5 5.6 2.4 1.6 0.6 14.2 of which: General Government 37.4 5.6 2.4 1.6 0.6 14.2 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 3.0 6.1 6.1 7.6 Interest payments (long-term) 69.0 8.6 3.9 4.3 5.8 8.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 69.0 8.6 2.7 3.1 4.9 7.6 Public Sector 69.0 8.6 2.7 3.1 4.9 7.6 of which: General Government 64.5 7.4 2.7 3.1 4.9 7.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 865.0 359.2 513.4 610.8 745.0 866.4 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 865.0 301.2 442.4 545.9 686.2 815.3 Official creditors 669.8 301.2 442.4 545.9 686.2 815.3 Multilateral 157.9 187.6 328.0 413.2 532.8 621.2 of which: World Bank 72.0 102.3 164.3 231.3 306.4 367.6 Bilateral 511.9 113.6 114.4 132.7 153.3 194.1 Private creditors 195.2 .. .. .. .. 0.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 195.2 .. .. .. .. 0.0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 58.0 71.0 64.9 58.8 51.2 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 58.0 71.0 64.9 58.8 51.2 Use of IMF Credit 890.3 327.2 332.1 359.4 401.8 389.5 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 528.5 57.1 19.4 38.5 20.5 -3.0 Long-term -37.5 138.3 163.2 107.3 109.6 134.9 Official creditors -37.5 80.3 150.2 113.4 115.7 142.6 Multilateral -37.5 81.7 150.1 95.0 95.8 99.7 of which: World Bank -4.3 48.9 67.2 74.3 59.6 69.3 Bilateral 0.0 -1.4 0.1 18.4 20.0 42.9 Private creditors .. 58.0 13.0 -6.1 -6.1 -7.6 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. 58.0 13.0 -6.1 -6.1 -7.6 Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 11.3 409.1 53.1 141.7 188.4 122.2 Portfolio equity 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 404.7 94.2 162.2 244.4 255.0 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 201.8 24.4 29.2 32.4 38.4 44.7 Debt service to exports (%) 119.7 2.4 8.7 3.1 2.8 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 44.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 5.0 27.3 38.8 42.6 46.5 49.5 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 5.1 72.7 61.8 54.6 41.4 .. Gross national income (GNI) 1,566.4 2,811.0 2,897.0 2,996.8 2,982.6 2,812.0 88 MADAGASCAR (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,533 2,962 3,007 2,976 3,382 3,716 Use of IMF Credit 129 267 281 301 440 465 Long-term external debt 1,791 2,410 2,522 2,470 2,765 2,980 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,770 2,404 2,509 2,465 2,735 2,888 Public Sector 1,767 2,404 2,509 2,465 2,735 2,888 of which: General Government 1,754 2,378 2,422 2,387 2,670 2,824 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 3 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 21 5 13 5 30 92 Short-term external debt 613 286 204 204 177 271 Disbursements (long-term) 345 243 323 133 271 349 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 342 243 323 133 245 283 Public Sector 342 243 323 133 245 283 of which: General Government 331 243 251 133 245 283 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3 .. .. .. 26 66 Principal repayments (long-term) 15 58 96 84 93 72 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15 56 95 76 92 72 Public Sector 14 56 95 76 92 72 of which: General Government 7 56 85 68 77 72 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1 1 1 8 1 .. Interest payments (long-term) 11 19 26 20 23 30 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 11 19 25 20 23 29 Public Sector 11 19 25 20 23 29 of which: General Government 10 19 25 20 22 29 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0 0 0 0 0 1 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,791 2,410 2,522 2,470 2,765 2,980 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,770 2,404 2,509 2,465 2,735 2,888 Official creditors 1,763 2,379 2,423 2,388 2,609 2,725 Multilateral 1,418 1,913 1,973 2,015 2,254 2,335 of which: World Bank 1,066 1,366 1,412 1,433 1,595 1,648 Bilateral 345 466 451 373 356 390 Private creditors 7 25 86 77 126 163 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 7 25 86 77 126 163 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 21 5 13 5 30 92 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 21 5 13 5 30 92 Use of IMF Credit 129 267 281 301 440 465 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 59 27 26 29 118 36 Long-term 330 185 227 49 178 277 Official creditors 327 187 166 65 110 171 Multilateral 293 161 133 94 133 131 of which: World Bank 210 118 106 65 77 93 Bilateral 34 26 33 -30 -23 40 Private creditors 3 -1 61 -15 68 106 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 3 -1 61 -15 68 106 Short-term -186 -50 -74 26 -26 94 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 78 38 20 31 30 36 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 95 84 96 88 82 84 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 27 29 32 31 30 32 Debt service to exports (%) 1 3 4 4 3 3 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 24 10 7 7 5 7 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 56 65 66 68 67 63 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 39 26 28 40 47 47 Gross national income (GNI) 9,363 10,374 9,368 9,551 11,112 11,702 89 MALAWI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 994.6 1,666.4 1,721.1 1,849.7 2,183.6 2,266.0 Use of IMF Credit 141.6 272.5 254.7 295.9 318.9 314.1 Long-term external debt 769.0 1,372.4 1,453.8 1,509.8 1,811.1 1,928.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 769.0 1,372.4 1,453.8 1,509.8 1,811.1 1,928.9 Public Sector 769.0 1,372.4 1,453.8 1,509.8 1,811.1 1,928.9 of which: General Government 769.0 1,353.0 1,438.1 1,495.7 1,796.0 1,914.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 84.0 21.5 12.7 44.0 53.7 23.0 Disbursements (long-term) 65.6 213.0 175.3 137.6 256.2 185.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 65.6 213.0 175.3 137.6 256.2 185.6 Public Sector 65.6 213.0 175.3 137.6 256.2 185.6 of which: General Government 65.6 211.5 175.3 137.6 256.2 185.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 16.7 26.1 30.3 32.8 32.7 27.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16.7 26.1 30.3 32.8 32.7 27.0 Public Sector 16.7 26.1 30.3 32.8 32.7 27.0 of which: General Government 16.7 23.2 28.4 31.7 31.8 27.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 14.9 15.8 15.6 17.0 15.7 16.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14.9 15.8 15.6 17.0 15.7 16.0 Public Sector 14.9 15.8 15.6 17.0 15.7 16.0 of which: General Government 14.9 15.3 15.3 16.7 15.7 16.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 769.0 1,372.4 1,453.8 1,509.8 1,811.1 1,928.9 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 769.0 1,372.4 1,453.8 1,509.8 1,811.1 1,928.9 Official creditors 763.4 1,370.3 1,453.8 1,509.8 1,811.1 1,928.9 Multilateral 486.3 933.9 1,012.9 1,090.6 1,390.6 1,495.4 of which: World Bank 187.7 501.4 588.2 642.2 862.2 916.7 Bilateral 277.1 436.4 440.9 419.1 420.4 433.5 Private creditors 5.6 2.1 0.0 .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 5.6 2.1 0.0 .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 141.6 272.5 254.7 295.9 318.9 314.1 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 97.0 -5.5 -6.1 50.5 5.3 2.7 Long-term 48.9 186.9 145.0 104.8 223.5 158.6 Official creditors 49.0 190.0 147.0 104.8 223.5 158.6 Multilateral 55.3 155.5 126.4 110.6 237.3 137.8 of which: World Bank 11.9 114.6 111.6 75.8 180.3 78.4 Bilateral -6.3 34.5 20.6 -5.8 -13.7 20.8 Private creditors -0.1 -3.1 -1.9 .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -0.1 -3.1 -1.9 .. .. .. Short-term 23.0 0.0 -8.3 31.3 5.0 -26.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 145.9 378.3 279.2 194.0 154.1 101.6 Portfolio equity -1.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 96.9 101.3 111.0 151.5 174.8 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 18.8 28.3 27.8 34.3 34.8 32.2 Debt service to exports (%) 3.1 4.1 4.5 6.2 5.7 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8.4 1.3 0.7 2.4 2.5 1.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 48.9 56.0 58.9 59.0 63.7 66.0 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 24.4 36.0 39.4 32.9 35.3 33.5 Gross national income (GNI) 5,298.6 5,887.2 6,200.0 5,389.7 6,279.4 7,045.7 90 MALDIVES (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 1,147 1,098 1,009 1,196 1,460 2,332 Use of IMF Credit 4 15 13 12 12 11 Long-term external debt 678 936 838 1,054 1,336 2,058 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 470 747 685 937 1,249 2,003 Public Sector 452 747 685 937 1,249 1,949 of which: General Government 436 705 654 760 1,078 1,320 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 18 0 .. 0 0 54 Private sector not guaranteed 209 189 153 117 87 55 Short-term external debt 465 146 157 130 111 263 Disbursements (long-term) 145 209 48 356 377 1,013 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 100 59 48 356 377 1,013 Public Sector 100 59 48 356 377 958 of which: General Government 99 59 42 199 350 333 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 0 .. .. .. 54 Private sector not guaranteed 45 150 .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 62 158 118 119 139 275 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 38 155 81 83 102 238 Public Sector 35 152 81 83 102 238 of which: General Government 34 61 65 72 68 71 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 3 3 .. .. .. 0 Private sector not guaranteed 24 2 36 36 36 37 Interest payments (long-term) 19 11 15 16 17 57 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 12 11 14 14 16 55 Public Sector 11 11 14 14 16 54 of which: General Government 10 11 12 12 12 31 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 0 .. .. .. 1 Private sector not guaranteed 7 1 1 1 2 2 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 678 936 838 1,054 1,336 2,058 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 470 747 685 937 1,249 2,003 Official creditors 372 687 625 891 949 1,537 Multilateral 273 287 269 253 276 339 of which: World Bank 79 99 93 88 90 85 Bilateral 99 400 356 639 673 1,198 Private creditors 98 60 60 46 300 466 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 250 350 Commercial banks and others 98 60 60 46 50 116 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 209 189 153 117 87 55 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 209 189 153 117 87 55 Use of IMF Credit 4 15 13 12 12 11 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -2 -6 -1 -1 -1 -1 Long-term 83 51 -69 236 239 738 Official creditors 33 -93 -38 286 24 608 Multilateral 21 -4 -9 -9 8 69 of which: World Bank 3 -2 -2 -2 -2 -3 Bilateral 12 -89 -29 295 17 539 Private creditors 50 144 -32 -50 214 130 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 250 100 Banks and other private 50 144 -32 -50 -36 30 Short-term 333 60 12 -26 -18 126 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 181 333 298 457 493 552 Portfolio equity 14 -1 2 -1 -1 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 58 33 32 38 44 63 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 58 33 27 29 33 48 Debt service to exports (%) 5 5 4 4 5 9 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 40 13 16 11 8 11 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 24 26 27 21 19 15 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 21 57 57 40 41 31 Gross national income (GNI) 1,990 3,342 3,777 4,061 4,464 4,861 91 MALI (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,055 3,458 3,692 3,789 4,375 4,896 Use of IMF Credit 65 264 256 288 334 441 Long-term external debt 1,984 3,137 3,354 3,420 3,947 4,344 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,984 3,137 3,354 3,420 3,947 4,344 Public Sector 1,984 3,137 3,354 3,420 3,947 4,344 of which: General Government 1,978 3,135 3,352 3,419 3,945 4,342 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 7 57 82 80 94 111 Disbursements (long-term) 234 304 453 244 386 708 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 234 304 453 244 386 708 Public Sector 234 304 453 244 386 708 of which: General Government 234 304 453 244 386 708 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 44 65 65 72 99 187 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 44 65 65 72 99 187 Public Sector 44 65 65 72 99 187 of which: General Government 43 65 65 71 99 187 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 25 26 33 36 37 46 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 25 26 33 36 37 46 Public Sector 25 26 33 36 37 46 of which: General Government 24 26 33 36 37 46 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,984 3,137 3,354 3,420 3,947 4,344 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,984 3,137 3,354 3,420 3,947 4,344 Official creditors 1,979 3,135 3,354 3,420 3,946 4,344 Multilateral 1,148 2,388 2,490 2,505 2,936 3,228 of which: World Bank 534 1,232 1,349 1,364 1,574 1,682 Bilateral 831 747 863 915 1,011 1,116 Private creditors 5 1 1 0 0 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 5 1 1 0 0 0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 65 264 256 288 334 441 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 28 4 3 41 28 116 Long-term 190 239 389 173 287 521 Official creditors 191 240 389 173 287 521 Multilateral 196 160 236 87 234 383 of which: World Bank 87 105 172 57 123 149 Bilateral -5 79 153 86 52 138 Private creditors -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 Short-term 0 -13 23 -3 12 19 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 268 121 92 237 365 366 Portfolio equity -3 2 4 5 2 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 77 104 114 112 124 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 25 29 28 29 29 Debt service to exports (%) 3 3 3 4 4 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 2 2 2 2 2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 56 69 67 66 67 66 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 52 25 17 .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 9,528 13,962 12,804 13,636 15,006 16,616 92 MAURITANIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,855 4,365 4,647 4,786 4,968 4,984 Use of IMF Credit 31 210 196 180 200 221 Long-term external debt 1,674 3,129 3,364 3,570 3,728 3,710 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,674 3,129 3,364 3,570 3,728 3,710 Public Sector 1,674 3,129 3,364 3,570 3,728 3,710 of which: General Government 1,395 2,569 2,789 3,058 3,268 3,308 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 1,150 1,026 1,087 1,036 1,040 1,053 Disbursements (long-term) 296 311 463 420 235 266 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 296 311 463 420 235 266 Public Sector 296 311 463 420 235 266 of which: General Government 234 289 383 420 235 266 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 38 155 125 150 189 233 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 38 155 125 150 189 233 Public Sector 38 155 125 150 189 233 of which: General Government 13 73 62 89 130 177 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 21 62 86 62 68 71 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21 62 86 62 68 71 Public Sector 21 62 86 62 68 71 of which: General Government 14 38 41 42 49 53 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,674 3,129 3,364 3,570 3,728 3,710 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,674 3,129 3,364 3,570 3,728 3,710 Official creditors 1,660 3,129 3,364 3,570 3,728 3,710 Multilateral 926 1,777 1,880 2,069 2,192 2,159 of which: World Bank 243 379 369 366 390 382 Bilateral 734 1,352 1,485 1,501 1,536 1,551 Private creditors 14 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 14 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 31 210 196 180 200 221 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 3 -3 -4 -10 9 26 Long-term 258 156 339 269 46 33 Official creditors 265 156 339 269 46 33 Multilateral 136 196 163 225 52 -4 of which: World Bank 43 9 6 9 2 2 Bilateral 129 -40 176 45 -6 37 Private creditors -6 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -6 .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 40 -22 63 -50 4 13 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 343 503 502 271 588 71 Portfolio equity .. 0 0 .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 139 195 271 277 243 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 71 85 100 104 101 93 Debt service to exports (%) 3 10 13 13 13 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 40 24 23 22 21 21 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 32 41 40 43 44 43 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 7 14 17 17 17 18 Gross national income (GNI) 4,008 5,121 4,652 4,612 4,897 5,333 93 MAURITIUS (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 6,515 12,769 10,312 10,454 10,637 11,207 Use of IMF Credit 24 140 134 130 138 135 Long-term external debt 6,491 7,296 5,439 5,707 5,314 6,279 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 597 1,812 1,718 1,628 1,547 1,430 Public Sector 597 1,812 1,718 1,628 1,547 1,430 of which: General Government 396 1,460 1,371 1,320 1,273 1,151 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 5,893 5,484 3,721 4,079 3,766 4,849 Short-term external debt 0 5,332 4,738 4,617 5,186 4,794 Disbursements (long-term) 2,116 3,881 2,199 1,830 2,152 3,846 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 88 275 75 74 71 63 Public Sector 88 275 75 74 71 63 of which: General Government 80 245 50 73 70 18 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,028 3,606 2,124 1,756 2,081 3,782 Principal repayments (long-term) 1,266 5,861 3,979 1,510 2,637 2,845 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 111 109 92 111 243 146 Public Sector 111 109 92 111 243 146 of which: General Government 35 94 68 73 204 106 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,156 5,752 3,887 1,398 2,394 2,699 Interest payments (long-term) 55 298 228 205 197 297 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 25 29 27 27 30 28 Public Sector 25 29 27 27 30 28 of which: General Government 12 22 19 20 21 22 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 30 269 201 178 167 269 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 6,491 7,296 5,439 5,707 5,314 6,279 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 597 1,812 1,718 1,628 1,547 1,430 Official creditors 501 1,767 1,685 1,601 1,522 1,411 Multilateral 270 959 890 877 815 757 of which: World Bank 111 324 294 271 263 231 Bilateral 231 809 795 724 706 654 Private creditors 96 45 34 28 26 19 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 96 45 34 28 26 19 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 5,893 5,484 3,721 4,079 3,766 4,849 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 5,893 5,484 3,721 4,079 3,766 4,849 Use of IMF Credit 24 140 134 130 138 135 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 849 -1,981 -1,780 320 -485 1,000 Official creditors 5 176 -10 -33 -167 -77 Multilateral 21 118 -37 8 -108 -42 of which: World Bank 20 1 -24 -8 -26 -25 Bilateral -17 57 27 -41 -59 -34 Private creditors 845 -2,156 -1,770 353 -318 1,077 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 845 -2,156 -1,770 353 -318 1,077 Short-term .. 2,429 -594 -123 568 -389 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 378 456 216 379 443 372 Portfolio equity 34 -1,191 1,417 -3,781 3,306 -2,269 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 113 89 79 75 62 81 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 64 93 81 79 73 72 Debt service to exports (%) 23 43 33 13 17 23 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 42 46 44 49 43 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 4 8 9 8 8 7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 27 28 38 43 51 52 Gross national income (GNI) 10,163 13,796 12,684 13,230 14,588 15,615 94 MEXICO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 197,672 442,414 426,905 422,601 441,577 452,991 Use of IMF Credit 447 4,131 3,951 3,833 4,060 3,965 Long-term external debt 173,047 346,355 352,699 364,970 385,081 387,931 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 128,375 247,441 259,350 266,767 286,638 295,042 Public Sector 128,375 247,441 259,350 266,767 286,438 294,842 of which: General Government 53,426 181,082 180,944 176,253 185,818 191,327 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 .. .. 0 200 200 Private sector not guaranteed 44,672 98,914 93,349 98,203 98,443 92,888 Short-term external debt 24,178 91,928 70,255 53,798 52,435 61,095 Disbursements (long-term) 33,704 67,150 49,797 60,841 59,293 37,523 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 24,746 41,539 27,847 40,966 34,930 25,469 Public Sector 24,746 41,539 27,847 40,966 34,730 25,469 of which: General Government 5,782 28,727 9,703 12,805 13,424 8,417 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. 200 0 Private sector not guaranteed 8,958 25,610 21,950 19,875 24,364 12,054 Principal repayments (long-term) 24,602 29,394 31,756 59,129 38,062 32,418 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14,867 9,001 11,704 28,382 17,513 14,906 Public Sector 14,865 9,001 11,704 28,382 17,513 14,906 of which: General Government 6,574 3,084 6,479 12,933 4,769 1,498 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 2 .. .. 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 9,735 20,393 20,052 30,747 20,550 17,512 Interest payments (long-term) 9,975 15,294 18,789 17,302 24,909 22,874 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7,176 10,277 14,474 12,297 18,562 15,726 Public Sector 7,176 10,277 14,474 12,297 18,561 15,720 of which: General Government 4,127 7,555 11,533 8,885 14,347 10,923 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. 0 2 6 Private sector not guaranteed 2,799 5,017 4,315 5,005 6,347 7,148 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 173,047 346,355 352,699 364,970 385,081 387,931 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 128,375 247,441 259,350 266,767 286,638 295,042 Official creditors 12,426 32,074 31,604 31,152 32,718 32,489 Multilateral 10,658 28,003 28,068 27,923 29,302 29,680 of which: World Bank 5,867 14,874 14,748 14,656 14,887 14,611 Bilateral 1,768 4,071 3,536 3,230 3,416 2,809 Private creditors 115,949 215,367 227,746 235,615 253,920 262,554 Bondholders 92,655 184,210 195,362 208,310 225,580 237,164 Commercial banks and others 23,294 31,157 32,383 27,304 28,341 25,390 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 44,672 98,914 93,349 98,203 98,443 92,888 Bondholders 19,848 84,752 77,863 78,753 80,120 74,589 Commercial banks and others 24,824 14,163 15,486 19,450 18,323 18,299 Use of IMF Credit 447 4,131 3,951 3,833 4,060 3,965 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 9,102 37,756 18,041 1,712 21,231 5,105 Official creditors 1,299 1,130 244 -39 1,326 -271 Multilateral 1,490 982 679 236 1,300 273 of which: World Bank 1,343 -73 15 27 178 -278 Bilateral -191 148 -435 -275 26 -544 Private creditors 7,803 36,626 17,797 1,751 19,905 5,376 Bondholders 5,230 38,605 16,804 15,653 20,058 7,974 Banks and other private 2,573 -1,979 993 -13,902 -153 -2,598 Short-term -3,184 -584 -21,672 -16,457 -1,363 8,660 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 22,314 23,526 25,905 20,962 22,662 23,635 Portfolio equity -3,492 4,834 3,601 9,477 10,320 2,421 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 62 103 104 104 99 92 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 18 34 37 40 39 38 Debt service to exports (%) 11 12 13 19 15 12 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 21 16 13 12 13 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 5 6 7 7 7 7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 48 43 41 41 39 38 Gross national income (GNI) 1,094,332 1,284,076 1,141,656 1,050,035 1,130,782 1,191,532 95 MOLDOVA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 3,724 5,851 6,107 6,235 6,988 7,296 Use of IMF Credit 347 699 628 574 562 496 Long-term external debt 2,019 3,677 4,255 4,313 4,756 4,891 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 805 1,027 1,072 1,212 1,442 1,450 Public Sector 805 1,027 1,072 1,212 1,442 1,450 of which: General Government 786 1,015 1,066 1,209 1,437 1,442 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,214 2,650 3,183 3,101 3,315 3,441 Short-term external debt 1,358 1,475 1,224 1,348 1,670 1,910 Disbursements (long-term) 484 440 312 381 596 551 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 53 165 139 207 183 138 Public Sector 53 165 139 207 183 138 of which: General Government 43 162 139 207 180 134 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 432 276 173 174 413 413 Principal repayments (long-term) 391 456 312 265 249 375 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 44 61 41 37 50 89 Public Sector 44 61 41 37 50 89 of which: General Government 41 54 35 34 48 88 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 347 394 271 229 200 286 Interest payments (long-term) 56 64 43 61 55 67 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 17 17 15 15 20 22 Public Sector 17 17 15 15 20 22 of which: General Government 16 16 14 15 20 22 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 39 47 28 45 35 44 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,019 3,677 4,255 4,313 4,756 4,891 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 805 1,027 1,072 1,212 1,442 1,450 Official creditors 790 1,001 1,050 1,189 1,417 1,425 Multilateral 504 847 876 960 1,086 1,152 of which: World Bank 440 564 570 634 696 712 Bilateral 286 154 173 229 331 273 Private creditors 15 26 22 23 25 25 Bondholders 6 .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 8 26 22 23 25 25 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,214 2,650 3,183 3,101 3,315 3,441 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,214 2,650 3,183 3,101 3,315 3,441 Use of IMF Credit 347 699 628 574 562 496 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 11 -29 -41 -37 -44 -54 Long-term 94 -15 1 116 347 175 Official creditors 18 104 100 169 134 48 Multilateral 30 110 79 111 51 100 of which: World Bank 5 30 29 81 28 31 Bilateral -13 -6 22 58 83 -52 Private creditors 76 -119 -100 -53 213 127 Bondholders -6 .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 83 -119 -100 -53 213 127 Short-term 277 -358 -272 130 342 237 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 540 171 167 135 66 133 Portfolio equity 11 6 4 0 0 -1 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 122 144 185 186 175 165 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 56 57 75 73 68 61 Debt service to exports (%) 17 14 13 13 11 13 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 36 25 20 22 24 26 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 14 14 14 15 16 16 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 45 37 29 35 40 41 Gross national income (GNI) 6,649 10,333 8,195 8,526 10,226 11,899 96 MONGOLIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,184 21,191 21,940 25,740 28,773 29,377 Use of IMF Credit 95 73 68 66 189 287 Long-term external debt 2,019 18,743 19,437 23,086 25,422 25,992 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,657 3,863 3,993 5,120 7,492 7,856 Public Sector 1,657 3,863 3,993 5,120 7,492 7,856 of which: General Government 1,564 3,855 3,986 5,114 7,486 7,850 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 362 14,881 15,444 17,965 17,929 18,135 Short-term external debt 70 2,374 2,435 2,589 3,163 3,098 Disbursements (long-term) 435 2,128 2,066 5,102 3,976 8,107 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 75 249 258 1,186 2,327 1,058 Public Sector 75 249 258 1,186 2,327 1,058 of which: General Government 75 249 258 1,186 2,327 1,058 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 360 1,879 1,808 3,916 1,649 7,048 Principal repayments (long-term) 41 872 1,323 939 2,928 6,919 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 40 63 61 84 68 675 Public Sector 40 63 61 84 68 675 of which: General Government 40 62 61 83 68 674 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1 809 1,262 855 2,860 6,244 Interest payments (long-term) 30 385 464 471 862 1,026 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 24 98 95 112 217 244 Public Sector 24 98 95 112 217 244 of which: General Government 18 98 95 112 217 244 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 6 287 369 358 644 782 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,019 18,743 19,437 23,086 25,422 25,992 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,657 3,863 3,993 5,120 7,492 7,856 Official creditors 1,571 2,360 2,480 2,846 3,801 4,214 Multilateral 964 1,094 1,152 1,205 1,644 1,875 of which: World Bank 338 450 434 423 579 570 Bilateral 607 1,266 1,328 1,641 2,157 2,339 Private creditors 86 1,503 1,513 2,275 3,691 3,642 Bondholders 75 1,500 1,500 2,000 3,400 3,400 Commercial banks and others 11 3 13 275 291 242 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 362 14,881 15,444 17,965 17,929 18,135 Bondholders .. 919 1,119 1,119 1,100 500 Commercial banks and others 362 13,962 14,325 16,846 16,829 17,635 Use of IMF Credit 95 73 68 66 189 287 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -5 -61 -3 .. 116 104 Long-term 394 1,256 743 4,163 1,049 1,188 Official creditors 38 189 186 339 848 430 Multilateral 28 23 106 85 377 260 of which: World Bank 10 6 4 2 130 5 Bilateral 10 166 80 254 472 170 Private creditors 357 1,067 557 3,824 201 757 Bondholders .. 19 200 500 781 0 Banks and other private 357 1,048 357 3,324 -581 757 Short-term 12 815 61 154 574 -64 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 828 -26 95 -399 828 799 Portfolio equity 13 -3 0 4 -10 -7 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 72 345 422 454 418 370 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 40 189 203 251 293 254 Debt service to exports (%) 3 22 35 26 56 102 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 3 11 11 10 11 11 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 44 5 5 5 6 6 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 26 7 6 5 10 9 Gross national income (GNI) 5,450 11,233 10,786 10,265 9,825 11,571 97 MONTENEGRO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 1,502 6,575 6,219 6,253 7,510 7,860 Use of IMF Credit 40 37 36 35 37 36 Long-term external debt 860 6,257 5,948 6,075 7,327 7,708 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 851 2,360 2,549 2,420 2,970 3,422 Public Sector 851 2,273 2,486 2,372 2,927 3,396 of which: General Government 619 1,923 2,182 2,081 2,637 3,142 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 87 63 49 44 26 Private sector not guaranteed 9 3,897 3,399 3,655 4,356 4,286 Short-term external debt 602 280 235 143 146 116 Disbursements (long-term) 64 1,012 1,051 1,391 1,935 1,958 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 60 509 805 414 456 1,164 Public Sector 60 509 805 414 456 1,164 of which: General Government 39 457 796 384 438 1,144 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 4 503 246 977 1,479 794 Principal repayments (long-term) 28 988 1,125 1,093 992 1,449 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 25 176 388 375 197 591 Public Sector 25 161 373 362 186 575 of which: General Government 17 124 340 327 142 527 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 15 15 13 11 17 Private sector not guaranteed 3 812 737 718 795 858 Interest payments (long-term) 28 148 150 172 219 267 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 27 94 87 88 97 104 Public Sector 27 91 85 86 95 102 of which: General Government 21 80 77 78 87 94 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 4 2 2 2 1 Private sector not guaranteed 0 53 63 84 122 163 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 860 6,257 5,948 6,075 7,327 7,708 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 851 2,360 2,549 2,420 2,970 3,422 Official creditors 836 1,079 1,131 1,092 1,324 1,445 Multilateral 556 728 627 593 626 567 of which: World Bank 340 354 306 280 290 261 Bilateral 281 351 504 500 698 878 Private creditors 15 1,281 1,418 1,328 1,646 1,976 Bondholders .. 786 1,043 1,138 1,295 1,394 Commercial banks and others 15 495 375 190 351 582 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 9 3,897 3,399 3,655 4,356 4,286 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 9 3,897 3,399 3,655 4,356 4,286 Use of IMF Credit 40 37 36 35 37 36 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 36 24 -73 298 943 509 Official creditors 36 -3 144 -12 132 156 Multilateral 23 -17 -32 -14 -44 -33 of which: World Bank 5 -12 -15 -17 -26 -18 Bilateral 13 14 176 2 175 188 Private creditors 0 27 -217 310 811 353 Bondholders .. 360 344 135 0 163 Banks and other private 0 -333 -561 175 811 191 Short-term 197 -236 -45 -92 2 -30 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 623 272 465 91 386 343 Portfolio equity -6 16 10 17 14 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 73 307 313 302 322 291 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 33 141 150 142 152 142 Debt service to exports (%) 3 53 64 61 52 64 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 40 4 4 2 2 1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 37 11 10 9 8 7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 29 10 12 14 14 16 Gross national income (GNI) 4,613 4,649 4,142 4,412 4,943 5,518 98 MOROCCO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 21,005 42,875 43,070 46,375 49,796 49,029 Use of IMF Credit 132 813 778 755 800 781 Long-term external debt 19,242 34,455 35,425 36,698 41,469 40,803 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16,586 29,883 29,810 30,209 33,358 32,103 Public Sector 16,577 29,883 29,810 30,209 33,358 32,103 of which: General Government 9,537 18,644 17,893 18,540 20,451 19,536 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 9 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,656 4,572 5,615 6,489 8,111 8,700 Short-term external debt 1,631 7,607 6,867 8,923 7,527 7,446 Disbursements (long-term) 4,554 8,327 6,080 4,633 4,482 3,117 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,093 6,239 3,730 3,040 2,969 1,655 Public Sector 3,093 6,239 3,730 3,040 2,969 1,655 of which: General Government 1,832 2,998 1,722 2,119 1,831 880 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,461 2,087 2,350 1,593 1,513 1,462 Principal repayments (long-term) 3,456 3,711 2,456 2,623 2,760 2,693 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,800 1,871 1,652 2,067 2,352 2,010 Public Sector 1,797 1,871 1,652 2,067 2,352 2,010 of which: General Government 1,277 1,138 1,035 1,076 1,610 1,197 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 3 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,656 1,841 804 557 408 682 Interest payments (long-term) 710 966 981 964 958 1,031 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 656 904 872 870 870 876 Public Sector 655 904 872 870 870 876 of which: General Government 406 559 470 461 470 464 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 54 62 110 94 88 155 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 19,242 34,455 35,425 36,698 41,469 40,803 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 16,586 29,883 29,810 30,209 33,358 32,103 Official creditors 14,591 20,818 20,105 20,831 24,122 23,075 Multilateral 8,624 13,402 12,965 13,392 15,956 15,483 of which: World Bank 2,604 4,026 4,155 4,565 5,560 5,529 Bilateral 5,967 7,416 7,140 7,439 8,167 7,592 Private creditors 1,994 9,065 9,704 9,378 9,236 9,028 Bondholders 0 5,314 5,189 5,154 5,299 5,245 Commercial banks and others 1,994 3,751 4,516 4,224 3,937 3,783 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,656 4,572 5,615 6,489 8,111 8,700 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 2,656 4,572 5,615 6,489 8,111 8,700 Use of IMF Credit 132 813 778 755 800 781 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 1,098 4,615 3,624 2,009 1,722 425 Official creditors 1,753 1,101 929 1,164 1,299 -332 Multilateral 937 630 717 751 1,208 38 of which: World Bank -25 277 529 521 532 146 Bilateral 817 472 212 413 91 -370 Private creditors -656 3,514 2,695 845 423 757 Bondholders -589 1,850 0 0 0 0 Banks and other private -67 1,664 2,695 845 423 757 Short-term -288 2,256 -740 2,055 -1,395 -82 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,423 3,134 2,240 1,626 1,952 3,008 Portfolio equity 148 .. .. -26 -33 -184 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 66 117 127 132 126 112 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 40 43 46 46 42 Debt service to exports (%) 13 13 10 11 10 9 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8 18 16 19 15 15 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 41 31 30 29 32 32 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 105 45 51 52 51 48 Gross national income (GNI) 92,311 107,503 99,245 101,427 107,331 116,111 99 MOZAMBIQUE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 5,580 13,051 13,863 13,851 15,198 15,218 Use of IMF Credit 183 327 399 355 343 303 Long-term external debt 4,816 12,285 12,665 12,919 13,765 13,683 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,874 9,614 9,940 10,131 10,924 11,058 Public Sector 2,874 9,614 9,940 10,131 10,924 11,058 of which: General Government 2,783 7,547 7,986 8,411 9,309 9,562 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,942 2,671 2,725 2,788 2,840 2,626 Short-term external debt 581 439 799 577 1,090 1,231 Disbursements (long-term) 661 2,661 1,066 891 1,653 2,336 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 405 1,782 890 771 733 668 Public Sector 405 1,782 890 771 733 668 of which: General Government 395 1,257 890 771 733 668 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 256 879 176 120 920 1,668 Principal repayments (long-term) 373 428 391 351 1,169 582 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14 139 269 295 300 368 Public Sector 14 139 269 295 300 368 of which: General Government 14 114 160 186 191 250 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 359 290 122 57 868 214 Interest payments (long-term) 227 195 207 155 140 170 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 20 132 156 112 121 157 Public Sector 20 132 156 112 121 157 of which: General Government 20 87 98 107 118 153 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 207 62 51 43 20 13 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 4,816 12,285 12,665 12,919 13,765 13,683 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,874 9,614 9,940 10,131 10,924 11,058 Official creditors 2,867 7,347 7,735 8,148 9,019 9,238 Multilateral 1,664 3,377 3,591 3,725 4,085 4,224 of which: World Bank 1,149 2,285 2,461 2,555 2,822 2,904 Bilateral 1,203 3,970 4,145 4,423 4,935 5,013 Private creditors 7 2,267 2,205 1,983 1,905 1,820 Bondholders .. 850 850 727 727 727 Commercial banks and others 7 1,417 1,355 1,256 1,178 1,094 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,942 2,671 2,725 2,788 2,840 2,626 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,942 2,671 2,725 2,788 2,840 2,626 Use of IMF Credit 183 327 399 355 343 303 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 0 -3 87 -33 -32 -32 Long-term 288 2,232 675 540 484 1,753 Official creditors 392 1,099 660 569 536 373 Multilateral 342 298 349 226 162 231 of which: World Bank 254 240 280 174 113 153 Bilateral 50 801 312 343 374 142 Private creditors -103 1,133 14 -29 -52 1,380 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -103 1,133 14 -29 -52 1,380 Short-term 2 -84 280 -223 445 77 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 254 553 1,128 805 668 491 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 -5 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 166 274 326 358 274 244 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 51 78 96 130 124 108 Debt service to exports (%) 18 13 15 14 25 13 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 10 3 6 4 7 8 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 30 26 26 27 27 28 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 28 23 17 15 21 20 Gross national income (GNI) 10,853 16,759 14,502 10,638 12,258 14,147 100 MYANMAR (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 8,950 14,349 14,291 14,149 15,012 14,936 Use of IMF Credit 67 356 341 330 350 342 Long-term external debt 7,827 13,159 13,130 12,998 13,789 13,715 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7,827 13,159 13,064 12,951 13,761 13,701 Public Sector 7,697 13,061 12,966 12,849 13,656 13,594 of which: General Government 1,789 4,803 4,767 5,019 5,711 6,156 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 131 98 98 101 105 107 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 66 47 28 14 Short-term external debt 1,055 834 820 820 873 879 Disbursements (long-term) 213 1,224 689 452 406 749 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 213 1,224 604 452 406 749 Public Sector 213 1,224 604 452 406 749 of which: General Government 32 133 151 373 388 685 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 85 .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 63 327 260 517 455 534 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 63 327 241 498 436 519 Public Sector 63 327 241 498 436 519 of which: General Government 23 83 78 103 49 73 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 19 19 19 14 Interest payments (long-term) 25 316 263 281 227 309 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 25 316 263 281 226 309 Public Sector 25 316 263 281 226 309 of which: General Government 3 102 98 113 53 149 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 0 1 1 .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 7,827 13,159 13,130 12,998 13,789 13,715 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 7,827 13,159 13,064 12,951 13,761 13,701 Official creditors 6,694 12,535 12,456 12,356 13,150 13,124 Multilateral 1,339 1,310 1,381 1,462 1,788 1,859 of which: World Bank 770 767 833 914 1,192 1,266 Bilateral 5,354 11,226 11,075 10,893 11,363 11,265 Private creditors 1,134 623 608 595 610 577 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,134 623 608 595 610 577 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. 66 47 28 14 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. 66 47 28 14 Use of IMF Credit 67 356 341 330 350 342 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term 150 896 429 -65 -48 216 Official creditors 150 811 362 -37 -25 258 Multilateral 3 -33 47 120 226 207 of which: World Bank .. -8 53 108 214 181 Bilateral 146 844 316 -157 -250 51 Private creditors 0 85 66 -28 -24 -42 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 0 85 66 -28 -24 -42 Short-term .. .. .. .. .. .. Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 864 2,173 4,053 3,319 3,094 3,554 Portfolio equity .. 0 0 0 0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 139 103 98 101 101 87 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 23 25 23 23 22 Debt service to exports (%) 1 5 4 6 5 5 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 6 6 6 6 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 9 10 10 12 12 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 42 29 30 33 33 36 Gross national income (GNI) 31,851 62,822 57,704 61,657 64,733 69,314 101 NEPAL (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 3,698 3,986 4,151 4,304 4,963 5,478 Use of IMF Credit 89 165 194 171 168 156 Long-term external debt 3,551 3,488 3,608 3,755 4,374 5,070 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,551 3,445 3,551 3,672 4,299 4,941 Public Sector 3,551 3,445 3,551 3,672 4,299 4,941 of which: General Government 3,534 3,436 3,544 3,666 4,294 4,936 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 43 57 83 75 129 Short-term external debt 57 333 349 379 421 252 Disbursements (long-term) 103 255 428 430 599 920 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 103 251 411 396 584 920 Public Sector 103 251 411 396 584 920 of which: General Government 103 251 411 396 584 920 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 3 17 34 15 .. Principal repayments (long-term) 127 172 169 177 196 180 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 127 172 165 170 172 173 Public Sector 127 172 165 170 172 173 of which: General Government 125 170 164 169 172 172 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 4 8 23 8 Interest payments (long-term) 34 35 34 37 38 45 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 34 35 33 36 36 42 Public Sector 34 35 33 36 36 42 of which: General Government 34 35 33 36 36 42 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 1 1 2 4 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 3,551 3,488 3,608 3,755 4,374 5,070 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,551 3,445 3,551 3,672 4,299 4,941 Official creditors 3,547 3,444 3,551 3,672 4,299 4,941 Multilateral 3,187 3,103 3,213 3,313 3,888 4,435 of which: World Bank 1,507 1,517 1,640 1,708 2,022 2,477 Bilateral 360 340 337 359 411 506 Private creditors 4 1 0 0 0 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 4 1 0 0 0 0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 43 57 83 75 129 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 43 57 83 75 129 Use of IMF Credit 89 165 194 171 168 156 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 0 -13 36 -18 -12 -8 Long-term -23 83 259 253 404 740 Official creditors -23 80 246 226 412 747 Multilateral 8 60 238 200 378 647 of which: World Bank -8 53 185 120 211 512 Bilateral -31 20 8 27 34 100 Private creditors -1 3 13 26 -8 -8 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -1 3 13 26 -8 -8 Short-term 2 83 17 29 43 -170 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment -5 30 52 106 196 161 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 190 142 155 167 166 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 29 20 19 20 20 19 Debt service to exports (%) 8 8 8 9 8 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 2 8 8 9 8 5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 86 78 77 77 78 81 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 66 151 191 197 185 147 Gross national income (GNI) 12,668 20,336 21,755 21,506 25,172 29,044 102 NICARAGUA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 4,718 10,078 10,509 10,985 11,461 11,618 Use of IMF Credit 141 303 264 228 219 195 Long-term external debt 3,427 8,274 8,976 9,351 9,810 10,059 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,259 3,571 3,949 4,205 4,696 5,094 Public Sector 2,259 3,571 3,949 4,205 4,696 5,094 of which: General Government 1,543 2,850 3,125 3,397 3,912 4,136 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,168 4,703 5,027 5,145 5,114 4,966 Short-term external debt 1,150 1,501 1,269 1,407 1,432 1,363 Disbursements (long-term) 947 1,208 1,147 967 1,225 1,056 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 184 401 385 373 539 572 Public Sector 184 401 385 373 539 572 of which: General Government 174 348 385 373 539 372 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 763 806 763 594 685 484 Principal repayments (long-term) 309 513 567 575 849 772 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 52 63 72 89 122 136 Public Sector 52 63 72 89 122 136 of which: General Government 35 52 58 74 96 110 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 257 449 495 486 727 636 Interest payments (long-term) 98 157 189 211 260 262 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 39 56 61 74 83 94 Public Sector 39 56 61 74 83 94 of which: General Government 29 49 57 70 79 89 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 59 102 128 137 177 169 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 3,427 8,274 8,976 9,351 9,810 10,059 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,259 3,571 3,949 4,205 4,696 5,094 Official creditors 2,256 3,568 3,946 4,196 4,682 5,068 Multilateral 1,227 2,552 2,834 3,076 3,523 3,908 of which: World Bank 347 523 532 531 595 624 Bilateral 1,029 1,016 1,112 1,120 1,159 1,161 Private creditors 4 3 3 9 14 25 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 4 3 3 9 14 25 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,168 4,703 5,027 5,145 5,114 4,966 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,168 4,703 5,027 5,145 5,114 4,966 Use of IMF Credit 141 303 264 228 219 195 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 29 -22 -27 -29 -22 -19 Long-term 638 695 581 392 376 284 Official creditors 132 338 313 277 415 424 Multilateral 106 282 318 261 405 411 of which: World Bank 28 23 32 15 33 44 Bilateral 26 56 -5 16 10 13 Private creditors 506 357 268 115 -38 -140 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 506 357 268 115 -38 -140 Short-term -8 -197 -243 129 15 -105 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 627 884 950 899 772 359 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 159 188 205 211 199 207 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 57 87 85 85 85 91 Debt service to exports (%) 14 13 15 16 20 19 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 24 15 12 13 12 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 26 25 27 28 31 34 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 24 23 24 22 24 19 Gross national income (GNI) 8,275 11,567 12,411 12,929 13,479 12,808 103 NIGER (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 962.3 2,023.3 2,239.5 2,535.0 3,058.9 3,260.0 Use of IMF Credit 65.2 201.6 236.5 239.4 286.9 311.4 Long-term external debt 804.2 1,752.0 1,977.0 2,252.0 2,700.3 2,878.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 791.2 1,752.0 1,977.0 2,252.0 2,700.3 2,878.5 Public Sector 791.2 1,752.0 1,977.0 2,252.0 2,700.3 2,878.5 of which: General Government 790.7 1,752.0 1,977.0 2,252.0 2,700.3 2,878.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 13.0 .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 92.9 69.7 25.9 43.6 71.7 70.1 Disbursements (long-term) 94.1 159.8 401.5 405.7 359.4 334.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 94.1 159.8 401.5 405.7 359.4 334.9 Public Sector 94.1 159.8 401.5 405.7 359.4 334.9 of which: General Government 94.1 159.8 401.5 405.7 359.4 334.9 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 15.9 75.5 53.5 73.1 85.9 70.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9.4 75.5 53.5 73.1 85.9 70.7 Public Sector 9.4 75.5 53.5 73.1 85.9 70.7 of which: General Government 9.4 75.5 53.5 73.1 85.9 70.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 6.5 .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 6.9 29.2 24.1 31.9 37.5 43.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6.2 29.2 24.1 31.9 37.5 43.7 Public Sector 6.2 29.2 24.1 31.9 37.5 43.7 of which: General Government 6.2 29.2 24.1 31.9 37.5 43.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0.8 .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 804.2 1,752.0 1,977.0 2,252.0 2,700.3 2,878.5 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 791.2 1,752.0 1,977.0 2,252.0 2,700.3 2,878.5 Official creditors 791.2 1,752.0 1,977.0 2,252.0 2,700.3 2,878.5 Multilateral 591.4 1,123.5 1,419.2 1,635.4 2,024.9 2,141.6 of which: World Bank 248.1 576.0 626.2 772.6 987.9 1,098.4 Bilateral 199.8 628.5 557.8 616.6 675.4 736.9 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 13.0 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 13.0 .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 65.2 201.6 236.5 239.4 286.9 311.4 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 11.9 40.9 44.1 10.3 32.4 31.7 Long-term 78.2 84.3 348.0 332.6 273.5 264.2 Official creditors 84.7 84.3 348.0 332.6 273.5 264.2 Multilateral 67.4 119.0 361.0 264.8 240.0 184.9 of which: World Bank 15.0 61.1 76.0 170.3 159.4 140.7 Bilateral 17.3 -34.7 -13.0 67.8 33.5 79.3 Private creditors -6.5 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -6.5 .. .. .. .. .. Short-term -149.0 -9.0 -31.5 9.2 20.7 -10.8 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment -47.8 409.5 228.2 146.0 128.1 460.1 Portfolio equity 1.5 14.4 12.4 17.7 16.3 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 85.6 109.5 157.4 189.4 198.0 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 18.0 25.0 31.7 34.4 38.5 36.1 Debt service to exports (%) 2.4 6.3 6.2 8.4 8.5 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9.7 3.4 1.2 1.7 2.3 2.2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 61.5 55.5 63.4 64.5 66.2 65.7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 73.3 63.3 46.4 .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 5,360.3 8,078.0 7,064.7 7,365.2 7,942.0 9,040.1 104 NIGERIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 13,129 24,756 28,730 30,688 39,770 46,238 Use of IMF Credit 242 2,427 2,322 2,252 2,386 2,330 Long-term external debt 12,887 22,328 26,408 28,436 37,384 43,907 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,902 9,133 10,133 10,756 18,117 24,422 Public Sector 3,888 9,133 10,133 10,756 18,117 24,422 of which: General Government 3,837 9,058 9,920 10,498 17,792 24,031 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 14 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 8,985 13,195 16,275 17,680 19,267 19,485 Short-term external debt 0 0 0 0 0 0 Disbursements (long-term) 1,369 8,433 5,476 4,199 11,172 11,200 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 409 1,375 1,426 1,117 6,985 7,256 Public Sector 409 1,375 1,426 1,117 6,985 7,256 of which: General Government 409 1,295 1,283 1,064 6,934 7,182 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 960 7,058 4,051 3,082 4,187 3,944 Principal repayments (long-term) 597 4,278 1,132 1,858 2,736 4,461 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 340 139 115 180 136 736 Public Sector 334 139 115 180 136 736 of which: General Government 303 139 115 180 136 736 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 6 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 257 4,140 1,016 1,677 2,600 3,725 Interest payments (long-term) 87 267 481 649 830 1,321 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 87 126 280 174 204 593 Public Sector 86 126 280 174 204 593 of which: General Government 81 126 279 172 202 591 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 141 200 475 625 727 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 12,887 22,328 26,408 28,436 37,384 43,907 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,902 9,133 10,133 10,756 18,117 24,422 Official creditors 3,789 8,133 9,133 9,756 12,317 13,754 Multilateral 3,024 6,734 7,489 7,867 10,070 10,872 of which: World Bank 2,455 5,779 6,226 6,640 7,913 8,557 Bilateral 765 1,400 1,645 1,889 2,247 2,881 Private creditors 112 1,000 1,000 1,000 5,800 10,668 Bondholders .. 1,000 1,000 1,000 5,800 10,668 Commercial banks and others 112 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 8,985 13,195 16,275 17,680 19,267 19,485 Bondholders .. 4,475 5,275 5,942 6,942 6,017 Commercial banks and others 8,985 8,720 11,000 11,737 12,324 13,468 Use of IMF Credit 242 2,427 2,322 2,252 2,386 2,330 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 772 4,154 4,344 2,341 8,436 6,739 Official creditors 53 1,236 1,310 936 2,049 1,652 Multilateral 88 883 1,065 694 1,693 1,019 of which: World Bank 144 858 726 650 858 851 Bilateral -35 353 245 242 356 633 Private creditors 719 2,918 3,034 1,405 6,387 5,087 Bondholders .. 2,350 800 667 5,800 3,943 Banks and other private 719 568 2,234 738 587 1,144 Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 8,132 4,639 3,133 4,444 3,495 1,997 Portfolio equity -954 1,041 -540 325 2,919 2,206 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 15 29 56 77 76 66 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 4 5 6 8 11 12 Debt service to exports (%) 1 5 3 6 7 8 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 23 27 26 26 25 24 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 404 148 98 89 100 93 Gross national income (GNI) 321,881 549,528 481,571 395,951 364,253 378,946 105 NORTH MACEDONIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 4,337 7,233 6,767 7,513 8,544 8,744 Use of IMF Credit 13 273 91 88 93 91 Long-term external debt 3,013 5,741 5,662 6,320 7,133 7,309 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,574 3,140 3,109 3,473 3,829 4,061 Public Sector 1,574 3,140 3,109 3,473 3,829 4,061 of which: General Government 1,422 2,464 2,375 2,655 2,920 3,142 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,438 2,602 2,553 2,847 3,304 3,248 Short-term external debt 1,312 1,218 1,014 1,105 1,318 1,344 Disbursements (long-term) 789 1,520 1,094 1,465 1,020 1,422 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 174 1,106 583 777 221 794 Public Sector 174 1,106 583 777 221 794 of which: General Government 104 836 395 604 110 672 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 615 415 512 688 798 629 Principal repayments (long-term) 293 662 699 702 645 1,077 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 78 187 327 309 262 406 Public Sector 78 187 327 309 262 406 of which: General Government 63 106 255 235 177 317 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 215 475 373 394 383 671 Interest payments (long-term) 104 151 128 124 177 159 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 54 62 78 86 112 105 Public Sector 54 62 78 86 112 105 of which: General Government 48 51 67 75 100 92 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 50 89 51 38 65 54 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 3,013 5,741 5,662 6,320 7,133 7,309 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,574 3,140 3,109 3,473 3,829 4,061 Official creditors 1,277 1,691 1,680 1,737 1,921 1,865 Multilateral 1,047 1,331 1,282 1,232 1,336 1,245 of which: World Bank 623 717 656 620 658 614 Bilateral 230 360 397 505 585 620 Private creditors 297 1,449 1,429 1,736 1,907 2,196 Bondholders 209 789 838 1,286 1,463 1,864 Commercial banks and others 89 660 591 450 444 332 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,438 2,602 2,553 2,847 3,304 3,248 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,438 2,602 2,553 2,847 3,304 3,248 Use of IMF Credit 13 273 91 88 93 91 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. -112 -172 .. .. .. Long-term 496 859 395 763 375 346 Official creditors 64 275 125 99 22 1 Multilateral 33 135 69 -10 -40 -39 of which: World Bank 38 38 -6 -16 -24 -21 Bilateral 31 140 55 109 62 39 Private creditors 432 584 271 664 352 345 Bondholders .. 664 133 498 0 482 Banks and other private 432 -81 137 166 352 -137 Short-term -287 -170 -210 68 230 14 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 324 -141 89 325 246 479 Portfolio equity -49 -4 -9 -8 -12 -34 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 96 129 133 134 133 112 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 44 65 69 73 79 72 Debt service to exports (%) 10 17 21 16 14 17 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 30 17 15 15 15 15 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 24 18 19 16 16 14 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 44 37 33 33 29 34 Gross national income (GNI) 9,790 11,150 9,747 10,248 10,832 12,140 106 PAKISTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 49,682 62,232 66,712 73,093 86,070 90,957 Use of IMF Credit 4,614 5,001 6,359 7,235 7,664 7,276 Long-term external debt 43,698 51,744 53,880 58,738 69,697 75,379 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 40,514 47,017 49,141 52,613 61,106 64,493 Public Sector 40,466 46,984 49,111 52,584 61,077 64,466 of which: General Government 39,914 46,528 48,560 52,047 60,460 64,072 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 48 33 30 29 29 26 Private sector not guaranteed 3,184 4,727 4,739 6,125 8,591 10,887 Short-term external debt 1,370 5,487 6,474 7,121 8,709 8,302 Disbursements (long-term) 3,597 7,740 5,875 8,687 13,671 9,359 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,685 7,597 5,502 6,394 11,145 6,844 Public Sector 2,685 7,597 5,502 6,394 11,145 6,844 of which: General Government 2,685 7,457 5,261 6,264 10,865 6,844 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 912 143 373 2,294 2,526 2,515 Principal repayments (long-term) 1,769 2,007 2,566 2,970 4,989 3,295 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,312 1,777 2,205 2,588 4,562 2,834 Public Sector 1,311 1,776 2,204 2,586 4,560 2,832 of which: General Government 1,249 1,682 2,059 2,436 4,353 2,608 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 2 2 1 1 1 2 Private sector not guaranteed 456 229 361 382 427 460 Interest payments (long-term) 1,033 756 1,010 1,233 1,570 2,195 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 885 692 943 1,113 1,324 1,755 Public Sector 885 692 943 1,113 1,324 1,755 of which: General Government 871 685 933 1,103 1,311 1,742 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 147 64 66 120 246 440 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 43,698 51,744 53,880 58,738 69,697 75,379 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 40,514 47,017 49,141 52,613 61,106 64,493 Official creditors 37,428 41,763 42,882 45,312 51,220 55,065 Multilateral 22,109 23,944 24,709 25,479 27,780 27,822 of which: World Bank 10,999 13,012 13,784 14,049 15,300 15,162 Bilateral 15,319 17,819 18,173 19,833 23,440 27,243 Private creditors 3,086 5,254 6,259 7,301 9,886 9,428 Bondholders 2,650 4,550 5,050 5,550 7,300 7,300 Commercial banks and others 436 704 1,209 1,751 2,586 2,128 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3,184 4,727 4,739 6,125 8,591 10,887 Bondholders 850 12 12 12 12 12 Commercial banks and others 2,334 4,715 4,727 6,113 8,579 10,875 Use of IMF Credit 4,614 5,001 6,359 7,235 7,664 7,276 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 3,084 200 1,591 1,102 0 -212 Long-term 1,828 5,733 3,309 5,718 8,682 6,064 Official creditors 1,281 2,385 2,292 2,763 3,998 4,468 Multilateral 1,123 1,394 1,421 1,074 1,171 480 of which: World Bank -205 1,134 1,285 654 491 183 Bilateral 158 992 871 1,690 2,827 3,988 Private creditors 547 3,348 1,017 2,954 4,684 1,596 Bondholders 0 3,000 500 500 1,750 0 Banks and other private 547 348 517 2,454 2,934 1,596 Short-term -858 835 987 647 1,588 -407 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 5,438 1,917 1,571 2,396 2,798 2,487 Portfolio equity -270 762 529 -339 -390 -529 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 186 200 228 266 291 295 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 29 24 23 25 27 28 Debt service to exports (%) 11 15 14 16 23 20 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 3 9 10 10 10 9 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 45 38 37 35 32 31 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 14 19 27 27 18 10 Gross national income (GNI) 173,418 258,227 287,068 295,741 321,597 329,084 107 PAPUA NEW GUINEA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 1,436 20,429 20,387 19,245 17,221 17,718 Use of IMF Credit 14 182 174 169 179 175 Long-term external debt 1,412 19,439 19,902 18,414 16,966 17,082 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,067 1,369 1,501 1,919 2,303 3,408 Public Sector 1,067 1,369 1,501 1,919 2,303 3,408 of which: General Government 1,062 1,366 1,498 1,916 2,300 3,405 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 345 18,070 18,400 16,494 14,663 13,674 Short-term external debt 10 808 311 663 77 462 Disbursements (long-term) 951 1,027 562 1,538 1,320 3,046 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 26 244 242 534 394 1,234 Public Sector 26 244 242 534 394 1,234 of which: General Government 26 244 242 534 394 1,234 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 925 784 320 1,004 926 1,812 Principal repayments (long-term) 932 822 519 2,662 2,111 2,030 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 163 74 67 76 84 93 Public Sector 163 74 67 76 84 93 of which: General Government 163 74 66 75 84 93 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 769 748 452 2,586 2,027 1,937 Interest payments (long-term) 40 337 575 651 673 741 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 32 20 21 25 51 88 Public Sector 32 20 21 25 51 88 of which: General Government 32 20 21 25 51 88 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 8 317 555 626 622 653 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,412 19,439 19,902 18,414 16,966 17,082 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,067 1,369 1,501 1,919 2,303 3,408 Official creditors 1,023 1,368 1,500 1,703 1,954 2,371 Multilateral 721 1,012 1,087 1,168 1,278 1,633 of which: World Bank 229 252 250 262 277 446 Bilateral 303 356 413 535 676 739 Private creditors 44 1 1 216 349 1,037 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 500 Commercial banks and others 44 1 1 216 349 537 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 345 18,070 18,400 16,494 14,663 13,674 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 345 18,070 18,400 16,494 14,663 13,674 Use of IMF Credit 14 182 174 169 179 175 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 19 205 43 -1,124 -791 1,017 Official creditors -131 176 176 242 181 452 Multilateral -34 102 103 101 68 373 of which: World Bank -27 14 5 17 4 174 Bilateral -97 74 73 141 114 79 Private creditors 149 30 -133 -1,366 -972 565 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 500 Banks and other private 149 30 -133 -1,366 -972 65 Short-term -164 494 -497 144 -383 235 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment -26 -30 204 -40 -242 335 Portfolio equity .. -6 -1 -1 0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 23 227 237 231 168 166 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 13 90 96 95 80 78 Debt service to exports (%) 16 13 13 40 27 26 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 4 2 3 0 3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 50 5 5 6 7 9 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 136 11 8 8 10 12 Gross national income (GNI) 11,025 22,621 21,258 20,288 21,611 22,602 108 PARAGUAY (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 12,520 16,467 16,125 16,224 15,925 15,806 Use of IMF Credit 21 138 132 128 136 132 Long-term external debt 8,431 11,516 11,218 11,499 11,169 11,033 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,272 3,722 4,024 4,824 5,605 6,399 Public Sector 2,272 3,722 4,024 4,821 5,601 6,380 of which: General Government 1,992 3,591 3,883 4,658 5,417 6,194 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. 0 4 4 19 Private sector not guaranteed 6,159 7,794 7,194 6,675 5,564 4,635 Short-term external debt 4,068 4,814 4,775 4,596 4,620 4,640 Disbursements (long-term) 1,480 3,499 1,471 1,213 996 1,532 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 196 1,261 496 1,037 978 1,003 Public Sector 196 1,261 496 1,033 978 988 of which: General Government 196 1,243 468 998 945 969 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. 0 4 0 15 Private sector not guaranteed 1,284 2,238 975 176 18 530 Principal repayments (long-term) 297 2,779 1,592 914 1,338 1,667 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 238 196 183 234 209 208 Public Sector 238 196 183 234 209 208 of which: General Government 208 177 166 218 194 193 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 59 2,583 1,409 681 1,129 1,459 Interest payments (long-term) 136 227 312 371 356 553 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 96 77 135 178 211 254 Public Sector 96 77 135 178 211 254 of which: General Government 87 73 131 174 206 249 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 40 149 177 194 145 299 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 8,431 11,516 11,218 11,499 11,169 11,033 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,272 3,722 4,024 4,824 5,605 6,399 Official creditors 1,949 2,106 2,140 2,380 2,686 2,976 Multilateral 1,304 1,787 1,869 2,163 2,497 2,787 of which: World Bank 230 380 431 544 605 636 Bilateral 645 318 272 217 189 189 Private creditors 323 1,616 1,883 2,445 2,919 3,423 Bondholders .. 1,500 1,780 2,380 2,880 3,410 Commercial banks and others 323 116 103 65 39 13 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 6,159 7,794 7,194 6,675 5,564 4,635 Bondholders .. 800 800 800 600 600 Commercial banks and others 6,159 6,994 6,394 5,875 4,964 4,035 Use of IMF Credit 21 138 132 128 136 132 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 1,183 720 -121 299 -342 -135 Official creditors -13 104 45 242 295 290 Multilateral -33 122 90 302 330 293 of which: World Bank -22 38 51 113 62 31 Bilateral 20 -19 -44 -60 -35 -2 Private creditors 1,195 616 -167 57 -637 -425 Bondholders .. 1,300 280 600 300 530 Banks and other private 1,195 -684 -447 -543 -937 -955 Short-term 478 106 -39 -178 24 20 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 190 872 451 451 385 383 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 122 118 136 127 112 108 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 53 42 46 47 42 40 Debt service to exports (%) 4 22 17 11 12 16 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 32 29 30 28 29 29 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 10 11 12 13 16 18 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 23 40 35 41 47 47 Gross national income (GNI) 23,492 38,813 34,808 34,592 37,805 39,663 109 PERU (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 34,720 67,906 67,185 69,611 67,558 66,697 Use of IMF Credit 141 884 845 820 869 848 Long-term external debt 29,159 60,044 59,265 61,027 57,995 55,851 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19,415 15,903 19,409 19,732 18,933 18,073 Public Sector 18,742 15,903 19,409 19,732 18,933 18,073 of which: General Government 18,722 15,897 19,403 19,726 16,778 15,918 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 672 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 9,744 44,141 39,855 41,295 39,062 37,778 Short-term external debt 5,420 6,978 7,075 7,765 8,695 9,998 Disbursements (long-term) 4,630 8,015 10,450 7,981 5,327 3,513 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,165 450 4,865 1,977 2,587 569 Public Sector 1,165 450 4,865 1,977 2,587 569 of which: General Government 1,165 445 4,865 1,977 437 569 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 3,466 7,565 5,585 6,004 2,740 2,945 Principal repayments (long-term) 3,265 3,403 3,220 5,545 8,718 4,577 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,618 1,021 907 980 3,746 1,257 Public Sector 2,516 1,010 907 980 3,746 1,257 of which: General Government 2,511 1,009 906 979 3,745 1,257 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 102 11 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 647 2,382 2,313 4,565 4,973 3,320 Interest payments (long-term) 1,808 2,021 2,204 2,090 2,151 2,328 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,185 866 811 876 969 982 Public Sector 1,135 865 811 876 969 982 of which: General Government 1,134 865 811 876 914 873 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 50 0 .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 623 1,155 1,393 1,214 1,182 1,346 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 29,159 60,044 59,265 61,027 57,995 55,851 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 19,415 15,903 19,409 19,732 18,933 18,073 Official creditors 12,493 7,276 7,912 8,128 4,874 4,375 Multilateral 8,008 5,641 6,411 6,729 3,823 3,355 of which: World Bank 2,712 1,838 2,714 2,610 1,093 1,145 Bilateral 4,485 1,635 1,501 1,399 1,051 1,020 Private creditors 6,921 8,627 11,497 11,604 14,059 13,698 Bondholders 6,879 8,625 11,496 11,604 14,059 13,698 Commercial banks and others 42 2 1 0 .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 9,744 44,141 39,855 41,295 39,062 37,778 Bondholders 3,599 20,207 15,250 13,875 16,340 15,510 Commercial banks and others 6,145 23,934 24,606 27,420 22,723 22,268 Use of IMF Credit 141 884 845 820 869 848 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 1,366 4,612 7,230 2,437 -3,391 -1,064 Official creditors -101 -183 716 190 -3,309 -442 Multilateral 32 -28 802 315 -2,866 -426 of which: World Bank 63 17 877 -104 -1,516 51 Bilateral -133 -156 -86 -125 -443 -16 Private creditors 1,467 4,796 6,514 2,247 -83 -622 Bondholders -1,488 3,193 4,722 -567 4,615 -1,077 Banks and other private 2,956 1,603 1,792 2,814 -4,698 455 Short-term 81 528 97 690 930 1,304 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 6,267 2,451 7,043 6,179 7,571 6,257 Portfolio equity 85 -79 -60 -307 -172 -442 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 96 147 162 157 125 115 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 31 35 37 38 34 31 Debt service to exports (%) 15 12 13 18 21 12 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 16 10 11 11 13 15 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 23 8 10 10 6 5 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 87 90 90 87 92 88 Gross national income (GNI) 112,245 191,893 183,260 183,950 200,975 213,209 110 PHILIPPINES (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 58,270 77,170 76,495 72,931 74,382 78,824 Use of IMF Credit 180 1,214 1,161 1,127 1,193 1,165 Long-term external debt 51,089 59,708 60,234 57,278 58,914 61,591 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 39,258 38,950 39,089 33,948 35,517 36,346 Public Sector 39,182 38,868 39,014 33,911 35,482 36,313 of which: General Government 30,430 33,011 33,592 28,892 30,726 31,777 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 76 83 75 37 35 33 Private sector not guaranteed 11,831 20,758 21,145 23,330 23,397 25,245 Short-term external debt 7,001 16,248 15,099 14,526 14,275 16,068 Disbursements (long-term) 4,291 16,507 12,243 4,069 8,758 10,119 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,128 3,283 6,529 1,512 3,472 5,693 Public Sector 2,128 3,273 6,529 1,512 3,472 5,693 of which: General Government 1,725 3,188 6,303 1,171 3,420 5,635 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 10 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 2,163 13,224 5,714 2,557 5,286 4,426 Principal repayments (long-term) 6,995 4,476 7,411 7,811 8,244 6,225 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,592 2,600 3,152 4,079 3,026 2,370 Public Sector 3,589 2,594 3,144 4,040 3,023 2,367 of which: General Government 2,303 2,086 2,615 3,290 2,829 2,189 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 3 6 8 39 3 3 Private sector not guaranteed 3,402 1,876 4,259 3,732 5,219 3,855 Interest payments (long-term) 3,376 3,056 3,161 3,137 2,878 2,536 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,865 2,549 2,431 2,393 2,162 2,200 Public Sector 2,863 2,547 2,429 2,390 2,162 2,200 of which: General Government 2,338 2,178 2,061 2,039 1,857 1,912 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 2 2 2 2 1 1 Private sector not guaranteed 511 506 729 744 716 336 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 51,089 59,708 60,234 57,278 58,914 61,591 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 39,258 38,950 39,089 33,948 35,517 36,346 Official creditors 21,597 17,506 18,286 18,568 19,069 19,892 Multilateral 7,414 8,999 10,166 10,487 11,015 12,073 of which: World Bank 2,720 3,966 4,661 4,672 5,132 5,842 Bilateral 14,183 8,507 8,120 8,082 8,054 7,819 Private creditors 17,661 21,444 20,803 15,380 16,448 16,454 Bondholders 16,209 20,732 20,218 14,656 15,735 15,775 Commercial banks and others 1,452 712 585 724 713 678 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 11,831 20,758 21,145 23,330 23,397 25,245 Bondholders 1,314 5,900 5,362 5,262 5,962 6,687 Commercial banks and others 10,517 14,858 15,783 18,067 17,434 18,558 Use of IMF Credit 180 1,214 1,161 1,127 1,193 1,165 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term -2,704 12,031 4,832 -3,742 513 3,894 Official creditors -870 188 880 -35 120 735 Multilateral -112 548 1,199 321 481 1,059 of which: World Bank -287 237 700 10 443 709 Bilateral -758 -360 -320 -356 -361 -324 Private creditors -1,834 11,844 3,953 -3,707 393 3,159 Bondholders -839 258 2,057 -2,766 1,071 3,344 Banks and other private -994 11,586 1,895 -941 -678 -185 Short-term -83 -661 -1,149 -573 -252 1,793 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,288 2,476 2,563 3,302 4,261 3,126 Portfolio equity -462 1,196 -743 131 496 -1,031 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 106 92 94 87 77 78 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 22 22 20 20 20 Debt service to exports (%) 19 9 13 13 11 9 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 21 20 20 19 20 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 13 12 13 14 15 15 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 57 93 97 101 98 90 Gross national income (GNI) 204,478 344,879 354,141 367,021 377,083 397,063 111 ROMANIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 99,447 111,824 96,448 96,117 114,007 112,116 Use of IMF Credit 117 3,352 1,498 1,324 1,402 1,370 Long-term external debt 73,761 96,190 82,515 82,458 97,657 94,884 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15,256 36,792 32,598 32,719 37,965 37,954 Public Sector 15,011 36,404 32,594 32,712 37,957 37,947 of which: General Government 12,658 35,397 31,798 32,048 37,344 37,476 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 245 389 4 7 8 7 Private sector not guaranteed 58,505 59,398 49,916 49,739 59,692 56,930 Short-term external debt 25,569 12,282 12,436 12,335 14,948 15,863 Disbursements (long-term) 32,747 19,369 15,490 14,593 25,501 19,724 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,059 6,382 3,594 3,694 3,888 5,932 Public Sector 3,059 6,382 3,590 3,691 3,888 5,932 of which: General Government 2,910 6,354 3,544 3,674 3,882 5,932 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 4 3 .. 0 Private sector not guaranteed 29,688 12,986 11,896 10,898 21,613 13,793 Principal repayments (long-term) 14,475 16,167 19,789 16,634 18,394 19,176 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,543 1,206 4,726 2,735 2,285 4,516 Public Sector 2,427 1,206 4,371 2,735 2,284 4,516 of which: General Government 1,826 991 4,207 2,597 2,162 4,396 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 116 0 355 .. 0 1 Private sector not guaranteed 11,932 14,961 15,064 13,898 16,110 14,659 Interest payments (long-term) 2,926 2,274 1,978 1,845 1,895 2,091 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 901 1,355 1,318 1,286 1,284 1,447 Public Sector 890 1,343 1,316 1,286 1,283 1,447 of which: General Government 733 1,329 1,307 1,280 1,278 1,442 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 10 11 3 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 2,025 919 660 559 611 644 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 73,761 96,190 82,515 82,458 97,657 94,884 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 15,256 36,792 32,598 32,719 37,965 37,954 Official creditors 8,042 16,863 13,819 12,733 12,909 10,355 Multilateral 7,331 16,312 13,299 12,224 12,413 9,893 of which: World Bank 2,572 4,172 4,367 4,009 4,952 4,677 Bilateral 710 551 520 508 496 462 Private creditors 7,214 19,929 18,779 19,986 25,056 27,599 Bondholders 2,714 18,802 17,998 19,453 24,639 27,329 Commercial banks and others 4,500 1,127 782 533 417 270 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 58,505 59,398 49,916 49,739 59,692 56,930 Bondholders 0 328 233 164 207 634 Commercial banks and others 58,505 59,070 49,684 49,575 59,485 56,297 Use of IMF Credit 117 3,352 1,498 1,324 1,402 1,370 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. -5,897 -1,725 -134 .. .. Long-term 18,272 3,202 -4,299 -2,041 7,107 549 Official creditors 857 -137 -1,452 -732 -1,338 -2,078 Multilateral 839 -108 -1,424 -704 -1,306 -2,036 of which: World Bank -48 199 572 -247 457 -65 Bilateral 18 -29 -28 -28 -32 -42 Private creditors 17,415 3,339 -2,847 -1,309 8,445 2,627 Bondholders 221 5,672 516 1,917 3,135 4,158 Banks and other private 17,194 -2,333 -3,363 -3,226 5,311 -1,531 Short-term -3,753 -3,262 154 -101 2,613 914 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 7,459 3,754 3,971 4,778 4,462 5,888 Portfolio equity 21 535 362 -459 -61 -280 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 166 131 128 119 124 108 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 48 57 56 52 55 48 Debt service to exports (%) 30 29 31 23 22 21 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 26 11 13 13 13 14 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 7 15 14 13 11 9 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 37 35 36 38 35 34 Gross national income (GNI) 208,929 197,100 173,746 183,552 206,179 233,697 112 RUSSIAN FEDERATION (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 419,281 549,603 467,699 533,204 518,191 453,938 Use of IMF Credit 8,736 8,217 7,860 7,625 8,077 7,888 Long-term external debt 336,337 479,685 417,740 480,479 459,079 397,750 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 125,254 228,373 194,185 189,423 220,079 177,150 Public Sector 125,254 228,373 194,185 189,423 220,079 177,150 of which: General Government 28,523 40,243 30,807 39,035 55,179 43,550 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 211,083 251,313 223,555 291,056 239,000 220,600 Short-term external debt 74,208 61,700 42,100 45,100 51,035 48,300 Disbursements (long-term) 85,467 9,749 12,163 89,772 83,354 29,785 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 29,549 591 5,579 20,007 50,928 10,406 Public Sector 29,549 591 5,579 20,007 50,928 10,406 of which: General Government 3,530 67 81 9,925 17,045 5,205 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 55,918 9,158 6,584 69,765 32,427 19,378 Principal repayments (long-term) 64,012 68,699 81,729 51,103 61,790 90,407 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 29,212 45,811 40,610 24,728 20,552 53,040 Public Sector 29,212 45,811 40,610 24,728 20,552 53,040 of which: General Government 11,712 20,201 10,378 1,660 1,051 16,741 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 34,800 22,888 41,120 26,374 41,238 37,367 Interest payments (long-term) 15,119 19,678 19,036 20,121 19,008 19,039 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,749 4,212 3,548 5,643 6,554 8,928 Public Sector 3,749 4,212 3,548 5,643 6,554 8,928 of which: General Government 1,924 2,840 2,349 1,249 1,657 2,761 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 11,370 15,466 15,488 14,478 12,454 10,111 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 336,337 479,685 417,740 480,479 459,079 397,750 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 125,254 228,373 194,185 189,423 220,079 177,150 Official creditors 8,396 2,868 2,472 2,135 1,149 950 Multilateral 4,477 1,074 873 733 589 460 of which: World Bank 3,851 876 731 646 551 428 Bilateral 3,919 1,794 1,599 1,402 559 489 Private creditors 116,858 225,504 191,714 187,289 218,930 176,200 Bondholders 24,248 38,997 30,567 40,124 62,020 53,534 Commercial banks and others 92,610 186,507 161,147 147,165 156,910 122,666 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 211,083 251,313 223,555 291,056 239,000 220,600 Bondholders 10,320 11,492 11,639 18,156 16,879 19,890 Commercial banks and others 200,762 239,821 211,915 272,900 222,121 200,710 Use of IMF Credit 8,736 8,217 7,860 7,625 8,077 7,888 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 21,455 -58,949 -69,567 38,669 21,565 -60,622 Official creditors -1,237 -661 -388 -336 -986 -199 Multilateral -687 -382 -198 -139 -144 -129 of which: World Bank -485 -328 -145 -85 -95 -123 Bilateral -550 -279 -189 -197 -842 -70 Private creditors 22,691 -58,288 -69,179 39,005 22,551 -60,423 Bondholders -23,042 -23,103 -9,155 16,109 20,325 -4,659 Banks and other private 45,733 -35,186 -60,024 22,895 2,226 -55,764 Short-term -26,104 -22,300 -19,600 3,000 5,935 -2,735 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 68,842 23,099 10,719 35,715 26,601 9,913 Portfolio equity -15,383 -12,966 -5,538 -1,788 -7,940 -4,164 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 72 90 109 143 113 81 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 26 28 35 43 34 28 Debt service to exports (%) 14 15 23 19 18 20 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 18 11 9 8 10 11 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 1 0 0 0 0 0 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 98 62 68 60 69 84 Gross national income (GNI) 1,614,364 1,992,022 1,325,846 1,247,227 1,536,571 1,616,242 113 RWANDA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 928.9 2,909.9 3,452.0 4,318.7 4,825.3 5,488.4 Use of IMF Credit 32.5 119.4 111.6 203.3 290.7 307.9 Long-term external debt 889.7 2,765.4 3,329.1 3,888.8 4,466.3 5,075.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 649.7 1,755.4 2,057.3 2,353.3 2,820.9 3,306.4 Public Sector 649.7 1,755.4 2,057.3 2,353.3 2,820.9 3,306.4 of which: General Government 648.7 1,754.6 2,056.6 2,352.6 2,820.2 3,305.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 240.0 1,010.0 1,271.7 1,535.5 1,645.4 1,769.5 Short-term external debt 6.7 25.0 11.3 226.6 68.2 104.7 Disbursements (long-term) 378.5 776.8 659.4 774.9 705.7 918.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 114.5 286.8 375.7 368.1 399.4 563.0 Public Sector 114.5 286.8 375.7 368.1 399.4 563.0 of which: General Government 114.5 286.8 375.7 368.1 399.4 563.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 264.0 490.0 283.8 406.8 306.3 355.1 Principal repayments (long-term) 32.6 116.2 125.7 148.2 155.4 151.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8.6 15.2 17.4 23.0 27.7 25.5 Public Sector 8.6 15.2 17.4 23.0 27.7 25.5 of which: General Government 8.6 15.2 17.4 22.9 27.6 25.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 24.0 101.0 108.4 125.2 127.8 126.3 Interest payments (long-term) 14.9 50.1 56.1 68.8 83.3 102.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5.5 37.7 39.2 41.8 45.7 52.4 Public Sector 5.5 37.7 39.2 41.8 45.7 52.4 of which: General Government 5.5 37.7 39.2 41.8 45.7 52.4 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 9.4 12.5 16.9 27.0 37.6 50.2 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 889.7 2,765.4 3,329.1 3,888.8 4,466.3 5,075.8 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 649.7 1,755.4 2,057.3 2,353.3 2,820.9 3,306.4 Official creditors 649.7 1,355.4 1,657.3 1,953.3 2,420.9 2,906.4 Multilateral 562.0 1,101.9 1,362.8 1,645.5 2,076.2 2,458.9 of which: World Bank 241.7 605.3 861.9 1,048.5 1,403.5 1,610.5 Bilateral 87.7 253.6 294.6 307.8 344.8 447.5 Private creditors .. 400.0 400.0 400.0 400.0 400.0 Bondholders .. 400.0 400.0 400.0 400.0 400.0 Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 240.0 1,010.0 1,271.7 1,535.5 1,645.4 1,769.5 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 240.0 1,010.0 1,271.7 1,535.5 1,645.4 1,769.5 Use of IMF Credit 32.5 119.4 111.6 203.3 290.7 307.9 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 3.6 -2.8 -2.6 98.2 73.4 24.4 Long-term 345.9 660.6 533.7 626.8 550.3 766.3 Official creditors 105.9 271.6 358.3 345.1 371.8 537.5 Multilateral 93.2 233.4 309.0 322.8 345.1 425.3 of which: World Bank 40.5 167.0 284.5 216.6 287.8 241.2 Bilateral 12.7 38.2 49.3 22.4 26.7 112.2 Private creditors 240.0 389.0 175.4 281.6 178.5 228.8 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 Banks and other private 240.0 389.0 175.4 281.6 178.5 228.8 Short-term -7.0 13.9 -13.7 215.3 -158.4 36.5 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 102.3 147.1 88.3 171.0 176.9 167.0 Portfolio equity .. 1.4 2.5 3.0 0.3 0.4 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 128.9 219.0 232.9 279.8 241.3 266.7 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 19.2 37.1 42.7 52.3 54.0 59.0 Debt service to exports (%) 6.6 12.8 12.5 14.4 12.1 12.5 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.7 0.9 0.3 5.2 1.4 1.9 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 60.5 37.9 39.5 38.1 43.0 44.8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 82.8 28.9 23.6 18.7 18.4 16.6 Gross national income (GNI) 4,832.8 7,837.7 8,077.9 8,264.8 8,934.6 9,308.1 114 SAMOA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 207.4 450.2 437.4 417.5 443.1 427.5 Use of IMF Credit 1.8 32.9 29.8 27.4 27.4 24.3 Long-term external debt 205.6 417.3 407.6 390.1 415.7 403.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 205.6 417.3 407.6 390.1 415.7 403.2 Public Sector 205.6 417.3 407.6 390.1 415.7 403.2 of which: General Government 203.5 416.5 407.0 389.7 415.5 403.1 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Disbursements (long-term) 25.5 36.5 23.3 14.3 21.0 22.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 25.5 36.5 23.3 14.3 21.0 22.0 Public Sector 25.5 36.5 23.3 14.3 21.0 22.0 of which: General Government 25.5 36.5 23.3 14.3 21.0 22.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 6.0 13.4 13.7 15.6 18.3 21.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6.0 13.4 13.7 15.6 18.3 21.9 Public Sector 6.0 13.4 13.7 15.6 18.3 21.9 of which: General Government 5.8 13.2 13.6 15.4 18.1 21.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 2.1 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.7 6.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2.1 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.7 6.1 Public Sector 2.1 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.7 6.1 of which: General Government 2.1 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.1 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 205.6 417.3 407.6 390.1 415.7 403.2 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 205.6 417.3 407.6 390.1 415.7 403.2 Official creditors 205.6 417.3 407.6 390.1 415.7 403.2 Multilateral 176.0 221.6 214.0 203.7 215.0 208.1 of which: World Bank 79.0 95.6 96.1 92.8 103.4 104.9 Bilateral 29.6 195.7 193.6 186.4 200.7 195.1 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 1.8 32.9 29.8 27.4 27.4 24.3 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0.0 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -2.5 Long-term 19.6 23.1 9.5 -1.3 2.8 0.1 Official creditors 19.6 23.1 9.5 -1.3 2.8 0.1 Multilateral 0.0 -4.7 1.6 -4.3 -0.1 -2.0 of which: World Bank 1.9 -1.9 4.5 -0.6 5.2 4.0 Bilateral 19.5 27.8 7.9 3.0 2.9 2.1 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 45.9 22.6 26.9 2.5 9.1 16.7 Portfolio equity .. 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 107.2 184.4 182.6 162.7 154.5 137.2 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 34.5 58.1 55.5 54.4 54.4 51.3 Debt service to exports (%) 4.2 7.8 8.8 9.0 8.9 9.8 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 84.9 49.2 48.9 48.8 48.5 48.7 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 39.5 26.9 28.0 23.8 29.6 39.8 Gross national income (GNI) 601.9 775.4 788.0 768.1 814.7 832.6 115 SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 131.7 229.0 243.2 248.2 266.3 249.6 Use of IMF Credit 4.8 14.9 14.2 14.7 16.8 16.8 Long-term external debt 108.7 202.5 220.4 224.2 242.0 223.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 108.7 202.5 220.4 224.2 242.0 223.1 Public Sector 108.7 198.2 216.2 220.0 237.8 218.8 of which: General Government 108.7 198.2 216.2 220.0 237.8 218.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 18.2 11.6 8.6 9.3 7.5 9.8 Disbursements (long-term) 5.2 40.4 25.3 8.2 9.5 5.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5.2 40.4 25.3 8.2 9.5 5.6 Public Sector 5.2 40.4 25.3 8.2 9.5 5.6 of which: General Government 5.2 40.4 25.3 8.2 9.5 5.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 1.7 11.5 0.8 0.9 2.1 2.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.7 11.5 0.8 0.9 2.1 2.7 Public Sector 1.7 11.5 0.8 0.9 2.1 2.7 of which: General Government 1.7 11.5 0.8 0.9 2.1 2.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 0.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 Public Sector 0.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 of which: General Government 0.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 108.7 202.5 220.4 224.2 242.0 223.1 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 108.7 202.5 220.4 224.2 242.0 223.1 Official creditors 108.7 202.5 220.4 224.2 242.0 223.1 Multilateral 35.9 37.7 37.9 40.1 44.9 46.9 of which: World Bank 13.3 13.0 12.2 11.6 12.0 11.5 Bilateral 72.9 164.7 182.6 184.1 197.2 176.2 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 4.8 14.9 14.2 14.7 16.8 16.8 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 1.3 -1.1 -0.1 1.0 1.2 0.4 Long-term 3.5 28.9 24.6 7.2 7.4 2.9 Official creditors 3.5 28.8 24.6 7.2 7.4 2.9 Multilateral 3.5 0.8 1.4 2.9 2.9 2.9 of which: World Bank 2.7 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 Bilateral .. 28.0 23.2 4.3 4.5 0.0 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term -1.0 -1.1 -3.0 0.9 -2.1 2.4 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 79.1 16.5 24.8 23.3 32.9 30.2 Portfolio equity 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 677.3 229.9 250.9 241.4 281.0 242.9 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 70.1 64.6 76.7 71.2 71.2 58.8 Debt service to exports (%) 12.0 13.9 2.9 2.8 4.1 4.5 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 13.8 5.1 3.5 3.8 2.8 3.9 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 27.2 16.5 15.6 16.2 16.9 18.8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 46.5 27.7 30.0 25.5 22.1 17.5 Gross national income (GNI) 187.9 354.6 317.2 348.5 373.9 424.8 116 SENEGAL (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,851 5,631 5,903 6,688 8,896 12,485 Use of IMF Credit 102 395 344 299 283 242 Long-term external debt 2,552 5,236 5,559 6,388 8,613 12,243 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,372 4,964 5,330 6,149 8,363 11,800 Public Sector 2,372 4,964 5,330 6,149 8,363 11,800 of which: General Government 2,365 4,963 5,330 6,149 8,363 11,800 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 180 272 229 239 250 442 Short-term external debt 197 0 0 0 0 0 Disbursements (long-term) 522 996 643 1,228 2,083 4,396 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 518 875 595 1,096 1,919 4,000 Public Sector 518 875 595 1,096 1,919 4,000 of which: General Government 518 875 595 1,096 1,919 4,000 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 4 122 49 133 165 396 Principal repayments (long-term) 126 214 193 207 329 475 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 87 117 101 121 149 308 Public Sector 87 117 101 121 149 308 of which: General Government 86 116 101 121 149 308 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 39 97 92 86 180 167 Interest payments (long-term) 49 128 150 155 230 320 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 36 111 138 145 224 309 Public Sector 36 111 138 145 224 309 of which: General Government 36 111 138 145 224 309 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 13 17 12 10 6 11 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,552 5,236 5,559 6,388 8,613 12,243 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,372 4,964 5,330 6,149 8,363 11,800 Official creditors 2,367 4,022 4,271 5,105 6,139 7,283 Multilateral 1,551 2,755 2,778 3,054 3,618 3,920 of which: World Bank 786 1,504 1,598 1,670 1,999 2,070 Bilateral 817 1,267 1,493 2,051 2,521 3,362 Private creditors 4 942 1,060 1,044 2,224 4,517 Bondholders .. 931 886 874 2,025 4,031 Commercial banks and others 4 11 174 170 199 487 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 180 272 229 239 250 442 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 180 272 229 239 250 442 Use of IMF Credit 102 395 344 299 283 242 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 38 -18 -34 -36 -34 -34 Long-term 396 782 450 1,021 1,754 3,922 Official creditors 433 258 493 972 665 1,337 Multilateral 197 159 189 368 314 417 of which: World Bank 133 138 162 124 224 123 Bilateral 236 98 305 605 350 920 Private creditors -37 524 -43 49 1,090 2,585 Bondholders .. 489 .. .. 1,100 2,051 Banks and other private -37 35 -43 49 -10 534 Short-term -135 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 442 351 259 271 367 629 Portfolio equity -93 11 20 25 13 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 75 123 137 152 181 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 17 29 34 36 43 53 Debt service to exports (%) 5 8 9 9 12 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 0 0 0 0 0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 54 49 47 46 41 31 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 56 36 34 .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 16,902 19,394 17,376 18,529 20,496 23,435 117 SERBIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 30,493 32,999 31,301 29,537 34,333 34,339 Use of IMF Credit 87 830 633 598 634 619 Long-term external debt 26,719 31,631 29,780 27,811 32,120 31,607 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,399 16,489 16,276 16,215 16,422 15,088 Public Sector 8,396 16,325 16,137 16,084 16,308 15,088 of which: General Government 6,752 14,882 14,823 14,879 15,140 14,183 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 3 164 139 131 114 0 Private sector not guaranteed 18,320 15,142 13,505 11,595 15,698 16,519 Short-term external debt 3,687 539 888 1,128 1,579 2,113 Disbursements (long-term) 6,996 4,893 3,112 3,698 7,337 4,709 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 294 1,810 1,378 1,207 1,439 1,502 Public Sector 294 1,810 1,378 1,207 1,439 1,502 of which: General Government 185 1,664 1,182 934 1,294 1,394 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 0 0 .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 6,703 3,083 1,734 2,492 5,898 3,207 Principal repayments (long-term) 3,486 6,340 2,980 5,016 4,086 4,813 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 181 923 827 1,030 2,195 2,501 Public Sector 180 923 819 1,027 2,161 2,389 of which: General Government 137 622 588 677 1,862 2,056 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 0 8 3 34 112 Private sector not guaranteed 3,305 5,417 2,153 3,986 1,891 2,312 Interest payments (long-term) 1,136 1,241 1,117 917 869 908 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 354 622 594 588 576 547 Public Sector 354 615 586 582 571 543 of which: General Government 308 546 532 536 542 523 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 7 8 6 5 4 Private sector not guaranteed 782 619 523 330 292 361 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 26,719 31,631 29,780 27,811 32,120 31,607 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 8,399 16,489 16,276 16,215 16,422 15,088 Official creditors 7,206 10,246 10,200 10,366 11,721 11,578 Multilateral 4,554 5,444 5,373 5,313 6,246 5,861 of which: World Bank 2,931 2,463 2,515 2,384 2,939 2,799 Bilateral 2,652 4,802 4,827 5,053 5,475 5,716 Private creditors 1,193 6,242 6,075 5,849 4,701 3,511 Bondholders .. 5,250 5,250 5,250 4,500 3,500 Commercial banks and others 1,193 992 825 599 201 11 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 18,320 15,142 13,505 11,595 15,698 16,519 Bondholders 165 878 1,041 1,206 2,825 2,752 Commercial banks and others 18,155 14,263 12,464 10,389 12,872 13,767 Use of IMF Credit 87 830 633 598 634 619 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. -755 -162 -16 .. .. Long-term 3,511 -1,447 132 -1,318 3,252 -105 Official creditors 111 1,091 656 391 421 191 Multilateral 160 -47 453 114 206 -117 of which: World Bank 12 68 274 -56 226 -17 Bilateral -49 1,137 203 277 216 307 Private creditors 3,400 -2,538 -524 -1,709 2,830 -295 Bondholders .. 237 162 166 774 -1,000 Banks and other private 3,400 -2,775 -686 -1,874 2,056 705 Short-term 1,437 -151 211 382 350 633 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,762 1,879 2,107 1,521 1,657 3,119 Portfolio equity -55 -22 -90 -14 -7 -28 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 204 165 172 148 153 134 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 60 73 83 77 83 72 Debt service to exports (%) 32 42 23 30 22 22 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 2 3 4 5 6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 16 17 18 18 17 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 36 34 34 34 32 35 Gross national income (GNI) 50,839 45,280 37,789 38,393 41,227 47,903 118 SIERRA LEONE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 633.8 1,426.9 1,551.2 1,598.3 1,715.6 1,712.9 Use of IMF Credit 80.0 303.2 391.0 443.9 509.5 501.1 Long-term external debt 544.8 910.1 946.3 953.4 1,011.1 1,023.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 544.8 910.1 946.3 953.4 1,011.1 1,023.3 Public Sector 544.8 910.1 946.3 953.4 1,011.1 1,023.3 of which: General Government 544.8 910.1 946.3 953.4 1,011.1 1,023.3 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 9.0 213.6 213.9 201.0 195.1 188.5 Disbursements (long-term) 68.9 52.7 80.0 42.7 68.0 57.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 68.9 52.7 80.0 42.7 68.0 57.0 Public Sector 68.9 52.7 80.0 42.7 68.0 57.0 of which: General Government 68.9 52.7 80.0 42.7 68.0 57.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 2.4 14.2 14.6 21.0 24.7 28.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2.4 14.2 14.6 21.0 24.7 28.5 Public Sector 2.4 14.2 14.6 21.0 24.7 28.5 of which: General Government 2.4 14.2 14.6 21.0 24.7 28.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 2.9 8.1 7.5 11.9 12.7 4.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2.9 8.1 7.5 11.9 12.7 4.7 Public Sector 2.9 8.1 7.5 11.9 12.7 4.7 of which: General Government 2.9 8.1 7.5 11.9 12.7 4.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 544.8 910.1 946.3 953.4 1,011.1 1,023.3 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 544.8 910.1 946.3 953.4 1,011.1 1,023.3 Official creditors 333.7 714.6 752.8 760.0 817.7 833.0 Multilateral 273.0 564.0 591.7 602.5 670.1 680.9 of which: World Bank 108.4 236.7 225.7 224.3 275.7 284.3 Bilateral 60.6 150.6 161.2 157.5 147.6 152.1 Private creditors 211.1 195.4 193.4 193.4 193.4 190.3 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 211.1 195.4 193.4 193.4 193.4 190.3 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 80.0 303.2 391.0 443.9 509.5 501.1 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 18.0 40.6 102.0 66.8 38.1 3.6 Long-term 66.5 38.5 65.5 21.7 43.3 28.4 Official creditors 66.5 38.5 65.5 21.7 43.3 28.4 Multilateral 54.3 39.8 51.0 21.9 43.1 21.6 of which: World Bank 25.6 9.8 5.3 5.6 37.2 15.7 Bilateral 12.2 -1.3 14.4 -0.2 0.2 6.9 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 4.0 -0.5 0.7 -12.9 -5.9 -6.6 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 73.8 360.4 231.9 121.5 729.9 599.0 Portfolio equity 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 182.1 94.5 196.9 170.3 209.9 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23.5 29.1 37.3 48.8 47.3 45.1 Debt service to exports (%) 1.7 2.3 6.6 4.1 7.2 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1.4 15.0 13.8 12.6 11.4 11.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 43.1 39.5 38.1 37.7 39.1 39.8 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 34.7 42.1 37.3 31.1 32.0 29.3 Gross national income (GNI) 2,700.6 4,896.1 4,162.1 3,277.0 3,629.6 3,798.5 119 SOLOMON ISLANDS (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 166.9 187.5 207.5 263.8 376.7 388.5 Use of IMF Credit 1.0 31.8 27.7 23.6 21.0 17.1 Long-term external debt 162.8 140.8 158.0 205.6 327.8 328.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 137.1 89.6 81.2 86.7 96.5 96.0 Public Sector 137.1 89.6 81.2 86.7 96.5 96.0 of which: General Government 137.1 89.6 81.2 86.7 96.5 96.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 25.8 51.1 76.8 118.9 231.3 232.3 Short-term external debt 3.1 15.0 21.7 34.7 27.9 43.0 Disbursements (long-term) 1.1 13.4 32.6 38.4 177.0 36.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0.1 0.0 0.0 13.1 11.1 6.1 Public Sector 0.1 0.0 0.0 13.1 11.1 6.1 of which: General Government 0.1 0.0 0.0 13.1 11.1 6.1 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1.0 13.4 32.5 25.2 165.9 30.7 Principal repayments (long-term) 10.8 13.5 8.5 13.2 17.1 29.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.8 6.5 5.3 6.5 5.2 4.8 Public Sector 10.8 6.5 5.3 6.5 5.2 4.8 of which: General Government 10.8 6.5 5.3 6.5 5.2 4.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 7.0 3.2 6.7 11.9 24.7 Interest payments (long-term) 4.3 2.2 2.2 5.1 4.0 6.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Public Sector 4.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 of which: General Government 4.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0.0 0.8 1.1 4.0 3.0 4.9 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 162.8 140.8 158.0 205.6 327.8 328.4 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 137.1 89.6 81.2 86.7 96.5 96.0 Official creditors 136.6 89.6 81.2 86.7 96.5 96.0 Multilateral 113.7 76.5 69.3 75.9 86.8 87.5 of which: World Bank 44.5 34.1 31.2 33.6 36.1 36.6 Bilateral 23.0 13.1 11.9 10.8 9.7 8.5 Private creditors 0.4 .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0.4 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: 25.8 51.1 76.8 118.9 231.3 232.3 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 25.8 51.1 76.8 118.9 231.3 232.3 Use of IMF Credit 1.0 31.8 27.7 23.6 21.0 17.1 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. -1.1 -2.7 -3.4 -3.8 -3.5 Long-term -9.7 -0.1 24.0 25.1 159.9 7.3 Official creditors -10.6 -6.5 -5.3 6.6 6.0 1.3 Multilateral -7.8 -4.9 -4.2 7.7 7.1 2.4 of which: World Bank -1.0 -1.6 -1.5 3.5 0.5 1.4 Bilateral -2.8 -1.6 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 Private creditors 0.9 6.4 29.3 18.5 154.0 6.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 0.9 6.4 29.3 18.5 154.0 6.0 Short-term 0.0 12.0 6.8 13.0 -6.8 15.2 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 57.7 1.2 6.9 28.6 29.9 19.3 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. 0.0 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 59.7 30.6 35.9 44.2 57.7 53.8 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 32.5 17.1 18.5 22.7 30.8 29.1 Debt service to exports (%) 5.4 2.8 2.4 3.8 3.9 5.6 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1.8 8.0 10.5 13.2 7.4 11.1 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 68.1 40.8 33.4 28.8 23.1 22.5 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 53.2 249.0 238.2 184.4 144.2 150.9 Gross national income (GNI) 514.0 1,099.6 1,121.1 1,160.9 1,223.7 1,336.1 120 SOMALIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,984 2,960 2,894 2,865 2,958 2,932 Use of IMF Credit 194 229 219 212 225 220 Long-term external debt 1,992 1,918 1,877 1,859 1,907 1,889 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,992 1,918 1,877 1,859 1,907 1,889 Public Sector 1,992 1,918 1,877 1,859 1,907 1,889 of which: General Government 1,968 1,895 1,854 1,836 1,884 1,866 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 798 814 798 793 826 823 Disbursements (long-term) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 of which: General Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 of which: General Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 of which: General Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,992 1,918 1,877 1,859 1,907 1,889 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,992 1,918 1,877 1,859 1,907 1,889 Official creditors 1,955 1,883 1,843 1,825 1,872 1,855 Multilateral 812 769 745 732 760 749 of which: World Bank 446 424 412 404 420 413 Bilateral 1,143 1,113 1,098 1,093 1,112 1,106 Private creditors 37 35 34 34 35 34 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 37 35 34 34 35 34 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 194 229 219 212 225 220 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 0 0 0 0 0 0 Official creditors 0 0 0 0 0 0 Multilateral 0 0 0 0 0 0 of which: World Bank 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bilateral 0 .. 0 0 0 0 Private creditors 0 .. 0 0 0 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 0 .. 0 0 0 0 Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 87 261 303 334 384 409 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) .. 45 44 42 42 39 Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 27 27 28 28 28 28 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 27 26 26 26 26 26 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) .. 6,532 6,640 6,810 7,096 7,450 121 SOUTH AFRICA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 69,960 141,599 138,078 146,041 180,497 179,306 Use of IMF Credit 339 2,587 2,474 2,400 2,543 2,483 Long-term external debt 44,159 110,970 106,528 113,850 141,324 140,193 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19,280 57,137 57,788 62,195 81,592 77,029 Public Sector 19,280 57,137 57,788 62,195 81,592 77,029 of which: General Government 14,430 53,558 53,149 56,451 74,754 69,512 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 24,879 53,832 48,740 51,655 59,732 63,165 Short-term external debt 25,462 28,042 29,075 29,791 36,630 36,630 Disbursements (long-term) 1,871 7,993 14,614 12,421 35,231 16,150 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,219 3,559 1,935 5,433 20,292 3,747 Public Sector 1,219 3,559 1,935 5,433 20,292 3,747 of which: General Government 3 2,750 133 4,331 18,930 2,055 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 652 4,435 12,679 6,988 14,939 12,403 Principal repayments (long-term) 4,892 3,153 2,687 7,420 8,119 16,674 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,753 1,048 221 1,355 1,242 7,708 Public Sector 2,753 1,048 221 1,355 1,242 7,708 of which: General Government 1,059 1,022 120 1,110 804 7,156 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,139 2,104 2,465 6,065 6,877 8,967 Interest payments (long-term) 1,931 3,706 5,612 5,721 5,725 6,706 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,192 2,411 2,951 3,041 3,225 4,229 Public Sector 1,192 2,411 2,951 3,041 3,225 4,229 of which: General Government 948 2,308 2,712 2,737 2,862 3,807 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 739 1,294 2,661 2,680 2,500 2,478 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 44,159 110,970 106,528 113,850 141,324 140,193 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 19,280 57,137 57,788 62,195 81,592 77,029 Official creditors 259 4,097 3,495 4,076 5,003 4,256 Multilateral 259 4,097 3,495 4,076 5,003 4,256 of which: World Bank 26 1,967 1,785 2,343 2,686 2,277 Bilateral .. .. .. .. .. .. Private creditors 19,021 53,040 54,293 58,119 76,588 72,772 Bondholders 13,663 52,522 52,409 55,678 73,815 70,615 Commercial banks and others 5,358 518 1,884 2,441 2,774 2,158 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 24,879 53,832 48,740 51,655 59,732 63,165 Bondholders 8,322 10,366 10,309 9,878 10,116 11,187 Commercial banks and others 16,557 43,467 38,431 41,776 49,616 51,977 Use of IMF Credit 339 2,587 2,474 2,400 2,543 2,483 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term -3,021 4,841 11,927 5,001 27,111 -525 Official creditors -23 850 340 266 601 -168 Multilateral -23 850 340 266 601 -168 of which: World Bank 0 745 357 324 230 -46 Bilateral .. .. .. .. .. .. Private creditors -2,998 3,991 11,587 4,735 26,510 -356 Bondholders -2,401 534 1,620 2,831 18,359 -2,125 Banks and other private -597 3,457 9,968 1,904 8,152 1,769 Short-term 1,418 793 1,033 716 6,839 0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 6,729 1,292 -596 364 -265 1,377 Portfolio equity -4,707 9,338 8,499 1,640 7,576 2,945 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 64 120 133 151 165 153 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 25 41 45 51 53 51 Debt service to exports (%) 7 7 9 14 13 20 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 36 20 21 20 20 20 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 0 3 3 3 3 2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 44 31 30 29 25 26 Gross national income (GNI) 277,827 341,280 309,671 287,557 338,405 354,663 122 SRI LANKA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 16,321 42,263 43,925 46,646 50,760 52,626 Use of IMF Credit 278 1,821 1,240 1,086 1,329 1,545 Long-term external debt 13,318 33,117 35,097 38,148 41,421 42,900 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 12,584 25,825 27,453 30,099 32,619 34,319 Public Sector 12,584 25,825 27,453 30,099 32,619 34,319 of which: General Government 12,483 22,973 24,820 27,426 30,842 33,751 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 734 7,292 7,645 8,049 8,802 8,581 Short-term external debt 2,725 7,325 7,588 7,413 8,011 8,181 Disbursements (long-term) 1,238 7,325 4,509 4,605 5,338 7,231 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,083 4,093 3,760 3,985 4,357 5,073 Public Sector 1,083 4,093 3,760 3,985 4,357 5,073 of which: General Government 1,081 3,763 3,680 3,806 4,247 4,991 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 156 3,232 750 620 981 2,158 Principal repayments (long-term) 816 4,913 2,115 1,702 2,713 5,521 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 755 2,702 1,718 1,186 2,486 3,189 Public Sector 755 2,702 1,718 1,186 2,486 3,189 of which: General Government 681 831 1,421 1,048 1,477 1,901 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 61 2,211 397 516 227 2,333 Interest payments (long-term) 286 705 779 990 1,029 1,547 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 252 656 731 925 970 1,247 Public Sector 252 656 731 925 970 1,247 of which: General Government 245 557 644 787 851 1,153 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 35 50 48 65 59 300 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 13,318 33,117 35,097 38,148 41,421 42,900 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 12,584 25,825 27,453 30,099 32,619 34,319 Official creditors 11,285 17,030 17,219 17,710 18,924 20,045 Multilateral 5,559 6,876 6,901 7,186 7,853 8,050 of which: World Bank 2,381 2,843 2,784 2,970 3,244 3,210 Bilateral 5,725 10,154 10,317 10,524 11,071 11,995 Private creditors 1,300 8,795 10,234 12,389 13,695 14,274 Bondholders 500 7,000 8,650 10,150 11,150 12,400 Commercial banks and others 800 1,795 1,584 2,239 2,545 1,874 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 734 7,292 7,645 8,049 8,802 8,581 Bondholders 100 437 305 362 362 262 Commercial banks and others 634 6,855 7,340 7,687 8,440 8,319 Use of IMF Credit 278 1,821 1,240 1,086 1,329 1,545 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -78 -720 -506 -122 174 252 Long-term 422 2,413 2,394 2,903 2,625 1,710 Official creditors 270 1,301 547 618 641 1,274 Multilateral 228 322 273 452 340 333 of which: World Bank 40 125 60 270 118 34 Bilateral 43 979 275 165 300 941 Private creditors 152 1,112 1,846 2,286 1,984 436 Bondholders -65 1,984 1,517 1,558 1,000 1,150 Banks and other private 217 -872 329 728 984 -714 Short-term 1,388 492 314 -234 490 166 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 542 469 439 710 535 463 Portfolio equity -488 178 -60 24 359 -4 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 158 250 257 265 263 256 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 41 54 56 58 59 61 Debt service to exports (%) 12 38 21 19 22 36 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 17 17 17 16 16 16 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 34 16 16 15 15 15 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 15 17 15 11 14 .. Gross national income (GNI) 39,744 77,548 78,582 80,205 85,705 86,489 123 ST. LUCIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 832.2 527.0 530.2 542.2 622.1 615.8 Use of IMF Credit 1.1 38.0 33.4 29.8 28.5 24.8 Long-term external debt 316.2 371.3 420.0 430.9 489.8 499.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 316.2 371.3 420.0 430.9 489.8 499.8 Public Sector 299.4 362.9 399.8 410.9 467.5 475.8 of which: General Government 287.5 359.3 396.7 408.4 462.0 469.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 16.8 8.4 20.2 20.0 22.3 24.0 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 514.9 117.7 76.8 81.5 103.8 91.1 Disbursements (long-term) 13.0 25.2 21.4 7.3 13.5 6.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13.0 25.2 21.4 7.3 13.5 6.5 Public Sector 12.9 25.2 21.4 7.3 13.5 6.5 of which: General Government 12.9 25.2 21.3 7.3 10.0 5.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 32.4 17.0 46.7 23.8 18.0 17.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 32.4 17.0 46.7 23.8 18.0 17.8 Public Sector 31.1 14.8 44.5 21.7 16.6 16.5 of which: General Government 25.9 14.2 43.9 21.1 16.0 16.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.4 1.3 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 15.1 16.7 18.9 19.9 23.5 25.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15.1 16.7 18.9 19.9 23.5 25.0 Public Sector 14.3 16.3 18.1 19.1 22.7 24.1 of which: General Government 13.8 16.2 18.0 19.0 22.5 23.9 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 316.2 371.3 420.0 430.9 489.8 499.8 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 316.2 371.3 420.0 430.9 489.8 499.8 Official creditors 232.5 249.4 259.8 248.0 253.2 242.9 Multilateral 205.4 215.3 219.7 211.0 218.4 211.5 of which: World Bank 67.4 84.5 81.3 79.5 85.6 85.6 Bilateral 27.1 34.1 40.2 37.0 34.7 31.3 Private creditors 83.6 121.8 160.2 182.9 236.6 256.9 Bondholders 83.6 121.8 160.2 182.9 236.6 256.9 Commercial banks and others 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 1.1 38.0 33.4 29.8 28.5 24.8 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. -0.9 -3.0 -2.7 -3.0 -3.0 Long-term -19.4 8.2 -25.3 -16.5 -4.4 -11.3 Official creditors -4.5 9.2 0.9 -11.1 -3.8 -11.1 Multilateral -1.0 -4.0 -6.3 -8.1 -0.8 -7.9 of which: World Bank 3.7 2.6 0.0 0.4 1.7 2.0 Bilateral -3.5 13.2 7.2 -3.0 -3.0 -3.2 Private creditors -15.0 -1.0 -26.1 -5.4 -0.6 -0.2 Bondholders -11.9 -1.0 -26.1 -5.4 -0.6 -0.2 Banks and other private -3.1 .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 341.0 45.4 -40.9 4.8 22.3 -12.7 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 108.5 62.2 110.8 138.1 142.7 135.1 Portfolio equity .. 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.8 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 152.9 53.7 51.3 55.7 61.5 49.1 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 68.5 36.7 35.7 34.5 36.5 35.1 Debt service to exports (%) 10.6 3.7 6.7 4.9 4.6 3.9 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 61.9 22.3 14.5 15.0 16.7 14.8 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 24.7 40.9 41.4 38.9 35.1 34.4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 17.2 48.9 59.9 56.4 51.7 46.4 Gross national income (GNI) 1,214.8 1,435.5 1,486.5 1,572.9 1,702.3 1,752.3 124 ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 232.2 340.9 343.9 333.5 337.1 328.2 Use of IMF Credit 0.5 27.2 24.9 22.9 21.9 18.0 Long-term external debt 231.5 313.7 318.9 306.5 314.8 310.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 231.5 313.7 318.9 306.5 314.8 310.2 Public Sector 231.5 313.7 318.9 306.5 314.8 310.2 of which: General Government 212.4 303.1 310.2 299.2 308.3 303.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 0.2 0.0 0.1 4.1 0.3 0.0 Disbursements (long-term) 52.1 49.4 28.9 13.3 31.0 25.3 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 52.1 49.4 28.9 13.3 31.0 25.3 Public Sector 52.1 49.4 28.9 13.3 31.0 25.3 of which: General Government 50.1 49.4 28.8 12.7 29.7 22.9 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 19.8 22.1 24.8 24.6 24.7 29.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19.8 22.1 24.8 24.6 24.7 29.1 Public Sector 19.8 22.1 24.8 24.6 24.7 29.1 of which: General Government 19.4 20.1 22.9 22.7 22.7 26.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 10.9 7.7 7.7 6.0 6.2 7.1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.9 7.7 7.7 6.0 6.2 7.1 Public Sector 10.9 7.7 7.7 6.0 6.2 7.1 of which: General Government 9.8 7.2 7.2 5.7 6.0 6.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 231.5 313.7 318.9 306.5 314.8 310.2 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 231.5 313.7 318.9 306.5 314.8 310.2 Official creditors 160.9 296.6 308.2 299.2 300.6 299.8 Multilateral 135.4 252.2 255.6 251.7 245.8 240.7 of which: World Bank 22.3 33.0 32.0 31.5 32.7 31.8 Bilateral 25.5 44.4 52.6 47.5 54.7 59.0 Private creditors 70.6 17.1 10.7 7.3 14.3 10.5 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 10.4 9.1 Commercial banks and others 70.6 17.1 10.7 7.3 3.9 1.3 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 0.5 27.2 24.9 22.9 21.9 18.0 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 5.7 -1.0 -1.3 -2.3 -3.5 Long-term 32.3 27.2 4.1 -11.4 6.3 -3.8 Official creditors 26.4 27.6 10.5 -8.0 -0.7 0.0 Multilateral 29.7 15.8 2.2 -3.0 -7.7 -4.3 of which: World Bank 1.1 2.1 0.2 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 Bilateral -3.3 11.9 8.3 -5.0 7.0 4.3 Private creditors 5.9 -0.4 -6.4 -3.4 7.0 -3.8 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 10.4 -1.2 Banks and other private 5.9 -0.4 -6.4 -3.4 -3.4 -2.6 Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 75.2 109.9 53.6 154.7 99.8 100.3 Portfolio equity .. 0.7 -0.4 -0.8 -0.8 -0.1 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 105.4 130.0 119.3 112.0 117.0 101.6 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 34.5 46.1 41.5 40.6 40.5 37.6 Debt service to exports (%) 13.9 11.6 11.6 10.8 11.6 12.3 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.1 0.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 58.3 74.0 74.3 75.5 72.9 73.4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 36.0 46.2 48.3 57.6 54.0 51.7 Gross national income (GNI) 672.6 739.9 829.4 820.6 831.3 873.0 125 SUDAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 20,335 21,782 21,426 21,114 21,745 21,596 Use of IMF Credit 486 591 557 531 555 542 Long-term external debt 13,163 15,945 15,797 15,546 15,875 15,672 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13,163 15,945 15,797 15,546 15,875 15,672 Public Sector 13,163 15,945 15,797 15,546 15,875 15,672 of which: General Government 13,143 15,924 15,777 15,525 15,855 15,652 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 6,685 5,247 5,072 5,037 5,315 5,382 Disbursements (long-term) 673 291 558 151 116 88 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 673 291 558 151 116 88 Public Sector 673 291 558 151 116 88 of which: General Government 673 291 558 151 116 88 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 219 180 414 224 139 159 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 219 180 414 224 139 159 Public Sector 219 180 414 224 139 159 of which: General Government 219 180 414 224 139 159 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 69 69 100 59 87 51 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 69 69 100 59 87 51 Public Sector 69 69 100 59 87 51 of which: General Government 69 69 100 59 87 51 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 13,163 15,945 15,797 15,546 15,875 15,672 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 13,163 15,945 15,797 15,546 15,875 15,672 Official creditors 10,773 11,373 11,231 11,025 11,276 11,092 Multilateral 3,323 3,498 3,376 3,378 3,525 3,504 of which: World Bank 1,300 1,246 1,228 1,219 1,283 1,283 Bilateral 7,450 7,875 7,855 7,648 7,751 7,587 Private creditors 2,390 4,572 4,566 4,520 4,599 4,580 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 2,390 4,572 4,566 4,520 4,599 4,580 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 486 591 557 531 555 542 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -66 -11 -8 -10 -7 .. Long-term 454 112 145 -73 -24 -71 Official creditors 454 112 145 -73 -24 -71 Multilateral 154 56 -3 55 29 27 of which: World Bank -1 8 18 17 16 20 Bilateral 299 55 147 -128 -52 -98 Private creditors .. .. .. .. 0 0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. .. .. .. 0 0 Short-term 104 -103 -43 -21 60 51 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment -947 1,251 1,728 1,064 1,065 1,136 Portfolio equity 72 2 .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 167 359 436 455 370 422 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 40 29 24 24 19 57 Debt service to exports (%) 3 4 11 6 4 4 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 33 24 24 24 24 25 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 16 16 16 16 16 16 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 7 1 1 1 1 .. Gross national income (GNI) 50,828 74,214 87,965 86,576 112,471 37,949 126 SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 5,389 4,609 4,420 4,368 4,605 4,589 Use of IMF Credit 56 404 387 375 398 388 Long-term external debt 4,747 3,672 3,529 3,498 3,654 3,652 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,747 3,672 3,529 3,498 3,654 3,652 Public Sector 4,747 3,672 3,529 3,498 3,654 3,652 of which: General Government 4,071 3,156 3,035 3,013 3,144 3,153 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 585 533 504 496 553 549 Disbursements (long-term) 285 0 0 0 0 63 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 285 0 0 0 0 63 Public Sector 285 0 0 0 0 63 of which: General Government 221 0 0 0 0 63 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 560 .. 0 0 0 17 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 560 .. 0 0 0 17 Public Sector 560 .. 0 0 0 17 of which: General Government 444 .. 0 0 0 17 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 125 .. 0 0 0 1 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 125 .. 0 0 0 1 Public Sector 125 .. 0 0 0 1 of which: General Government 104 .. 0 0 0 1 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 4,747 3,672 3,529 3,498 3,654 3,652 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 4,747 3,672 3,529 3,498 3,654 3,652 Official creditors 4,747 3,672 3,529 3,498 3,654 3,652 Multilateral 1,548 1,542 1,434 1,403 1,512 1,472 of which: World Bank 18 14 14 14 14 14 Bilateral 3,200 2,130 2,095 2,095 2,142 2,180 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 56 404 387 375 398 388 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term -275 0 0 0 0 46 Official creditors -275 0 0 0 0 46 Multilateral 85 0 0 0 0 1 of which: World Bank -1 0 0 0 0 0 Bilateral -360 0 0 0 0 44 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term -71 47 -46 -25 0 1 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,466 .. .. .. .. .. Portfolio equity 0 .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 27 .. .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt service to exports (%) 3 .. .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11 12 11 11 12 12 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 29 33 32 32 33 32 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 317 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) .. .. .. .. .. .. 127 TAJIKISTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,497 5,123 5,142 5,166 6,098 5,977 Use of IMF Credit 142 266 244 217 204 170 Long-term external debt 2,265 3,692 3,938 4,135 5,149 4,933 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,379 1,983 2,091 2,154 2,894 2,857 Public Sector 1,379 1,983 2,091 2,154 2,894 2,857 of which: General Government 1,366 1,979 2,087 2,149 2,890 2,851 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 887 1,709 1,847 1,981 2,254 2,076 Short-term external debt 90 1,164 961 814 745 874 Disbursements (long-term) 379 615 643 716 1,061 481 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 356 128 251 211 790 127 Public Sector 356 128 251 211 790 127 of which: General Government 356 128 249 209 790 125 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 24 487 392 505 271 354 Principal repayments (long-term) 63 314 197 486 604 402 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 51 101 96 112 113 129 Public Sector 51 101 96 112 113 129 of which: General Government 43 95 94 111 113 128 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 12 213 101 374 490 273 Interest payments (long-term) 29 92 89 108 60 120 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 27 32 30 35 37 72 Public Sector 27 32 30 35 37 72 of which: General Government 23 32 30 35 37 71 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2 60 59 73 23 48 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,265 3,692 3,938 4,135 5,149 4,933 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,379 1,983 2,091 2,154 2,894 2,857 Official creditors 1,376 1,982 2,090 2,154 2,394 2,357 Multilateral 735 931 905 866 955 997 of which: World Bank 365 337 316 305 326 333 Bilateral 641 1,051 1,186 1,288 1,440 1,360 Private creditors 3 1 0 0 500 500 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 500 500 Commercial banks and others 3 1 0 0 0 0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 887 1,709 1,847 1,981 2,254 2,076 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 887 1,709 1,847 1,981 2,254 2,076 Use of IMF Credit 142 266 244 217 204 170 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -31 -4 -11 -20 -25 -30 Long-term 316 301 446 229 458 80 Official creditors 305 28 155 99 177 -2 Multilateral 60 20 8 -17 47 61 of which: World Bank 7 -7 -7 -1 3 15 Bilateral 245 8 148 116 130 -63 Private creditors 11 274 291 130 281 81 Bondholders .. .. .. .. 500 0 Banks and other private 11 274 291 130 -219 81 Short-term 18 35 -204 -147 -69 129 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 376 134 201 108 68 142 Portfolio equity 0 1 0 0 0 0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 117 161 201 230 226 225 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 49 45 55 63 74 68 Debt service to exports (%) 6 13 12 28 26 22 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 23 19 16 12 15 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 29 18 18 17 16 17 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 4 3 1 2 11 6 Gross national income (GNI) 5,108 11,420 9,381 8,165 8,244 8,834 128 TANZANIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 6,010 14,503 15,278 16,189 18,397 18,585 Use of IMF Credit 66 682 592 515 459 364 Long-term external debt 4,601 11,742 12,827 13,637 15,878 16,409 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,712 9,884 10,630 10,963 12,659 12,792 Public Sector 3,712 9,884 10,630 10,963 12,659 12,792 of which: General Government 3,667 9,848 10,597 10,930 12,623 12,758 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 889 1,859 2,197 2,674 3,219 3,617 Short-term external debt 1,344 2,078 1,859 2,037 2,060 1,812 Disbursements (long-term) 523 1,580 1,558 1,330 2,152 1,494 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 523 1,296 1,142 854 1,593 1,026 Public Sector 523 1,296 1,142 854 1,593 1,026 of which: General Government 523 1,296 1,142 854 1,593 1,026 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 284 416 476 558 468 Principal repayments (long-term) 23 142 172 433 462 757 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14 78 93 296 331 687 Public Sector 14 78 93 296 331 687 of which: General Government 14 78 93 296 331 687 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 9 64 78 138 130 70 Interest payments (long-term) 27 81 107 181 180 218 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21 74 97 165 165 203 Public Sector 21 74 97 165 165 203 of which: General Government 21 74 97 165 165 203 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 6 7 10 16 15 16 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 4,601 11,742 12,827 13,637 15,878 16,409 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,712 9,884 10,630 10,963 12,659 12,792 Official creditors 3,612 8,535 9,335 9,852 11,234 11,795 Multilateral 2,677 6,813 7,356 7,653 8,751 9,254 of which: World Bank 1,971 5,045 5,399 5,621 6,467 6,815 Bilateral 935 1,723 1,979 2,199 2,483 2,541 Private creditors 100 1,349 1,295 1,111 1,424 997 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 100 1,349 1,295 1,111 1,424 997 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 889 1,859 2,197 2,674 3,219 3,617 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 889 1,859 2,197 2,674 3,219 3,617 Use of IMF Credit 66 682 592 515 459 364 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. -28 -61 -62 -84 -85 Long-term 500 1,439 1,387 897 1,690 737 Official creditors 509 1,219 1,086 738 966 761 Multilateral 510 797 804 502 730 690 of which: World Bank 393 614 581 398 519 517 Bilateral -1 422 282 236 236 71 Private creditors -9 219 301 159 724 -24 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -9 219 301 159 724 -24 Short-term 172 304 -211 193 -17 -237 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 398 1,004 1,061 888 976 1,105 Portfolio equity 3 4 4 4 4 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 105 167 171 173 207 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 30 33 33 35 33 Debt service to exports (%) 1 3 4 7 8 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 22 14 12 13 11 10 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 45 47 48 47 48 50 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 48 30 27 27 32 27 Gross national income (GNI) 27,627 49,140 46,478 48,664 52,107 56,211 129 THAILAND (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 66,619 146,057 131,819 137,571 157,583 169,241 Use of IMF Credit 130 1,406 1,345 1,304 1,382 1,349 Long-term external debt 46,033 88,603 78,289 83,477 91,551 107,586 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9,859 25,228 22,420 23,192 29,544 35,606 Public Sector 9,859 25,228 22,420 23,192 29,544 35,606 of which: General Government 4,380 21,871 19,415 20,363 26,552 32,835 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 36,174 63,375 55,869 60,285 62,007 71,980 Short-term external debt 20,455 56,048 52,186 52,790 64,650 60,305 Disbursements (long-term) 13,526 19,437 13,723 16,799 21,092 40,237 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,638 479 184 1,133 6,600 6,889 Public Sector 1,638 479 184 1,133 6,600 6,889 of which: General Government 1,617 299 143 1,113 6,324 6,886 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 11,888 18,958 13,539 15,666 14,492 33,348 Principal repayments (long-term) 15,417 24,236 17,304 12,332 13,452 16,768 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,184 454 1,154 482 396 908 Public Sector 2,184 454 1,154 482 396 908 of which: General Government 1,369 159 769 196 194 641 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 13,233 23,782 16,149 11,850 13,056 15,861 Interest payments (long-term) 1,092 793 786 1,531 819 1,164 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 226 241 235 309 390 697 Public Sector 226 241 235 309 390 697 of which: General Government 63 175 176 250 340 640 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 866 552 551 1,221 429 467 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 46,033 88,603 78,289 83,477 91,551 107,586 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 9,859 25,228 22,420 23,192 29,544 35,606 Official creditors 6,984 5,558 5,392 5,483 5,592 5,099 Multilateral 264 1,364 1,344 1,304 1,261 1,313 of which: World Bank 128 1,046 1,039 1,032 1,025 1,018 Bilateral 6,720 4,195 4,048 4,179 4,331 3,786 Private creditors 2,875 19,670 17,028 17,709 23,952 30,507 Bondholders 2,304 19,554 17,000 17,685 23,929 30,483 Commercial banks and others 571 116 28 24 23 23 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 36,174 63,375 55,869 60,285 62,007 71,980 Bondholders 5,068 11,920 8,888 9,188 10,043 12,841 Commercial banks and others 31,107 51,455 46,981 51,097 51,964 59,139 Use of IMF Credit 130 1,406 1,345 1,304 1,382 1,349 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term -1,891 -4,800 -3,581 4,467 7,640 23,469 Official creditors -744 131 -160 -31 -39 -574 Multilateral -28 -10 -20 -40 -43 52 of which: World Bank -2 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 Bilateral -716 141 -140 9 4 -625 Private creditors -1,147 -4,931 -3,421 4,498 7,679 24,042 Bondholders 709 3,645 -1,956 985 7,099 9,356 Banks and other private -1,855 -8,576 -1,465 3,513 580 14,686 Short-term 2,156 -5,848 -3,862 604 11,860 -4,345 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 8,256 10,934 9,874 4,327 8,875 13,292 Portfolio equity -9,442 -5,811 -8,969 -786 598 -7,100 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 31 50 47 48 49 49 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 24 38 35 35 36 35 Debt service to exports (%) 8 9 7 5 5 5 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 31 38 40 38 41 36 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 0 1 1 1 1 1 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 163 104 115 121 124 118 Gross national income (GNI) 280,757 386,382 380,595 392,935 434,950 482,317 130 TIMOR-LESTE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks .. 104.3 116.7 80.9 124.5 158.1 Use of IMF Credit .. 11.2 10.7 10.4 11.0 10.7 Long-term external debt .. 21.8 45.7 70.5 110.5 144.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 21.8 45.7 70.5 110.5 144.7 Public Sector .. 21.8 45.7 70.5 110.5 144.7 of which: General Government .. 21.8 45.7 70.5 110.5 144.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt .. 71.3 60.3 0.0 3.0 2.6 Disbursements (long-term) .. 15.0 24.0 25.1 35.7 40.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 15.0 24.0 25.1 35.7 40.0 Public Sector .. 15.0 24.0 25.1 35.7 40.0 of which: General Government .. 15.0 24.0 25.1 35.7 40.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 Public Sector .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 of which: General Government .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) .. 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.5 2.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.5 2.5 Public Sector .. 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.5 2.5 of which: General Government .. 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.5 2.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks .. 21.8 45.7 70.5 110.5 144.7 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: .. 21.8 45.7 70.5 110.5 144.7 Official creditors .. 21.8 45.7 70.5 110.5 144.7 Multilateral .. 19.5 43.4 68.1 101.4 131.5 of which: World Bank .. 2.9 10.0 15.6 27.0 33.5 Bilateral .. 2.3 2.3 2.4 9.1 13.2 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit .. 11.2 10.7 10.4 11.0 10.7 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. .. .. .. .. .. Long-term .. 15.0 24.0 25.1 35.5 39.3 Official creditors .. 15.0 24.0 25.1 35.5 39.3 Multilateral .. 15.0 24.0 25.1 28.7 35.4 of which: World Bank .. 2.9 7.1 5.6 11.4 7.5 Bilateral .. .. .. .. 6.7 3.9 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term .. 1.0 -11.0 -60.3 3.0 -0.4 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 39.7 33.9 43.0 5.5 6.7 47.9 Portfolio equity .. 0.0 .. .. 0.0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. 4.6 8.3 12.3 14.2 15.7 External debt stocks to GNI (%) .. 3.1 4.2 3.6 5.5 6.7 Debt service to exports (%) .. 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 68.3 51.7 0.0 2.4 1.6 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 18.7 37.2 84.2 81.4 83.2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. 298.6 375.0 347.3 437.2 426.4 Gross national income (GNI) 3,283.7 3,340.8 2,795.1 2,264.0 2,265.3 2,361.0 131 TOGO (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 1,641.7 986.3 1,064.2 1,170.4 1,634.1 1,760.7 Use of IMF Credit 65.0 226.6 200.6 171.3 226.0 266.0 Long-term external debt 1,468.8 670.4 799.7 940.3 1,139.6 1,215.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,468.8 670.4 799.7 940.3 1,139.6 1,215.8 Public Sector 1,468.8 670.4 799.7 940.3 1,139.6 1,215.8 of which: General Government 1,443.9 665.2 795.0 936.3 1,135.6 1,212.1 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 107.8 89.3 63.9 58.7 268.5 278.9 Disbursements (long-term) 2.2 176.0 187.5 205.9 177.1 168.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2.2 176.0 187.5 205.9 177.1 168.0 Public Sector 2.2 176.0 187.5 205.9 177.1 168.0 of which: General Government 2.2 176.0 187.5 205.9 177.1 168.0 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 140.1 30.6 23.9 41.0 40.0 57.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 140.1 30.6 23.9 41.0 40.0 57.9 Public Sector 140.1 30.6 23.9 41.0 40.0 57.9 of which: General Government 139.5 30.6 23.7 40.4 39.7 57.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 51.3 15.7 18.6 22.6 19.4 26.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 51.3 15.7 18.6 22.6 19.4 26.4 Public Sector 51.3 15.7 18.6 22.6 19.4 26.4 of which: General Government 51.2 15.6 18.6 22.6 19.4 26.4 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,468.8 670.4 799.7 940.3 1,139.6 1,215.8 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,468.8 670.4 799.7 940.3 1,139.6 1,215.8 Official creditors 1,468.8 637.7 768.8 920.8 1,128.5 1,209.7 Multilateral 847.0 283.4 324.7 399.6 512.6 581.6 of which: World Bank 604.2 27.9 30.8 38.7 50.5 66.0 Bilateral 621.9 354.3 444.1 521.2 615.9 628.1 Private creditors .. 32.8 31.0 19.5 11.1 6.1 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 32.8 31.0 19.5 11.1 6.1 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 65.0 226.6 200.6 171.3 226.0 266.0 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 47.7 -12.2 -16.2 -24.1 43.3 46.1 Long-term -137.9 145.4 163.6 164.9 137.1 110.2 Official creditors -137.9 157.3 162.0 175.8 147.5 114.8 Multilateral -137.2 60.9 61.4 85.2 69.3 89.0 of which: World Bank -117.0 14.9 4.2 9.2 9.1 17.3 Bilateral -0.7 96.4 100.6 90.6 78.2 25.9 Private creditors .. -12.0 1.6 -11.0 -10.4 -4.7 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. -12.0 1.6 -11.0 -10.4 -4.7 Short-term 8.0 4.0 -25.5 -4.9 210.2 10.4 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 19.6 97.2 88.0 28.4 -86.8 102.0 Portfolio equity 1.4 .. -0.2 -3.3 -89.0 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 134.9 46.1 57.3 63.1 88.3 .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 49.8 21.4 24.6 26.3 34.3 33.3 Debt service to exports (%) 16.0 2.8 3.2 4.8 5.0 .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 6.6 9.1 6.0 5.0 16.4 15.8 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 51.6 28.7 30.5 34.1 31.4 33.0 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 35.4 51.4 53.9 .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 3,295.2 4,615.0 4,319.8 4,458.4 4,770.8 5,292.8 132 TONGA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 99.0 195.8 184.3 178.0 196.9 188.7 Use of IMF Credit 10.1 9.5 9.1 8.8 9.4 9.2 Long-term external debt 88.8 186.3 175.2 169.1 187.5 179.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 88.8 186.3 175.2 169.1 187.5 179.5 Public Sector 88.8 186.3 175.2 169.1 187.5 179.5 of which: General Government 88.7 186.3 175.2 169.1 187.5 179.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Disbursements (long-term) 8.5 5.1 2.2 7.1 10.1 6.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8.5 5.1 2.2 7.1 10.1 6.9 Public Sector 8.5 5.1 2.2 7.1 10.1 6.9 of which: General Government 8.5 5.1 2.2 7.1 10.1 6.9 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.5 2.9 7.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.5 2.9 7.5 Public Sector 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.5 2.9 7.5 of which: General Government 2.9 4.0 3.5 3.5 2.9 7.5 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 1.7 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 3.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.7 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 3.6 Public Sector 1.7 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 3.6 of which: General Government 1.6 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 3.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 88.8 186.3 175.2 169.1 187.5 179.5 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 88.8 186.3 175.2 169.1 187.5 179.5 Official creditors 88.8 186.1 175.1 169.0 187.4 179.5 Multilateral 72.2 61.2 58.0 60.3 71.3 73.6 of which: World Bank 21.6 25.9 26.5 29.1 37.2 39.1 Bilateral 16.6 124.9 117.1 108.8 116.1 105.9 Private creditors .. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 10.1 9.5 9.1 8.8 9.4 9.2 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 4.8 1.1 -1.3 3.6 7.2 -0.6 Official creditors 4.8 1.5 -1.3 3.6 7.3 -0.6 Multilateral -1.6 2.2 -0.6 4.2 7.3 4.0 of which: World Bank 0.6 4.6 1.7 3.5 6.2 2.8 Bilateral 6.4 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 .. -4.6 Private creditors .. -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Short-term .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1.4 13.2 12.5 6.8 -2.6 14.2 Portfolio equity .. .. .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 156.4 201.4 145.9 145.7 141.1 122.5 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 27.8 43.8 41.9 44.1 45.1 41.3 Debt service to exports (%) 8.7 7.3 5.0 5.1 4.0 7.2 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 72.9 31.3 31.5 33.9 36.2 39.0 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 70.5 81.1 84.7 99.2 100.8 120.4 Gross national income (GNI) 356.5 447.1 440.0 403.6 436.9 457.2 133 TUNISIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 21,476 26,474 27,245 28,364 33,468 34,663 Use of IMF Credit 53 1,537 1,768 1,987 2,105 2,280 Long-term external debt 17,093 18,091 18,903 19,682 23,904 24,289 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14,546 16,577 17,720 18,190 21,832 22,153 Public Sector 14,363 16,214 17,437 17,922 21,534 21,911 of which: General Government 11,717 12,161 13,367 14,046 14,861 15,464 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 183 363 283 268 298 242 Private sector not guaranteed 2,547 1,514 1,182 1,493 2,072 2,136 Short-term external debt 4,330 6,846 6,575 6,694 7,458 8,093 Disbursements (long-term) 1,251 2,427 3,349 1,949 3,910 2,166 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 941 2,427 3,349 1,949 3,910 2,166 Public Sector 904 2,427 3,346 1,916 3,862 2,166 of which: General Government 709 1,454 2,524 1,515 1,130 1,746 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 37 .. 3 33 47 .. Private sector not guaranteed 310 .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 1,184 1,347 1,495 1,312 1,939 1,403 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,072 1,223 1,162 1,210 1,797 1,257 Public Sector 1,056 1,167 1,115 1,170 1,745 1,213 of which: General Government 788 803 667 673 1,292 785 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 16 56 47 40 52 44 Private sector not guaranteed 112 124 332 102 142 146 Interest payments (long-term) 747 462 441 553 581 677 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 633 462 441 457 448 540 Public Sector 626 452 433 452 443 535 of which: General Government 509 326 324 350 327 346 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 7 10 7 6 5 4 Private sector not guaranteed 115 .. .. 96 133 137 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 17,093 18,091 18,903 19,682 23,904 24,289 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 14,546 16,577 17,720 18,190 21,832 22,153 Official creditors 9,381 12,783 12,769 12,790 14,909 14,786 Multilateral 6,075 8,930 9,131 9,201 10,751 10,805 of which: World Bank 1,375 2,062 2,399 2,343 3,160 3,515 Bilateral 3,306 3,853 3,638 3,589 4,158 3,981 Private creditors 5,165 3,793 4,952 5,400 6,923 7,367 Bondholders 4,050 3,364 4,315 4,840 6,263 6,789 Commercial banks and others 1,115 430 637 559 660 578 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,547 1,514 1,182 1,493 2,072 2,136 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 2,547 1,514 1,182 1,493 2,072 2,136 Use of IMF Credit 53 1,537 1,768 1,987 2,105 2,280 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 1,047 301 282 0 228 Long-term 67 1,081 1,854 637 1,971 763 Official creditors -115 651 946 308 817 381 Multilateral -77 241 903 304 577 450 of which: World Bank -205 106 495 -1 569 481 Bilateral -38 410 43 4 240 -69 Private creditors 182 430 908 329 1,154 382 Bondholders .. 500 1,000 500 1,259 591 Banks and other private 182 -71 -92 -171 -105 -208 Short-term 345 274 -271 119 764 635 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,609 1,027 971 631 814 1,036 Portfolio equity -39 72 153 -57 -64 -41 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 84 120 152 163 185 174 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 51 58 65 70 87 90 Debt service to exports (%) 8 9 11 12 17 14 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 20 26 24 24 22 23 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 28 34 34 32 32 31 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 41 27 27 21 18 16 Gross national income (GNI) 42,244 45,928 41,813 40,631 38,688 38,498 134 TURKEY (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 290,572 406,062 399,949 409,421 456,174 445,139 Use of IMF Credit 8,697 1,552 1,485 1,440 1,526 1,490 Long-term external debt 229,362 269,434 293,333 306,738 335,417 328,228 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 83,917 105,469 103,283 107,727 117,895 121,361 Public Sector 83,754 104,987 102,876 107,375 117,549 121,075 of which: General Government 65,875 86,594 82,798 84,350 92,237 93,215 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 162 482 407 352 346 286 Private sector not guaranteed 145,446 163,965 190,050 199,011 217,522 206,867 Short-term external debt 52,512 135,076 105,131 101,243 119,232 115,421 Disbursements (long-term) 65,160 74,895 37,296 81,759 88,315 68,568 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10,690 14,067 9,066 14,323 17,576 15,844 Public Sector 10,631 14,067 9,066 14,323 17,576 15,844 of which: General Government 9,059 9,600 4,750 7,142 12,044 9,467 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 59 .. .. .. 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 54,470 60,828 28,230 67,436 70,739 52,725 Principal repayments (long-term) 40,168 41,472 41,977 61,603 69,142 67,875 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7,735 7,135 6,531 8,437 11,284 10,723 Public Sector 7,735 7,105 6,502 8,392 11,233 10,677 of which: General Government 7,209 6,326 5,674 5,010 7,591 7,376 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 30 29 45 51 45 Private sector not guaranteed 32,433 34,337 35,446 53,166 57,858 57,152 Interest payments (long-term) 11,564 9,937 10,194 10,934 12,099 11,509 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,337 4,611 4,396 4,499 4,874 4,876 Public Sector 5,331 4,606 4,392 4,495 4,870 4,872 of which: General Government 4,489 4,143 3,963 4,000 4,283 4,290 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 6 5 4 4 4 4 Private sector not guaranteed 6,227 5,326 5,798 6,435 7,224 6,633 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 229,362 269,434 293,333 306,738 335,417 328,228 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 83,917 105,469 103,283 107,727 117,895 121,361 Official creditors 19,963 32,348 31,005 31,146 34,844 34,708 Multilateral 13,829 26,441 25,398 25,819 28,722 28,441 of which: World Bank 8,100 12,927 11,731 10,860 12,039 11,685 Bilateral 6,135 5,907 5,607 5,326 6,122 6,267 Private creditors 63,953 73,122 72,278 76,582 83,051 86,653 Bondholders 40,612 62,694 64,243 67,141 74,486 77,420 Commercial banks and others 23,342 10,427 8,035 9,441 8,565 9,233 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 145,446 163,965 190,050 199,011 217,522 206,867 Bondholders 6,759 29,836 29,666 34,475 41,793 38,983 Commercial banks and others 138,687 134,128 160,384 164,536 175,729 167,884 Use of IMF Credit 8,697 1,552 1,485 1,440 1,526 1,490 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 1,588 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 24,992 33,423 -4,681 20,156 19,173 694 Official creditors 2,314 2,129 899 746 887 905 Multilateral 1,787 1,712 985 1,056 433 707 of which: World Bank 564 26 -265 -644 185 5 Bilateral 527 418 -87 -310 454 199 Private creditors 22,678 31,294 -5,580 19,411 18,286 -212 Bondholders 360 13,099 3,016 4,307 9,517 1,798 Banks and other private 22,318 18,195 -8,596 15,104 8,769 -2,009 Short-term 9,370 4,785 -29,944 -3,889 17,989 -3,810 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 17,650 12,692 15,885 10,794 10,175 11,985 Portfolio equity 716 2,559 -2,395 823 3,192 -908 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 156 180 197 212 212 194 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 38 44 47 48 54 59 Debt service to exports (%) 30 26 27 39 40 37 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 18 33 26 25 26 26 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 5 7 6 6 6 6 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 24 26 23 22 18 16 Gross national income (GNI) 756,734 925,981 850,110 854,539 840,505 754,813 135 TURKMENISTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 742.5 409.9 367.0 507.7 783.7 907.3 Use of IMF Credit 107.5 101.2 96.7 93.9 99.4 97.1 Long-term external debt 591.1 307.9 269.5 259.9 267.3 503.6 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 590.5 261.9 231.4 231.4 220.6 468.9 Public Sector 590.5 261.9 231.4 231.4 220.6 468.9 of which: General Government 83.0 117.0 119.7 135.1 127.3 389.4 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0.6 46.0 38.1 28.5 46.8 34.6 Short-term external debt 43.8 0.8 0.8 153.9 417.0 306.7 Disbursements (long-term) 29.5 43.7 22.0 29.4 29.3 276.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 29.2 22.8 9.8 23.8 0.5 269.6 Public Sector 29.2 22.8 9.8 23.8 0.5 269.6 of which: General Government 0.0 16.7 6.3 21.3 0.1 269.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0.3 20.9 12.2 5.6 28.9 6.6 Principal repayments (long-term) 140.8 49.5 49.5 33.9 32.6 39.9 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 139.3 35.3 32.1 17.7 18.0 17.4 Public Sector 139.3 35.3 32.1 17.7 18.0 17.4 of which: General Government 14.9 3.8 3.7 6.7 8.7 7.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1.5 14.2 17.3 16.2 14.5 22.6 Interest payments (long-term) 26.7 6.7 5.5 4.7 5.2 5.5 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 26.6 6.0 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.8 Public Sector 26.6 6.0 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.8 of which: General Government 3.4 1.2 1.1 1.5 2.1 2.6 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.7 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 591.1 307.9 269.5 259.9 267.3 503.6 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 590.5 261.9 231.4 231.4 220.6 468.9 Official creditors 504.0 261.9 231.4 231.4 220.6 199.3 Multilateral 20.1 93.5 97.9 114.5 107.9 102.0 of which: World Bank 14.2 4.9 3.0 1.0 0.0 .. Bilateral 483.9 168.4 133.5 116.9 112.7 97.3 Private creditors 86.5 .. .. .. .. 269.6 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 86.5 .. .. .. .. 269.6 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0.6 46.0 38.1 28.5 46.8 34.6 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 0.6 46.0 38.1 28.5 46.8 34.6 Use of IMF Credit 107.5 101.2 96.7 93.9 99.4 97.1 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. Long-term -111.3 -5.8 -27.4 -4.5 -3.2 236.3 Official creditors -75.1 -12.5 -22.3 6.0 -17.6 -17.4 Multilateral -2.8 14.9 4.4 16.6 -6.6 -5.8 of which: World Bank -1.2 -1.8 -1.9 -2.0 -1.0 .. Bilateral -72.3 -27.4 -26.7 -10.6 -10.9 -11.5 Private creditors -36.2 6.7 -5.1 -10.6 14.4 253.7 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -36.2 6.7 -5.1 -10.6 14.4 253.7 Short-term -45.0 -70.0 0.0 153.1 263.0 -110.3 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 1,277.0 3,830.1 3,043.0 2,243.2 2,085.9 1,985.1 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 4.1 1.0 1.1 1.4 2.2 2.3 Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 5.9 0.2 0.2 30.3 53.2 33.8 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 2.7 22.8 26.7 22.6 13.8 11.2 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 18,235.7 39,603.2 33,705.6 35,225.9 36,352.3 39,044.2 136 UGANDA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 2,298 8,655 9,574 10,091 11,689 12,330 Use of IMF Credit 55 252 240 233 246 241 Long-term external debt 1,785 7,869 8,779 9,356 10,969 11,581 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,785 4,216 4,872 5,450 6,906 7,716 Public Sector 1,784 4,212 4,868 5,446 6,903 7,713 of which: General Government 1,782 4,211 4,867 5,446 6,902 7,712 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 1 5 4 4 4 4 Private sector not guaranteed .. 3,653 3,907 3,906 4,063 3,865 Short-term external debt 458 533 554 502 473 509 Disbursements (long-term) 277 462 1,135 938 1,965 1,167 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 277 462 881 786 1,272 1,167 Public Sector 277 462 881 786 1,272 1,167 of which: General Government 277 462 881 786 1,272 1,167 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 254 151 693 .. Principal repayments (long-term) 53 155 46 779 98 463 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 53 52 46 46 98 224 Public Sector 53 52 45 46 98 224 of which: General Government 53 52 45 46 98 224 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 0 0 0 0 .. Private sector not guaranteed .. 103 .. 733 .. 239 Interest payments (long-term) 15 44 41 57 81 220 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15 44 41 55 81 98 Public Sector 15 44 41 55 81 98 of which: General Government 15 44 41 55 81 98 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. 1 .. 122 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 1,785 7,869 8,779 9,356 10,969 11,581 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,785 4,216 4,872 5,450 6,906 7,716 Official creditors 1,760 4,216 4,872 5,450 6,906 7,676 Multilateral 1,565 3,651 3,887 4,080 4,887 5,059 of which: World Bank 1,004 2,407 2,510 2,576 2,980 3,095 Bilateral 195 565 985 1,370 2,019 2,617 Private creditors 25 .. .. .. 0 41 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 25 .. .. .. 0 41 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 3,653 3,907 3,906 4,063 3,865 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. 3,653 3,907 3,906 4,063 3,865 Use of IMF Credit 55 252 240 233 246 241 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 0 -2 -1 0 .. .. Long-term 224 307 1,090 158 1,867 704 Official creditors 225 410 836 740 1,174 901 Multilateral 239 315 398 338 555 286 of which: World Bank 172 163 212 163 245 190 Bilateral -14 95 438 402 619 615 Private creditors -1 -103 254 -582 693 -197 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -1 -103 254 -582 693 -197 Short-term 432 64 22 -52 -29 36 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 578 741 552 396 708 1,264 Portfolio equity 13 5 10 16 15 49 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 72 175 201 208 228 218 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 16 32 36 43 46 46 Debt service to exports (%) 2 4 2 17 4 12 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 20 6 6 5 4 4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 68 42 41 40 42 41 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 100 38 30 31 32 27 Gross national income (GNI) 13,981 26,685 26,613 23,659 25,380 26,608 137 UKRAINE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 99,523 126,817 117,456 115,006 115,435 114,512 Use of IMF Credit 6,726 7,608 12,486 13,075 14,001 12,997 Long-term external debt 72,161 96,521 84,957 81,708 79,174 80,825 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15,904 33,057 32,431 33,106 36,072 36,221 Public Sector 15,904 33,057 32,431 33,106 36,072 36,221 of which: General Government 14,777 31,075 30,432 31,051 33,723 35,484 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 56,257 63,463 52,526 48,602 43,102 44,604 Short-term external debt 20,636 22,689 20,013 20,223 22,259 20,690 Disbursements (long-term) 31,603 11,457 18,695 5,020 8,177 9,496 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,109 4,807 15,518 2,752 5,759 4,060 Public Sector 1,109 4,807 15,518 2,752 5,759 4,060 of which: General Government 1,069 4,675 15,486 2,681 5,448 3,720 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 30,493 6,650 3,176 2,268 2,418 5,437 Principal repayments (long-term) 14,347 11,821 23,819 8,608 8,507 8,846 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,234 2,323 13,580 1,898 3,455 3,603 Public Sector 1,234 2,323 13,580 1,898 3,455 3,603 of which: General Government 932 2,281 13,565 1,882 3,439 1,657 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 13,113 9,499 10,239 6,710 5,051 5,243 Interest payments (long-term) 3,347 5,049 4,012 3,116 2,975 2,809 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 735 1,503 1,289 1,435 1,502 1,464 Public Sector 735 1,503 1,289 1,435 1,502 1,464 of which: General Government 603 1,355 1,142 1,286 1,347 1,437 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 2,613 3,546 2,723 1,681 1,473 1,345 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 72,161 96,521 84,957 81,708 79,174 80,825 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 15,904 33,057 32,431 33,106 36,072 36,221 Official creditors 6,071 12,519 12,920 12,306 13,838 12,993 Multilateral 4,373 11,662 11,927 10,994 12,247 11,420 of which: World Bank 3,022 4,701 5,590 5,510 5,362 5,335 Bilateral 1,698 857 993 1,312 1,591 1,573 Private creditors 9,833 20,538 19,512 20,800 22,234 23,228 Bondholders 8,027 20,343 19,352 20,643 22,067 22,467 Commercial banks and others 1,805 195 159 156 167 761 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 56,257 63,463 52,526 48,602 43,102 44,604 Bondholders 4,964 7,380 4,495 3,831 4,419 5,344 Commercial banks and others 51,293 56,083 48,031 44,771 38,682 39,260 Use of IMF Credit 6,726 7,608 12,486 13,075 14,001 12,997 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 4,401 884 5,260 995 146 -689 Long-term 17,256 -364 -5,125 -3,588 -330 650 Official creditors 620 2,484 873 -429 880 -566 Multilateral 843 2,491 725 -760 645 -561 of which: World Bank 687 1,387 889 -80 -149 -27 Bilateral -223 -6 147 330 235 -5 Private creditors 16,636 -2,848 -5,997 -3,158 -1,210 1,217 Bondholders 278 -2,554 -1,812 541 1,589 -275 Banks and other private 16,358 -294 -4,185 -3,699 -2,799 1,492 Short-term -2,414 -14,483 -3,299 -974 1,114 -2,088 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 9,612 712 4,003 3,550 1,934 1,969 Portfolio equity 388 -391 177 69 110 -9 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 113 179 219 217 183 161 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 56 96 131 124 106 90 Debt service to exports (%) 21 29 55 23 21 21 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 21 18 17 18 19 18 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 4 9 10 10 11 10 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 5 11 13 15 17 Gross national income (GNI) 178,277 131,945 89,920 92,420 109,177 127,764 138 UZBEKISTAN (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 5,070 12,556 14,059 15,801 16,866 17,630 Use of IMF Credit 405 381 364 353 374 365 Long-term external debt 4,495 11,680 13,024 14,848 15,653 16,542 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,188 4,816 5,709 6,699 7,619 9,481 Public Sector 3,181 4,816 5,709 6,699 7,619 9,481 of which: General Government 2,279 3,369 4,004 4,408 5,162 6,838 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 7 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,306 6,864 7,315 8,149 8,035 7,061 Short-term external debt 171 495 671 600 838 722 Disbursements (long-term) 1,011 2,632 2,387 2,894 2,081 2,612 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 317 923 1,258 1,393 1,100 2,282 Public Sector 317 923 1,258 1,393 1,100 2,282 of which: General Government 200 559 867 657 813 1,903 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 694 1,709 1,130 1,501 981 330 Principal repayments (long-term) 710 683 962 1,008 1,438 691 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 460 307 285 343 343 382 Public Sector 447 307 285 343 343 382 of which: General Government 131 194 176 210 179 198 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 13 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 250 376 677 665 1,095 309 Interest payments (long-term) 141 199 281 354 449 284 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 114 67 73 91 118 143 Public Sector 114 67 73 91 118 143 of which: General Government 71 38 37 49 68 96 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 26 132 208 262 331 141 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 4,495 11,680 13,024 14,848 15,653 16,542 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,188 4,816 5,709 6,699 7,619 9,481 Official creditors 2,707 4,630 5,454 6,430 7,337 9,282 Multilateral 963 2,532 3,128 3,451 3,965 5,507 of which: World Bank 368 494 599 779 910 1,907 Bilateral 1,744 2,098 2,325 2,979 3,372 3,775 Private creditors 482 185 255 269 281 199 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 482 185 255 269 281 199 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,306 6,864 7,315 8,149 8,035 7,061 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,306 6,864 7,315 8,149 8,035 7,061 Use of IMF Credit 405 381 364 353 374 365 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 300 1,950 1,425 1,885 643 1,921 Official creditors 38 537 884 1,026 781 1,972 Multilateral 45 380 629 356 448 1,575 of which: World Bank -1 47 120 196 101 1,013 Bilateral -7 157 255 671 333 397 Private creditors 263 1,413 541 859 -138 -51 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private 263 1,413 541 859 -138 -51 Short-term -35 82 176 -71 238 -116 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 711 757 66 1,129 1,914 639 Portfolio equity .. .. .. 2 3 13 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. 124 112 102 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 16 16 17 19 28 34 Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. 11 13 6 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 3 4 5 4 5 4 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 19 20 22 22 24 31 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. 108 97 90 83 71 Gross national income (GNI) 31,271 79,585 83,307 82,713 60,375 52,023 139 VANUATU (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 148.9 203.3 256.8 293.4 401.4 402.2 Use of IMF Credit 25.1 23.6 46.1 44.7 47.4 43.3 Long-term external debt 89.7 98.9 172.0 210.9 287.6 313.8 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 89.7 98.9 172.0 210.9 287.6 313.8 Public Sector 89.7 98.9 172.0 210.9 287.6 313.8 of which: General Government 89.2 98.6 171.7 210.7 287.4 313.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 34.1 80.8 38.7 37.8 66.4 45.1 Disbursements (long-term) 10.1 0.7 84.8 53.2 68.7 46.4 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.1 0.7 84.8 53.2 68.7 46.4 Public Sector 10.1 0.7 84.8 53.2 68.7 46.4 of which: General Government 10.1 0.7 84.8 53.2 68.7 46.4 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 2.5 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.0 12.0 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2.5 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.0 12.0 Public Sector 2.5 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.0 12.0 of which: General Government 2.5 5.5 5.0 4.9 5.0 11.8 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 1.1 1.4 1.3 3.2 3.5 4.2 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.1 1.4 1.3 3.2 3.5 4.2 Public Sector 1.1 1.4 1.3 3.2 3.5 4.2 of which: General Government 1.1 1.4 1.3 3.2 3.5 4.2 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 89.7 98.9 172.0 210.9 287.6 313.8 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 89.7 98.9 172.0 210.9 287.6 313.8 Official creditors 89.7 98.9 172.0 210.9 287.6 313.8 Multilateral 71.0 47.5 47.7 53.7 76.1 101.8 of which: World Bank 12.9 8.8 9.1 12.2 29.1 54.7 Bilateral 18.7 51.4 124.3 157.2 211.5 212.0 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 25.1 23.6 46.1 44.7 47.4 43.3 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0.0 23.8 0.0 0.0 -3.0 Long-term 7.6 -4.9 79.8 48.3 63.7 34.4 Official creditors 7.6 -4.9 79.8 48.3 63.7 34.4 Multilateral -2.1 -2.5 1.4 6.1 19.6 27.1 of which: World Bank -0.4 -0.6 0.7 3.4 15.8 26.8 Bilateral 9.7 -2.4 78.4 42.1 44.0 7.2 Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term 10.0 57.1 -42.1 -0.9 28.6 -21.3 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 29.6 22.2 16.8 21.6 24.3 38.0 Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 47.5 46.9 71.7 69.9 .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 24.5 24.9 35.6 37.6 47.7 45.9 Debt service to exports (%) 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.1 .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 22.9 39.7 15.1 12.9 16.6 11.2 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 47.7 23.4 18.6 18.3 19.0 25.3 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 77.4 90.5 104.8 91.1 98.4 104.6 Gross national income (GNI) 608.1 815.2 721.5 780.6 840.9 875.4 140 VENEZUELA, RB (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 73,153 161,707 160,909 152,523 148,878 154,898 Use of IMF Credit 488 3,685 3,524 3,419 3,622 3,537 Long-term external debt 52,391 127,435 116,287 107,406 104,016 105,140 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 36,111 70,093 69,000 67,212 69,713 70,837 Public Sector 36,111 70,093 69,000 67,212 69,713 70,837 of which: General Government 29,869 44,134 43,363 40,086 39,714 39,148 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 16,279 57,342 47,286 40,193 34,303 34,303 Short-term external debt 20,274 30,587 41,098 41,698 41,240 46,221 Disbursements (long-term) 14,790 17,180 21,359 2,637 4,009 3,738 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,201 4,852 2,785 2,637 4,009 3,738 Public Sector 5,201 4,852 2,785 2,637 4,009 3,738 of which: General Government 4,840 1,237 1,706 638 1,136 823 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 9,588 12,328 18,574 .. .. 0 Principal repayments (long-term) 7,336 15,027 17,560 11,499 7,526 2,551 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,021 2,620 3,710 4,406 1,635 2,551 Public Sector 3,021 2,620 3,710 4,406 1,635 2,551 of which: General Government 2,435 2,620 2,309 3,896 1,635 1,326 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 4,315 12,407 13,849 7,093 5,891 .. Interest payments (long-term) 4,261 8,649 9,053 7,762 7,245 3,935 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,017 5,762 5,849 5,324 5,172 3,935 Public Sector 3,017 5,762 5,849 5,324 5,172 3,935 of which: General Government 2,449 3,908 3,695 3,287 3,177 1,867 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 1,243 2,887 3,204 2,438 2,073 .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 52,391 127,435 116,287 107,406 104,016 105,140 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 36,111 70,093 69,000 67,212 69,713 70,837 Official creditors 3,550 9,726 10,025 8,754 7,922 8,360 Multilateral 2,701 5,830 6,118 6,032 6,136 6,453 of which: World Bank .. .. .. .. .. .. Bilateral 849 3,897 3,906 2,721 1,786 1,907 Private creditors 32,561 60,367 58,976 58,459 61,791 62,477 Bondholders 30,063 59,535 56,828 54,318 55,199 52,721 Commercial banks and others 2,498 833 2,148 4,141 6,593 9,756 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 16,279 57,342 47,286 40,193 34,303 34,303 Bondholders 3,310 17,080 2,300 1,955 1,800 1,800 Commercial banks and others 12,969 40,261 44,986 38,238 32,503 32,503 Use of IMF Credit 488 3,685 3,524 3,419 3,622 3,537 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit .. 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 7,453 2,153 3,800 -8,862 -3,516 1,187 Official creditors 118 113 303 -1,276 -839 439 Multilateral 179 127 289 -86 102 318 of which: World Bank .. .. .. .. .. .. Bilateral -62 -14 14 -1,190 -941 121 Private creditors 7,336 2,041 3,497 -7,586 -2,677 748 Bondholders 2,479 2,117 -2,594 -2,855 726 -2,478 Banks and other private 4,857 -76 6,091 -4,731 -3,403 3,226 Short-term 621 746 10,511 600 -458 4,710 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 2,638 577 -282 446 -68 956 Portfolio equity 1 49 5 .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 69 206 405 521 .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 34 .. .. .. .. Debt service to exports (%) 11 31 70 69 .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 28 19 26 27 28 30 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 4 4 4 4 4 4 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 45 5 4 2 2 .. Gross national income (GNI) 316,633 476,934 .. .. .. .. 141 VIETNAM (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 26,476 72,449 77,829 85,663 104,091 108,096 Use of IMF Credit 195 456 436 423 448 438 Long-term external debt 22,077 58,389 65,402 72,519 81,744 88,074 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 22,077 44,830 46,363 48,036 51,790 53,321 Public Sector 22,077 44,602 46,144 47,840 51,620 53,176 of which: General Government 19,788 31,119 32,055 33,256 36,162 37,947 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 228 218 196 170 145 Private sector not guaranteed .. 13,559 19,039 24,484 29,954 34,752 Short-term external debt 4,204 13,604 11,991 12,720 21,898 19,585 Disbursements (long-term) 2,799 13,807 12,952 13,112 18,661 21,535 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,799 7,491 4,427 4,458 4,270 4,410 Public Sector 2,799 7,472 4,427 4,458 4,270 4,410 of which: General Government 2,031 4,597 2,771 2,846 2,748 3,347 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 19 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed .. 6,316 8,525 8,654 14,391 17,126 Principal repayments (long-term) 772 5,317 4,928 5,734 11,247 14,909 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 772 2,699 1,883 2,524 2,327 2,581 Public Sector 772 2,699 1,873 2,501 2,302 2,556 of which: General Government 563 1,947 1,046 1,514 1,271 1,402 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. 10 23 25 25 Private sector not guaranteed .. 2,618 3,045 3,210 8,920 12,327 Interest payments (long-term) 466 1,240 1,538 1,411 2,059 2,762 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 466 811 822 879 940 1,043 Public Sector 466 807 818 874 935 1,038 of which: General Government 394 509 471 505 526 601 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 4 4 5 5 5 Private sector not guaranteed .. 429 717 532 1,119 1,718 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 22,077 58,389 65,402 72,519 81,744 88,074 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 22,077 44,830 46,363 48,036 51,790 53,321 Official creditors 19,407 35,910 37,744 40,338 44,773 47,070 Multilateral 8,082 19,077 20,174 21,166 23,286 23,723 of which: World Bank 5,110 12,090 12,638 13,110 14,683 14,968 Bilateral 11,325 16,834 17,570 19,172 21,488 23,346 Private creditors 2,670 8,920 8,618 7,698 7,017 6,251 Bondholders 1,059 1,900 1,877 1,521 1,516 1,511 Commercial banks and others 1,611 7,019 6,742 6,177 5,501 4,740 Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 13,559 19,039 24,484 29,954 34,752 Bondholders .. 290 290 235 235 35 Commercial banks and others .. 13,269 18,749 24,248 29,718 34,717 Use of IMF Credit 195 456 436 423 448 438 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -39 0 .. .. .. .. Long-term 2,027 8,490 8,024 7,378 7,413 6,627 Official creditors 1,613 3,948 2,770 2,844 2,689 2,576 Multilateral 836 2,048 1,800 1,443 1,146 845 of which: World Bank 553 1,338 1,054 830 885 592 Bilateral 777 1,900 971 1,401 1,543 1,731 Private creditors 414 4,542 5,253 4,535 4,724 4,051 Bondholders -31 -685 -23 -411 -5 -205 Banks and other private 445 5,228 5,277 4,946 4,729 4,256 Short-term -190 1,435 -1,613 729 9,178 -2,313 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 8,960 7,676 10,313 12,600 14,100 13,977 Portfolio equity -578 252 134 .. .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 37 45 45 45 46 42 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 41 42 44 49 47 Debt service to exports (%) 2 4 4 4 6 7 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 16 19 15 15 21 18 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 31 26 26 25 22 22 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 90 47 36 43 47 51 Gross national income (GNI) 96,181 177,361 183,321 196,687 213,006 231,476 142 YEMEN, REPUBLIC OF (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 6,229 7,723 7,299 7,063 7,193 7,037 Use of IMF Credit 140 546 522 497 508 469 Long-term external debt 5,696 6,862 6,477 6,322 6,317 6,205 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,696 6,862 6,477 6,322 6,317 6,205 Public Sector 5,696 6,862 6,477 6,322 6,317 6,205 of which: General Government 5,696 5,862 5,477 5,322 5,317 5,205 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Short-term external debt 393 316 300 243 368 362 Disbursements (long-term) 285 455 60 24 4 19 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 285 455 60 24 4 19 Public Sector 285 455 60 24 4 19 of which: General Government 285 455 60 24 4 19 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Principal repayments (long-term) 134 283 282 98 66 71 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 134 283 282 98 66 71 Public Sector 134 283 282 98 66 71 of which: General Government 134 283 282 98 66 71 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Interest payments (long-term) 70 78 74 31 13 13 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 70 78 74 31 13 13 Public Sector 70 78 74 31 13 13 of which: General Government 70 76 71 28 13 13 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. .. Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 5,696 6,862 6,477 6,322 6,317 6,205 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,696 6,862 6,477 6,322 6,317 6,205 Official creditors 5,690 6,862 6,477 6,322 6,317 6,205 Multilateral 3,036 3,484 3,182 3,039 3,110 3,004 of which: World Bank 2,113 1,910 1,780 1,668 1,695 1,586 Bilateral 2,654 3,378 3,295 3,283 3,207 3,201 Private creditors 6 0 .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 6 0 .. .. .. .. Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. .. Use of IMF Credit 140 546 522 497 508 469 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -71 74 0 -10 -18 -27 Long-term 151 172 -222 -74 -62 -52 Official creditors 152 173 -222 -74 -62 -52 Multilateral 163 222 -166 -72 -62 -51 of which: World Bank 70 -46 -51 -64 -66 -71 Bilateral -11 -49 -56 -2 0 0 Private creditors -1 -1 .. .. .. .. Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Banks and other private -1 -1 .. .. .. .. Short-term -28 51 -23 -109 50 -82 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 40 -233 -15 -561 -270 -282 Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 .. .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 59 82 386 738 .. .. External debt stocks to GNI (%) 25 19 18 23 27 26 Debt service to exports (%) 3 4 19 15 .. .. Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 6 4 4 3 5 5 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 49 45 44 43 43 43 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 130 .. .. .. .. .. Gross national income (GNI) 24,996 40,608 41,283 30,904 26,784 26,913 143 ZAMBIA (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 3,080 9,339 11,917 15,359 17,520 19,116 Use of IMF Credit 201 1,011 907 813 794 715 Long-term external debt 2,205 7,459 10,227 13,740 15,782 17,735 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,157 4,893 6,583 7,154 8,880 9,987 Public Sector 1,157 4,893 6,582 7,154 8,880 9,987 of which: General Government 1,087 4,861 6,557 7,133 8,859 9,970 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector 0 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 1,049 2,566 3,645 6,586 6,902 7,748 Short-term external debt 674 868 782 806 945 667 Disbursements (long-term) 239 3,240 3,106 3,768 2,287 2,704 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 118 1,590 1,909 798 1,756 1,473 Public Sector 118 1,590 1,909 798 1,756 1,473 of which: General Government 118 1,590 1,909 798 1,756 1,472 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. 0 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 121 1,650 1,197 2,970 531 1,231 Principal repayments (long-term) 114 231 215 210 370 679 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 61 90 97 146 155 295 Public Sector 61 90 97 146 155 295 of which: General Government 51 86 93 143 152 291 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. 0 0 0 0 Private sector not guaranteed 53 141 118 63 215 385 Interest payments (long-term) 39 123 259 448 386 702 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14 82 189 326 341 445 Public Sector 14 82 189 326 341 445 of which: General Government 13 82 189 325 341 445 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 24 41 69 122 45 256 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 2,205 7,459 10,227 13,740 15,782 17,735 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,157 4,893 6,583 7,154 8,880 9,987 Official creditors 1,108 2,635 3,142 3,718 4,223 4,685 Multilateral 818 1,212 1,295 1,408 1,621 1,813 of which: World Bank 371 667 698 760 894 1,003 Bilateral 290 1,424 1,847 2,310 2,602 2,871 Private creditors 48 2,258 3,441 3,436 4,657 5,302 Bondholders .. 1,750 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Commercial banks and others 48 508 441 436 1,657 2,302 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,049 2,566 3,645 6,586 6,902 7,748 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 1,049 2,566 3,645 6,586 6,902 7,748 Use of IMF Credit 201 1,011 907 813 794 715 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit 11 -35 -61 -69 -66 -61 Long-term 125 3,009 2,891 3,558 1,917 2,024 Official creditors 56 304 590 656 380 530 Multilateral 71 102 136 156 132 230 of which: World Bank 51 76 61 86 86 132 Bilateral -16 202 454 500 248 300 Private creditors 70 2,704 2,301 2,902 1,537 1,495 Bondholders .. 1,000 1,250 0 0 0 Banks and other private 70 1,704 1,051 2,902 1,537 1,495 Short-term 96 78 -87 22 81 -225 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 603 727 309 267 456 -502 Portfolio equity -6 6 0 3 -3 -5 Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) 54 84 145 205 193 191 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 19 35 57 75 71 74 Debt service to exports (%) 3 4 7 10 9 15 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 22 9 7 5 5 3 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 27 13 11 9 9 9 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 36 33 25 15 12 8 Gross national income (GNI) 16,512 26,634 20,807 20,496 24,722 25,953 144 ZIMBABWE (US$ million, unless otherwise indicated) 2008 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Summary external debt data by debtor type Total External debt stocks 5,841 8,372 9,380 11,223 12,115 12,286 Use of IMF Credit 129 487 464 455 482 471 Long-term external debt 3,862 5,256 6,108 7,794 8,208 8,441 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,771 4,027 4,193 4,161 4,232 3,970 Public Sector 3,771 4,027 4,193 4,161 4,232 3,970 of which: General Government 3,142 3,455 3,488 3,531 3,611 3,412 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 91 1,229 1,915 3,633 3,975 4,471 Short-term external debt 1,850 2,629 2,809 2,974 3,425 3,374 Disbursements (long-term) 117 1,579 1,402 1,054 768 744 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 51 211 461 167 107 44 Public Sector 51 211 461 167 107 44 of which: General Government 14 211 253 161 102 44 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 66 1,368 941 887 662 700 Principal repayments (long-term) 54 366 426 988 384 281 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2 111 116 108 111 76 Public Sector 2 111 116 108 111 76 of which: General Government 2 97 69 41 61 26 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 52 255 310 880 273 205 Interest payments (long-term) 10 125 202 121 267 251 Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5 24 38 44 27 11 Public Sector 5 24 38 44 27 11 of which: General Government 5 23 24 23 24 10 Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector .. .. .. .. .. .. Private sector not guaranteed 5 101 164 78 240 240 Summary external debt stock by creditor type Long-term External debt stocks 3,862 5,256 6,108 7,794 8,208 8,441 Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,771 4,027 4,193 4,161 4,232 3,970 Official creditors 3,309 3,580 3,766 3,724 3,776 3,528 Multilateral 1,632 1,561 1,663 1,580 1,439 1,237 of which: World Bank 983 941 912 885 907 896 Bilateral 1,677 2,019 2,102 2,145 2,337 2,292 Private creditors 462 447 427 437 457 442 Bondholders 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial banks and others 462 447 427 437 457 442 Private nonguaranteed debt from: 91 1,229 1,915 3,633 3,975 4,471 Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. .. Commercial banks and others 91 1,229 1,915 3,633 3,975 4,471 Use of IMF Credit 129 487 464 455 482 471 Net financial inflows Net debt inflows Use of IMF Credit -2 -2 -2 -87 .. .. Long-term 63 1,213 976 66 385 463 Official creditors 35 99 341 23 7 -33 Multilateral -2 -2 153 -69 -60 -41 of which: World Bank 0 -2 -7 -13 -5 0 Bilateral 37 101 187 91 67 8 Private creditors 28 1,114 635 43 378 496 Bondholders 0 0 0 0 0 .. Banks and other private 28 1,114 635 43 378 496 Short-term -21 -88 134 93 320 -120 Net equity inflows Foreign direct investment 52 473 399 343 247 745 Portfolio equity .. 130 123 -80 -101 .. Debt ratios External debt stocks to exports (%) .. 197 225 262 245 239 External debt stocks to GNI (%) 147 47 52 60 58 40 Debt service to exports (%) .. 12 16 29 14 12 Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 32 31 30 27 28 27 Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 28 19 18 14 12 10 Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 1 4 4 4 2 1 Gross national income (GNI) 3,972 17,643 17,981 18,773 20,852 30,864 145 Appendix About the Data 147 User Guide to Tables I nternational Debt Statistics 2020 focuses on financial flows, trends in external debt, and other major financial indicators for low- and Statistics The general cutoff date for countries to report data for this publication was end-August 2019. The middle-income countries. This edition of economic aggregates presented in the tables are International Debt Statistics (IDS) has been prepared for the convenience of users. Although reconfigured to offer a more condensed presenta- debt ratios can give useful information about tion of the principal indicators. The longer ver- developments in a debt-servicing capacity, conclu- sion of the report will be found in the online sions drawn from them will not be valid unless tables. accompanied by careful economic evaluation. The macroeconomic data provided are collected from national statistical organizations, which in Tables some cases may be subject to a considerable margin of Aggregate Tables error. The usual care must be taken in interpreting the The aggregate tables are labeled by region name. ratios, particularly for the most recent years, because Data are shown for all low- and middle-income figures may be preliminary and subject to revision. countries and six regional groups (East Asia and Specific country notes describing the sources Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America of information that are not provided by the coun- and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, try are summarized in the “Data Documentation” South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa). section. Unless otherwise specified, data on long- term public and publicly guaranteed external debt Country Tables for 2018 are based on reports provided by the Country tables are labeled by country name country. and ordered alphabetically. Data are shown for More detailed information on data sources, 122 low- and middle-income countries that report methodology, and compilation is provided in the public and publicly guaranteed external debt appendix at the back of this book. to the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System (DRS). The tables also include key debt ratios and the composition of external debt stocks and flows Aggregate Measures for Income for each country. Groups and Regions Each table shows a time series with the most Aggregate measures for income groups and regions recent five years, as well as 2008 as a comparison include the 122 low- and middle-income countries year. Full time series data are available for all that report public and publicly g ­uaranteed external countries in the World Bank’s Open Data web- debt to the World Bank’s DRS, whenever data are site (https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/ available. The aggregate “All low- and middle-income international-debt-statistics). countries” is the sum of data for 122 countries. 149 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 Classification of Countries the classification is fixed for an edition, based on For operational and analytical purposes, the GNI per capita in the most recent year for which World Bank’s main criterion for classifying coun- data are available, all historical data presented are tries is gross national income (GNI) per capita based on the same country grouping. (calculated by the World Bank Atlas method). Every country is classified as low-income, middle- income, or high-income. Low- and middle-income countries are sometimes referred to as develop- Symbols ing countries. The term is used for convenience; 0 or 0.0 means zero or small enough that the it is not intended to imply that all countries in number would round to zero at the displayed the group are experiencing similar development number of decimal places. or that other countries have reached a preferred .. means that data are not available or that aggre- or final stage of ­ development. Because GNI per gates cannot be calculated because of missing capita changes over time, the country composition data in the years shown. of income groups may change from one edition $ indicates current U.S. dollars unless otherwise of International Debt Statistics to the next. Once specified. 150 User Guide to IDS Online Tables and Database T he country tables that were previously available in the International Debt Statistics print edition is now available online. Using an automated query process, these reference tables will be updated based on the revisions to the International Debt Statistics database. Users can access all the online tables, download the PDF version of the publication, and view the report as an eBook on ISSUU, as well as access the database and download the archived editions of the publication by going to http://data.worldbank.org/products/ids. How to Access IDS Online Country Tables To access the IDS online tables, visit http://datatopics.worldbank.org/debt/ids and select from “Country,” “Region,” or “Topic” options. Click on “Analytical” to view the table with a select number of indicators as reported in the IDS publication, or “Standard” to view the tables with the full list of indicators avail- able in the database. 151 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 To access a specific country table directly without going through the above landing page, use the URL http://datatopics.worldbank.org/debt/ids/ and the country code (for example, http://­ datatopics​ worldbank​ .­ .org/debt/ids/country/DZA to view the table for Algeria). Similarly, to view the regional table, click on the “Region” tab and select one of the listed regions (for example http://datatopics​ worldbank.org/debt/ids​ .­ /region/SAS to view the table for South Asia). 152 U se r G u i d e to ID S O nl i ne T ables an d Database Indicators The indicator codes for each of the indicators online and in the publication are listed below. To view a specific indicator online, go to http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ and add the indicator code at the end of the url; for example, to view a page for total debt stocks, this line should be in your browser: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.DOD.DECT.CD. 1. SUMMARY EXTERNAL DEBT DATA External debt stocks DT.DOD.DECT.CD External debt flows   Long-term external debt DT.DOD.DLXF.CD Disbursements DT.DIS.DLTF.CD   Public and publicly guaranteed DT.DOD.DPPG.CD   Long-term external debt DT.DIS.DLXF.CD   Private nonguaranteed DT.DOD.DPNG.CD   IMF purchases DT.DIS.DIMF.CD   Use of IMF credit DT.DOD.DIMF.CD Principal repayments DT.AMT.DLTF.CD   Short-term debt DT.DOD.DSTC.CD   Long-term external debt DT.AMT.DLXF.CD   interest arrears on long-term DT.IXA.DPPG.CD   IMF repurchases DT.AMT.DIMF.CD Net flows DT.NFL.DECT.CD   Long-term external debt DT.NFL.DLXF.CD Memorandum items   Short-term external debt DT.NFL.DSTC.CD Principal arrears on long-term DT.AXA.DPPG.CD Interest payments (INT) DT.INT.DECT.CD Long-term public sector debt DT.DOD.DPPG.CD   Long-term external debt DT.INT.DLXF.CD Long-term private sector debt DT.DOD.PRVS.CD   IMF charges DT.INT.DIMF.CD Public & publicly guaranteed commitments DT.COM.DPPG.CD   Short-term external debt DT.INT.DSTC.CD 2. OTHER NON-DEBT RESOURCE FLOWS 5. MAJOR ECONOMIC AGGREGATES ­nflows) BX.KLT.DINV.CD.WD Foreign direct investment (net equity i Gross national income (GNI) NY.GNP.MKTP.CD Portfolio equity flows BX.PEF.TOTL.CD.WD Exports of goods, services, and primary income BX.GSR.TOTL.CD Personal transfers and compensation of 3. CURRENCY COMPOSITION OF PUBLIC AND PUBLICLY ­employees BX.TRF.PWKR.CD.DT GUARANTEED DEBT (%) Imports of goods, services, and primary Euro DT.CUR.EURO.ZS ­income BM.GSR.TOTL.CD Japanese yen DT.CUR.JYEN.ZS Primary income on FDI (payments) BX.KLT.DREM.CD.DT Pound sterling DT.CUR.UKPS.ZS International reserves FI.RES.TOTL.CD Swiss franc DT.CUR.SWFR.ZS U.S. dollars DT.CUR.USDL.ZS 4. AVERAGE TERMS OF NEW COMMITMENTS 6. RATIOS Official creditors External debt stocks to exports (%) DT.DOD.DECT.EX.ZS   Interest (%) DT.INR.OFFT External debt stocks to GNI (%) DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS   Maturity (years) DT.MAT.OFFT Debt service to exports (%) DOD.DECT.GN.ZS   Grace period (years) DT.GPA.OFFT Short-term to external debt stocks (%) DT.DOD.DSTC.ZS Private creditors Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) DT.DOD.MLAT.ZS   Interest (%) DT.INR.PRVT Reserves to external debt stocks (%) FI.RES.TOTL.DT.ZS   Maturity (years) DT.MAT.PRVT Current account balance BN.CAB.XOKA.CD   Grace period (years) DT.GPA.PRVT Reserves to imports (months) FI.RES.TOTL.MO 153 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 7. LONG-TERM EXTERNAL DEBT Debt outstanding and disbursed DT.DOD.DLXF.CD Interest payments DT.INT.DLXF.CD Public and publicly guaranteed DT.DOD.DPPG.CD Public and publicly guaranteed DT.INT.DPPG.CD Official creditors DT.DOD.OFFT.CD Official creditors DT.INT.OFFT.CD  Multilateral DT.DOD.MLAT.CD  Multilateral DT.INT.MLAT.CD   of which: IBRD DT.DOD.MIBR.CD   of which: IBRD DT.INT.MIBR.CD       IDA DT.DOD.MIDA.CD       IDA DT.INT.MIDA.CD  Bilateral DT.DOD.BLAT.CD  Bilateral DT.INT.BLAT.CD Private creditors DT.DOD.PRVT.CD Private creditors DT.INT.PRVT.CD   of which: Bonds DT.DOD.PBND.CD   of which: Bonds DT.INT.PBND.CD       Commercial banks DT.DOD.PCBK.CD       Commercial banks DT.INT.PCBK.CD Private nonguaranteed DT.DOD.DPNG.CD Private nonguaranteed DT.INT.DPNG.CD   of which: Bonds DT.DOD.PNGB.CD   of which: Bonds DT.INT.PNGB.CD Disbursements DT.DIS.DLXF.CD Principal repayments DT.AMT.DLXF.CD Public and publicly guaranteed DT.DIS.DPPG.CD Public and publicly guaranteed DT.AMT.DPPG.CD Official creditors DT.DIS.OFFT.CD Official creditors DT.AMT.OFFT.CD  Multilateral DT.DIS.MLAT.CD  Multilateral DT.AMT.MLAT.CD   of which: IBRD DT.DIS.MIBR.CD   of which: IBRD DT.AMT.MIBR.CD       IDA DT.DIS.MIDA.CD       IDA DT.AMT.MIDA.CD  Bilateral DT.DIS.BLAT.CD  Bilateral DT.AMT.BLAT.CD Private creditors DT.DIS.PRVT.CD Private creditors DT.AMT.PRVT.CD   of which: Bonds DT.DIS.PBND.CD   of which: Bonds DT.AMT.PBND.CD       Commercial banks DT.DIS.PCBK.CD       Commercial banks DT.AMT.PCBK.CD Private nonguaranteed DT.DIS.DPNG.CD Private nonguaranteed DT.AMT.DPNG.CD   of which: Bonds DT.DIS.PNGB.CD   of which: Bonds DT.AMT.PNGB.CD 10. CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS ON OUTSTANDING LONG-TERM 8. DEBT STOCK-FLOW RECONCILATION EXTERNAL DEBT Total change in external debt stocks DT.DOD.DECT.CD.CG Official creditors Net flows on external debt DT.NFL.DECT.CD  Principal DT.AMT.OFFT.CD  Interest DT.INT.OFFT.CD 9. DEBT STOCK-FLOW RECONCILATION Private creditors  Principal DT.AMT.PRVT.CD Total amount rescheduled DT.DXR.DPPG.CD  Interest DT.INT.PRVT.CD Total amount forgiven DT.DFR.DPPG.CD Debt buyback DT.DSB.DPPG.CD 154 U se r G u i d e to ID S O nl i ne T ables an d Database How to Access the Database DataBank (http://databank.worldbank.org) is an online web resource that provides simple and quick access to collections of time series data. It has advanced functions for selecting and displaying data, per- forming customized queries, downloading data, and creating charts and maps. Users can create dynamic, custom reports based on their selection of countries, indicators, and years. All these reports can be easily edited, shared, and embedded as widgets on websites or blogs. For more information, see http://­ databank​ .worldbank.org/help. Actions Click to share the table using either the embed code or the URL Click to edit and revise the table in DataBank Click to export all metadata to Excel Click to export the table to Excel Click to export the table and corresponding indicator metadata to PDF Click to print the table and corresponding indicator metadata Click to access the IDS Online Tables Help file 155 Data Sources and Methodology Data Sources which the tables in this publication and online Debtor reporting system database are produced. T he principal sources of information for the Data on exports and imports (on a balance tables in International Debt Statistics 2020 of payments basis), international reserves, current are reports to the World Bank through the World account balances, foreign direct investment (FDI) on Bank’s Debtor Reporting System (DRS) from mem- equity, portfolio equity flows, and primary income ber countries that have received either International of FDI are drawn mainly from the IMF, supple- Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) mented by United Nations Conference on Trade and loans or International Development ­ Association Development (UNCTAD) reports and country data. (IDA) credits. The DRS has its origin in the World Balance of payments data are ­ presented according to Bank’s need to monitor and assess the financial the sixth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments position of its borrowers. Since 1951, borrow- Manual (BPM6). Official aid flows come from ers have been required to provide statistics on data collected and published by the Development their public external debt and private sector debt Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation that benefit from a public guarantee. Reporting for Economic Co-operation and Development countries submit reports on the annual status, ­ (OECD). Short-term external debt data are as transactions, and terms of the long-term external reported by debtor countries or are estimates based debt of public agencies and that of private ones on the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) quar- guaranteed by a public agency in the debtor coun- terly series of commercial banks’ claims on low- and try. The DRS maintains these records on a loan- middle-income ­ countries. For some countries, esti- by-loan basis. In 1973, coverage of the DRS was mates were prepared by pooling creditor and debtor expanded to include private sector nonguaranteed information. Data on the gross national income of borrowing, but for this category of debt, data are most low- and middle-income c ­ ountries are collected provided by borrowers in aggregate rather than from national statistical organizations or central loan by loan. banks by visiting and resident World Bank missions. Data submitted to the DRS are processed Every effort has been made to ensure the accu- in the World Bank External Debt (WBXD) sys- racy and completeness of the external debt statistics. tem, along with additional information received Coverage has been improved through the efforts from the African Development Bank, the of the reporting agencies and close collaboration Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American between the Bank and our partners, Commonwealth Development Bank (IDB), the International Secretariat (COMSEC) and UNCTAD, which pro- Monetary Fund (IMF), institutions of the World vide debt recording and reporting systems across Bank Group (IBRD and IDA), and the European the globe, as well as through the work of the World Bank for Reconstruction and Development Bank missions, which visit member countries to (EBRD). The WBXD is an internal system gather data and to provide technical assistance on of the World Bank. Among its outputs is the debt issues. Nevertheless, quality and coverage vary International Debt Statistics (IDS) database, from among debtors and may also vary for the same 157 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 debtor from year to year. Data on long-term exter- Beginning with 1991, all ruble debt owed to nal debt reported by member countries are checked the former Soviet Union has been converted at a against, and supplemented by, data from several rate of US$1 = 0.6 ruble, except in cases where a other sources. Among these sources are the state- bilateral agreement specifying a different conver- ments and reports of several regional development sion rate is in place. Adoption of this methodology banks, government lending agencies, and official does not constitute an endorsement by the World government websites. Bank staff of the appropriateness or validity of the exchange rate used. That matter must be resolved bilaterally between the Russian Federation and its Methodology debtor countries. Aggregations Starting with the 1988–89 edition of World Total debt stock and other aggregate measures are Debt Tables (a predecessor of IDS), all data per- derived from the summation of loan-level data on taining to IBRD loans from 1985 onward are stocks and flows after conversion to a common cur- recorded at their current market value. Starting rency. Other tabulations are compiled using terms with the 1991–92 edition, all data pertaining and conditions reported in the loan-level data, such to Asian Development Bank loans from 1989 as currency composition, cancellations, rescheduling onward are recorded at their current market of other liabilities into long-term public and publicly value. Starting with the 1998 edition, all data guaranteed external debt, and debt buybacks. pertaining to African Development Bank and Aggregates for regional and income groups are African Development Fund loans from 1997 based on the World Bank’s operational classifica- onward are recorded at their current market tions, which may differ from common geographic value. usage or income groups used by other organiza- tions. Country classifications of DRS reporting Debt stock and flow reconciliation countries in 2018 are shown in the country groups Because of currency conversions and the timing of section. The same classification is used for all his- transactions, there may be differences between the torical data shown in International Debt Statistics change in aggregate stocks from one period to the and the online tables and online database. next and flows during the relevant period; changes in debt outstanding, including undisbursed Currency conversion amounts, will therefore differ from commitments Data on external obligations are normally less repayments. reported to the World Bank in the currency of Changes in the stock of debt from one period repayment and are converted into a common to the next can be attributed to five ­ factors: the currency (U.S. dollars) using official exchange ­ net flow of debt, the net change in interest arrears, rates published by the IMF. the capitalization of interest, a reduction in debt Commitments, disbursements, and debt ser- resulting from debt forgiveness or other debt vice payments (flows) are converted to U.S. dollars reduction mechanisms, and c ­ross-currency valua- at the annual average exchange rate for the year. tion effects. Any residual difference in the change Debt outstanding (disbursed and undisbursed) at in stock not explained by one of those five factors the end of a given year (stock) is converted at the may indicate inconsistencies in the reported data exchange rate in effect at the end of the relevant or specific phenomena ­ prevailing in an individual year. Consequently, year-to-year changes in debt country (for example, an i ncomplete historical ­ outstanding and disbursed may not be equal to net series for all categories of debt). Starting in 1989, flows (disbursements less principal repayments); the IDS includes the debt stock reconciliation, but similarly, changes in debt outstanding (including not all components are shown in the IDS print edi- undisbursed debt) may not equal commitments tion and online tables. less repayments. Discrepancies will be particu- larly significant when exchange rates have moved External debt restructuring sharply during the year. Projected debt service is Starting in 1985, the WBXD includes information converted to U.S. dollars at rates in effect at the on the restructuring of debt by official creditors end of December 2018. in the context of the Paris Club, restructuring 158 Data S ou r ces an d M et h o d olog y by commercial creditors, debt swap operations, Projections of future disbursements and debt buybacks, and bond exchanges. It attempts to service payments capture accurately the effect of debt restructuring The WBXD system projects future disbursements on both external debt stocks and external debt and future debt service payments on the assump- flows, consistent with the terms on which the tion that every existing loan commitment will be restructuring takes place. In the compilation and fully used and repaid in full. presentation of external debt data, a distinction is made between cash flows and imputed flows. Future disbursements According to this criterion, restructured service Disbursement projections are made using one of payments and the shift in liabilities from one the following methods: financial instrument to another as a result of debt restructuring are considered to be imputed flows. • Specific schedules. Debtor countries are Both cash flows and imputed flows are recorded requested to submit a schedule of future dis- separately in WBXD. bursements, if available, at the time each new The imputed flows and stock changes associ- loan is first reported. ated with debt restructuring are included in the • Standard schedules. In the absence of specific IDS tables and online database to complement the schedules, the WBXD system projects the cash-basis transactions recorded in the main body future disbursement schedule according to the of the data. Such data encompass information on undisbursed balance of each loan at the end of the debt stock and debt flows restructured each the most recent reporting period. year, the amount of principal forgiven (interest forgiven is shown as a memorandum item), and These projected schedules are based on profiles the amount of external debt stock reduced either derived from the disbursement pattern of compa- by forgiveness or by a debt buyback operation. rable loans that fully disbursed. Thirty different Changes in creditors and debtors that result from profiles have been compiled corresponding to each debt restructuring are also reflected. For example, category of creditor and, in the case of official when insured commercial credits are rescheduled, creditors, for concessional and nonconcessional the creditor classification shifts from private to loans. Each profile is derived by applying regres- official (bilateral), reflecting the assumption of sion analysis techniques to a body of data on actual the assets by the official credit insurance agencies disbursements for each fully disbursed loan in the in the creditor country. The IDS data will show a WBXD database. The profiles are periodically reduction in the external debt owed to the original updated to take into account the evolving pattern private creditors equal or similar to the amount of disbursements observed for fully disbursed loans. of debt restructured and a corresponding increase Future principal payments are generated by in the debt owed to the new official creditor. the WBXD system according to the repayment Similarly on the debtor side, when a government terms of each loan. Principal repayments (amor- accepts responsibility for the payment of restruc- tization) are based on the amount of the loan tured debt previously owed by a private enterprise, commitment. If the amortization schedule fol- the relevant change in the debtor category will lows a set pattern (for example, equal semiannual be reflected. Likewise, if short-term external debt payments), the WBXD system calculates repay- is restructured into a long-term obligation, the ments automatically using the loan commitment stock of short-term external debt will decline and amount, the first and final payment dates, and the the stock of long-term external debt will rise by frequency of the payments. If future payments are the amount of short-term debt restructured. In the irregular, the WBXD system requires a schedule. event of a debt swap of long-term external debt Future interest payments are generated by (external debt to equity, external debt for nature, the WBXD system according to the disbursed and or external debt for development), the face value outstanding balance of the loan at the beginning of of the external debt swapped will be recorded as the period. Using the interest rate specified in the a decline in long-term external debt stock, but loan contract, the first and final interest payment no flow transaction (principal repayment) will be dates, and the frequency of payments, the WBXD recorded. system calculates the stream of future interest 159 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 payments due. If interest payments are irregular, in the IDS tables and database and the relationship the WBXD system requires a schedule. between them, as shown in figure A.1. Information Future debt service payments are the sum about general methods of compiling external debt of future principal and interest payments due on data is discussed in the previous section titled existing commitments, including the undisbursed “Methodology.” For ­ concise definitions, see the portion. They do not include debt service pay- glossary. ments that may become due as a result of new loans contracted in subsequent years, nor do Total external debt they take into account the effect of any change Total external debt shown in the IDS is the sum of to future debt service obligations resulting from long-term external debt, short-term debt, and IMF actions such as prepayment or rescheduling or credit. It represents the total debt owed to nonresi- from cancellations that occurred after the most dent creditors and is repayable in both foreign and recent year-end data reported to the DRS. domestic currency. Both projected disbursements and future debt service payments are converted into U.S. Short-term debt ­ dollars using end-December 2018 exchange rates. Short-term debt is defined as external debt with Likewise, future interest payments on loans with an original maturity of one year or less. The DRS a variable interest rate (for example, loans from requires debtor countries to report only on their commercial banks tied to the London Interbank long-term external debt. However, to gain a com- Offered Rate [LIBOR]) are based on the interest prehensive picture of total external obligations, rate prevailing at end-December 2018. the World Bank encourages debtor countries to voluntarily provide information on their short- Treatment of arrears term external obligations. The DRS collects information on arrears of both By its nature, short-term external debt is dif- principal and interest. Principal in arrears is ficult to monitor: Loan-by-loan registration is included in the amount of long-term external debt normally impractical, and monitoring systems outstanding and is shown separately. Interest in typically rely on information requested periodi- arrears on long-term external debt and interest cally by the central bank from the banking sector. in arrears on the use of IMF credit are included The World Bank regards the debtor country as the as part of short-term external debt outstanding authoritative source of information on its short- and are shown separately. Clearance of interest in term debt. Unless otherwise specified in the coun- arrears by repayment will be recorded as an inter- try tables, the data for short-term debt are derived est payment in the relevant creditor category of the from the data provided by the quarterly external loan (or loans) on which the arrears were incurred, debt statistics database (see QEDS). BIS data on as a corresponding reduction in the level of short- international bank lending is the second source of term debt outstanding, and as a net reduction the short-term debt. These data are reported on in interest arrears. Clearance of interest arrears the basis of residual maturity, but an estimate of through debt restructuring or forgiveness will be short-term external liabilities by original matu- recorded as a reduction in the level of short-term rity can be derived by deducting from claims due debt outstanding and a net reduction in interest in one year those that, 12 months earlier, had a arrears. When interests are rescheduled, they will maturity of between one and two years. However, be capitalized: This change will be recorded as an not all commercial banks report to the BIS in a increase in long-term debt outstanding equal to the way that allows the full maturity distribution to amount of interest capitalized and the reduction in be determined, and the BIS data include liabili- short-term debt outstanding noted ­ previously. ties only to banks within the BIS reporting area. Consequently, the results should be interpreted with caution. The flow of short-term debt may be derived External Debt and Its Components from the change in claims (stock) data in the BIS T his section describes the compilation of the major components of external debt included quarterly series over consecutive periods, but valu- ation adjustments resulting from exchange rate 160 Data S ou r ces an d M et h o d olog y Figure A.1.  External Debt and Its Components Total external debt (EDT) Short-term Long-term debt Use of IMF debt (LDOD) credits by debtor Private Public and publicly nonguaranteed debt guaranteed debt by creditor Official Private creditors creditors Commercial Multilateral Bilateral Bonds Other banks movements will affect the calculations, as will for stocks and average-over-the-period exchange prepayment and refinancing of long-term maturi- rates for flows. IMF trust fund operations under ties falling due. When short-term external debt the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility, has been rescheduled, lags in reporting and differ- Extended Fund Facility, Poverty R ­ eduction and ences in the treatment of the rescheduled external Growth Facility, and Structural Adjustment Facil- debt by debtors and creditors may result in double ity (Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility in counting. 1999) are presented together with all of the IMF’s Interest in arrears on long-term external debt special facilities (buffer stock, supplemental reserve, and interest in arrears on the use of IMF credit compensatory and contingency facilities, oil facili- are added to short-term debt and are separately ties, and other f ­acilities). SDR allocations are also identified. included in this category. According to the BPM6, SDR allocations are recorded as the incurrence of a Use of IMF credit debt liability of the member receiving them (because Data related to the operations of the IMF are pro- of a requirement to repay the allocation in certain vided by the IMF Treasurer’s Department. They circumstances, and also because interest accrues). are converted from special drawing rights (SDR) This debt item was introduced for the first time in into dollars using end-of-period exchange rates IDS 2013 with historical data s ­ tarting in 1999. 161 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 Long-term debt and for any known debt restructuring. Principal Long-term debt has an original maturity of more repayments are estimated on the basis of the average than one year. It comprises the obligations of both maturity observed for loans to private sector bor- public and private debtors. Private nonguaranteed rowers in countries reporting to the DRS and on the debt comprises the external obligations of private basis of the stock of debt outstanding. Interest pay- debtors that are not guaranteed for repayment by ments are estimated on the basis of the stock of debt a public entity in the debtor country. outstanding and interest rates prevailing in interna- Public and publicly guaranteed debt com- tional capital markets. prises the external obligations of public debtors Balance of payments data provide a useful and has two components: (a) public debt, which is guideline in the estimation process: private non- borrowing by the national government or agency, guaranteed external debt may be derived as a by a political subdivision or agency, or by autono- residual between net long-term external borrow- mous public bodies, and (b) publicly guaranteed ing recorded in the balance of payments and net debt, which is borrowing by a private agency that long-term public and publicly guaranteed external is guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. debt reported to the DRS. Private nonguaranteed debt Public and publicly guaranteed debt The DRS reporting requirements were expanded Data related to public and publicly guaranteed debt in 1973 to include long-term private nonguar- are reported to the DRS on a loan-by-loan basis. anteed debt. Data are reported annually on an The data provide annual information on the dis- aggregate basis and include, for the reporting year, bursed and outstanding balance and the undisbursed the total amount of disbursed and ­ outstanding balance of each loan, the cumulative disbursements, debt; the amount of disbursements, principal the principal and interest paid and principal and repayments, and interest payments; the principal interest restructured in the reporting year, and the and interest rescheduled; and the projected prin- stock of any outstanding payment’s arrears of prin- cipal and interest payments for future years. The cipal and interest. Detailed information on the terms aggregate data are usually reported in U.S. dollars, and conditions of each loan is also reported. Public and no information on the underlying currency debt and private debt publicly guaranteed are shown composition is given. separately in this publication. Public sector debt is DRS reporting countries recognize the disaggregated by government and “other public” importance of monitoring borrowing by their and further disaggregated by creditor type. private sector, particularly when it constitutes a significant portion of total external debt, but Official creditors many countries acknowledge the difficulty of this Official creditors include multilateral and bilateral process. Detailed data are available only when lenders. In general, official creditors provide loans countries have registration requirements for pri- (and, in some cases, provide grants) to public bod- vate nonguaranteed debt in place, most commonly ies, although in some cases they may lend to other in connection with exchange controls. When for- entities with a public guarantee. mal registration of private nonguaranteed debt is Multilateral creditors are international financial not mandatory, compilers must rely on balance of institutions such as the World Bank, regional devel- payments data and financial surveys. opment banks, and other multilateral and intergov- The data on private nonguaranteed debt in this ernmental agencies whose lending is administered publication is as reported or as estimated for coun- on a multilateral basis. Funds administered by an tries where this type of external debt is known to be international financial organization on behalf of a significant. The estimation of private nonguaranteed single donor ­ government constitute bilateral loans debt is based on the national data on quarterly exter- (or grants). For lending by a number of multilateral nal debt statistics (QEDS) or IMF data. Flows are creditors, the data presented in this publication are derived from the change in stock over consecutive taken from the creditors’ records. Such creditors periods and are adjusted for the effects of exchange include the African Development Bank, the Asian rate movements (assuming the currency composition Development Bank, the IDB, IBRD, and IDA. (IBRD mirrors that of public and publicly guaranteed debt) and IDA are institutions of the World Bank.) 162 Data S ou r ces an d M et h o d olog y Bilateral creditors are governments and their ­ onguaranteed private creditors are shown N agencies, including central banks, aid agencies, offi- ­separately. ­ utonomous ­ cial export credit agencies, and a agencies Bonds include publicly issued or privately such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the placed bonds. Federal Home Loan Bank. Member countries of the Commercial bank loans are loans from pri- OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) vate banks and other private financial institutions. and some other countries also report information on Credits of other private creditors include loans extended bilaterally or officially guaranteed to credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other the Creditor Reporting System of the OECD. suppliers of goods, plus bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. This line is Private creditors included in the online database but is not shown in Private creditors include commercial banks, the published tables. It can be obtained as the dif- ­ bondholders, and other private creditors. This ference between (a) credits of total private credi- line includes only publicly guaranteed ­ creditors. tors and (b) bonds and commercial bank loans. Data Documentation Country Specific Notes on Debt Country Country Notes Afghanistan Short-term debt before to 2015 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreements signed in 2010 and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Angola Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are estimates based on Central Bank data and are not ­ available before 2009. Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. Argentina Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2008 are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt before 2010 is based on data from the BIS. Azerbaijan Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on the market data. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Bangladesh Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2007 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country and are not available prior to 2007. Belarus Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2014 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Belize Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2008 are based on Central Bank data. Benin Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Bhutan Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Bolivia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Bosnia and Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2005 are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term Herzegovina debt is based on data from the BIS. Botswana Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Bulgaria Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2008 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt before 2009 is World Bank staff estimates based on Central Bank data. The data may include long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt owed by the state-owned railway. Burkina Faso Data include HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Burundi Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Cambodia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are estimates based on Central Bank data. Data include MDRI debt relief. Cameroon Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. 163 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 Country Country Notes Central African Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt Republic relief. Chad Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data from 2016 are World Bank staff estimates based on the original terms of the loans. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC debt relief. China Long-term public and publicly guaranteed and long-term private nonguaranteed are World Bank staff estimates based on the aggregate reports provided by the country and market data. Comoros Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreements signed in 2010 and 2013, and the HIPC debt relief. Congo, Republic of Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Congo, Democratic Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt Republic of restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Costa Rica Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt before 2005 is based on data from the BIS. Côte d’Ivoire Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club agreement signed in 2011, 2012 and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Djibouti Short-term debt before 2017 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement signed in 2008. Dominican Republic Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for 2018 are World Bank staff estimates, prior to 2018 is based on country reports. Short-term debt before 2009 and 2014 onward is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement signed in 2005. El Salvador Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2005 to 2016 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Eritrea Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt from 2010 are World Bank staff estimates. Short- term debt is based on data from the BIS. Eswatini Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Ethiopia Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Fiji Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for 2012 are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Gabon Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data before 2008 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt buyback agreement signed in 2007. Gambia, The Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Ghana Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data only cover bonds. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of MDRI debt relief. Grenada Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Guatemala Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. Guinea Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt for 2016 are World Bank staff estimates. Short- term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement signed in 2010, 2012 and HIPC debt relief. Guinea-Bissau Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Guyana Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data after 2014 are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Principal payment shown from 2012 include rice for oil deal. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Haiti Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data only cover IDB loans. Short-term debt before 2007 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club restructuring agreements signed in 2006 and 2009 and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. 164 Data S ou r ces an d M et h o d olog y Country Country Notes Honduras Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. India External debt data prior to 2003 are revised from fiscal year to calendar year. Long-term public and publicly guaranteed bonds include Foreign Institutional Investor debt (FII) as reported by the Reserve Bank of India. Iran, Islamic Republic of Short-term debt is based on Central Bank data. Jamaica Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. Jordan Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2001 are based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt before 1999 is based on data from the BIS. Kenya Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Kyrgyz Republic Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Lao People’s Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is Democratic Republic based on data from the BIS. Lebanon Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2008 to 2012 are World Bank staff estimates based on the 2013-2017 debt stock. Short-term debt before 2013 is based on data from the BIS. Lesotho Large interest payment was made during 2007 to a creditor country to settle a long-standing claim. Liberia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Data include the effects of Paris Club rescheduling agreement signed in 2008 and 2010, and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Madagascar Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for 2017 and 2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Short-term debt from 2017 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Malawi Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club rescheduling agreement signed in 2006 and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Maldives Long-term private nonguaranteed and short-term debt data from 2006 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Mali Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Mauritania Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of MDRI debt relief. Mauritius Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2009 to 2010 are based on reports provided by the country and do not include offshore liabilities and 2011-2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on reports provided by the country and includes offshore liabilities. Mongolia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2016 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt before 2008 is based on data from the BIS. Montenegro Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for 2018 and 2017 are World Bank staff estimates, prior to 2017 is based on country reports. Short-term debt for 2018 are World Bank staff estimates, prior to 2018 is based on country reports Morocco Short-term debt before 2009 is based on data from the BIS. Mozambique Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Myanmar Long-term public and publicly guaranteed before 2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on the original terms of the loans. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on the market data. Nepal Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Nicaragua Short-term debt before 2007 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Niger Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Nigeria Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2005 are estimates based on market data. 165 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 Country Country Notes Pakistan Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2006 to 2015 World Bank staff estimates based on the reports provided by the country. Short-term debt before 2010 is based on data from the BIS. Papua New Guinea Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Peru Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Philippines Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data no longer include unregistered debt and are revised from 2005 based on the reports provided by the country. Russia Federation Long-term public and publicly guaranteed and long-term private nonguaranteed debt are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Rwanda Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Samoa Short-term debt data are excluded since BIS data include debt liabilities of offshore centers located in the country. BIS short-term debt data for 2016, 2017 and 2018 are $3.9 billion, $4.2 billion and $4.4 billion, respectively. São Tomé and Principe Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Senegal Short-term debt before 2009 is based on data from the BIS. Serbia Beginning 2006, the data for Serbia exclude Montenegro. Short-term debt before 2014 is World Bank staff estimates based on Central Bank data. Sierra Leone Short-term debt before 2016 is based on data from the BIS. Somalia Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on the original terms of the loans. South Africa Long-term public and publicly guaranteed and long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. St. Lucia Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. St. Vincent and the Short-term debt data are excluded since BIS data include debt liabilities of offshore centers located Grenadines in the country. BIS short-term debt data for 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 are $1239 million, $676 million, $806 million, $787 million and $532 million respectively. Sudan Data includes South Sudan. Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data exclude penalty interest. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Syrian Arab Republic Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Tajikistan Short-term debt before 2015 is based on data from the BIS. Data include MDRI debt relief. Tanzania Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data include debt liabilities of Zanzibar. Long-term public, publicly guaranteed and private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on the original terms of the loans. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Timor-Leste Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Togo Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Tunisia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2008 are estimates based on reports provided by the country. Turkey Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data include nonresident deposits made under the Dresdner Bank scheme, amounting to $8.4 million at end-2018. Turkmenistan Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt from 2010 are World Bank staff estimates. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data (excluding bonds) only cover European Bank for Reconstruction and Development lending. Uganda Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. 166 Data S ou r ces an d M et h o d olog y Country Country Notes Uzbekistan Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Vanuatu Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Venezuela, República Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt are World Bank staff estimates based on creditors Bolivariana de data and estimates on the 2016 debt stocks. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data and short- term debt are World Bank staff estimates based on country reports. Vietnam Short-term debt before 2016 is based on data from the BIS. Yemen, Republic of Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Zambia Long-term private nonguaranteed data before 2016 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Zimbabwe Long-term private nonguaranteed data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country. Data from 2001 include late interest fee owed to Paris Club and Commercial Creditors. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Sources of the Macroeconomic based on IMF balance of payments statistics. Indicators Data on foreign direct investments and current T he macroeconomic data are prepared by account balance are prepared by World Bank staff The World Bank from a variety of sources. based on IMF balance of ­ payments statistics and Data on Personal Transfers and Compensation UNCTAD publication. Other macroeconomic of Employees are prepared by World Bank staff data are from IMF balance of payments statistics. ­ ayments sta- Data on exports of goods, services, and primary income are based on countries’ balance of p tistics for the following countries: Benin (2018) Lebanon (2018) St. Lucia (2018) Comoros (2013–17) Nigeria (2018) St. Vincent, and the Grenadines Eswatini (2018) Papua New Guinea (2018) (2018) Grenada (2018) Samoa (2018) Timor-Leste (2018) Guinea (2018) Sri Lanka (2018) Zimbabwe (2018) Kenya (2018) ­ ayments sta- Data on imports of goods, services, and primary income are based on countries’ balance of p tistics for the following countries: Benin (2018) Lebanon (2018) St. Lucia (2018) Comoros (2013–17) Nigeria (2018) St. Vincent, and the Grenadines Eswatini (2018) Papua New Guinea (2018) (2018) Grenada (2018) Samoa (2018) Timor-Leste (2018) Guinea (2018) Sri Lanka (2018) Zimbabwe (2018) Kenya (2018) 167 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 Data on current account balance are based on countries’ balance of payments statistics for the following countries: Algeria (2018) Guinea-Bissau (2018) Samoa (2018) Benin (2018) Kenya (2018) Senegal (2018) Burkina Faso (2018) Lebanon (2018) St. Lucia (2018) Burundi (2018) Malawi (2018) St. Vincent and the Grenadines (2018) Comoros (2013–17) Mali (2018) Timor-Leste (2018) Côte d’Ivoire (2018) Niger (2018) Togo (2018) Dominica (2018) Nigeria (2018) Venezuela, RB (2018) Eswatini (2018) Papua New Guinea (2018) Zimbabwe (from 2018) Grenada (2018) Data on personal transfers and compensation of employees are based on countries’ balance of payments statistics for the following countries: Dominica (2018) Lebanon (2018) St. Lucia (2018) Grenada (2018) Nigeria (2018) St. Vincent and the Grenadines (2018) Guinea (2018) Sri Lanka (2018) Zimbabwe (2018) ­ ountries: Data on portfolio equity are based on countries’ balance of payments statistics for the following c Kenya (2018) Sri Lanka (2018) St. Vincent and the Grenadines (2018) Nigeria (2018) St. Lucia (2018) Sierra Leone (from 2012) Data on primary income on foreign direct investment are based on countries’ balance of payment statistics for the following countries: Dominica (2018) Lebanon (2018) St. Lucia (2018) Grenada (2018) Nigeria (2018) Data on foreign direct investment are based on countries’ balance of payments statistics for the following countries: Dominica (2018) St. Lucia (2018) St. Vincent and the Grenadines (2018) Grenada (2018) 168 Country Groups Regional Groups East Asia and Pacific Tajikistan (A) Iran, Islamic Rep. (A) Gabon (A) Cambodia (A) Turkey (A) Jordan (A) Gambia, The (A) China (P) Turkmenistan (E) Lebanon (A) Ghana (A) Fiji (A) Ukraine (A) Morocco (A) Guinea (A) Indonesia (A) Uzbekistan (A) Syrian Arab Republic (E) Guinea-Bissau (A) Lao PDR (A) Tunisia (A) Kenya (A) Mongolia (A) Latin America and the Caribbean Yemen, Rep. (A) Lesotho (A) Myanmar (A) Liberia (A) Argentina (A) Papua New Guinea (A) South Asia Madagascar (A) Belize (A) Philippines (A) Afghanistan (A) Malawi (A) Bolivia (A) Samoa (A) Bangladesh (A) Mali (A) Brazil (A) Solomon Islands (A) Bhutan (A) Mauritania (A) Colombia (A) Thailand (A) India (A) Mauritius (A) Costa Rica (A) Timon-Leste (A) Maldives (A) Mozambique (A) Dominica (A) Tonga (A) Nepal (A) Niger (A) Dominican Republic (A) Vanuatu (A) Pakistan (A) Nigeria (A) Ecuador (A) Vietnam (A) Sri Lanka (A) Rwanda (A) El Salvador (A) São Tomé and Príncipe (A) Grenada (A) Europe and Central Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Senegal (A) Guatemala (A) Sierra Leone (A) Albania (A) Guyana (A) Angola (A) Somalia (E) Armenia (A) Haiti (A) Benin (A) South Africa (E) Azerbaijan (A) Honduras (A) Botswana (A) Sudanc (P) Belarus (A) Jamaica (A) Burkina Faso (A) Tanzania (E) Bosnia and Herzegovinaa (A) Mexico (A) Burundi (A) Togo (A) Bulgaria (A) Nicaragua (A) Cabo Verde (A) Uganda (A) Georgia (A) Paraguay (A) Cameroon (A) Zambia (A) Kazakhstan (A) Peru (A) Central African Republic (A) Zimbabwe (A) Kosovo (A) St. Lucia (A) Chad (E) Kyrgyz Republic (A) St. Vincent and the Grenadines (A) Comoros (A) Moldova (A) Venezuela, RB (E) Congo, Dem. Rep. (A) Montenegro (A) Congo, Rep. (A) North Macedonia (A) Middle East and North Africa Côte d’Ivoire (A) Romania (A) Algeria (A) Eritrea (E) Russian Federation (P) Djibouti (A) Eswatini (A) Serbiaa,b (A) Egypt, Arab Rep. (A) Ethiopia (A) Note: Letters in parenthesis indicate DRS reporters’ status: (A) as reported, (P) preliminary, and (E) estimated. The status “as reported” indicates that the country was fully current in its reporting under the DRS and that World Bank staff are satisfied that the reported data give an adequate and fair representation of the country’s total public debt. “Preliminary” data are based on reported or collected information, but because of incompleteness or other reasons, an element of staff estimation is included. “Estimated” data indicate that countries are not current in their reporting and that a significant element of staff estimation has been necessary in producing the data tables. a. For Bosnia and Herzegovina, total debt before 1999, excluding IBRD and IMF obligations and short-term debt, is included under Serbia. b. Data prior to 2006 include Montenegro. c. Data include South Sudan. 169 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 Income Groups Low-income countries Middle-income countries Fiji Pakistan Afghanistan Albania Gabon Papua New Guinea Benin Algeria Georgia Paraguay Burkina Faso Angola Ghana Peru Burundi Argentina Grenada Philippines Central African Republic Armenia Guatemala Romania Chad Azerbaijan Guyana Russian Federation Congo, Dem. Rep. Bangladesh Honduras Samoa Eritrea Belarus India São Tomé and Príncipe Ethiopia Belize Indonesia Senegal Gambia, The Bhutan Iran, Islamic Rep. Serbia Guinea Bolivia Jamaica Solomon Islands Guinea-Bissau Bosnia and Herzegovina Jordan South Africa Haiti Botswana Kazakhstan Sri Lanka Liberia Brazil Kenya St. Lucia Madagascar Bulgaria Kosovo St. Vincent and the Grenadines Malawi Cabo Verde Kyrgyz Republic Sudan Mali Cambodia Lao PDR Thailand Mozambique Cameroon Lebanon Timor-Leste Nepal China Lesotho Tonga Niger Colombia Maldives Tunisia Rwanda Comoros Mauritania Turkey Sierra Leone Congo, Rep. Mauritius Turkmenistan Somalia Costa Rica Mexico Ukraine Syrian Arab Republic Côte d’Ivoire Moldova Uzbekistan Tajikistan Djibouti Mongolia Vanuatu Tanzania Dominica Montenegro Venezuela, RB Togo Dominican Republic Morocco Vietnam Uganda Ecuador Myanmar Zambia Yemen, Rep. Egypt, Arab Rep. Nicaragua Zimbabwe El Salvador Nigeria Eswatini North Macedonia Note: Low-income countries are those with a GNI per capita of $1,025 or less in 2018. Middle-income countries are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,026 but less than $12,375. Italicized countries are IDA-only countries as of July 1, 2019; IDA-only excludes blend and IBRD countries. 170 Glossary Debtor Reporting System (DRS) debt, the face value of the debt bought back will be recorded as a decline in stock outstanding of Bilateral official creditors are official agencies long-term debt, and the cash amount received by that make loans on behalf of one government to creditors will be recorded as a principal repay- another government or to public (and, in some ment. For example, if a country buys back long- cases, private) borrowers in another country. term external debt of face value B at a price P, then long-term external debt will decline by Bonds are debt instruments issued by public and B, and principal repayment will increase by P. publicly guaranteed or private debtors with dura- The ­difference between the price at which the debt tions of one year or longer. Bonds usually give was bought back and the face value is recorded as the holder the unconditional right to fixed money a debt stock write-off (the related transactions are income or contractually determined, variable money not separately identified in the International Debt income. Statistics [IDS] publication but are available in the Commitments of public and publicly guaranteed online database). debt constitute the total amount of new long-term Debt forgiveness grants include both debts can- loans to public sector borrowers or borrowers celed by agreement between debtor and creditor with a public sector guarantee extended by official and reductions in the net present value of official and private lenders and for which contracts were nonconcessional loans resulting from concessional signed in the year specified. rescheduling or refinancing. Data are recorded on Concessional debt conveys information about the a disbursement basis and include debt forgiveness borrower’s receipt of aid from official lenders at ­ reditors. from bilateral and multilateral c concessional terms as defined by the World Bank, Debt outstanding and disbursed is the value at that is, loans with an original grant element of year’s end of long-term external debt owed by 35 percent or more. Loans from major regional public and publicly guaranteed debtors and pri- development banks—African Development Bank, vate nonguaranteed debtors. Asian ­Development Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank—are classified as concessional Debt restructurings are revisions to debt service according the World Bank classification. obligations agreed on by creditors and debtors. Such agreements change the amount and timing of Contractual obligations on outstanding long-term future principal and interest payments. external debt are the anticipated debt service pay- ments on long-term external debt contracted up to Debt service to exports is the ratio of the sum of December 31 of the reporting year. principal repayments and interest paid on total long-term debt (public and publicly guaranteed Debt buyback is the repurchase by a debtor of debt and private nonguaranteed debt) to the value its own debt, either at a discount price or at of exports of goods and services and receipts of par value. In the event of a buyback of long-term primary income from abroad. 171 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 Debt stock-flow reconciliation shows the indica- Grants are legally binding commitments that tors that affect the change in debt stocks from one obligate a specific value of funds available for dis- ­ period to the next. bursement for which there is no payment require- ment. They include debt forgiveness grants and Disbursements are drawings during the year speci- grants from bilateral and multilateral agencies (such fied on loan commitments contracted by the bor- as the International Development A ­ ssociation). rower. Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of value Exports of goods, services, and primary income added by all resident producers, plus any product constitute the total value of exports of goods and taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation services, and primary income. of output, plus net receipts of primary income com- External debt flows are debt-related transactions pensation of employees and property income from during the year specified. They include disburse- abroad. Yearly average exchange rates are used to ments, principal repayments, and interest payments. convert GNI from local currency to U.S. dollars. External debt stocks comprise public and publicly Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) Initiative guaranteed long-term external debt, private non- is a program of the World Bank and the Interna- guaranteed long-term external debt, use of IMF tional Monetary Fund (IMF) to provide debt relief credit, and short-term external debt, including to qualifying countries with unsustainable debt interest arrears on long-term debt. burdens. External debt stocks to exports is the ratio of out- Imports of goods, services, and primary income standing external debt to the value of exports of constitute the total value of goods and services goods and services and receipts of primary income imported and income payable to nonresidents. from abroad. Interest arrears on long-term debt are interest pay- ments due but not paid, shown on a cumulative External debt stocks to GNI is the ratio of out- basis. standing external debt to gross national income. Interest arrears are due and payable immediately Foreign direct investment refers to direct invest- and are therefore regarded as short-term obliga- ment equity flows in the reporting economy. It is tions. Thus, an increase in interest arrears on the sum of equity capital, reinvestment earnings, long-term debt will be recorded as an increase in and other capital. Direct investment is a category short-term debt. Interest in arrears on the use of of cross-border investment associated with a resi- IMF credit is also considered to be part of short- dent in one economy having control or a signifi- term external debt. cant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Interest payments are the amounts of interest paid Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary in foreign currency, goods, or services in the year shares or voting stock is the criterion for determin- specified. ing the existence of a direct investment relationship. Interest rate is the interest rate applicable to a Government sector debt consists of all external loan commitment as specified in the loan contract. debt obligations of all levels of the departments, The information presented in International Debt branches, agencies, foundations, institutes, non- Statistics is the average interest on all public and market and non-profit institutions controlled by publicly guaranteed debt committed during the the government, and other publicly controlled specified period. organizations engaging in non-market activities. IMF charges are the amounts of interest paid in Grace period is the time between the date on foreign currency in the year specified for transac- which a loan is committed and the date on which tions with the IMF. the first principal payment is due. The informa- tion presented in International Debt Statistics is IMF purchases are the total drawings on the the average grace period on all public and publicly general resources account of the IMF during the guaranteed debt committed during the specified year specified, excluding drawings in the reserve period. tranche. 172 G lossa r y IMF repurchases are the amounts of principal Personal transfers and compensation of (amortization) paid in foreign currency in the year ­employees is the sum of personal transfers and specified for transactions with the IMF. compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind International reserves constitute the sum of a made or received by resident households to or country’s monetary authority’s holdings of special from nonresident households. Personal trans- drawing rights, its reserve position in the IMF, its fers thus include all current transfers between holdings of foreign exchange, and its holdings of ­ resident and nonresident individuals. Compensa- gold (valued at year-end London prices). tion of employees refers to the income of border, Long-term external debt is debt that has an origi- seasonal, and other short-term workers who are nal or extended maturity of more than one year employed in an economy where they are not resi- and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of dent and of residents employed by nonresident an economy and is repayable in foreign currency, entities. goods, or services. Portfolio equity is the category of international Maturity is the date on which the final principal investment that covers investment in equity securi- repayment on a loan is due. It is the sum of the ties. Equity securities include shares, stocks, par- grace and repayment periods. The information ticipation, or similar documents (such as American presented in International Debt Statistics is the Depositary Receipts) that usually denote owner- average maturity on all public and publicly guar- ship of equity. anteed debt committed during the specified period. Present value of debt outstanding is the nominal Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) is a value of all future debt service obligations on program of the World Bank, the IMF, the Inter- existing debt discounted at prevailing market American Development Bank, and the African rates of interest. The interest rates used in this Development Bank that provides additional debt calculation are the Commercial Interest Reference relief to countries that have completed the HIPC Rates (CIRR) for each relevant currency compiled process. and published by the Organisation for Economic ­ Co-operation and Development. Multilateral official creditors are official agencies owned or governed by more than one country that Primary income on FDI are payments of direct provide loan financing. They include international investment income (debit side), which consist of financial institutions such as the World Bank, income on equity (dividends, branch profits, and regional development banks, and other intergov- reinvested earnings) and income on the intercom- ernmental agencies. pany debt (interest). Multilateral to external debt stocks is the ratio of Principal arrears on long-term debt are principal the stock of debt owed to multilateral creditors to repayments due but not paid on long-term exter- total external debt. nal debt, shown on a cumulative basis. Net flows on external debt are disbursements on Principal repayments are the amounts of principal long-term external debt and IMF purchases minus (amortization) paid in foreign currency, goods, or principal repayments on long-term external debt services in the year specified with respect to long- and IMF repurchases. Up to 1984, this calcula- term external debt. tion included only long-term external debt and Private creditors are bondholders, commercial IMF flows. Since 1985, the calculation includes banks, and other trade-related lenders. the change in stock of short-term debt (excluding interest arrears on long-term external debt). Private nonguaranteed debt is debt owed by pri- vate sector borrowers to external creditors on Official creditors are governments or other loans that do not benefit from a public sector bilateral public entities, such as export-import guarantee by the debtor country. agencies, development agencies, and multilateral financial institutions, such as the World Bank and Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding and regional development banks. disbursed is the value of debt at year’s end of public 173 I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T S T A T I S T I C S 2 0 2 0 sector borrowers, or borrowers with a public sector 1969 to supplement its member countries’ official lenders. guarantee, owed to official and private ­ reserves. The value of SDRs is based on a basket of four key international currencies: the U.S. dol- Public and publicly guaranteed external debt com- lar, the pound sterling, the Japanese yen, and the prises public debt (an external obligation of a public euro. In addition to playing a role as a supple- debtor, such as the national government or agency, mentary reserve asset, SDRs serve as the unit of a political subdivision or agency, or an autonomous account for the IMF and some other international public body) and publicly guaranteed external debt organizations. (an external obligation of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repayment by a p ­ ublic entity). Technical cooperation grants include (a) free- standing technical cooperation grants, which are Public debt is an external obligation of a public intended to finance the transfer of technical and debtor, including all levels of government, state- managerial skills or of technology for the purpose owned enterprises, public corporations, develop- of building up general national capacity without ment banks, and any other autonomous public reference to any specific investment projects, bodies of government. and (b) investment-related technical coopera- Publicly guaranteed debt is an external obligation tion grants, which are aimed at strengthening the of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repay- capacity to execute specific investment projects. ment by a public entity. Total amount forgiven is the total amount of princi- Reserves to external debt stocks is the ratio of pal and interest due, principal and interest in arrears, international reserves to outstanding external debt. and debt stock forgiven in the year specified. Reserves to imports (months) is the ratio of inter- Total amount rescheduled is the total amount national reserves to the value of imports of goods, of external debt rescheduled, including principal services, and primary income in the year shown and interest due, principal and interest in arrears, and is expressed in months: charges, penalties, and debt stock in the year specified. Reserves Total change in external debt stocks is the differ- Imports/12 ence in the external debt stock between two con- secutive years. Short-term external debt has an original matu- rity of one year or less. Available data permit no Use of IMF credit denotes members’ drawings on distinction among public, publicly guaranteed, and ­ the IMF other than amounts drawn against the private nonguaranteed short-term external debt. country’s reserve tranche position. Use of IMF credit includes purchases and drawings under Short-term to external debt stock ratio is the ratio Stand-By, Extended, Structural Adjustment, of short-term external debt to total outstanding Enhanced Structural Adjustment, and Systemic external debt. Transformation Facility Arrangements as well as Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) refer to an interna- trust fund loans. SDR allocations are also included tional reserve asset that was created by the IMF in in this category. 174 ISBN: 978-1-4648-1461-7 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA Telephone: 202 477 1234 Web site: data.worldbank.org E-mail: data@worldbank.org SKU 211461