COMPAGNIE THERMIQUE de SAVANNAH LtCe CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION of a 83.0 MW COAL / BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT at SAVANNAH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT E1 625 July 2005 S.l.G.M.A Ove Arup & Partners Consulting Engineers Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 In January 2004 the Central Electricity Board (CEB) launched a tender for the purchase and importation of electrical power on the National Grid. Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Ltee (hereinafter referred to as CTSav), a public liability societe company duly registered in Mauritius submitted an offer based on the implementation and operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired 2x41.5MW steam power plant at La Baraque, and the construction of a 66kV transmission link from La Baraque to Union Vale. 2 CTSav's offer has subsequently been retained. A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) has been substantially negotiated and concluded with the CEB on the 18 February 2005 for the sale to CEB of about of 335GWhE per year, power importation to the National Grid being modulated in function of customer demand (expected average production 335GWhE per year). 3 The Project will be located next to the La Baraque Sugar Factory in the district of Grand-Port - Savane, on a plot of land owned by Savannah Sugar Estate, and released for the Project as authenticated by a notary public. The land hitherto under cane, CTSav has submitted for the necessary Re-zoning and Land Conversion Permit. 4 SIGMA Ove Arup & Partners Consulting Engineers, in association with Dr Alan SAMSOON, have been commissioned for the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), a mandatory exercise in conformity with the provisions of the Environment Protection Act 2002 (Mauritius). 5 Negative Impacts have been identified with the operation of the Power Plant. They are mainly associated with: Atmospheric emissions that will decrease the ambient air quality in the region. In particular the ambient level of Sulphur dioxide during the inter crop season when CTSav will operate on coal as combustible. Other coal/bagasse combustion products, and ashes (bottom ash or slag, and fly ashes) * Liquid effluents such as resin wash waters from the boiler water demineralization unit, oily and dust contaminated waters from the Plant * Hydrocarbon wastes (lube oil sludge, used lube oils) from the Plant * On-site storage of coal * Intensification of lorry traffic, noise and atmospheric emissions from road transportation of coal 6. The negative impacts that could result there from can be effectively mitigated by the implementation of the following measures: Increasing the stack gas ejection velocity in coal-combustion mode from 10 m/s to not lower than 20m/s susceptible of enhancing atmospheric dispersion of S02 • Collection and pretreatment of the liquid effluents to the standard prescribed for their discharge by the appropriate Regulations * Prevention and/ or containment of leachate from the coal stock piles • Prevention and fighting of fires originating spontaneously from the strategy coal storage . Collection of fly ashes for eventual incorporation in concrete as per appropriate technical specifications, and in agreement with Construction Firms * Collection of slag and its disposal by incorporation in civil engineering structures as per Standard Specifications, or in a landfill * Neutralisation of effluents from the demineralization plant and their reuse for irrigation. An Environmental Monitoring Plan has been proposed accordingly in conformity with thie provisions of the aforesaid Law. 7 Positive Impacts are basically of socio-economic nature. They will result from inter alia: • availability at avoided cost to CEB, of a 83.OMWE net guaranteed production capacity * a more efficient exploitation of bagasse, the familiar renewable biomass source of energy . the provision of temporary employment to various professional trades during construction and permanent employment thereafter during operation 8 Considering that the Negative Impacts are satisfactorily mitigated, and considering further the considerable Positive Impacts of the Project in terms of low power generation costs, the Project is recommended to the Authorities. Patrick HAREL M.Sc., D.U.S., Ph.D. S.I.G.M.A - Ove Arup & Partners Associated Consulting Engineers Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment TABLE of CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................I TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND .................................................1 1.1 PROJECT OUTLINE ......................................................................................1 1.2 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ................................................................................1 1.2.1 NEED FOR INCREASED GENERATING CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS ......................................1 1.2.2 PRIORITY TO RENEWABLE GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES ......................................................... 2 1.2.3 ENHANCING THE ROLE OF INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS (IPPs) .........................................................2 1.3 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ......................................2 1.3.1 MNISTRY OF PUBLIC UTILITIES ...............................................................3 1.3.1.1 Power Purchase Agreement .................................................3 1.3.1.2 Commercial Operation Date (COD) ........................................... _ 3 1.3.2 MI NISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT ..........................................................3 1.3.2.1 Emission, Effluent Discharge and Noise Standards ..................................3 1.3.2.2 Persistent Organic Pollutant (POPs) Emissions ....................................3 1.3.2.3 Ashes ............................................................................................3 1.3.3 MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE ..................................................................3 1.3.4 MINSTRY OF HOUSING & LANDS ...................................................................................4 1.3.4.1 Town & Country Planning ..................................................4 1.3.4.2 National Physical Development Plan .............. ...........................................4 1.3.4.2.1 Policy E l ...................................................................4 1.3.4.2.2 PoliicyST3 .................................................... 4 1.3.4.2.3 Policy AG3 .................................................................4 CHAPTER 2: PROJECT PROMOTERS & ORGANISATION ................................................5 2.1 CENTRALE THERMIQUE DE SAVANNAH .........................................5 2.1.1 THE PROJECT VEICLE .................................................5 2.1.2 SHAREHOLDING .............................................................................. 5 2.2 PROCUREMENT SERVICES ....................................................5 2.2.1 THE DUAL COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED STEAM POWER PLANT ...........................................5 2.2.2 THE TURBO-ALTERNATOR SETS .............................6 2.2.3 THE POWER TRANSMISSION LINN 6 2.3 ENGINEERING SERVICES 6...........................................6 2.4 STAFFING OF THE POWER PLANT ..............................................6 2.5 PLANT CONSTRUCTION TIME-SCHEDULE ...........................................7 CHAPTER 3: DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................8 3.1 THE POWER PLANT CONFIGURATION .......................................... 8 3.2 PROJECT SITE ... ................................. ............................................... 8 3.2.1 LocATION AND EXTENT.............................................................. . ...... 8 3.2.2- JUSTIFICATION OF CHOICE OF SITE ...................................... ................... 8 3.2.3 OWNERSHIP ...................................................................... 9 3.2.4 PRESENT OCCUPANCY ..................................................................... 9 3.3 FURNACES AND BOILERS ..................................... ........... 9 3.3.1 THE FURNACES ............................................................................. 9 3.3.2 THEBOILERS.............................................................................. 10 3.4 TURBO-ALTERNATOR SETS ........................................ ....... 10 3.4.1 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS .......................................... ................. 10 3.4.2 SWITCHGEAR .............................................................................. 10 3.4.3 PLANT DC SYSTEM ... ..................................... .................................................... 11 3.4.4 PLANT LUBRICATION SYSTEM .............................................................................1 3.4.4.1 Used Lube Oil Collection and Disposal ........................................I 11 3.4.5 PLANT HP HYDRAULIC CONTROL ....................................................................... 11 3.5 COAL SUPPLY AND MANAGEMENT ........................................... 12 3.5.1 ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COL .......................................................12 3.5.2 STRATEGIC STORAGE FACILITY............................................................... 13 3.5.3 FIGHTING FIRES To ENviRONMENT ............................................................ 14 3.5.4 IN-SITU COAL HANDLING AT RECEPTION .......................................................14 3.5.5 COAL CONDITIONING UNIT.................................................................. 14 3.5.6 COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS: CHARACTERISTICS, HANDLING, DISPOSAL ............................15 3.5.6.1 Coal Combustion Products .................................................15 3.5.6.2 Fly Ash .............................................................. 16 3.5.6.3 Slag ................................................................16 3.5.6.4 Flue Gases Characteristics .................................................16 3.6 BAGASSE SUPPLY AND MANAGEMENT .........................................18 3.6.1 ORIGIN OF BAGASSE .................................................. 1 8 3.6.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF BAGASSE ...........................,.18 3.6.3 BAGASSE COMBUSTION PRODUCTS: CHARACTERISTICS, HANDLING, DISPOSAL .........................18 3.6.3.1 Bagasse Combustion Products .............................................. 18 3.63.2 Fly Ash ................................................ .............19 3.6.3.3 Bottom Ash........................................................... 19 3.6.3.4 Flue Gases Characteristics ................................................20 3.7 PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE................................................. 21 3.7.1 POWER PLANT ACCESS 21 3.7.2 LoRRY CLEANING FACILITIES ......................... 21 3.7.3 PERIPHERAL DRAIN ................... .21 3.7.4 SETrLING PONDS ................... .21 3.8 PROJECT WATER REQUIREMENTS ............................................ 22 3.8.1 CTSAV PROCESS WATER REQUIREMENTS .................................................... 22 3.8.2 POTABLE WATER REQUIREMENTS ............................................ .............. 22 3.9 WASTE WATER FROM CTSAV ................................................ 22 3.9.1 POWER STATION PROCESS EFFLUNT .......................................................... 22 3.9.1.1 Origin and Production Rates ............................................... 22 3.9.1.2 Quality of Process Effluent Components ........................................ 23 3.9.1.3 Disposal of Power Station Process Effluent ...................................... 23 3.9.2 DOMESTIC EFFLUENTS ... ................................... ..................................................... 24 3.9.2.1 Quality and Rate of Production .............................................. 24 39.2.2 Treatment andDisposal................................................... 24 3.10 GENERATION OF PROCESS WASTES ........................................... 24 3.10.1 HYDROCARBON WASTES .................................................... ........... 24 3.10.1.1 Production Rates ........................................................................24 3.10.1.2 Disposal ... ........... .................... ............................................... 24 3.10.2 SOLID WASTES .................................... 24 3.10.2.1 Fly Ash ... ............ .................... ............................................... 24 3.10.2.1.1 Production Rate ....................................................................... 24 3.10.2.1.2 Disposal of Fly Ash ........................... ......................................................................................................... 25 3.10.2.2 Slag ............................................................................................25 3.10.2.2.1 Production Rate ......................................................... 25 3.10.2.2.2 Disposal of Slag .................................................................. 25 3.10.2.3 Boiler Bottom Ash ......................................................... 25 CHAPTER 4: BUILT ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROJECT ................................... 26 4.1 DEMOGRAPHY ............................................................ 26 4.1.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................26 4.1.2 REGIONAL SETTLEMENT & POPULATION ....................................................... 26 4.2 TOURISM & PARA-TOURISTIC ACTIVITIES ........................................................ 27 4.3 REGIONAL PUBLIC BEACHES AND RECREATIONAL SITES ..................................................... 27 4.3.1 PUBLIC BEACHES ..............................................................................................27 4.3.2 RECREATIONAL SITES ..........................................................................................27 4.4 REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY ............ ............................................ 28 4.4.1 THE SUGAR INDUSTRY ..........................................................................................28 4.4.2 POWER GENERATION AT COMPAGNIE THERMIQUE DU SUD (CTDS) .......................... 28 4.4.3 POULTRY FARMING ............................................................................................29 4.4.4 MONKEY BREEDING ............................................................................................29 4.5 HISTORICAL SITES ......................................................... 29 4.6 PUBLIC UTILITIES .......................................................... 29 4.6.1 DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY.................................................................. 29 4.6.2 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ............................................................................................ 29 4.6.2.1 Production Policy ....................................................... 30 4.6.2.2 Power Transmission and Distribution Network ................................... 30 4.6.3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS .......................................................................................... 30 4.6.4 SEWER NETWORKS ............................................................................................... 30 4.6.5 ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................................................. 30 4.7 INDUSTRIAL WATER ..............................................................................30 4.7.1 ORIGIN OF INDUSTRIAL WATER.............................................................. 30 4.7.1.1 Savannah Sugar Estate ....................... ......................... 31 4.7.1.2 MT-MD Sugar Estate .................................................................. 31 4.7.2 WATER RESOURCES ........................................................................ 31 4.7.2.1 Water Rights ..................................................... ..........31 4.7.2.2 Water Availability .................................................................. 31 4.7.2.2.1 From Savannah Resources ......................................3 1 4.7.2.2.2 From MT-MD Resources ..................................... 32 4.7.3 INDUSTRIAL WATER NETWORK .............................................. ........... 32 CHAPTER 5: NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................... 33 5.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 33 5.2 CLIMATE ................................................................. 33 5.2.1 RAINFALL ........................................................................ 34 5.2.2 TEMPERATURE ............................................................................ 34 5.2.3 WIND DATA ..................................... ..................................................... 35 5.2.3.1 Wind data under normal climatic conditions ..................................... 35 5.2.3.1.1 Trade Winds ....................................................................... 5.2.3.1.2 Average wind distribution ..............................................................35 5.2.3.2 Cyclonic Winds........................................................ 35 5.2.3.3 Site Exposure to Winds ...................................................36 5.3 GEOLOGY ................................................................36 5.4 PEDOLOGY ............................................................... 36 5.5 SURFACE HYDROLOGY AND HYDRO-GEOLOGY .................................36 5.5.1 REGIONAL SURFACE HYDROLOGY............................................................ 36 5.5.2 SITE HYDROLOGY.......................................................................... 37 5.5.3 HYDRo-GEOLOGY.......................................................................... 37 5.5.3.1 Regional Hydro-geology ..................................................37 5.5.32 Site Hydro-geology ...................................................... 37 5.6 AIR QUALITY .............................................................. 37 5.6.1 PM, C02, NOX, SOX, CO, POP's EMISsIONs ......................................................... 37 5.6.2 BASELINE DATA ................................................................... 37 5.6.3 DUST EMISSIONS .................................................................. 3 8 5.6.4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ............................................................. 3 8 5.7 NOISE .................................................................... 39 5.8 FLORAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................40 5.8.1 NATURE RESERVES ................................................................40 5.8.2 ENDANGERED SPECIES .............................................................. 40 5.9 FAUNAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................... 41 5.9.1 ENDEMIC WILDLIFE ................................................................41 5.9.2 ExoTIC SPECIES ................................................................... 41 CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................... 42 6.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 42 6.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS AT CONSTRUCTION .......................................42 6.21 BIOLOGICAL POLLUTION OF SITE...................................................... 42 6.2.1.1 Source oflmpact ....................................................... 42 62.1.2 Mitigating Measures..................................................... 43 6.2.2 ACCUMULATION OF SOLID WASTES ......................................................... 43 6.2.2.1 The Impact ........................................................... 43 6.2.2.2 Mitigating measures ........................................................... 43 6.3 NEGATIVE IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE ....................................................... 44 6.3.1 ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION BY PARTICULATE AND GASEOUS EMISSIONS ....................................................... 44 6.3.1.1 Origin of the Atmospheric Pollution ................. .......................................... 44 6.3.1.2 Impacts of CO2 Emissions ................................................. 45 6.3.1.2.1 Contribution to Global Warming .................................................. 45 6.3.1.2.2 Intensity of Impact due to C02 emissions ............................................ 46 6.3.1.2.3 Mitigating Measures ................................................................ ........................46 6.3.1.2.3.1 Accounting C02 emissions in Global Effect ........................................ 46 6.3.1.3 Impacts of CO Emissions .................................................. 46 6.3.1.3.1 Health Hazard due to CO emissions ................................................ 46 6.3.1.3.2 Health Hazard due to CO emissions ................................................ 47 6.3.1.3.2.1 Ambient Concentrations ................................................................ ........ ............. 47 6.3.1.3.2.2 Emission Standards ........................................................................................48 6.3.1.4 Impacts of Nitrogen Oxides emission ..........................................48 6.3.1.4.1 Health Hazards........................................................................................................ 48 6.3.1.4.2 Formation of Acid Rain (HN03)........................................................................ ............ 49 6.3.1.4.3 Eutrophication......................................................................................................... 49 6.3.1.4.4 The Greenhouse Effect.................................................................................................O 6.3.1.4.5 Hazards to Vegetals................................................................................................... 50 6.3.1.4.6 Intensity of Impacts................................................................................................... 50 6.3.1.4.6.1 Ambient Concentrations.......................................................................................... 50 6.3.1.4.6.2 Emission Rates ......................................................... ..................... .................... 51 6.3.1.4.7 Mitigating measures ..................................................................................................5 1 6.3.1.5 Impacts of Sulphur Oxides Emissions .................... ................................................. 52 6.3.1.5.1 Health Hazards...................... .................................................................. ............... 52 6.3.1.5.2 Formation of Acid Rain .............................................................................................. 52 6.3.1.5.3 Phytotoxic Effects on Native Vegetation and Agriculture .............. .......................................... 52 6.3.1.5.4 Intensityof Impact..................................................................................................... 52 6.3.1.5.4.1 Ambient Concentrations ......................................................................................... 52 6.3.1.5.4.2 Emission Rates.................................................................................................... 53 6.3.1.5.4 Mitigating Measures .............................................................................. ................... 53 6.3.1.6 Impact of Particulate Matter emissions ... ................................................................ 54 6.3.1.6.1 Health hazards......................................................................................................... 54 6.3.1.6.2 Visibility degradation................................................................................................. 55 6.3.1.6.3 Soiling and Wasting Effects ......................................................................................... 55 6.3.1.6.4 Intensity of Impacts................................................................................................... 55 6.3.1.6,4.1 Ambient Concentrations ......................................................................................... 55 6.3.1.6.4.2 Emission Rates.................................................................................. ................. 56 6.3.1.6.5 Mitigating measures................................................................................................... 56 6.3.1. 7 Impact ofPOP Emissions................................................................................... .56 6.3.1.7.1 NatureoflImpacts..................................................................................................... 57 6.3.1.7.1.1 Non-cancerous Effects .......................................................................................... 57 6.3.1.7.1.2 Non-cancerous Tolerable Doses................................................................................. 57 6.3.1.7.1.3 Cancerous Effects ....................... ........................................................................ 58 6.3.1.7.1.4 Cancerous Threshold Doses .......... ...... ................................................................... 58 6.3.1.7.2 Intensity of Impact from Ambient PCDD/PCDF Concentrations ................................................. 59 6.3.2 POLLUTION By EFFLUENTS FROM PROCESS.......................................................................... 59 6 3.2.1 The Impact................................................................................................. 59 6.3.2.2 Mitigating Measures ........................................................... ............................. 59 6.3.3 POLLUTION BY PROCESS AND DOMESTIC WASTES................................................................... 60 6.33.1 The Impact ................................................................................................... 60 6.3.3.2 Mitigating Measures .......................................................................... .............. 61 6.33.2.1 Fly Ash.................................................................................................................6 1 6.3.3.2.2 ag ....Slag ..............................................................................................................6 16 6.3.4 BIOLOGICAL POLLUTION OF SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND WATER ............................................. 61 6.3.4.1 Nature of the Impact......................................................................................... 61 6.3.4.2 Mlitigating Measures ....................................................................................... _62 6.3.5 NoiSE FROM CTSAV POWER PLANT.................................................................................. 62 6.3.5.1 Nature of Impact............................................................................................. 62 6.3.5.2 Intensity of Impact........................................................................................... 62 6.3.6 POLLUTION BY HYDROCARBON WASTES AND SPILLS .............................................................. 63 6.3.61 The Impact.................................................................................................... 63 63.6.2 Mitigating Measures ........................................................................................ 63 6.3.7 POLLUTION BY LOADED STORM RUNOFF............................................................................. 63 6.3.7.1 The Impact ................................................................................................... 63 6.3.7.2 Mitigating Measures ..................................................................................... ... 64 6.3.8 INCREASING OCCUPANCY OF QUAY No 1 .................................. ......................................... 64 6.3.8.1I Nature of the Impact ............................................................................. ........... 64 6.3.8.2 Mitigating Measures ............................................................................. ........... 64 6.3.9 RISKS WITH STRATEGIC COAL. STORAGE............................................................................. 65 6.3.9.1 Fire Risks....................................... ............................................................. 65 6.3.9.1.1 Origin and Mechanism of the Risk.................................................................... .............. 65 6.3.9.1.2 Intensityofthe Risk ................................................................................................... 65 6.3.9.1.3 Mitigating Measures.................................................................................................. 65 (i) Stock Temperature Monitoring.....................................................6 (ii) Putting out Col fires................................... ....................... 66 6.3.10 EXTRA DEMAND ON PUBLIC UTILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................ 66 6.3.10.1I Impact on CWA ........................ ..................................................................... 66 6.3.10.2 Impact on CEB .............................................................................. .....66 6.3.11 IMPACT ON PUBLIC ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................................................. 67 6.3.11.1 Origin and Mechanism of the Impact ......................................................... 67 6.3.11.2 Intensity of the Impacts..................................... . ........... 67 6.3.12 IMPACTS OF 66KV TRANSMISSION LINE TO UNION VALE .......................................67 6.3.12.1 Origin and Mechanism of the Impact ..........................................67 6.3.13.1.1 Health Hazards ...........................................................68 6.3.13.1.2 Corona effect ....................................................................68 6.3.13.2 Probability and Magnitude of the Impact ....................................... 68 63.13.3 Mitigating Measures..................................................... 69 6.3.13.4 Impacts during Installation of the transmission line ................................69 6.4 POSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTS ........................................... 70 6.4.1 CREATION OF DIRECT NEW JOBS ............................................ ............ 70 6.4.1.1 At Construction Phase ..................................................................70 6.4.1.2 At Operation Phase ....................................................................70 6.4.1.1 Generation of Indirect New Jobs ............................................. 70 6.4.2 AVOIDED INVESTMENT COSTS TO CEB .............................................70 CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN .......................................71 7.1 THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .....................................71 7.2 EMP AT CONSTRUCTION PHASE .............................................. 71 7.3 EMP AT OPERATION PHASE.................................................. 71 7.4 DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINGENCY PLANS ...................................... 71 CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSIONS ........................................................77 APPENDIX A - SITE OWNERSHIP ....................................................79 APPENDIX B - AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MODELLING .................................... 80 APPENDIX C - COAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................. 81 APPENDIX D - ESTIMATES OF CANE CULTIVATION ..................................... 82 APPENDIX E - WATER RESOURCES ANALYSIS ......................................... 83 APPENDIX F - SEPTIC TANK & LEACHING FIELD .......................................84 APPENDIX G - WIND ROSES AT PLASANCE ...........................................85 APPENDIX H - GASEOUS EMISSIONS FROM BAGASSE ................................... 86 Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment Chapter 1: Project Background 1.1 Project Outline Compagnie Thermique de Savannah (hereinafter referred to as CTSav), a public liability societe duly registered in Mauritius, in response to a Public Tender, submitted an offer based on: . the implementation and operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired steam power plant at La Barraque/Savannah, featuring two 185 t/h boiler and turbo-alternator units, 83.OMWE on aggregate capacity * the setting up of a strategic storage of 19 000 tons of coal' • the construction of a 66kV link over approximately 5.0 km between the proposed power station and Union Vale The Tender of SUDS has been retained. 1.2 Project Justification 1.2.1 Need for increased Generating Capacity requirements Reference is made to the Integrated Electricity Plan 2003-2012 recently released on the web by the Central Electricity Board (CEB). The IEP presents generating planning based upon static, deterministic decision criteria, with the provision of reserves higher than those accepted elsewhere, to account for the absence of supply from neighbouring jurisdictions. These reserves will include: . Spinning Reserves, for instantaneous matching of generation exactly to any rise or fall in demand at all times of the day and the night • System Reserves, to meet peak demand under an rN-2 criterion', i.e. in the advent of scheduled outage and/or failure to the largest and or next largest generating unit The combination of spinning reserves and system reserves implies generation reserve margins of the order of 20 to 25% of total effective generating capacity. The capability of existing and committed generation resources by 2005 is described in Table 1.2.1.1 below from IEP 2003-2012. It includes the comning into service by October 2005 of the CTDS coal- fired power plant at Union St-Aubin. In 2006/2007, planned capacity additions will range between 64 and 96MW depending on whether demand is low or high. By launching the CTSav power station, CEB will make sure that demand will be met satisfactorily and may even be able to retire the old Fort-Victoria units. According to Louis DECROP from SIDEC, this figure is based upon: 74 MW x 30 d x 24h x 0.60 (load factor) 600g/kWh = 19 180 tonnes. Table 1.2. 1.1: Capability of Existing and Committed Generation Resources by 2005 Effective Capacity Capability Crop Season Intercrop Season (GWh) Existing Hydro CEB 27.0 37.0 85 IPPs 0.3 0.3 0.4 Sub-total 27.3 37.3 85.4 Existing Thermal CEB 302 302 1 405 IPP's 117 111 810 Sub-Total 419 413 2 215 Committed New Resources IPPs 30 30 200 Sub-Total 30 30 200 TOTAL 476.3 480.3 2 500.4 1.2.2 Priority to Renewable Generation Technologies Biomass, more famniliarly bagasse in Mauritius, is available recurrently during the cane crop season. But the availability of this renewable source of energy is dependent upon many factors such as: * climatic conditions, as rainfall is required to satisfy the water requirements of the crops for satisfactory yields * extent of cultivated areas, a parameter that tends to decrease slowly but constantly * centralisation of factories with more efficient use of bagasse to generate exportable energy Savannah is well situated not only for good cane yields, but also in the prospect of the centralisation process, with the expected closing down of Riche-en-Eau and Mon Desert - Mon Tr6sor sugar factories, meaning considerable extra crushing and bagasse. 1.2.3 Enhancing the role of Independent Power Producers (IPPs) The emergence of IPPs, since 1957, has been of tremendous assistance to CEB, not only in terms of avoiding the Government high financial burden associated with the implementation of generating plant, but also, because of the dispersed locations of the IPPs, in relieving pressure on the transmission system. The CTSav power plant is in line with the IPP philosophy adopted by CEB. 1.3 Legal and Institutional Framework The implementation of the CTSav Project will be framed by the following legal, regulatory and institutional procedures. 1.3.1 Ministry of Public Utilities 1.3.1.1 Power Purchase Agreement The Power Purchase Agreement (PPA), which governs the terms and conditions under which Central Electricity Board will purchase power from CTSav and eventually acquire the power plant., has been finalized and signed on the 18 February 2005. 1.3.1.2 Commercial Operation Date (COD) Initially set at June 2007. 1.3.2 Ministry of Environment The Project falls under Part B - Item 40 Power Station- of the First Schedule - Undertakings requiring an Environmental Impact Assessment - of the Environmental Protection Act (2002). 1.3.2.1 Emission, Effluent Discharge and Noise Standards The following Regulations and Guidelines accompany the Law and are relevant to the operation of the Project: . Air Emission Standards (1998) proposed for Mauritius. They are supplemented wherever necessary by World Bank Environmental Guidelines. * Effluent Discharge Standards2 * Noise Emission Standards, as per Government Notice 17 of 1997 1.3.2.2 Persistent Organic Pollutant (POPs) Emissions POPs, namely Dioxins, emission sources, and PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls)-containing equipment are inventoried under the Stockholm Convention of which the Government of Mauritius is a signatory. One of the duties of the Government under this convention is to identify and phase out POPs sources and safely manage the PCBs. 1.3.2.3 Ashes Ashes, which are a maj or Coal Combustion Product, are not governed by any regulations or guidelines and reference will be made to the following decree published in the Journal Officiel de la Republique Francaise No 93 20thApril 2002: * Ddcret no 2002-540 du 18 Avril 2002 relatif a la Classification des Dechets 1.3.3 Ministry of Agriculture The implantation of the CTSav Project at Savannah SE is subject to a Land Conversion Permit issued by the Ministry of Agriculture. 2 Regulations made by the Minister under Sections 34 and 74 of the Environment Protection Act 1991 1.3.4 Ministry of Housing & Lands The implantation of the CTSav Project at Savannah SE is subject to the following clearances as described below. 1.3.4.1 Town & Country Planning With reference to the Grand-Port & Savane District Outline the Site lies within an agricultural zone and the implementation of the CTSav dual bagasse/coal-fired power station is conditional upon the granting of a Re-zoning Permit from the Town & Country Planning Board. 1.3.4.2 National Physical Development Plan Reference is made to the following policies; inter alia, of the newly issued NPDP3: 1.3.4.2.1 Policy El Sites for New Power Stations: Sites for new power stations need to be identified in revised Local Plans and protected from development. In respect of buffer zones for bad neighbour developments, reference is also made to the following policies: 1.3.4.2.2 Policy ST3 Sites for Buffer Zones around Bad Neighbour Developments: In considering the location of bad neighbourhood developments, buffer zones up to lkm from sensitive land uses should be identified in revised Local Maps. The justification mentions for such buffers, refers specifically to sewage treatment works, landfill sites, civic amenities and major scrap yards as constituting 'bad neighbour' development for environmental and social reasons. 1.3.4.2.3 Policy AG3 Agricultural Land Needed for National Strategic Projects: with regard to the release and conversion (by the Ministry of Agriculture) of sites on land of high/moderate suitability for agriculture, needed solely for specific projects of national importance (and for which no alternative sites are available) ... 3 Goveniment of Mauritius - National Physical Development Plan. Volume 1: Development Strategy and Policies. November 2002. HALCROW Group. Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment Chapter 2: Project Promoters & Organisation 2.1 Centrale Thermique de Savannah 2.1.1 The Project Vehicle The Project Vehicle is Companie Thermique de Savannah (CTSav) a Public Liability Company limited by shares and incorporated in Mauritius on the 18 February 2005. The Memorandum and Articles of Association have been drawn up by Me Hugues MAIGROT a Notary Public of the City of Port-Louis. The Registered Office of CTSav is situated at 7th Floor, Anglo Mauritius House, Adolphe de Plevitz Street, Port Louis. The objects for which the Company has been established are inter alia to produce and sell electricity and power. 2.1.2 Shareholding The co-proponents of the Project who have entered into. a Project Development Agreement (PDA) for that purpose, are: * Compagnie Energie Savannah Ltee (CESL), Mauritius, regrouping the so-called 'growing companies', nemely: Cie de Beau-Vallon Ltee, MT-MD Ltd, Union-Cascade, Bel-Air * Sugar Investment Trust (SIT), Mauritius * SECHILIENNE-SIDEC (SIDEC), France, a French-registered company, experienced in the design, implementation and operation of similar power plants world-wide, and who will provide the necessary technical assistance to operate the power plant in conformity with the provisions of the PPA 2.2 Procurement Services 2.2.1 The Dual Coal/Bagasse-fired Steam Power Plant The dual coal/bagasse-fired steam plant will consist of: * two steam boilers equipped with stoker-spreader furnace supplied by ALSTOM Australia 2.2.2 The Turbo-Alternator Sets Each of the two turbo-alternator sets will consist of: v * The turbine, of the multistage condensing type, supplied by THERMODYN * The alternator supplied by JEUMONT SCHNEIDER 2.2.3 The Power Transmission Line The Transmission line will be supplied and installed by the EPC contractor, SOTRAMON Ltd. 2.3 Engineering Services Engineering Services will be provided by: SECCHILIENNE- SIDEC, acting as owner's engineer during the construction, and as major shareholder of CTSav company in charge of the power plant operations. . SOTRAMON, acting as Engineering Construction Procurement contractor, in charge of dimensioning, procuring, assembling and commissioning the power plant. . SIGMA - Ove Arup & Partners in association with Dr. Alan SAMSOON, for the environmental engineering services 2.4 Staffing of the Power Plant The technical team in charge of the operation of the Power Plant will comprise, inter alia: • the Plant Manager, also the official contact person with CEB * the Production Engineer (PE) * the Maintenance Manager (MM) The PE will supervise: * Operators working in shifts. A team of three operators, consisting of a Shift Supervisor, a Plant Operator and a Rover, as well as a Scraper Operator during the crop season, will be present at all time in the power plant. * the Laboratory attendant in charge of the control of the 'chemical' performance parameters The MM will supervise: * the team of mechanics consisting of a Mechanical Engineer, his administrative assistants an a group of 4 mechanics * the team of electricians comprising an electrical engineer, his administrative assistants end a team of electrical technicians The technical staff enumerated in the foregoing, will be recruited at an early stage in order to participate in the implementation, assembly and commissioning of the Plant so that they may acquire an intimate knowledge of the Plant and of its operation. 2.5 Plant Construction Time-schedule The COD having been stipulated in the PPA, the construction, assembly, commissioning and handing over are scheduled as follows, re the official 'go-ahead'. Table 2.5.1: Schedule of Power Plant Construction Operations MONTHS 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Signature of EPC =- Fowudation kk (rks Ercetion of Boilers Turbo altermators T ransformners 6tN. line Start-up Tests COD Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment Chapter 3: Detailed Project Description 3.1 The Power Plant Configuration The Power Plant will be configured as described hereunder so as to supply the National Grid as per the conditions set out in the PPA: * Two dual coal/bagasse furnaces * Two boilers producing superheated steam at specified pressure 82 bars and temperature 525°C * Two extraction turbo-alternator sets with condenser and cooling tower * The switch gear interfacing the Plant to the National Grid * A strategic coal storage of 19 000 tons of coal * A coal reception platform, conditioning plant and day storage v * A bagasse conveyor from the sugar factory to the Plant bagasse hoppers * A steam main from the Power Station to the sugar boiling house The Plant will deliver power to the National Grid via an approximately 5.0 km 66kV transmission line from La Baraque to Union Vale, which forms part of the Project. 3.2 Project Site 3.2.1 Location and Extent The Project Site, as well as the 66kV link to Union Vale where the Power Plant will deliver to the National Grid, is shown in Figure 3.2.1.1, reproduced from the Ordinance Survey Regional Map of Mauritius The specific site survey has been carried out by tric DOGER de SPIEVILLE of S.D.D.S Sworn Land Surveyors, see plan in Figure 3.2.1.2, which shows the boundaries, in conformity with Clause 18 (1) (c) (ii) of the EP Act 2002. The Site has an extent of 4.688ha. The footprints of the various components of the power plant are shown in Figure 3.2.1.3. 3.2.2 Justification of Choice of Site The Project Site, although it appears at first sight to be quite remote from the Coal Terminal at Port- Louis Harbour, offers: • proximity to a 66kV transmission line along a free corridor (estate road) * availability of process water as will be discussed below * availability of bagasse biomass as Savannah SE becomes the 'centralised' or major sugar factory of the South when Mon Desert - Mon Tresor and Riche-en-Eau factories close down Trois BouLL Kr Uni Carreau La Paille Piewn Bo.s ,\ Snuveterre CJ'J Tagore L'ESCALIEi l ; < &- - La BarfFdrje * r¸ . , \ nnah PROP D WAY LEAVE (2m wide) FOR 66KV UNES Plant 1) A-B 2275m lng -,2) C-D 2260m , -EflSUG 22KV UNE SUGAR FACTORY EXPORT/ IMPORT UNE Saviis '- COMPAGNIE THERIMIQUE -a SurjrJiAe; DE SAVANNAH Ltd. Construction & Operation of a 83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Plant at Savannah Figure 3.2.1.1 - Location Plan of Plant I~Scale 1:25 000 Dae Amue 2005 Job No. 2436 ; fS.l.G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Partners Associated Consulting Engineers I%r . I hwuxf 19OuihSbelm- PwtLouis-Maurfflus Tel. 212 3734/S 212 0962 212 2145 Fax (230)208 0375 COMPAGNIE THEMIUE SAVANNAH S.E DE SAVANNAH Ltd. Relev6 topographique d'un terrain devant servir i la Constmetion & Operation of a 83 M Co/BeWe-FredPower Plant construction d'une central thermique at Sava8ah 0 Figue 3.2.1.2 - Site Topogaphy SWd. 1:1 500 === ==D=. I, 21' --0-- R.r - - = = = .1- C3IL0GILANE Fi l?l.C P 6753559 - 6743494 9d FAX 674404- 1.31: Sd4IflUW - CWA1 II. 2003ln 0IECI00LLRI Iin mW monI COMPAGNIE THERMIQUE DE SAVANNAH Ltd. Construcdon & Operation of a 83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Plant at Savannah Figre 31.1.3 - Projet Layout Sod*e 1:2 000 nDa Jun. 200S 14 -4- ri.i T ~ E'. F F., VIEW C v 1s2 T ESP CeNTI1ALE C TA iMIQUE DE SAVANNAHI |OOLNU -| GENERAL FACILITIES LAYOUT ,Wuuk SOLUTIONS 4 1,~'C.eA,.S l*Ar.'g..Si**.I 1F JjISORAFRATCEk6'ilz7 1 2000 3.2.3 Ownership The Site described above has been excised from the plot of land of 1074 A 73p situated at La Baraque and belonging to the Savannah sugar estates as per TV 487 No 48. The ownership is authenticated by the certificate drawn for that purpose, by notary public Me Jean Pierre MONTOCCHIO as reproduced in Appendix A. The certificate also states that the said land has been released by the owner to CTSav for the implementation of the Power Plant. In conformity with Clause 18 (1) (c) (iv) of the EP Act 2002. 3.2.4 Present Occupancy The land dedicated to the Project is presently in zone as Agricultural Land and is under cane cultivation. In conformity with the provisions of local regulations, the land to be detached to CTSav must be the object of: a Land Conversion Permit issued by the Ministry of Agriculture a Re-zoning Certificate, issued by the Town & Country Planning of the Ministry of Housing & Land The dossiers have been submitted accordingly. 3.3 Furnaces and Boilers 3.3.1 The Furnaces The type of furnace envisaged is a classical spreader-stoker, mobile-grate furnace, manufactured ALSTOM Australia. The design and performance characteristics of the dual combustible furnaces (2Nos) for each furnace using coal or bagasse only are as follows: Coal Bagasse Average CV (kJ/kg) 25 500 7 750 Maximum Burning Rate (kg/h) 18 760 78 800 Combustion air Inflow Rate at MBR (kg/h) 202 400 296 000 Flue gas emission rate at MBR (Nm3/h) 164 360 304 270 ditto (kg/h) 217 900 372 700 Annual Average Burning Rate (kg/h) 14 108 50 000 Flue gas temperature (CC) 135 160 Flue gas velocity at exhaust temperature (m/s) 20.3 20.3 Stack Diameter (m) 2.9 2.9 Duration of firing (hours per annum) 4400 3 600 * The Stack height: 56m nominally, as proposed initially by the Promoter. * Stack diameter: two ducts of 2.90 m diameter each. * Additional Blowers will be used when burning of coal to obtain flue gas exhaust velocities of not less than 20m/s 3.3.2 The Boilers The design and performance characteristics of each of the boilers using coal or bagasse are: Coal Bagasse Efficiency optimisation steam rate (ton/h) 140 175 Maximum continuous running steam rate (ton/h) 150 185 Peak operation steam rate (ton/h) 150 185 Steam Pressure (Bar Abs) 82 82 Nominal Temperature at Turbine inlet (°C) 520 520 Superheating Level (°C) from 70% MCR 525 Superheating Level (°C) from 50% MCR 525 3.4 Turbo-alternator Sets 3.4.1 Performance Characteristics The generator/s driven by the steam turbine/s will have the following output characteristics: • Gross Output: 83 MWE * Net exportable output: 74MWE (in conformity with ISO 8 528 - 1) during the intercrop season and 75MWE during the crop season of which 9,5MWE to the sugar factory and 65,5 MWE to the v national grid * Voltage: 11 kV * Frequency: 50Hz ± 5% • Operational availability as per PPA. 3.4.2 Switchgear The switchgear will be designed, in conformity with the relevant IEC standards, for outdoor location and capable of continuous operation under the prevailing Site climatic conditions. The outdoor switchyard and equipment (circuit breakers, disconnectors, lightning arrestors, current transformers, metering,) to be connected to the National Grid, and details of the Transformer are as follows: * Type: Outdoor type with cooling oil conservator * Rated power: 50MVA ONAN at 35°C maximum ambient temperature • Rated Voltages: 66/1 1kV * Tap changer: ± 2x2.5% off-load type * Standards: IEC 76 * Cooling: ONAN 100% Peak power and energy dispatch to the National 66kV Grid will be governed by the terms of the PPA. 3.4.3 Plant DC System The DC system supplies DC-power to Plant Control Room, namely for dispatch automation, synchronization, generator protection and alarm annunciation. This system is not dependent upon the Plant AC auxiliary voltage system to ensure a safe shutdown in case of failure of the said auxiliary voltage supply. It will consist of, inter alia: * A lead acid battery of the appropriate VDC and Ah/h ratings * A battery charger of the appropriate rating • A switchboard • A stand-by generator set to ensure continuous autonomy. 3.4.4 Plant Lubrication System For the turbine shaft-line, and eventually the alternator, main recommendations for mineral lubrication oil are: Viscosity SAE 40 at 40°C 32 cSt Volumetric Weight at 15°C 865kg/m3 Flash point, closed > 2000C Aniline point > 900 C Maxiimum Water Content: 80 ppm Air release value tp 0.2% air at 500 C 2 min Steam de-emulsion < 90 s 3.4.4.1 Used Lube Oil Collection and Disposal Used lube oil and oily waters from the plant lubricating circuit will be stored in a storage tank provided to that effect. The used oil will be disposed of by combustion in the boiler furnace on Site. 3.4.5 Plant HP Hydraulic Control The jack actuating the steam inlet valves in the Turbines as well as the servo-jacks which operate the inlet control valves and the extraction valves are part of a hydraulic system to which hydraulic oil is supplied at a pressure of - 120 Bar The HP hydraulic control assembly will consist of, inter alia: . a C-steel oil tank with interior epoxy coating, equipped with level indicators, instrumentation, valves and fittings, suitable for hydraulic quality oil * two redundant electric motor - variable displacement pump sets, operating to a maximum discharge pressure of - 15OBar * DC accumulator for automatic pump starting . A water-oil heat exchanger with by-pass check valves and calibrated check valve in stainless steel return pipes 3.5 Coal Supply and Management 3.5.1 Origin and Characteristics of Coal To produce steam of the required quality and at the required rate, the furnace will consume at expected production rate of the plant -197 996 GWhE/y -, a yearly mean value of about 125 000 tons of coal per year. The furnace combustible will be coal imported from Richard's Bay4, South Africa, by the local Coal Terminal Management Co. Ltd. The granulometry of the Coal that will be delivered on Site from the Coal Terminal in Port Louis Harbour is expected to be as follows: Sieve (P (mm) 1 2 6 10 16 20 25 30 50 80 120 >120 % smaller 7 10 15 25 42 55 68 80 100 98 99 1 % average I 11 21 41 55 67 72 84 87 94 99 100 0 % larger 13 25 45 65 75 85 90 93 95 100 0 0 The as-received coal must be conditioned as the coal feed to the spreader stoker must not contain coal particles >25mm in diameter. Typical granulometry expected for coal fed to spreader stoker is as follows: Sieve rD (mm) 1 2 6 10 15 20 25 % smaller 5 10 15 25 52 80 100 % average 15 25 55 80 95 98 100 % larger 20 35 65 90 97 99 100 Some of the constituents, namely Moisture, Ash, Volatile Matter, Sulphur, of the coal received at the Coal Terminal Management Co Ltd, have been analysed for all the batches received since 2000 and the results are summarised in Table 3.5.1.1 below, details being in Appendix C hereto. Table 3.5.1.1: Analysis Results for Coal received from South Africa ANNUAL COAL ANALYSIS RESULTS YEAR MOISTURE ASH VOL. MATTER SULPHUR NCV (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min 2004 8.8 6.6 13.3 10.5 30.4 22.5 0.86 0.39 6 138 6 030 2003 7.8 5.7 14.5 12.8w 25.0 23.6 0.67 0.41 6 176 6 073 2002 7.3 6.8 13.8 11.6 27.7 23.5 0.84 0.32 6 226 6 066 2001 7.4 5.8 13.9 12.7 25.8 24.6 0.81 0.66 6 279 6 044 2000 8.8 6.8 13.7 11.6 25.3 22.6 0.72 0.46 6 318 6005 Required 9% 14.0 10.0 26.0 22.0 0.90 0.70 6 100 6 000 4SIGMA Ove ARUP: Coal Storage in Port Louis Harbour. EIA. January 1998. The results of Table 3.5.1.1 call for the following remarks: * The range of values is indicated: the actual statistical distribution cannot be inferred from the 'batch' results that have been communicated; no information is available as to how well the samples analysed are representative of a batch * In general, the moisture content, ash content, sulphur content and NCV are well contained within the initial as-received requirements set out for coal imports • Of importance for atmospheric pollution, the S-content varies from 0.32% for a batch of 44 492 tons received in 2002 from the Anker Coast Company to a maximum of 0.86% from the same company in 2004. For the purpose of establishing the Thermal Efficiency, the "design" coal characteristics adopted by the boiler manufacturers are as per Table 3.5.1.2. Table 3.5.1.2: 'Design' Coal Characteristic UNIT Maximum Average Minimum Humidity (Gross) % 14 10 7 Ash (Gross) % 16 14 7 Volatile Matter (Gross) % 30 23 20 Sulphur (Gross) % 1.3 1 Swelling Index 1.5 1 0 LCV kJ/kg 29 800 25 500 23 000 For the same purposes, typical analysis of coal constituents (by weight) has been assumed as per Table 3.5.1.3. Table 3.5.1.3: Typical Analysis of Coal Constituents (% by weight) Constituents UNIT Dry Basis As Fired Carbon C % 70.50 63.85 Hydrogen H2 % 3.00 2.70 Oxygen 02 % 8.50 7.65 Nitrogen N2 % 1.50 1.35 Sulphur S % 0.50 0.45 Chlorine Cl2 % 0.20 0.18 Ash % 15.55 14.00 Moisture % - 10.00 3.5.2 Strategic Storage Facility A strategic storage of 19 000 tons of coal representing one month's consumption, will be provided to feed the plant in the event of prolonged shortage from the South African supplier. The Site coal storage area required will be of the order of 7 600 m2, based upon: Tonnage of stored coal: 19 000 ton Typical loose-density: 1 .OOt/m3 Loose stacking heights: <4.Om The strategic coal storage area, as described by the Proponent, will be of the totally enclosed type to shield the coal from: . Rain, and therefore limit increased moisture and risks of spontaneous ignition, runoff, seepage and acid and heavy metal leaching into the ground water * Wind, and therefore, limit fugitive dust emissions In particular the following measures will be incorporated in the construction of the strategic coal storage: . the coal shall be laid to the stockpile in layers not thicker than 500mm and each layer will be compacted by means of a roller * the final layer of compacted coal shall be impermeably covered by a layer of 300mm of top-soil . the sides shall be sloped to an angle of repose of 300/400 and covered with a plastic sheeting itself topped up with vegetated earth 3.5.3 Fighting Fires to Environment The Proponent have made provision for the implementation of a ring main type fire fighting network with hydrants at a distance of not more than 200 metres. The main buildings shall be equipped with a 'piping dry riser' enabling the supply of water at all levels of these buildings. The bagasse storage will be equipped with two hydrants located at each entrance of the store. A water storage reservoir of 900 m3 will be provided to supply the fire-fighting system via an electro-pump with a capacity of 180 m3/h(at 8 bars) and a diesel pump of the same capacity and pressure as back up. Fire and smoke detection devices will be located in sensible areas and adequate protection systems will be installed. 3.5.4 In-situ Coal Handling at Reception Coal will be hauled from the Coal Terminal in Port-Louis by means of Lorries and totally closed trailers to eliminate fugitive dust, in all respect similar to those presently hauling coal to the CTBV Power Station at Belle-Vue. The trailers will be weighed upon arrival before discharging the coal of granulometry ranging from 0 to 100mm typically on a reception platform which will consist of: * a coal hopper/tipper system for discharging the coal from in-coming trucks * a conveyer to feed the coal from the hopper to the conditioning unit The coal reception unit will be located inside a roofed and walled enclosure to abate the propagation of airborne dust. A coal handling diagram is shown in Figure 3.5.4.1. 3.5.5 Coal Conditioning Unit The raw coal needs to be conditioned before being fed to the furnace. The conditioning unit which will be fed from an hopper, will consist of: --z= B z + --7 + etal detector Magnetic Iron COAL SILO Crusher /Screen Over band 1500T_ Screw 0/25 A HOP R - . -Reception Weightometer -- $ Station .I F Coal Stock 19,000 T COMPAGNIE THERMIQUE DE SAVANNAH Ltd. Construction & Operation of a 83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Plant at Savannah Figure 3.5.4.1 - Coal Handling Diagram Date June 2005 . a roll crusher of the toothed type, design to avoid the generation of fines (<< 5mm), with a nominal crushing capacity of 45t/h, for coal granulometry ranging between 25 and 80mm * a screen, of the double-deck type, of capacity 1 60t/h, with a first deck aperture of 80mm and a second deck aperture of 25mm The coal passing through the screen will have a grain size that will not exceed 25mm, as suitable for a spreader stoker furnace. An overhand iron magnet will be located at a convenient place along the coal conveying circuit for the removal of iron scraps that could be present in the coal. The unloading platform and the conditioning unit will be located inside a roofed and walled enclosure. The crushed and sieved coal will then be lifted by hooded conveyer belts to either the boiler day- bins, or to a reinforced concrete 1500 ton coal silo located outside the Plant. The silo will be fitted with a screw lift that will deliver coal to a hooded conveyor belt feeding the furnace day-hoppers of 300 ton capacity. 3.5.6 Coal Combustion Products: characteristics, handling, disposal 3.5.6.1 Coal Combustion Products The extent to which ash and other types of coal combustion products (CCP) occur, for non- pulverized coal for the spreader unit to be installed at Savannah should be, according to the Designer: * Fly Ash: 20% of the 'as fired' Ash Content of the coal * Slag: 80% of the 'as fired' Ash Content of the coal The characteristics of the CCP's and other data concerning them are tabulated below: Table 3.5.6.1.1: Types of CCP and their Characteristics CCP Characteristics Texture Typical weight Major constituents (%/ coal) Fly Ash Non-combustible particulate Powdery, silt-like 3% Primary: SiO2 matter removed from stack gases Secondary: A1203 Bottom Ash Material collected in dry-bottom Sand-like 0% Tertiary: Fe2O3 boilers, heavier than fly ash Trace: P205, TiO2, Na20, Slag*5 Material collected in wet-bottom Glassy, angular TcO K 20, T- S NaO boilers or cyclone units particles 12% 2°.SO3. The daily productions of CCP's can be worked out from knowledge of the weight of coal burnt at the Plant. 5 Note: The Spreader-stoker to be installed by CTSav will be of the wet-bottom type and only slag will therefore be produced. 3.5.6.2 Fly Ash From the foregoing and assuming that the stack gases emitted per ton of combusted coal typically produces about 10 000 Nm3 flue gases, the concentration of fly ash in the flue gases would be of the order of 3gm/Nm3, which exceeds maximum permissible limits and imposes the necessity for PM filtering. The ash handling diagram is shown in Figure 3.5.6.2. 1. In consequence, an electrostatic precipitator will be fitted to the CTSav power plant stack to limit PM emissions to only PM,0 to the permissible concentrations, i.e. 150mg/Nm3. The analytical composition of the fly ash is typically SiO2 + A1203 < 85% by weight. 3.5.6.3 Slag Fumace slag, of coarser granulometry, will be collected by means of a conveyor belt that will run through a trough to quench the hot ash. After quenching, the ash will fall on to another conveyor that will lift it to a hopper where it will fill closed containers for ultimate disposal. The annual tonnage of slag may be inferred from the annual tonnage of coal burnt. 3.5.6.4 Flue Gases Characteristics Flue gas emission rates are estimated hereunder for Coal (South African origin) burnt at a maximum nominal rate of 18.76 tons/h per boiler (i.e. at 37.52 tons/h for both boilers). Hourly, daily and annual emissions will obviously depend upon the actual operation as stipulated in the PPA. The Proponent has submitted on average, 4400 hours per annum and the annual atmospheric emissions will therefore be computed on that basis. But the hourly and daily averages will have to be computed for both units under full steady load. Table 3.5.6.4.1: Typical Flue Gas Emissions from Coal at Full Steady Load Exhaust Components Emission Factor Activity Factor Emission for one Emission for tw4 boiler (kg/h) boilers (kg/h) TSP (with ESP) 50**mg/Nm3 164 360 Nm3/h 8.218 16.436 PMIO (as dry filterable dust) 50mg/Nm3 164 360 Nm3/h 8.218 16.436 CO2 pertoncoal@73.3%C 4 084kg/ton 18 760kg/h 76 615.840 153 231.68 CO (dry ( 15 vol% 02) 100 mg/Nm3 164 360 Nm3/h 16.460 32 920 SO,, as SO2 <0.6% S content 1 368 mg/Nm3 164 360 Nm3/h 225f6 450 NO, as NO2 (dry @ 15 vol% 02) 650mg/Nm3 164 360 Nm3/h 106.834 213.668 VOC 0.025kg/ton 18 760kg/h 0.469 0.938 Fluorides 0.075kg/ton 18 760kg/h 1.407 2.814 HCI 0.600kg/ton 18 760kg/h 11.256 22.512 Pb 0.00021kg/ton 18 760kg/h 0.004 0.008 PCDD & PCDF (max) 0.014 ng/Nm3 164 360 Nm3/h 2.301x 10-9 4.602x 10- Exhaust ias (for one boiler) - mass flow 217 900kg/h - volume flow (0°C, 101.3kPa) 164 360Nm3/h - temperature (d 100 C) 1350C 6 It is assumed that all S present in the coal is incorporated into SOx although it has been reported that about 10% of S present in the coal re appears in the ash. ELECTROSTATIC FiLTER Mechunicol Duster Economser Screw No 2 rOrr COMPAGNIEE THIERMIQUE DE SAVANNAH Ltd. Construction & Operation of a 83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Plant at Savannah CFigure 3.5.6.2.1 - Ash Handling Diagam Dat June 2005 The following rates, communicated by the Promoter have been used to arrive at the atmospheric emission rates of Table 3.5.6.4.1, for the CTSav power plant. Table 3.5.6.4.2: Operational and emission data communicated by the Proponent Bagasse Coal MCR (kg/h) 156 000 37 520 Full Load (MWh) 83.00 83.00 Gross fuel/power ratio at MCR 1.88 kg/kWh 0.45 kg/kWh Net fuel/power ratio (from Promoter) 2.62 kg/kWh 0.63 kg/kWh Stack gas emission rates (Nm3/h) 608 540 Nm3/h 328 720 Nm3/h C02 emissions (from Promoter) C-content 24% 73.3% per kWh 2 518 gm C02/kWh 1 518 gm CO2/kWh per kg fuel 1 339 gm C02/kg 4 084 gm C02/kg per Nm3 343 gm C02/Nm3 466 gm C02/Nm3 S02 emissions (from Promoter) S-content 0.015% 0.60% per kWh 0.522 gm S02/kWh 4.88 gm S02/kWh per kg fuel 0.278 gm S02/kg*7 10.8 gm S02/kg per Nm3 0.0777 gm S02/Nm3 1368gm S02/Nm3 The PCDD & PCDF (Dioxine and Furane) emission rates are the maximum rates measured at CTBR, Reunion Island. Values communicated on the 25 February 2005 concerning the coal-fired operation at CTBR are: * Minimum PCDD & PCDF: 0.001ng/m3; Maximum PCDD & PCDF: 0.014ng/m3. The maximum value has been retained for the purpose of the EIA. Expressed as per Nm3, the pollutant concentrations in the flues gases from the CTSav power plant, when fired by coal, are as per Table 3.5.6.4.3. Table 3.5.6.4.3: Typical Flue Gas Emissions per Nm3 (for coal) POLLUTANTS Emission Rates PM 50mg/Nm3 NOx 650mg/Nm3 CO2 466g/Nm3 CO*" 100 mg/Nm3 SOx 1 368mg/Nm3 PCDD/PCDF 0.0 14 ng/Nm3 7By stoichiometry, 8 The actual rate of emission of CO will depend upon the efficiency of the combustion process and of the injection of adequate secondary and tertiary combustion air into the furnace. These emission rates will be used for the computation of the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants by means of US EPA approved numerical model ISCST3 pending the release of the more recent AERMOD code. With all the usual reserves that must be made concerning the accuracy of the results. 3.6 Bagasse Supply and Management 3.6.1 Origin of Bagasse In accordance with the provisions of the PPA, the Savannah sugar mill will guarantee the crushing of an annual cane supply of 1 200 000 tons. At horizon 2007, when the neighbouring sugar mills of Riche-en-Eau and Mon Tresor - Mon Desert (MT-MD) will have closed down, all the canes from these factory areas will be milled by Savannah. Estimates (details in Appendix D hereto) of cane cultivation, harvest and yields within the factory areas centralised of SUDS, indicate an average annual cane tonnage of 1 169 313. To meet the I 200 000 tons per annum target set out in the PPA, SUDS will import the difference from the Union St-Aubin factory area whenever necessary. 3.6.2 Characteristics of Bagasse The physical and chemical characteristics of Bagasse from Savannah mill are as per Table 3.6.2.1 below. These characteristic values have been used for design purposes. Table 3.6.2.1: Characteristics of Bagasse from the Savannah Mill UNITS VALUES Carbon % 24.95 Hydrogen % 3.09 Sulphur % 0.01 Nitrogen % 0.14 Oxygen % 21.85 Moisture % 48 - 52 Ash % 1.97 Sugar content (average) % 1.50 Gross Calorific Value kJ/kg 9 772 Net Calorific Value kJ/kg 7 750 Bulk density kg/m3 100-150 3.6.3 Bagasse Combustion Products: characteristics, handling, disposal 3.6.3.1 Bagasse Combustion Products The extent to which ash and other types of bagasse combustion products (BCP) occur, should be, according to the Designer: * Total Fly Ash: -5.25% by weight of dry bagasse * Bottom Ash: - 0.39% by weight of dry bagasse The characteristics of the BCP's and other data concerning them are tabulated below: Table 3.6.3.1.1: Types of BCP and their Characteristics CCP Characteristics Texture Typical weight Major constituents (% dry baasse) Fly Ash Non-combustible particulate Powdery, silt-like 5.25% Primary: SiO2 _ matter removed from stack gases Secondary: A1203 Bottom Ash Material collected in dry-bottom Sand-like 0.39% Tertiary: Fe2O3 boilers, heavier than fly ash ________Trace: P205, TiO,, Na2O, Slag* Material collected in wet-bottom Glassy, angular 0% K20, CaO, MgO, MnO3, boilers or cyclone units particles ... , aO,4 A bagasse handling diagram is shown in Figure 3.6.3.1.1 3.6.3.2 Fly Ash From the foregoing for one boiler using bagasse as combustible, the following data are pertinent: the stack gas emission rate will be 319 000 Nm3/h the ESP controlled PM1O emission rate will be 35mg/Nm3/h the gross fly ash emission rate will be 2.7% by weight on wet bagasse * the gross wet bagasse burning rate will be 78 800kg/h The fly ash trapped at the ESP will therefore represent about 50 794kg/d. Hence for the two boilers, the total fly ash trapped at the ESP is 101 588kg/d. The analytical composition of the fly ash is typically SiO2 + A1203 + Fe203. At present, the major part of the fly ash is intercepted by the wet scrubber that equips the stack and is unloaded in the cane fields. 3.6.3.3 Bottom Ash Boiler bottom ash, of coarser granulometry, will be collected by means of a conveyor belt that will run through a trough to quench the hot ash. After quenching, the ash will fall on to another conveyor that will lift it to a hopper where it will fill closed containers for ultimate disposal. The daily tonnage of boiler bottom ash may be inferred from the tonnage of bagasse burnt in the future plant, namely 78 800 kg/h and the monitoring carried out at the existing Savannah sugar factory, namely about 0.4% by weight of dry bagasse or 0.2% on wet bagasse. The daily production rate of boiler bottom ash will therefore be of the order of 7 564 kg/d for both boilers. UE st B DOUBLE HALF PORTAL CHUTE e RECLAIMER VES BCBI ILJOES GAT BC4 SUGAR EPC MILLV- LAST MILL IN TRAIN TO CYCLONE SEPARATOR N BAGASSE STORAGE " U - !- L n T r T n F \KCOWDAGNIE llRFMIQUIE -t 'N, 14- DE SAVANNAH LtL I I IBC21 I I I I _ 83 MW Coal/Baguse-Fired Power Plant 1BC - Figure 3.6.3.1.1 - Begap. Handli4Diagm BCS O Date ue2005 AT i;jki BC Bagasse conveyor - - T 0 SiNC A TC Trough chain CHr rA ir Ia BASSEHANDIQN DIESAVAMAH OM Overbond magnet BAGASSE HANDLING DIAGRAM BW :Bagasse weightometers - - k Umit of supplying - ,i,w r Adst *Y k( 'MI .Mh. A O .... 'r-j. A094TA00O5 3.6.3.4 Flue Gases Characteristics Flue gas emission rates are estimated hereunder for cane bagasse burnt at a maximum nominal rate of 78.8 tons/h for one boiler (i.e. 1 57.6tons for 2 boilers). Daily and annual emissions will obviously depend upon the actual operation as stipulated in the PPA. The Proponent has submitted on average, 3 600 hours per annum and the annual atmospheric emissions will therefore be computed on that basis. Table 3.6.3.4.1: Typical Flue Gas Emissions from Bagasse at Full Steady Load. Exhaust Components Emission Factor Activity Factor Emission for one Emission for 2 boiler (kg/h) boilers (kg/h) TSP (with ESP) 100 mg/Nm3 304 270Nm3/h 30.427 60.854 PM1O (as dry filterable dust) 100 mg/Nm3 304 270Nm3/h 30.427 60.854 CO2 (@ 25%C) 343 gm/Nm3 304 270Nm3/h 104 364.610 208 729.22 CO (dry @ 15 vol% 02) 4.8 mg/ Nm3 304 270Nm3/h 1 461 2 922 SOX as SO2 <0.0 15% S content 77.69 mg/Nm3 304 270Nm3/h 23.64 47.28 NO, as NO2 (dry @ 15 Vol% 02) 306 mg/Nm3 304 270Nm3/h 93.1069 186.214 VOC 476 mg/ Nm3 304 270Nm3/h 144.835 289.67 Fluorides HCI 0.547 mg/ Nm3 304 270Nm3/h 0.166 0.332 Pb 0.003 mg/Nm3 304 270Nm3/h 0.912x 10-3 1.824x 10-3 PCDD/PCDF 0.10 ng/Nm3 304 270 Nm3/h 0.030 x 10-9 0.060 x 10i9 Exhaust aas (for one boiler) - mass flow 372 700kg/h - volume flow (0°C, 101.3kPa) 304 270Nm3/h - temperature (: 1 0° C) 1600C The PCDD & PCDF (Dioxine and Furane) emission rates are the maximum rates measured at CTBR, Rdunion Island. Values communicated on the 25 February 2005 concerning the bagasse- fired operation at CTBR are: Minimum PCDD & PCDF: 0.004ng/m3; Maximum PCDD & PCDF: 0.01 Ong/m3. The maximum value has been retained for the purpose of the EIA. Expressed as per Nm3, the pollutant concentrations in the flues gases from the CTSav power plant are as per Table 3.5.6.4.2.Table 3.5.6.4.2: Typical Flue Gas Emissions per Nm3 POLLUTANTS Emission Rates PM 100 mg/Nm3 NOx 306 mg/Nm3 CO2 343 gm/Nm3 CO__ _ 4.8 mg/Nm3 SO2 77.69 mg/Nm3 PCDD/PCDF 0.10 ng/Nm3 9 The actual rate of emission of CO will depend upon the efficiency of the combustion process and of the injection of adequate secondary and tertiary combustion air into the furnace. These emission rates will be used for the computation of the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants by means of US EPA approved numerical model ISCST3. 3.7 Project Infrastructure 3.7.1 Power Plant Access Access to the Power Plant Site will be via the paved (tarred) entrance to the Sugar Factory, off the B8 Main Road. In particular, the coal lorries from the Coal Terminal in Port-Louis Harbour will travel along the Port-Louis / Plaine-Magnien Motorway, which they will leave at the L'Escalier- Souillac Roundabout, to follow a newly implemented road down to the junction with the B8 Main Road. The route of the coal lorries is shown in Figure 3.7.1.1. 3.7.2 Lorry Cleaning Facilities It will be recalled that all Lorries leaving the Coal Terminal in Port-Louis'° are deemed to go through cleaning facilities, which consist of a water-filled dip of sufficient dimensions to ensure the removal of coal particles adhering to the wheels. A stretch of paved road is available between the vehicle cleaning pit and the public highway, so that remaining debris are dropped over the compound. Similar provisions will be made on Site to prevent contamination of Public Roads with coal dust. 3.7.3 Peripheral Drain A peripheral drain will be constructed around the coal unloading and processing facilities. This drain will receive rain-induced run-offs or plant floor washings contaminated with coal dust and spilled hydrocarbons (lube oils, hydraulic fluid,). It will be of the concrete-type, to an appropriate width and depth, which will: * incorporate a hydrocarbon separator * allow a Backhoe-type of loader to clean it free, from time to time, of accumulated coal particles and dust * provide a buffer storage to rainfall of 20 years return period (about 57 mrn/h) * flow into sedimentation ponds where it may be treated before re-use or safe discharge into the environment 3.7.4 Settling Ponds Surface run off and plant floor washings collected by the peripheral drain will be sent to settling ponds after going through the hydrocarbon separator. The settling ponds will be provided in a configuration to remove coal particles and other suspended solids from the water before discharge or re-use. '° SIGMA Ove ARUP & Partners: Coal Storage in Port-Louis Harbour. EIA January 1998. COMPAGNIE THERMIQUE DE SAVANNAH Ltd. Construction & Operation of a 83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Plant at Savannah N PJVIERE- >. ,-lX Jb - 4as, -'' , D --REMPAR TAM oPPLEMOUS--'ES; ' -- 'r L r> X-S MI MOTOPWAYFLC nds~~ COAjLROIiT.E , r '. PL-NE WLHEMS - - ,1 4 BLACK RIVER< GADPR 17-j Figure 3.7. 1. I - Coal Route Scgc 1:300 000 Dat Jun 2005 Job No. 2436 S .G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Partners Assocated Consulflng Engin"s 19 CJLxh1 Std - PW Lois - Mao- fl TeL. 212 3734/5 212 0962 212 2145 Fax (230)208 0375 3.8 Project Water Requirements Project water demand will arise for Power Plant process and Staff pot. 3.8.1 CTSav Process Water Requirements Process water requirements and source of supply are detailed hereun Table 3.8.1.1: Process Water Requirements and S PROCESS WATER In-flow Rate SOURCE of SUPrL X Cooling Tower evaporation make-up water 220m3/h Savannah & MT-MD Boiler blow-down make-up water Sm3/h - ditto - Demineralization plant regeneration water 3m3/h - ditto - 3 Cooling Tower blow-down make-up water 70m lh - ditto - TOTAL In-flow Rate 300 m /h Process water requirements (300 m3/h or 84 t/s or 3 ft3/s) will be partly met by water from the water rights accruing to Savannah SE on the neighbouring water courses, and MTMD. Reference is made to the water resources analysis detailed in Appendix E hereto. 3.8.2 Potable Water Requirements The Central Water Authority, responsible for the production, distribution and sales of potable water in the district, will ensure the supply of potable water of the order of 2-3 m3/d. 3.9 Waste Water from CTSav 3.9.1 Power Station Process Effluent 3.9.1.1 Origin and Production Rates With reference to Flow Diagram in Figure 3.9.1.1.1 the sources of process effluents from the CTSav Power Station and their indicative rates of generation will, a priori, be as detailed below Table 3.9.1.1.1: Rates of Production of Effluents from Power Station PROCESS WATER In-flow Rate POLLUTION Backwash Filters 1.7 m3/h Suspended matter Boiler blow-down 5-6 mr/h Chemical Demineralization plant regeneration water 1-2 m3/h Chemical Cooling Tower blow-down through coal & ash unit 70 0 Mr/h Chemical & suspended matter Demineralisation Plant 1-2 m3/h Chemical TOTAL Rate 78 - 87 m3/h Chemical & suspended matter The flows stated in Table 3.9.1. 1.1 are indicative of maximum flows, but will understandably vary according to: * rainfall regime * actual level of power generation which as per PPA will vary with CEB consumer call 3.9.1.2 Quality of Process Effluent Components Each of the components of the Process effluents will have its own physico-chemical composition. However, as can be appraised from the effluent flow diagram of Figure 3.9.1.1.1, all these components will merge into a single flux as is presently the case at Centrale Thermique de Belle- Vue (CTBV), which is also a coal cum bagasse fired power plant of 60MWE. It appears convenient therefore to refer to the results of the physico-chemical analysis of the final effluents at CBV, in Table 3.9.1.2.1, data communicated by the Proponent. Table 3.9.1.2.1: Quality of Effluents Physico-Chemical Composition UNITS EFuents pH 9.49 P.Free Alkalinity 30 TDS mle 479 Colour Pt.Co 149 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l trace Conductivity jS/cm 633 Chloride mg/e 99.1 Total Suspended Solids mg/C 20 Reactive Phosphorous mg/C 2.91 Sulphates mg/C 41 Nitrates / Nitrogen mg1e 2.5 Total Chromium mg// Nil Hexavalent Chromium mg/C Nil Anionic Detergents mg/C Oil in water mg/e Nil Nitrite mg/t Nil Aluminium mg/C Nil Copper mglf Nil Nickel mg/C Nil Iron mgl/ Nil Zinc mg/C 0.01 Temperature _ C Turbidity NTU 23 Phosphate mg/C 3.9.1.3 Disposal of Power Station Process Effluent The process effluents will be disposed of as irrigation water injected in the Savannah S.E. irrigation network, via a settling tank, where all suspended solids will be retrieved after settling. RAIN WATER PROCESS WATER UTILITY WATER WASHING WATER AERTO CNTNUUS 70SOaI _ 0 _ _ _ _ _ pH APMbN Sted -CXOND1T0NING --IRmCTSA -B70,mDCh DEPMINERAL Q=1-2msih / FLEIQCiO =O-Wh PLANT FIELD BLWDW A=5 ,TORh CONTINUOUS 70-80mn/h BSEm^^pOND - UloNs D SAVANNAH Ld Bon M"O/, / PW C a00o/anFT o Plant atQud y aampaing COAL AND ASH RAIN WTRRINWATER varabhl e -7 ADIOUITHANDLINGAREA CLEAN AlRBA- Fu 3.varabble 70m/h+ DBO,DCO i aXcnUClSl PDOML| IISkIOWER|--- ICONIIRO ROOMIII IWAillGHOUSE I a ' ' | / \ }COMlDAGNle TMlRMQUJE / ~83 MW Coal/Bapsse-Fired Povwer Plant Figure 3.9. 1 .1.1 - Walbr D¢mcgD Digrm 3.9.2 Domestic Effluents 3.9.2.1 Quality and Rate of Production The domestic effluents will originate from the use of the potable water by the personnel employed in the power plant. The quality of the effluents is detailed in Table 3.9.2.1.1. The production rate may not exceed 2 to 3m3/d. 3.9.2.2 Treatment and Disposal The treatment process proposed is a septic tank for 48h retention and a leaching field as detailed in Appendix G hereto. 3.10 Generation of Process Wastes 3.10.1 Hydrocarbon Wastes 3.10.1.1 Production Rates Only small quantities of hydrocarbon wastes can be expected, namely: - Used lube oil: 20m3p. a. - Hydraulic fluid: 1 m3 p. a. 3.10.1.2 Disposal They will be collected and stored in closed containers in waiting for burning on the site in the boiler furnace. 3.10.2 Solid Wastes 3.10.2.1 Fly Ash 3.10.2.1.1 Production Rate Fly ash production is estimated below in function of production rates and combustible tonnage described in the foregoing. Combustible Tons/year Fly Ash rate Total Coal 165 088 - 3.0% by weight 4 953 t/year Bagasse (wet) 567 360 - 2.7% by weight 15 319 t/year TOTAL Fly Ash 20 272 t/year 3.10.2.1.2 Disposal of Fly Ash Flay ash can be conveniently and economically disposed of as a supplement to Portland cement in concrete batching. This may result from the physical and chemical characteristics, added to greater resistance to chemical attacks, and in improved workability. The re-cycling of fly ash confers economic value to that by-product that could be commercially competitive in uses ranging from highway/civil engineering applications, to agricultural applications. 3.10.2.2 Slag 3.10.2.2.1 Production Rate Slag production rate can be estimated at about 1 1% by weight on coal. So that - 18 160 tons can be expected per year. 3.10.2.2.2 Disposal of Slag Slag can be conveniently and economically disposed of in highway/civil engineering applications due to its physical and chemical characteristics and resistance to chemical attacks. The above remarks made above for fly ash also apply for slag. 3.10.2.3 Boiler Bottom Ash Boiler bottom ash production is estimated below in function of production rates and bagasse tonnage described in the foregoing. Combustible Tons/year Bottom Ash rate Total Bagasse (wet) 567 360 - 0.2% by weight 1 135 t/year TOTAL BottomAsh 1 135 t/year Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment Chapter 4: Built Environment of the Project 4.1 Demography 4.1.1 General The population of Mauritius, according to the Ministry of Economic Planning and Development (MEPD), was estimated at 1 077 946 in June 1994. Salient features of the Mauritius Demography are: a consistent decline in growth rate from 3.12% p.a. in the 1952-1962 inter-censal period, to about 1% at present and was expected to grow at 1.13% p.a. to reach 1 140 000 in 1999 (MEPD) * a Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) that has dropped from 1.72 in 1972 to 1.00 in 19871! and is expected to remain at about 1. 1 up to 2000 (MEPD) * a sex composition of the population, that, from a slight excess of males over females in 1972, has reversed in 1983, to reach almost equality in 1994 4.1.2 Regional Settlement & Population The resident population distribution around the Project Site, as it was in 1991 according to the Census, is given in Table 4.1.2.1 hereunder. The present 2002 resident populations must be estimated using the growth rates stated above. Table 4.1.2.1: Population and dwelling distribution in the vicinity of the Project Site LOCALITIES Population Households Housing Units Location Souillac VCA 3 591 873 839 Riviere-des Anguilles VCA 8 180 1 907 1 693 L'Escalier VCA 3 462 713 624 1.0 km due W Camp Diable VCA 3 599 736 619 5.0 km due W Mare Tabac VCA 2 226 432 391 5.5 km due NW Trois Boutiques VCA 5 190 1 098 1 043 2.5 km due NE Surinam VCA 7 904 1 830 1 637 Around Batimarais & Bdnares 3 182 696 671 5.0 km due W Around Bel-Air & St-Aubin 2 260 498 494 Around La Baraque & Savinia 560 122 125 <1.0 km due S TOTAL 29 139 6639 6 083 The largest settlement closest to the proposed power station site is L'Escalier, with a Health centre, a community Centre, mosques, temples and a church. " National Physical Development Plan - NPDP 1988. There is at least one major land development or morcellement that has been implemented close to Souillac after the aforesaid population census, namely: The Union S.E. morcellement, E of Souillac and due SW of the Power Plant, with 370 plots occupying about 48 arpents as part of the 1 200 arpents granted under the Sugar Efficiency Act 4.2 Tourism & para-touristic activities The Tourism Industry, one of the major economic resources of the Island with over 600 000 arrivals each year, is less present on the South Coast, probably too exposed to SE Trade Winds and lacking the attractive lagoons of the W, N and E. Development in the field of regional tourism is planned by the Bel Air - St Felix Sugar Estate, probably in terms of a Golf Course with a Golf Lodge, due W of the proposed power station. However, peripheral tourist activity activities exist in the region and would include inter alia: * The St-Aubin restaurant or table d'h6te, in the typical colonial residence of the former administrator of the St-Aubin Estate, and it is a 'stop' in the so-called La Route du The circuit proposed to tourists * La Vanille Crocodile Park along river Gros Ruisseau, some 7.5km due WSW of the intended Power Plant. The Park hosts and breeds crocodiles of course (for their hide), giant Aldabra tortoises, local deer and wild boars, donkeys, and other domestic species. It also hosts certain endemic floral species that are specially protected by the owner a 'La Nef Museum in memory of poet Robert Edward HART at Souillac. 4.3 Regional Public Beaches and Recreational Sites 4.3.1 Public Beaches The main proclaimed Public Beaches, are: * Le Gris-Gris public beach, immediately E of Souillac, due SSE of the Power Station * Pomponette public beach situate beyond Souillac Other beaches, not proclaimed Public Beaches, also exist along the coast. 4.3.2 Recreational Sites The main recreational sites are: * The Port-Souillac quays, at the estuary of River Savanne, where the sailing ships of old previously used to berth, have been reinstated and host 'Le Batelage', a restaurant and reception hall * The sports ground at Souillac 4.4 Regional Industrial Activity 4.4.1 The Sugar Industry Industrial activity in the area is dominated by cane sugar protection, centered on La Baraque sugar factory near which the proposed Power Station is to be implemented. Further ENE, about 5km, Mon Tresor-Mon Desert sugar factory (-107 t/h crushing rate) is due to cease operation in October 2002, when, as exposed in the foregoing, all the canes within the MT-MD factory area will be processed by La Baraque. At - 9km due WSW, the Union St-Aubin sugar factory is in actual operation, having processed 421 588 tons of cane in 2003 at a crushing rate of - 150t/h. Union St-Aubin sugar factoiy is not scheduled to close down, at least at short/medium term. In fact, any shortage of cane at La Baraque relative to PPA stipulations, will be imported to La Baraque to enable CTSav to meets its bagasse targets. Seasonal atmospheric emissions from the Union St-Aubin sugar factory will have to be taken into consideration concurrently with those of the CTSav power station. The La Baraque sugar factory has the following characteristics'2: * Cane crushing rate: 144 t/h, and 447 838 tons for the 2003 crop * Crop season factory water requirements: 253m3/h to be reduced to 153 m3/h with the implementation of a cooling tower, from Bassin Canon (100 m3/h) and Joli-Bois (153 m3/h) * Off-crop factory water requirements: I OOm31h estimated from Bassin Canon * Process water input: 400m3/h (dry season flows) to 600m3/h (normal flows) based upon water rights from rivers du Poste at Joli-Bois and La Sourdine, Tabac at Bassin Canon, St-Amand and Ruisseau Vinay * Stack height: 30m * Stack diameter: 3.65m When the proposed power generation is implemented, La Baraque sugar factory will cease running its bagasse-fired steam plant and will receive the necessary steam at the pressure and temperature required for sugar boiling from the turbines of the CTSav power plant. 4.4.2 Power Generation at Compagnie Thermique du Sud (CTDS) CTDS is presently implementing a 34.5MW coal-fired power plant at Union St-Aubin. This power station has received environmental clearance and it has been the object of a detailed analysis 3. Its annual atmospheric emissions will also have to be taken into consideration concurrently with those of the CTSav power station and the Union St-Aubin sugar factory. 12 Communicated by M R. RIVALLAND and M Guy MAUREL, of Union St-Aubin, '3 Compagnie Thermique du Sud (CTDS) Co.Ltd.: Construction & Operation of a 34.5 MWcoal-firedpowerplant at Union St-Aubin. EIA December 2003. SIGMA - Ove Arup & Partners Consulting Engineers. 4.4.3 Poultry Farming Poultry farms are in operation at: • Terracine, about 5.5km due W of the proposed plant * St-Aubin, about 4.25km due WNW of Site * Savannah, about 3.0km due WSW of SUDS power plant 4.4.4 Monkey Breeding A monkey breeding unit exists at Senneville, about 8Km due W of the Project Site, where monkeys are bred for exportation, under strict health constraints, for laboratory experimentation. 4.5 Historical Sites The zone running from Blue-Bay to Baie-du-Cap, inclusive of Surinam, Souillac and Bel-Ombre is referred to as South Coast Heritage Zone'4 and is the object of Policy TM3: South Coast Heritage Zone and South West Nature Zone. The Old French Cemetery of Souillac is undoubtedly the major historical landmark of the region. This relic of the French Presence in the Isle of France, it is already in a state in need of maintenance. 4.6 Public Utilities 4.6.1 Domestic Water supply The domestic water supply system forms part of the Southern District Water System, which is the responsibility of the Central Water Authority. The Site lies within the Nouvelle France / Savanne Sub-System, part of which is illustrated in Figure 4.6.1.1 hereafter. The system is headed by the Malakoff Reservoir (TWL 119.1 7m AMSL - capacity 680m3) via 225mm cast iron pipes. 4.6.2 Electricity Supply The supply of electricity in Mauritius is the responsibility of the Central Electricity Board (CEB). The CEB's Production, Distribution and Expansion policies are reviewed hereunder 14 Government of Mauritius, Ministry of Housing and Lands. Review of the NPDP. Drafi Final Report. Volume 1. Development Strategy and Policies. November 2002. HALCROW Group Ltd. i'?M Buis 0 y50LC i . <\ hAL AKOF F iEli 119 1 . {' XCA c.vr f.^n', 0in p 'f T Dt 'r,4Qre ary ., . Savannah S.F. Savannah Power Plant '\ " i"''" COMPAGNIE THERMIQUE DE SAVANNAH Ltd. . P .Construction & Operation of a G.,, * A83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Plant at Savannah Figure 4.6.1.1 - Potable Water Netwoik S..le 1:15 000 Date June 2005 Job No. 2436 S.l.G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Partners Associated Consulting Engineers .19ChwtthShS - Port Louis'- MasUe Tal. 212 3734/5 212 0962 212 2146 Fax (230)208 0375 4.6.2.1 Production Policy The CEB production expansion policy is based upon a demand forecast that is described in detail in the CEB's Integrated Electricity Plan 2003-2012. The probable forecast elements are summarised in Table 4.6.2.1.1 below. Table 4.6.2.1.1: Summary of Probable Forecast Elements YEAR Gross Generation Requirements System Capacity Energy (GWh) Growth Rate (%) Power (MW) Growth Rate (%) 2002 1 715 319 2007 2 254 5.6 404 4.8 2012 2 727 3.9 484 3.7 4.6.2.2 Power Transmission and Distribution Network The existing electrical power transmission network, as in November 2003, is described schematically in Figure 4.6.2.2.1 borrowed from the aforesaid Integrated Electricity Plan 2003- 2012. It will be up graded to cope with demand growth and the CEB's long-term network development plan is based upon the minimisation of transmission losses. Inasmuch as the CTSav power station is concerned, it will deliver power via a 66kV line to Union Vale. 4.6.3 Telecommunications Telephone and other telecommunications services are the responsibility of Mauritius Telecom. During the recent years, Mauritius Telecom has embarked on an upgrading and extension of the telecommnunication network throughout the island. 4.6.4 Sewer Networks No sewer network exists in the Project Area 4.6.5 Road Infrastructure Access to the Power Plant Site will be off the La Baraque Road B8 as shown in Figure 4.6.5.1. The Site enjoys a straight link with the Port Louis - Mahebourg Motorway. 4.7 Industrial Water 4.7.1 Origin of Industrial Water Industrial water is here meant to be irrigation water, as well as factory water deriving from water rights accruing to Savannah SE and Mon Tresor - Mon Desert as detailed hereunder. G3, G4, GS, G6, G7, GS, GO, GIO, Gil, G12 G1,G2,G3,G4G5 F.Victoria 66kV F.George G3, G4, G,G6 q t0- X 0 2k Belie Vue P/Shi ST.Louis 66kV GI - <]GI, G2l G3 | Vue 66kV k66kV Nicolay 22kV C- 22kV cop 8nk G1, G2 66\kV Amsu-y 66kV La Chaumier e 6\V l 66kV ~Rose Hill \\// //, G1 Henretta 66kV Wooton B.Champ S.E 22kV < 2 > ffi 9 60kV - j < g C ¢} (i \GI, G2 Champagne -- tkV 22kVl , - 4> 6kV Combo () seat UGl CpnCop Bnk Cecile S.E Figure 4.6.2.2.1. Schematic Diagram of Existing Transmission Network, November 2003 Souw: Im nftrad EI F Y tn 2003-2012 - wevonbw 2003 UEscalier-Souillac COMPAGNIE TBERMIQUE DE SAVAN~NAH Ltd. Construction & Operation of a 83 MW Coal/Baasse-Fed Power Plant at Savannah Figure 4.6.5.1 - Access to Site Sc4,ae 1:50 000 Daft June2005 Job No. 2436 SIGMA - Ove Arup & Partners Associated Conuisng Engineer 19 Chu'h Steet- Pad Lain - Maur,lLs Tel. 212 3734d 212 GM6 212 2145 Fax (230)ZD8 0375 4.7.1.1 Savannah Sugar Estate Savannah holds water rights on River du Poste, River Tabac, Rivei These water resources of Savannah and their utilisation, are the Appendix E hereto. During the crop season (145 days on average), priority is given ~y from the aforesaid water rights. At Savannah, irrigation water is also derived from the water righ between the sugar cane fields and the sugar mill. 4.7.1.2 MT-MD Sugar Estate At MTMD, the waters derived from the estate's rights on River La Chaux via Plaisance Canal are solely used for supplying the factory during the crop season, and do not appear to be at all used for irrigation. Irrigation water for the MTMD cane fields are obtained from the local aquifer. 4.7.2 Water Resources 4.7.2.1 Water Rights Water rights are allocated to riparian owners are based on the so-called Normal Flows of the river draining the catchment area within which the estates belonging to the owners are situated. The division of the normal flows is via shares pro rata of the size of the estates. Savannah S.E. occupies the catchment areas of Rivers du Poste, St-Amand and Tabac, whereas, MT-MD occupies that of River La Chaux. Usually, the catchments are not regulated: which means that: * the river flows are directly influenced by the rainfall regime over the catchment • dry season flows almost invariably occur from october to december, i.e. over most of the crop season The 'nominal' availability of water from water rights can therefore be expressed as follows: * Savannah S.E.: < 23 ft3/s or 651f/s, on aggregate off Rivers du Poste, Tabac & St-Amand * MT-MD: < IOft3/s or 283k/s, off River La Chaux via Plaisance Canal 4.7.2.2 Water Availability 4.7.2.2.1 From Savannah Resources The CTSav Power Station being closely associated with the centralised La Baraque Sugar Factory, both will receive process water from Bassin Tronche itself supplied from the Savannah water rights on River du Poste. Sg '..o,, J ., - i s ,. . . -, , , , ,,,, , , ,, ,,11112 I' s S :'i ! * - JIIHIOA 'C,n.Ptu e B r I h ' 0 m n- 'I I O L A *I 6 '2I, ¶ '6 w:A , I' *.- 5 830l " '; -- - ..- *Sam m'ss - -- COMPAGNIE TIIEIlM1QUE - ....DE SAVANAEI Ltd. Conslruction & Operation of a ...83 MW Coa Faired Power Plant at&2varnah Figure 4.7.3.1 - lnutia WsterNetwod& .Scle" S.50F0. Dm04 hlue 20X05 lob No. 2436 S.lG.MA - Ove Anip & Parbies 4,a Dhi Lau 1 Th.Z2212 320212 U22140 Fu(~07 . . - - It is recalled that the combined water requirements of Savannal implementation of a cooling tower to the Sugar Factory and taking ft3/s from CTSav to Savannah, are: Irrigation: 15.5 ft3/s New La Baraque Sugar Factory: 1.5 ft3/s * CTSav: 2.3 ft3/s Total: 19.3 ft3/s The water rights of Savannah S.E. are insufficient to fully satisfy (irrigation + sugar factory): the percentage satisfaction observed in I of 26%, in minimum flow conditions, to 89%, in maximum flow con, Supplying the new 350TCH sugar factory and CTSav, is of course possible, but at the expense of cane field irrigation and consequently, of cane and bagasse yields. 4.7.2.2.2 From MT-MD Resources Those of MT-MD, namely accruing from Plaisance Canal off River La Chaux have been reviewed. In particular, the flows of Plaisance Canal have been gauged on the 1 June 2005 at various locations along its course from the off-take weir on River La Chaux, to its final destination and only use, namely the MT-MD sugar factory. On the 1 June 2005, therefore: * 0.084 m3/s (302 m3/h or 3 ft3/s) were gauged at the MT-MD factory * 0.258 m3/s (928 m3/h or 9.3 ft3/s) at the inlet works. These observations call for the following remarks: (i) upon closing down, the MT-MD factory will no longer need the 302 m3/h it has been receiving so far (ii) Plaisance Canal losses are twice the CTSav water requirements Consequently, and in particular if MT-MD relies entirely on underground water for irrigation, Plaisance Canal, either through its residual flows, or through repairs making good the considerable losses presently incurred, can supply CTSav without prejudice to either MT-MD or Savannah. At the expense of appropriate transfer works from MT-MD to CTSav, of course. A detailed analysis of mean daily flows of River La Chaux at Astroea is given in Appendix E hereto and it shows that the 300m3/h required by CTSav are almost always available. 4.7.3 Industrial Water Network A number of off-take dams have been erected on the aforesaid rivers at which water is diverted pro rata of the homologated water rights referred to the Normal Flow. The off-takes are conveyed either by open canals or pipelines - gravity fed or pumped - to the water right owners. Inasmuch as the La Baraque Sugar Factory is concerned, it will be supplied (300m3/h) from the shares tapped from River du Poste and carried by a gravity pipeline to Bassin Tronche. The MT-MD to Savanah transfer system for the supply of CTSav is not yet consolidated. The off-takes and diversion reticulations are shown in Figure 4.7.3.1. Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment Chapter 5: Natural Environment 5.1 Introduction This Chapter reviews the natural enviromnent of the Project Site not limited to its immediate vicinity. Disturbances to the environment can be described at the extreme in terms of extinction of species or populations; but broader consequences of human-induced impacts occur at the level of ecological systems and processes. Hence these impacts will be described whenever available, with measured baseline data, otherwise with data from numerical models. In preparing this outline, information has been drawn freely from various studies carried out in the vicinity of the Site; these key sources of information are noted in footnotes to the report whenever appropriate. The Project Site will be exposed to weather conditions, namely: . rainfall which will collect on the site, to be possibly loaded with coal dust from the Coal Reception Unit, and which may be acidified by NOx and SOx emissions from the Savannah, Union St-Aubin, MT-MD sugar factories during the crop season, as well as the coal-fired CTDS power station, off crop season • wind, which may disperse atmospheric emissions of pollutants including POP's by the Project, in various directions including sensitive components of the built as well as natural environment A description is given hereunder, of: * the climatic data on Site * the ambient noise level * the proximate and distal natural floral and faunal environment 5.2 Climate Mauritius, in virtue of its situation at latitude 200 S and its modest dimensions (60 Km NS x 45 Km EW), is submitted to a tropical ocean climate characterized by two alternating main seasons: a hot, rainy season from November to May (southern hemisphere summer) * a mild, dry season from June to October (southern hemisphere winter) This climatic regime is heavily biased by the wind regimes and orography, which clearly sets out two sharply-differentiated zones: * the windward zone, to S and SE, well exposed to trade winds • the leeward zone to W, relatively well sheltered from the trade winds The Site is directly exposed to the prevailing east to southeast trade winds. 5.2.1 Rainfall A number of rain gauges exist, not only at Savannah, where the CTSav Power Station will be implemented, but at various locations in the distal and proximal neighbourhood of Savannah, over which the wind-borne atmospheric emissions from the various sugar factory and CTDS and CTSav stacks will eventually propagate. The rain gauge closest to Site would be that of Savannah itself (coded 291365), at 58.Om AMSL, for which the monthly and annual normals for the period 1951-80 are given hereunder15. Table 5.2.1.1: Monthly and Annual Normals (mm) at Savannah (1951-80) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC YEAR 211 210 260 213 159 102 107 76 58 50 88 162 1696 Similar data exist for: * Bel-Air (St-Felix), rain gauge coded 293 339 * Benares, rain gauge coded 296 349 * Riviere-des-Anguilles, rain gauge coded 301 330 The Probable Maximum Daily Precipitation16 for various return periods is as follows: Return Period Savannah SE (years) (mm/d) 50 435 100 488 200 540 500 607 1 000 663 5.2.2 Temperature The air temperatures measured at the Plaisance Meteorological Services" provides data closest to Site, these are given in Table 5.2.2.1. Table 5.2.2.1: Absolute maximum, minimum and average temperatures at Plaisance NIONTH JAN FEB MLAR APR NLA'V JUN JIL AULG SEP OCT NOV' DEC Mean(°C) 25.9 25.9 25.6 24.5 22.9 21.3 20.7 20.3 21.0 22.1 23.6 25.1 Abs. Maxi (0 C) 29.4 29.3 28.9 27.9 26.3 24.7 23.9 23.7 24.5 25.7 27.5 28.8 Abs. Mini (°C) 22.5 22.6 22.3 21.1 19.5 18.0 17.5 16.9 17.5 18.4 19.7 21.3 Other data such the Wet Bulb Thermometry, of pertinence to the design of the Power Station, are available from the same source. 15 B. M. PADYA: Climate ofMauritius. l6 Data communicated by Proponent 7B. M. PADYA: Climate of Mauritius 5.2.3 Wind data 5.2.3.1 Wind data under normal climatic conditions 5.2.3.1.1 Trade Winds The trade winds range typically between 4 to 16 knots, with occasional peaks at 21 knots reached at 1 2hOO, particularly during the winter season. The wind speeds fall considerably between l 8h00 and 22hOO and remain low during the night, to reinforce again at about 8hOO. At night, at about 02hOO to 03hOO, land breezes start to blow to reach a maximum at dawn, thereby contributing to an increase of the intensity of the trade winds. 5.2.3.1.2 Average wind distribution Wind data are continuously recorded at Plaisance, which is closest to Site. The monthly wind distribution for Plaisance has been illustrated by the wind roses in Appendix H drawn from Climate of Mauritius'8. 5.2.3.2 Cyclonic Winds The southwestern Indian Ocean is a region known for its cyclonic activity. Cyclones are very low- pressure regions, which have very high wind speeds that increase in magnitude in the direction of the eye of the cyclone. Tropical cyclones usually occur during the months of December to May. February is the most active month in terms of cyclonic formation; this is based on the data collected by the National Meteorological Services at Vacoas. Table 5.2.3.2.1 indicates the monthly occurrences of observed cyclones. Table 5.2.3.2.1: Monthly Percentage Occurrences of observed Cyclones (1960-1983) MIONTH DEC JAN FEB MIAR APR MIAY TOTAL % 18.1 20.8 30.6 18.1 9.7 2.8 100 From the observation of cyclonic wind speeds during the same period, the National Meteorological Service has also established that the average for the wind velocities is 140 kmi/h (75 knots). The direction of cyclonic gusts depends on the path of the cyclone but will be in an easterly to northwest direction. The Return Period for hourly winds and peak gusts has also been worked out from the cyclone data available and is indicated in Table 5.2.3.2.2 below. Table 5.2.3.2.2: Statistical distribution of cyclone wind velocity observed at Pamplemousses (1960-1983) Return Period (ears) 100 50 15 5 Hourly Wind (km/h) 125 112 90 72 Peak Gusts (km/h) 230 200 160 130 18 B. M. PADYA: Climate of Mauritius. 5.2.3.3 Site Exposure to Winds The relevance of the wind data detailed above is obvious from the point of view of: designing of buildings and constructions * atmospheric dispersion of pollutants from the plant and the sugar factory stacks The Site will be under the influence of trade winds. Furthermore, cyclonic conditions may induce very strong winds reaching the Site from the ocean. 5.3 Geology The Site is situated over weathered and pyroclastic basalt flows of the Intermediate Volcanic Series. This third activity phase occurred during the Pliocene, i.e., between -3.5 to -1.7 million years re present. See Figure 5.3.1. The pyroclastic formations (fine volcanic tuffs) form a discontinuous cover more or less thick in the Southern part of the caldera (Chamarel, N of Grand Bassin). Some pyroclastites formed at the rim of some craters, through their accumulation therein (crater W of Grand-Bassin). Irregular piling of basaltic flows present cumulated thicknesses that can exceed 1 00m.. Healthy flows alternate with flows transformed by weathering processes, a sign that emissions of lavas, far from being continuous, have occurred intermittently. No detailed information specific to Site is available. 5.4 Pedology The general pedology of the region has been mapped according to both the "Hawaiian" classification1 and to the ORSTOM classification20; the Project Site has been overlaid to both pedological maps of the region as shown in Figure 5.4.1 and Figure 5.4.2. The soil type that can be identified within the project area is the Low Humic Latosol soil, in its stony phase, L2 of the Reduit Family. This corresponds to 12 soils in the ORSTOM Classification, described therein as follows: "sols bruns a structure polyhedrique moyennement developpee, blocs de basalte doleritiques poreux avac cortex d'alteration frequente, debris de roches plus ou moins alteres en nombre variable au-dela de 500mm." 5.5 Surface Hydrology and Hydro-geology 5.5.1 Regional Surface Hydrology Savannah Sugar Estate lies within the catchment areas of River du Poste, River St-Amand and River Tabac, as described in the foregoing, and in particular in Figure 5.5.1.1. The estate derives the totality of its irrigation and factory water requirements from water rights on the said rivers. '9 PARRISH & FEILLAFFE: Soil Map of Mauritius. M.S.I.R.I. 1962. 20p WILLAIME: Carte Pedologique de Ille Maurice. ORSTOM & M.S.I.R.I. 1984. X~~~L F ,E ;' WX a ) - -A -< , - ,,;,1/ Canon Be1u ,, /n VOCNSERCN '-)/I - I~~~n - ors,1 > O P G I H R I = TuslyolsJe << 'lir>n -- g- f ESV N A J Iolb/s DM' Colmar Date - S^nearb*h S.F. Ldgende .mnan FORMATIONS SUPERFICIEILES FomistioFmbonat6e VOLCANMSME RECENT hId.nCka DE SAVANNAH VOLCANISME INTERMEDVAIRE SwCCde OO-Aliu et "I d-=6 Construction & Operatior 8MWCoal/Bagasse-Fired atower VOLCAISMACEN Cflt,. Figure 5.3.1 - Geologici Phon.ftScale I Sb'.bm "q Job No II 991 Pedological Map (ORSTOM Classification) COMPAGNIE THIERMIQUE F 7 Caillouteux -blocs en nombre moyen DE SAVANNAH Ltd. Construction & Operation of a Sols caillouteux (taux de pierrosit6 >60%/) sur 50cm en moyenne 83 MW Coal/agasse-Fired Power Plant pierres et blocs en profondeir at Savannah Sols pierreux et caillouteux (taux de pierrosit6 >80%) sur 40cm Figure 5.4.1 - Pedological Maps au maximum, blocs et/ou dalles en profondeur Scale 1:5 000 Date June 2005 m Sols caillouteux (taux de pierrosit6 >60%) sur 50cm en moyenne, pierres Job No. 2436 et blocs en profondeur - 616ments grossiers superficiellement alt6r6s S.I.G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Partners Associated Consufting Engineers 19 Church Street - Port Louis - Mauritus Tel. 212 3734/5 212 0962 212 2145 Fax (230)208 0375 I' / /f / #/ / S / / SoS / / / / / #/ / .4/ / /R / /S / /E / / S/ / / / / / / / / / / / / ,' / / / / / /,', / / / / ,' / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ./ / / / / - /, / / / / / / /, / / / / / / / / / / /- / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /I VV r ./ / / ./ V-/i' /v /S / / / / /7 / ,/, , /,, .,/,,,// /, /// k///A 'l / / /, / / 1/,/ / / , /f / / / /' /' / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / A V /t/ /-t-/-/-/- V/ / 7 / / TV 777/TV-V / 7 / /7/7 ,,,, /2< *-////// ///// /t / / / / / / / / /Jin / / / / / / / / / / / / 7 / / / / - ,/ / / / / / /./ // / / / /f / / / / / / / / /f / / / / / / / /,//-/ '- / /x / / / /, / ' li / /" / / / / ~ ', / / / / / ./ / I / / / /' / / / ,/ //\ Soil Map (Hawaiian Classification) Soil oupsCOMPAGNIE THERMIQUE Soil roupsDE SAVANNAH Ltd. I Latosolic Red Prairie Soils Construction & Operation of a Special Phases 83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Plant F/1/-/ Shallow andGr-/v at Savannah ShalowanGravllyFigure 5.4.2 - Soil Map ________Scale 1:5 000 Very Rocky Date June 2005 Job No. 2436 S.I.G.M.A. - Ove Amup & Partners Associated Consulting Engineers 19 Church Street - Port Louis - Mauritus Tel. 212 3734/5 212 0962 212 2145 Fax (230)208 0375 __ _ __ _- - --- -------- - -- , , , - . . ' A' . , F EF~ $ ;,' '-- --_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CATCMET ATREASEOD MAERTU /Y G CATCHNIENT AREA SUB AREA FL1 CHA-AGN A1c0.E4348 N TAEAC 22.79 JR 4.0A DU PO 5. 4.140 I- 3.C 9 K T0.AD 10i LM L.03 L D N 11.14 MN 13.21 I IN SAVANNE 39.37 ST 13.21i S...MA.-Oe.rp arnr MON TRESOR MON DESERT SUGAR FACTORY NLJK COM[PAGNIE THERAIQUE SAVANNAHDE SAVANNAH Ltd. N PSG AConstruction & Operation of a 83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Plant at Savannah Figure 5.5. 1.1 - Catchment Ame scale 1:150 000 Date May 2005 Job No. 2436 S.I.G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Partners Associated Consulting Engineers I9Chwvch slree- Pod Louis- MaIJIitj Tel. 212 3734/5 212 0082 212 2145 Fax (230)208 0375 MT-MD, Savannah's partner in the CTSav venture, lies within the catchment area of River La Chaux, from which it receives water for its factory and for irrigation. 5.5.2 Site Hydrology The Savannah Site is located on the left of the River Tabac catchment, as can be seen in Figure 5.5.1.1. The Site itself displays no conspicuous drainage network, but at Savinia, to the SE of Site, a small watercourse springs and runs to the sea close to Le Souffleur. 5.5.3 Hydro-geology 5.5.3.1 Regional Hydro-geology The entire region lies on top of the Nouvelle France - Rose Belle - Plaisance Aquifer. For a detailed account, reference is made to the "Carte Geologique et Schema Hydrogeologique" drawn in July 1999 and reproduced in Figure 5.5.3.1.1 The coastal reservoir near Plaisance is very productive near Mare-Tabac. And MT-MD for irrigation purposes and the CWA, for domestic water production, exploit the aquifer as described in § 4.6 of the foregoing. 5.5.3.2 Site Hydro-geology No aquifer exploitation is carried out in the vicinity of the CTSav Site. 5.6 Air Quality In as much as atmospheric pollution is concerned, the following pollutants could be generated as a result of current activities around the Site. 5.6.1 PM, C02, NOx, SOx, CO, POP's Emissions Emissions of NOx, SOx, CO, CO2, PM and POP's can be attributed to the following sources identified by the Ministry of Environment and Quality of Life as major air pollution sources {Rio Bio-diversity Treaty (1991)}: * Vehicle traffic * The Union St-Aubin Sugar Factory * The Savannah Sugar Factory * The Mt-MD Sugar Factory * The CTDS coal-fired power station at Union 5.6.2 Baseline Data The regional air quality is presently modified from initial conditions successively by: * the operation of Union St-Aubin, Savannah (La Baraque) and MT-MD sugar factories each year from mid-July to end November, due to the combustion of bagasse during that period * the burning of sugar-cane fields during the crop season Courbe pi6zometrique N Bordure de caldeira , Grand Baie -Y Fracture r' - Terrain inpermrables ,j 4 Bk basaltes anciens / - - ' 8.- AQUIFERES PRINCIPAUX [ -; - '- Zone de Recharge Commune D i-,.' . -- V - .... III AQUIFERE 1 S/ - IV PORT LOUISC ( .t AQUIFERES SECONDAIRES Ch Chamarel - - F Fr6d6rika C yr CG Chemin Grenier , f g r7 , o Y Yemen - Flic en Flac - A.3 E' ;H .'. .4- * tt a . C -. 7W [ Mahebourg t \ r R bvANPIrAH COMPAGNIE THERMIQUE DE SAVANNAH Ltd. Construction & Operation of a I AQUIFERE DE CUREPIPE - VACOAS - FLIC EN FLAC 83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Plant 11 AQUIFERE DE PHOENIX - BEAU BASSIN - ALBION - MOKA - COROMANDEL at Savannah III AQUIFERE DE NOUVELLE FRANCE - ROSE BELLE - PLAISANCE Figure 5.5.3. 1.1 - Aquifers Map IV AQUIFERE DE NOUVELLES DECOUVERTES - PLAINES DES ROCHES/MIDLANDS - TROU D'EAU DOUCE Scale 1:300 000 Date June 2005 V AQUIFERE DES PLAINES DU NORD At the end of 2006, MT-MD and Savannah sugar factories will cease operation, and therefore their emissions to atmosphere, to be replaced in 2007 by CTSav It can be assumed that the baseline for the assessment of the impacts of the power station is the situation prevailing with the aforesaid sugar factories in operation during the crop season, and CTDS during 11 months. So that the baseline will be that prevailing with: * bagasse combustion and coal combustion during the crop season plus burning of cane fields * coal combustion off crop season With reference to emissions from bagasse furnaces (see Appendix I hereto) and the CTDS EIA report, typical emission rates will then be as per Table 5.6.2.1 below. Table 5.6.2.1: Typical Atmospheric Emissions affecting the Base Line Air Quality Pollutants Emission Rates Hourly Emission Rates (Mass/h) CTDS (coal) USAB La Baraque MT-MD Concentration Mass/h PM 60.42kg/h 53.25kg/h 30.41 kg/h 150mg/Nm3 18.17kg/h So2 3.23 kg/h 2.46 kg/h 0.51 kg/h 1.6 gm/Nm3 280 kg/h NOx 600 mg NOx/ kgB 38.95 kg/h 2.85 kg/h 5.58 kg/h 650 mg/Nm3 92.04 kg/h CO 1 165 mg CO/kgB 56.63 kg/h 79.77 kg/h 28.99 kg/h 200 mg/Nm3 37.5 k/g CO2 780 gm CO/kgB 32.4 ton/h 32.24 ton/h 25.7 ton/h 268 gm/Nm3 36 426 kg/h VOC 200 mg VOC/kgB 8.3 kg/h 8.3 kg/h 6.6 kg/h 2.9 mg/Nm3 0.388 kg/h Pb 8x10-3 mg Pb/kgB 0.332 gm/h 0.32 gm/h 0.263 gm/h 2.43 pg/Nm3 3.30 gm/h F - 8.7 mg/Nm3 1 163 gm/h HCL 1.86 mg HCI/kgB 83.7 gm/h 83.7 gm/h 66.4 gm/h 69 mg/Nm3 9 300 gm/h POP 0.10 ng/Nm3 0.012 mg/h 0.012 mg/h 0.001 mg/h 0.014 ng/Nm3 0.002 mg/h TCH - 140 - 140 - 106 Combustible Bagasse bagasse bagasse coal Buming rate 41.5 ton/h 41.33 ton/h 32.9 ton/h 15.5 ton/h Nm3/h 190000 189486 101 364 141 600 Each of these emission sources must be taken separately 5.6.3 Dust Emissions Dust is known to be emitted when the fields are ploughed and re-conditioned prior to being re- planted. But these dust emissions have never been estimated. 5.6.4 Ambient Air Quality Based upon the knowledge of the emission rates, stack height, stack gas exit velocities, the EPA- approved numerical model ISCST3 has been run, using climatic data prescribed, to compute the maximum concentrations of the above-listed pollutants at various locations in the Project environment. The proposed Air Quality Standards for Mauritius may be compared with the maximum concentrations that have been computed in respect to the Sugar Factory stack emissions - details of Computer Modeling Results in Appendix B - under various Observation Time scenarios, and which are given in Table 5.6.4.1. Table 5.6.4.1: Ambient Standards (maximum) compared with Maximum Computed Concentrations near -Site Ambient Standards Computed Concentrations Pollutant Maximum (Vg/m3) Maximum (ig/m3) lh 8h 24h Annual lb 3h 24h Annual CO 25 000 10 000 200 180.3 SO2 350 200 50 120.8 21.09 0.3 NOX 200 9.6 PM1O 100 50 25.2 PCDD 32x1e-9 7.4x I e-9 1.Ixle-9 The gaseous pollutants seem to occur at maximum concentrations that are, whenever comparable, of the same order of magnitude as the maximum ambient Standards proclaimed by Mauritius. 5.7 Noise A noise survey of the Site is available. It has been carried out on the 12th May 2005 between 11 h 10 and I lh45 and the dBA and dBC levels recorded at various locations around the future site are shown in Figure 5.7.1. The region must qualify as a calm rural environment given its location and in the inter-crop season, except in the close neighbourhood of the Sugar Factory during the crop season. SPL measured on the 12 May 2005 around 11h30 SPL Observation Points (referred to Figure 5.7.1) #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 dbA 56.5/57.4 53.1/54.6 53.5/55.1 58.8/57.8 54.8/53.6 dbC 63.5/65.3 63.1/69.0 63.2/59.4 71.0/75.7 76.2/77.5 With passing Vehicle dbA 79.9 80.4 71.3 dbC 82.7 90.0 85.6 SPL measured on the 19 June 2005 at 21h30 SPL Observation Points (referred to Figure 5.7.1) #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 dbA 41.2/42.5 50.8/45.7 59.3/60.7 46.8/40.8 56.6/50.1 dbC 63.5/65.3 57.0/56.2 72.0/74.9 60.4/52.0 72.0/71.8 Observations Party near # 3 Carrcau La Paille AN L 'CAL '1' La B qu Sau'Fannr N C nptworS ; ! - . , ^S".,DJ^^\X \ i -Power P1int COMPAGNIE THERMIQUI La SuX!Ie \ ./DE SAVANNAH Ltd Construction & Operation of; 83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Plan at Savanna, Figure 5.7.1 -Noise Survey Locatio: Savar.ria ;Scale 1:25 00 Date June 200 Job No. 243 S.l.G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Partnern Associated Consulting Engineern 19 Church Street- Port Louis - Mauridtu BL,UL ~Tel. 212 3734/5 212 0962 212 2145 Fax (230)208 0371 5.8 Floral Environment 5.8.1 Nature Reserves Only sugar cane is encountered in the Site environment, the primitive or native vegetation of Mauritius having long ago been destroyed in favour of sugar cane and by the introduction of exotic species dominating non-cultivated zones like: * Casuarina equisetifolia (filaos) * Psidium littorale (strawberry guava or 'goyave de chine' in Vernacular) • Ravenala madagascariensis (traveller's palm), ... Native forest remnants are still in existence in Mauritius, as can be inferred from Figure 5.8.1 extracted from the 1994 NPDP which shows the Nature Reserves farsightedly designated as far back as 193721 as a result of a survey of native vegetation remnants. With reference to the map of Figure 5.8.1, the Combo Reserve (208.8ha) is closest to the Power Station site. Then further due NW of Combo: * Le Cabinet Reserve (17.73 ha) * Les Mares Reserve (5.10 ha) * GOULY pere Reserve (10 95 ha) * Bois Sec Reserve (5.91 ha) But the richest and largest reserves are the Macchabee/Bel Ombre reserves (3 611 ha), which have been combined with adjacent lands to constitute the Black River Gorge National Park22. The Park includes Bassin-Blanc (454 ha) considered to be the part of the Park most critical to biodiversity. The 500ha space between Piton Savane, Mt Cocotte and Bassin-Blanc, about 7k due NW of Site has the Island's highest diversity of endemic plants. 5.8.2 Endangered Species None exist in the proximal vicinity of Site. But they exist in the aforesaid Nature Reserves which offer refuge to dozens of critically rare species, virtually all of them endemic and restricted to the aforesaid native vegetation remnnants particularly in the Macchabee and Bassin-Blanc zones. In spite of the fact that the native systems in these reserves have already been altered beyond recovery, these protected sites still offer prospects for maintenance of many species that would be extinct without this habitat. The Black River Gorges National Park hosts most of the 50 rarest species in Mauritius23. Four Mauritian species are listed in the Plant Red Data Book24), namely: 2' R. E. VAUGHN & Paul Octave WIEHE: 1937. Studies on the vegetation of Mauritius. Part 1: A preliminary Survey of the Plant Communities. Journal of Ecology, Volume 25 No 2 p289-343. 22 Department of Environment 1991. The Black River Gorges National Park. Ministry of Environment and Land Use, Mauritius. 23 Department of Environment 1991. Top 50 Rarest Native Plants in Mauritius. 24 G. LUCAS & H. SYNGE in The IUCN Plant Red Data Book. Threatened Plants Committee, Survival Service Commission, International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Morges, Switzerland. Also: IUCN Conservation Monitoring Center. 1987; IUCN Directory of Afrotropical Protected Areas; IUCN Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas. Gland, Switzerland. t"TVAf I xIfttLYkIjtJfl l Jt &t v t ir t Itt. Construction & Operation of a 83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Plant at Savannah LEGEND A A PROPOSED & POTENTIAL MARINE PARK - B- B BARABs A B B MANGROVES B ' WETLANDS At L A B FR FISHERIES RESERVES B -B SAtND DUNES B COASTAL CONSERVATION AREAS I MOUNTAINS AND MOUNTAIN RESERVFS B NATURF RESERVES A . - LAND PRONE TO EROSION FORESTS - ' NATIONAL PARK NATURE RESERVES ;/B I. L. Pm i' 2. CopsdeGede d C . 3. Peeerfi~ ' 6. Go ly Pert . 8. Maccbabee/ ld Ombr ( a S ---- 9 Co.bB, AAL BA FR -FR 13 SAVANNAH POWER PLANT '50,ug/Nm3 annual average, and >200[tg/Nm3 24-h average. With reference to the above, the Project zone would be considered as an unpolluted area with ambient SOx concentrations of 0.26,tg/Nm3 annual average, and 21.09%ig/Nm3 24-h average. Values computed are lower than mandatory concentrations for averaging times greater than 1h, i.e., for 24h and annual sampling times. 6.3.1.5.4.2 Emission Rates The impact of SOx generation may be assessed with reference to the emission rates of the power unit and to the Emission Standards proposed for Mauritius and set out by World Bank. In Mauritius: * the proposed standard for SO3 emission rate (for any source other than combustion processes and sulphuric acid plant): 120mg/Nm3 supposed continuous * the proposed standard for S02 emission rate: 5 OOOmg/Nm3, for lh maximum Existing World Bank Guidelines are: a the lowest of 2 000mg/Nm3, or 0.200ton/day/MWE , or 500 t/day 6.3.1.5.4 Mitigating Measures In Mauritius, the 120mg/Nm3 proposed concern SO3, which represents not more than 5% of the mixture (SO2+SO3) emitted from coal combustion. If SO2 is concerned, the tolerable emission rate would be pro rata of the SO3, 2 400mg/Nm3. During the intercrop season when the CTDS and the CTSav plants will be operational concurrently, the ambient concentrations of S02 for 1 -hour averaging time is 242.43pggm/Nm3 and this still will be less than the mandatory ambient concentrations of 350[tgm/Nm3, although both plants will certainly be called upon relatively frequently to operate at MCR. However, it is necessary to remember that: * the Gaussian Plume ISCST3 EPA model is based upon a certain number of assumptions concerning the mixing height, which is not measured in Mauritius, and makes use of wind data from Plaisance Airport * stack emissions proposed by the Proponent assume that the coal imported from RSA will be of 0.6%S-content whereas from Table 3.5.6.4.2, the S-content of the imported coal, from the analysis of Table 3.5.1. 1, lies in the 0.7%-09% range. • It may also be argued that the ISCST3 model could overestimate I-h concentrations,. Thus from the above although the model indicates that the ambient air quality for various parameters will be within permissible limits but with the uncertainties in both the model parametric requirements and the vqriation of the characteristics of the coal imports, it is recommended that constant and systematic monitoring of operational parameters and of ambient concentrations must therefore form part of the Environmental Monitoring Plan: (i) Controlling the CTSav flue gas ejection velocity The flue gas ejection velocity when burning coal must not be allowed to drop below 20m/s. Numerical modelling has shown that the atmospheric dispersion is quite sensitive to ejection velocity. The Proponent is therefore invited to make proposals accordingly. (ii) Monitoring of ambient SO2 concentrations Considering the variable sulphur content of the coal received from RSA, and the fact that the plant will often be called at MCR, provisions should be made for the analysis of ambient S02 concentrations using a HVAS within a radius of I 500m around the Power Station, taking into account wind direction and under MCR operation conditions. 6.3.1.6 Impact of Particulate Matter emissions Potential impacts associated with Inhalable Particulate (PMIO) are described hereunder. 6.3.1.6.1 Health hazards Major concerns for human health from exposure to inhalable particulate matter can have the following effects": * Effects on breathing and respiratory systems, in particular decrease in levels of pulmonary lung function in children and adults with obstructive airways diseases * Increase in daily prevalence of respiratory symptoms in children and adults * Damage to, and morphological alteration of lung tissue * Risk of lung cancer correlated' with elevated long-term ambient concentrations of PMIO 39 S. VEDAL: Health Effects of Inhalablke Particles: Implications for British Columbia. Air resources Branch, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. 1995. 40 W.L. BEESON, D.E. ABBEY and S.F. KNUTSEN 1998. Long-term Concentrations of Ambient Air Pollutants and Incident Lung Cancer in California Adults. Results from the AHSMOG Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 166(12): 813-822. * Development of chronic bronchitis and predisposing factor to acute bacterial and viral bronchitis especially in sensitive individuals . Aggravation of bronchial asthma, the late stages of chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema and cardio-vascular disease 6.3.1.6.2 Visibility degradation As particulate matter (especially fine particulate matter) accumulate in the atmosphere, the particles act to scatter and absorb light. The net effect is that the particulate matter can obscure the view, making it difficult for residents and tourists alike to "enjoy the scenery". Thus visibility is degraded obscuring vistas in a highly visible form of air pollution. Too often, dark high optical density flue gas emissions violate opacity restrictions. 6.3.1.6.3 Soiling and Wasting Effects When particulate matter falls out of the atmosphere, it can accumulate on cars, painted surfaces, and when falling in residential areas, will accumulate on laundry, and in the homes. Wastage of metal surfaces exposed to an atmosphere that swings from oxidising to reducing (soot is reducing) can also occur. 6.3.1.6.4 Intensity of Impacts 6.3.1.6.4.1 Ambient Concentrations In terms of ambient concentrations in the Atmosphere, reference is made to the local Mauritius Standard41, that sets out the level of ambient concentrations for a given averaging period. They are given in Table 6.3.1.6.4.1.1 below. In the said table, Baseline data, it is recalled implies ambient conditions resulting from the operation of: * Union St-Aubin (USAB), La Baraque & MT-MD sugar factories concurrently with CTDS (coal) in the crop season; * CTDS (coal) alone in the inter-crop season The ambient concentrations resulting from the operation of these plants have been computed using the ISCST3 EPA approved dispersion code. Table 6.3.1.6.4.1.1: Modification of Ambient PMI 0 Concentrations by CTSav P.S. Maximum Ambient PM10 Concentrations (jigm/m3) Averaging Period Mauritius Standard Baseline Data With CTSav Inter-crop Season 24h 100 0.28 0.70 Crop Season 24h 100 25.23 4.94 41 Government of Mauritius. Goverment Notice No 105 of 1998. Regulations made by the Minister under Section 35 of EPA 1991. 6.3.1.6.4.2 Emission Rates The impact of PMio generation may be assessed with reference to the emission rates of the power unit and to the Emission Standards proposed for Mauritius and set out by World Bank. In Mauritius: * the proposed standard for emission of Particulate Matter is: 200mg/Nm3 * the proposed standard for opacity is RINGELMAN No2 or equivalent for not more than 5 minutes in any period of lh. Existing World Bank Guidelines set out: For plants smaller than 50MWe, the tolerable emission rate of Particulate Matter is 1OOmg/Nm3 . the tolerable ambient Particulate Matter concentration is 1 00tg/Nm3 annual geometric mean, 500[tg/Nm3 maximum 24-h average. The expected combined emission rates when all units are in concurrent operation either in the Inter- crop of in the Crop season are seen to stay below the emission standards for Mauritius. In fact, the burning of bagasse by the ESP-equipped CTSav Power Station, contributes significantly to the reduction of ambient PM 1o concentrations that would otherwise be obtained from La Baraque and MTMD during the crop season. 6.3.1.6.5 Mitigating measures Mitigating measures are not deemed necessary in as much as the CTSav power plant is concerned. 6.3.1.7 Impact of POP Emissions POP's will be taken as Dioxins (PCDD) and Furanes (PCDF). Dioxins form part of the chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons group whose different families of compounds display very similar chemical structures (Dioxins, Furanes, PCB), the different isomers provoking more or less the same toxic effects. So much so that the so-called "Dioxin equivalent" factor has been coined to measure the toxicity of each of these compounds, relatively to the most toxic of them, namely 2 3 8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCPP or Seveso Dioxin), valued 1. WHO recommends this procedure since 1997 for 17 PCDD/PCDF isomers and 12 PCB isomers. These substances occur naturally in the environment, whenever events (volcano eruptions, forest fires, etc) occur, bringing together Cl and organic substances. Not to mention anthropic sources such as incinerators, vehicles running on gasoline with lead content. Dioxins are persistent in the Environment and have the property to bio-accumulate in food chains. They are highly soluble in fats and this facilitates their absorption by digestion (60 to 90% of total absorption by living organisms). 6.3.1.7.1 Nature of Impacts 6.3.1.7.1.1 Non-cancerous Effects The following responses or reactions to CPAH have been observed: * Animal responses: loss of weight causing death, skin disorder similar to chloroacne, anomalous blood clotting, hormonal disorder, diminution of melatonine serum concentration, diminution of A-vitamin stocks in liver, hyper cholesterol. * Human responses: the demonstrable effects are chloroacne under severe exposure as after the Seveso incident, alteration of liver enzymatic system, rise in gamma-GT, rise in alcaline transaminases and phosphatases. Consequences of environmental exposure to weak-to-average doses, have not so far been established with certitude. No convincing demonstration has been tabled concerning effects on the immune, humoral and cellular systems, disorders of neural transmission and increases in cardiovascular risks, although these effects have been observed. Inasmuch as human reproduction is concerned, the conclusions arrived at in different studies on teratogenic and abortive effects of PCDD, do not really correlate. The aforesaid studies essentially point to a higher incidence of malformation, still-births, miscarriages. Foetotoxic effects have been demonstrated in cases of ingestion of PCDD in high doses (hyper-pigmentation of skin and gums, gum hypertrophy, slowing of in utero growth, persistent slowing of growth). Exposure to high PCDD doses has also been found to modify the genus ratio at birth, namely a relative augmentation of girls. Finally anomalous psycho-motor development, persistent cognitive disorders, or neuromuscular disorders of a more transitory nature, have been observed by several authors, but some controversy still persists as to their conclusions (existence of confusing factors, co-exposures, or psychological parameters) At current exposure level, risks of impairing the reproduction system and the psychomotor development of children would be more preoccupying although they have not been formally demonstrated. 6.3.1.7.1.2 Non-cancerous Tolerable Doses No reference concentration is known to have been defined for Mauritius. Inasmuch as ingestion rates are concerned, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has estimated Tolerable Daily Doses (TDD) in regard of the systemic toxicity of PCDD and PCDF. These TDD's are: * teratogenicity: lx 10-7 mg/kid * Foetotoxicity: lx 10-8 mg/k/d * Immunotoxicity: 3 x 1 0-10 mg/k/d * Susceptibility to viral infections: lx 10-8 mg/kld * endometriosis: 1.44 x I0O-' mg/k/d • impact on spermatogenesis: 6.4 x 10-8 mg/k/d * enzymatic induction: 3.5 x 10-9 mg/kid In 1998, WHO defined a TDD of 4 x 10-9 mg/k/d, with a target of 1 x 10-9 mg/kid to be attained. The TDD value retained for the CTBR in Reunion Island is l x 1 0-9mg/kg/d, or I pg/kg/day. 6.3.1.7.1.3 Cancerous Effects PCDD's are not mutagenic substances as they do not modify the cellular genome. But on cells already initiated (with modified genome) they would display a promoting activity in facilitating the expression of the modified genome. With animals, cancer sites induced by exposure to PCDD's are very variable according to species, which hinders transposition to humans. It would appear that the incidence of certain cancers (hormone-dependent cancers) decreases when exposure to dioxines is prior to exposure to the cancer initiators. In humans, numerous studies have been conducted under diverse circumstances, the most reliable studies concerning strong exposures and important latent periods: * professional exposures as in the Chemical Industry * accidental exposures, as at Seveso and spillage of highly contaminated products * war facts, as with the Orange Agent (in Viet-Nam), a herbicide highly contaminated with 2,3,7,8 TCDD Cancers of the naso-pharynx, lungs, kidney, stomach, bladder, skin, testicle, ovary, thyroid, brains, as well as leukemia, multiple myelomes, soft tissue sarcomes and non-hodgkinian lymphomes have been associated at least once with exposute to 2,3,7,8 TCDD. Globally, therefore, WHO and CIRC have recently concluded that 2,3,7,8 TCDD is a certain cancerous agent for humans (Group 1), even though it may be a weak cancerous agent. Other PCDD and PCDF are classified Group 3: non-classifiable agents. 6.3.1.7.1.4 Cancerous Threshold Doses Two different points of view prevail presently: that of EPA (2000) and that of OMS. EPA suggests that PCDD's be considered as true cancerous agents therefore without critical threshold doses. In EPA (2000) an oral slope factor of 1 x 10-3 pgTEQ/kg/day has been provisionally defined. OMS, on the other hand, adopts the view that PCDD's are not true or directly cancerous, but rather promoting agents in cancer genesis. The threshold dose would therefore be of the order of 6 x 10- 9mg/kg/day and doses of I x 10-7 mg/kg/day (CPP 1998) would trigger cancers. Inasmuch as TCDD is concerned, threshold doses proposed by OEHHA are: * inhalation: 38x10-3 mg/m3; * ingestion (oral slope factor): 130 000 mg/kg/day Inasmuch as hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) is concerned, threshold doses proposed by EPA are: * inhalation: 1.3 ,ugm/m3; • ingestion (oral slope facor): 6.2 g.gm/kg/day For the CTBR EIA, 0.1 3pg/kg/day was retained. 6.3.1.7.2 Intensity of Impact from Ambient PCDD/PCDF Concentrations It is not possible to assess directly how the PCDD/PCDF ambient concentrations will be affected by the operation of the CTSav power station, as no PCDD/PCDF data is known to exist for Mauritius. It is certain, however, that these pollutants have been produced in the past, during the burning of canes fields (analogous to forest fires reported in international literature) and also by the various sugar factories, during the crop season. The main change, of course is that whereas PCDD/PCDF could have been generated during the crop season, it will be now generated throughout the year. Maximum Ambient PCDD/F Concentrations as per simulations (Rig/m3) Averaging Period Baseline Data With CTSav Inter-crop Season Annual (xle-9) 1.06 0.74 Crop Season Annual (xle-9) 0.001 0.06 The ISCST3 model has been used (without wet deposit effects) to estimate the ambient PCDD/PCDF concentrations resulting from the implementation of the CTSav Power Station. The results in the Table above, display very small concentrations, much smaller than those advocated in Reunion Island for 1-hour sampling periods. 6.3.2 Pollution by Effluents from Process From the foregoing, process effluents will be produced at the rates and concentrations, detailed in Table 6.3.2.1.1 below. 6.3.2.1 The Impact The discharge of the Plant effluents in nature as irrigation water, will not contribute to increasing the pollution level of the environmental waters. This can be appreciated in the said Table 6.3.2.1.1, with reference to the Recommendations for Quality Limits of Effluents to be discharged in various Receiving Waters Standards proposed for Mauritius 6.3.2.2 Mitigating Measures From the comparison that can be made in aforesaid Table 6.3.2.1.1, if the CTSav effluents are collected and treated to quality measured at CTBV, no mitigating will be necessary. The more so that the treated effluents will be further diluted by river water supplied to the irrigation networks. Table 6.3.2.1.1: Production Rate and Quality of CTSav Effluents compared to Mandatory Quality for Discharges Mandatory Effluent after Quality Treatment pH 5 - 9 9.49 P.Free Alkalinity mg/C _ 30 TDS_ mg/ 2 000 479 Colour Pt.Co 149 Chemical Oxygen Demand mgl/ 120 trace Biochemical Oxygen Demand m/C 40 Nil Conductivity iS/cm 633 Chloride mg/e 99.1 Total Suspended Solids mg/C 45 20 Reactive Phosphorous mg/C 2.91 Sulphates S04 mg/C 500 Nil Nitrates N03 mgN/t 20 1.5 Available Chlorine mg/t 250 Total Chromium mg/C 0.10 Nil Hexavalent Chromium mg/t Nil Anionic Detergents mg/R 5.0 Oil in water mg/C 10.0 Nil Nitrite N02 mngC Nil Aluminium mg/t 5.0 Nil Copper mg/C 0.20 Nil Nickel mg/C Nil Iron mg/t 5.00 Nil Zinc mg/C 2.0 0.01 Potassium mg/t Sodium mg/t Temperature 0 C 250C Turbidity 23 Phosphate mg/t 0.3 Sodium Adsorption Ratio < 6 The concentrations in the last column 'Effluents after treatment', according to the Proponent, concern the totality of effluents downstream of the Power Plant, before being released to the irrigation circuits of the Sugar Estate. 6.3.3 Pollution by Process and DomesticWastes 6.3.3.1 The Impact The wastes will be produced as a result of the operation of the Power Plant, and also owing to the presence of Staff and Operators on Site. With reference to § 3.9.2 of the foregoing, the rate of production of solid wastes and their nature can be summarized in Table 6.3.3.1.1 below. Table 6.3.3.1.1: Solid waste from Power Plant Origin Type Output Turbo Machinery . Hydrocarbon Mud negligible Power Plant . Fly Ash 20 200 tons/year . Slag 18 160 tons/year Human Resources Domestic -10 tons/year These wastes, in particular the hydrocarbon mud, will pollute the ground on Site and eventually the water table. 6.3.3.2 Mitigating Measures 6.3.3.2.1 Fly Ash The disposal method proposed in § 3.5.4.2.1.2 of the foregoing, namely the recycling of fly ash as a convenient and economic supplement to Portland cement in uses ranging from highway/civil engineering applications, to agricultural applications appears satisfactory. The incorporation of fly ash as an additive to Portland Cement is not in practice in Mauritius and if this re-cycling is not accepted by the local contractors, it will have to be disposed of, at a cost, in non-productive landfills. 6.3.3.2.2 Slag Slag can be conveniently and economically disposed of in highway/civil engineering applications due to its physical and chemical characteristics and resistance to chemical attacks. The above remarks made above for fly ash also apply for slag. 6.3.4 Biological Pollution of Surface and Underground Water The Project will employ 40 persons, and assuming that the per capita daily water consumption is of the order of 5OL, to account for sanitary, messing, etc. the daily production of wastewater will amount to about 2m3. The quality of the wastewater is typical of domestic sewerage and is described in Table 6.2.1.2.1 [Typical domestic effluent composition at various stages of disposal] above, at production at various stages of disposal. 6.3.4.1 Nature of the Impact Negative impacts on the local surface and underground waters may result from domestic effluents, if these are allowed to reach the local water table and surface waters with their inherent pollution loads. With reference to the Recommendations for Quality Limits of Effluents for discharge in the water table or surface, discharge of untreated sewerage will not be allowed. This impact must therefore be mitigated. 6.3.4.2 Mitigating Measures The simplest way of eliminating biological pollution by the Project would be to treat the sewerage produced by means of a septic tank with the appropriate retention time and with correctly dimensioned and designed leaching fields. Thus the effluents ultimately released from the leaching field will have the quality described in Table 6.2.1.2.1 above. Although in theory, such an arrangement is deemed to work satisfactorily, yet, it is absolutely necessary to ensure that: * the septic tank is properly dimensioned with respect to the population it is going to serve * the leaching field is likewise properly dimensioned and positioned * the system performance is monitored and de-sludging of the septic tanks is carried out as and when necessary 6.3.5 Noise from CTSav Power Plant 6.3.5.1 Nature of Impact Noise will be generated 24h per day on Site. 6.3.5.2 Intensity of Impact The noise field measurements made on the perimeter of a 200m radius circle around the 6OMWe CTBV power station have been extrapolated to the future CTSav Power Station as can be observed in Figure 6.3.5.2.1. The bulk of the present residential settlements are at nearest some 800m from the CTSav location and noise levels there, associated with the Power Station will be between 52dBA (at 400m from the Plant) and 46dBA (at 800m). For Mauritius, the Legislation in vigour imposes the following Industrial Noise Exposure Limits: * From 07hOO to 21hOO: 6OdBA * From 21hOO to 07hOO: 55dBA It may be concluded that no negative impact will result from noise generated by the Plant. However, this does not relieve the Proponent from ensuring that all usual noise-proofing measures are taken with in particular: . Turbine/generator Couplings: Flexible couplings to dampen transmission of engine shaft torsional vibration Piping Connections: Flexible hoses and bellows for connection to external piping networks .1iCOMPAGNIE THERMIQU DE SAVANNAH Lt Construction & Operation of CAMP TAGORE^ 83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Pla at Savanne Figure 6.3.5.2.1 - Noise Propagation Patte Scale 1: 10( Date June 2( Job No. 24 ^\S.l.G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Partne UE',-. LqPI Associated Consulting Enginee 19 Church Street - Port Louis- Maurit Tel. 212 3734/5 212 0962 212 2145 Fax (230)208 03 r Fa -m SC \ |N/SAVINIA I I wj2PLA/T Mos V \<1 ~\ l \ \ \ X XC) t\\ '\p 6.3.6 Pollution by Hydrocarbon Wastes and Spills With reference to the foregoing, the potential sources of hydrocarbon pollution that can be identified with respect to the processes and flows within the power station: • Lubricating oil freshly delivered by the supplier will be stored in a "intermediate storage tank" * Used lube oil from the plant lubricating circuit will be stored in a storage tank of appropriate capacity Hydrocarbon (lubricants, hydraulic fluid) spillage must be anticipated: * either of accidental nature, such as leaks from the storage tanks, delivery pipes * or as a result of servicing and maintenance operations to the plant components 6.3.6.1 The Impact Hydrocarbon spillage, if not controlled, will pollute the soil directly and eventually reach the water table and surface waters. They can also be washed away during rain spells to load the Site run-off and as such, discharge into the drainage networks. The hydrocarbon film, which will float on the water, may then be carried away by currents or under wave action to beaches. 6.3.6.2 Mitigating Measures (i) The delivery and storage of hydrocarbon products on Site shall be entrusted to a company, who is specialised with the handling and storage of hydrocarbons. (ii) Storage tanks and piping shall be manufactured to required dimensions in stainless steel and to SUPPLIERS standards, in order to obtain a quality and performance guarantee. (iii) The storage tanks shall be fitted with a base opening to remove the mud and water depositing at the bottom; de-watering and de-sludging will be carried out periodically by SUPPLIER. (iv) The steel storage tanks shall be built on a reinforced concrete base, fitted with an enclosing parapet of capacity equivalent to 110% maximum spillage and a sump where any leaks or spillage would collect safely. The used oil, oily water and sludge will be recuperated from their on-Site storage facilities by for buming with bagasse. 6.3.7 Pollution by Loaded Storm runoff 6.3.7.1 The Impact The Site being paved and occupied by buildings or water collecting structures like roofs, paved areas, etc., there is a likelihood of storm water build-up contaminated with coal dust, hydrocarbon spillage from Lorries and other heavy vehicles on paved (asphalted) accesses and parking areas, etc. 6.3.7.2 Mitigating Measures The Site will be provided with a peripheral drain, to intercept all runoff. All loaded runoff, induced by rainfall or not, will be intercepted, collected and treated before release to the environment. The treatment process will involve placing a hydrocarbon separator, a mud/silt trap and trash rack in the runoff collector prior to discharge to irrigation canals. 6.3.8 Increasing Occupancy of Quay Nol 6.3.8.1 Nature of the Impact The operation of the Power Plant will imply a further increase in the occupancy of Quay No 1 that can be estimated on the basis of the following data communicated by the Proponent. For Raw Sugar: * Annual tonnage of coal to be discharged: 125 000tons. * Expected coal handling rate in Port-Louis Harbour: - 7 000 tons/day • Individual cargo size to be discharged: 40 000tons. Then: * Gross annual coal unloading time: 18-24 days * Frequency of coal carrier arrivals: 3 per annum * Duration of each carrier unloading: - 6 days. It is therefore necessary to assess its present level of utilization. The aggregate Berth No 1 Occupancy for the past five years is42: Table 6.3.8.1.1: Measured historical utilization of Berth 1. 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Berth I Occupancy 60.5% 60.7% 67.7% 72.2% 73.2% The weather downtime of Berth 1 (when wave heights exceed 0.5m) is estimated at 15 days p.a.43 With respect to historical situation, the discharging of coal at Berth 1 has already increased to cope with additional coal for FUEL and will also increase shortly to cope with the additional 100 000 tons per annum fror CTDS. The discharging of a further 125 000 tons of coal per annum for the CTSav Power Station will therefore further increase: * the occupancy rate of Berth 1 towards its limits * the complexity of management of Berth 1 6.3.8.2 Mitigating Measures The Mauritius Ports Authority will be submitted with heavier discharging schedule in order to accommodate the various users of Quay No 1. 42 Mauritius Ports Authority. Correspondence 24^ November 1999. 43 Sir A. GIBB & Partners and RENDEL, PALMER & TRITON: Model Studies for the Proposed Mer Rouge Container Terminal, Feb. 1993. For instance, coal operations having been successfully carried at Quay No2 in the past, this could be envisaged anew, unless cement operations there excludes this possibility. 6.3.9 Risks with Strategic Coal Storage Storage conditions may imply more indirect impacts through risks than actual direct impacts. 6.3.9.1 Fire Risks 6.3.9.1.1 Origin and Mechanism of the Risk These risks may result from spontaneous ignition (at temperatures between 50°C and 70°C) under exothermic reactions with atmospheric Oxygen, and whose rate depends inter alia upon: * The characteristics of the coal: (i) contents in VS (ii) contents in Sulphur pyrites (=:> SO4--) (iii) the circulation of external air (hence renewed oxygen supply) into the coal stacks (iv) porosity * ambient temperature, the rate of oxidation doubling with each 1 0°C rise in temperature * granulometry, the finer the grains, the larger the surface exposed to oxidation * ambient moisture content, inducing condensation and release of heat equivalent to latent heat of vaporisation, of particular importance to the outer coal layers on view of its permeability to external air 6.3.9.1.2 Intensity of the Risk The strategic coal storage proposed at the CTSav plant: • concerns RSA coal of the bituminous and low volatile sub-bituminous type, with an Ash Content varying from 9.1 to 10.1% on dry basis • is of the unsorted mixed type * will be stored in shielded conditions * will be placed in compacted layers to reach a final stack height of 3m * will incorporate no devices facilitating the circulation of air inside it * will have infinite rotation period (relative to the usual few months) Therefore, applying the BYSTRON & URBANSKI Method of Fire Risk assessment, the strategic coal storage has a Fire Risk Index Zp = 1 1, i.e. a Medium Risk. Mitigation measures are therefore necessary 6.3.9.1.3 Mitigating Measures (i) Stock Temperature Monitoring Temperature monitoring will be carried out frequently by trained personnel using thermometers at the end of long probes for which access to the stacks must be provided through the protective shields and such that no external air circulation is favoured by such accesses. The results will be logged in such a way as to provide a three-dimensional mapping of the temperature distribution of the strategic coal storage. Should any heating be detected, oxidation reactions will be stopped by reducing the temperature of the stack. This is done by removing mechanically coal from the overheat zones and allowing it to cool down under ambient heat conditions. The heated coal may be spread out on a zone specifically set aside for that purpose. Once in contact with the ambient air, the cooling process is initiated, a relatively rapid operation, the coal may be either placed back in the stack, or sent to the boiler to be replaced by new coal. The provision of stack temperature monitoring will lower the BYSTRON & URBANSKI Fire Risk Index from Zp = I 1, to Zp = 1, i.e. a Low Risk. (ii) Putting out Coal fires Coal fires, as observed in stockpiles, are characterised by: * relatively short flames (20cm) * very localised fire seats, concerning at most a few dozens of kilograms of coal • very low propagation speeds, with virtually no risk of setting the whole stack in flames Once discovered, they will be put out as follows: * mechanical removal of the incandescent coal . spreading of the incandescent coal in a thin layer on the spreading zone earmarked for that purpose * putting out of the flames by ramming the coal with the bucket of the loader Using water spraying as proposed by the Proponent is not advocated: it will: * increase the moisture content of the coal * provoke leaching of acid and heavy-metal loaded waters into the local water table 6.3.10 Extra Demand on Public Utilities and Infrastructure 6.3.10.1 Impact on CWA The extra daily demand imposed on the regional potable water network will be of the order of a 3/4 meters. Considering the daily production of the regional system, about 7 000m3/d, the impact of the extra demand is almost insignificant. 6.3.10.2 Impact on CEB There will be no impact as the plant will supply CEB with electrical power. 6.3.11 Impact on Public Road Infrastructure 6.3.11.1 Origin and Mechanism of the Impact The increase in road traffic resulting from the implementation and operation of the CTSav Power Plant at Savannah will be attributable essentially to the increase in circulation rates of the 30-ton coal trailer lorries (confirm capacity and daily rips). The convergence of cane lorries to Savannah from the MTMD - Riche-en-Eau factory areas, as a consequence of the centralization to Savannah is not considered here, as the Power Station is more a consequence of the centralization policy. This issue has indeed been raised in the Stakeholders Meeting but it really has no bearing on the existence of CTSav. The increase in circulation of 30-ton coal trailer lorries during some 5 months (January-June) will in turn induce the following impacts: * increase in atmospheric pollution (coal dust, NOx, C02, PM, SOx, ...) * adding to traffic congestion, particularly along the Motorway at Port-Louis and eventually up to the Phoenix Roundabout, depending upon the time of the day 6.3.11.2 Intensity of the Impacts Let it be assumed that: * the annual consumption is about 2 x 14.108 T/h x 4 400h - 125 000 tons of coal per year * the duration of the annual operation period of 6 months * coal transportation will also take place on Sundays and holidays Then, the additional trailer lorries circulating from the Coal Terminal to the CTSav Plant through the Motorway up to the Gros-Bois exit and along the Gros Bois - Savannah link will be of the order of +24/day at most. The motorway traffic is often saturated in and around Port-Louis and the coal lorries will but add to that saturation, unless they avoid the saturation times. 6.3.12 Impacts of 66kV Transmission Line to Union Vale 6.3.12.1 Origin and Mechanism of the Impact The 66kV electric power transmission line in operation will generate an electric field and a magnetic field: * the electric field strength is dependent upon the voltage at which power is transmitted, therefore 66kV in the case of the CTSav Power Plant, with very little variation (<5%) * the magnetic field strength is a function of the current flowing in the transmission line, a quantity that fluctuates considerably depending upon the load impose by customer demand. Directly underneath the transmission line, the electric field strength to an observer on the ground is strongly influenced by the height of the conductors above the ground, and therefore, is greatest at mid-span. The following impacts may be associated with EM fields. 6.3.13.1.1 Health Hazards Power frequency magnetic fields induce currents in the body including the central nervous system. At levels much higher than those experienced by the general public, they can affect the control of movement and posture, memory, reasoning and visual processing. Power frequency electric fields induce currents in the body and can also result in direct perception effects due to alternating electric charge induced on the surface of the body causing for example body hair to vibrate. In addition, indirect effects such as microshocks can occur in strong electric fields through contact between a person and a conducting object. Power lines can produce EMF strong enough to interfere with some models of pacemakers and defibrillators. 6.3.13.1.2 Corona effect When intense electric fields (- 30kV/cm peak in the air) occur at the surface of power line conductors, in some circumstances (presence of water drops, snow flakes, and insects), ionization and electrical breakdown of the air immediately surrounding the conductor may take place. This is known as Corona Discharge. The St-Elm fire is an example. Corona is not normally encountered on systems below - 200kV. But when it occurs, it generates: * audible noise, particularly during rainy and foggy weather, and upon particulate deposits on the transmission lines * Radio and TV interference 6.3.13.2 Probability and Magnitude of the Impact Reference must be made to: * the magnitude of the electric field (kV/m) and of the magnetic field (in Gauss or the Tesla - 10 000 Gauss) that can be expected from the Savannah - Union Vale 66kV power transmission line * the presence of any exposed population The Intensity of the Magnetic Field can be inferred from the figure below EIA - CTSav: Construction and Operation of a 83.OMWPower Plant at La Baraque Page 69 75 kV j 40 132 kV 66 kV 30 20 1 0 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 Distance from centre line / m The maximum intensity of the magnetic field will be of the order of 5jiT below the mid-span, provided the transmission line is constructed as per Standard Specifications. The maximum intensity of the electric field will be of the order of 1.6kV/m below the mid-span of the transmission line. Since there are no resident populations in the R.O.W. and the intensities of the MEF's are low, impacts are likely to be insignificant. 6.3.13.3 Mitigating Measures With reference to the alignment of the 66KV transmission line as shown in figure 3.2.1.1, although the line is scheduled through sugarcane fields, it is nevertheless recommended that the alignment be no less than 50m from any residential settlements along the main road. Hence as soon as the transmission alignment is finalised and approved, no residential development should be permitted within the said buffer zone. 6.3.13.4 Impacts during Installation of the transmission line The transmission line as indicated previously will be installed in sugar cane fields. All the activities associates with its installation will be mainly confined to the fields. Moreover the contractor will be using the intemal roads within the cane fields and away from the residential areas. Hence the impacts will be minimal. 6.4 Positive Economic Impacts 6.4.1 Creation of Direct New Jobs 6.4.1.1 At Construction Phase The construction of the power plant will involve the participation of local contractors of various trades (welders, pipe fitters, mechanics, masons, electricians). Thus, for the two years during the construction will last, temporary jobs are expected. 6.4.1.2 At Operation Phase The Project will create 40 direct new permanent jobs organized as follows: The Power Plant * Plant Manager * Assistant Managers * Senior Engineers * Technicians and Quarter asters * High skill maintenance and process staff * Others Administrative * General Manager * Assistant GM * Senior Engineers * Accountants * Secretaries * Drivers 6.4.1.1 Generation of Indirect New Jobs Besides the creation of direct permanent or temporary (2 years) employment, the Project will generate work for: * Commercial Banks * Insurance Companies * Consultancy firms . Accountants * Logistics companies engaged in transport, warehousing and distribution services. 6.4.2 Avoided Investment Costs to CEB The implementation of the power station ultimately delivering 82.5MW to the national grid means avoided Capital Investment costs to CEB. The gross Foreign Exchange Earnings, during the construction period will accrue from the transfer of funds for the construction of the project, amounting to EUR100 million. From the EUR100 million, the cost of local contracting works, fabrication, civil works, will probably amount to EUR60 million. After making allowances for FC for the importation of equipment, material, etc, the corresponding net FC earnings will amount to EUR40 million. Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment Chapter 7: Environment Monitoring Plan 7.1 The Environmental Monitoring Plan The Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) is in fact an integral part of the Environmental Management Plan that has been elaborated in detail in Chapter 6, to make sure that the required environmental objectives are attained. For the purpose of the Environmental Management Plan, the EMP will aim at ascertaining that: * the mitigating measures proposed under the Environmental Plan are duly incorporated in the Project Engineering Specifications and actually implemented * any impact that may still result from the way in which the Project is implemented and run is addressed and mitigated by appropriate measures The EMP submitted in conformity with the provision of Clause 7.1 Content of an EIA. The Proponent, or his nominated Representative, will be responsible for the implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Plan that will be implemented during the Project Operation phases. 7.2 EMP at Construction Phase With reference to the foregoing, the Environmental Monitoring Plan recommended for the Project in its Construction Phase can be planned as described hereunder in Table 7.2.1. 7.3 EMP at Operation Phase With reference to the foregoing, the Environmental Monitoring Plan recommended for the Project in its Operation Phase can be planned as described hereunder in Table 7.2.2. 7.4 Development of Contingency Plans Contingency plans, in connection with road transport of used hydrocarbons, have already been submitted by AZUR44and approved by the Authorities. It is expected that similar contingency plan have been prepared and submitted by the Coal Terminal responsible for the road transport and delivery of coal to coal-fired power stations at Belle-Vue, F.U.E.L. and DRBC. 44 AZUR: Company responsible for the operation and recycling of used oil and other oily wastes in the Harbour Table 7.2.1: Environmental Monitoring Plan at Construction Stage ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILITY Following handing over, the Site Plan shall be established detailing 1.1 Detailed Site Plan the layout of Site facilities such as access points, temporary ablution Contractor's Representative and sanitary facilities, stockpiling areas, storage of hazardous materials if any, earthmoving equipment, temporary technical yard 1.2 Site Fencing Site shall be properly fenced and its access controlled -Ditto- The heavy vehicle routes shall be identified and all necessary Police 1. Site Establishment & Clearance 1.3 Heavy vehicle routes Escort arrangements and Road Authority Clearance obtained in view -Ditto- of importation of heavy and bulky equipment to Site An estimate of daily potable and construction water requirements shall be provided for the duration of the Construction Period 1.4 Provision of Services Likewise for electricity consumption -Ditto- Temporary ablution and sanitary facilities, appropriate waste containers shall be provided Removal and disposal of sugar cane from Site after the issue of Land 1.5 Vegetation clearance Conversion and Re-zoning permits shall be to the approval of the -Ditto- Responsible Party, and the Sugar Estate Areas for the stockpiling of imported materials such as rock sand, topsoil, basalt aggregates must be carefully chosen to avoid 2.1 Stockpiled Material interfering with or contaminating Site drainage under rain storms. -Ditto- Stockpiled topsoil, and sand shall not be taller than 6m, covered or regularly dampened to avoid nuisance from wind-born dust 2. Materials Management 2.2 Storage and containment of Hydrocarbon & Hazardous NOT APPLICABLE Wastes EIA - CTDS: Construction and Operation of a83. 0MW Power Plant. Page 73 Table 7.2.1 (continued): Environmental Monitoring Plan at Construction Stage ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILITY The Site is to be kept free of litter at all time. Food leftovers shall be 3.1 Collection and disposal of packed in bins to be hauled by a nominated Solid Waste Operator. Domestic and Construction Construction wastes shall be stored in a demarcated area protected -Ditto- Solid Waste from rain to prevent leachate running pending haulage to an approved 3. Waste Management landfill. Adequate toilet facilities shall be provided and sited with the Engineers approval far away from water courses. The facilities could 3.2 Sanitary facilities be a septic tank with a temporary leaching field, or of the 'chemical -Ditto- type' to be emptied periodically by specialised effluent tankers and disposed at the Mare-Chicose treatment Plant Heavy earthmoving equipment shall be serviced on a suitable 4.1 Equipment Servicing temporary RC platform to fall within a collecting sump, and all used -Ditto- hydrocarbons shall thus be retrieved and disposed of in a landfill or a bagasse furnace authorized for combustion of waste oils The nominated Representative of the Contractor shall submit monthly 4.2 EMP Reports reports to the Engineer who will verify the information -Ditto- Complaints received regarding the construction activities on Site that relate to the Environment shall be recorded in a special designated 4. General 4.3 Complaints received register and the response noted with the date and the action taken. -Ditto- This record shall be submitted with the monthly EMP report and be available for inspection by the regulatory authorities. When heavy vehicles from Site have to access Public Roads, they 4.4 Mud Pollution of Public shall not be allowed to spread mud from Site on the said Public -Ditto- Roads Roads which shall be maintained free of mud at all times by a gang specially affected to that task As soon as possible after the Contractor has taken possession of Site water samples shall be collected from Ruisseau Kennel, River Tabac, 4.5 Baseline Data and Ruisseau Vinay and the samples analyzed to supplement the -Ditto- Acquisition Baseline Data to the Report. EIA - CTDS: Construction and Operation of a 83.OMW Power Plant Page 74 Table 7.2.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan at Operation Stage ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILITY Hazardous material such as lead accumulators for the DC units, shall 1.1 Storage of Hazardous be stored and serviced in a demarcated area, fenced and of restricted -The Plant Operator- Material access. All hydrocarbon containers shall be stored within a suitable 1. Materials Management reinforced-concrete area surrounded by a containment (bunded) wall 1.2 Storage of Hydrocarbon to a capacity of at least 1 10% of that of the containers. -Ditto- A regular hydrocarbon material balance shall be kept to equate supply to usage and detect all losses from the storage tanks. Systematic temperature monitoring of the Strategic Coal Storage shall 1.3 Temperature Monitoring be carried out by means of probe-mounted thermometers and water- of Strategic Coal Storage tight ports shall be built into the Storage Shield for that purpose, with -Ditto- facilities for inhibiting all external air intrusion when the probes are not in place. Domestic wastes shall be packed in bins to be hauled to sanitary landfill by a nominated Solid Waste Operator. 2.1 Domestic Waste -Ditto- * A regular battery count shall be kept to equate operational units to discarded ones and ensure that the totality of the latter are hauled to safe disposal * All hydrocarbon wastes - used oil from Generator Set, storage 2. Waste Management 2.2 Hazardous Wastes tank sludge, 'oily waters', shall be removed by the nominated Supplier team qualified for such tasks, for safe disposal by AZUR -Ditto- EIA - CTDS: Construction and Operation of a83.OMW Power Plant. Page 75 Table 7.2.2 (continued): Environmental Monitoring Plan at Operation Stage ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILITY Fly ashes from the ESP will be first moistened to - 15% humidity and 2.3 Collection of Combustion then transported in covered trucks for disposal in landfills Wastes Furnace slag, more stable by nature, shall be collected and stored in -Ditto- open bins pending disposal (i) Fly ashes: * Fly ash can either be delivered in their covered bins to Building Companies for incorporation in concrete as an additive to Portland cement in conformity with ruling Technical Specification, or -Ditto- 2.4 Disposal of Combustion moistened to - 15%, transported in covered trucks for disposal in Wastes land filling sites with the approval of the Landfill Management (ii) Slag: 2. Waste Management * Slag can be used either for land filling, incorporated with concrete or in the construction of road bases and sub-bases Resins used in the Demineralization Plant are regenerated in brine 2.5 Collection and Disposal which is neutralized in the neutralization pit before being mixed with of Demin Plant brine and other liquid effluents. -Ditto- resins Used resins will be burnt in the furnace Coal dust from the coal reception and conditioning unit floor 2.6 Collection and Disposal washings will be recuperated at the settling pond, dried and disposed of coal dust of in landfill 3. Air Quality Monitoring 3.1 Stack Emissions Monitoring of key parameters such as PMIO, CO, C02, S02 etc. at least once each during the crop and intercrop seasons 3.2 Ambient Air Quality Analysis of ambient S02 concentrations using a HVAS within a radius of 1 500m around the Power Station, taking into account wind direction. EIA - CTDS: Construction and Operation of a 83.0MW Power Plant Page 76 Table 7.2.2 (continued): Environmental Monitoring Plan at Operation Stage ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILITY The nominated Representative of the Plant Owner and Operator shall 4.1 EMP Reports submit monthly reports to the Department of Environment as -Ditto- requested Complaints received regarding the construction activities on Site that relate to the Environment shall be recorded in a special designated 4.2 Complaints received register and the response noted with the date and the action taken. -Ditto- This record shall be submitted with the monthly EMP report and be 4. General available for inspection by the regulatory authorities. When heavy vehicles from Site have to access Public Roads, they 4.3 Mud Pollution of Public shall not be allowed to spread mud from Site on the said Public -Ditto- Roads Roads which shall be maintained free of mud at all times by a gang specially affected to that task When the Plant shall be in operation, water samples shall be collected 4.4 Baseline Data at the point of discharge of ALL Effluents from the Power Station, Acquisition and the samples analyzed to provide Baseline Data to the Authorities. -Ditto- Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment Chapter 8: Conclusions 8.1 In January 2004 the Central Electricity Board (CEB) launched a tender for the purchase and importation of electrical power on the National Grid. Compagnie Thermique de Savannah LtWe (hereinafter referred to as CTSav), a public liability societe company duly registered in Mauritius submitted an offer based on the implementation and operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired 2x41.5MW steam power plant at La Baraque, and the construction of a 66kV transmission link from La Baraque to Union Vale. 8.2 CTSav's offer has subsequently been retained. A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) has been substantially negotiated and concluded with the CEB on the 18 February 2005 for the sale to CEB of about of 335GWhE per year, power importation to the National Grid being modulated in function of customer demand (expected average production 335GWhE per year). 8.3 The Project will be located next to the La Baraque Sugar Factory in the district of Grand-Port - Savane, on a plot of land owned by Savannah Sugar Estate, and released for the Project as authenticated by a notary public. The land hitherto under cane, CTSav has submitted for the necessary Re-zoning and Land Conversion Permit. 8.4 The proposed Power Station has been the object of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), a mandatory exercise in conformity with the provisions of the Environment Protection Act 2002 (Mauritius). 8.5 Negative Impacts have been identified with the operation of the Power Plant. They are mainly associated with: * Atmospheric emissions that will decrease the ambient air quality in the region. In particular the ambient level of Sulphur dioxide during the inter crop season when CTSav will operate on coal as combustible. * Other coal/bagasse combustion products, and ashes (bottom ash or slag, and fly ashes) * Liquid effluents such as resin wash waters from the boiler water demineralization unit, oily and dust contaminated waters from the Plant * Hydrocarbon wastes (lube oil sludge, used lube oils) from the Plant a On-site storage of coal • Intensification of lorry traffic, noise and atmospheric emissions from road transportation of coal 8.6 The negative impacts that could result there from can be effectively mitigated by the implementation of the following measures: * Increasing the stack gas ejection velocity in coal-combustion mode from 10 m/s to not lower than 20m/s susceptible of enhancing atmospheric dispersion of S02 * Collection and pretreatment of the liquid effluents to the standard prescribed for their discharge by the appropriate Regulations * Prevention and/ or containment of leachate from the coal stock piles * Prevention and fighting of fires originating spontaneously from the strategy coal storage * Collection of fly ashes for eventual incorporation in concrete as per appropriate technical specifications, and in agreement with Construction Firms * Collection of slag and its disposal by incorporation in civil engineering structures as per Standard Specifications, or in a landfill * Neutralisation of effluents from the demineralization plant and their reuse for irrigation. 8.7 Positive Impacts are basically of socio-economic nature. They will result from inter alia: • Availability at avoided cost to CEB, of a 83.OMWE net guaranteed production capacity * A more efficient exploitation of bagasse, the familiar renewable biomass source of energy * The provision of temporary employment to various professional trades during construction and permanent employment thereafter during operation Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment APPENDIX A - Site Ownership ATTEST&TI,N Ceci est une attcstatior tzon a lefluct que Cvmnpagnic Suairrc'rHE SAVANNAH SUGAR ESTAI'ES COMPANY LMTED' a, aux tcnics d(un actc reCu ?ar Me. Rent* Maigrot, aincien notairc, lc vingt quatre Novebrc nrml ncuf cent quarante quatre, eiregiratt' au Reg C 205 No,4493 ct transcrLt au Vol.487 NoA48 acquis de Il Cornpagnic Savinia Limitcd cntrc uu-et: bieu,, Ic buen bi-aprnt d6crit, CHAITRE I LA DARAQUV La propriJlW &rigcc en suCrcnc connuc oous le no:n de "La BarutQuc", nituec au quarticr du Grand Port d'une contenan1ce de MILLE SOIXANTE QUATORZE ARPENTS SOIXANTE TREIZE PERCHES. Port Louis, lie Mouricc, cc s:x Juillet de I'an deux nullc cinq.- L?7 THE SAVANNAH SUGAR ESTATES LI L COUPANT LIMITED ro WHOM IF MAY (OrNC LRK Following the Power Purchaw Agrecicnit signed betwccn Compagnme Tlierniquc de Savannah (CTSav) and The Central Elcirricity Board [CEB] on tIc 18t of ebrwiavy 2005. thc ncw coalbagasse power plant will bc consucicd on the choscn site at La Baraquc. Th site of an extcnt of 4 683 hcctarcs will bc cxciscd from a plot of land of 1074 A 73 p as per TV 487 No 48 i:. situated at La Bquc and belon_; to The Savan:nah Sugar Estates Co. Ltd. as aultenticated by the ccnrirtcatc drawn rfor that purpose, by notary pLblic Mc Picrrc Monlocch io. This is to conswm that the prescnt owner, 1Thc Savannah Sugar EsiatrG Co Ltd, has relta'icd thc land to ClSav fhr the purpose of constucling a coalb;aigsc pov%c, plarnt on the site. The Savannah Sugar Eutrts Co Ltd. also confirrns that it has alrcady granted thei niccssary way leave for the crwtion of the nccct-sry 66 KV lincs frm the sitc to the CEB Llnion-Vi sub-station on the land belonging eo the company T*[E SAVANNA N I SUCGAR ESTATES CO. Lil Di 7".- i-ww:^,a Clo'ba r 1 loiwssoEie 'S-lC$'b,,.tt- -rr it- 3; : :; s-2.tl .;oz5lU -- - ¢ -lfJ,* 4 -- 4VIRC.". ! Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment APPENDIX B - Ambient Air Quality Modelling Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment Ambient Air Quality Simulations Baseline Data - Crop Season Sources: Savannah S.E Union Saint Aubin S.E Mon Tresor Mon Desert S.E Centrale Thermique du Sud -c \ o- ~~~ ~ L P.'',-L ( A <- BEM EN S .. . G II ". N ..)y .-LOI -, - ~/ PO WLR R PLA Range Beg. Range End Color (pg/m3) (;.g/m3) 0 1 5 1 5 30 3 0 45 45 60 60 75 75 90 1095° 12°0 BASELINE DATA - Crop Seasor 135 ISO Ambient Pollutant: CO -- 160 180 Averaging Time: I HOUR -t2 2190 225 Standard Maximum: 25000Fug/m' N225 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIEN-I- A-IR QUALITIY ()N SI TE - Polar Distribution of Carbon Monoxide Concentration S.l.G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Partners - Associated Consulting Engineers - Port Louis - MAURITIUS II.JNE M4ACNI4N X X .i ' Fgn--. MN DESER CA RCBIEAtJNt, C'I 11~ LA PALLE MALAK ! - .. t -,t rA, Range Beg Range End Color (.Lg/m3)(1O-B) (Ilg/m3)(1O8) 0.0 2.5 2.5 5.0 5.0 7.5 7.5 10.0 10.0 12.5 12.5 15.0 15S.0 17.5 BSLN 175 20.0 BASELINE DATA - Crop Season 20.0 22.5Poltn 22'5 25.0 Ambient Pollutant: PCDD 25.0 27.5 275. 30°0 Averaging Time: 1 HOUR ,7 30.0 32.5 32.5 35.0 35 0 37.5 - >37.5 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ON SI TE - Poiar Distribution of Dioxine Concentration S.I.G.MA. - Ove Aup & Partners - Assodated Consulting Engineers - Port Louis - MAURITIUS MAEN- L- CARAaEMa .N 'I* E- -MON OES.S '''-CRRLA \Ast\. lAr - k LA FARM L \ ,LAKCff CPA CARREAU l -tx - SAVANNp CARO1 '- / - Range Beg. Range End Color (Pg/r3) (tg/m3) 0.00 0.75 0.75 1.50 1.50 2.25 225 3.00 3.00 3.75 3.75 4.50 45.2 6.00 BASELINE DATA - Crop Seasor 4.250 5.25ro 6.00 6.75 7,So 7'5°0 Ambient Pollutant: NO) 7.50 a.25 9080 900 Averaging Time: 24 HOURK 9.75 10.50 Standard Maximum: 200Ig/rmn 10.50 11.25 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COALIBAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALIT ON SITE - Polar Distribution of Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration S. I.G.MA. - Ove Arup & Partners - Assodated Csuflng Erginei - Port Louis - MAURITIUS -, ' CSARRMo rwSNoJ. - TW -ML mKNF.B N. ~MON M IAFIJ. N. (} '\ \,l, A-F) CAREIAI LA PALE SVANNAH * / / 1KPOWER IVT Range Beg. Range End Color (pg/m3) (AgImr) 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 BASELINE DATA- Crop Season 14 16BAEIEDT-CrpSao 16 18 18 20 Ambient Pollutant: PM1 C 20 22 22 24 Averaging Time: 24 HOURS . 24 26 26 30 Standard Maximum : 1 OOg/m3 >30 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBiENT AIR QUALITY ON Si TE - Polar Distribution of Particulate Concentration S.I.G.M - Ove Anup & Parers - Associated Consulting Enginerrs - Port Louis - MAURITIUS o' - \-. CAMA CFAts5N0Fi .' 0 rRESO I ThOISBiQU MON DESER -' L M>A -.1AJ,wO C AA'EAU L L.AA AOf \ 'o ^POW RPAANT Rtange Beg. Range End Color (LWm/3) (4g/M3) 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 70 so BASELINE DATA - Crop Seasor 100 110 Ambient Pollutant: SO: 110 120 Averaging Time: 1 HOUR 120 130 140 140 Standard Maximum : 350p,g/m-, CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COALUBAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALITY UN SITE - Polar Distribution of Suiphur Dioxide Concentration __S.I.G.MA.- Ove Arup & Partwes - Assoclated Consulring Enginmeer - Port Louils - MAURITIUS TUfl4s BOUWiQuE O TRESO MONODESER ~CAWtAU ]IAPAIJ I NI LA po;wN Range Beg. Range En Color (jig.mn) (gg'm,) 0.0 1.5 1.5 3.0 3.0 4.5 4.5 6.0 6.0 7.5 7.5 9.0 9.0 10.5-CrpSao Ins5 12.0 BASELINE DATA-CrpSao 12.0 13.,5Poltn 13.5 1s.0 Ambient Pluat O 15.0 16.5 16.,5 lao Averaging Time: 24 HOURS 1980 21.0 Standard Maximum :200pg/m2 21.0 22.5 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COALIBAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENTI AIR QUALITY' ON SITE - Polar Distribution of Sulphur Dioxide Concentration ___ __ S.ILG.MA. - Ove Arup & Patrters - Associated Consulting Engineems - Port Louis - MAURITIUS Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment Ambient Air Quality Simulations Baseline Data - InterCrop Season Source: Centrale Thermique du Sud tE a.- C AMFlA,ISNOIJF -- - - BouTwMON TUS MON DESER I. -. B. RageCAEE Coo ((m3 -'A / c I. MALAXORT -I~ 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 BASELINE Ra- End /Ambient3Pollutant: C 10 11 *1 12 AveragingTime :1 HOUR 13 14 Standard Maximum: 25000 14 IS CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRiED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALTY ON SITE - Polar Distribution of Carbon Monoxide Concentration -- SIGMA. - Ove Aiup 8 Partners - Associaed Consulting Engineers - Port Louis - MAUeRITIUS - H 88 \ WXi i.- 4 tMON DEE MALAKOFF% X~>- /,\I t'-'> CAW CAR M VE' WPnE -L W., . . N . Range Beg. Range End Color (pg/m3)(109 (A.g/M3)(1M8) O.OS 0.10 0.110 0.15 0 15 0.20 0 20 0.25 0 .25 0.30 °.'35° 0'30 BASELINE DATA - Intercrop Seasor o0.45 o°:ss Ambient Pollutant: PCDC - - 55 065°AveragingTime: 1 HOUF 0.65 0.70 -;'. 0.70 0.75 ;-0.75 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALiTY ON SITE - Poiar Distributon of Dioxine Concentration S.I.G.MA. - Ove AmJp & ParUierS - Associated Consultirng Engineem - Port Louis - MAURITIUS ESNOUF A - NO4VALE ThOIS SOn7QUE 2 MON TRESO MON DESEE *,~ c-' C4> . . I -.* PMAAKOWEr LE BOUCOIO LA== SA VANN /OJFL CANO Range Beg. Range End Color (pg/m3) (g/nm3) 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 35° 4.'0 BASELINE DATA - Intercrop Seasor 4.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 Ambient Pollutant: NO) .5.0 5.5 5.05 6.5 Averaging Time: 24 HOURS 70 7.5 Standard Maximum: 2OOpg/m2 >17.5 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ON SITE - Polar Distribution of Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration S. I.G.MA - Ove Anup & Partners - Assocdated Consuling Enginrs - Port Louis - MAURITIUS EN ESNOUF l\ - ''' O' TWS SUTpixMON TRESC MON DESEE CARRtEA LA PALE A~~~I &W RA ? -'-UE CAAREA Range Beg. Range End Color (plg/m3) (ig/m5) 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 25 3.0 3.0 3.05AA '-'-Sao 3.5 40 BASELINE DATA - Intercrop Seasor 4.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 Ambient Pollutant: PM1( 5.0 5.5 -.'-0 5.50 6.0 Averaging Time: 24 HOUR! 6.0 65 7.0W 6.5 7.5 Standard Maximum: 100,ig/m: >75. CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIRl QUALIFY ON SITE - Polar Distribution of Particulate Concentration S.l.G.MA. - Ove Arup & Partners - Associad Consurtng Engineems - Port Louis - MAURITIUS- -3s ) --gO -0 -~~O - \L S FI CAAMAFEAUI .. N - UN0I.1 MALAXOW L --'S 010 -VV 'sn- Range Beg. Range End Color (jgg/m31) (Aig.m3J 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 70 70 BSLN 670 0 BASELINE DATA - Intercrop Seasor o0 90 Ambient Pollutant: SO, 900 100 110 120 Averaging Time:1 HOUR ; 'r~ i120 130 140 140 Standard Maximum: 350lig/m' CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALI I Y ON SI E - Polar Distribution of Suiphur Dioxide Concentration S.I.G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Parters - Assodated Consulirng Engireers - Port Louis - MAURITIUS Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment Ambient Air Quality Simulations Centrale Thermique Savannah Operational - Crop Season Sources: Union Saint Aubin S.E Centrale Thermnique du Sud Centrale Thermique Savannah (Bagasse) IROIS /auflQqjs 'MON DESEC __d" T.b LE BOUO34O Color (ligm3 (g/n3 \ \ne-9 > 2- . > \4 g A\VA NNAH- ) \ ff X 2 WER PLANTi Rag,e. Rag End Color (pg/m3) (jig/n3) 0 75 75 150 150 225 225 300 300 375 375 545 525 CTSav OPERATIONAL- Crop Seasor 600 600 675 675 Ambient Pollutant: CC 750 750 825 825 Averaging Time: 1 HOUF 975 975 1050 150 Standard Maximum: 25000g/m: >1 125 1125 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ON SITE - Polar Distribution of Carbon Monoxide Concentration S.I.G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Parblers - Assodated Consulting Engineers - Port Louils - MAURITIUS MALNON0, f %MON DESER LC.. A PAIJJ i AMMAg00 N ~CARREALJ ~' , Range Beg. Range End ColorLJ LE/r3(18 (g/L3)(l0 0.00 1.25 1.25 2.50 2.50 3.75 3.75 5.00 5.00 6.25 6.25 7.50 1000 1°°25°CTSav OPERATIONAL - Crop Season 10.0 11.25°m in Pollutant:P D ,-. 13.5o 15.2°S Averaging Time: :1 HOUR 16.25 17.50 1 7.50 1 8.75 a.snE CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIEN T AIR QUAL:I IY U7N Si TE - Polar Distribution of Dioxine Concentration SolMr.gM Ap1&8e - osltEs RITIUS -- ciqv TKO MON TRE5C MON DESEI CAMtEA k 3LA PALLE N ~TA CA1 (M LEBOUCHMI t ARRA(M / Range Beg. Range End Color (1Ag/m3) (g/m3) 0.0 1.5 1.5 3.0 3.0 4.5 4.5 6.0 6.0 7.5 7.5 9.0 9.0 10.5 105. 1230 CTSav OPERATIONAL - Crop Seasor 13.5 15.0 Ambient Pollutant: NO) 15.0 16.5 165 180 Averaging Time: 24 HOUR! 18.0 19.5 19 5 21.0 2190 22.5 Standard Maximum: 200pg/m ~>22.5 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBiEN T AiR QUALi Y uN SITE - Polar Distribution of Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration SIGMA. - Ove Arup & ParIers - Assodated Consulting Engineers - Port Louis - MAURITIUS /~~~. *. C EAT '.- ' , i0U 7,-~ WaNJJ i-.-' XA 1306m 3OfQl . ~MON TRES MON Du5 CAPAIIE .- (~ Li DDUO40/ ( - Range Beg. Range End Color (g±/m3) (Rigm') 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.50 0.50 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.7°5 2.00 CTSav OPERATIONAL - Crop Seasor 22°S 2.50 Ambient Pollutant: PM1 C 257°5 3.00o Averaging Time : 24 HOLJR' txr.--< 3325° 3.520Sadr ainm 01gm ' f4 3.250 3.750 3.03.75 Sadr aiu:1Opgm - .375 CONSTRUCTION & OPE ION OF A 83MW COALAGASSE-FED POWR PLANT AT SAVANN AMBIENT AiR QUALITY ON SiT E - Polar D)istribution of Particulate Concentration S.lG.MA. - Ove Arup & Partners - Associatd Consultng Engineers - Part Louis - MAURITIUS -~~~~O E - --- ---T MA 4E% N, UldION~MJ TRNS BoT1QIu MON TRESO MON DOEE L ~A PALLE MiALAKcOR '1%~ CAMP CAU4 LEU BOUO34OFN [ L-5 A|& VANNPs,Qt- ,, '- \ % ,\ 5POWER PLANf\ '-- 10 2 ,) , - 11- .. 20 3 0 Range Beg. Range End Color ("g/m3) (#3 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 760 8° CTSav OPERATIONAL - Crop Seasor 90 100 Ambient Pollutant: SO; 900 100 100 110 Averaging Time: I HOUR 120 130 140 140 Standard Maximum: 350,ug/m" ->150 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ON SITE - Polar Distribution of Sulphur Dioxide Concentration S. I.G.M A. - Ove Arup & Partners - Assocated Consulting Enginoers - Port Louis - MAURITIUS Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment Ambient Air Quality Simulations Centrale Thermique Savannah Operational - InterCrop Season Sources: Centrale Thermique du Sud Centrale Thermique Savannah (Coal) MAtCNfg 4 -, CARRLVAb!SNOU,0 T hO nISBOUIQF MON TRESO L 1 -EEA MON DESER -, a : ULA PAW MAJ-''-' / ~CAEA4J RangeL BeOURage En SAVMA Range Heg. Range End Color (Ag/mi) (Ag/m3) 0.0 1.5 1.5 3.0 3.0 4.5 4.5 6.0 6.0 7.5 7.5 9.0 19.0 13°.5 CrSav OPERATIONAL - Intercrop Seasor 13.5 15.0 Ambient Pollutant: CC 15.0 16.5 16.5 19.0 Averaging Time: 1 HOUR 18.0 19.5 19.5 21.0 21.0 22.5 Standard Maximum: 25000I.g/m! >22.5 F CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COALIBAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ON SITE - Polar Distribution of Carbon Monoxide Concentration L S. I .G.MA. - Ove Arup & Parblers - Associated Consutrng Engineers - Port Louis - MAURITIUS A-- - TROI -OUNQU MON- rRE" .t -o ;' 0X- REAIJ ,-, N4 , LA PALJ NOU ff~ UMO' - - -- f Range Be&1U R EndE!O BIN sn-E. Color pm)19(m31) 0.00 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.30 0.45 0.45 0.60 0.60 0.75 0.75 0.90 1°905 t205 CrSav OPERATIONAL - Intercrop Seasor 1 350 1.65° Ambient Pollutant: PCDC 1.65 1L80 AveragingTime: I HOUF 0.95 0.10 2.10 2.25 >2.25 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ON SITE - Polar Distrlbut-ion of D)ioxine Concentration -- -S. I.G.M.A. - Ove Arup 8 Partners - Associated Conulting9 Engineers - Port Louls - MAURITIUS - c ESNOU TU.a 'U Q- MON TRES MON DESER MNEO d.- SS V v ---T. CCARREAU LA PALLEJ4O ,1 '' S- SAVISA POWER PLANT U v J Range Beg. Range End Color (pgI/m3) (iglmr3) 0 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8CTSav OPERATIONAL - Intercrop Season H 10 Ambient Pollutant: NOx 10 11 11 12 Averaging Time: 24 HOURS 12 13 14 14 Standard Maximum: 200pg/m3 - >15 CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAIJBAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ON SITE - Polar Distribution of Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration LrS.I.G.MA. - Ove Arup & Parters - Associated Consulting Engineers - Port Louis - MAURITIUS ,. / iuces Wtni~w *' UM0NALr-MN 1C S I suQjE MON TREEC "N T% ACA0 RanBe B;eg. Range End Color (I.tg/m3) (jig/rn) 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.20 - 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.45 0.45° 0.450 Ambient Pollutant: PM1 C 0.50 0.55 - 0.55 0.60 AveragingTime:24 HOURS f3,* 0.60 0.65 0jZtzoE o65 0.705 Standard Maximum: 1 00 jI/rn - >0.75 L CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83M COABAGASSE-FLRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH # AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ON SITE - Poiar Distribution of Particulate Concentration S.I.G.MA. - Ove ArUp & Pares- Associatso Consulting Engineers - Port Louis - MAUJRITIUS__ B.CRA NOIg ( TRI Bouqu X 'slA ' / M; \"ON MR - N UAPALLI NIA 'I 00U0401.J' - - Range Beg. Range End Color (jig/rn3) (1g8/m3) 20 40° 40 60 60 80 80 100 100 120 120 140Inero 140 16 ~~CTSav OPERATIONAL - ItropSeason 200 220o Ambient Pollutant : S02 -AveragingTlime: 1 HOUR - ,2808 300 StnadMaximum:30gm | CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF A 83MW COAL/BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT AT SAVANNAH AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ON SITE - Polar Distribution of Sulphur Dioxide Concentration SITE __ _ _ ...M.- Ov Aup&Pites- socae Cnu~n ngnes ot ois-M URLU Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant -U-Savannah EnvironmemaImpact Assessment Ambient Air Quality Simulations Pollutant Concentration at Discreet Receptors and Maximum Concentration Pollutant Concentration (gg/lr3) - Baseline Crop Season Relativr Location S02 NOX co Doixine sx lc-9) P 10 I (nI y (m) Dist (rnl Dlrect (deg) lbr 24hr Annual 24hr Ihr Ihl 24hr Annual 24hr Hospital -A -256.16 276.64 377 317.2 92.4 6.9 0.09 4.7 67.0 14.1 2.2 0.24 6.1 Police Sn I/ Post Ofrice - B -651.21 393 77 761 301 2 102 0 7 3 0 18 5 0 160.6 28 0 5 5 0 73 17 0 Mosque / Temple / Market - C -695.99 305.55 760 293.7 100.8 6.7 0.20 4.9 164.2 28.3 5.2 0.80 17.8 School - D -921.13 276 14 962 286.7 102 9 7.4 0.24 4 9 1672 290 5.7 0 97 '0 1 St Francois Xavier RC Church - E -817.51 95.86 823 276.7 101.6 7.3 0.24 5.4 169.2 29.3 5.8 0.96 20.7 Health Centre - F -984.23 -135 87 994 262 1 89.4 8. 1 0 26 5.9 160.3 28.3 6 9 1 02 23 8 Temples / Village Hall - G -1113.4 113.46 1119 275.8 100.9 7.1 0.25 5.1 155.1 27.1 6.3 1.01 19.7 Communuv Cenire- H -1137 7 -284.19 1173 2S6.0 79.5 8 0 024 5 7 156.4 28 1 64 0 92 21 9 School - I -869.1 -302.09 920 250.8 59.1 7.7 0.22 5.4 163.3 29.5 6.4 0.82 21.0 Mosqu- - J 1082.7 -537 12 1209 243 6 56.8 6.6 0 21 5 4 150.7 27.5 60 0 74 21 1 Temple - K -894.46 -822.2 1215 227.4 57.8 6.5 0.16 5.0 146.9 26.9 5.9 0.50 18.9 Cemetery - L -691.56 -984.82 1203 215.1 57 1 6 4 0.10 4.6 139 9 25 6 4 8 0 31 12.6 Temple / Village Hall - M -820.42 -1152.7 1415 215.4 53.2 6.6 0.09 4.8 138.4 25.5 4.5 0.31 12.0 IMaikel -N -721.97 -1254 1447 20991 56 2 6 1 0.0W1 4 6 131.9 244 4 2 0 25 10 3 Pollutant Concentration (itg/m3) - Baseline Intercrop Season Relative Location S02 N_ON CO Diovine lx e-9 P131It1 x(m)j y(m)| Dist Im) Direct (deg) Ihr 24hr| Annual 24hr .lbr Ibr 24hr Annual 24hr Hospital - A -256.16 276.64 377 317.2 90.5 6.7 0.08 1.9 11.3 0.6 0.0 0.00 0.2 Polkce Smn Posi Office- B -651 21 393 77 761 301.2 97 2 64 0 07 1.8 122 0 6 0.0 0 00 Q.1 Mosque / Temple / Market - C -695.99 305.55 760 293.7 95.9 5.9 0.07 1.7 12.0 0.6 0.0 0.00 0.1 School - D -921.13 27614 962 286 7 97.9 6 5 0 07 18 12 2 06 00 0 00 0 1 St Francois Xavier RC Church - E -817.51 95.86 823 276.7 96.5 6.3 0.07 1.8 12.1 0.6 0.0 0.00 0.1 Health Centre - F -984 23 -135 87 994 262 1 84 5 6 9 0 08 1.9 10.6 o 0.0 0 000 0.2 Tenmple \iIkilge H-ill G 1113 4 113 -lb I I I 7 9ht 3 7 l 7 12' 1 .h ' i11. 1 11 Communit) Cenire-H -1137.7 -284 19 1173 256'0 747 ( 9 u08 2U 9.3 0t d 0 U 3 0.00 School - I -869.1 -302.09 920 250.8 54.0 6.6 0.09 1.9 6.8 0.3 t.1) 11"'i i2 Mosque- J -1082 7 -53712 1209 243 6 521 56 009 l 6 5 0 3 00 u00 d 1 Temple- K -894.46 -822.2 1215 227.4 53.3 5.5 0.08 1.5 6.7 0.3 0.0 0.00 0.1 Cenictern - L -691.56 -984 82 1203 21 1 52 7 55 006 I 6 o6 03 7) u 00 U I Temple/VillageHall -M -820.42 -1152.7 1415 215.4 48.9 5.8 0.05 1.6 6.1 0.3 0.0 0.00 0.1 Ma -N -721.97 -1254 1447 2799 52 1 5 3 o 05. 1 5 65 0.3S (I] 0 00- I IAm., /2.1di 2fl05-ls: Sel L~calmos - Pige 12. Pollutant Concentration Qig/m3) - CTSAV Crop Season Relathe Location S02 NONX Co Dvine (x Ie-9) PNIIO) x (nA (j) Dial (m) Direct (deg) lhr 24hr Annual 24hr lhr lbr 24hr Annual Z4hr Hospital -A -256.16 276.64 377 317.2 92.2 6.9 0.08 3.5 46.0 6.6 0.5 0.01 1.0 Police Sm / Post Ofice - 8 -651.21 393 77 761 301 2 112.8 20 6 0.17 9.4 972 8 25.2 2.4 0 14 2 4 Mosque / Temple / Market - C -695.99 305.55 760 293.7 112.9 21.7 0.20 9.8 1069.1 26.6 2.5 0.19 2.4 School - D -921.13 276.14 962 286 7 11Z7 198 034 12 9 Q14.8 24 3 3 4 0 38 3 4 St Francois Xavier RC Church - E -817.51 95.86 823 276.7 112.9 21.3 0.29 11.3 1021.0 26.3 2.9 0.30 2.8 Health Cenne - F -984 23 -135 87 994 2b2 1 99 2 20.0 0 40 12 0 898.3 24 3 3.1 0 44 3 2 Temples / Village Hall - G -1113.4 113.46 1119 275.8 109.6 18.0 0.44 13.3 819.5 21.8 3.6 0.51 3.8 Cormmunity Cnrre - H -1137.7 .284 19 1173 256 0 89.7 20 4 0 49 13 0 919.2 24.8 3 4 0 56 3 8 School - I -869.1 -302.09 920 250.8 72.6 23.6 0.37 11.6 1150.6 29.4 3.0 0.38 3.7 Mosque - J -1082 7 -537 12 1209 243 6 71.0 23 0 0 46 13.6 1172 8 296 3.7 0 51 4.3 Temple - K -894.46 -822.2 1215 227.4 66.7 17.4 0.32 12.9 814.5 22.2 3.5 0.33 4.2 CemeLerb - L -691.56 -984 82 1203 215 1 66.2 17 5 0 22 11.9 817.9 22.3 3 2 0 22 3 4 Temple / Village Hall - M -820.42 - 1152.7 1415 215.4 61.8 17.2 0.23 13.4 779.3 21.5 3.6 0.25 3.5 Market - N -721.97 -1254 1447 209 9 64 8 16 7 0 19 I 26 774 2 21 . 3 4 0 19 32 Pollutant Concentration (jig/m3) - CTSAV Intercrop Season Relative Location S02 _ _ NOX CO Dio ine xI e-9 PM 10 x (m) y (m. Dist (m) Direct (deg) Ihr 24hr Amunral 24hr lhr lbr 24br A.anual 24b r Hospital - A -256.16 276.64 377 317.2 93.0 6.8 0.08 1.9 11.4 0.6 0.0 0.00 0.2 Police Stn.1 Posi Oflice - B -651.21 393 77 761 301 2 260 6 25 4 149 6 3 18 2 2 2 0 2 r)01 0 4 Mosque / Temple / Market - C -695.99 305.55 760 293.7 270.0 25.2 1.90 6.2 18.4 2.2 0.2 0.02 0.4 School - D -921 13 27614 962 286 7 246 7 33 9 3 53 8.3 17 7 2 0 0 3 0 03 0 5 St Francois Xavier RC Church - E -817.51 95.86 823 276.7 262.9 28.4 2.90 7.0 18.2 2.2 0.2 0.03 0.5 Health Centre - F -984.23 -135 87 994 262 1 229.0 30 2 4 07 7 5 15 9 1 9 0 3 ' 04 0 5 1'emples/VillageHall -G -1113.4 113.46 1119 275.8 232.4 33 5 4.61 8.2 17.1 1.9 0.3 0.04 0.6 Communiiv Centre- H -11377 -284 19 1173 s5o.0 211 2 33 1 5 06 8 2 14 4 1 ' U 3 0u5 ')6 School - I -869.1 -302.09 920 250.8 234.8 30.0 3.61 7.4 13.4 2.1 0.3 0.03 0.5 NMaque - J -1082 7 -537 12 1209 243 6 229 9 33 b 4 57 8 2 13.1 20 ° ) 3 0 14 0 6 Temp!e - K -894.46 -822.2 1215 227.4 186.6 32.4 3.00 7.9 11.6 1.6 0.3 0.03 0.6 Cemcrer-L -L 91 56 -9Y4 F2 1203 215 1 186 9 29 1 91 72 11 5 1 6 3 0 02 0 4 Temple/Village Hall-M -820.42 -1152.7 1415 215.4 174.9 32.i 2.15 7.9 10.8 1.5 0.3 0.02 0.4 Market -N -721 (7 -1254 1447 2u99 178S5 294 166 72 112 I 5 031 0302 04 Dw Ia 12.J,,ti 2005.rls. .Sel L-w i s - /',,gC Maximum Concentrations - Baseline Crop Season Maximum Concentrations - Baseline Intercrop Season | Max. Cone. (jig/m3) I (m) y (m) Max. Cone. (pg/mr3) x (m) Y (m) S02- lhr 120.77 0 2000 S02- lhr 117.04 0 2000 S02 - 24hr 21.09 -4924 868 S02 - 24hr 20.52 -4924 868 S02 - Annual 0.26 -1000 0 S02 - Annual 0.17 -4924 868 PM10 - 24hr 25.23 -1000 0 PM1O - 24hr 0.28 -4924 868 Dioxine - Ihr (x I e-9) 31.99 -470 -171 Dioxine - lhr (x I e-9) 0.72 0 2000 Dioxine - 24hr (x I e-9) 7.36 -1477 -260 Dioxine - 24hr (x I e-9) 0.13 -4924 868 Dioxine - Annual (x le-9) 1.06 -1000 0 Dioxine - Annual (x le-9) 0.001 -4924 868 NOX - 24hr 9.61 -4229 1539 NOX - 24hr 5.77 -4924 868 CO- lhr 180.34 -470 -171 Co- Ihr 14.65 0 2000 Maximum Concentrations - CTSAV Crop Season Maximum Concentrations - CTSAV Intercrop Season -- Max. Conc. (pig/m3) f x (m) y (mH) _Max. Cone. (uig/m3) x (m)) 3Q() S02 - lhr 128.73 0 2000 S02 - lhr 242.43 -940 -342 S02 - 24hr 22.59 -4924 868 S02 - 24hr 52.51 -4229 1539 S02 - Annual 0.62 -1879 -684 S02 - Annual 6.21 -1879 -684 PM10 - 24hr 4.94 -1879 -684 PM1O - 24hr 0.70 -1410 -513 Dioxine - I hr (x I e-9) 31.30 -940 -342 Dioxine - I hr (x e-9) 2.13 -940 -342 Dioxine - 24hr (x le-9) 5.33 -4229 1539 Dioxine - 24hr (x le-9) 0.44 -4229 1539 Dioxine - Annual (x I e-9) 0.74 -1879 -684 Dioxine - Annual (x I e-9) 0.06 -1879 -684 NOX - 24hr 22.00 -4229 1539 NOX - 24hr 13.26 -4229 1539 CO- lhr 1222.99 -940 -342 CO- Ihr 18.85 0 2000 Data 12 JlYv 2005.xis: Max. Cui,e. - Page I 12-. Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-rired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment APPENDIX C - Coal Characteristics , Zs %9 Dail<9 W 'i i , t 9N iUc il 3 M 4 VS.&l V3S. An 9 %h 9 " . %1t. %1 E' I , >.C9I Not i. OIC9 i I'o0 %i? ON Ch9 C., !t) ns. PA *%5 %6 %9'f %W %St OSGl a O.CQ0I<+ FkR19 %190 %/ Z* 71 %3~ 0 ' W, FJ 1TDQ dJr).umt f3s. Art *9 XI 5 7 %9'9 u ¢9t r9v VI; Wt c U 5t; 3 OC9 O j t .9 t -; 9IZ El ad MO Lai lv rt Woas '?wzv .@9Vi. An1 C %C %CL %I 9 WU Ut 'Jt ail, 3Dm OD 3k OCCO l.9') %6 EC h/A' %S. Ihb.?IsP 'i z mkn S. An e %'Ct0 Et %Ot %IC E i Dh $ SXSI t EC19 'dt %C i t i. %.I '1CODQ M S r (YU -v5 0 I a.T5 NWWWIV~T~ I | C? l gg CZR |U- LXt - [|*|L w J ; 51 t| i," r aS | gn | re & r-e | { - { t ^ l l | e~pal t a f Tir* -C"n3i13 Nl sgiH 5 I- IWW%51Olff! 01 e /-05E 11N N*3wF° U,e i We : %r Mxf, j SEN'. 5 Pa W5..q ' 9c;1 99 'tv0 ?I 'El ' SS6 171 %I Stt Kr g^1,6smNU .Woi AAe - j . i - -AT SoS pi iM WSS,IWI AAi . !i l ZG aS 4t S E £& s ^ 4i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ __I _ _ _ _ __3iz 5t t 9 il t fri r( 7 >lw M .t %2 £ Pt6 V'4 I Y-y 3 drU 3dmF tin Wo fYtl %Vvi. %U SI1 lT5Z - E zA AV. I N A - ABw -NUM --us -iaUT;-a-p la,ccruyA *W3, ltm l;O^H5 Si1nS3UsAT^YNv iU I 0 3 (LN3lll39V N tsWI- vN"IW!3f WOD V0 ' s II 7 iz 30rl AlIi jg,Y,? %=0D Pn4sCESS o) ef(sskCwU R7 G@ goo rr% Q> s?i 2Z r% 0 4°i 50jj 15X^; JbW, 143ic 'e' 9 jA j 3% 1 Z ,% i i, 7c tcriNA0 PRhaS i' 2 I j 31 7L 200 8 6% 13E% 3 tN ', b% 5 12dCc 1300C .14'C D0.51% I 7% 634% 71. 121% 3 IC *nADnPRhCES55 Voyage 3((4rmj 365.00t t .% ¶15% 2218% 565% ai5 6 25'C 1370C .140C 0.3% t.1.2% 24% 9.0% 7,4% - M MR* S e' i I 38 942. 00 6% 422% 23.8% 067% 6318 10 135o'C .1Q; 0.0% 278 621 % 6 4% 41% 6 MS. Me N rjcm 3 4905W 14% 131% 24% 062% S12X 1?0C '380CC .IC h1¢b 01% 225% 61. 8A7 6b 91 6 MV'AVDHAlIAPJSRO'RGnW I 51 3 a 5% 1W. i 3 ; u1 i e N vl 1?32C u 0'C *'lt u 0l 31 b. 52'C 51 * al! > Pi q. -a" so1114 IO Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment APPENDIX D - Estimates of Cane Cultivation Estimates of cane cultivation,harvest and yelids of SUDS factory areas for year 2007 and beyondl!!l NOTE The above estimates have been obtained from tne associated growing companes of SUDS from the factory areas of REE-MTMD-SAV -BRITANNIA & R.Selle Area under Area |normal I annual |mechanicall ts/trip I manual 15-20ts ts/tnp |6-7sts other cane. harvested yeildiHa Crop harvest med, harvest harvest tipping wholecanes slinged info? Savannah SE 2525 2370 95 225150 180000 15-22 45150 45150 15-18 0 MTMO 1928 1744 89 155500 77750 20 77750 77750 23 0 Cie de Beau-Vallon 2374 2122 89 189000 136000 25 53000 53000 20 0 Bntannia (MTMD) 640 575 88 50600 10000 19 40600 40600 15 0 Benares (MTMD) 575 515 95 48925 35000 19 13925 13925 15 0 Brit (SIT LH) 764 715 70 50050 0 50050 50050 15 0 MTMD (SIT LH) 838 756 85 64500 10000 20 54500 54500 23 0 R.Belle estate 1958 1808 72 130000 13000 15 117000 54000 12 63000 *SmalItplanters from Sav factory area 6 875 73.5 49612.5 0 49612.5 0 49612.5 MTMD factory area - 400 66.5 26600 0 26600 0 26600 REE factory area 1050 61.5 64575 0 64575 0 64575 R.Belle factory area 1050 60 63000 0 63000 0 63000 Britannia factory area - 450 60 27000 t 27000 0f 27000 SIT planters (brit & MTMD) 400 62 24800 0 24800 0 24800 1 ,169,313 46175t 707562.5 38897 31858 TOTAL CANE SUPPLY TO FACTORY (Crop) 1,169,313 NOTE: In accordance with the PPA agreement to be signed with the CEB. Savannah mitl will Guarantee a cane supply of 1,200,000 tons yearly in order to satisfy the Bagasse supply to the power plant. Consequently some canes will be diverted from the USA mill to Savannah mitl as requimed to satisfy this crtienia. BAGASSE TO POWER PLANT ALL the bagasse produces from the canes entering the savannah cane yard (minimum 1,00.000 ts) willi be supplied to the power ptant. The proposal has been based on an AVERAGE fibre content of 15% and a bagasse humidity of 50%. This will give an ANNUAL supply of 360,000 ts of bagasse to the power plant. Savannah crushing capacity - crop Have been assumed the following for the PPA calculations annual crop 1200000t days crushing 150 (25 wks 6 dys w ik) ave crushing per day 8000 t ave hrs crush per day 23 h ave crush capacity 350 IUh Bagasse production 2400 t Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment APPENDIX E - Water Resources Analysis SOCIETE USINIERE DU SUD WATER RESOURCES AND UTILISATION AT SAVANNAH February 2004 S.I.G.M.A.- Ove Arup & Partners Consulting Engineers 19 Church Street Port Louis Mauritius SOCIETE USINIERE DU SUD Water Resources and Utilisation at Savannah Table of Contents I INTRODUCTION 1 2 WATER RIGHTS 1 2.1 GENERAL I 2.2 RIVER DU POSTE I 2.3 RIVER TABAC AND RuISSEAU VINAY 2 2.4 RIVER ST. AMAND 2 2.5 SUMMARY 3 3 WATER UTILISATION 4 3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM 4 3.2 MEASURED FLOW DATA 4 3.2.1 General 4 3.2.2 Summary of Flow Data 5 3.3 PRESENT WATER REQUIREMENTS AND UTILISATION 8 3.3.1 Irrigation Water 8 3.3.2 Factory Water 9 3.3.3 Typical Annual Water Utilisation 10 3.3.4 Combined Water Requirements --- 10 3.4 WATER UTILISATION WITH POWER PLANT -I---- 11 3.4.1 Process Water Requirements 11 3.4.2 Demand Satisfaction 11 4 RECOMMENDATIONS 14 SOCIETt USINIERE DU SUD Water Resources and Utilisation at Savannah 1 Introduction The Central Electricity Board (CEB) has launched a tender for a 30 + 30MW power plant in December 2003. The Societe Usiniere du Sud has decided to respond to this tender and is therefore preparing an offer comprising the construction and operation of a steam power plant at Savannah. The Societe Usiniere du Sud has appointed S.I.G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Partners to carry out an assessment of the available water resources and current water utilisation at Savannah to determine how the water requirements of their prospective power plant will impact the current water utilisation. This is detailed in the present report. 2 Water Rights 2.1 General The Societe Usiniere du Sud comprises four sugar estates, namely the Savannah Sugar Estate, the Britannia Sugar Estate, the Riche en Eau Sugar Estate and the Union Sugar Estate, but since the prospective power plant is to be located at Savannah, it is mostly the water rights of Savannah S.E. that have been reviewed. Those water rights, on River du Poste, River Tabac, Ruisseau Vinay and River St. Amand, are detailed hereunder. It should be noted however that Britannia S.E. is also entitled to water shares on River du Poste and River St. Amand, and therefore those water rights have also been included in the review. 2.2 River du Poste The various water rights granted to Savannah S.E. and Britannia S.E. on River du Poste are listed below. a) Britannia S.E. has been allowed to take 9/50 of the flow of River du Poste at a dam located at La Flora as defined in the Supreme Court Record No. 1979, dated 17 May 1939. b) Savannah S.E. has been granted 1/3 of the waters of the river at Joli Bois by "Arrete du Directoire" dated "17 Niv6se de l'an IV" (7 January 1796) but has stopped the abstraction of water at this location. This share of water is allowed to increase the river flows and is actually tapped further downstream as part of another water right. c) The Supreme Court Record No. 1919, dated 17 May 1939 has allowed Savannah S.E. to take 274/284 of the flow of River du Poste at the Joli Bois Dam, a short distance downstream of the point mentioned in (a) above. This will comprise also the water right mentioned in (a) above. The remaining 10/284 is left in the river for public needs. d) Further downstream, at the so called Abatis Dam, the Savannah S.E. has been granted another 11/12 of River du Poste flows at that location by the Supreme Court Record No. 23309 of the 29 June 1886. The estate used to divert water at this point to Bassin Tronche via an open channel, but is presently making use of a pipeline that has replaced the open channel. e) The offtake works at the Abatis Dam do not enable Savannaah S.E. to abstract its full share of water as described in (c) above. The remainder is abstracted further downstream at the location known as La Sourdine by means of a pumping station. 2.3 River Tabac and Ruisseau Vinay Savannah S.E. has been granted the right to "4 inches of water" by the Land Court on the 23 February 1858, which was then replaced by the authorisation to install a 200mm pipe following Supreme Court Record No. 28070. Savannah S.E. makes use of this water right via two pumping stations. The first one is located downstream of Bassin Canon while the second is located further downstream at Bassin Zaza. Following Supreme Court Record No. 1817, dated 12 August 1937, Savannah was authorised to construct a reservoir on Ruisseau Vinay and to supply this reservoir with water diverted from River Tabac via a canal originating from Bassin Canon. Savannah S.E. was then given the right to use 65% of the combined flows from River Tabac and Ruisseau Vinay. 2.4 River St. Amand The flows of River St. Amand have been divided equally between Savannah S.E. and Britannia S.E further to "Arretes du Directoire" dated "17 Niv6se An IV' (7 January 1796) and "22 Frimaire An Vl" (12 December 1797). Britannia S.E. abstracts its share of the river flows via the canal de Launay which starts on the right bank of the river, upstream of its confluence with Ruisseau Bati Bontemps. Since 1999, Savannah S.E. has also started to abstract its share of water by means of a pumping station located at the de Launay dam and conveys water via a 200mm pipeline to Bassin Tronche. 2.5 Summary The water rights detailed in the preceding sections have been summarised in Table 2.5.1 below, and illustrated in Figure 2.5.1 hereafter. Source Authority Share of Flow I_ --River Flow (cusec) River du Poste Arrete du Directoire 274/284 8.3 (Joli Bois Dam) (17 Nivose An IV) S.C.R. No. 1919 (Judg. 17.5.1939) River du Poste S.C.R. No.23309 11/12 5.3 (Abatis Dam) (Judg. 29.6.1886) v River du Poste 2.27 | (La Sourdine Pump Stn.) > River Tabac - Ruisseau Vinay L.C.O. (23.2.1858) 65% Bassin Canon Pump Stn. S.C.R. No. 28070 1.0 Bassin Zaza Pump Stn. S.C.R. No. 1817 2.13 Ruisseau Vinay (Bassin Camarons) (Judg. 12.8.1837) 4.0 River St. Amand Arr&e du Directoire 50% - (17 Niv6se An IV) River du Poste S.C.R. No. 1979 9/50 1.3 v (La Flora) (Judg. 17.5.1939) a River St. Amand Arrete du Directoire 50% (22 Frimaire An VI) Table 2.5.1: Summary of water rights It is worth mentioning that the flow values stated in the above table have been reproduced from copies of the Notification of Water Right Schedules given in Appendix I hereto. They should be considered as being indicative only since the implementation of the La Flora Dam is believed to have significantly reduced the river flows downstream. A better indication of the water available will be obtained from the flow data measured by the estate (see next section). RMCA \ M \L T if- -- \'.- 'Uhi - 1fi2t - ii-'. \\/-- I )) ) gt if-M WCOMA ,- %y - 1iJU \~~ '; : \ I/ 1.~ .Rv ur7 3~. - Sh dBrXs1 r ls O EU SS U U 7 -N.ir, mm ^ ; S tc ::10 b-Rit.~i twO flt IAMX IE-- - -Jo y- s c-l-ovm1* EAds&ig Wu1 Rsghts 1 - 1k. do Nowe 9j50 ofzi~ am BzallollS.9 2 R5i,* d. POslo 274/254 fzim fiu Ss,aw .E. 3 - Ri,. do Post= 11/12 of mw Bow Ss.uft 5.0 SOCET3USI1ERE DU SU 4 - Ri,. do Pom c o, ~ WR mc.2 sav.o. S.R Water Rasire. SWd Uuta.eu cA Savamak S - Ok. Taboo (Buaj Clum) 65% (V"q .t I asmc) sovmanh S.0. Figo 2.5.1 -. Exiutin Walor Rigi 6 - RN* Tao (Ba tic Zen): h5%(pu* maL 2i aic) swa,.* SR. FIoWmy 2004 7 - R0L 4. Mfloan(CsmiCmw9.u 65 (jmp~ ul- 3 au.) Sovink SE Scale 1:50OD 8 - Rf,. SL A--Ad 50% oftivorlow S,ummh S.0. SI.GJA - Owe "n L PWVi 9 - Ri,. St. Anumd. 50% ofgi.aflo Etuaics SB. AodW of T12334jUU1U14 Ffcfif.B Water Resources and Utilisation at Savannah Page 4 3 Water Utilisation 3.1 Description of the System The water available to the estates is used to satisfy their factory and irrigation water requirements. The system currently in place is briefly described below, and depicted schematically in Figure 3. 1.1 hereafter. The water abstracted at the Joli Bois Dam on River du Poste is used both for the factory and irrigation requirements. The actual apportionmenit of water depends on the volumes of water actually available and on the priorities defined by the estate. The water abstracted at the Abatis Dam further downstream on River du Poste is conveyed via a pipeline to Bassin Tronche and is thereafter used for irrigation. Bassin Tronche also receives the water pumped from River St. Amand at the de Launay Dam. The last tapping point on River du Poste is located at La Sourdine where the water is pumped for irrigation. Water from River Tabac is first abstracted at the Bassin Canon pumping station and is pumped through a 200mm pipeline to meet the water requirements of the factory. Further downstream, at Bassin Zaza, another pumping station is being used to transfer water to Bassin Camarons where it joins the waters of Ruisseau Vinay, before being ultimately pumped into the irrigation system. There was another abstraction poinlt at Bassin Canon which used to convey water by an open channel to Bassin Camarons, but this diversion is not in operation anymore. Regarding the water right of Britannia S.E. on River du Poste (at La Flora), it should be noted that no water is presently being abstracted by the estate. Their share of water is left to the river. 3.2 Measured Flow Data 3.2.1 General Savannah S.E. regularly records their water abstraction on the various offtake works in operation on the estate. Those flow records have been obtained and examined in an attempt to quantify the actual water available to the estate from their water rights on the neighbouring rivers. The following points should be mentioned about the data available: * Data is generally available over a common period of 8 years from July 1995 to December 2003 and this is adequate to identify general trends. * The data obtained is a weekly flow record that is not suitable for carrying out a detailed statistical analysis of the flows. W 4qd 'v duv B-o - vors i'S ogz: oN qawr mm"s UOif llfl Ilu M S - 1- r.E ![ -"f pu m Van nWI WS nsa s-v OMV 1 na agg wi' o , (n AN I t- an * The canal flows are partial data series and there are "gaps" in the data. Some of those gaps are due to the closing down of one of the water lines for repairs. * The data for La Sourdine pumping station and for Bassin Camarons pumping station are not available over the same period as the other stations. Average values given by the estate will be adopted. 3.2.2 Summary of Flow Data The flow data obtained have been combined and the average, minimum and maximum observed flows are summarised in the tables below. Detailed flows values for each measured location is given in Appendix II hereto. Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 - - - - - - - - 6.43 6.00 6.63 6.82 1995-1996 7.29 4.90 5.76 5.18 4.88 3.44 1.03 4.23 8.30 8.58 7.27 7.51 1996-1997 8.28 7.40 8.50 8.95 8.55 9.10 8.25 7.68 8.63 8.36 8.38 7.68 1997-1998 8.05 7.74 8.28 6.50 8.58 7.48 4.40 7.70 8.63 8.36 8.38 7.30 1998-1999 8.23 5.50 4.24 6.83 8.05 7.82 7.23 5.85 7.93 9.40 9.48 8.08 1999-2000 5.98 7.56 6.98 6.60 8.00 6.60 7.80 8.85 9.25 8.56 10.30 11.05 2000-2001 10.45 9.52 9.86 8.64 8.65 6.51 8.35 5.54 4.60 7.80 6.63 10.41 2001-2002 10.71 8.09 6.66 8.40 8.40 8.70 8.40 7.43 4.80 7.60 9.38 10.50 2002-2003 10.23 9.62 8.70 10.30 9.73 6.75 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 8.50 10.84 2003-2004 10.89 8.57 10.71 - - - - - - Table 3.2.2.1: Average observed flows (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 - - - - - - - - 3.40 4.33 5.89 5.80 1995-1996 6.11 3.70 5.60 4.90 4.00 0.80 0.80 1.70 8.30 8.10 5.80 6.75 1996-1997 7.30 6.70 7.40 8.30 8.30 8.30 4.40 4.40 8.50 8.10 8.30 6.60 1997-1998 8.00 7.30 8.00 4.40 8.50 4.40 4.40 4.40 8.50 8.10 8.30 6.60 1998-1999 6.50 5.00 4.10 4.10 7.30 6.60 6.50 5.60 6.50 9.20 9.40 7.10 1999-2000 5.10 5.70 4.50 4.50 8.00 4.50 4.50 8.10 8.10 8.10 10.20 10.30 2000-2001 9.80 8.70 6.90 6.35 8.65 6.05 8.35 4.60 4.60 7.30 5.80 9.60 2001-2002 8.95 7.85 - 8.40 8.30 8.70 8.30 4.80 4.80 4.90 7.90 9.60 2002-2003 8.35 9.10 5.80 10.30 8.00 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 8.50 9.50 2003-2004 9.80 7.75 8.55 - _ - - - - - - - Table 3.2.2.2: Minimum observed flows (cusec) Nov Dee Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 - - - - - - - - 7.50 7.50 7.95 7.70 1995-1996 8.74 5.80 5.90 5.50 5.20 5.20 1.70 5.60 8.30 8.70 8.60 8.90 1996-1997 9.60 7.70 9.80 9.80 8.70 9.30 9.70 8.80 8.80 8.60 8.50 8.10 1997-1998 8.10 8.10 8.40 8.60 8.60 8.40 4.40 8.801 8.80 8.60 8.50 8.00 1998-1999 9.40 5.80 4.30 9.30 8.90 8.70 7.80 6.50 9.00 9.50 9.50 9.40 1999-2000 7.00 9.10 9.00 9.40 8.00 8.00 9.10 9.10 10.40 10.40 10.40 11.30 2000-2001 10.90 11.00 11.30 9.85 8.65 8.35 8.35 6.90 4.60 8.10 7.30 11.15 2001-2002 12.35 8.65 8.40 8.40 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.30 4.80 9.40 10.80 11.75 2002-2003 11.95 10.30 10.30 10.30 10.30 10.301 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 8.50 11.80 2003-2004 11.75 9.35 11.25 - - - - - - . Table 3.2.2.3: Maximum observed flows (cusec) Since the available data do not allow a detailed statistical analysis to be carried out, it is proposed to consider two cases, which are namely the minimum and maximum combined flows, on a monthly basis. Tables 3.2.2.4 hereunder, together with the charts of Figures 3.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2 and 3.2.2.3, indicate the observed variation in minimum and maximum flows. Month Minimum flows (cusec) Maximum flows (cusec) November 5.10 12.35 December 3.70 11.00 January 4.10 11.30 February 4.10 10.30 March 4.00 10.30 April 0.80 10.30 May 0.80 9.70 June 1.70 9.10 July 3.40 10.40 August 4.33 10.40 September 5.80 10.80 October 5.80 11.80 Table 3.2.2.4: Variation in observed flows The combined flow values in this section do not account for the flows recorded at La Sourdine and Bassins Camarons pumping stations. The following average values, given by the estate, have been adopted and will be added to the flow values in the above table: * La Sourdine pumping stn.: 1.81cusec (185m3/hr) * Bassin Camarons pumping stn.: 1.23cusec (125m3/hr) Table 3.2.2.4 should therefore be updated to read as follows: Month Minimum flows (cusec) Maximum flows (cusec) November 8.14 15.39 December 6.74 14.04 January 7.14 14.34 February 7.14 13.34 March 7.04 13.34 April 3.84 13.34 May 3.84 12.74 June 4.74 12.14 July 6.44 13.44 August 7.37 13.44 September 8.84 13.84 October 8.84 14.84 Table 3.2.2.4 (updated): Variation in observed flows Flow (cusec) Flow (cusec) ON J ON ON N o N KS rC 00a 0 N -NC K 994-1995 1994-1995 1995-19)96 L1995-1996 isw6X9s7 8 1 3 - 1996-1097 - 3 997-1998- ] 1997-1993 - 0 199S-1999 1998-1999 2 1999-2000 19- t l99-2000iW 2000-2001 -2000-2001 2001-2002 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-204 -2003-2004 Flow (curec) 1 Flow (cusec) rN 1 8 ON 8N 8N 8 8 8S A ON ON 8N S S i994-1995 1994-1995 1995-1996 1995-1996 1996-1997 1996-1979 1997-1990 1997-1990 ^9981999 - - 199 1 99 9 ;999 Z C7 1999-2000 - 1999-2000 2000-201)i 2000-2001 - 0 0 2001-2002 1 C 2002-2003 2002-2003 2003-2004 - - 2003-2004 a t JO Flow (cusec) Flow (cusec) 2 S S S S 8 S 8 S 1994-1995{ 1994-i 99511 - - 1995-1996 1995-1996 1996-1997 - - 1996-1997 1997-1998 1997-1998 1998-1999 1998-1999 1999-2000 - 1999-2000 2000-200 1 - 2000-2001 2001-2002 2001 -2002 c 2002-2003 2002-2003 2003-2004- 2003-2004 0M0 Flow (cusec) Flow (cusec) 1994-1995 1994-1995 1995-1996 1995-1996 996-1997 * * 1996-l997 -4 1997-1999 - 1997-1998 1 998-I 999 I J g 4 1998-Il999 1999-2000 - 1999-2000 2000-2001 2000-2001 2001-2002 2001-2002 2002-2003 - 2002-2003 2003-2004 2003-2004 0 ~ ~~ @W tU Flow (cusec) Flow (cusec) o c5 8: 8i 8. 8 8 8 8 8 8S F5 5 8 1994-1995 I994-1995 1995-1996 1995-1996 1996-1997 1996-1997 1997-1998 1997-1998 1996-1999 - 1998-1999 1999-2000 1 999-2000 2000-2001 2000-2001 2001-2002 2001-2002 t 2002-2003 -002-2003 2003-2004 -2003-2004 Fs3 B Flow (cusec) Flow (cusec) 1994-1995 1994-1995 1995-1996 8 8 t 8 1995-1996 1996-1997 1996-1997 1997-1999 179 1998-1999 - 0 1998-1999 00 1999-2000 <9- - l999-2000 - - 20009-2001 - 464 1 0 2001-2002 20O1-2002 - 2002-2003 02 - 2003-2004 _ 2003-2004 3.3 Present Water Requirements and Utilisation 3.3.1 Irrigation Water Irrigation water consumption data has been supplied by Savannah S.E. for 3 typical years and is reproduced hereunder. Irrigation Scheme Area Water Consumption Water Source (ha) (cusec) LB & SV Elec. B. Camaron 86 1.33 Bassin Zaza (sprinkler) Bassin Camaron LB & SV Diesel 57 1.33 Bassin Camaron (sprinkler) Joli Bois SV Elec. La Digue 99 1.33 Bassin Camaron (sprinkler) Bassin Zaza Bassin Canon Joli Bois LB La Sourdine 56 2.26 La Sourdine (Big gun) SH Gravitational 173 5.42 Riche Bois (Big gun) TOTAL 471 11.67 - - Table 3.3.1.1: Irrigation water consumption for 1980 Irrigation Scheme Area Water Consumption Water Source (ha) (cusec) LSBV Fixed Network 159 2.94 Joli Bois (Big gun) LSBV Drip irrigation 74 2.01 B. Camaron Bassin Zaza Bassin Canon LB La Sourdine 56 2.26 La Sourdine (Big gun) SH Center Pivot 400m 50 0.90 Riche Bois L'Abatis SH Center Pivot 600m 113 2.06 Riche Bois L'Abatis SH Drip irrigation 44 0.98 L'Abatis SH Travelling gun 44 0.88 Riche Bois TOTAL 540 12.03 --. - - Table 3.3.1.2: Irrigation water consumption for 1996 Irrigation Scheme Area Water Consumption Water Source (ha) (cusec) LSBV Big gun fixed network 174 4.02 Joli Bois LB Aldar Big gun fixed network 43 1.47 Bassin Zaza LBSV Drip irrigation 83 2.01 Bassin Camaron Bassin Zaza LB La Sourdine 48 2.26 La Sourdine (Big gun) SH Center Pivot 400m 50 0.90 Riche Bois L'Abatis St. Amand SH Center Pivot 600m 113 2.06 Riche Bois L'Abatis St. Amand SH Center Pivot 38Dm 45 0.88 Riche Bois L'Abatis St. Amand SH Drip irrigation 34 0.98 L'Abatis St. Amand SH Travelling gun 44 0.88 Riche Bois TOTAL 634 15.46 Table 3.3.1.3: Irrigation water consumption for 2003 The data obtained for 1980 will not be considered since there is no flow record available for this period, but the other 2 years can be considered as being the irrigation water requirements before and after 1999. During that year, the implementation of the St. Amand pumping station and the replacement of the earthen canal from Bassin Zaza by a pipeline improved the overall satisfaction of the water requirements on the estate. 3.3.2 Factory Water The factory water requirements have been given to be 2.5cusec (-253m3/hr). The factory uses water year round from the Bassin Canon pumping station (1 cusec) with a peak being reached during the crop season between June and November. During this time, the remaining factory water requirements are being met from Joli Bois. The factory water requirements will be reduced to 1 .5cusec (-1 53m3/hr) following the implementation of a cooling tower, and thus make available I cusec for other uses. 3.3.3 Typical Annual Water Utilisation The typical annual water utilisation on the estate from each of the abstraction points considered has been tabulated hereafter in Table 3.3.3.1. This table shows that irrigation water is required year round and also that some of the water available from Joli Bois is being allocated to factory use during the crop season, at the expense of irrigation. Joli Bois Abatis La Sourdine Bassin Bassin Zaza Bassin St. Amand Dam Dam Pump Canon Pump Pump Camaron Pump Pump San Irrigation V V V / / / Factory . Feb Irrigation V $ V V V V Factory Mar Irrigation / V V/ v V ........~~~~~~~~.. ... .... . .. ...... ..... ... . . ....... .. ...... ... .. ............ ....... . ...... ..... ....... . ........ .......... ..... .... ... .... . . ....... ............... .............. ................ Factory V Apr Irrigation I/ v - V V/ Factory I May Irrigation V V V / - .. ..iato .. .... ... .. . .. ..- . ... . ....... .. ... ... ...... . .. . .. .... .. ..... Factory V Jun Irrigation V V V V V V Factory . Jul Irrigation V V V V V V Factory V V Aug Irrigation V V V V V V Factory V V Sep Irrigation . V V. V. V Factory VV Oct Irrigation V V V V t et Irrigatio.... . . ... . . . . . . Factory V V Nov Irrigation V/ V/ V V V, Factory V Dec Irrigation V I " V/ V Factory V Table 3.3.3.1: Typical annual water utilisation at Savannah 3.3.4 Combined Water Requirements The combined water requirements of Savannah S.E., comprising irrigation and factory, can thus be taken to be presently of the order of 1 8cusec (1 5.5cusec irrigation and 2.5cusec factory). For the purposes of this study, the combined water requirements prior to the implementation. of the St. Amand pumping station and new pipeline from Bassin Zaza pumping station will also be taken into consideration and a value of 14.5cusec will thus be used (12.Ocusec irrigation and 2.5cusec factory). 3.4 Water Utilisation with Power Plant 3.4.1 Process Water Requirements The process water requirements of the prospective power plant have been given to be 2.7cusec (-275m3/hr). However, lOOm /hr (-35%) of this volume can be returned to the irrigation system after suitable treatment of the power plant site. The demand on the existing system, due to the power plant, will therefore be 1.7cusec (-175m3/hr). 3.4.2 Demand Satisfaction With reference to Table 3.2.2.4, it is clear that even during maximum flow conditions the Savannah S.E. water requirements are not fully met. So that if priority is given to the estate water requirements, there will definitely not be sufficient water to supply the power plant. The level of water demand satisfaction has been evaluated for each month as described in the following examples. e.g. 1: Min. satisfaction in March 1997 Minimum observed flow: 8.30cusec La Sourdine + Bassin Camarons: 3.04cusec Estate requirements (before 1999): 14.5cusec Percentage satisfaction = (8.30 + 3.04) / 14.5 = 78% e.g. 2: Max. satisfaction in November 2001 Maximum observed flow: 12.35cusec La Sourdine + Bassin Camarons: 3.04cusec Estate requirements (after 1999): 18.00cusec .. Percentage satisfaction= (12.35 + 3.04) / 18.0 = 86% The level of water demand satisfaction for the estate has been computed as indicated above, and lies in the range of 26%, in minimum flow conditions, to 89%, in maximum flow conditions as indicated in the tables given thereafter. Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug| Sep Oct 1994-1995 44% 51% 62% 61% 1995-1996 63% 46% 60% 55% 49% 26% 26% 33% 78% 77% 61% 68% 1996-1997 71% 67% 72% 78% 78% 78% 51% 51% 80% 77% 78% 66% 1997-1998 76% 71% 76% 51% 80% 51% 51% 51% 80% 77% 78% 66% 1998-1999 66% 55% 49% 49% 71% 66% 66% 60% 66% 84% 86% 70% 1999-2000 45% 49% 42% 42% 61% 42% 42% 62% 62% 62% 74% 74% 2000-2001 71% 65% 55% 52% 65% 51% 63% 42% 42% 57% 49% 70% 2001-2002 67% 61% 64% 63% 65% 63% 44% 44% 44% 61% 70% 2002-2003 63% 67% 49% 74%1 61% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 64% 70% 2003-2004 71% 60% 64%° = Table 3.4.2.1: Level of satisfaction for estate requirements (min. conditions) Nov Dec| Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 73% 73% 76% 74% 1995-1996 81% 61% 62% 59% 57% 57% 33% 60% 78% 81% 80% 82% 1996-1997 87% 74% 89% 89% 81% 85% 88% 82% 82% 80% 80% 77% 1997-1998 77% 77% 79% 80% 80% 79% 51% 82% 82% 80% 80% 76% 1998-1999 86% 61% 51% 85% 82% 81% 75% 66% 83% 86% 86% 86% 1999-2000 56% 67% 67% 69% 61% 61% 67% 67% 75% 75% 75% 80% 2000-2001 77% 78% 80% 72% 65% 63% 63% 55% 42% 62% 57% 79% 2001-2002 86% 65% 64% 64% 65% 65% 65% 63% 44% 69% 77% 82% 2002-2003 83% 74% 74% 74% 74% 74% 42% 42% 42% 42% 64% 82% 2003-2004 82%° 69% 79% - Table 3.4.2.2: Level of satisfaction for estate requirements (max. conditions) The same exercise has been repeated, but this time by giving priority to the water requirements of the prospective power plant, and by taking into account the reduction in the factory water requirements from 2.5 to 1.5cusec. The level of water demand satisfaction has again been evaluated for each month as described in the following examples. e.g. 3: Min. satisfaction in March 1997 Minimum observed flow: 8.30cusec La Sourdine + Bassin Camarons: 3.04cusec Reduced estate requirements (before 1999): 13.5cusec Power plant requirements: I .70cusec . . Percentage satisfaction = (8.30 + 3.04 - 1.70) / 13.5 = 71% e.g. 4: Max. satisfaction in November 2001 Maximum observed flow: 12.35cusec La Sourdine + Bassin Camarons: 3.04cusec Reduced estate requirements (after 1999): 17.00cusec Power plant requirements: 1.70cusec .Percentage satisfaction (12.35 + 3.04 - 1.70) / 17.0 81% The level of water demand satisfaction for the estate now lies in the range of 16%, in minimum flow conditions, to 83%, in maximum flow conditions as indicated in the tables below. Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 - 35% 42% 54% 53% 1995-1996 55% 37% 51% 46% 40% 16% 16% 23% 71% 70% 53% 60% 1996-1997 64% 60% 65% 71% 71% 71% 43% 43% 73% 70% 71% 59% 1997-1998 69% 64% 69% 43% 73% 43% 43% 43% 73% 70% 71% 59% 1998-1999 58% 47%1 40% 40% 64% 59% 58% 51% 58% 78% 80% 63% 1999-2000 38% 41% 34% 34% 55% 34% 34% 56% 56% 56% 68% 68% 2000-2001 66% 59% 48% 45% 59% 43% 57% 35% 35% 51% 42% 64% 2001-2002 61% 54% 57% 57% 59% 57% 36% 36% 37% 54% 64% 2002-2003 57% 61%, 42% 68% 55% 34% 34% 34% 34% 34% 58% 64% 2003-2004 66% 53% 58% _ Table 3.4.2.3: Level of satisfaction for estate requirements (min. conditions) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 65% 65% 69% 67% 1995-1996 75% 53% 54% 51% 48% 48% 23% 51% 71% 74% 74% 76% 1996-1997 81% 67% 83% 83% 74% 79% 82% 75% 75% 74% 73% 70% 1997-1998 70% 70% 72% 74% 74% 72%° 43% 75% 75% 74% 73% 69% 1998-1999 80% 53% 42% 79% 76% 74% 68% 58% 77% 80% 80% 80% 1999-2000 49% 61% 61% 63% 55% 55% 61% 61% 69% 69% 69% 74% 2000-2001 72% 73% 74% 66% 59% 57% 57% 48% 35% 56% 51% 73% 2001-2002 81% 59% 57% 57% 59% 59% 59% 57% 36% 63% 71% 77% 2002-2003 78% 68% 68% 68% 68% 68% 34% 34% 34% 34% 58% 77% 2003-2004 77%1 63% 74% = = = Table 3.4.2.4: Level of satisfaction for estate requirements (max. conditions) The above tables confirm discussions held with representatives of Savannah S.E. whereby the available water resources to the estate are presently not adequate to meet fully their water requirements, and this is believed to be a consequence of the implementation of a dam at La Flora upstream of the estate's water rights. 4 Recommendations After investigating the water resources presently available to Savannah S.E., it has been found in the present situation that it is not possible to satisfy the estate's water requirements as well as those of the prospective power plant. It has also been found, with the given flow data, that giving priority to the power plant's water requirements will significantly lower the level of satisfaction of the estate's water requirements. Now, Britannia S.E. has a water right on River du Poste at La Flora which is not being utilised, and it is therefore recommended that an appropriate scheme is implemented to abstract the water to which they are entitled. It should be pointed out, however, that it is difficult at this stage, in the absence of hydrologic data, to predict the volumes of water that will effectively be obtained. It is also probable that such an abstraction will have an effect on Savannah's water rights at Joli Bois Dam downstream, but depending on the drainage area between the two abstraction points (and hence the runoff into the river) and the water lost to the aquifer through the bed of the river, this effect might be minimal. Another potential source of water to satisfy the power plant water requirements is underground water. In this respect, it is recommended that an application be filed with the Water Resources Unit which is the relevant institution to authorise groundwater abstraction and also to sanction the volumes that can safely be pumped. -0 - Appendix I Notification of Water Right Schedules Appendix 11 Detailed Flow Data Joli Bois Mean Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 4.03 4.14 3.88 4.13 1995-1996 2.90 3.52 4.50 4.20 4.18 4.17 4.03 4.20 4.08 3.70 3.73 1996-1997 3.65 3.68 4.12 4.20 3.93 3.90 3.90 4.37 4.23 3.96 3.98 3.60 1997-1998 3.65 3.34 3.88 4.20 4.18 3.85 4.40 4.23 3.96 3.98 3.60 1998-1999 3- 18 1.74 0.96 2.45 3.10 3.06 2.88 2.80 3.40 4.00 4.08 3.60 1999-2000 2.78 3.36 4.13 4.20 3.50 2.10 3.30 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.50 4.50 2000-2001 3.65 3.06 4,32 4.90 4.90 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.40 4.13 3.10 2001-2002 3.90 2.98 4.83 4.90 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.90 4.68 3.38 2002-2003 3.05 3.16 2.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.25 2003-2004 3.63 3.36 3.76 Joli Bois Min. Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Au Se Oct 1994-1995 . 3.90 3.60 3.60 3.90 1995-1996 2.60 2.20 4.10 4.00 4.00 4.10 0.00 3.90 4.20 4.00 3.40 3.20 1996-1997 3.30 2.70 3.90 4.00 3.90 3.90 3.90 4.30 4.10 3.70 3.90 3.60 1997-1998 3.60 2.90 3.60 4.20 4.10 3.80 0.00 4.40 4.10 3.70 3.90 3.60 1998-1999 2.50 1.40 0.90 0.90 2.80 2.60 2.70 2.50 3.00 3.80 4.00 3.20 1999-2000 2.30 2.30 3.60 3.50 3.50 0.00 0.00 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.40 4.50 2000-2001 3.00 2.40 3.00 4.90 4.90 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.10 3.80 2.70 2001-2002 3.50 2.80 4.80 4.90 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.90 4.00 3.20 2002-2003 2.50 2.30 0.00 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 3.50 2003-2004 3.00 2.80 2.80 Joli Bois Max. Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 _ _ 4.10 4.40 4.10 4.20 1995-1996 3.10 4.20 4.90 4.60 4.40 4.20 0.00 4.10 4.20 4.10 4.00 4.30 1996-1997 4.00 4.30 4.30 4.30 4.00 3.90 3.90 4.40 4.40 4.20 4.10 3.60 1997-1998 3.70 3.70 4.00 4.20 4.20 4.00 0.00 4.40 4.40 4.20 4.10 3.60 1998-1999 4.00 2.00, 1.00 3.90, 3.50 3.30 3.00, 3.10 3.60. 4.10 4.10, 4.00 1999-2000 3.60 4.10 4.50 4.90 3.50 3.50 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.50 2000-2001 4.10 4.20 4.90 4.90 4.90 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.30 4.00 2001-2002 4.20 3.20 4.90 4.90 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.90 4.90 3.50 2002-2003 3.70 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 2003-2004 4.00 4.00 4.00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ Bassin Tronche Mean Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Au Se F Oct 1994-1995 3.40 1.44 2.05 2.00 . P Y __r 1995-1996 3.67 3.40 3.40 2.37 2.58 1996-1997 2.43 2.84 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 2.70 1997-1998 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 2.70 1998-1999 3.05 1.76 1.28 2.63 2.95 2.76 2.35 2.30 3.03 3.40 3.40 2.48 1999-2000 1.20 2.40 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 2000-2001 3.50 3.50 2.96 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.40 2.50 3.65 2001-2002 2.63 1.52 3.50 3.50 3.60 3.90 3.60 2.63 0.00 2.70 3.6 3.10 2002-2003 2.68 2.98 3.50 3.50 3.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00-4.00 3.75 2003-2004 3.38 1.70 3.30 . - - - Bassin Tronche Min. Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar A r May Jun Jul Au Se Oct 1994-1995 1_ 3.40 0.73 1.09 0.90 1995-1996 2.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.40 3.40 1.20 2.23 1996-1997 1.80 1.80 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 2.00 1997-1998 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 2.00 1998-1999 2.00 1.60 1.20 1.20 2.50 2.00 1.80 2.00 2.50 3.40 3.40 1.60 1999-2000 0.80 1.30 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 2000-2001 3.50 3.50 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 2.00 3.50 2001-2002 1.50 1.00 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.90 3.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 2.90 2002-2003 2.10 2.10 3.50 3.50 3.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 3.00 2003-2004 3.00 0.00 2.50 = Bassin Tronche Max. Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 T _ I-- -r- 3.40 3.40 3.35 2.80 1995-1996 4.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 1996-1997 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 1997-1998 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 1998-1999 3.40 1.80, 1.30 3.40 3.40, 3.40 2.80, 2.50 3.40, 3.40 3.40, 3.40 1999-2000 1.40 3.20 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.501 3.50 2000-2001 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 3.00 3.80 2001-2002 3.50 2.50 3.50 3.50 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.50 0.00 4.50 4.50 3.50 2002-2003 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 4.00 2003-2004 3.-50 3.00 3.50, Bassin Canon Mean Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 . . 1995-1996 0.55 1.26 0.98 0.93 0.94 0.78 0.70 1996-1997 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.35 1997-1998 - . 1998-1999 . 1999-2000 2000-2001 . 2001-2002 2002-2003 . - 2003-2004 . Bassin Canon Min. Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 0.00 0.00 0.0O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0o00 1995-1996 0.00 0.10 1.00 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.70 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1996-1997 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1997-1998 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1998-1999 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1999-2000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2000-2001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2001-2002 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2002-2003 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2003-2004 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00- Bassin Canon Max. Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jull Aug Sep| Oct 1994-1995 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1995-1996 O.0O 1.00 1.70 1.20 1.00 1.00 0.80 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1996-1997 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1997-1998 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1998-1999 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1999-2000 0o.0 0.00 0.00 0.°l 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00° 0.00 2000-2001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2001-2002 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2002-2003 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2003-2004 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .O 00 0.r-00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0011 Bassin Canon Mean Monthly Flow (cusec) (PumpD) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 0.70 0.70 0.70 1995-1996 0.68 0.67 070 1.10 1.20 1.20 - 1996-1997 1.20 1.20 1 20 1.I0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1997-1998 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1998-1999 1.00 1.00 [.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00. 1.00 1999-2000 1.00 1.00 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.75 2000-2001 1.00 1.00 0.80 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 2001-2002 1.00 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 1.00 2002-2003 0.75 0.60 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 2003-2004 0.50 0.00 0.00o Bassin Canon Min. Monthly Flow (cusec) (pump) I Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.70 0.70 1995-1996 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.70 1.20 1.20 1996-1997 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 I.00 1.00 1.00 1997-1998 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1998-1999 1.00 1.00 i.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00, 1.00 1.00 1.00 1999-2000 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2000-2001 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 2001-2002 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 I.00 2002-2003 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.00 0.00o 0.00 2003-2004 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00o 0.00 o.0o 0.00 0.00 00 0.00 0.00o o.00 Bassin Canon Max. Monthly Flow (cusec) (Pumpn) . Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.70 0.70 1995-1996 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.70 1.20 1.20 1.20 1996-1997 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1997-1998 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1998-1999 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00, 1.00 1.00. 1.00 1.00- 1.00 1.00i 1.00 1999-2000 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00o 2000-2001 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 2001-2002 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.0 2002-2003 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 2003-2004 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00o 0.00 0.0 Bassin Zaza (Pump) Mean Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 . - 1995-1996 0.20 0.95 1.00 1.00 . . 1996-1997 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 - - 1997-1998 1998-1999 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1999-2000 1.00 1.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.15 0.46 2.30 2.30 2000-2001 2.30 1.96 1.78 1.15 2.30 0.46 2.30 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 2001-2002 2.10 1.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.58 2.30 2002-2003 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 1.73 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.98 2003-2004 2.30 2.06 2.20 _ _ = Bassin Zaza (Pump) Min. Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1995-1996 0.20 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1996-1997 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 1997-1998 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1998-1999 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1999-2000 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 2.30 2000-2001 2.30 1.80 0.00 0.00 2.30 0.00 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 2001-2002 1.50 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 2002-2003 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .00 2003-2004 2.30 1.90 1.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Bassin Zaza (Pump) Max. Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1995-1996 0.20 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1996-1997 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 1997-1998 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1998-1999 1.00 1.00, 1.00 1.00, 1.00 1.00, 1.00 1.00 1.00, 1.00 1.00, 1.00 1999-2000 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2000-2001 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 2001-2002 2.30 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 2.30 2002-2003 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 2003-2004 2.30 2.30 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 St. Amand Pump Mean Monthly Flow (cusec) - Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 1995-1996 = 1996-1997 1997-1998 . . - 1998-1999 1999-2000 . . - 2000-2001 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 - 2001-2002 1.09- 1.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.73 2002-2003 1.45 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 2003-2004 1.091 1.451 1.45 St. Amand Pump Min. Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 1995-1996 1996-1997 1997-1998 1998-1999 1999-2000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2000-2001 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2001-2002 0.00 1.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2002-2003 1.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2003-2004 0.00 1.45 1.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 St. Amand Pump Max. Monthly Flow (cusec) Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 1994-1995 _ _ _______ _______ 1995-1996 _ _l _ _l _ _ _fi r _____ 1996-1997 1997-1998 1998-1999 1999-2000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00o 0.00 0.00o 0.00 2000-2001 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.45 2001-2002 1.45 1.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 145I 2002-2003 1.45 1.45 0.001 0.00, 0.00 1.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.45 2003-2004 1.45 1.45 1.451 0.00o 0.00o 0.00 0.00o .0 0. 0.00 0.00 0.00 Chambre d'Agriculture de I'lle Maurice REPORT ON THE WATER RIGHTS OF THE SUGAR FACTORIES OF MAURITIUS S. 1. G. M. A. SOCIETE D' INGENIEURS-CONSEILS PORT LOUIS December 1978 S.l.G.M.A. - 64 - SUMMARY The water rights of Mon Tresor & Mon D6sert Estates are tabulated hereunder. Estimated Source Quantity Authority Nature Utilisation (cusec) Riv. la Chaux 2,4 L.C.O. 13.8.1828 Permanent Irrigatior Deux Bras Canal Riv. la Chaux 10.0 S,C.R. 2431 Provisional Factory Plaisance Canal S. I.G.M.A. - 73 - SUMMARY The water rights of Riche-en-Eau S.E. are tabulated below Estimated Source Quantity Authority Nature Utilisation (cusec) R. des Cr6oles L.C.0. 27.11.1865 Provisional Factory & Irrigation R. Eau.Bleue L.C.O. 27.11.1865 Provisional Factory & 26.o .Irrigation Ruis. Jocet L.C.O. 27.11.1865 Provisional Factory & S.C.R. 31558 Irrigation R. des Creoles S.C.R. 26799 1970 Provisional Factory & Irrigation R. la Chaux 3.24 L.C.O. 30. 8.1818 Permanent Irrigation S.C.R. 1202 R. B6e-Manique 5.47 L.C.O. 27.11.1865 Provisional Irrigation R. la Chaux 1.07 L.C.O. 25. 7.1867 Provisional Irrigation R. la Chaux S.C.R. 23861 Provisional Not used (Canal de Nil S.C.R. 2431 Plaisance) Ruis. Beau Desert & Tire- S.C.R. 1455 Provisional Nil balle Glaise 0.55 S.C.R. 2156 Provisional Nil CENTRAL WATER AUTHORITY MINISTERE DE LA COOPERATION ETUDE D'UN SCHEMA DIRECTEUR D'AMENAGEMENT DES EAUX A L'ILE MAURICE ETUDE HYDROLOGIQUE VOLUME 1 HYDROLOGIE DE SURFACE SEPTEMBRE 1981 SIGMA SOGR EAH Ing6nieurs Conseils Ing6nieurs Conseils L'etude du bilan d'Eau Bleue et de la Rivibre des Cr6oles demande- rait un travail plus detaille, qui 6chappe au cadre de ce Sch6ma Directeur. Mais nous pouvons 6tablir le bilan sommaire ci-dessous, en mayenne annuelle pour 1955-1965 : - Ruissellement net induit a G9 : 76.946 MCM - Prelbvements des Riverains 4.590 MCM - Pluviometrie totale 106.020 MCM - ETR + ICV 35.893 MCM 81.536 MCM 70.127 MCM On voit que la pluviometrie, lorsque l'on tient compte de 1'ETR et de 1'interception par ls couvert v6gqtal, ne suffit pas b induire 116coulement constate tant & G9 qu'aux prises. Le ddficit, soit de l'ordrs de 11 MCM/an, proviondrait do la recharge souterraine du haut bassin versant, qui potentiellement, apporterait 38 MCM/an. RIVIERE LA CHAUX (Figure 2.8) La Riviere La Chaux a son point de d6part a Nouvelle France ; elle est form&e par plusieurs ruisselets drainant la region sise entre le Parc aux Cerfs et le village du 18bme mile. Elle est travers6e par la Route de la Savanne alors qutelle descend au sud est pour obliquer vers l'est et croiser la route de Rose Belle qu'elle longe pratiquement jusqu'a l'usine de Rose Belle. Par jugement du Tribunal Terrier en date du 2 fevrier 1866, un droit provisoire fut accordd aux sucreries de Rose Belle et Union Park, h prendre 0.107 m3/sec (3.786 pd3/sec) de la Riuibre La Chaux. Ca droit prouisoire n'est plus exerce. Ella est grossie par plusieurs contributions mineures, dont le Ruisselet Union Park. Au nord-est de le sucreria de Rose Belle, elle est rejointe par le Ruisseau Constantin et peu aprbs, au niveoau du pont de l'ancien chemin de fer, par l Rivibre Cee Varangue, un de ses principaux effluents, issue de la r§gion do Nouvelle France et else mame grossie par dioverses contributions mineures, dont le Ruisseau Bambous. La Cour Suprame, par jugement No. 25917, autorisa b titre provisoirs, les sucreries de Rose Belle, Mare d'Albert et la Rosa, b prendre 1/3 du ddbit do la Rivibre Bee Varangue. Cette autorisation fut subs6- quemment amendee le 20 aoOt 1904 par la m6me Cour (SCR No. 29253) qui transferra les droits de prise de l Riviere' Be Varangue a le Rivibre La Chaux, a l requAte du Mauritius Estates and Assets Com- pany Limited. Une digue construite sur la Rivibre La Chaux permet la deviation d'environ 0.057 m3/sec (2.01 pd3/sec) destinee aux fonctionnement de l'usine de Rose Belle, l'eau itant ensuite retour- nee a la Riviere. La Rivibre La Chaux contourne l'agglom6ration de Rose Belle par le nord et se dirige vers Astroea, qu'elle atteint apres avoir regu les eaux du Ruisseau Baramee, issu de la r6gion de Pont Coleville, et des ruisseaux Queen, Carlin, Pavoine et Pont Fer. C'est a Astroea que la Rivibre La Chaux est rejointe par un autre affluent important, la Rivibre Bee Manique, qui a longtemps servi, de meme que la Rivibre Bee Varangue, avant la construction du r6servoir de Piton du Milieu, a L'alimentation en eau potable au sud de l'ile. Les digues servant de prise a cet ancien r6seau, se voient encore sur les rivieres L6e Manique et Bee Varangue. La rivibre prend source dans la rbgion du Mont Pauline. dans l'ouest de Cluny. Ella est grossie par las con- tributions des Ruisseaux Marron, Clair et de la Pompe, de la Rivibre Mapou, des Ruisseaux Mariette, Terre Glaise (ou Eau Bleue) et Pourri, contourne le Piton de Rose Belle, par le sud et se jette dans la Rivibre La Chaux un peu en amont du Pont d'Astroea. L'eau de la Rivibre B6e Manique a deja fait l'objet de jugements du Tribunal Terrier et de la Cour Supreme. Un premier jugement du Tribunal Terrier en date du 27 novembre 1865 autorisa le domains sucrier de Riche en Eau i prelever 0.155 m3/sec (5.47 pd3/sec) sur la Riviere See Manique. Ca prAlbvement se fait au mayen d'un canal partant au pied du Piton de Rose Belle, aussi appele Mont Vernon et sert 6 l'irrigation. Un second jugement de la Cour Supreme, an date du 27 avril 1939 (SCR No. 2156) accorda, a titre provisoire, le droit a la Compagnie Sucriere dc Beau Vallon, de prblever 0.050 m3/sec (1.76 pd-/sec) sur la Riviere See Manique et 0.010 m3/sec (0.353 pd3/sec) sur le Ruis- seau Terre Glaise (ou Eau Bleue). Ces autorisations peuvent etre considerees comma mises an application a des prises consenties a ces titulaires an aval d'Astroea sur la Rivibre La Chaux. Le domaine sucrier d'Eau Bleue, aujourd'hui annexe de la Sucrerie de Rose Bella, recut le droit provisoire par ordre du Tribunal Terrier en date du 2 septembre 1879, de prelever 0.003 m3/sec (0.167 pd3/sec) des eaux de La Rivibre B9e Manique. Mais ce droit n'est plus utilise par Rose Belle. Par un jugement du Tribunal Terrier en date du 13 aoGt 1828 (Ref. Archives de Maurice, Vol. L.A. 10/33), la concession de Louis le Grand de Cherval obtint le permission de dsvier 0.068 m3/sec (2.4 pd3/sec) de la Riviere La Chaux, au moyen de ce canal, pour le fonctionnament des usines de MM. de Cherval at Bertrand. Ces con- cessions furent achetees par la sucrerie de Mon Dbsert Mon Tresor qui h§rita donc des droits d'eau qui leur §taient attaches. La deviation s' effectue-pai le Canal dc 'Daux Bras' (au Canal' Sauzisr) dont la tAte se situe an amont du Pont d'-Astroea.. L'eau est retourn6eea le Rivibre La Chaux, an aval du Pont. Le debit residuel de la Rivibre La Chaux est jeuge a la station Hl au Pont d'Astroea. A ce pont, un site de barrage a et identifi§ et utilise dans uns btude (SIGMA, d6cembre 1977) pour la Fourniturs d'un debit de 0.737 m3/ssc a une usine de pate a papier envisagoea la sortie du coursier d'bvacuation de la centrale hydro-dlectrique de Ferney. Le Reservoir d'Astroea aurait une capacite brute de stockags de 4.250 x 106 m3 (150 MCF). Une sortie compensatoire §quivalente au d6bit normal de la Rivibre La Chaux, garantirait aux riverains en aval, l'eau a laquelle ils ont droit. Le Reservoir d'Astroea permettrait une rdgulation des crues de la Riviere La Chaux et partant, une devia- tion suppleant aux contributions de la Rivibre des Creoles et du Ruisseau Tranquillea llusine de Ferney. La capacite optimale du canal de deviation fut etablie a 2.834 m3/sec (1QB pd3/sec) apres une btude economique. Ce projet aurait garanti, non seuleament l'alimentation regulibre de l'usine de p&ite 3 papier, mais encore, aurait parmis la production annuelle d'llectricit6 de Ferney d'aug- menter de 4.72 GW/heure en moyenne. Aucune suite ne fut donn6a au projet papier. Mais les sucreries de Riche en Eau et Mon Desert Mon Tresor, riveraines et ayant des droits sur la Rivibre La Chaux, ont rbcemment manifeste laur interbt dans le projet de barrage a Astroea, qui alimenterait gravitairement leurs raseaux d'irrigation. Le projet d'Astroea sera repris en detail dans le deuxibme partie. Apras Astroaa, la Rivisre La Chaux resoit les contributions des Ruisseaux Quirin, Deux Bras, Cimeti6re, Guilmar, St. Romain, Tiraba-¸Llle et Beau Ddsert et d'autres encore, point nommes. Aprbs un parcours sinueux et escarpe, elle ast endigu6e 8 environ 3.25 km en aval d'Astroeaetde;cette digue en pierre de taille construite en 1888, part le Canal de Plaisance, initialement destine au fonc- tionnament de la sucrerie de Plaisance. Par jugement de la Cour Supreme en date du 18 mars 1887 (SCR No. 23B61) la dite sucreria regut permission provisoire de dovier -41 du dbbit de la.Rivibre La Chaux a la digue. Plus tard, en date du 14 fevrier 1921, la Cour Suprbme (SCR No. 33024) autorisa M. Ambdae Hugnin a sur6lever de 12.70 cm le seuil des quatre ouvertures pratiquees dans la digue. La Compagnie Sucriere de Mon Dessrt Mon Tresor fit,subs6quemment, l'acquisition du domaine de Plaisance, at, 1B 23 juillet 1940, la Cour Suprsme autorisa, conjointement avec la Compagnie Sucribre de Beau Vallon, a devier par le Canal de Plaisance 0.35 du debit de la Rivibre La Chaux au lieu des 0.25 initialement accordes. Le debit du Canal de Plaisance fut alors partag6 entre les deux compagnies sucrieres, cella de Mon Desert Mon Tresor prelevant 0.786 et celle de Beau Vallon, 0.214 du debit. La part de Mon Desert Mon Trdsor lui sart a l'op6ration de l'usine a sucre du meme nom, aprbs un parcours de 4.512 km constitu6 de sections en terra battue, en magonnerie et en prefabrique. Les partes sont considerables au long des 1829 m du parcours en terre battue, en mauvais etat. I1 fut question de remplacer ce canal en terre par uneacanalisation forcee mais aucune suite n'a ete donnee b ce projet. La part de la Compagnie Sucribre de Beau Vallon, dastinse b l'irrigation des annexes de Ste Hl1bne, n'est actuellement pas utilis6e par cette compagnie, ce qui fait que Mon Desert Mon Trrsor a jouissance exclusive de Canal de Plaisance. II faut remarquer que la Compagnie de Beau Vallon fut autoris§e 8 titre provisoire, a prendre 9/10 de l'eau des Ruisseaux Tireballe et Beau Desert, tributaires de la Rivibre La Chaux, par jugement de la Cour SuprOme en date du 27 fevrier 1936 (SCR No. 1455). Mais ce droit n'est pas mis en application. Aprbs la digue de Plaisance, La Rivibre La Chaux est grossie par les Ruisseaux St. Roch, Solitude, Calebasses et Cantin, et par la Riviere Copeaux, et, a environ 1.25 km avant de couler 8 Beau Vallon, est endiouee une nouvelle fois pour permettre la prise du Canal de Beau Vallon. Le Tribunal Terrier, par jugement en date du 30 aoGt 1818, autorisa M. J.3. de Rochecouste, propri6taire de Beau Vallon, a construire ce canal appel§ Canal de Mahebourg, qui devait recevoir 500 pouces fontainiers (soit 3.85 pd3/sec ou 0.110 m3/sec) partageable comme suit . b M. de Rochecouste proprietaire de Beau Vallon : 0.033 m3/sec (1.16 pd3/sec) * M. de Robillard propri6taire du domaine de la Rivibre La Chaux : 0.033 m3/sec (1.16 pd3/sec) * b La Ville de Mahebourg : 0.044 m3/sec (1.55 pd3/sec) Plus tard, le 2 decembre 1935, par devant la Cour Supreme (SCR No. 1202), le Conseil de District du Grand Port, au nom de la Ville de Mahebourg, renonga a sa part du Canal de Beau Vallon au profit de la Compagnie de Beau Vallon. La deviation fut en mtme temps reduite de 500 b 439 pouces fontainiers. La Compagnis de Beau Vallon, en consequenca, devint l'unique utilisateur des eaux du canal, jouissant d'un droit permanent et s'en servant pour l'irrigation de cannes 6 sucre a Beau Vallon. Un jugement du Tribunal Terrier, en date du 25 juillet 1867, accorda, i titre provisoire, a la Sucrerie de Beau Vallon, une part se montant a 0.030 m3/sec (1.06 pd3/sec). Aprbs la prise du Canal de Beau Vallon, la Rivibre La Chaux recoit encore les contributions des ruisselets Alfred et Beau Vallon, passe a proximitb des ruines de la sucrerie de Beau Vallon od elle est jaugea N la station H2 et se jette a la mer a la Pointe de la Colonie, traversee, juste avant son embouchure, par le Pont de la Rivi2re La Chaux, reliant Mahebourg a la Ville Noire. Les modalites de partage de la Rivibre La Chaux, en aval de la digue de Plaisance, selon les provisions de l'Ordonnance 35 de 1863, furent suggeress par Arthur Langlois, arpenteur jure, dans daux rapports dat6s du 1 decembre 1893 (SCR No. 26045). Ces rapports n'ont pas dt6 homologues per la Cour Suprgme, bien qua prdsantant un partage raiso- nable des eaux de l Rivi2re La Chaux, selon les lois en vigueur. Finalement, le 4 novembre 1975, le debit normal de la Riviere La Chaux a Beau Vallon fut etabli par l CWA, selon la methods des isohybtes sur le bassin versant, a 0.843 m3/sec (29.76 pd3/sec), en accord avec le Rivers and Canals Ordinance d'octobre 1941. Un plan montrant le systbme hydrologique de la Riviere La Chaux et celui de la Rivibre des CrEoles est donne dans la figure 2.8. -78- 2.9.1 Les Stations de Mesure de la RiviLre La Chaux 2.9.1.1 La station HI & Astroaa Cette station, construite par le Ministere des Trausux et initiale- ment codee M.O.W.4, jauge le debit rssidusl de la Rivibre La Chaux, du fait des prises mentionnees ci-dessus. L'bquipement consiste en un d6versoir a mince paroi serti dans un deversoir a seuil large, d'une rbgle gradues avec courbs de tarage appropri6e. Les hauteurs quotidiennes moyennes ant donc At6 mesu- r6es manusilement depuis juillet 1954 jusqu'3 octobre 1966. Provi- sion avait 6t6 faite pour la mise en service d'un enregistreur con- tinu MUNRO, mais l'appareil ne fut jameis utilise. La station fut abandonnee en 1966. La CWA a copendant recommencd les jeugeagas b partir de 1974. La disponibilitt des donn6es a Hi peut se r6sumer dans le tableau 2.9.1.1.1. ci-dessous. Tableau 2.9.1.1.1. : Disponibilite, Origine et Qualite des donnhas a Hi 6 Astroea DEBITS MOYENS QUOTIDIENS A HI PERIODE ORIGINE QUALITE Juillat 1954 Ministbre des Travaux, Fiable - Octobre 1966 masures manuelles Novembre 1966 - 1974 N6ant 1974 - 1980 CWA Fiable Nous n'avons pas g6n&re les donnees manquants pour la p6riode 1966- 1974. Touts corr6lation avec la Rivibre des Creoles est impossible car les donnees font defaut pour cette rivibre aussi. Et mbme si elles existaient, La Rivibre des Creoles ost regulee par le R6ser- uoir d'Eau Bleue alors que le debit de la RiviAre La Chaux est naturel. Nous avons essaye une g6neration utilisant la Rivibre du Poste & Pont Coleville comme base, mais les resultats n'ont pas 6t6 concluants. 2.9.1.2 La station H2 i Beau Vallon Le dsversoir est du type CRUMP, avec une echolle limnimetrique snre- gistreur STEVENS et courbe do tarage appropri6s. Cette station existait depuis 1966, car des essais furent entrepris dBs novembre 1966. Mais ella n'stait exploit(e qu'occasionnellement. La CWA conserve des donnees la concernant depuis f&vrier 1974. Elle mesure le debit residual de la RiviAre La Chaux, an aval des diverses d6via- tions d6crites plus haut. 2.9.2 Analy_se_ des debits de la Rivibre La Chaux & Aastroea 2.9.2.1. Regime Pluviomdtrique La station Hi a Astroea, controle un bassin versant recouvrant une superficie de 32.8 km2, dont la majeure partie se trouve a une altitude oui la pluviom6trie est trbs forte, figure 2.9.2.1.1. La station de la Peyre est bien plac6e pour donner la pluviom6trie moyenne sur la partie sup6rieure, et celle d'Astroea, sur la partie inferieure. Les donn6es pluviom6triques d'Astroea sont compar6es avec celles de Piton du Milieu, figure 2.9.2.1.2. Malheureusement, lexploitation de La Peyre fait defaut pour les annees 1958-1960. Nous l'avons completea par comparaison avec La Chartreuse, voir figure 3.1.3.1.3. plus loin. Nous evans ensuits calcule la pluviom6trie ponderee sur les 32.8 km2 du bassin versant, affectant 18.6 km2 a Astrosa et 14.2 b La Peyrs. La comparaison, par double masses, des apports annuels de la Rivibre La Chaux a Astroea, at des volumes pluviomdtriques pon- d§res annuels sur son bassin varsant, est donnee dans la figure 2.9.2.1.3. En ce qui concerne la relation Ruissellement annuel - Pluviomdtrie annuells, nous avons etabli la suivante Q = - 18.299 + 0.460 P R2 = o.69s ou Q - apport annual de la Rivibre La Chaux & Astroea (MCM) P = volume pluviomOtrique annuel sur le bassin versant (MCM) R2 = coefFicient de d§termination lineaire. En faisant Q ^- 0, on a Po = 39.762 MCM. Sur ce bassin versant de 32.8 km , a forte pluviometris, ETR + ICV annuelle moyenne serait de l'ordre de 40 MCM. Les ordres de gran- deur sont donc respect6s. I1 convient de preciser que les debits mesures a Astroea ne repre- sentent pas le ruissellement naturel du haut bassin versant de la Riviere La Chaux, a cause des prises de : Riche en Eau, sur la Rivibre 86a Manique, qui se monte a 0.155 m3/sec (5.47 pd3/sec) , Mon Tresor - Mon D6sert, sur la Rivibre La Chaux, qui se monte a 0.068 m3/sec (2.4 pd3/sec) par le Canal de Deux Bras. IC MA Soc:iete d'Incgenieurs Conseil% SCHEMA DIRECTEUR D'AMENAGEMENT DLS EAUX DEBII MOYEN MENSUEL DE LA RIVIERE LA CHAUX A ASTROEA [HI] UNITE=pd3/s ANN.EE JAN FEV MAR AVR HAL JU JUI AOU SEP OCT NOV DEC 1955 13.65 70.30 95.00 81.30 60,03 72.17 43.42 34.41 26.13 15.94 9.93 29.76 1?56 67.17 93.56 90.27 44.84 37.63 45.85 21.73 17.02 12.43 8.92 7.22 28.50 1957 45.69 49.95 53.93 102.92 45,00 42.85 20.45 15.19 13.74 10.56 8.46 16.61 19S8 61.48 72.99 152.25 173.11 117.10 43.61 70.51 39.84 26.18 21.62 11.81 8.01 1959 26.88 88.36 106.55 55.18 31.80 14.96 11.60 48.46 34.56 46.87 81.27 53.17 1Y60 97,15 113,02 142.57 74.59 24,12 38.07 30.52 17.91 48.67 28.49 18.12 12.92 1961 14.59 10.49 13.67 27.16 17.66 17.78 34.07 42.83 49.01 15.30 9.93 218.35 1962 128.00 134.09 153.73 90.84 33.50 46,82 20.94 14.13 27.01 37.29 38.71 21.04 1963 26.19 56.85 55.53 94.30 60,15 46.03 50.04 18.32 9.84 13.91 60.95 24.85 1964 58.70 57.33 83.63 54.76 68.23 46.11 22.95 27.84 27.30 33,63 17.84 14.74 1965 43.57 55.56 47.01 106.91 63.24 74.96 78.86 63.15 91.43 49,55 53.00 14.47 MOYENNE 53,006 72,956 90.376 82,357 50.768 44,474 36.824 30.826 33.300 25.643 28,831 40.222 ECART-TYPE 35,278 33,540 46.045 39.360 27.757 18.267 21.782 16.250 23.260 14.461 25.648 60.335 SIGMA Societte 5dIngeniie urs Const-i3ils SCHEMA DIRECTEUR D AMENAGEMENT DES EAUX DEDIT MOYEN MENSUEL DE LA RIVIERE LA CHAUX A ASTROEA (HI] UNITE=pd3/s ANNEE JAN FEV MAR AVR MhAL JU JUI AOU SEP OCT NOV DEC 1975 11.42 64.50 56.21 46.19 66.54 39.45 23.30 18.64 26.37 13.88 13.36 9.03 1976 10.48 108.03 55.72 60,63 84.13 86.29 41.03 32.25 21.36 15.25 12.71 12.36 1977 43.50 66.95 15.82 80.64 71.81 43.88 23.23 18.47 13.70 15.15 9.82 23.70 1978 41.21 33.71 41.53 48.67 35,65 25.69 31.55 40.65 24.96 14.13 16.59 8.67 1979 29.38 85.33 74.46 47.62 52.83 60.47 29.36 40.22 33.25 16.43 13.34 46.70 1980 137.70 106.75 118.02 105.99 59.55 37.66 33.40 28.52 22.91 22.59 16.81 24.55 MOYENNE 45.613 77,545 60.295 64.956 61.751 48.908 30.309 29.78? 23.760 16.238 13.770 20.a35 ECARr-TYPE 47.268 28.448 34.354 23.943 16,677 21.503 6.724 9,867 6.419 3.241 2.619 14.491 M I ( , S.; o C:: 3. i t 1 l cL ' ;1. ri g c n *? :'. * kU r, t-i C c) n 1. :I SCHEMA DIRECTEUR D'AMENAGIMANI DES LAUX ANALYSE DE:S IDEBITS DE LA RiVIiRE LA CI-AUX A ASIVIOLA L.HII POUR 177j-1l980 DEBIT MOYEN QUOTIDIEN POURCENTACG du FKEQUENCE d'OCCURENCE M3/sec pd3/isec DEBIT fOTAL % du Nb de JAUGEAGES .085 3 1l0.0 100.0 .141 I 1 0 0 . U .283 10 98,76 93.93 .424 AS 94,00 78 I 0 .566 20 88.73 65.42 ,/07 .j 83s.2 i 55. .4 .849 30 77.b5 46.99 1.132 40 6.6'I 34.03 1.415 50 54,99 23,45 1.698 60 46.83 17.,29 1.981 70 39.38 12.55 2 . 264 o0 33.98 2.547 90 30.39 7.89 2.830 100 26,81 6.-4- 3,537 125 20.82 4.11 Al.245 1 50 17. Ob 2.97 4.952 175 13.84 2.14 b.660 200 12.82 I.9{22 7.075 250 10.14 1.41 8.490 .l) 0 8.02 1.09 1 1 .320 400 0 00 0 . 00 14.1S0 :;0o 0 00 0 00 16.980 600 0.00 0 00 19,810 700 0.O0 0,00 22.640 800 0.01 0.00 3:, :1: G Si 4 ) ",o :: :L o t e cl I n cj e- :i. :. u r '5 C; o n - o-e i. 1. .i- SCHEMA Il)tCTEUR D'VAMENAGEMENI' DES EAUX ANALYSE DLS DEBITS DE LA RIVIERIL LA CHAUX A ASTRJLA [HI] POUR 1955-1965 DEL;IT MOYEN QUOf'IDIEN POURCENTAGE' du FRLEUENCE d'OCCURENCE m,S/sec pd,3/sec DEBIT 1[0U AL Z du Nb de .fAUGEAGI S .0135 3 100.0 100.0 .141 100. 99. ll, 98 .283 10 98.82 92.88 .424 15 ?5 . b Y 80.01 .566 20 92.06) 70.03 ./707 25 8e8a 4'r 62. 2020 .849 30 85. 15 56.25 1.132 4l 76.41 43.93 1,415 50 66.32 32,93 1.698 60 07.12 2!4. 64 1.981 70 51.73 20.56 -2624 80 46.O9 1 6.8 .547 90 41.44 14.19 330 lll0 :3.1 9.88 3J537 1.25 215. 30 6.45 4.24b I 1 S 1 9 9 8 4. 418 4.952 175 16.12 3.36 200hh OU 11.84 2.24 7/,075 250 7.86 1.34 8,490 ,0 0 4.2, .70 100 (78-79) _7778) E (76 -.77) E ( -76) 17-75) O 75 ------ (73 74) (72 - 73) (71 2) o - (7X0-71) 7 (-69-70) < - (6-68) '0 /(66-67) x,, 50 - -65-66) (64 65 (62-63) PA t95t914 0-95S BR 3'W (61-62) R2= l.000 C - (6061) a 25 - (-9-60) - -- . . c58-59) O 20 I I (56-57) 10 (55-) (56./S56; - i (53 5 2 5 )7 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _X I I . I S 1 5 10 15 20 25 50 75 l0o Totaux annuels cumuiltifs a Piton du Milieu (xlO3mm) Fig. 2.9.2.1-2: V&eification, par Double-Masse, de I homog6neite des totaux p(uviom6triques d'Astroea par rapport a ceux de Piton du Milieu 750 500 E u C 2SC - 200 0 0. < ISO =0.066+*0.325P 100 -R2= 0.999 )00 200 300 400 500 1000 1500 Votumes ptuviometriques annue(s cumulatifs,P(MCM) Fig. 2-9-2-1 3: Comparcison,par Double-Masse,des apports annuels de la Riviere La Chaux d Astroea avec les volumes pluviometriques annuels sur son bassin versant -80- 2.9.2.2 Crues et 6tiages de le Rivi6re La Chaux Les jaugeages 6 Astroea se font manuellement et il ne nous est donc pas possible de pr6ciser lee d6bits de pointe aux grandes crues. Dans las donndes disponibles ne figurent pas celles des stiages de 1968-1969 et 1974-1975 qui sont reputes s6vbres. Les crues moyennes sont indiquees dans le tableau ci-dessous. Tebleau 2.9.2.2.1. bit de Crue M9yennes de 24 houre Date.de la Crue -d/9 .l/- pd3/sc m3/ec 28 fevrier 195279.0 7.91| uB f6vrier 1956 273.6 7.75 04 avril 1957 280.0 7.93 02 avril 1958 286.0 8.10 08 mars 1959 216.0 8 6.12 14 novembre 1959 300.0 8.5D 04 septembrel961 21D.0 5.95 07 fbvrier 1962 300.0 8.50 25 fevrier 1963 ' 300.0 8.50 20 janvier 1964 300.0 8.50 24 mars 1965 300.0 8.50 06 fevrier 1975 300.0 8.50 20 juin 1976 300.0 8.50 10 fevrier 1977 300.0 8.50 21 janvier 1978 300.0 8.50 03 fevrier 1979 295.D 8.36 23 d6cembre 1979 j 300.0 8.50 1 I1 samblerait qua les crues n'aient pas ete bien jaug6es et que pour les reprssenter, on ait adopte une limite superieure de 300 pd3/sec (8.50 m3/sec). Pour les btiages, les fluctuations, a l' chelle du jour, sont quasi n6gligeables et an doit pouvoir se fier aux mesures publiees. Mais, etant donna les lacunes dans les series de jaugeages an particulier, pour les saisons sbches historiques 68-69 et 74-75, toute pr§vision de fr6quence de retour d'un d6bit dl6tiags donna devra etre inter- pretee avec prudence. Nous avons relev§ les debits d'etiage suivants Tableau 2.9.2.2.2- BBa Dbbit d'etiage minimum Hrnngi Date d'Observation Hydrologique pd3/sec li/sec 1955-1956 27 octobre 1956 6.50 184 1956-1957 22 novembre 1956 6.30 175 1957-1958 24 novembre 1957 6.80 193 1958-1959 04 decembre 1958 4.80 136 1959-1960 01 septembre 1960 13.40 380 1960-1961 13 decembre 1960 6.80 193 1961-1962 07 novembre 1961 8.40 238 1962-1963 30 octobre 1963 6.70 190 1963-1964 13 janvier 1964 8.60 244 1964-1965 01 d§cembre 1964 9.40 266 1975-1976 1 18 decembre 1975 6.50 184 1976-1977 09 decembre 1976 8.72 247 1977-1978 22 novembre 1977 8.72 247 1978-1979 06 janvier 1979 6.10 173 1979-1980 08 decembre 1979 10.00 283 Nous avons effectue une analyse de frequence at la droite de Galton- Gibrat est celle qui, dans les circonstances presentes, donne le meilleur ajustement, rigure 2.9.2,2.1. Nous trouvons, Log g = 0.8814 + 0.1094 Z oC g = debit d'etiage Z = variable de Gauss. En l'absence de mesure pour les etiages de 68-69 et 74-75, nous deduisons, b partir de la Figure 2.9.2.2.1., les fr6quences de retour des debits suivants : 4.5 pd3/sec : 1 ann6e en 100 5.0 pd3/sec : 1 annee en 25 7.5 pd3/sec-J 1 annee sur 2 Periode de retour T annees D 10 20 50 100 200 500 Soo0 30 20 .0 2 0 000 0 0 0 0 4 . 00 00 0 ut) to a - N m4 0 0n O .. 0 0 co ai c a' t V 0 el i 1. --10 1 2 3 Variable de GAUSS (Z) Riviere La Chaux c Astroea. (HI) Fig. 2.9 .2. 2.1: Ajustement d'une Fonction de GALTON - GIBRAT aux debits d'etiage de ta Riviere La Chaux 6 Astroea (Hi) Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment APPENDIX F - Septic Tank & Leaching Field C.il Von Cover LEWater Level Water Level Wote, Level 090 UPVC 090 UPVC SECTION A-A \ g Layer SECTION B-B SECTION C-C .3700 200 750 1501500 s150 750 20 t -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- - - - ------------ ---- INLET INLET --. , , *,,, ,,,- -3 COMPAGNIE THERMIQUE .' > ! !.> >. !, .DE SAVANNAH Ltd. -- -- - - ----- Construction & Operation of a 83 MW CoallBagasse-Fired Power Plant at Sai'an,nah -_ __ .Septic Tank Details S"cal 1 25 Dale Jove 2005 --. ' Job No. 2436 PLAN OF SEPTIC TANK S.I.G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Partners Assoaiated Consulting Engineers 19 Ch-hv Street - Pal L..y- M-frO~ Tel 212 373405 212 096r2 212 2145 FaOo(230)205 0375 4500EAT GETEXTILE MEMBRANE GRAVEL:20/40 SLOPE 2mmrm PIPE_ 090mm UPVC PIPE MANHOL SLOPE 2mrrm GRAVEL:20140 |~~ -3 ReFRRR-PC0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -d SLOPE 2mrm RCKAN P~ERFORATED PIfPE PVC 090nmmX PIPE ARRANGEMENT OF LEACHING FIELD TRENCH FOR PERFORATED PIPE COMPAGNIE THERMIQUE DE SAVANNAH Ltd. Construction & Operation of a 83 MW Coal/Bagasse-Fired Power Plant at Savannah Leaching Field Details S'ale 125 i Dale J-ne 2005 *i 0 °Job No. 2436 Details of Perforated Pipe PVC 090 S.I.G.M.A. - Ove Arup & Partners Associated Consuling Engineers 19 C42tC Street- 212 L-an - Maul ns Tel 212 3734/5 212 0962 212 2145 Fa. (230)208 0375 Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coal/bagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment APPENDIX G - Wind Roses at Plaisance I JANUARY 7 I, If FE13 0 Yj ! , --, '1 - sc \ >ei; t/ ,,- 1, lb,- OC[ENESCL CASPNjIRNE m)INLVLCIYCLSE 2 - - < I . 5 -8 - LS 1 C 1 2 35-< FIGURE B (a) - MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION FOR SITE 01 5 10 % 8 325- <55- (DATA FROM PLAISANCE STATION (1 971-90)) I- jl t F :..A ,tFJ 4., MAYt f>r , 1t . > ' ' .' -. s~' ; i..r) - J E , . ;, Ir 2 ; * p1 ;. o 'I' '_ .7 '~ _____ -Z " -- __ _-- -. --. -. - --- -- N .-- - -- I4L .ASAi , .y. i . . -- . . As A ac t - :. K s IF 'F IA . 4 - t1| -- - A. - A -? --K0Q \-s 2--? -- -z - ---4@;4 9.-t 4 s -. A s - 3 S 1 . K :5;r,. || - - . - -- OCCURENCE SCALE "LAS 10CEtlY WIND VELOCITY CLASSES 2- 5 S23 -< FIGURE B (b) - MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION FOR SITE 01 5 1O~~~~ 3s5- 10.5 L . i*1 1PtEMEL. BR - -CTBER i-fV* E, I X,C ;i , ' - - - s- -- -. - . --- - --- - -- -, I OCCURENCE SCALE CLA S S ANEL m . WIND VELOCITY CLASSES 0 -t L /2 _ |2°-c32 FIGURE B (c) - MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION FOR SITE 551 %5 <.35 - < a0 24 (DATA FROM PLAISANCE STATION (1971-90)) 5 8 < 1.5 12 3 5K 6 > 10.5 Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Operation of a dual coaUbagasse-fired Power Plant at Savannah Environmental Impact Assessment APPENDIX H - Gaseous Emissions from Bagasse FACULT7 OF ENGINEERING ; Jt: eF FacLdrv- . Tel .i3(j0 454 1041 Et. 7 22(~ 230 , 464 9 S8 Fretitss' il. C. S. Rughoi ilutil, Phit) EJ .-ec.to: Ljcs and CoC)rLILrucutiorns I October 2003 -. MNr Gerard Rault - Operation Manager The Savannah Sugar Estate ,- 1 I'e.scalie.r , ear Sir. Rc: 'lest lResults Report On Stack Emission and . rubient Air Quality Thank you foir haying participated in the air emissions monitoring program for sug,ar factories for the lililling season 2003.The support and help given to us in the factory premises by your staff have been highly appreciated. Thfe monitoring team conducted tests for stack particulate matter, gaseous emissions Wid ambient air auaiity from 29'd July to l8I' August 2003 in the factory. Results arc C;ven in the enclosed report prepared by the p-.oject engineer. W e hope that our- services have been to your satisfaction and Ce remain at your disposal for an> further information clarification. ; v;7S faithUi-i.-j. Professo CS Rughooputh Chairman. Manaoernent Comminittee Air pollution Monitoring UJnit j '. EDUIT, MAUR!TIUS - 13-JbN-2r00 11:1 2 6262640 P-02 Recognitionl of Testing Procedures u o ests rave been carried out as recorrmmernded and, ap).oved by tne Code of Federar Reguiations 40 of tile Unjted Slates Environment Protection Act 1996 Methodology of Testing A - Testing procedures for Ambient Air Quality are given in the US EPA CFR 40 Part 53 Armbient air is continuously sampled and fed into analvsers for NO1. SO2 00, C. and PM lo The dry measurement method is based on the absorption and emission properties of the different gases on electromagnetic waves at particular wavelengths. The measurement principles of the gases are NO, Chemiluminescence's 0°2 Fluorescence CO tRiAbsorption 02 Ctiemiluminescence's PM1o High Volume Sampler 1 ziazt concentration values are averaged at every 15 minutes and recorded in a data fogger B- Testing procedures for Stack Gaseous Emissions are given in the US EPA CFR 40 Part 60 Flue gas is continuously sampled under vacuum from the chimney through a heated line to avoid condensation, It is filtered, its moisture condensed out and then fed into analysers for NOX, SO2 CO, 03 CO2 and 02. The method of measuremInt, on a dry basis, for each gas is: t40l Chemiluminescence's SO2 LIVIIR Absorption CO IR Absorption C2 IR-Absc-ption 02 Para magnetism C - Testing procedures for Stack Particulate Emissions are given in the US EPA CFR 40 Part 60 The flue gas is sampled firom the chimney at the same velocity ol its exhaust via a heated filter. The particulate matter is caught on the filter and af7.er its moisture has been condensed out, the volume of dry flue gas sampled is recorded. The mass of particulate matter caught is determined and the particulate load is calculated with respect to Ire volum.e of flue gas sampled. Quatity Assurance and Quality Control The Code of Federal Regulations has formulated testing methods that include procedures for Quality Assurance and Qualitv Control. Ttie analysers for ambient air measurement are systematically calibrated at zern and span level before and after measurement in a site. Protocol Gases of g9.999 % purity level are used for calibration purposes as recommended by the Code. 13-JAN--2005 11: 12 6262840 95. P.0- analyserS for gaseous air emissions are :2:;rr3:ee lr Io, rg a oirec! caitorailon operatlon using rIMlOCOi gases ,f e9.998% at zero, mid and span values before and after measurement, A s,vstem calibration (operation performed both before and after sampling) at zero and span levels to measure bias due to filtration and condensation Zero and span drifts and system bias are included in the calculation of the emission concentrations. For partizulate measurement, the high volume sampler is leak checked before and after every run. A m,!m -,m of two runs of samplino is carried out to ensure a representative result. The dry gas meter, pitot tubes, nozzles, pressure transducers, therrnocouples and the electronic balances have been calibrated by their respective manufacturers and carry calibration certificates. The sampling is done isokinetically at numerous points (12 to 24) in a region of laminar flows. The number of sampling points, the fiue gas velocity, the molecular weight and moisture content of the fiue gas is determined before a particulate sampling is done to ensure proper sampling. Correction and Standardisatioo of Coecentration Values After a value for the concentration of a gas or particulate matter is obtained by a reference method, the value of the concentration is corrected to the following standard set of conditions. Concentration of oases for Stack Gaseous Emissions have been corrected to standard conditions of temperature r273. 16 K) and pressure t l atmosphere or 101300 Pa) and at 15% 02to correct for excess air. The concentration of gases is exDressed as parts of pollutant per million parts of dry flue gas. I Concentration of Stack Pafticulate Matter has been corrected to standard conditions of temperature (273.1 6K) and Dressure 11 atm or 101300 Pa) and at 12% C02 to correct for excess air. The concentration of particulate matter is exDressed as milligrams per cubic metre of dry flue gas. The tests have been carried out at normal factory operating conditons as described in Table 1: Factory Data and the test results are given i l Tables 2,3 and 4. The Standards issued by the Ministry of Environment are given in appendix for comparison purposes. 13-JAN-2005 II:13 62622840 9i4% P. 04 Ruel I gasse Boiler TvDe, John Thompson Dumping Grade Scrubber Type Devumprpssion Chamber Wet Scrubber Number of stacks One Stack Diamdter (340m Stack Pressure rance 5-10 mm H20 Stack Velocity range 8.0-I2. 0 m/s Stack Flow Rate range ! 72 0-1 I O0 m3is Average Flue Gas Temperature 8 - 70 °C ,Fue Gas Mdlecular Weight 13.3 (C12 scale) Flue Gas M6isture Content 15 %rr TABLE 2: STACK GASEOUS EMISSIONSDATA r-LiL . ' Source of sampling -Ports on chimnev Date - - 131/07/03 - 041/0803 Component; Measured Concentration EPA 2002 _ Concentration @15 % 02 Standard ! Oxygen, % I 4.8 15 None Carbon Dioiide, % 16.0 5.4 None Sulphur Dioxide, ppm 30- 13 42 Nitrogen Di6xidr, ppm 130 15 i 374 Carbon Monoxide, ppm 1200 421 800 NOTE. Use concentrations @15 % °2 to compare with Emi.qsion Standards TA1BLE3:STACK PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSiON DATA ~Source o [ing iPorts on chimney Date 3 1 t August 2003 Actual Particblate Matter Load , mg/m3 1374.0 . Particulate Matter Load @ 12% C02, mgtm2Z8W NOTES. 1, 'In miltlgrams of particulate matter per cubic metres of dry flue gas at standard temperature and pressur6 2 Limit for particulate matter em.issions for bh,ssc burnjro pla,nts is i00 W/-i 3 3 Use corrected value @ 12% CO2 to compare with Emission Standards /I / 4 -- - 1L3-Jfr-2005 11:14 62S2840 '94R p.r0s AMBIENT AIR QUA"TY M¢EASURED DATA -ocation Downwirid of st3-k Date From 12' tG o I't of cOctober 2003 Arbient Pollutant . Averaging 'Measured IEPA 2002 Measurement Method ' Time Data (uglm3) 'Standard (ug!m3) Parliculac Miatter <,O rnicrons _2 hours 200 | 100 -High Volume Sampler _ '7K- Dj,yi& ! 1 hour 2- 350 Fluorescence S02 anawyse,. 24 hours 09 200 Calorimetric -- j t- - V - --- ____ N Dioxide 1 24 hours I 87_1 200 IChemiluminescenca's techniquesi Carbon Monoxide - | iour 2 250 25 000 Nondispersive Infrared - hours 1 625 1000 Photometer Ozone |1 hour i 64 100 |Chemitumirniescence's techniques| xJ' 'J 1- -JN-2005 i : 14 . 26240 9P.06 TABLE 1. FACTORY DATA: SAVANNAH 2002 ; Fuel Bagasse _.- - Boiler Type Pohn Thompson Dumping Grade Scrubber:Type Decompression Chamber Wet Scrubber Number of stacks One Stack Diameter 3.40 m Stack Pressure range 3 mm H20 Stack Velocity range 9.5 - 10.3 rn/s Stack Flow Rate range 30 - 47 mnls Average Flue Gas Temperalure 68 - 70 OC Flue Gas Molecular Weight 32.34 (Cl2 scale) Flue Gas Moisture Content 19 % m/m TABLE 2:' STACK GASEOUS EMISSIONS DATA Source of sampling jPorts on chimney Date I 12 - 23 August 2002 Component Measured Concentration EPA 1991 Concentration @15 % 02 Standard Oxygen, % 3.6 15 None Carbon Dioxide, % 15.8 5.4 None Sulphur Dioxide, ppm 38 13 42 Nitrogen Dioxide, ppm 43 15 374 Carbon Monoxide, ppm 5870 2020 800 NOTE: Use concentrations @ 15 % O° to compare with Emission Standards TABLE 3: STACK PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSION DATA - Source of sampfing Ports on chimney Date I 26 - 28 August 2002 Actual Particulate Matter Load ., mg/iM3 2' _ Particulate.Matter Load @ 12% C02, mg/im3 198 NOTES: 1. * In- milligrams of particulate matter per cubic metres of dry flue gas at standard temperature and pressure 2Tuimiit forlparticulate matter emissions for bagasse buming plants iiA- Wm . 3. Use corrected value @ 12% C02 to compare with Emission Standards 4 6262840 .% P. 07 -TABLU4: AMBIENTM1RQUALITYDATA' W .: - f7. ! Date . NO., ppb S02,ppb 03, ppb CO, ppm PM10, pg/m3 I23 August - 11 4 1 32 0.02 44 24t August 12 13 1 31 0 03 46 25t August 14 0 t 30 0.03 28 r 26 August 14 1 ] 32 0.06 41 L 27thAugust-7 12 2 29 0.04 30 I NOTE: Tests performed approx. 40m downwind of stack Akash GURA GOREDO Project Engineer 1 3th November 2002 (1I4 13-JRFlN-20MS5 11:16 8 .9°F ~ZcLˇ \ TCH 134 Boiler Type John Thompson Dumping Grade Fuel Basaasse Steam Production 66 tons per hour Electricity Production 9.8 MW Scrubber Type Decompression Chamber Wet Scubber Number of stacks One Diameter of stack 3.4 m Height of stack -30 m Average stack pressure 5mm H20 Average flue gas temperature 67 oC Flue gas molecular weight 30.29 Flue gas moisture content 20 % by weight Source of sampling Ports on chimney lAate : 10 - 20 AUG 2001 Component Measured Concentration EPA 1991 Concentration @15 % 02 Standard Oxygen,% 6.14 15 None .1 Carbon Dioxide, % 14.29 5.79 None Sulphur Dioxide, ppm 3.94 1.58 42 Nitrogen Dioxide, ppm 124 50 374 CarbonMonoxidelppm 3663 j----1470 -800 vp / NOTE: use concentrations 15 % Oz to compare with Emission Standards C:WItATEN MfL E{T NWNWWw Source of sampling Ports on chimney Date 10 - 20 AUG 2001 Actual Particulate Matter Load 1255 mg/m3 Particulate Matter Load @ 12% C02 210 g/m3g rvt 4 6 Lf NOTES: 1. 'in milligrams of particulate matter per cubic mefres of ry flue gas at standard temperature and pressure 2. Limit for particulate matter emissions for bagasse buming plants is 4O0mgWm3 3. Use corrected value @ 12% C02 to compare with Emission Standards Akash-GURA. GOREDO Project Engineer. 22nd November 2001 I 3-JQfN-200S5 1 j: 17 6262b40 94- P .09 TCH 125 Boiler Type John Thompson Dumping Grade Fuel Bagasse Steam Production 66 tons per hour Electricity Production 9 8 MW Scrubber Type Decompression chamber wet scrubber Number of stacks One Diameter of stack 3.4 m Height of stack 30m Average stack velocity 9 rr/s Average stack flowrate 80 ms/s Average stack pressure 0.5 cm HzO Average flue gas ternperature 70 -'C Flue gas molecular weight 30.3 Flue gas moisture content I 8% by weight Source of sampling Fac1oy yard, approx. 150 m downwind Date August 17th 2000 to August 27th 2000. Pollutant 24-hour EPA 1991 Average Standard Particulate Matter < 10 microns 58 ug/ni 100 ugIm' Sulphur Dioxide 3.5 ppb 70 ppb Nitrogen Oxides 33 ppb 75 ppb Carbon Monoxide Q05 ppm 8 ppm Ozone J46 ppb 47 ppb Source of sampling Ports On chimney Date August 17n 2000 Measured Concentration EPA 1 99t Cinponent Conrcentration @15 % 02 Standard Oxygen 8.28% 15% None Carborn Dioxide 12.25% 5.95% None Carbon Monoxide 1000 ppm 470 ppm 800 ppmr Sulphur Dioxide 4.2 ppm 2 ppm 42 ppm Nitrogen Dioxide 121 ppm Ppmp 374 ppmn A correction factor @1 5 % 02 is applicable to gaseous concentrations.Use concentration @15 % 02 for comparison to environmental emission standards Source of sampling 1iorts on chimney Date and time of test Aug 21" 2000 1 Actual Particulate matter load' 204 mgrn3l Particulate matter load 1 12% CO, 200 mg/rn Note: l - in milligrams of particulate matter per cubic metres of dry fue gas at standard temperature and pressure 2. Emission standard for particulate matter for bagasse burning plants is 400mg/in3 3. Use actual PM load for design of scrubber 4. A correction factor @ 12 % C02 is applicable to particulate matter concentrations.Use corrected value @ 12% CO2 for comparison to emission norms 13-JRThN-2005 11:18 6262840 95S P.10 - "a I.j. %-urottuwUtrt urtu /Jy.ctuWr uj UOJ.tfWi Jr ruwLer -uriw. rage b / Stack and Emission Characteristics of Existing Sugar Factories and Power Stations Pollutants Atmospheric Emission Rates at each Sugar Factory mg/Nm3 Kg/h USA Savannah MT-MD USA Savannah MT-MD PM 318 281 300 60.42 53.25 30.41 S02 17 13 5 3.23 2.46 0.51 NOx 205 15 55 38.95 2.85 5.58 Co 298 421 286 56.63 79.77 28.99 PCDD= Furnace Charateristics Stack Height 30m 30m Om Stack Diameter 3.65m 3.40m 2.17m Stack Temperature 750C 800C 1750C Stack Velocity 8.0m/s 7,5m/s 12.5m/s Flux NM3/h 190 000 189 486 101 364 Crushing Rate 140TCH 140TCH 106TCH Burning Rate 41.5TBH 41.3TBH 32.9TBH The entries of Table call for the following remarks: 45 * The pollutant concentrations in mg/Nm3 have been communicated by the Proponent4. * Inasmuch as S02 is concerned, the stoichiometric equation and a 0.01% to 0.015% S-content in bagasse, would yield 200 mgSO2 to 300mgSO2/Kgbagasse. This is what has been proposed by SIDEC for the bagasse-firing operation of CTSav, with a 10% retention of S02 in the ashes captured by the ESP. In the case of CTBV at Belle-Vue, the following maximum emission factors, from AP-42 Regulations (USA), have been proposed for the various pollutants expected from bagasse. POLLUTANT EMISSION FACTORS Mass/BTU Mass/GJ Mass/kg Bagasse PM 0.130 kg PM/GJ I 000 mg PM/kgB NOx 0.181 lb NOx/1 06 BTU 600 mg NOx/ kgB CO 0.351bCO/106BTU 0.150kgCO/GJ 1 165 mgCO/kgB VOC 0.061b VOC/106 BTU 0.0258 kg VOC/GJ 200 mg VOC/kgB Pb 8x10-3 mg Pb/kgB HCI 5.6x10-41b HCL/106 BTU 2.404x10-4 kg HCI/GJ 1.86 mg HCI/kgB Fluorides CO2 780 gm CO,/kgB Notes: (1) Uncontrolled NOx emission values, sampled downstream of the PM control systems, according to AP-42 (April 1993) are quoted to range between 0.12 and 0.43 gm/kg steam raised in the bagasse-fired furnace. Conversion factors used in AP-42 are, for information, 21b steam/lb bagasse, and 3 50OBTU/lb wet bagasse. 45 E-mail message from M Guy MAUREL 07 VI 2005. EIA - CTDS: Construction and Operation of a 83. 0MWI' Power Plant rage aa Per ullit weight of combustible, therefore, the NOx emission factors are between 240 and 860 mg NOx/kg bagasse. The average figure of 600 mg NOx/kg bagasse is adopted. (ii) VOC emissions are primarily clharacterized by the criteria pollutant class of unburned vapour phase hydrocarbons. Unburned hydrocarbon emissions can include essentially all vapour phase organic compounds emitted from a combustion source. These are primarily emissions of aliphatic, oxygenated, and low molecular weight aromatic compounds which exist in the vapour phase at flue gas temperatures. They are not sampled and analysed in Mauritius. They do not include PCDD and PCDF. Pollutants Atmospheric Emission Rates at each Sugar Factory mg/Nm3 Kg/h USA Savannah MT-MID USA Savannah MT-MD PM 318 318 173 41.50 41.30 32.90 S02 66 65.7 97 12.453 12.45 9.87 NOx 131 131 55 24.90 24.90 19.74 CO 257 257 195 48.90 48.9 30.92 VOC 43.7 43.7 65 8.3 8.3 6.6 Pb 0.00175 0.00175 0.003 3.32 x 10-4 3.32 x 10-4 2.63 x 10-4 HCI 0.405 0.405 0.602 0.077 0.077 0.061 CO2 170 368 170 368 255 712 32 370 32 370 25 920 PCDD/PCDF 0.10xlO-6 0.1Ox106 0.10xlO-6 Furna ce Charateristics Stack Height 30m 30m Om Stack Diameter 3.65m 3.40m 2.17m Stack Temperature 750C 800C 1750C Stack Velocity 8.0m/s 7,5m/s 12.5m/s Flux Nm3/h 190 000 189 486 101364 Crushing Rate 140TCH 140TCH I106TCH Burning Rate 41.5TBH 41.3TBH 32.9TBH