E4657 V1 Environmental Management Framework Floods Emergency Recovery Project Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina September, 2014 CONTROL SHEET Client: Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry Project: Floods Emergency Recovery Project (FERP) Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Title: Environmental Management Framework Status: Final Document Accounting Code: D-1172 Registry No.: UP-02-996/11 Project manager: Internal control: Director: Name and surname, Dr Irem Silajdžić, M.Sc Sanda Midžić Prof. dr. Tarik title B.Sc.Envtl.Eng. Kurtagić, Kupusović, B.Sc.C.E. B.Sc.C.E. DATE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE 15.08.2014 i GENERAL DATA Consultant: Hydro-Engineering Institute of Civil Engineering Faculty Sarajevo Stjepana Tomića 1 71000 Sarajevo tel: + 387 33 212 466/7 fax: + 387 33 207 949 E-mail: heis@heis.com.ba Web: http://www.heis.com.ba Project Dr Irem Silajdžić, M.SC. Environmental Technology, B.Sc. Environmental Engineering team: Melina Džajić Valjevac, M.Sc. Chemistry Vukašin Balta, M.Sc. Geology Admir Alađuz, B.Sc Biology Selma Osmanagić Klico, expert for environmental law ii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BAM – the currency code for Convertible Marka B&H – Bosnia and Herzegovina BP – Bank Procedure EA – Environmental Assessment EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EIS – Environmental Impact Study EMF – Environmental Management Framework EMP – Environmental Management Plan ESMF – Environmental and Social Management Framework EU – European Union EQS – Environmental Quality Standard FB&H – Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina FERP – Flood Emergency Recovery Project GDP – Gross Domestic Product HS – Hydrological station MZ – Local community (short from “mjesna zajednica“) NGO – Nongovernmental Organization OCP - Organochlorine pesticides OP – Operational Policy PAD – Project Appraisal Document PAH - polyciclic aromatic hydrocarbone PID – Project Information Document PIU – Project Implementation Unit ROW – Right-of-way RS – Republika Srpska UN – United Nations USD – American Dollar UXO - Unexploded ordnances WB – World Bank WHO – World Health Organization iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Introduction The development objective of the World Bank’s Floods Emergency Recovery Project (FERP) is to meet critical needs and restore functionality of infrastructure essential for public services and economy recovery in areas affected by the May 2014 floods. This Environmental Management Framework (EMF) document is prepared for a part of the project that will be implemented in municipalities located in the Federation of B&H (FB&H) which are a part of the Bosna River Basin that was under the impact of floods. 2. History of floods in the project area and current flood protection schemes The floods in January 2010 covered 650 ha area producing damage of 250,000 BAM (170,433 USD). Mainly urban zones were affected that resulted in significant physical damage. The hydrological flow analysis showed that the recorded flow at hydrological station in Zavidovići was of 1/100 occurrence probability. The floods in May 2014 caused large-scale flooding with subsequent landslides. The most affected areas were Posavina Canton, Tuzla Canton, Zenica-Doboj Canton in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Around 60 towns and cities in B&H were severely or slightly affected, occupying an approximately total area of 10,000 km2 – 13,000 km2. 25 people had died, about 90,000 people had been evacuated, and about 1 million or one-fourth of the total population had been directly affected. Large number of people is left homeless due to over 3,000 landslides. Water and landslides also moved mines and warning signs to unknown locations. Detailed hydrological analysis of the May floods, as well as damage assessments, is still not completed. The estimates indicate an overall impact of around USD 1.6 billion of physical damage (8% of GDP) and USD 1.2 billion of economic loss (6% of GDP). The floods in August 2014 caused new flooding that resulted in additional damages and landslides. According to the press release issued by the Water Agency for the Sava River Catchment Area, the most affected areas were the cantons of Tuzla and Zenica-Doboj with highest water level recorded on the Spreča River1. The estimates indicate an overall impact of around 119,678,256.48 BAM (81,577,548.98 USD) in the Tuzla Canton only. The preliminary damage assessment for the Zenica-Doboj Canton's August 2014 floods is still not available. Current flood protection facilities are mainly built in larger settlements along the Bosna River including Visoko, Kakanj, Zenica, Zavidovići, Doboj and Odžak and they do not provide sufficient flood protection. In the Sarajevo area, regulation of the Miljacka River is performed in length of 10 km. The concept of flood protection in the Sarajevo Canton is based on high waters that have occurrence 1/500; however, this goal is not achieved on all regulated water courses. Flood protection along the Spreča River is performed using dikes designed to ensure protection from waters that have occurrence probability of 1/20. The Usora River is the least regulated river. In the Lašva River flooding plain, only few river training projects were implemented and flood protection structures built; however, they do not provide adequate protection. 3. Description of the environment in the project affected area Location. The Bosna River flows for 275 kilometers through the central part of Bosnia. Its biggest tributaries are the rivers of Željeznica, Miljacka, Fojnica, Lašva, Gostović, Krivaja, Usora, and Spreča. The Bosna River Basin is home to almost a million people living in 43 municipalities including the cities of Sarajevo, Visoko, Kakanj, Zenica, Zavidovići, Žepče, Maglaj, Doboj, Modriča and Bosanski Šamac. The most developed industrial regions in the country are located along this river. Wastewater from local communities and industrial facilities are discharged directly into the river, mainly without any treatment. Climate and meteorology. Climate of the Bosna River Basin is quite complex and consists of two separate climatic zones: continental mountain or alpine climate in the central part and moderate 1 Press release by Water Agency for Sava River Catchment Area from 06.08.2014. htpp//www.voda.ba iv continental or middle European climate in the north. The average perennial rainfall amounts to 867.33 l/m2. In 2012, the annual rainfall in the northern part of the basin ranged from 860 to 890 l/m2. The total rainfall in Doboj was 814 l/m2 and in Sarajevo 928 l/m2. Hydrogeology. The following paleogeographic structural units are found in the Bosna River Basin from south to the north: (i)Dinaric carbonate platform (outer Dinarides) and Bosnian Flysch, (ii) Middle Bosnian Schist Mountains and Paleozoic of the northeastern Bosnia, (iii) Ophiolite zone of Ozren and Konjuh with remaining of carbonate layers and olistoliths (Inner Dinarides), (iv) Sava-Vardar zone (formation of active continental edge) and Neogene basins of B&H (Oligocene, Neogene and Quarter formations). Hydrology. The specific flow rates of the Bosna River are surface flow 15.59 l/s/km2 and mean flow volume 100 m3/s. The highest water level of the Bosna River occurs in the period from March to May and in November, whilst the lowest one occurs in August and September. The river freezes only during severe winters. In the lower course, it deposits great amounts of gravel which affects the movement of riverbed. The bottom of the riverbed is predominantly composed of impermeable rocks. Water quality. Monitoring of physical-chemical, chemical and microbiological status of the Bosna River in 2012 showed that 62% of water samples indicate bad chemical status of waters. Priority substances that were determined not to satisfy the Environmental Quality Standards were mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP). The origin of the pollution, whether it is natural or anthropogenic, is not known. Soil. The soil classification in the Bosna River Basin is carried out based on standard FAO classification. The following types of soil are found: (i) Acid brown soil 6.38 %, (ii) Hummus silica soil 9.94 %, (iii) Brown soil on limestone and dolomite 20.96 %, and (iv) Limestone-dolomite black soil 25.94 %. Forests. Remaining of common oak and hornbeam forests can be found at the lowest altitudes. In the hilly zones found in the area from Sarajevo to Zenica and in the part of the Lašva and Usora catchment area, the most common are sessile oak and common hornbeam forest communities that are mixed with common beech and sessile oak forests. At the higher altitudes, common beech forests are found or they are mixed with forests of sessile oak and common hornbeam. Mountain areas are mainly covered with mixed beech and silver fir and spruce forests. At higher altitudes and colder zones, mixed forests of silver fir and spruce are found. At highest subalpine altitudes, subalpine beech and subalpine spruce are found as well as communities of mungo pine. Flora. This ecosystem of the Bosna River Basin is characterized in the range between medium biodiversity rate due to large urban agglomerations and very rich biodiversity in intact areas. Human activities resulted in the transformation of forest ecosystems into secondary ecosystems of meadow vegetation. The ecosystem of hygrophile forests with black alder is located near rivers and creeks, as well as on smaller surfaces around wells and flooded areas. In the swamp areas that are under the influence of high groundwater level, black alder and willows phytocenosis are present. As a result of anthropogenic activities, fragments of tertiary vegetation can be found that indicate disturbed ecological equilibrium. Vegetation of trodden habitats covers terrains found above groundwater sources and next to the traffic infrastructure, inside protection zones and next to commercial facilities as well as locations that are partially trodden down and with medium content of nitrates. Many centers of endemic species and living communities are found in the Spreča River Valley, as well as centers of relict species – refugia of tertiary flora and fauna. Fauna. The Bosna River and its tributaries are inhabited by 28 fish species, mainly cyprinid. Fishing is prohibited in the spawning period (e.g. from 1 April to 31 May for common carp, from 1 April to15 June for catfish, from 1 October to 1 March for rainbow trout, etc.). The Bosna River also shows rich biodiversity in macro invertebrate community in all parts of its watercourse. Land fauna is mostly absent in city regions excluding domestic animals like domestic cats and dogs and avian fauna represented mostly by species living together with humans like pigeons, crows, sparrows, etc. In the last few years, the large populations of the duck family can be found around the Bosna River. In parts of the watercourses running through the cities, there are no protected, endangered and sensitive water fauna species because of higher pollution from the city wastewater and industry wastewater. v Protected areas. 9 nature protected areas are found in the Bosna River Basin, out of which 5 are proclaimed as protected while other 4 are “planned” to be protected. Another 27 areas of rich biodiversity are found in the Bosna River Basin and their status is unknown. 29 water springs used for water supply of municipalities in the Bosna River Basin are under protected regime or are to be protected in line with the project documentation prepared. 4. Environmental assessment requirements and procedure The environmental assessment in FB&H is implemented within the environmental permit issuing procedure. The procedure is integrated into requirements from laws in the following areas: i) nature protection, ii) waste management, iii) water management, and iv) construction. According to the current legislation, the proposed subprojects related to reconstruction of existing local and regional infrastructure are not subject to environmental assessment according to federal and cantonal environmental regulation. However, in case the project involves construction of new or widening of existing infrastructure with increase of current capacities, it might be subject to environmental assessment above the threshold capacities given in appropriate rulebooks. By the analysis of other regulations, it was determined that the infrastructure reconstruction projects need to have water permits and construction permit. The WB policies that were taken into account for the purposes of development of this document include OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment as well as policies that might be triggered depending on the project circumstances: OP/BP 4.04 – Natural Habitats, OP 4.07 – Water resources management, OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources, OP 4.36 – Forests. According to the WB OP 4.01, the project is classified as environmental category “B” and the appropriate EA instrument is the ESMF. Therefore, the necessary steps prior to the commencement of the public procurement of works on the execution of the reconstruction of subprojects not found on the exclusion list in the FB&H, is the following:  Step 1. Prepare ESMF (per World Bank requirements)  Step 2. Organize consultation with stakeholders  Step 3. Obtain Water Approval  Step 4. Obtain Reconstruction Approval.  Step 5. Obtain Water Permit.  Step 6. Obtain Use Permit. 5. FERP Screening Checklist The ESMF contains the FERP Screening Checklist that is a simple tool for identification of potential environmental impacts related to the reconstruction of existing infrastructure that was damaged due to recent floods. It will also help to simplify decision-making process on whether a detailed EMP needs to be developed for a project or not. The FERP Screening checklist provides a set of associated environmental mitigation measures as well as monitoring measures that will help assess the implementation of the selected mitigation measures. The screening checklist is to be used for all smaller reconstruction subprojects on the reconstruction of roads, railways and buildings where identified issues will not produce significant effects on environment. For all other large reconstruction subprojects, specific EMPs will be developed. 6. Environmental management plan The sample EMP is prepared based on the identification of possible negative environmental impacts for typical reconstruction works that are to be implemented within the FERP including (i) reconstruction of local road (including bridges, culverts etc.); (ii) reconstruction of local water supply network; (iii) reconstruction of regional public infrastructure (roads, dykes etc.). Considering similar nature of the works to be carried out and common impacts, one sample EMP for infrastructure reconstruction is prepared addressing pre reconstruction, reconstruction and operation phase. The sample EMP includes mitigation measures for reducing possible adverse impacts in all three phases, including the estimation of costs and the responsibility for implementation. The EMP can also serve as guidelines for environmentally sound construction practices. The EMP includes environmental monitoring plan comprising measures for monitoring of emissions from the site during construction, monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures, and monitoring of conditions after the project is put in use. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 PROJECT OVERVIEW 1 2 HISTORY OF FLOODS IN THE PROJECT AREA 2 2.1 FLOODS IN 2010 2 2.2 FLOODS IN 2014 7 2.3 CURRENT AND FUTURE FLOOD PROTECTION SCHEMES 9 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN PROJECT AFFECTED AREA 11 3.1 INTRODUCTION 11 3.2 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY 12 3.3 HYDROGEOLOGY 12 3.4 HYDROLOGY 13 3.5 WATER QUALITY 17 3.6 SOIL 18 3.7 FORESTS 22 3.8 FLORA 23 3.8.1 BOSNA RIVER VALLEY 23 3.8.2 SPREČA RIVER VALLEY 24 3.8.3 USORA RIVER VALLEY 26 3.9 FAUNA 26 3.10 PROTECTED AREAS 27 3.10.1 NATURE PROTECTED AREAS 27 3.10.2 WATER SPRING PROTECTION ZONES 32 4 OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN FB&H 36 4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE 36 4.2 OTHER REGULATION THAT HAVE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 39 4.2.1 WATER MANAGEMENT REGULATION 39 4.2.2 WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATION 40 4.2.3 CIVIL CONSTRUCTION REGULATIONS 40 5 OVERVIEW OF WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS 41 5.1 OP/BP 4.01 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 41 5.2 ACTIVITIES THAT MAY TRIGGER ADDITIONAL SAFEGUARD POLICIES 42 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING PROCESS 43 6.1 PROJECT RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT NEEDS 43 6.2 RECONCILED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS 45 7 FERP SCREENING CHECKLIST 47 7.1 INTRODUCTION 47 7.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE FERP SCREENING CHECKLIST 47 7.3 DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND APPLICATION OF RESULTS 48 7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST QUESTIONNAIRE 49 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 57 ANNEX 1 HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER COURSES IN THE BOSNA RIVER BASIN 75 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Review of history of floods in the Bosna River Basin ............................................................................................. 2 Table 2 Records of hydrological station in the Bosna River Basin during the floods in 2010 .............................. 4 Table 3 Flood damage assessment 2010 ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Table 4 Recorded water levels on 06.08.2014 ........................................................................................................................... 8 Table 5 Preliminary flood damage assessment for the Tuzla Canton, May 2014 ....................................................... 8 Table 6 Assessment of situation with water courses regulation in the Zenica Doboj Canton ........................... 10 Table 7 Hydrological characteristics of the main water courses in the Bosna River Basin in comparison with registered flow during the floods in 2010 ...................................................................................................................... 17 Table 8 Result for the quality water monitoring for the Bosna River Basin in 2012 ............................................. 17 Table 9 Type of soils in the Bosna River Basin ....................................................................................................................... 19 Table 10 Protected areas in the Bosna River Basin .............................................................................................................. 27 Table 11 Protected areas of unknown status in the Bosna River Basin ...................................................................... 31 Table 12 Springs used for domestic water supply ................................................................................................................ 32 Table 13 Comparative Overview of the Contents of Documents Relevant to the EA ............................................. 37 Table 14 Division of responsibilities for issuing of water acts relevant to FERP .................................................... 40 Table 15 EA Categories and Instruments Pursuant to the Operational Policy 4.01 ............................................... 41 Table 16 Environmental Assessment Requirements in FB&H ........................................................................................ 43 Table 17 Subproject activities not eligible for financing .................................................................................................... 44 Table 18 Project Environmental Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 45 Table 19 Environmental Mitigation Plan ................................................................................................................................... 58 Table 20 Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................................................................................................. 70 Table 21 Typical flow values at hydrologic stations in the Bosna River Basin......................................................... 75 Table 22 Characteristic average flows for watercourses in the Bosna River Basin ............................................... 76 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Impact of floods in Southeast Europe .......................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 2 Bosna River Basin .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 3 Hydrological stations in the Bosna River Basin (1/3) ....................................................................................... 14 Figure 4 Hydrological stations in the Bosna River Basin (2/3) ....................................................................................... 15 Figure 5 Hydrological stations in the Bosna River Basin (3/3) ....................................................................................... 16 Figure 6 Types of soils in the Bosna River Basin (1/3) ....................................................................................................... 20 Figure 7 Types of soils in the Bosna River Basin (2/3) ....................................................................................................... 21 Figure 8 Types of soil in the Bosna River Basin (3/3) ......................................................................................................... 22 Figure 9 Nature protected areas in the Bosna River Basin (1/2) ................................................................................... 29 Figure 10 Nature protected areas in the Bosna River Basin (2/2) ................................................................................ 30 Figure 11 Water spring protection zones (1/3) ..................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 12 Water spring protection zones (2/3) ..................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 13 Water spring protection zones (3/3) ..................................................................................................................... 35 Figure 14 EIA procedure in FB&H ................................................................................................................................................ 38 ix 1 PROJECT OVERVIEW An unprecedented rainfall, the worst since the beginning of records 120 years ago, started in early/mid- May 2014 and resulted in massive floods in both entities as well as in the Brčko District in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Preliminary evidence shows that the largest impact was on infrastructure relating to housing, local services, energy, transport, water and sanitation and agriculture. The Bank’s response to the floods has been prompt, with strong contribution and leadership for the joint damage and needs assessment. A Recovery Needs Assessment (RNA) is prepared by the B&H Government with support from the EU, UN and the World Bank. The RNA will provide a basis to develop effective infrastructure and services rehabilitation measures in the affected areas. The first element of the Bank’s financing response is the Floods Emergency Recovery Project (FERP), an emergency operation focused on the priority sectors of Agriculture and Rural Development, Energy, Transport and Water and Sanitation. The development objective of the FERP is to meet critical needs and restore functionality of infrastructure essential for public services and economy recovery in the floods affected areas. The project has four components as follows: Component 1: Emergency Disaster Recovery Goods that will finance the purchase of goods urgently needed during the recovery phase. Component 2: Rehabilitation of Key Public Infrastructure will finance the a) Subcomponent 2A: Regional Infrastructure Rehabilitation and b) Subcomponent 2B: Local Infrastructure Rehabilitation. Component 3: Project Implementation Support and Capacity Building will finance the management of the Project and any support needed for the identification and implementation of sub-activities including technical assistance and capacity building. The FERP is classified as environmental category “B”, in acc ordance with Operational Policy OP 4.01. Since exact subprojects are not determined and will be decided based on demand and consultations with the concerned municipalities and communities, the appropriate instrument of OP 4.01 is an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). To this extent, the objective of this assignment is to prepare ESMF targeting three groups of potential investments in Federation Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H) recognized as the most pertinent ones: (i) reconstruction of local roads, (ii) reconstruction of local water supply network, and (ii) reconstruction of regional public infrastructures (roads, dykes, etc.). The FERP in the FB&H will be implemented in the regions affected by floods in Sarajevo Canton, Zenica-Doboj (Ze-Do) Canton, Tuzla Canton and Posavina Canton. All regions affected by floods are located in the Bosna River Basin. The ESMF will establish an approach to meeting reconciled national and WB requirements and presents a unified policy and procedure to be followed while screening the potential investment for its environmental impacts. For that purpose, the ESMF will include:  a screening Checklist that will serve to (i) screen out activities that correspond to Category A projects, or that may trigger additional safeguards policies, as well as to (ii) make decision on eventual development of EMP for potential investment activities, and  sample Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for three categories of potential investments focusing on three generic areas: mitigation measures, institutional strengthening and training and monitoring. 1 2 HISTORY OF FLOODS IN THE PROJECT AREA 2.1 Floods in 2010 The analysis of historical floods in the Bosna River Basin was done in 2012 for the purpose of preliminary flood risk assessment in the Sava River catchment area2. The assessment is done based on information collected from concerned municipalities (Table 1). They cover period of the last 15 years where some municipalities sent even older data. Majority of given information is related to the floods in January 2010. Usora, Banovići, Kalesija and Lukavac did not provide data, while Vareš reported that no floods were recorded in the past. The floods in 2010 affected the same municipalities in Bosna River Basin that were under impact of 2014 floods including the largest cities in Sarajevo, Zenica Doboj and Tuzla Cantons, as well as municipalities in Middle Bosnia Canton that are located in the Bosna River flooding plain (see Figure 1 on page 7). Table 1 Review of history of floods in the Bosna River Basin Canton Municipality Water Time of flood Flooded areas Flooded Estimated course occurrence land (ha) losses (BAM) Trnovo Željeznica 21.12– From bridge Garež 30.00 11.01.2010 to bridge Ilovica Ilidža Bosna, 05.–10.01.2010 MZ3 Otes, MZ Stup, 65.00 - Željeznica, MZ Osijek Dobrinja Novi Grad Miljacka 23.–25.12.2009 Dobroševićka and - - 06.–10. Reljevska streets 01.2010 from bridge in SARAJEVO 20.–21.02.2010 Bojnik to bridge in the settlement of Rječica Vogošća Vogošća, 05.–07.01.2010 Settlements of 35.00 - Ljubina, Semizovac and Bosna Svrake Ilijaš Misoča, 09.–11.01.2010 River banks of 20.000,00 Bosna Ljubina and Misoča and Rače and Povoče creeks Busovača Lašva, 09.–10.01.2010 Settlements of 130.00 MIDDLE BOSNIA Kozica Kaonik, Luka, Donja Rovna, Gusti Grab, Kaćuni, Gornje/Donje Polje, Merdani, Solakovići/Donji Solakovići Breza Stavnja 09.-10.01.2010 Šaš, Podžupča and 30.00 Bulbulušići ZENICA-DOBOJ Visoko Bosna, 07.–11.01.2010 Seoča, Dobrinje, 110.00 129.549,15 Fojnička Radinovići, rijeka Okolišće, Gornje and Donje Moštre, Čekrekčije, Ozrakovičko polje, settlement Luke and Prijeko and 2 Methodology for preliminary flood risk assessment in the Sava river catchment area for the water courses of I category, Book I and Book II, Hydro-Engineering Institute Sarajevo, June 2010 3 MZ = mjesna zajednica (Engl. Local community) 2 Canton Municipality Water Time of flood Flooded areas Flooded Estimated course occurrence land (ha) losses (BAM) village Zbilje Kakanj Bosna 06.–12.01.2010 MZ Čatići, MZ 155.00 Doboj, MZ Povezice, MZ D. Kakanj and MZ Bilješevo Zenica Bosna 07.–11.01.2010 Settlements of 40.00 Lukovo polje, Nemila, Blatuša, Bilmišće, Dolipolje, Ljubetovo- Vranduk, settlements in the Kočeva river basin Žepče Bosna 09.–11.01.2010 Residential - 46.728,00 buildings in Begov Han Zavidovići Krivaja 03.– Settlements of 55.00 05.07.2005 Kovači, Vozuća with Stošnicom, settlement Krivaja, city area and Brezik Maglaj Bosna with 03.–05.07.2005 Bradići-Fojnica, 855.00 2.913.254,40 tributaries- Donji Ulišnjak, Krivaja, Liješnica, Maglaj- Gostović, city, Jelovac, Bistričak, Moševac, Kosova Lješnica and and Bijela ploča Jablanica Doboj Jug Bosna, 20.-21.06.2001 Matuzići and 150.00 3.467.000,00 Usora 02.–03.07.2005 Mravići 120.00 759.500,00 03.–04.07.2006 Matuzići 120.00 500.000,00 16.–17.01.2010 Matuzići 50.00 50.000,00 Matuzići Doboj Istok Spreča 18.06.– Spreča river valley 06.07.2001 from MZ Brijesnica Mala to exit from MZ Stanić Rijeka Tešanj Tešanjka, 23.07.1976 MZ Tešanjka Trebačka 03.07.2006 Kalošević river and 10.07.2009 MZ Karadaglije – Usora Jablanica, MZ Medakovo-Novo Selo-Tešanjka, Mekiš. Braće Pobrić street, Kralja Tvrtka street Živinice Spreča 30.12.2009– Sprečko polje CANTON 07.01.2010 Sprečko polje TUZLA 19.–29.06.2001 Tuzla Jala and 16.06.– Western part of the 100.00 Tinja 11.07.2005 city 3 Canton Municipality Water Time of flood Flooded areas Flooded Estimated course occurrence land (ha) losses (BAM) Gračanica Spreča 31.05.– Sprečko field from 12.296.629,10 11.06.2010 MZ Miričina to MZ 12.296.629,10 18.06.– Stjepan polje, from 06.07.2001 MZ Lukavica to Lukavička rijeka, area of MZ D. Orahovica from Moranjičke rijeke, area of MZ D. Lohinja to Lohinjski creek Spreča river valley from MZ Miričina to exit from MZ Stjepan Polje Olovo Krivaja, 09. - 12. 05. Settlements of 20.00 Stupčanica, 1965 Olovo, Križevići, Bioštica spring 1968 Solun, Čuništa, fall 1987 Careva Ćuprija The floods in January 2010 covered 650 ha area producing damage of 250,000 BAM (170,433 USD). This is significantly less comparing to the floods in 2014, however the common areas were flooded, mainly urban zones, with significant physical damage. Due to insufficient sewage system capacities, the sewage overflow was also recorded worsening epidemiological situation. The highest recorded water flows and water level are given in Table 2. Table 2 Records of hydrological station in the Bosna River Basin during the floods in 2010 4 Station Water course Period Highest flow Highest level Date and registered registered H time Q (m3/s) (cm) Vrelo Bosne Bosna 21.12.2009.- 34.11 87.30 10.01.2010 16.01.2010. 03:00:00 Rimski Most Bosna 21.12.2009.- 253.21 203.96 09.01.2010 16.01.2010. 21:00:00 Ilidža Željeznica 21.12.2009.- 115.29 176.85 06.01.2010 16.01.2010. 22:00:00 Zavidovići-Bosna Bosna 28.12.2009.- 1.795,43 559.20 10.01.2010 river 15.01.2010. 07:00:00 Olovo Krivaja 21.12.2009.- 138.33 299.00 06.01.2010 16.01.2010. 04:00:00 Zavidovići-Krivaja Krivaja 21.12.2009.- 271.81 331.80 10.01.2010 river 16.01.2010. 03:00:00 Maglaj Bosna 21.12.2009.- 1.616,381 602.70 10.01.2010 16.01.2010. 09:00:00 Karanovac Spreča 21.12.2009.- 267.89 407.30 24.12. 2009 15.01.2010. 06:00:00 The assessment of probability occurrence at the hydrological stations in the Bosna River Basin for the January 2010 floods was done by the Water Agency for the Sava River Catchment Area. The comparison between observed flows and flows of occurrence probability once in 5, 20, 30 and 100 years were done. The analysis showed that the recorded flow at hydrological stat ion in Zavidovići was of 1/100 occurrence probability. The information on extent of damage as given in the Federal Civil Protection Report on 2010 Floods is presented in Table 3. 4Methodology for preliminary flood risk assessment in the Sava river catchment area for the water courses of I category, Book I and Book II, Hydro-Engineering Institute Sarajevo, June 2010 4 Table 3 Flood damage assessment 2010 EVACUATED ENDANGERED NUMBER OF DEMOLISHED MUNICIPALITY AFFECTED FLOODED LAND FLOODED FACILITIES FLOODED INFRASTRUCTURE PRELIMINARY DAMAGE NUMBER OF DAMAGED BY FLOODS AND LAND POPULATION POPULATION HOUSING FACILITIES HOUSING FACILITIES ASSESSMENT (BAM) ACTIVE LANDSLIDES PRIVATELY OWNED OTHER FACILITIES BRIDGES ROADS TOTAL FLOODED AGRICULTURAL (HOUSEHOLDS) COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL SLIDES NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF BUILDINGS BUILDINGS LAND (ha) AREA (ha) (number) FAMILIES FAMILIES TERMINATION DAMAGED (m) PERSONS PERSONS TRANSPORT DESTROYED DAMAGED (number) (number) OF CANTON 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Domaljevac Šamac 90 380 3949 3820 128 33 193 2,909,956 POSAVINA CANTON Orašje 50 5 5,074,384 Odžak 2,566,507 Total 140 380 3949.00 3820 133 33.00 193 10,550,847 Banovići 4 4 28 5 Doboj Istok 5 33 3 20 780 580 73 55 2 1 4,572,286 Kalesija 9 390 390 152 19 1 2 2 1 2,611,000 Gračanica 127 112 200 50 550 550 64 510 4 2 4 5,559,328 Živinice 1 65 830 830 21 350 15 1 7 2,125,664 Gradačac 72 7 8 180 180 117 2 1 2 3,564,909 TUZLA CANTON Srebrenik 89 5 50 800 800 200 215 18 144 2 1,696,055 Čelić 4 25 20 23 102 2 593,386 Kladanj 7 3 Lukavac 76 1 4 5 300 300 14 56 6 3,996,368 Sapna 1 21 265,080 Teočak 3 1 Tuzla 3 264 17 46 16 46 277 1 10,059,450 Total 13 761 165 250 149 3834 3634 1000 1313 48 145 13 0 14 35,043,526 Breza 2 Kakanj 107 65 102 14 2 577,000 Doboj jug 141 12 115 110 3 106 11 1,170,180 ZENICA- DOBOJ CANTON Maglaj 25 4 1 1 42 35 6 78 12 11 1 3,909,303 Olovo 6 1 Tešanj 8 43 5 5 21 10 3 2 Usora 6 30 1 80 1 928,373 5 1 Total Total CANTON CANTON SARAJEVO MUNICIPALITY AFFECTED 2 BY FLOODS AND LAND Ilijaš Ilidža Žepče Zenica SLIDES Hadžići Vogošća Novi Grad Zavidovići NUMBER OF DEMOLISHED 3 25 HOUSING FACILITIES NUMBER OF DAMAGED 4 HOUSING FACILITIES 151 NUMBER OF 5 3 11 14 51 FAMILIES NUMBER OF 6 1 1 EVACUATED POPULATION 12 12 24 PERSONS NUMBER OF 7 8 7 20 20 20 75 44 FAMILIES NUMBER OF 8 POPULATION 60 78 16 48 12 ENDANGERED PERSONS 214 TOTAL FLOODED 9 1 6 1 45 150 AREA (ha) 202 270 AGRICULTURAL 6 1 4 1 10 45 90 LAND (ha) 140 216 FLOODED LAND ACTIVE LANDSLIDES 2 11 41 (number) PRIVATELY OWNED 2 6 12 25 23 50 45 200 343 384 (HOUSEHOLDS) RESIDENTIAL 2 1 3 13 BUILDINGS COMMERCIAL 14 15 15 40 BUILDINGS FLOODED FACILITIES 5 OTHER FACILITIES 15 22 30 52 16 DAMAGED 2 2 16 (number) BRIDGES DESTROYED 1 1 17 (number) 1 3 8 1 DAMAGED (m) 18 12 FLOODED INFRASTRUCTURE ROADS TERMINATION 5 8 1 OF 19 72 96 173 TRANSPORT PRELIMINARY DAMAGE 0 20 ASSESSMENT (BAM) 6,584,856 2.2 Floods in 2014 Floods in the year 2014 occurred twice by the time of the completion of this report. Heavy rains in May 2014 caused large-scale flooding with subsequent landslides. Those heavy rains are considered the heaviest rainfall in B&H since records began in 1894. Around 60 towns and cities were severely or slightly affected, occupying an approximately total area of 10.000 km2 - 13.000 km2. The most affected areas in FB&H were Posavina Canton, Tuzla Canton, and Zenica-Doboj Canton. The smaller areas of Sarajevo and Middle Bosnia Cantons along Bosna River Basin were also impacted by floods. The Government declared a state of emergency on May 14, 2014 in affected municipalities of both entities as well as in the Brčko District in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Figure 1 Impact of floods in Southeast Europe5 25 people had died, about 90,000 people had been evacuated, and about 1 million or one-fourth of the total population had been directly affected in around 60 of BiH’s 142 municipalities. Large number of people is left homeless due to the landslides. At the time of the floods, 12 Collective Centers were opened in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The number of landslides has been over 3000, which have, in addition to all other damages, moved mines and warning signs to unknown locations. Two weeks after the floods, two thirds of the known minefield was affected, but only few mines or unexploded ordnances (UXOs) were found during the retreat of water. Even if, so far, only one mine's explosion was reported in a river, without any more information, the danger of mine and UXO’s related accidents remains high 6. Preliminary evidence shows that the largest impact was on infrastructure relating to housing, local services, energy, transport, water and sanitation and agriculture. Severe damage has been reported to electricity distribution systems and one of the mines supplying the key power generation plant of Tuzla, which supplies over 20 percent of country’s demand. In many locations , urban, industrial and rural areas were completely covered with water, cut off and without electricity, transport or communication. The event temporarily deprived an estimated 1 million people (25% of the country´s total population) of 5http://poplave.gdi.net 6 ECHO Joint Mission report – Bosnia and Herzegovina floods, European Commission, Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection, 6.6.2014 7 drinkable water. An influx of raw sewage and animal carcasses has increased disease risks. Rough estimates are that around 100,000 homes and other buildings, as well as 230 schools and hospitals, have been damaged or destroyed, in addition to significant damage to other public infrastructure. Landslides and erosion by the sediment-loaded rivers caused substantial damage to houses and public infrastructure at many locations and washed away 20 bridges. Traffic was disrupted along many national roads and railways in the region, and telecommunication lines were disturbed in these areas. Detailed hydrological analysis of the May floods as well as damage assessments is still not completed and available by the responsible agencies. The estimates indicate an overall impact of around USD 1.6 billion of physical damage (8% of GDP) and USD 1.2 billion of economic loss (6% of GDP) from the floods. Heavy rains in August 2014 caused new flooding that resulted in additional damages and landslides. According to the press release issued by the Water Agency for Sava River Catchment Area, the most affected areas were the cantons of Tuzla and Zenica-Doboj with highest water level recorded on the Spreča River7. Table 4 Recorded water levels on 06.08.2014 Flooded area Hydrological Water Current state State of Trend in station course (cm) alarm (cm) last 24 hr Odžačka Posavina Slavonski brod Sava 298 730 (+19) Middle Posavina Slavonski Šamac Sava 210 650 (+81) Middle Posavina Grebnice Sava 454 800 (+72) Zenica Raspotočje Bosna 116 400 (+61) Maglaj Maglaj-Poljice Bosna 464 600 (+335) Sprečansko polje - Karanovac Spreča 547 300 (+266) Gračanica According to the information from the Civil Protection of the Tuzla Canton8, in the period from 05.08.2014, 18:00 hr to 06.08.2014, 10:00 hr 127,8 l/m2 of rainfall was recorded while average rainfall in August is 84 l/m2. Due to heavy rains, on August 7 the Federal Government proclaimed state of natural and other disaster on the territory of FB&H. The extent of damage is shown in the table below. The estimates indicate an overall impact of around 119,678,256.48 BAM (81,577,548.98 USD). Table 5 Preliminary flood damage assessment for the Tuzla Canton, May 2014 Preliminary damage assessment for Tuzla Canton 1 Type of disaster State of natural disaster in the Tuzla Canton for the period of 5-9.8.2014 2 Area Affected Banovići, Čelić, Doboj Istok, Gračanica, Gradačac, Kalesija, municipalities Kladanj, Lukavac, Sapna, Srebrenik, Teočak, Tuzla, Živinice 3 Population Died 0 Injured 2 Evacuated 2367 6 Preliminary damage Housing facilities Destroyed (number) 3 assessment Financial assessment (USD) 81796,86 Damaged (number) 3319 Financial assessment (USD) 11,743,895.56 Land Area (ha) 7,273.50 Orchards Financial assessment (USD) 16,424,183.22 Livestock Died 1,927 Financial assessment (USD) 34,082.03 Injured 200 Financial assessment (USD) 6816.41 Other damages Financial assessment (USD) 53,286,774.9 7 TOTAL (USD) 81,577,548.98 7 Pressrelease by Water Agency for Sava River Catchment Area from 06.08.2014. htpp//www.voda.ba 8Information on floods and landslides on the territory of Tuzla Canton in period 05-09.08.2014, no 18/01-44-018289/14 from 11.08.2014 8 In the Zenica-Doboj Canton, the most difficult situation was in the Zavidovići Municipality. The rain triggered new landslides in several local communities including Željezno polje that was heavy impacted by May’s floods. The preliminary damage assessment for the Zenica-Doboj Canton's August 2014 floods is still not available. 2.3 Current and future flood protection schemes Current flood protection facilities are mainly built in larger settlements along the Bosna River including Visoko, Kakanj, Zenica, Zavidovići, Doboj and Odžak. Usually the works were done in phases, mainly shorter sections and on one of the river banks due to the lack of financial means, which does not provide sufficient flood protection. The following rivers belong to the Bosna River Basin: Spreča with Oskova, Gostelja and Turija, Jala a nd Mramorski creek, Usora and Lašva, as well as water courses in the area of the Sarajevsko field. The information of flood protection structure is taken from Federal Water Management Strategy 2010-20209. The Spreča River’s flooding plain upstream from the Modrac reservoir covers the area of 5,000. Flood protection is performed using dikes designed to protect from waters that have occurrence probability of 1/20. The area of Živinice and around the Modrac Lake is endangered by floods from the rivers of Spreča and Oskova, as well as water from the Modrac reservoir. The area downstream from the Modrac reservoir, where high waters are suppressed by the reservoir itself, is not flooded so frequently, although the need for the Jala and Spreča river training is still present. The Usora River is the least regulated river although it is susceptible to floods due to extensive gravel exploitation that have an impact on the shape of the riverbed and water springs. Beside the risk that the Lašva River poses to the Travnik Municipality, this river very frequently floods downstream valleys of the municipalities of Dolac, Vitez and Stara Bila, as well as upstream areas of Han Bila on the Bila water course. In this area only few river training works were done and flood protection structures built. They cannot provide adequate protection, especially to those municipalities that rapidly expand such as the Vitez Municipality. The Sarajevo field is under the influence of high waters from the Bosna River and its tributaries Dobrinja, Željeznica, Miljacka, Zujevina and Tilava. Damages that occur as a result of floods are very significant since it is the densely populated urban area. The Miljacka River regulation is performed in the length of 10 km. The concept of flood protection in the Sarajevo Canton is based on high waters that have occurrence 1/500, however this goal is not achieved on all regulated water courses. The latest assessment of status of regulation of watercourses of I and II category in the Zenica Doboj Canton is presented in the table below10. The same information is not available for the Sarajevo, Tuzla and Posavina Cantons. Municipalities that prepared project documentation for new flood protection structures in the Zenica Doboj Canton are Maglaj, Žepče, Kakanj, Zenica, Visoko and Olovo. The Report on status of watercourses in the Zenica-Doboj Canton prepared by the Hydro-Engineering Institute in 2014 gives recommendations of measures for protection of riverbank zones in all concerned municipalities in this Canton with the assessment of costs. 9 Federal Water Management Strategy 2010-2020, Institute for Water Management Sarajevo and Institute for Water Management Mostar, May 2012. 10 Report on Status of Watercourses in Zenica-Doboj Canton with Recommendations of Measures for Protection of River Bank Zones, Hydro-Egineering Institute, Februar/March 2014. 9 Table 6 Assessment of situation with water courses regulation in the Zenica Doboj Canton Length of the % of regulated Length of regulated R.br. Water course water course watercourse riverbed (km) (km) (%) 1. Bosna 164.8 8.66 5.25 2. Krivaja 73.5 0.92 1.25 3. Trstionica 34.9 0 0 4. Stavnja 34.1 1.6 4.69 5. Lješnica 26.6 0 0 6. Stupčanica 22.3 2.1 9.42 7. Ribnica 19.3 0 0 8. Babina rijeka 18.6 1.69 9.08 9. Usora 18.4 1.7 9.24 10. Gostović 17.5 0 0 11. Tešanjka 15.3 1.60 10.46 12. Kočeva 13.2 1.06 8.03 13. Bistričak 13.1 0 0 14. Fojnička rijeka 12.2 0.89 7.29 15. Bioštica 10.2 0.55 5.39 16. Zgošća 7.5 1.0 13.2 17. Lašva 1.1 0 0 10 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN PROJECT AFFECTED AREA 3.1 Introduction The Bosna River Basin covers the largest and most developed area of the Federation part of BiH. Total surface of the Bosna River Basin is 10.809,83 km2. Around 70 % of the total river basin surface or 7.576,38 km2 belongs to FB&H. Figure 2 Bosna River Basin It is the third longest river in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one of the country’s major rivers, along with the rivers of Neretva and Vrbas. The Bosna River flows for 275 kilometers through the central part of Bosnia, with very developed hydrography network. Its biggest tributaries are the rivers of Željeznica, Miljacka, Fojnica, Lašva, Gostović, Krivaja, Usora, and Spreč a. The upper flow of the Bosna River flows through Sarajevo field, Visoko field, Zenica field and Kakanj field. The middle flow runs through the canyons cut into steep rocky walls. In the downstream flow, from Doboj to the confluence with the Sava River near Šamac, it flows in an unstable riverbed through the alluvial plain, creating backwaters and river islands. The Bosna River Basin is the most populated region of BiH. The valley is home to almost a million people living in 43 municipalities including the cities of Sarajevo, Visoko, Kakanj, Zenica, Zavidovići, Žepče, Maglaj, Doboj, Modriča and Bosanski Šamac. The most developed industrial regions in the country are located along this river. Wastewater from local communities and industrial facilities are discharged directly into the river, mainly without any treatment. 11 3.2 Climate and meteorology Climate of the Bosna River Basin is quite complex. Two separate climatic zones, with more or less clearly defined boundaries are found:  In the central part – continental mountain or alpine climate, and  In the north – moderate continental or middle European climate. The continental mountain or alpine climate is characterized mainly by cold winters and moderately warm summers, while moderate continental climate is characterized by harsh winters and hot summers, but with a smaller range of winter and summer temperatures. There are nine meteorological stations along the Bosna River in FB&H: Bjelašnica, Ilidža-Butmir, Sarajevo-Bjelave, Visoko, Zenica, Donji Lug-Zepče, Gradačac, Tuzla, and Kalesija. According to the last available climatological analysis for the year 201211, the average annual temperature was higher than the multi-annual average (1961 – 1990) by 1.1oC at Bjelašnica to 2,4 in Gradačac. Extremely low temperature were recorded in February, 6oC below the multi-annual average as recorded in Sarajevo. In the year 2012, exceptional snowfall was observed in Sarajevo with snow height of 107 cm. The average perennial rainfall for the basin amounts to 867.33 l/m2. The total volume of rainfall in central areas was slightly above the perennial average, while in the northern areas the volume was below perennial average, but still within the normal values according to the corresponding percentiles. Global precipitation was above perennial averages. According to the last available annual analysis for the year 2012, annual rainfall in the northern part of the basin range from 860 to 890 l/m2 with total rainfall in Doboj of 814 l/m2 and in Sarajevo 928 l/m2. 3.3 Hydrogeology Hydrogeological characteristic of the Bosna River Basin are closely related to geological structure of the area and its litostratigraphic characteristics and tectonics. Lower Triassic in hydrogeological sense represents isolating stones (water impermeable barriers). Middle Triassic is dominantly carbonate stones (limestone, marlstones and tuffs with volcanic sediments) that make aquifers of crack and cavernous porosity. Upper Triassic is represented in layers of dolomites and dolomite limestone. Depending on the dominant type, these sediments have hydrogeological function of aquifer with good permeability (limestone), hydrogeological complex of poor to very poor aquifer abilities (clastic, tuffs and dolomites) or can be impermeable rocks (thick layered dolomites). The following paleogeographic structural units are found in the Bosna River Basin from south to the north:  Dinaric carbonate platform (outer Dinarides) and Bosnian flysch  Middle Bosnian Schist Mountains and Paleozoic in the northeast of Bosnia  Ophiolite zone of Ozren and Konjuh with remaining of carbonate layers and olistoliths (Inner Dinarides)  Sava-Vardar zone (Formation of active continental edge)  Neogene basins of B&H (Oligocene, Neogene and Quarter formations). The zone of Bosnian carbonate flysch, being a northwest border zone of Dinarides carbonate platform, is considered a flysch zone deposited on slopes and in the sole of carbonate platforms. Depending on the sediments origin and time of their formation, two (or four) distinguished series can be observed:  Impermeable Jurassic- Cretaceous (Nemila and Vranduk series) made of mixed silica-carbonate clastic rocks,  Cretaceous (Mehurići and Ugar series) of poor cavernous porosity dominated by sediments of carbonate flysch platform. 11 Climatological analysis for year 2012, Federal Hydrometeorological Institute Sarajevo 12 The area of Middle Bosnia Schist Mountains includes the mountains of Vranica, Kruščica, Radovan and Bitovnja. Their formation is mainly composed of crystal schist, meta-sandstones and magmatites. Such lithological structure indicates water impermeable and partially permeable terrains, where localized areas of carbonate sedimentation (limestone, dolomites and marble stones of Vranica) with character of karts terrain can be found. Nevertheless, metamorphites (crystal schist, meta-sandstones, quartzites, marble limestone) and magmatites (diabase, gabbro, diorites, syenites, spilites, and quartz keratophyres) are dominant in this zone and they form hydrogeological barrier. Dinarides Ophiolite zone covers the largest part of Inner Dinarides and is composed of:  Radiolarite formation (Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous) made of radiolarites and shales, highly impermeable muddy-clayish material.  Upper Jurassic Ophiolite mélange (diabase chert formation), represent thick package of chaotic layers and tuff-clayish matrix with incorporated fragments ophiolite, chert, clay, crystal schist, marl and limestone. This complex represents hydrogeological isolator.  Ultramaphite massive is represented by peridotites and intrusive complex covered by gabbros and diabases with basalts. Methamorphosis in deeper sections created amphibolites and of crystal schists. Depending on the level of fracture and tectonic crush, these rocks may be aquifers of cavernous porosity. Two sediment formations transgressive to ophiolites are found:  Pogarska clastic formation (conglomerates, sandstones, breccia with rudaceous limestone) found in area of Žepče-Zavidovići, cavernous aquifer with poor impermeability  Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous limestone at Ophiolite basis, restricted and isolated aquifers of fissure-cavernous porosity. Middle Triassic limestone masses and Olistolithes of Ophiolite mélange are widely present in the Dinarides Ophilite zone (Kladanj, Stupari, Konjuh, Đurđevik) and represent significant aquifers of fissure- cavernous porosity with typical karst characteristics (significant springs are: Stupari, Studešnica, Krabašnica, Kotornica). Two Neogene basins are located in the Bosna river basin: the Sarajevo-Zenica and Tuzla. Sarajevo-Zenica basin is made of Neogene isolating sediments that form terrain without aquifers. Quarter indicates presence of gravel and sandstone deposits in Sarajevo field and alluvial components of the Bosna River. These deposits in some places reach depth of 30 m and thus exist as very potent water source used by the Sarajevo city and other settlement in the Bosna River alluvium. This is highly permeable aquifer of intergranular porosity. The Tuzla basin is made of several independent structural units, where the most important is the Kreka coal basin (sediment with aquifer function and isolator). Four different layers of coal are found with water carrying layers of sand at the bottom and water impermeable clays at the top. The Kreka basin is a large underground water body. Gračanica – Klokotnica part of the Neogene basin represents a significant water source for this area. Quarter sediments of intergranular porosity are found in the Sprečko field (Tuzla water source), sometimes reaching 30 m of depth. 3.4 Hydrology The Bosna River is about 275 km long, its width ranges from 35 to 150 m, and its depth from 1 to 7 m. The average altitude is 640 meters above sea level. The highest water level occurs in the period from March to May and in November, whilst the lowest one occurs in August and September. The river freezes only during severe winters. In the lower course, it deposits great amounts of gravel which affects the movement of riverbed. The bottom of the riverbed is predominantly composed of impermeable rocks. The Bosna River Basin has highly developed hydrography, with several large and number of smaller tributaries. The river originates from a strong karst spring and is fed by Zujevina, Željeznica and Miljacka in the Sarajevo field. The most important tributaries of the Bosna River are the rivers of Fojnička, Lašva, Krivaja, Usora and Spreča. The Bosna River Basin is hydrologically explored to a large extent. There is a large number of hydrological stations at which perennial systematic registering of water level and flow measurements have been performed (Figure 5). Specific flow rate are: surface 15.59 l/s/km2, mean flow volume 100 m3/s. 13 Figure 3 Hydrological stations in the Bosna River Basin (1/3) 14 Figure 4 Hydrological stations in the Bosna River Basin (2/3) 15 Figure 5 Hydrological stations in the Bosna River Basin (3/3) Generally, the flow regime of the Bosna River is stochastic, except for significant deterministic effects on several tributaries that disrupt the natural flow regime. This primarily refers to the Sarajevo Field area, since water is being abstracted from Vrelo Bosne for purposes of water supply of the City of Sarajevo, thus impoverishing the waters of the Željeznica River (which, flowing through Ilidža, in the summer months displays rather low flow rates). Also, there is the impact of the HPP Bogatići located on the Željeznica River, which disrupts the natural flow regime of the aforementioned river. Deterministic impact is most evident on the right tributary of river Bosna–Spreča: reservoir Modrac which impacts the flow regime of the Spreča River downstream of the dam, making it completely artificial. Hydrological characteristics of the main water courses in the Bosna River Basin that have flooding characteristics are given in Table 7. The flow registered during 2010 flood was 12-18 times higher than average. 16 Table 7 Hydrological characteristics of the main water courses in the Bosna River Basin in comparison with registered flow during the floods in 2010 Station Water Area of Qavg.yr. Q1/10 Q1/50 Q1/100 Maximum Occurrence course the basin (m3/s) registered flow in probability of (km2) 2010 (m3/s) the flow registered in 2010 Plandište Bosna - 6.28 24 29.5 34 253.21 - Ilidža Željeznica - 8.93 290 115.30 - Zavidovići Bosna 4996 97.4 1100 1502 1770 1.795,43 1/100 Olovo Krivaja 737 12.0 494 742 824 138.33 1/5 Zavidovići Krivaja 1410 24.6 703 1046 1176 271.81 1/5 Maglaj Bosna 6765 125 1610 2200 2420 1.616,381 1/20 Karanovac Spreča 1804 24.1 352 450 485 267.89 1/5 Characteristic flow values at all hydrologic stations of the Bosna River Basin in the FB&H, as well as intra- annual variations of average monthly flows for the river Bosna in the FB&H are given in Annex 1.12 3.5 Water quality During the year 2012, Water Agency for the Sava River Catchment Areas performed monitoring of physical-chemical, chemical and microbiological status of the Bosna River at 33 selected locations. Chemical status was monitored in line with the recommendations from the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC and supporting Directive 2008/105/EC that define list of the priority substances and environmental quality standards (EQS) for surface water bodies. Priority substances were analyzed in the water samples with the frequency from four to six times during the year. Results of the monitoring13 are presented in Table 8. 62% of the water samples indicate bad chemical status of waters in the Bosna River Basin. Priority substances determined not to satisfy the EQS were mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP). The origin of the pollution, whether it is natural or anthropogenic, is not known. Table 8 Result for the quality water monitoring for the Bosna River Basin in 2012 No. Monitoring place Required Observed Chemical Positive Negative quality quality status micobiol. microbiol. class class status status 1. Bosna – spring I I Bad + 2. Zujevina – downstream from II III Bad + Hadžići 3. Zujevina –confluence II III Good + 4. Bijela rijeka II II Bad + 5. Željeznica – Ilovice II II Bad + 6. Željeznica – upstream from Kijev II II Good + 7. Željeznica – confluence II II Bad + 8. Miljacka – Kozija ćuprija II III Bad + 12Zavod za vodoprivredu Sarajevo, Zavod za vodoprivredu Mostar, The Water Agency of Sava River Catchment Area, The Adriatic Sea River Basin District,Water Management Strategy of The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, March, 2012 13 Sanela Džino, Ajla Rizvanbegović – Rizvanović, Almedina Žero, Anesa PitA-Bahto, Alena Merdan, Danijela Sedić, Emir Mujić, Miodrag Tešević, Results of the monitoring in 2012., Journal „ Voda i mi“, no. 83, October, 2013 17 No. Monitoring place Required Observed Chemical Positive Negative quality quality status micobiol. microbiol. class class status status 9. Miljacka - confluence III V Good + 10. Ljubina – downs. from Srednje II III Good + 11. Ljubina – confluence II III Bad + 12. Misoča – confluence II III Good + 13. Stavnja –donst. from Vareš III III Good + 14. Stavnja – confluence III III Good + 15. Lepenica - Han Ploča II II Bad + 16. Lepenica – confluence in Fojnica. II III Bad + 17. Bila – confluence with Lašva II III Good + 18. Grlovnica – confluence e II III Good + 19. Kozica – confluence with Lašva II III Bad + 20. Stupčanica – confluence II III Good + 21. Bioštica – confluence II II Bad + 22. Krivaja – near Olovo II II Good + 23. Bosna – downstream from Maglaj III IV Good + 24. Usora – confluence II II Good + 25. Gostelja – confluence II III Bad + 26. Oskova – upstream from Gostelja II V Bad + 27. Oskova – confluence to Spreča II V Bad + 28. Spreča – upstream from Modrac II V Bad + 29. Turija –upstream from Bukovice II II Good + 30. Turija – confluence to Modrac lake II II Good + 31. Jala – upstream from Simin Han II V Bad + 32. Jala - confluence III V Bad + 33. Spreča – confluence III V Bad + Results of the surface water quality monitoring for the rivers in FB&H for the year of 2013 are still under preparation. 3.6 Soil The soli classification in the Bosna River Basin is done based on standard FAO classification. The following types of soil are found:  Acid brown soil (DYSTRIC CAMBISOL) – Ferralic Cambisol 6.38%,  Hummus silica soil (RANKER) – Umbric Leptosols 9.94 %,  Brow soil on limestone and dolomite (CALCOCAMBISOL) – Humic Cambisols 20.96% and  Limestone-dolomite black soil (CALCOMELANOSOL) – Mollic Leptosols 25.94 %. Their spatial distribution is given in Table 9 and Figure 6 to Figure 8. 18 Table 9 Type of soils in the Bosna River Basin FAO classification Surface area km2 % Calcaric Cambisols 178.38 2.33 Calcaric Fluvisols 106.45 1.39 Calcic Vertisols 200.56 2.62 Dystric Cambisol 346.81 4.54 Dystric Leptosols 28.77 0.38 Eutric Cambisols 309.16 4.04 Eutric Fluvisols 109.97 1.44 Eutric Gleysols 70.18 0.92 Eutric Vertisols 77.26 1.01 Ferralic Cambisol 487.79 6.38 Ferralic Luvisols 18.41 0.24 Gleyic Cambisols 133.23 1.74 Haplic Luvisols 205.65 2.69 Humic Cambisols 1603.00 20.96 Mollic Leptosols 1668.69 21.82 Rendzic Leptosols 425.46 5.56 Stagnic Luvisols 245.91 3.22 Umbric Leptosols 759.91 9.94 Vertic Cambisols 375.57 4.91 Vertic Luvisols 294.98 3.86 19 Figure 6 Types of soils in the Bosna River Basin (1/3) 20 Figure 7 Types of soils in the Bosna River Basin (2/3) 21 Figure 8 Types of soil in the Bosna River Basin (3/3) 3.7 Forests The Bosna River basin is geographically the largest river basin in B&H with altitudes ranging from 80 to 2,200 m a.s.l. Phytogeographically, it includes plants common to the Middle Bosnia zone14. Remaining of common oak and hornbeam forests can be found at the lowest altitudes. In the hilly zones found in the area from Sarajevo to Zenica and in the part of the Lašva and Usora catchment area, the most common are sessile oak and common hornbeam forest communities that are mixed with common beech and sessile oak forests. At the higher altitudes, common beech forests are found or they are mixed with the forests of sessile oak and common hornbeam. Mountain areas are mainly covered with mixed beech and silver fir and spruce forests. Common beech forests are also found and their character depends on the type of soil. Magmates and wide ophiolite zone dominate in the area of Nemila, Zavidovići and Maglaj, supporting specific forest vegetation such as thermophile woods of black pine, forests of black and white pine, sessile oak forest, mixed beech and silver fir forests and mixed beech and spruce forests. At higher altitudes and colder zones, mixed forests 14Information for this chapter are taken from Federal Water Management Strategy 2010-2020, Water Management Institute Sarajevo and Water Management Institute Mostar, May 2012 22 of silver fir and spruce are found. At highest, subalpine altitudes, subalpine beech and subalpine spruce are found as well as communities of mungo pine. The Middle Bosnia zone where the Bosna River Basin is located is very susceptible to erosion processes. In that sense, all types of forest ecosystems have very important role, especially forests at lower altitudes and in hilly areas. Mixed forest in mountain zones protect groundwater aquifers from pollution retaining most of the physical and chemical pollutants through in their root system, as well as prevent deep erosion. 3.8 Flora 3.8.1 Bosna River Valley Ecosystem of hygrophile forest of common oak and common hornbeam (Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris) is developed in the area of the Sarajevo field, mainly on terrain above the flood plains but under the impact of groundwater. Geological seed is made of gravel and sand sediments while soils are brown valley glaysoils. The most important flora species are common oak (Quercus robur), common hazel (Corylus avellana), common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), common spindle (Evonymus europaea), common mezereon (Daphne mezereum), wood anemon (Anemone nemorosa), woodland sedge (Carex silvatica), fig buttercup (Ficaria verna), etc. This ecosystem is characterized by medium biodiversity rate due to large urban agglomerations. Human activities resulted in the transformation of common oak and hornbeam ecosystem to secondary ecosystems of meadow vegetation, order Deschampsietalia. The ecosystem of hygrophile forests with black alder (Alnetum glutinosae) is located near the rivers and creeks, as well as on smaller surfaces around wells and flooded areas. In the swamp areas that are under the influence of high groundwater level, black alder and willows phytocenosis are present. The forest of black alder with Alpine grass (Carici brizoides-Alnetum glutinosae) is found around the Bosna River spring. Geological seed of native Alnetum is made of gravel and sand with clay deposits and hydrogenated black soil. The most important species in this ecosystem are black alder (Alnus glutinosa), gray willow (Salix cinerea), bay willow (Salix pentandra), alpine grass (Carex brizoides), guelder rose (Viburnum opulus), etc. This ecosystem is characterized by middle biodiversity rate. Ecosystem dynamics is continuous in period between April and beginning of October. Black alder ecosystem is mainly converted to secondary hygrophile meadows, order Molinietalia. The ecosystem of willow forest (Salicetum albe – fragilis) is located longitudinal along the Bosna River. Willow forests show signs of transversal spreading as a result of anthropogenic influence decrease. Geological seed is made of alluvial gravel of different granulometic content while swamp soil is gleyed. The most important species are white willow (Salix alba), silver poplar (Populus alba), black alder (Alnus glutinosa), purple willow (Salix purpurea), and other hygrophile species. As a result of anthropogenic activities, fragments of tertiary vegetation can be found. Presence of tertiary vegetation on terrains above groundwater is indicator of disturbed ecological equilibrium. Tertiary vegetation class Bidentetea tripartiti is developed on the hygrophile forest terrains, flooded depressions, along infiltration channels and creeks. The most important species are marigold (Bidens tripartitus), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), reeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), road-leaved Ragwort (Senecio fluviatilis), horse mint (Mentha longifolia), etc. The class Artemisietea includes vegetation of dry landfills and in this area is developed on smaller surfaces. The main edificatory species are burdock (Lappa maior), common wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata), common vetch (Vicia sativa), etc. Tertiary vegetation of stubble and plough land is covered by vegetation of Stellarietea mediae class and covers larger terrain from valley to hilly zones. Those are larger areas with extensive agricultural 23 production. The most important species are corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas), common vetch (Vicia angustifolia), corn buttercup (Ranunculus arvensis), sickle spurge (Euphorbia falcate), etc. Vegetation of trodden habitats of class Plantaginetea maioris covers terrains found above groundwater sources and next to the traffic infrastructure, inside protection zones and next to commercial facilities as well as locations that are partially trodden down and with medium content of nitrates. The most important species are common knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare), common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), quack grass (Agropyron repens), white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense), daisy (Bellis perennis), Pineapple Weed (Matricaria discoides), annual meadow grass (Poa annua), etc. Vegetation of class Chenopodietea covers vegetation of weeds and landfills rich in organic and inorganic material. This vegetation is lush and flourishing, difficult to pass through. The main edificatory species are danewort (Sambucus ebulus), black horehound (Ballota nigra), coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara), etc. 3.8.2 Spreča River Valley This region is very heterogenic from the aspect of biodiversity. Many centers of endemic species and living communities are found in this region, as well as centers of relict species – refugia of tertiary flora and fauna that survived till today in specific paleoclimatic conditions. Such rich biodiversity still has great value. Unfortunately, only approximate estimates of species numbers and level of their vulnerability are available. Preliminary assessments indicate large number of endangered species as well as whole communities. Biodiversity is clearly differentiated to standard levels: diversity of genes, diversity of species, biocenological diversity (diversity of plan communities) and ecological diversity (diversity of biocenosis or living communities and ecosystems, i.e. geobiocenosis or biogeocenosis). Beside general diversity of species, the representatives of number of bio-geographical elements are also present including Dinarides, Carpates, Ponts as well as presence of number of endemic species found in parts of the Tinja and Spreča river basins. Depending on geological-pedological and eco-climatic conditions, several types of ecosystems are found:  Ecosystem of knee holly and white hornbeam shrub land (Rusco-Carpinetum orientalis) that is developed in lower areal cover of this biome with several communities  Ecosystem of downy oak and hop hornbeam (Ostryo-Quercetum pubescentis) at higher altitudes  Ecosystem of hop hornbeam and autumn moor grass (Seslerio autumnalis-Ostryetum carpinifoliae) Main producers in this biome are kseroterm type of plants such as: downy oak (Quercus pubescens), oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis), evergreen Eurasian shrub (Ruscus aculeatus), hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia), manna ash (Fraxinus ornus), maple (Acer monspessulanum), mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb), smoke tree (Cotinus coggigria), dogwood (Cornus mas), rock buckthorn (Rhamnus rupestris), silver lime (Tilia tomentosa), early green hellebore (Helleborus multifidus), burning bush (Dictamnus albus), bloody cranesbill (Geranium sanguineum), Aristolochia pallida, wavy cyclamen (Cyclamen repandum), mercurialis (Mercurialis ovata), purple gromwell (Lithospermum purpureo-coeruleaum), honey balm (Melittis melisophyllum), etc.. This biome can be also observed together with ecosystems of xerothermic forests and bushes of manna ash and oriental hornbeam of Illyric zone (Orno-Carpinetum orientalis), relict forests of tillia and maple (Aceri-Tilietum mixtum) found in canyons of Drinjača, Gostilja and Tinja rivers, relict communities of knee holly and hop hornbeam, relict forests of oriental and common hornbeam ( Carpinetum betuli- orientalis), hop hornbeam and sessile oak (Ostryo-Quercetum daleschampii) also found in canyons of Drinjača, Gostilja and Tinja rivers, relict communities of hop hornbeam and knee holly of continental zone (Rusco- Carpinetum orientalis continentale), and thermophile woods of sessile oak and hop hornbeam (Ostryo- Quercetum petraeae) on mild slopes and developed soils in canyons of Drinjača, Gostilja and Tinja rivers. These woods indicate terminal phase of biome development. Many of these ecosystems have refugial- relict character and bio-geographical significance. 24 The stripe of Pre-Pannonian forests of bushes and shrubs is degraded to continental karts that differentiate to several ecosystems of lower organization levels when going from lower to higher altitudes. Along the rivers, on mainly alluvial plains of Pliocene and Holocene age, biomes of English oak and narrow leaved ash are developed, with main characteristics of mild continental climate partially modified to river plains. The structure of this biome makes several ecological and by appearance differentiated ecosystems whose existence is conditioned by different groundwater levels. Main indicators of these ecosystems are: English oak (Quercus robur), narrow leafed ash (Fraxinus angustifolia ), black alder (Alnus glutinosa), silver poplar (Populus alba), black poplar (Populus nigra), white willow (Salix alba), crack willow (Salix fragilis), hackberry (Prunus padus), guelder rose (Viburnum opulus), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus), common hop (Humulus lupulus), dewberry (Rubus caesius), bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara), silver lime Tilia tomentosa (in Pre-Pannonian zones), summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum), water forget-me-not (Myosotis palustris), grasses herb two pence (Lysimachia nummularia), Lysimachia vulgaris, marsh woundwort (Stachys palustris), milk parsley (Peucedanum palustre), gypsywort (Lycopus europaeus), comfrey (Symphytum officinale), wild liquorice (Glycyrrhiza echinata), elongated sedge (Carex elongate), alpine grass (Carex brizoides), and many others. Important geographical role among the flora species in this biome have invasive species that are imported to this area from different parts of the world including North and South America, Asia and other parts of Europe. The most important indicators are presence of common beggarticks (Bidens frondosus), water agrimony (B. tripartitus), wild cucumber (Echinocystis lobata), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisifolia), guascas (Galinsoga parviflora), calamus (Acorus calamus), pondweed (Elodea Canadensis) and others. Depending on the hydro-thermic regime this biome is differentiated to several clearly distinctive ecosystem groups. Going from the most important habitats, ecosystems of black alder, willows and white poplar forests and complex systems of English oak are found. English oak forest are differentiated to ecosystems of hygrophile forests of oak and dyer's broom (Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris) and ecosystems of hygromesophile forest of oak and common hornbeam ( Carpino betuli – Quercetum roboris), on dryer soils and sloped terrains. Along the watercourses on alluvial soils, ecosystems of hygrophile forests and shrubs of willows and poplar are found including:  Ecosystem of white willow ( Salicetum albae),  Ecosystem of white and crack willow (Salicetum albae-fragilis),  Ecosystem of willows and poplars (Salici – Populetum),  Ecosystem of white and black poplars (Populetum nigro-albae)  Ecosystem of almond willow (Salicetum triandrae) forests, and  Shrubs with purple osier (Salicetum purpureae). Alder forests are mainly found in wet habitats within this biome, along the riverbanks and going deep into continental zones. The following communities are the most common:  Forests of black alder and alder buckthorn (Frangulo alni- Alnetum glutinosae)  Forests of continental black alder (Alnetum glutinosae montanum)  Forests of black alder and elongated sedge (Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae) Shrubs of grey willow (Salix cinereae) also belong to this biome. Additionally, numerous ecosystems of hygrophile meadows of Molinion coeruleae and Deschampsion caespitosae are developed. On permanently wet soils swamp ecosystems are periodically developed with common reed (Phragmition australis), sedge (Magnocaricion and Spaganio-Glycerion), water ecosystems with lotuses Nymphaeion, Potamion eurosibiricum, ecosystems of floating flowers Lemnion, and ecosystems of coastal water Nanocyperion flavescentis. On a hilly terrain, entering continental zones, especially along the rivers where pseudogley and acid brown soils of Paleogene and Neogene age dominate, biom of sessile oak is developed at optimum 25 altitude of 600 m above sea level and up to 800 m where habitats are warmer. The main edificatory types found are: sessile oak (Quercus petraea), common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), wild cherry (Prunus avium), field maple (Acer campestre), tatar maple (Acer tataricum), wild pear (Pyrus pyraster), field elm (Ulmus campestre), bladdernut (Staphyllea pinnata), spindle (Evonymus europaeus), wild privet (Ligustrum vulgare), wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa), lungwort (Pulmonaria officinalis) and others. Within this biome zone, moist Arrenatherion elatioris meadows are developed, as well as numerous ecosystems of tertiary vegetation as a result of anthropogenic impact. 3.8.3 Usora River Valley This area is represented by narrow strip hygrophile forest vegetation which develops on the wet swampy soils with high level of groundwater. Alder associations of Alnetalia order are developed near watercourses on swampy and hydrogenated soils, mainly on the flat terrains. These associations are mixed with associations of silver poplar (Populetalia albae). Associations of alder are represented by Alnion glutinosae, that is association of Alnetum glutinosae with woody species such as black alder (Alnus glutinosa), elm (Ulmus effusa), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus), common dogwood (Thelycrania sanguinea), uelder rose (Viburnum opulus) and common hop (Humulus lupulus). Of herbaceous plants, the most types are Lycopus europaeus, Solanum dulcamara, Scrophularia nodosa, Ficaria verna, Petasites hybridus, Rumex sanguineus, Ranunculus repens, Lysimachia vulgaris and others. Hygrophile forests of silver poplar (Populetalia albae) are developed on alluvial deposits and swamp soils. Based on floristic content, these stand of trees belong to association Salicetum albae fragilis Tx., that is commonly found along rivers and creeks of the Dinaride area and wider. Fragments of this association are developed in the narrow coastal zone. Edificatory role have white willow (Salix alba) and crack willow (Salix fragilis) while other trees and shrubs are represented with white elm (Ulmus laevis), black poplar (Populus nigra), field maple (Acer campestris), common spindle (Evonymus europae), dewberry (Rubus caesisus), common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), wild privet (Ligustrum vulgare), ivy (Hedera helix), common hop (Humulus lupulus), common dogwood (Thelycrania sanguinea), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus), guelder rose (Viburnum opulus) and some others. Herbaceous plants are represented by Glechoma hederacea, Lysimachia nummularia, Lycopus europaeus, Stachys palustris, Roripa sylvestris, Angelica sylvestris, Potentilal reptans, Geranium robertianum, Brachypodium sylvaticum and others. 3.9 Fauna Fauna of the Bosna River and its major tributaries (Lašva, Spreča and Usora) shows high fauna difference from its spring to the lower parts of its watercourse. River fauna is slightly different in parts of the river watercourses running through the cities because of higher pollution from the city wastewater and industry wastewater and is not inhabited by protected, endangered and sensitive water fauna species Land fauna is mostly absent in city regions excluding domestic animals like domestic cats ( Fellis catus Linnaeus, 1758) and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and avian fauna represented mostly by species such as like pigeons (Columba livia Gmelin, 1789), crows (Corvus corone Linnaeus, 1758), sparrows (Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)), Jay (Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus, 1758)), magpie (Pica pica (Linnaeus, 1758)), Jackdaw (Corvus monedula (Linnaeus, 1758)). In the Bosna River, in last few years the large populations of the duck family (Anatidae) can be found with the most abundant species Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758). The Bosna River also shows rich biodiversity in macro invertebrate community in all parts of its watercourse. Characteristics of the macro invertebrate community in part of the river in the urban areas demonstrate less qualitative and more quantitative abundance of the species. The most abundant species that can be found it these parts of the watercourse are: Dicrotendipes nervosus, Eukiefferiella similis, Hydropsyche incognita, Paratrichocladius rufiventris, Atherix ibis, and Holandriana holandrii. The most abundant families in these parts of the watercourse are Simulidae, Tubificidae and Lumbricidae. Bosna River and its tributaries are inhabited by 28 fish species, mainly cyprinid. Some of the species are: European brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri (Bloch, 1784)), carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758), gudgeon (Gobio gobio Linnaeus,1758), tench (Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758)), vimba (Vimba vimba 26 (Linnaeus, 1758)) carp bream (Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758)), schneider (Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1784)), common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758)), common roach (Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus,1758)), European chub (Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus,1758)), common nase (Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus,1758)), spined loach (Cobitis taenia (Linnaeus,1758)), European perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus,1758), zander (Stizostedion lucioperca (Linnaeus,1758)), and northern pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus,1758). Fishing is prohibited in the spawning period of certain fish species. For example, the spawning period for common carp is between 1 April to 31 May, catfish during the period from 1 April – 15 June, rainbow trout from 1 October to 1 March etc. 3.10 Protected areas 3.10.1 Nature protected areas Nine protected areas are found in the Bosna River Basin, of that five are proclaimed as protected while other four are “planned” to be protected. Table 10 gives overview of protected areas with respect to water courses in the Bosna River Basin. These locations are shown on Figure 9 and Figure 10. Besides the above mentioned protected areas, several other areas of unknown status exist in the Bosna River Basin. They are listed in Table 11. The identified areas are mainly located on higher altitudes and are not susceptible to negative impact of floods. Only natural values of Monument of Nature Vrelo Bosne and Protected Landscape Miljacka Canyon can be influenced by floods since they are located in the river valley. Table 10 Protected areas in the Bosna River Basin Name IUCN Status Area Water course Comment about the Surface of category (km2) (Hydrological location of water protected area station course with respect inside the river ID) to protected area basin (km2) (%) Protected V Protected 3.70 Krivaja – - 3.70 4.26 landscape downstream from Bijambare Olovo (407026) National II Planned 562.87 Convulsion of - 64.68 44.22 Park Željeznica with Bjelašnica- Bosna (406019) Igman Zujevina – - 2.26 4.69 convulsion (431223) Zujevina (431224) Upstream section 5,23 41.53 flows through protected areas Zujevina (431226) - 20.66 74.82 Zujevina (431225) Downstream section 18.52 49.27 flows through protected areas Zujevina (431227) - 56.85 78.35 Bijela (406234) Completely inside 44.12 99.81 protected area Željeznica (406021) Upstream section 18.58 75.52 flows through protected areas Željeznica (406020) - 2.38 9.03 Bijela (406233) Upstream section 71.25 99.92 flows through protected areas Lepenica 409202) - 57.64 30.44 Bosna (104019) - 12.02 12.57 27 Name IUCN Status Area Water course Comment about the Surface of category (km2) (Hydrological location of water protected area station course with respect inside the river ID) to protected area basin (km2) (%) Željeznica (406022) Upstream section 104.51 63.10 flows through protected areas Protected V Protected 1.48 Miljacka (401003) Downstream section 0.95 0.31 Landscape flows through Miljacka protected areas Canyon Miljacka (401002) Upstream section 0.53 1.12 flows through protected areas Monument III Protected 22.26 Dragača (409037) - 15.42 14.69 of Nature Prokoško Lake Monument III Protected 14.34 Bosna (104018) - 13.20 8.50 of Nature Miljacka (401001) - 0.99 1.57 Skakavac Ljubina (429151) - 0.15 0.16 Protected V Planned 123.,20 Lašva (408030) - 11.83 6.77 Landscape Lašva(408029) - 2.63 5.61 Vlašić Bila (408070) Downstream section 20.31 34.82 flows through protected areas Bila (408069) Upstream section 53.53 88.22 flows through protected areas Bila (408068) - 0.51 0.59 National II Planned 282.18 Željeznica (409038) Protected area 45.63 46.56 Park border next to the Vranica left bank Dragača (409037) Upstream section 62.12 59.17 flows through protected areas Kozica (408074) - 0.01 0.07 Monument III Protected 5.54 Željeznica (406019) - 0.01 0.01 of Nature Bosna (104019) Upstream section 5.31 5.55 Vrelo flows through Bosne protected areas Zujevina (431223) - 0.22 0.46 Protected V Protected 401 Miljacka Left bank of Miljacka N/A N/A Landscape (401002) river Trebević National II Planned 493.73 Gostovića (423122) - 23.84 14.21 Park Stupčanica (407006) - 5.92 4.68 Zvijezda Krivaja (407026) - 15.65 17.99 Krivaja (407025) - 57.44 66.76 Krivaja (407024) - 251.15 49.89 Misoča (410061) - 6.83 10.24 Stavnja (411063) - 0.01 0.01 Stavnja (411065) - 15.44 32.91 Trstionica (414092) - 0.85 0.89 Trstionica (414094) - 1.82 4.09 Trstionica (414095) - 0.34 2.44 Gostelja (403180) - 0.001 0.001 Oskova (403179) - 19.54 15.60 28 Figure 9 Nature protected areas in the Bosna River Basin (1/2) 29 Figure 10 Nature protected areas in the Bosna River Basin (2/2) 30 Table 11 Protected areas of unknown status in the Bosna River Basin Name Total Surface area IUCN Water course surface inside the Bosna Category (Hydrological area River Basin station ID) (ha) (ha) Regional Park of Nature "Park Treskavica" - - I - IV Željeznica (406022) Nature Reserve "Part of Željeznica water 6 6 I - II Željeznica course (Turovi - Treskavica)" (406022) Recreational and other areas "Recreational - - II - IV Željeznica area Jahorina" (406022) Recreational and other areas "Recreational - - II - IV Bijela rijeka area Bjelašnica and Igman” (406233) Recreational and other " Bosna River " (from - - I - III Bosna spring to Krivoglavci) (104019) Recreational and other areas “Miljacka river - - I - III Miljacka Canyon, from Pale to Kozja ćuprija” (401003) Nature Reserve "Vodopad Skakavac" 4 4 I Bosna (104018) Regional Park of Nature "Planina Vranica" - - I - III Dragača (409037) Recreational and other areas "Misoča River - - I - III Misoča valley, from spring to confluence with Bosna (410060) River " Nature Reserve "Sastojina Tise" 10 10 I - II Bosna (104018) Recreational and other areas "Fojnička River - - I - III Fojnička River valley, from Fojnica to Kiseljak" 409036 Recreational and other areas "Parts of Ozren - - II - III Ljubina Mountain" (429151) Nature Reserve "Waterfall on Kozica River" 5 5 I Kozica (next to Read rocks-Crvene Stijene) (408073) Nature Reserve "Forest area Tisovac" 50 50 III - IV Lašva (408028) Nature Reserve "Waterfalls on Jaglenica 1 1 I Grlovnica River” (408079) Nature Reserve "Forest area Kruščica" 50 50 III - IV Lašva (408028) Nature Reserve " Čuda Canyon" 14 14 I - II Krivaja (407025) Nature Reserve "Peatland Djilda, Zvijezda 10 10 I Misoča Mountain" (410061) Nature Reserve "Peatland Zvijezda Mountain" 10 10 II Stavnja (411065) Nature Reserve "Waterfall Očevlje" 1 1 I Krivaja (407025) Nature Reserve "Rainforest Zuča-Ribnica" 30 30 I Bosna (104017) Recreational and other areas "Krivaja river - - II - IV Krivaja valley, from Olovo to Zavidovići” (407024) Recreational and other areas " Vlašić - - II - IV Bila Mountain" (408069) Recreational and other areas "Parts of Konjuh - - III - IV Krivaja Mountain” (407024) Nature Reserve "Forest land Bistričak" 30 30 III - IV Bosna (104015) Recreational and other areas "Artificial - - III - IV Spreča through reservoir Modrac near Tuzla" Modrac (403010) 31 3.10.2 Water spring protection zones This chapter gives the review of water springs used for domestic water supply for which the protection related documents are prepared (e.g. reports on protection zones, decisions on protection and alike). Table 12 Springs used for domestic water supply Spring name Location Used for water Minimum yield of 1/20 River Basin (municipality) supply of probability occurrence Q5 (l/s) Sarajevsko polje Sarajevo Sarajevo 2,800 Bosna Planinska vrela Sarajevo Sarajevo 310 Σ Q = 5,945 Grupa vrela Hadžići Hadžići 50 l/s Studešnica Banovići Banovići 30 Krabašnica Banovići Banovići 30 Mahmutovića rijeka Breza Breza 18 Tocili Fojnica - 70 Požarna Fojnica Fojnica 30 Bježanija Fojnica Fojnica 23 Grupa vrela Kiseljak Kiseljak 35 Grupa vrela Kreševo Kreševo 27 Zeleni vir Olovo Olovo 120 Orlja Olovo Olovo 40 Grupa vrela Novi Travnik Novi Travnik 35 Plava voda Travnik Travnik 700 Bašbunar Travnik Travnik 60 Očevlja Vareš Vareš 70 Stijene Vareš - 70 Vrutak Visoko Visoko 100 Kruščica Vitez Zenica-Vitez 300 Babina rijeka Zenica Zenica 120 Klopče Zenica Zenica 10 Kremenik Vitez Vitez 120 Izron Zavidovići Zavidovići 160 Ravna rijeka Žepče Žepče 17 Toplice Živinice Tuzla 200 Sprečko polje Živinice Živinice 150 Stupari Kladanj Tuzla 250 32 Figure 11 Water spring protection zones (1/3) 33 Figure 12 Water spring protection zones (2/3) 34 Figure 13 Water spring protection zones (3/3) 35 4 OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN FB&H 4.1 Environmental assessment procedure The competences for environmental assessment in FB&H are split between Federal and Cantonal Ministries responsible for environment. The environmental assessment in FB&H is implemented within the environmental permit issuing procedure. The procedure for the issuance of environmental permits in the Federation is prescribed by:  Law on Environmental Protection ("Official Gazette of FB&H" 33/03),  Law on Amendments to Law on Environmental Protection ("Official Gazette of FB&H" 38/09),  Regulations of plants and facilities requiring environmental impact assessment and plants and facilities allowed to be constructed and commission only if provided with the environmental permit ("Official Gazette of FB&H" 19/04) (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Regulations), The Federal Regulations define:  plants and facilities requiring a mandatory environmental impact assessment,  plants and facilities for which the environmental impact assessment is carried out based on the assessment of the Federal Ministries, and  plants and facilities that do not require environmental impact assessments, and for which the Federal Ministry issues the environmental permit. For plants and facilities requiring environmental impact assessment , assessment procedure begins with the submission of the Environmental Impact Study (hereinafter referred to as the Study) to the Federal Ministry of Environment and Tourism (hereinafter referred to as the Ministry). Throughout the assessment procedure, the Ministry provides public with the access to the Study via website of the Ministry, informs and invites public to discuss the Study (ensuring participation of the public and the stakeholders), and appoints an expert committee to review the Study. After the public hearing and assessment of the expert committee, the Ministry issues a Decision approving or rejecting the Study. In case of the approval, the Ministry issues a Decision approving the environmental permit. In case of refusal, the procedure is terminated. For plants and facilities for which the environmental impact assessment is carried out based on the assessment of the Federal Ministry, the assessment procedure begins by preparation and submission of the Request for Environmental Permit (hereinafter referred to as the Request) to the competent Ministry and the Ministry submits the Request along with the attachments to the competent authorities and stakeholders for the purpose of receiving opinions and suggestions (ensuring participation of the public and the stakeholders). While reviewing the Request for the environmental permit, the Ministry takes into account the following criteria:  Project characteristics (size, accumulation of other structures, use of natural resources, production of waste, pollution and interferences, the risk of accidents, etc.)  Project location and environmental sensitivity of geographical areas likely to be affected by the project (existing land use, availability, quality and regenerative capacity of natural resources, absorption capacity of the natural environment: wetlands, coastal zones, protected areas, etc.)  Characteristics of potential impacts (extent of impact, impact of the trans boundary nature, size and complexity of the impact, impact probability, duration, frequency and reversibility). If it is determined that the location of the project is in the zone under a specific protection regime, either under the Water Law (water protection zone) or Law on Environment Protection, then the estimate is required to verify compliance of the activities with the protection regimes and potential impacts. If, based on the Request and the enclosed evidence, it is determined that the Environmental Impact Study (EIS) is not necessary, the Ministry shall issue the Environmental Permit. Otherwise, the Ministry issues the Decision on the necessity of carrying out the Environmental Impact Assessment. The development of the Study includes the obligation to conduct a public discussion, and the evaluation of the Study is carried out by the expert commission appointed by the Minister. 36 For plants and facilities not requiring the Environmental Impact Assessment , for which the Federal Ministry issues the environmental permit, the procedure for the environmental permit begins with the submission of the Environmental Permit Request to the Ministry, which issues the environmental permit within 120 days from the date of application. For projects, plants and facilities allowed to be constructed and commissioned only if provided with the environmental permit and which, based on the size and capacity belong to the cantonal level (and municipal level in Middle Bosnia Canton) pursuant to the cantonal regulations, it is necessary to prepare the Environmental Permit Request. The Request shall be submitted to the competent cantonal Ministry of Environmental Protection (or responsible municipal department for physical planning in Middle Bosnia Canton), which has an obligation to publish the Request on the website of the Ministry, and deliver the copies of the Request to the stakeholders for comments and suggestions to ensure public participation. The comparative overview of the content of documents relevant to the environmental assessment is given in Table 13. A graphic presentation of the above described EIA procedure in FB&H is presented in the Figure 14. Table 13 Comparative Overview of the Contents of Documents Relevant to the EA Environmental Permit Request Content EIS Content  Excerpt from a planning document of the  Description of physical characteristics of the respective area marked with the legend of overall project and conditions of land use, the use of a wider surface area and the site during construction and operation of the plant land uses and facilities planned by the project, Description of:  Description of the basic characteristics of the  plants, facilities and activities (plan, production process, nature and quantity of technical description of work, etc.) materials used,  basic and auxiliary materials, other  Assessment, by type and quantity, expected substances and energy used or produced by waste and emissions (pollution of water, air and plants and facilities, land, noise, vibration, light, heat, radiation, etc.)  sources of emissions from plants and that are the result of planned production facilities, process.  condition of the location of plants and  Description of the environment, which might be facilities, affected by the project:  the nature and amount of projected o Population data, emissions from plants and facilities into o Data on flora, fauna, water, air, land, environment (air, water, soil) o Climatic characteristics of the area,  Identification of significant environmental o The existing tangible property, impacts, including cultural, historical and  Proposed measures, technology and other archaeological heritage, techniques for preventing or, if not possible, o Description of the landscape, reducing emissions from the plant, o Specific elements identified in the  Measures to prevent the production and for previous EIA. recovery of useful materials from wastes  Description of potentially significant impacts of produced by the plant, the project on environment, population, flora,  Other measures to comply with the basic fauna, water, air, soil, climatic factors, on obligations of operators, especially measures material goods, including cultural, historical and after the closure of the plant archaeological heritage, landscape,  Interrelation of the above mentioned factors,  Specific impacts of the project on the environment identified in the previous EIA,  Description of the methods proposed by the applicant for the EIA.  Description of mitigation measures for adverse effects includes measures to prevent, reduce or mitigate any adverse impact on environment:  Overview of basic alternatives,  Non-technical summary, Indication of difficulties. 37 EIA based on the EIA is not EIA needed ministry decision Environmental Impact Environmental Permit Request Assessment Study (EIS) Screening Public hearing Review by Experts Public disclosure - Comittee submission to Public disclosure - stakeholders submission of EIS to stakeholders Ministry Decision on need to decision develop EIS EIS is not Approval of acceptable EIS Decision on environmental permit Monitoring Environmental inspection Figure 14 EIA procedure in FB&H 38 4.2 Other regulation that have impact on the environmental assessment 4.2.1 Water management regulation Pursuant to the Water Law (“Official Gazette of the FB&H” 70/06), the environmental permit is issued on the basis of the previously obtained Preliminary Water Approval. Preliminary Water Approval is one of the water acts, which decides on the entitlement of the rights to water to an applicant, as well as the manner of exercising these rights (Article 11). Water Law prescribes that project such as water intake and discharge of wastewater in all sectors, activities including construction of flood defense structures, river training as well as all other activities that can influence the water quality and quantity, impact aquatic systems, and influence stability of river beds, it is necessary to obtain water acts, namely:  Preliminary Water Approval, prescribing the conditions under which the competent Ministry agrees to the use of water, and issued in the phase of issuing location permits in terms of regulations on civil constructions and environmental permits in terms of environmental regulations;  Water Approval, determining that the documentation, enclosed to the water permit request, is pursuant to the preliminary water permit, water regulations and planning documents, and issued prior to the issuance of construction approval in terms of civil construction regulations,  Water Permit, confirming the fulfillment of the conditions set in the Water Approval, and issue prior to the issuance of use permits in terms of civil construction regulations. Water Permit determines purpose, way and conditions for water use, working regime of facilities and plants, ways and conditions for wastewater discharge, ways and conditions for solid and liquid waste, and other conditions. Water Permit also determines responsibility of users related to wastewater quantity measurement, measurement frequency, quality control and recording of taken and used water, as well as responsibilities related to calculation and payment of water fees. Water acts in FB&H are issued in accordance with the Regulations of the Water Acts Content, Form, Terms, Issuing Procedure and Storing ("Official Gazette of FB&H" 06/08, 57/09 and 72/09). Water acts are not necessary for (i) construction of water supply system that delivers water to residential and other type of objects that use water solely for drinking and sanitary purposes in quantities up to 1 l/sec, (ii) construction of sewage system and other facilities for collection and transport of wastewater from residential and touristic facilities, and (iii) cable telecommunication (above and underground), low- voltage electrical and low-pressure gas network if it does not have influence of water assets and is not constructed in water good. The Water Law also prescribes that the competent Ministry for environment should integrate water protection recommendations and measures from the Preliminary Water Approval into the Environmental Permit for those projects that are subject to environmental assessment. The issuing request together with the Study for Preliminary Water Approval, pursuant to the legislation shall be submitted by the authority competent to issue the Environmental Permit. It should be noted that the practice is different from the above prescribed practice and that the investor itself is required to start the procedure of the Preliminary Water Approval issuance. For plants and facilities, which prior to obtaining the Environmental Permit must undergo the EIA procedure, the authority responsible for the issuing of Water Acts is to be involved in the EIA procedure, at the request of the authority conducting the EIA procedure. Sava River District Water Agency and the Cantonal Ministries of Agriculture, Water and Forestry of respective Canton are competent for the issuance of water acts. In the specific case of FERP in FB&H, division of competencies is given in table below. 39 Table 14 Division of responsibilities for issuing of water acts relevant to FERP Water Agency for Sava River Catchment Area Cantonal Ministries responsible for water  Water intake of more than 10 l/s  Water intake of less than 10 l/s  Discharge of wastewater in surface or ground  Construction of flood defense facilities in water waters courses of II category, if these activities does  Construction of flood defense facilities in not influence water courses of I category water courses of I category as well as  Construction of regional and local roads construction of flood defense facilities in including forest roads water courses of II category, if these activities  Construction of bridges and other facilities influence water courses of I category above or in surface waters of II category  Construction of railways, highways and  Training or any intervention in surface waters magisterial roads of II category  Construction of bridges and other facilities above or in surface waters of I category  Training or any intervention in surface waters of I category According to the article 114 of the Water Law, reconstruction projects are subject to issuing of Water Approval and Water Permit only. 4.2.2 Waste management regulation Pursuant to the Law on Waste ("Official Gazette of FB&H" 33/03, Article 19) Waste Management Plan is to be enclosed to the Environmental Permit Request. The plan should include:  documentation on waste produced by enterprises (origin, type of waste in accordance with the list of wastes, composition, quantity),  measures to be taken for prevention of waste production, especially concerning the hazardous waste,  separation of waste, especially separation of hazardous and other types of waste from the waste to be reused,  disposal of waste to the landfill,  treatment and/or disposal methods. Law on Waste Management, from the aspect of this project, sets general requirements concerning the construction and demolition waste management. Regulation of Waste Categories with Lists (“Official Gazette of FB&H” 09/05) establishes a list of wastes by operations they are produced from. Construction and demolition waste is specified as one of the subcategories in this List under classification 17 00 00. 4.2.3 Civil construction regulations Civil construction in Bosnia and Herzegovina is regulated by the following legal acts: 1. Law on Physical Planning and Land Use on the Level of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Official Gazette of FB&H" 2/06, 72/07, 32/08, 4/10, 13/10 and 45/10) 2. Cantonal Laws on Physical Planning and Civil Construction in FB&H. Pursuant to the Federal and Cantonal regulation on physical planning and civil construction, for reconstruction projects, it is necessary to obtain the construction approval and the use permit. According to the Article 7 of Decision on construction site organization, obligatory documentation on the construction site and participants in construction (“Official Gazette of FB&H“, 48/09, 75/09, 93/12), the Contractor shall prepare Construction Waste Management Plan as a part of obligatory documentation on a construction site. 40 5 OVERVIEW OF WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1 OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment World Bank introduced the Environmental Assessment Policy through Operational Directions (OD) 4.01 in 1989. This policy has been expanded to the Operational Policy (OP) 4.01 and Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01 in 1999 with the latest revision in April 2013. OP/BP 4.01 is applied to any investment loan financed or implemented by the Bank in case there is a possibility that the referred project results in adverse environmental impacts. This operational policy has also been envisaged as an instrument to improve the implementation of the project itself and to enhance the project quality and sustainability. The World Bank environmental assessment evaluates potential environmental impacts and risks related to the project, examines project alternatives, identifies ways of improving the selection of project alternatives, siting, planning, designing of interventions on site (for the planned project), and implementation by prevention, minimization, mitigation, or compensation of adverse environmental impacts. The Bank favors preventive measures over mitigation or consequential compensatory measures, whenever feasible. Environmental assessment takes into account all components of the natural environment (air, water, and land), human health and safety, social aspects (population resettlement, indigenous population and physical cultural resources), as well as transboundary and global environmental aspects involving climate changes, use of substances harmful to the ozone layer, contamination of international water courses, and adverse impacts on the biodiversity. Environmental assessment considers natural and social aspects in an integrated way. It also takes into account differences among projects and conditions of each individual country, the findings of a country environmental studies, national environmental action plans; the country's overall policy framework, national legislation, and institutional capabilities related to the environment and social aspects, as well as, pertaining to the specified project activities, obligations of the country under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. As stated in the paragraph 8 of the Operational Policy (OP) 4.01 - Environmental Assessment, the Bank undertakes screening of each of the proposed projects to determine the appropriate extent and type of the environmental assessment. The Bank classifies the proposed project into one of four categories (A, B, C, F), depending on the type, site, sensitivity and scale of the project, as well as nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. Depending on the project, WB applies different instruments to satisfy the WB requirements for the environmental assessment (Table 15). Table 15 EA Categories and Instruments Pursuant to the Operational Policy 4.01 Project Type of impact Environmental Assessment Instrument category A The project is likely to have significant adverse Environmental Impacts Assessment environmental impact that is sensitive, diverse or Regional or Sectoral Environmental Assessment unprecedented. Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment B The project’s potential adverse environmental Environmental Audit impacts on human populations or environmentally Hazard and Risk Assessment important areas - including wetlands, forests, Environmental Management Plan grasslands, and other natural habitats - are less Environmental and Social Management adverse than those of Category A projects Framework C The project is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts F The project involves investment of Bank funds through a financial intermediary, in subprojects that may result in adverse environmental impacts 41 When the borrower has inadequate legal or technical capacity to carry out key EA-related activities (such as review of EA, environmental monitoring, inspections, or management of mitigation measures) for a proposed project, the project includes components to strengthen that capacity. For all Category A and B projects proposed for IBRD or IDA financing, during the EA process, the borrower consults project-affected groups and local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) about the project's environmental aspects and thereby takes their views into account. 5.2 Activities that may trigger additional safeguard policies The Flood Emergency Recovery Project foresees investments in three types of activities: (i) reconstruction of local roads (ii) reconstruction of local water supply network, and (ii) reconstruction of regional public infrastructures (roads, dykes, etc.). Considering that the activities involve reconstruction only, it is envisaged that the project will not go beyond the original design and will not involve any extension of current capacities. Nevertheless, the following safeguard policies should be considered when screening the project for its potential environmental impacts:  OP 4.04 – Natural Habitats in case that a project is implemented in naturally protected areas and/or might involve the significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats;  OP 4.07 - Water Resources Management in case that a project (i) intend to increase use of groundwater resources for drinking water purposes and thus potentially lead to their overexploitation, or (ii) intent to change water regime, or (iii) might lead to any other type of water resources misuse;  OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources, in case that a project (a) involves any significant excavations, demolition, movement of earth, flooding, or other environmental changes; and (b) is located in, or in the vicinity of, a physical cultural resources site.  OP 4.36 – Forests, in case that a project is implemented in or nearby forests thus posing threat to health and quality of forests. 42 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING PROCESS 6.1 Project related environmental assessment needs The analysis of the necessity for environmental assessment of local/regional infrastructure reconstruction subprojects was based on the positive regulations from the concerned field at Federal and Cantonal level15. Table 16 gives overview of requirements for proposed subprojects as well as for projects similar in nature that should be considered in screening process. Table 16 Environmental Assessment Requirements in FB&H Project Description FB&H FB&H Sarajevo Zenica - Tuzla Posavina EIA Assessment of Canton Doboj Canton Canton Required need for EIA Envtl Canton Envtl Envtl or envtl permit Envtl permit permit permit permit PROPOSED PROJECTS Reconstruction of local No No No No No No roads Reconstruction of local No No No No No No water supply network Reconstruction of regional No No No No No No public infrastructures (roads, dykes, etc.) SIMILAR PROJECTS Construction of  110 kV if No No No No No transmission lines part or the transmissi on system  > 220 kV Abstraction of ground >3 million 1 - 3 million 0.2 - 3 million 0.2 - 1 No No water16 m3/y m3/y m³/y million m³/y Widening of existing >10 km of No < 10 km of < 10 km < 10 km < 10 km regional and local road (or continuous continuous by continuous continuo continuou street in settlements and by length length by length us by s by length cities in Canton Sarajevo) length with two or less lines to four or more lines, where the new road or widened part of the road would be Construction of channels No No No No No Yes and flood defense structures on internal water courses Projects that might have Yes No No No No No impact on nature protected areas Existing EIA facilities that Yes No No No No No are subject to increase of capacity for more than 25% related to use of space or resources 15 Regulation of plants and facilities allowed to be constructed and commissioned only if provided with the environmental permit (Official Gazette of Canton Sarajevo, 08/11). Regulations on activities, plants and facilities allowed to be constructed only if provided with the environmental permit (Official Gazette of Zenica Doboj Canton, 12/05); Regulations on issuing the environmental permit for plants and facilities and other planned activities that may have significant impact on the environment (Official Gazette of Tuzla Canton, 03/05, 09/07); Regulations on issuing the environmental permit for plants and facilities and other planned activities that may have significant impact on the environment (Official Gazette of Posavina Canton, 06/10); 16 To be considered in relation to possible use for water supply 43 It should also be noted that, according to the Article 60 of Law on Nature Protection (“Official Gazette FBiH” 66/13) any project that can have impact on nature protected areas will be subject to environmental assessment on the federal level in relation to the protection goals of the area. According to the article 56 of the Law on Environmental protection, any change in the existing EIA facility that will cause increase in capacity for more than 25% related to the use of space or resources also triggers EIA procedure on the federal level. It can be concluded that the proposed subprojects related to reconstruction of existing local and regional infrastructure are not subject to environmental assessment according to federal and cantonal environmental regulation. However, in case the project involves construction of new or widening of existing infrastructure with increase of current capacities, it might be subject to environmental assessment if it is above the threshold capacities given in table above. While assessing the requirements, the project exclusion list prepared by the WB for Flood Emergency Reconstruction project should be consulted (Table 17). Table 17 Subproject activities not eligible for financing Subproject activities NOT eligible for financing GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Corresponds to World Bank Category A project. Has a significant and irreversible environmental impact and requires a mandatory environmental license based on a full EIA report as per the entity bylaws on “plants and processes that require an environmental permit” (under the Laws on Environmental Protection in RS and FBIH) Involves significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats. These may include, but not be limited to any protected areas, protected landscapes or nature parks including t he Bardača special reserve area. No works, other than removal of debris and repair of pre-existing infrastructure is allowed. Will involve works and potential damages on any of the listed or potential cultural heritage sites and buildings that are proclaimed as such by the State Level Commission for the Preservation of Monuments and the responsible Entity Institutes for Monument Protection. Require pesticides that fall in WHO classes IA, IB or II Require displacement/resettlement of affected population. Repair of privately owned production facilities/ houses. Supports commercial logging or plantations in forested areas. Any “salvage logging” operations (which might be undertaken as a result of damage to forests) Drinking Water Supply: New or expansion of piped water scheme to serve 500 or more households. Sanitation: New or significant expansion of sewerage or wastewater treatment plant. Rehabilitation of existing wastewater treatment plant. Solid Waste: New or significant expansion of sanitary and engineered disposal sites. No expansion of open municipal dump-sites. Roads and Infrastructure: New roads. Widening of primary roads Construction of new temporary or permanent infrastructure to bypass devastated areas which have a segment length greater than 500 m and cumulative length of 2,000 m within a corridor of 10 km or less Agriculture/Irrigation: Procurement of seeds or planting material for crops meant for consumption, without prior soil sampling to ensure no contamination and/or heavy metal presence in soil Procurement of seeds and seedlings allowed only with guidance of the relevant agriculture/plant institutes in country New irrigation scheme or expansion of a scheme requiring increased water intake. New tube-well for irrigation. River Basin Management: Repair of dykes or dams that are higher than 5 m or store water volumes larger than 1,000,000 m 3 construction of new, or substantial expansion of existing flood protection works, including the 44 Subproject activities NOT eligible for financing GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS conversion of floodplains or riverine forests. Power: New power generating capacity of more than 5 MW Rehabilitation of hydro-electric power station with dam, or entailing alteration of the water flow regime. Oil and Gas: New distribution Income Generating Activities: Activities involving use of unsustainably harvested timber or fuel-wood. Activities involving the use of hazardous substances such as pesticides/herbicides, explosives, products deemed illegal by national laws, PCBs, radioactive materials unbound asbestos fibers. Pursuant to the requirements of the Water Law in FB&H, for all proposed reconstruction projects it is necessary to obtain Water Approval and Water Permit. These acts are issued in a two stage process implemented in parallel with the civil construction permitting (issuing of construction approval and use permit). Water acts regulate aspects of protection of facilities against water, , conditions for protection of water against pollution generated by permitted facility and conditions for water use at the location of the project. According to the Project Appraisal Documents for the Floods Emergency Recovery Project, the project is classified as environmental category “B”, in accordance with Operational Policy OP 4.01. Since exact subprojects are not determined and will be decided based on demand and consultations with the concerned municipalities and communities, the appropriate instrument of OP 4.01 is the ESMF. The ESMF will identify the policy triggers for the Project, the screening criteria of subprojects, the environmental and social impacts for the likely subprojects and the measures to mitigate the identified risks. The ESMF will directly enable screening out of activities that correspond to Category A projects, or that may trigger additional safeguards policies. The projects that are not eligible for financing are given in Table 17. Project environmental requirements are summarized in Table 18. The subprojects in FB&H shall need to satisfy environmental assessment requirements of the World Bank as well as the two-step water permitting requirements laid down in the federal water management regulations. Table 18 Project Environmental Requirements Project type Category WB EA Instrument Instruments Pursuant to Pursuant to the WB FB&H Regulations Reconstruction of local B Checklist EMP or full Water Approval roads EMP depending on Water Permit the scope of the project Reconstruction of local B Checklist EMP or full Water Approval water supply network EMP depending on Water Permit the scope of the project Reconstruction of regional B Checklist EMP or full Water Approval public infrastructures EMP depending on Water Permit (roads, dykes, etc.) the scope of the project 6.2 Reconciled environmental assessment process The steps to be followed concerning environmental assessment process are the following: Step 1. Prepare ESMF for the whole project with the following content:  Abbreviations and Acronyms  Executive Summary 45  Introduction  Description of the environment in project affected areas (physical environment, biological environment);  Overview of Environmental Requirements in FB&H;  Overview of World Bank Environmental Requirements (including a section on activities that may trigger additional safeguard policies);  Environmental Screening Process (reconciled process between WB and FB&H requirements);  Environmental management plan;  Environmental impact mitigation plan;  Environmental monitoring plan. ESMF should also include separate social assessment report. Step 2. Organize consultation with stakeholders. The document should be publicly disclosed on the web site of the borrower and public hearing organized if deemed necessary. Invitation to public hearing shall be published in daily newspaper at least five days before public hearing. Suggestions and comments should be recorded in the form of the Minutes and integrated into the Final Document. Step 3. Fill in Checklist EMP or do full EMP. For most pertinent activities (reconstruction of local roads, reconstruction of local water supply network and reconstruction of regional public infrastructure) fill in Checklist EMP provided within ESMF or do the full EMP depending on the scope of the project. Step 4. Obtain Water Approval. Engage expert institution registered for project design and licensed by the federal ministry responsible for water management to prepare investment-technical documents (detailed reconstruction design). The documentation should be prepared in accordance with requirements set in the Law on Physical Planning and Land Use. The documentation should be attached to the Request for Water Approval and submitted to the Water Agency of Sava River Catchment Area or Cantonal Ministry responsible for waters in line with the division of responsibilities presented in Table 14. Step 5. Obtain Construction Approval. Submit the Request for Construction Approval to responsible municipal authority. Investment and technical documentation and Water Approval should be attached to the Request. Step 6. Obtain Water Permit. Prepare Project Final Design and submit it together with the Request for Water Permit. Step 7. Obtain Use Permit. Submit the Request for Use Permit to the responsible municipal authority. Final Design and Water Permit should be submitted together with the Request. 46 7 FERP SCREENING CHECKLIST 7.1 Introduction The main purpose of the FERP Screening Checklist is to provide a simple tool for the identification of potential environmental impacts related to the reconstruction of existing infrastructure that was damaged due to the recent floods. It will also help to simplify decision-making process on whether a project is suitable for financing and whether a detailed EMP needs to be developed for a project or not. The term reconstruction is understood to cover rebuilding of infrastructure after being damaged or destroyed to a previous state without change in its original purpose or increase of capacities. The FERP screening checklist provides a set of associated environmental mitigation measures as well as monitoring measures that will help assess the implementation of the selected mitigation measures. The screening checklist is to be used for all smaller reconstruction subprojects on reconstruction or roads, railways and buildings where identified issues will not case significant effects on environment. For all other large reconstruction subprojects, specific EMPs will be developed. The design and concept of the FERP Screening Checklist allow for it to be used either by specialists or non-specialists dealing with infrastructure reconstruction. The checklist-type format has been developed to provide “example good practices” and designed to be user friendly and compatible with the World Bank safeguard requirements. 7.2 Description of the FERP Screening Checklist The checklist-type format attempts to cover typical core mitigation approaches to civil and other reconstruction works with small, localized impacts on environment and human health. It is accepted that this format provides the key elements of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) or Environmental Management Framework (EMF) to meet World Bank Environmental Assessment requirements under OP 4.01. The intention of this checklist is for it to be applied as guidelines for the rehabilitation works contractors and constitute an integral part of bidding documents and contracts for contractors carrying out said works under Bank-financed infrastructure rehabilitation subprojects. It consists of two major sections: 1. Administrative and institutional data: includes a descriptive part that characterizes the project, including administrative and institutional data and short description of project’s technical content and location of works execution. This section could be up to two pages long. Attachments for additional information can be supplemented when needed. 2. Project exclusion criteria: includes a set of five questions that should help the evaluator to understand whether the project is suitable for financing under this financing scheme. 3. Environmental screening: includes a set of questions about possible environmental impact of a project where identified environmental issues can be checked in a simple Yes/No format. If any given issue is triggered by checking “yes”, the corresponding mitigation and monitoring measures are to be implemented. 4. Summary of features of project and of its location indicating the need for specific EMP development: includes a descriptive part that summarizes important conclusions about the identified environmental impacts, conclusion about possibility to mitigate impacts with available measures and indicating the need to develop a more specific EMP for a specific subproject. 5. Recording of decision: includes several options related to the final decision on a specific subproject. 47 7.3 Directions for use and application of results Section 1 Administrative and Institutional Data of the FERP Screening Checklist requires knowledge about basic general information on sub-projects. Where asked, the boxes should be checked and values filled in. Additional information can be attached to the document. Section 2 Project Exclusion Criteria requires knowledge about basic technical information on sub- project. This section should be completed in three steps: Step 1 – Questions 8 and 9 require the evaluator to check whether the sub-project is listed on the exclusion lists (Annex A and Annex B). The appropriate Yes/No boxes adjacent to each question should be marked. If “Yes”, these projects are not considered eligible for financing. The evaluator should move to Section 4 and Section 5 and record that the project is not “Not approved”. Step 2 – Question 10 and 11 require the evaluator to check whether the action will involve large reconstruction activities that will significantly change the state of environment compared to the state before reconstruction. The appropriate Yes/No boxes adjacent to each question should be marked. If marked “Yes”, the appropriate action should be checked including change in design, development of site specific EMP or project exclusion. The evaluator should move to Section 4 and Section 5 and record appropriate decision in line with the selected action (e.g. “Increased use on natural resources” will call for an action to “Develop a site specific EMP” that will trigger the decision “Approved with requirement to produce specific EMP for the subproject”). Step 3 – Question 13 requires a brief assessment of the reconstruction requirements which, if not fulfilled, may lead to project exclusion. The appropriate Yes/No boxes adjacent to each question should be marked. If marked “No”, the appropriate action should be checked. If answers to questions 8-11 are “No” and answers to questions under 13 are “Yes” this means that the project is suitable for financing and that evaluator should move to Section 3 “Environmental Screening”. Section 3 Environmental Screening should be completed in four steps: Step 1 – user should identify present or potential impacts of the project on environment among those listed in the column Possible Environmental Impacts. The appropriate Yes/No boxes adjacent to each impact identified should be checked. Step 2 – for each impact identified, appropriate mitigation measures are listed in the column Mitigation Measures. One environmental impact can trigger one or several of the mitigation measures stated in the table. An attempt is to be made to implement all mitigation measures proposed. Following completion of monitoring activities, those measures that are actually implemented should be circled. Step 3 – the monitoring parameters appropriate to mitigation measures among are listed in the column Monitoring parameters. The proposed monitoring parameters will be checked accordingly, as suitable. Decision on which of the monitoring parameters is optimal to monitor is based on the possibility of occurrence of the impact and its severity, cost of monitoring, etc. Following completion of monitoring activities, those parameters that are actually monitored should be circled. Step 4 –the Bodies (Proponent, Design Engineer, Contractor, etc.) listed in the column Responsible body are identified as responsible for implementing mitigation measure and/or conduct the monitoring. They should be notified of their obligations. Section 4 Summary of project features indicating the reasons for specific decision should give brief description of project features (e.g. capacity, location, impact on environment) that resulted in the appropriate decision such as e.g. development of site specific EMP. Section 5 Decision requires checking of appropriate box related to the decision made. 48 7.4 Environmental checklist questionnaire ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST QUESTIONNAIRE (to be filled in for every subproject separately) Section 1. Administrative and institutional data 1. Sub-project name (Name of rehabilitation sub-project) 2. Sub-Project location (Municipality / City, Canton, Entity) 3. Proximity to nearest settlement (houses) 4. Proximity to nearest river/lake 5. Institutional Arrangements WB (Task team leader) Project Management Local Counterpart or (names and contacts) (PIU) Recipient 6. Implementation arrangements Safeguard Supervision PIU Supervision Contractor (names and contacts) 7. Project description (Describe main project features and location of work execution) Section 2. Project exclusion criteria Issue Yes/No Comment 8. Is the project found of the FERP Yes [ ] No [ ] [ ] If yes, the project is not eligible for exclusion list (see the financing. Identify another project. Attachment A) 9. Is the project found on the list of projects that must undergo Yes [ ] No [ ] [ ] If yes, the project is not eligible for environmental assessment financing. Identify another project. based on national legislation (see Attachment B) 10. Will the project involve actions [ ] Go back to original design and which will cause new physical avoid any physical changes in the locality changes in the locality Yes [ ] No [ ] [ ] Develop a site specific EMP (topography, land use, [ ] Exclude the project and identify waterbodies, etc.) compared to another site the state before reconstruction? 11. Will the project result in [ ] Go back to original design and increased use of natural avoid increase in natural resources use resources such as land, water, Yes [ ] No [ ] [ ] Develop a site specific EMP materials or energy compared [ ] Exclude the project and identify to the state before another site reconstruction? 12. Is the project satisfying general All legally required permits for [ ] Temporary stop the project until reconstruction requirements? reconstruction from local required permits and water acts are authorities are acquired. obtained Yes [ ] No [ ] [ ] Ensure that Contractor is Water acts from responsible contractually obliged to purchase authorities are obtained. material from licensed companies Yes [ ] No [ ] [ ] It is not possible to fulfill all Reconstruction materials are general reconstruction requirements. purchased from licensed Identify another site. sources/companies only? Yes [ ] No [ ] 49 Section 3. Environmental screening Possible environmental Yes/No? Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsible impacts (circle those implemented upon parameters Body completion of monitoring) 13. Are there any areas on [ ] Yes (a) All recognized areas in the (a) Visual (a) Contractor or around the location [ ] No immediate vicinity of the inspection for execution which are important or activity will not be on site of civil sensitive for reasons of damaged or exploited (b) Construction works their ecology, e.g. (b) Staff will be strictly diary (b) Supervising wetlands, watercourses prohibited from foraging, engineer on or other water bodies, (c) Public logging or other damaging complaints behalf of PIU mountains, forests or activities. woodland, which could (c) A survey and an inventory be affected by the shall be made of large trees project? in the vicinity of the construction activity, large trees shall be marked and cordoned off with fencing, their root system protected, and any damage to the trees avoided (d) Adjacent wetlands and streams shall be protected from construction site run- off with appropriate erosion and sediment control feature to include by not limited to hay bales and silt fences (e) There will be no unlicensed borrow pits, quarries or waste dumps in adjacent areas. 14. Are there any areas on [ ] Yes (a) All recognized areas will be (a) Visual (a) Contractor or around the location [ ] No completely avoided inspection for execution which are used by (b) Staff will be strictly on site of civil protected important or prohibited from hunting, (b) Construction works sensitive species of foraging or other damaging diary (b) Supervising fauna or flora, e.g. for activities. engineer on (c) Public breeding, nesting, behalf of PIU foraging, resting, complaints overwintering, migration, which could be affected by the project? 15. Will the project lead to [ ] Yes (a) Set up sediment traps along (a) Complaints (a) Contractor risk of contamination of [ ] No rivers and/or gabions along received for execution land or water from banks to filter out eroded (b) Visually for of civil releases of pollutants sediments presence of works onto the ground or in (b) Provide slope protection turbidity in (b) Supervising surface/ground waters through bank compaction, surface engineer on during construction and rip-rapping on critical water behalf of PIU operation? sections, or vegetative (c) Analyze stabilization surface (c) Designate a Spoils Storage water Area, with topsoil set aside quality in for later use and allow case of maximum re-use of spoils complaints (d) Use material for restoration (for pH, of degraded areas turbidity, (e) Provide oil & grease traps conductivity in stilling ponds and suspended 50 Section 3. Environmental screening Possible environmental Yes/No? Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsible impacts (circle those implemented upon parameters Body completion of monitoring) (f) Provide ring canals around solids and fuelling tanks/motor pool/ total mineral maintenance areas oils) (g) Collect used oils in (d) If groundwater containers and hand over to is used for authorized agency for drinking water handling supply, (h) Construction vehicles and analyze tap machinery will be washed water for only in designated areas drinking water where runoff will not quality pollute natural surface parameters as water bodies. prescribed in (i) The approach to handling national sanitary wastes and legislation wastewater from building (e) Appropriate sites (installation or approvals by reconstruction) must be the local approved by the local authorities authorities (j) Before being discharged into receiving waters, effluents from individual wastewater systems must be treated in order to meet the minimal quality criteria set out by national guidelines on effluent quality and wastewater treatment 16. Will the project involve [ ] Yes (a) Regular equipment (a) Presence of (a) Contractor actions such as [ ] No maintenance black smoke for execution construction/demolition (b) Contractor to present proof from of civil activities, use of of compliance with construction works machinery and/or emission standards as part vehicles (b) Supervising transport vehicles, etc. of the annual vehicle (b) Attestation engineer on that might release registration process documentati behalf of PIU pollutants to air during on (c) Wet areas of dust sources construction or to minimize discomfort to (c) Visual operation (e.g. exhaust nearby residents inspection of fumes, dust, fire smoke, (d) Control of vehicle speed to dust odors)? lessen suspension of road presence dust (d) Public (e) Keep the surrounding complaints environment (sidewalks, received roads) free of debris to minimize dust (f) During interior demolition debris-chutes shall be used above the first floor (g) No open fire at the site (h) Ensure no pollutants are released originating from building heating system (i) Increase energy performance of buildings 17. Will the project cause [ ] Yes (a) Schedule equipment (a) Public (a) Contractor excess noise generation [ ] No movement during non-peak complaints for execution during construction? 51 Section 3. Environmental screening Possible environmental Yes/No? Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsible impacts (circle those implemented upon parameters Body completion of monitoring) hours of daytime vehicular received of civil traffic (b) Measure a works (b) Avoid night-time noise level in (b) Supervising construction activities and case of engineer on abide by local laws on complaints behalf of PIU construction hours (c) Provide housing for gensets, if near residences (d) Provide silencers/mufflers for heavy equipment 18. Will the project produce [ ] Yes (a) Whenever feasible the (a) Visual (a) Contractor solid waste during [ ] No contractor will reuse and inspection of for execution construction and/or recycle appropriate and separate of civil demolition and viable materials (except waste works operation? asbestos) management (b) Supervising (b) Waste collection and piles engineer on disposal pathways and sites (b) Written behalf of PIU will be identified for all receipts of major waste types expected all separate from demolition and waste construction activities. streams (c) Mineral construction and handled by demolition wastes will be the separated from general designated refuse, organic, liquid and authorities chemical wastes by on-site (c) Visual sorting and stored in inspection of appropriate containers. burn marks (d) Construction waste will be on site collected and disposed (d) Construction properly by licensed diary collectors (e) Appropriate (e) No open burning of wastes approvals by on or off site the local (f) The disposal site and authorities approach to handling solid wastes from building sites must be approved by the local authorities 19. Will the project involve [ ] Yes (a) Use renewable construction (a) Construction (a) Contractor use of substances or [ ] No materials (e.g. use of ECO diary for execution materials which could cement, wood fiber (b) Visual of civil be harmful to human insulation boards, wooden inspection works health or the floors and windows, etc.) if on site (b) Supervising environment or raise economically feasible. engineer on concern about actual or (b) Use low VOC paints and behalf of PIU perceived risks to varnishes. human health? (c) Do not use asbestos containing materials in construction. 20. Will there be any risk of [ ] Yes (a) Notify the local (a) Keep written (a) Site accidents during [ ] No construction and proof of supervisor construction which environment inspectorates notifications, (b) PIU could affect human of upcoming activities. local (c) Contractor health? (b) Notify the public of the permits, for execution works through appropriate and/or of civil notification in the media media works and/or at publicly announceme 52 Section 3. Environmental screening Possible environmental Yes/No? Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsible impacts (circle those implemented upon parameters Body completion of monitoring) accessible sites (including nt clippings the site of the works). (b) Supervisor (c) Formally agree with the to ensure Contractor that all work use of PPE will be carried out in a safe (c) Supervisor and disciplined manner to visually designed to minimize inspect impacts on neighboring adequate residents and environment. signage (d) Formally agree with the Contractor that workers health and safety requirements will comply with international good practice (always hardhats, as needed masks and safety glasses, harnesses and safety boots). (e) Appropriate signposting of the sites will inform workers of key rules and regulations to follow and emergency contact numbers. (f) Provide on-site medical services and supplies for any emergency, through institutional and administrative arrangements with the local health unit. (g) Provide portable water & sanitary facilities for construction workers. 21. Are there any [ ] Yes (a) Schedule vehicle movement (a) Presence of (a) Contractor (transport) routes on or [ ] No during lean daytime traffic traffic signs for execution around the location hours or at night. (b) Public of civil which are used by public (b) Provide traffic complaints works which could be aides/flagmen, traffic signs received negatively affected by to help ensure the free and (c) Occurrence the project? safe flow of traffic. of traffic jams (c) Maintain & Repair temporary alternative route of vehicles & pedestrians. 22. Are there any facilities [ ] Yes (a) Designate an alternate (a) Public (a) Contractor on or around the [ ] No route for pedestrian and/or complaints for execution location which are used vehicles in coordination received of civil by public which could be with the Municipal works negatively affected by Authorities or provide safe the project (e.g. difficult passageway through the public access)? construction site. 23. Are there existing land [ ] Yes (a) Address the issue of (a) Public (a) PIU uses on or around the [ ] No expropriation/ economic complaints location e.g. homes, loss using appropriate received gardens, other private resettlement instruments in property, industry, accordance with the O.P. commerce, recreation, 4.12 Involuntarily public open space, Resettlement and national community facility, legislation. 53 Section 3. Environmental screening Possible environmental Yes/No? Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsible impacts (circle those implemented upon parameters Body completion of monitoring) agriculture, forestry, tourism, mining or quarrying which could be negatively affected by the project? Section 4. Summary of project features indicating the reasons for specific decision Section 5. Decision: The following subprojects is: [ ] Not approved. [ ] Approved with requirement to produce specific EMP for this subproject. [ ] Approved with requirement to implement mitigation measures from this Screening Checklist. Name of the evaluator: Date: Place: Signature: 54 ATTACHMENT A Subproject activities not eligible for financing according to the WB criteria SUBPROJECT ACTIVITIES NOT ELIGIBLE FOR FINANCING General characteristics Corresponds to World Bank Category A project. Has a significant and irreversible environmental impact and requires a mandatory environmental license based on a full EIA report as per the entity bylaws on “plants and processes that require an environmental permit ” (under the Laws on Environmental Protection in RS and FBIH) Involves significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats. These may include, but not be limited to any protected areas, protected landscapes or nature parks including the Bardača special reserve area. No works, other than removal of debris and repair of pre-existing infrastructure is allowed. Will involve works and potential damages on any of the listed or potential cultural heritage sites and buildings that are proclaimed as such by the State Level Commission for the Preservation of Monuments and the responsible Entity Institutes for Monument Protection. Require pesticides that fall in WHO classes IA, IB or II Require displacement/resettlement of affected population. Repair of privately owned production facilities/ houses. Supports commercial logging or plantations in forested areas. Any “salvage logging” operations (which might be undertaken as a result of damage to forests) Drinking Water Supply: New or expansion of piped water scheme to serve 500 or more households. Sanitation: New or significant expansion of sewerage or wastewater treatment plant. Rehabilitation of existing wastewater treatment plant. Solid Waste: New or significant expansion of sanitary and engineered disposal sites. No expansion of open municipal dump-sites. Roads and Infrastructure: New roads. Widening of primary roads Construction of new temporary or permanent infrastructure to bypass devastated areas which have a segment length greater than 500 m and cumulative length of 2,000 m within a corridor of 10 km or less Agriculture/Irrigation: Procurement of seeds or planting material for crops meant for consumption, without prior soil sampling to ensure no contamination and/or heavy metal presence in soil Procurement of seeds and seedlings allowed only with guidance of the relevant agriculture/plant institutes in country New irrigation scheme or expansion of a scheme requiring increased water intake. New tube-well for irrigation. River Basin Management: Repair of dykes or dams that are higher than 5 m or store water volumes larger than 1,000,000 m 3 construction of new, or substantial expansion of existing flood protection works, including the conversion of floodplains or riverine forests. Power: New power generating capacity of more than 5 MW Rehabilitation of hydro-electric power station with dam, or entailing alteration of the water flow regime. Oil and Gas: New distribution Income Generating Activities: Activities involving use of unsustainably harvested timber or fuel-wood. Activities involving the use of hazardous substances such as pesticides/herbicides, explosives, products deemed illegal by national laws, PCBs, radioactive materials unbound asbestos fibers. 55 ATTACHMENT B Subprojects requiring environmental assessment according to the national legislation Project Description FB&H FB&H Sarajevo Ze -Do Tuzla Posavina Canton Canton Canton Canton EIA Assessment Envtl Envtl Envtl Envtl Required of EIA need or permit permit permit permit envtl permit  110 kV if No No No No No Construction of part or the transmission lines transmissi on system  > 220 kV Abstraction of ground >3 million 1 - 3 million 0.2 - 3 million 0.2 - 1 No No water (to be considered in m3/y m3/y m³/y million m³/y relation to possible use for water supply ) Widening of existing >10 km of No < 10 km of < 10 km < 10 km < 10 km regional and local road (or continuous continuous by continuous continuo continuou street in settlements and by length length by length us by s by length cities in Canton Sarajevo) length with two or less lines to four or more lines, where the new road or widened part of the road would be Construction of channels No No No No No Yes and flood defense structures on internal water courses Projects that might have Yes No No No No No impact on nature protected areas Existing EIA facilities that Yes No No No No No are subject to increase of capacity for more than 25% related to use of space or resources 56 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The sample Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared based on previous identification of possible negative environmental impacts for typical reconstruction works that are to be implemented within the FERP including (i) reconstruction of local road (including bridges, culverts etc.); (ii) reconstruction of local water supply network; (iii) reconstruction of regional public infrastructure (roads, dykes etc.). Considering the similar nature of works to be carried out, the impacts are identified to be common to all three types of project. Thus, one sample EMP for infrastructure reconstruction is prepared addressing pre reconstruction, reconstruction and operation phase. The sample EMP includes mitigation measures for reduction of possible adverse impacts in all three phases, including the estimation of costs and the responsibility for implementation. The EMP can also serve as guidelines for environmentally sound construction practices. Mitigation measures are classified as:  Mitigation measures prior to the construction works include provision of other relevant permits and agreements in relation to the contracting of works as well as environmentally sound contracting of works and organization of reconstruction site to minimize environmental impacts.  Mitigation measures during the construction phase mostly refer to the implementation of good construction practices to avoid adverse impacts on the soil stability, water and land quality, level of noise and flora and fauna as well as disturbance to local communities. Their implementation is under the responsibility of the Contractor for execution of works and shall be included in the works contract together with the Environmental Monitoring Plan. The costs of these measures shall be included in the construction costs, although they mostly include good management measures and usually require no substantial funds. The Client and the appointed Site Supervisor will supervise the implementation of mitigation measures and the Monitoring Plan.  Mitigation measures during the operation phase refer to avoidance of adverse impacts on environment through timely and appropriate maintenance of reconstructed infrastructure. The EMP includes environmental monitoring plan that included measures for monitoring of emissions from the site during construction, monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures, and monitoring of conditions after the project is put in use. Monitoring requirements can be grouped in three categories:  Monitoring of state of environment in the construction zone and emissions from the construction site is related to baseline monitoring of state of location where project will be executed and monitoring of noise, dust emissions, and water pollution at construction sites located nearby watercourse. This monitoring will be subcontracted to laboratories that are authorized for monitoring and supervised by Supervising Engineer appointed by the Contractor.  Monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures includes supervision of implementation of good working practices. In order to ensure that the whole life cycle of the project satisfies environmental, health and safety criteria, the Contractor shall ensure appropriate licenses and agreements as well as during the procedure for selection of suppliers, request from all potential candidates valid environmental and operation permits. The contractor shall also organize the reconstruction site to minimize environmental impacts. The Supervising Engineer will be responsible for monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures.  Monitoring of environmental condition after the project is put in use includes mainly inspection of regular infrastructure maintenance. This monitoring will be the responsibility of the Municipality through the municipal inspection. 57 Table 19 Environmental Mitigation Plan ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating measure Cost (USD) Institutional responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate Pre- Permits and  Obtain all legally required agreements for 1000 - PIU PIU Agreements for (re)construction agreements construction in the vicinity of ground construction are to be installations. obtained by relevant  Obtain all legally required permits governmental authorities (reconstruction and use permits) from and companies (water and local authorities. sewerage utility  Obtain water acts from responsible companies, BH Telecom, authorities. cable TV companies and road directorates). Water permit is to be obtained by the Cantonal Ministry responsible for water management. Reconstruction permits are to be obtained from local authorities. Pre- Contracting of Ensure that the contract contains - - PIU PIU To be specified in bid (re)construction works environmental requirements as follows: documents and the  Contractors shall be obliged to follow good Contract. construction practices during all activities, and to reduce to the minimum the damage caused to environment, as well as disturbance of settlements and local communications.  Implementation of environmental protection and mitigation measures as well as monitoring will be implemented in parallel with construction activities. They will start at the time when workers, equipment and/or material are moved to the construction site, and they will end with the termination of construction works, when all workers, equipment and/or material leave the construction site, and when environment in restored to previous condition. 58 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating measure Cost (USD) Institutional responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate  The contractor shall appoint Environment, Health and Safety Coordinator who will be responsible to ensure compliance with the laws and objectives of the environmental protection, occupational safety and fire protection. The EHS Coordinator shall ensure regular contact with the representatives of local inhabitants (local community council) with purpose of information exchange or in order to find solutions to possible disputes (originating from violation of ownership rights, damage caused during construction works, etc.).  Contractor shall ensure order, discipline and professional responsibility of all employees on the construction sites.  Work and residence must be restricted exclusively to the zone of construction works and damage to private property, land and crops must be avoided. Pre- Organization of  Develop a project of construction site Included in the Included in the Contractor Contractor To be specified in bid (re)construction reconstruction organization with the appropriate reconstruction reconstruction documents and the site to solutions of drainage and treatment of cost cost Contract. minimize sanitary wastewater as well as storm Construction Waste environmental water from the construction site zone. Management Plan is to be impacts  Receive used water from the construction prepared in line with the site by appropriate systems sewage, Article 7 of Decision on collect in waterproof tanks and threat in construction site the prescribed manner (whether on-site, organization, obligatory or at the remote location), and prior to documentation on the discharge into the recipient or the city construction site and sewage system. participants in  Establish temporary disposal sites for construction (“Official construction materials, area for rinsing of Gazette of FB&H” 48/09, concrete pumps and mixers, and area for 75/09, 93/12). washing of vehicle tires with adequate cleaning agent.  Establish temporary disposal sites for 59 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating measure Cost (USD) Institutional responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate excavation material (topsoil).  Establish temporary disposal sites for demolition and construction waste, if not immediately removed by third parties.  Prepare Construction Waste Management Plan manage all wastes accordingly.  The approach to handling solid wastes from building sites must be approved by the local authorities. (Re)construction Material supply  Ensure that reconstruction materials are Included in the Included in the PIU Contractor To be specified in the purchased from licensed reconstruction reconstruction Contract. sources/companies only cost cost If possible, use local materials. If feasible, use renewable materials in construction. (Re)construction Material  Aiming at prevention of dust emissions, Included in the Included in the PIU Contractor To be specified in the transport the contractor shall transport asphalt, reconstruction reconstruction Contract. gravel, stone, earth and other material in cost cost trucks covered with tarpaulin.  Transport of stone and gravel shall be carried out in moist condition.  The speed of transport vehicles shall not exceed 30 km/h.  The contractor shall avoid unnecessary driving of vehicles. If possible use of alternative routes to minimize transport through urban zones.  The contractor shall submit the plan in which the paths for transport of material have been listed, and he also needs to give statements about proposed method of dust control in places where transport through settlements may not be avoided. (Re)construction Traffic safety  Contractor shall implement adequate Included in the Included in the Contractor Contractor To be specified in the management traffic control measures, in accordance reconstruction reconstruction Contract. with the law, during contract period, and cost cost For regional road such measures must first be approved by reconstruction projects the the Supervision Engineer. contractor needs to appoint permanent staff 60 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating measure Cost (USD) Institutional responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate  Traffic safety management measures shall that would be engaged on include temporary illumination and traffic safety issues, and adequate signalization during trenching would be responsible for and rehabilitation works. implementation of traffic  The contractor shall not leave trenches safety measures and unattended and shall fence and signalize implementation of traffic all open trenches to prevent accidents. measures as prescribed by  Designate an alternate route for the national laws, which pedestrian and/or vehicles in coordination would include: (i) with the Municipal Authorities or provide inspection of the condition safe passageway through the construction and position of the site. equipment for traffic control in use; (ii) design review – part related to traffic control equipment necessary to provide safe and efficient traffic flow; (iii) correction of all traffic deficiencies where that is applicable; (iv) inspection of work areas, handling of equipment and storage, handling of material and storage related to traffic safety. (Re)construction Soil damage  Reconstruction should start (if possible) at Included in the Included in the Contractor Contractor To be specified in the the time of the year when the advantages reconstruction reconstruction Contract. of dry soil conditions can be utilized. cost cost  Adequate machines shall be used and/or protection plates that would prevent compaction during soil removal (if any). Adequate procedures for separate removal, handling, storage and replacement of humus and subsoil shall be used.  Designate a Spoils Storage Area, with topsoil set aside for later use and allow maximum re-use of spoils. They shall be reduced to maximum 2 m of height, in 61 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating measure Cost (USD) Institutional responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate order to prevent compaction caused by weight of the soil, and storage time is to be reduced to minimum.  Use topsoil material for restoration of degraded areas.  Ensure protection of areas sensitive to erosion with stabilization agents (temporary banks, fences, ditches) and replanting after termination of construction works. (Re)construction Emissions to  The Contractor shall specify and follow the Included in the Included in the Contractor Contractor To be specified in the air control measures for dust generated reconstruction reconstruction Contract. through handling of equipment and/or cost cost during rehabilitation works  Contractor shall ensure that all construction equipment has been licensed and approved in accordance with local regulations, and if possible, certified in compliance with the EU standards.  The contractor shall use modern machines and vehicles that fulfill environmental standards in terms of exhaust emission (complete combustion). He also shall use filters for reduction of emissions of soot particles, and fuel with favorable chemical structure (low sulphur content) and efficient/safe decantation.  The contractor shall present proof of compliance with emission standards as part of the annual vehicle registration process  Regular equipment maintenance  Compact spoils storage piles  Wet areas of dust sources to minimize discomfort to nearby residents  Control of vehicle speed to lessen suspension of road dust  Keep the surrounding environment 62 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating measure Cost (USD) Institutional responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate (sidewalks, roads) free of debris to minimize dust  No open fire at the site (Re)construction Noise  The contractor shall use modern machines Included in the Included in the Contractor Contractor To be specified in the generation and vehicles that have enclosed sources of reconstruction reconstruction Contract. noise (engines, exhaust system). This cost cost It is recommended that mainly implies supply of new machines or machines should only measures for installation of additional operate in the period from sound insulation (housing for gensets) if 07-20 h in all sections of near residences, as well as its constant the route whose distance maintenance. from nearest residential  Provide silencers/mufflers for heavy houses is less than 60 m. equipment  Schedule equipment movement during non-peak hours of daytime vehicular traffic.  Avoid night-time construction activities and abide by local laws on construction hours (Re)construction Water (and  The contractor shall use biodegradable Included in the Included in the Contractor Contractor To be specified in the soil) pollution lubricants and gear oils. reconstruction reconstruction Contract.  Set up sediment traps along rivers and/or cost cost gabions along banks to filter out eroded sediments  Provide slope protection through bank compaction, rip-rapping on critical sections, or vegetative stabilization  Provide oil & grease traps in stilling ponds  Provide ring canals around fuelling tanks/motor pool/ maintenance areas  Collect used oils in containers and hand over to authorized agency for handling  Construction vehicles and machinery will be washed only in designated areas where runoff will not pollute natural surface water bodies.  The approach to handling sanitary wastes and wastewater from building sites 63 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating measure Cost (USD) Institutional responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate (installation or reconstruction) must be approved by the local authorities  Before being discharged into receiving waters, effluents from individual wastewater systems must be treated in order to meet the minimal quality criteria set out by national guidelines on effluent quality and wastewater treatment  In case of water supply system reconstruction, chlorine solution for disinfection of pipeline system shall not be discharged to surface waters without prior storage to chlorine tank and dissolution to maximum of 0.5 mg/l of residual chlorine. (Re)construction Waste  Whenever feasible the contractor will Include these measures in management reuse and recycle appropriate and viable the Construction Waste materials (except asbestos) Management Plan.  Waste collection and disposal pathways To be specified in the and sites will be identified for all major Contract. waste types expected from demolition and construction activities.  Mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers.  Asbestos containing waste shall be stored and transported in such a way to prevent emission of asbestos fibers/dust. The waste shall be wrapped in polyethylene folio of 0,.4 mm minimum thickens. Workers handling asbestos waste shall wear protective equipment.  Construction waste will be collected and disposed properly by licensed collectors. (Re)construction Impact on flora  All recognized areas in the immediate Included in the Included in the Contractor Contractor To be specified in the and fauna vicinity of the activity will not be damaged reconstruction reconstruction Contract. (areas or exploited, while areas used by cost cost important or protected important or sensitive species of 64 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating measure Cost (USD) Institutional responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate sensitive for fauna or flora will be completely avoided reasons of  Staff will be strictly prohibited from their ecology) foraging, logging or other damaging activities.  A survey and an inventory shall be made of large trees in the vicinity of the construction activity, large trees shall be marked and cordoned off with fencing, their root system protected, and any damage to the trees avoided  Contractor shall ensure that machines and vehicles parking places and worker’s residence containers are not located inside the forest areas, that they do not impact watercourses and do not affect endangered flora and fauna.  Adjacent wetlands and streams shall be protected from construction site run-off with appropriate erosion and sediment control feature to include by not limited to hay bales and silt fences  There will be no unlicensed borrow pits, quarries or waste dumps in adjacent areas.  Maintenance, filling and cleaning of machines shall be carried out off the site and outside of the area with surface water.  In case of works on river banks or in river bed, avoid works in the spawning season and when the minimum flows. Preferably carry out construction works in the period September-February.  In case of flood defense facilities reconstruction, save the riparian vegetation (rhizomes, root stock, whole grove), properly store and integrate in new embankment structures.  In case of river training, redesign channel lining to use constructive typologies which make use of natural materials (wood, 65 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating measure Cost (USD) Institutional responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate stones or gabions) and reduces the environmental impact, ensuring both a partial revegetation and the continuity of interactions between the fluvial habitat and those surrounding it.  Reinstate land and surrounding areas after completion of works. (Re)construction Chance finds of  Artifacts or other possible “chance finds” - - Contractor Contractor To be specified in the objects of encountered in excavation or construction Contract. cultural shall be noted and registered, responsible historical officials contacted, and works activities heritage, delayed or modified to account for such graves or UXO finds. Operation Maintenance of  Protection of areas sensitive to erosion - 35.000/year Municipality Road To be specified in the local and with stabilization agents and plants that Management Contract. regional roads prevent erosion. Service subject to  Development of a Plan of Activities for reconstruction regular and extraordinary maintenance of (protection of the drainage system including measures soil and water) such as: a) C Note: also leaning, and, as necessary, deepening applicable to of road and drainage ditches to the regional prescribed profile and longitudinal railway gradient should be carried out in such reconstruction a way to enable unobstructed drainage from the area of road land. Cleaning of channels, catchdrains etc. is carried out continuously, in order to ensure unobstructed drainage. b) P revention of inflow of water to the carriageway from the side of the road (from access roads, front yards etc.), and prevention of creation of rills on the carriageways and shoulders should be carried out immediately, and 30 days upon finding about them at the latest. 66 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating measure Cost (USD) Institutional responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate c) M aintenance of free profile of the culvert should be carried out continuously, by removal of sediment, vegetation, branches and the like. d) R epair of undermined foundations or the bed of the culvert should be carried out immediately. e) R epair and rehabilitation of the lining of ditch bottom and area in front of the culvert inlet and outlet, is carried out during regular maintenance. f) F iltration and drainage pipes need to be controlled at least twice a year (in spring and autumn), during melting of snow and immediately after heavy rains. g) O ld filtration and drainage pipes need to be replaced during regular maintenance. h) D estroyed or missing covers of manholes or catch drain gratings on the road need to be replaced immediately or the opening should be secured in some other way.  Prepare Operative Winter Maintenance Plan (use of salt and other defrosting agent) including: a) D efining of adequate locations and manner of storage of chemicals used during maintenance of the road and surrounding environment (salt, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.), which need 67 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating measure Cost (USD) Institutional responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate to be placed outside of sensitive zones. b) U se of agents needs to be reduced to the minimum, by adequate prediction of carriageway condition.  Prepare Accidents Emergency Plan which will contain at least the following: a) I f a vehicle carrying dangerous freight in a dust-like or grain-like state has been damaged, stop the traffic and a request from a specialized service to remove the freight and repair the carriageway. The dispersed, dust-like or grain-like material must be removed from the carriageway exclusively in a mechanical manner (by returning into a new adequate packaging, cleaning, vacuum cleaning etc.), without rinsing with water. b) I f a vehicle carrying liquid dangerous substances has been damaged, immediately stop the traffic and inform competent service and engage specialized emergency response teams. The spilled substance is removed from the carriageway with special sorbents. If the liquid gets outside of the profile and pollutes the soil, the rehabilitation is performed by its removal. All substances collected in this manner are treated in accordance with special regeneration procedures or disposed of at sites intended for disposal of such substances. Operation Maintenance of  Reduction of losses in water supply Depending on 25.000/year Municipality Water Utility local water network in all concerned municipalities availability of supply through regular leak detection and leak detection 68 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating measure Cost (USD) Institutional responsibility Comments Install Operate Install Operate network maintenance activities to prevent excess equipment and subject to use of natural resources water quality reconstruction  Regularly check quality of water at source testing (protection of and in the system in accordance with equipment the water national regulations including regular price can go up resources and control of residual chlorine content in to 70,000 USD human health) drinking water.  Ensure health and safety protection measures at work for workers handling chlorine used for water disinfection. 69 Table 20 Environmental Monitoring Plan Phase Issue What parameters is Where is the How is the When is the to be monitored? parameter to be parameter parameter to be monitored? monitored/type monitored – Cost Responsibility of monitoring frequency of equipment? measurement or Install Operate Install Operate continuous? Closure of lifecycle Record of At the premises Inspection of Prior to contracting of - - PIU PIU reconstruction of project owner documentation works Baseline related permits and approvals including water acts State of location where Current state of At the project Visual inspection Prior to organization - - Contractor Contractor project will be executed location from the location of construction site aspect of physical Baseline appearance (presence of erosion, wild dumps, state of vegetation, quality of water courses based on available data) Organization of Availability of At the Visual inspection During organization of Included in - Contractor Contractor reconstruction site to construction site construction site construction site construction minimize environmental obligatory costs impacts documents including Baseline Construction Waste Management Plan and implementation of adequate organization measures as specified in the EMP Supply of material Possession of valid For all suppliers Inspection of During supplier - Included in PIU Contractor (Re)construc approvals and of materials used documentation selection procedure construction permits for during provided by costs tion operation construction supplier in the selection procedure 70 Phase Issue What parameters is Where is the How is the When is the to be monitored? parameter to be parameter parameter to be monitored? monitored/type monitored – Cost Responsibility of monitoring frequency of equipment? measurement or Install Operate Install Operate continuous? Elevated levels of noise Noise level Near the nearby In line with the Monitoring is to be - 100€/ Contractor Authorized that cause disturbance house in affected requirement of performed if sample laboratory/ for nearby residents settlements. Law on Protection complains received by company from Noise the local residents. (Re)construction (“Official Gazette Dynamic of of FBiH“, 110/12) monitoring is to be adjusted to the dynamics of construction - conduct monitoring at the time when the work is performed in specific section. Pollution from transport Control of vehicle Along the Visual monitoring Daily - Included in PIU Supervising (Re)construction and earthworks dust coverage during the construction the Engineer transport, control of zone, especially reconstructio the application of in residential n costs prevention areas and near measures to reduce agricultural land dust-splash 71 Phase Issue What parameters is Where is the How is the When is the to be monitored? parameter to be parameter parameter to be monitored? monitored/type monitored – Cost Responsibility of monitoring frequency of equipment? measurement or Install Operate Install Operate continuous? Pollution of water and Turbidity, total and Upstream and Standard physical Monitoring is to be - 250USD/ Contractor Authorized soil with oils and fats, volatile suspended downstream of and chemical performed if sample laboratory/ increase of suspended solids, mineral oils sections where methods used by complains received by company solids in a watercourse, the works are authorized the local residents or etc. due to inadequate performed at laboratories in case of accidental storage of materials, watercourses of situations. Dynamic of disposal of waste, interest as well monitoring is to be (Re)construction construction near or as any other site. adjusted to the inside the river bed, and dynamics of the like construction - conduct monitoring at the time when the work is performed in specific section. Monitoring is to be performed soon after the beginning of construction in specific section and after a complaint has been submitted Compliance with good Compliance with the At the Visual inspection Daily or unannounced - Included in PIU Supervising (Re)construction working practices from planned scope of construction site inspection during the Engineer the Contract including tested parameters, construction works reconstructio supervision of emissions sampling sites, n costs monitoring sampling methods and frequency. 72 Phase Issue What parameters is Where is the How is the When is the to be monitored? parameter to be parameter parameter to be monitored? monitored/type monitored – Cost Responsibility of monitoring frequency of equipment? measurement or Install Operate Install Operate continuous? Waste management Waste type and Inside and Visual and by Daily - Included in PIU Supervising quantity and waste around quantity the Engineer management construction site, measurement reconstructio (Re)construction methods (separate especially in n costs collection, transport, residential temporary storage zones, water and disposal of courses, on waste and other agricultural land aspects defined by and in forest the Waste areas Management Plan) Traffic safety and Availability of At the Visual inspection Daily Included in Included in Contractor Supervising (Re)construction management signpost and construction site construction construction Engineer signalization costs costs Impact on underground Execution of works At the section Visual inspection Daily monitoring at Included in Included in Contractor Supervising infrastructure in accordance with crossing and comparison the time when the construction construction Engineer the Agreement underground with the work is performed at costs costs (Re)construction obtained from installations Agreement specific crossing. responsible Monitoring is to start utilities/companies soon after the beginning of construction in specific section and finish when the section is completed. Staff safety during Use of protection At all sections Visual inspection Unannounced Included in Included in Contractor Supervising (Re)construc construction equipment, on-site where works are inspections during construction construction Engineer work organization in performed construction works costs costs tion accordance with regulations on safety at work 73 Phase Issue What parameters is Where is the How is the When is the to be monitored? parameter to be parameter parameter to be monitored? monitored/type monitored – Cost Responsibility of monitoring frequency of equipment? measurement or Install Operate Install Operate continuous? Public safety Signalization, At all sections Visual inspection Unannounced Included in Included in Contractor Supervising (Re)construction fencing of trenches where works are inspections during construction construction Engineer and construction performed construction works costs costs areas ROW reinstatement Reinstatement of At all sections Visual inspection Unannounced Included in Included in Contractor Supervising (Re)construction land and where works are inspections during construction construction Engineer surrounding areas performed reinstatement works costs costs after completion of works Regular maintenance of Availability of In the premises Visual inspection Unannounced - - Municipality Inspection the facilities maintenance of service inspections Operation documents and provider record of performed maintenance activities 74 ANNEX 1 HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER COURSES IN THE BOSNA RIVER BASIN Table 21 Typical flow values at hydrologic stations in the Bosna River Basin Hydrological station Water course Qavg.yr. AvgQmin maxQ l/T (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) 1/20 1/50 1/100 Plandište Bosna 6.28 2.40 26.3 30.8 34.7 Podteljig Crna Rijeka 2.15 0.361 44.3 53 60.3 Bogatići Bijela 2.56 0.618 62.8 76 86.9 Krupačke Stijene Željeznica 8.93 1.52 151 183 206 Hadžići Zujevina 1.43 - 56 74 96 Blažuj Zujevina 2.80 - 102 133 168 Sarajevo Miljacka 5.71 1.00 152 189 227 Reljevo Bosna 29.7 7.39 421 495 547 Fojnica 2 Fojnička r. 3.18 0.647 - - - Homoljska Ćuprija Lepenica 5.40 0.840 - - - Podstijenje Fojnička r. 16.1 3.95 - - - Visoko Fojnička r. 17.2 4.62 255 310 361 Dobrinje Bosna 57.5 14.6 - - - Travnik Lašva 2.80 0.591 - - - Mošćani Bila 2.00 0.411 - - - Merdani Lašva 17.2 4.94 336 390 466 Zenica Bosna 79.8 20.6 1,078 1,277 1,427 Stipovići Gostović 6.54 0.590 153 175 192 Zavidovići Bosna 97.4 22.7 1,370 1,545 1,723 Bioštica Bioštica 7.30 1.89 - - - Olovske Luke Stupčanica 5.50 0.490 - - - Olovo Krivaja 12.0 2.38 482 665 824 Zavidovići Krivaja 24.6 3.85 835 1.010 1.176 Maglaj Bosna 125 26.9 1,870 2,190 2,442 Kaloševići Usora 14.6 2.25 461 553 620 Osmaci Spreča 1.19 0.040 - - - Krivača Spreča 4.29 0.224 - - - Strašanj Spreča 4.50 0.305 - - - Donja Višća Oskova 2.92 0.204 91.9 112 129 Živinice Gostelja 3.74 0.264 136 160 182 Turija Turija 2.89 0.499 122 140 152 Modrac Spreča 16.3 2.50 360 455 534 Dobošnica Spreča 19.6 - - - - Miričina Spreča 21.6 - - - - Kakmuž Spreča 22.7 - - - - Karanovac Spreča 24.1 - - - - 75 Table 22 Characteristic average flows for watercourses in the Bosna River Basin Station Area of Upstream/ Hydrological station (HS) Qavg Watercourse ID river Downstream basin (km2) Bosna 104014 321.62 upstream HS Maglaj 124.75 104015 366.44 upstream HS Raspotočje 97.32 104016 326.53 upstream HS Raspotočje 85.69 104017 501.13 downstream HS Raspotočje 61.55 104018 155.24 upstream HS Reljevo 44.29 104019 95.67 downstream HS Reljevo 22.64 Miljacka 401001 63.11 upstream HS Ćumurija 6.79 401002 46.86 downstream HS Ćumurija 5.7 401003 302.00 downstream HS Ćumurija 4.93 Spreča 403009 521.39 upstream HS Karanovac 26.0 Spreča through 403010 44.32 downstream HS Modrac 16.0 Modrac lake Spreča 403011 422.52 upstream HS Strašanj 8.85 Turija 403167 41.09 upstream HS Turija 5.53 403168 169.81 downstream HS Turija 3.0 403169 13.33 downstream HS Turija 0.89 403170 27.12 downstream HS Turija 0.59 Oskova 403177 8.18 upstream HS Donja Višća 7.25 403178 31.39 upstream HS Donja Višća 3.03 403179 125.25 downstream HS Donja Višća 2.42 Gostelja 403180 190.61 downstream HS Živinice 3.74 Jala 403247 46.72 downstream Confluence of Jala and Spreča 1.51 403248 54.82 downstream Confluence of Jala and Spreča 1.12 403249 130.37 downstream Confluence of Jala and Spreča 0.79 Turija_kroz jezero 403265 27.88 upstream HS Turija 6.14 Modrac Lukavica 404014 93.78 downstream Confluence of Lukavica and Bosna 1.41 Usora 405015 226.46 downstream HS Karuše 16.0 Željeznica 406019 146.27 upstream HS Krupačke stijene 10.5 406021 24.60 downstream HS Krupačke stijene 5.16 406022 165.63 downstream HS Krupačke stijene 3.05 Bijela 406233 71.30 downstream HS Bogatići 2.62 406234 44.20 downstream HS Bogatići 1.05 Bioštica 407004 212.63 upstream HS Bioštica 7.3 Stupčanica 407006 126.33 upstream HS Olovske luke 4.55 407007 53.47 downstream HS Olovske luke 2.26 Krivaja 407023 5.95 downstream HS Zavidovići 24.64 407024 503.42 upstream HS Olovo 22.0 407025 86.05 upstream HS Olovo 14.56 407026 87.03 upstream HS Olovo 13.28 Lašva 408027 43.50 upstream HS Merdani 17.37 408028 141.96 downstream HS Merdani 13.62 408029 46.84 downstream HS Merdani 6.97 408030 174.80 downstream HS Merdani 3.25 76 Station Area of Upstream/ Hydrological station (HS) Qavg Watercourse ID river Downstream basin (km2) 408031 4.66 downstream HS Merdani 0.08 Bila 408066 6.45 downstream Confluence of Bila and Lašva 3.21 408067 12.99 downstream Confluence of Bila and Lašva 3.12 408068 86.58 downstream Confluence of Bila and Lašva 2.93 408069 60.67 downstream Confluence of Bila and Lašva 1.69 408070 58.33 downstream Confluence of Bila and Lašva 0.83 Kozica 408071 2.34 downstream Confluence of Kozica and Lašva 2.32 408072 117.89 downstream Confluence of Kozica and Lašva 2.29 408073 24.85 downstream Confluence of Kozica and Lašva 0.6 408074 17.67 downstream Confluence of Kozica and Lašva 0.25 Grlovnica 408078 79.39 downstream Confluence of Grlovnica and Lašva 2.26 408079 72.45 downstream Confluence of Grlovnica and Lašva 2.16 408080 6.74 downstream Confluence of Grlovnica and Lašva 0.1 Fojnička rijeka 409032 6.84 upstream HS Visoko 18.2 409033 67.74 downstream HS Visoko 18 409034 74.76 downstream HS Visoko 8.65 409035 16.57 downstream HS Visoko 6.9 409036 43.59 downstream HS Visoko 6.5 Dragaca 409037 104.99 downstream Confluence of Dragača and Fojnička 2.5 rijeka Željeznica 409038 98.01 downstream Confluence of Željeznica and Fojnička 1.84 rijeka 409039 24.54 downstream Confluence of Željeznica and Fojnička 0.37 rijeka Lepenica 409043 80.21 downstream Confluence of Lepenica and Fojnička 5.5 rijeka 409044 25.68 downstream Confluence of Lepenica and Fojnička 4.14 rijeka 409045 29.29 downstream Confluence of Lepenica and Fojnička 3.7 rijeka 409202 189.35 downstream Confluence of Lepenica and Fojnička 3.21 rijeka Misoča 410059 6.94 downstream Confluence of Misoča and Bosna 1.62 410060 50.85 downstream Confluence of Misoča and Bosna 1.53 410061 66.68 downstream Confluence of Misoča and Bosna 0.87 Stavnja 411062 28.89 downstream Confluence of Stavnja and Bosna 2.5 411063 89.55 downstream Confluence of Stavnja and Bosna 2.1 411064 8.03 downstream Confluence of Stavnja and Bosna 0.8 411065 46.92 downstream Confluence of Stavnja and Bosna 0.68 Trstionica 414092 94.82 downstream Confluence of Trstionica and Bosna 2.3 414093 7.93 downstream Confluence of Trstionica and Bosna 0.95 414094 44.41 downstream Confluence of Trstionica and Bosna 0.83 414095 13.99 downstream Confluence of Trstionica and Bosna 0.2 Gostović 423120 5.85 upstream HS Stipovići 6.68 423121 84.94 downstream HS Stipovići 6.53 423122 167.80 downstream HS Stipovići 4.34 Lješnica 425137 26.88 downstream Confluence of Lješnica and Bosna 1.85 425138 32.30 downstream Confluence of Lješnica and Bosna 1.45 425139 49.92 downstream Confluence of Lješnica and Bosna 0.96 425140 8.55 downstream Confluence of Lješnica and Bosna 0.21 77 Station Area of Upstream/ Hydrological station (HS) Qavg Watercourse ID river Downstream basin (km2) 425141 5.35 downstream Confluence of Lješnica and Bosna 0.08 Ljubina 429150 0.54 downstream Confluence of Ljubina and Bosna 3.23 429151 94.86 downstream Confluence of Ljubina and Bosna 3.21 429152 25.13 downstream Confluence of Ljubina and Bosna 0.83 429153 8.05 downstream Confluence of Ljubina and Bosna 0.2 Zujevina 431223 48.13 upstream HS Blažuj 3.2 431224 12.59 downstream HS Blažuj 3.11 431225 37.60 downstream HS Blažuj 2.85 431226 27.61 downstream HS Blažuj 2.1 431227 72.56 downstream HS Blažuj 1.5 78