72011 Health Equity and Financial Protection Datasheets Europe and Central Asia Acknowledgements These datasheets were produced by a task team consisting of Caryn Bredenkamp (Task Team Leader, Health Economist, HDNHE), Adam Wagstaff (Research Manager, DECHD), Leander Buisman (consultant), Leah Prencipe (consultant) and Devon Rohr (consultant, graphic design), under the overall supervision of the Sector Manager, HDNHE, Nicole Klingen. The financial contributions of the Rapid Social Results Trust Fund (RSR-MDTF) and the Trust Fund for Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development (TFESSD) are gratefully acknowledged. Table of contents Albania...........................................................................................................5 Armenia.........................................................................................................7 Azerbaijan.................................................................................................... 8 Belarus.......................................................................................................... 9 Bosnia and Herzegovina.......................................................................... 10 FYR of Macedonia......................................................................................12 Georgia........................................................................................................13 Kazakhstan..................................................................................................16 Kyrgyz Republic.........................................................................................19 Latvia............................................................................................................21 Moldova..................................................................................................... 23 Montenegro............................................................................................... 24 Russian Federation................................................................................... 25 Serbia.......................................................................................................... 27 Tajikistan.................................................................................................... 28 Turkey......................................................................................................... 29 Ukraine....................................................................................................... 32 Uzbekistan................................................................................................. 35 Interpretation of Results Measurement of Indicators HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet AlbAniA the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2005 2 outcoMeS Stunting 33.4% 26.7% 28.7% 22.8% 19.0% 26.3% -0.106*** underweight 12.1% 8.5% 7.9% 2.0% 2.7% 6.8% -0.309*** diarrhea 9.5% 8.4% 7.7% 4.3% 4.1% 6.9% -0.174*** acute respiratory infection 8.7% 8.3% 5.6% 5.4% 7.4% 7.1% -0.075 2008-09 1 infant mortality rate 29.9 10.3 24.7 17.4 14.3 19.9 -0.127* under-five mortality rate 40.1 18.7 29.2 14.2 12.9 24.2 -0.194*** Stunting 30.6% 24.8% 19.9% 20.8% 15.9% 22.7% -0.122*** underweight 9.6% 5.1% 5.4% 5.4% 3.7% 6.0% -0.153** diarrhea 5.5% 5.9% 7.2% 3.4% 4.2% 5.4% -0.063 acute respiratory infection 9.6% 8.8% 12.7% 5.5% 6.6% 8.9% -0.098* Fever 8.1% 8.7% 9.6% 6.8% 5.0% 7.8% -0.078 inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHaVior 2008-09 1 Smoking (women) 0.8% 1.1% 2.1% 5.0% 11.6% 4.2% 0.519*** concurrent partnerships 2.5% 2.7% 3.3% 5.5% 8.2% 4.5% 0.268*** condom usage (more than 11.6% 2.9% 15.0% 24.0% 40.1% 25.0% 0.310*** one partner) inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interVentionS1,2 utiliZation 2005 2 Full immunization 88.4% 82.7% 85.8% 85.2% 65.2% 82.3% -0.042*** contraceptive prevalence 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 0.1% 0.284 2008-09 1 Full immunization 91.3% 91.5% 89.7% 86.9% 91.7% 90.2% -0.002 Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 49.3% 53.8% 67 .3% 81.3% 91.4% 67 .3% 0.137*** Skilled birth attendance 98.7% 99.2% 99.4% 100.0% 100.0% 99.4% 0.003*** contraceptive prevalence 7.2% 6.1% 7.5% 7.1% 11.4% 7.9% 0.110*** note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=2008-09 albania demographic and Health Survey, 2= 2005 albania Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - albania. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit:un Photo/G accascina 5 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet ARMENIA the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1a,1b,1c,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2000 1a outcoMeS infant mortality rate 56.5 50.9 36.4 48.9 26.6 45.1 -0.122** under-five mortality rate 57.7 58.3 52.8 53.9 38.2 53.2 -0.082 Stunting 24.8% 19.2% 18.5% 13.1% 13.1% 18.0% -0.133*** underweight 2.9% 2.6% 5.2% 1.2% 1.0% 2.5% -0.159* diarrhea 9.1% 6.9% 8.4% 7.8% 7.0% 7.8% -0.036 acute respiratory infection 10.7% 11.4% 10.4% 15.1% 11.3% 11.7% 0.040 Fever 16.0% 15.3% 15.2% 23.0% 14.1% 16.6% 0.032 2005 1b infant mortality rate 46.3 28.6 23.9 32.7 17.5 30.7 -0.144* under-five mortality rate 49.2 34.7 34.6 22.8 27.9 35.2 -0.152 Stunting 19.2% 8.7% 15.9% 24.4% 17 .0% 17 .1% 0.040 underweight 4.7% 3.1% 4.2% 6.1% 4.4% 4.5% 0.037 diarrhea 19.9% 16.7% 18.0% 16.9% 13.1% 16.8% -0.066 acute respiratory infection 11.2% 5.6% 5.7% 6.9% 11.0% 8.0% 0.021 Fever 16.0% 9.0% 17.8% 20.0% 15.3% 15.7% 0.039 2010 1c infant mortality rate 22.1 24.1 18.9 12.6 22.5 20.1 -0.008 Stunting 26.4% 19.4% 20.1% 18.0% 20.3% 20.8% -0.061 underweight 6.8% 6.2% 7.3% 3.3% 2.2% 5.2% -0.192*** diarrhea 5.5% 9.0% 9.7% 9.1% 10.7% 8.8% 0.092 acute respiratory infection 4.6% 5.2% 6.3% 13.8% 11.2% 8.1% 0.223*** Fever 9.5% 7.4% 10.5% 16.8% 16.4% 12.0% 0.160*** adult HealtH1a,1b,1c,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2000 1a obesity among non-pregnant 13.5% 14.4% 14.3% 14.5% 13.7% 14.1% 0.006 women 2005 1b obesity among non-pregnant 11.9% 17.9% 18.3% 18.1% 11.5% 15.5% -0.002 women inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1a,1b,1c,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHaVior 2005 1b Smoking (women) 0.8% 1.1% 1.8% 2.4% 2.7% 1.8% 0.247*** concurrent partnerships 0.8% 1.2% 1.4% 1.0% 1.2% 1.1% 0.023 2010 1c Smoking (women) 0.2% 0.4% 1.4% 2.4% 4.2% 1.7% 0.488*** concurrent partnerships 0.3% 0.2% 0.7% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.133 6 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild HealtH q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care interVentionS1a,1b,1c,2 utiliZation 2000 1a Full immunization 65.2% 72.2% 72.5% 81.3% 68.0% 71.4% 0.023 Medical treatment of ari 22.6% 27.7% 27.6% 35.1% 16.4% 26.2% 0.025 Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 39.1% 54.2% 79.2% 81.6% 87.2% 67.2% 0.163*** Skilled birth attendance 94.1% 94.3% 99.8% 99.1% 100.0% 97.2% 0.016*** 2005 1b Full immunization 63.1% 57.1% 79.3% 64.6% 50.8% 62.0% -0.003 treatment of diarrhea 40.3% 46.8% 35.9% 42.5% 44.7% 41.9% 0.021 Medical treatment of ari 36.4% 34.4% 33.4% 33.9% 46.4% 37.9% 0.117 Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 50.0% 59.1% 78.9% 80.8% 88.5% 72.5% 0.109*** Skilled birth attendance 95.3% 99.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.0% 0.008*** contraceptive prevalence 43.6% 44.9% 43.0% 47.5% 54.0% 47.4% 0.052*** among women 2010 1c Full immunization 88.9% 84.9% 86.5% 80.9% 79.3% 83.9% -0.021 Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 90.8% 91.3% 97.9% 96.9% 97.0% 94.8% 0.016*** Skilled birth attendance 100.0% 98.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.7% 0.001* contraceptive prevalence 14.2% 10.5% 17.5% 19.6% 21.6% 16.7% 0.129*** among women note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1a=2000 armenia demographic and Health Survey, 1b=2005 armenia demographic and Health Survey, 1c=2010 armenia demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - armenia. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. 7 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet A zerbAijAn the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2006 1 outcoMeS infant mortality rate 56.9 54.8 52.3 42.6 31.2 49.0 -0.106** under-five mortality rate 63.7 80.8 58.1 50.9 42.2 60.2 -0.112** Stunting 34.9% 32.5% 26.9% 17.2% 19.2% 27 .2% -0.142*** underweight 15.6% 10.5% 6.4% 3.0% 4.9% 8.7% -0.292*** diarrhea 13.3% 10.6% 9.8% 9.1% 9.6% 10.6% -0.087* acute respiratory infection 5.0% 3.0% 6.1% 3.9% 1.6% 4.0% -0.121* Fever 11.9% 8.5% 10.4% 8.1% 8.8% 9.7% -0.073 adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2006 1 obesity among non-pregnant 11.8% 15.4% 18.2% 22.3% 21.7% 18.1% 0.115*** women inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHavior 2006 1 concurrent partnerships 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.1% 0.2% 0.039 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2 utiliZation 2006 1 Full immunization 38.3% 40.0% 42.8% 37.8% 66.9% 44.5% 0.097** treatment of diarrhea 31.2% 14.3% 41.0% 39.2% 42.3% 32.2% 0.094 Medical treatment of ari 16.5% 40.4% 54.0% 51.3% 10.9% 37.8% 0.195** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 20.7% 33.8% 47.0% 69.0% 80.3% 47.5% 0.262*** Skilled birth attendance 79.2% 84.3% 90.6% 98.1% 99.6% 89.3% 0.051*** contraceptive prevalence 42.5% 40.0% 36.0% 40.1% 37.1% 38.8% -0.012 among women note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=2006 azerbaijan demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - azerbaijan. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. 8 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet BEL ARUS the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2005 2 outcoMeS Stunting 8.3% 5.3% 4.3% 2.6% 2.0% 4.6% -0.313** underweight 2.6% 2.1% 1.3% 1.6% 0.4% 1.6% -0.275* diarrhea 4.2% 4.4% 3.9% 4.6% 3.1% 4.0% -0.042 acute respiratory infection 13.2% 19.3% 21.4% 14.7% 17.3% 17.1% 0.020 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2 utiliZation 2005 2 Medical treatment of ari 82.9% 84.8% 94.7% 94.7% 91.8% 90.0% 0.027 contraceptive prevalence 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -0.970** adult Preventive care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2005 2 voluntary counseling and 90.7% 88.5% 90.6% 91.7% 88.9% 90.0% -0.001*** testing for Hiv note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005 Belarus Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Belarus. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: 9 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet Bosnia and Herzegovina the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2006 2 outcoMeS Stunting 17.2% 11.5% 11.8% 9.6% 6.9% 11.7% -0.157 underweight 1.7% 1.7% 0.6% 0.6% 4.0% 1.7% 0.116 diarrhea 3.6% 5.8% 4.4% 5.4% 4.6% 4.7% 0.038 acute respiratory infection 7.5% 7.6% 4.8% 5.8% 5.8% 6.4% -0.052 adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 tuberculosis 8.6% 4.4% 2.1% 3.3% 3.0% 4.2% -0.238** obesity among non-pregnant 4.2% 8.3% 0.3% 1.5% 6.2% 3.8% -0.081 women road traffic accident 2.9% 0.1% 3.3% 3.3% 0.3% 2.0% -0.063** non-road traffic accident 9.1% 5.5% 4.3% 3.9% 1.8% 4.9% -0.285 angina 13.0% 9.7% 4.2% 7.4% 2.7% 7.4% -0.253*** arthritis 15.7% 13.8% 11.2% 9.3% 10.0% 12.0% -0.123 asthma 4.8% 4.4% 1.4% 6.0% 1.1% 3.5% -0.129 depression 9.8% 5.1% 4.9% 9.3% 1.8% 6.2% -0.142 diabetes 7.8% 6.6% 5.9% 4.0% 0.6% 4.9% -0.284*** difficulty with work and 18.3% 12.8% 7.0% 4.7% 3.9% 9.3% -0.313*** household activities Poor self-assessed health 22.8% 11.0% 8.9% 5.1% 6.6% 10.9% -0.309*** status inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHaVior 2003 3 Smoking (all) 45.8% 45.6% 44.0% 44.1% 41.6% 44.2% -0.011 Smoking (women) 22.1% 54.3% 40.9% 32.5% 46.3% 39.5% 0.042 insufficient intake of fruit and 82.0% 88.3% 83.3% 85.5% 78.2% 83.5% -0.014 vegetables insufficient physical activity 21.5% 21.5% 29.4% 27.6% 33.4% 26.7% 0.092** drinking 2.0% 1.2% 0.3% 0.6% 4.3% 1.6% 0.201 concurrent partnerships 0.0% 0.8% 5.4% 0.0% 0.8% 1.6% -0.125 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interVentionS1,2 utiliZation 2006 2 Full immunization 90.4% 91.7% 89.1% 92.1% 89.4% 90.6% -0.001 contraceptive prevalence 5.0% 7.0% 9.0% 9.7% 16.1% 9.5% 0.225*** 10 inequalitieS adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care 2003 3 utiliZation tB screening 2.1% 3.0% 2.3% 0.6% 2.9% 2.2% -0.031 (cont.) cervical cancer screening 68.8% 64.7% 92.6% 94.8% 82.8% 80.9% 0.057** Breast cancer screening 3.0% 9.9% 4.7% 22.5% 16.4% 11.1% 0.264*** adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 inpatient or outpatient 53.0% 58.9% 52.6% 45.1% 50.8% 52.1% -0.026 (12 months) inpatient (12 months) 13.7% 11.7% 15.5% 11.9% 10.4% 12.6% -0.033 inpatient (5 years) 28.4% 24.0% 27.7% 32.2% 24.8% 27.4% 0.006 outpatient (12 months) 45.7% 54.3% 50.8% 43.7% 49.6% 48.8% -0.001 threshold share of total household consumption Financial cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Protection Pocket SPending3 2003 3 Headcount 43.7% 39.8% 33.3% 26.9% 24.8% concentration index -0.076* -0.087 -0.239*** -0.382*** -0.594*** threshold share of nonfood consumption cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Pocket SPending3 2003 3 Headcount 46.2% 44.3% 41.8% 34.3% 30.1% concentration index -0.062 -0.084* -0.119** -0.166*** -0.275*** iMPoVeriSHMent3 Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 4.4% 4.6% 0.3 pp 5.8% average shortfall from the $0.05 $0.05 $0.00 6.3% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.88 $0.89 $0.00 0.5% poverty line, among the poor Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 7.4% 8.7% 1.3 pp 18.0% average shortfall from the $0.10 $0.11 $0.01 10.9% poverty line average shortfall from the $1.06 $1.00 -$0.06 -6.0% poverty line, among the poor note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using Bosnia and Herzegovina’s consumer price index. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2006 Bosnia and Herzegovina Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 Bosnia and Herzegovina World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Bosnia and Herzegovina. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit:Hidajet delic-degi, 2001 11 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet F Y R oF Macedonia the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2005 2 outcoMeS Stunting 14.8% 11.0% 13.6% 5.9% 8.5% 11.6% -0.149*** underweight 2.9% 1.3% 2.0% 1.4% 1.1% 1.9% -0.205 diarrhea 9.8% 8.0% 4.4% 6.8% 3.9% 7.3% -0.148 acute respiratory infection 17.1% 13.5% 11.8% 8.8% 10.7% 13.1% -0.141*** inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHavior 2005 2 concurrent partnerships 15.3% 0.5% 5.0% 8.1% 3.1% 6.1% -0.163 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2 utiliZation 2005 2 Full immunization 81.1% 93.3% 92.9% 90.3% 98.3% 90.5% 0.029*** contraceptive prevalence 8.3% 7.8% 7.9% 5.9% 15.8% 9.2% 0.127* note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005 Fyr of Macedonia Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Fyr of Macedonia. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: yosef Hadar 12 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet GEORGIA the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2005 2 outcoMeS Stunting 21.8% 15.2% 16.1% 12.0% 8.3% 14.7% -0.182*** underweight 2.7% 3.5% 2.8% 2.2% 1.4% 2.5% -0.119 diarrhea 9.5% 12.2% 9.2% 14.7% 6.9% 10.4% -0.025 acute respiratory infection 13.3% 10.4% 10.2% 12.5% 13.8% 12.1% 0.030 adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 tuberculosis 3.8% 4.9% 2.5% 4.4% 5.6% 4.3% 0.052 obesity among all women 4.1% 5.5% 7.0% 8.9% 8.6% 7.0% 0.130* road traffic accident 0.2% 0.3% 0.6% 1.1% 1.1% 0.7% 0.343*** non-road traffic accident 1.5% 1.9% 2.4% 3.5% 0.6% 2.0% 0.011 angina 15.4% 17 .0% 14.2% 15.6% 10.7% 14.5% -0.056* arthritis 22.4% 22.3% 16.1% 18.6% 12.5% 18.2% -0.106*** asthma 6.9% 4.2% 2.7% 2.9% 3.7% 4.0% -0.132* depression 5.7% 5.9% 4.8% 5.8% 5.0% 5.4% -0.033 diabetes 1.9% 2.8% 1.6% 2.9% 4.4% 2.7% 0.146** difficulty with work and 22.5% 17.8% 15.3% 9.2% 8.5% 14.7% -0.194*** household activities Poor self-assessed health 33.6% 24.3% 16.9% 17.1% 11.2% 20.0% -0.205*** status inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHaVior 2003 3 Smoking (all) 20.9% 27.2% 27.7% 31.5% 35.9% 29.0% 0.096*** Smoking (women) 7.6% 6.6% 5.3% 7.7% 10.8% 7.6% 0.093 insufficient intake of fruit and 82.6% 79.9% 78.8% 78.3% 69.6% 77.6% -0.032*** vegetables insufficient physical activity 1.0% 0.9% 1.0% 1.3% 1.4% 1.1% 0.081 drinking 12.8% 12.3% 15.9% 17.3% 17.4% 15.3% 0.084*** concurrent partnerships 5.7% 0.0% 4.8% 4.1% 2.7% 3.5% -0.042 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interVentionS1,2 utiliZation 2005 2 contraceptive prevalence 9.3% 12.5% 13.8% 15.1% 18.6% 13.9% 0.133 among women 13 inequalitieS adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care 2005 2 utiliZation Voluntary counseling and (cont.) 82.3% 88.3% 75.6% 86.5% 83.8% 83.6% 0.007 testing for HiV 2003 3 tB screening 1.3% 2.3% 1.3% 1.2% 1.4% 1.5% -0.021 cervical cancer screening 30.5% 25.1% 41.0% 30.2% 38.4% 33.5% 0.058 Breast cancer screening 0.9% 3.0% 2.8% 4.1% 6.3% 3.6% 0.273*** adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 inpatient or outpatient 28.0% 38.2% 36.6% 38.4% 40.4% 36.7% 0.047*** (12 months) inpatient (12 months) 4.1% 5.0% 4.3% 3.0% 4.3% 4.2% -0.044 inpatient (5 years) 17.5% 13.6% 13.3% 12.7% 11.3% 13.5% -0.067* outpatient (12 months) 22.3% 31.4% 31.2% 32.4% 32.9% 30.5% 0.047** threshold share of total household consumption Financial cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Protection Pocket SPending3 2003 3 Headcount 32.6% 25.1% 20.4% 13.8% 8.8% concentration index 0.138*** 0.162*** 0.174*** 0.186*** 0.307*** threshold share of nonfood consumption cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Pocket SPending3 2003 3 Headcount 41.1% 39.1% 36.3% 30.8% 25.9% concentration index 0.105*** 0.089*** 0.071*** 0.060*** 0.025 iMPoVeriSHMent3 Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 25.6% 29.3% 3.7 pp 14.4% average shortfall from the $0.12 $0.14 $0.02 15.7% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.46 $0.47 $0.01 1.1% poverty line, among the poor Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 46.6% 51.2% 4.6 pp 9.8% average shortfall from the $0.41 $0.46 $0.05 12.2% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.84 $0.86 $0.02 2.2% poverty line, among the poor 14 note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using georgia’s consumer price index. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005 georgia Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 georgia World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - georgia. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: yuri Mechitov 15 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet K A Z AK HSTAN the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1a,1b,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 1995 1a outcoMeS infant mortality rate 30.3 49.0 40.4 55.2 32.8 41.4 0.057 under-five mortality rate 23.2 32.5 60.6 71.4 35.5 43.9 0.139** Stunting 30.6% 20.4% 16.9% 11.9% 4.1% 18.2% -0.262*** underweight 7.3% 7.7% 8.7% 6.1% 3.1% 7.0% -0.089 diarrhea 20.1% 12.6% 14.6% 18.5% 12.5% 16.0% -0.032 acute respiratory infection 6.2% 1.6% 1.8% 11.9% 5.4% 5.3% 0.155 Fever 9.1% 11.9% 6.7% 16.7% 17.1% 11.6% 0.153** 1999 1b infant mortality rate 73.0 64.0 77.9 27.3 43.3 58.9 -0.131*** under-five mortality rate 74.7 52.4 92.8 37.1 31.8 59.6 -0.141*** Stunting 17 .2% 14.7% 11.8% 7.7% 11.6% 13.1% -0.139** underweight 3.5% 3.9% 4.5% 2.2% 5.3% 3.8% -0.025 diarrhea 13.7% 12.0% 15.2% 13.9% 12.6% 13.6% 0.028 acute respiratory infection 2.7% 4.0% 2.9% 4.0% 1.2% 3.0% -0.025 Fever 14.2% 9.0% 15.4% 12.8% 9.4% 12.5% -0.012 2006 2 Stunting 20.7% 19.0% 18.6% 14.7% 13.6% 17.8% -0.084*** underweight 5.7% 5.8% 5.1% 4.3% 2.6% 4.9% -0.110*** diarrhea 1.1% 2.1% 1.4% 2.9% 2.0% 1.8% 0.162** acute respiratory infection 3.7% 5.7% 6.5% 6.9% 7.0% 5.7% 0.131*** adult HealtH1a,1b,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 1995 1a obesity among non-pregnant 13.2% 12.9% 18.8% 17.1% 19.0% 16.4% 0.089*** women 1999 1b obesity among non-pregnant 11.9% 13.6% 11.2% 15.0% 11.6% 12.7% 0.005 women 2002-03 3 tuberculosis 66.2 45.3 37.8 22.9 41.6 42.7 -0.150* obesity among non-pregnant 70.9 117.4 95.3 125.4 168.0 112.5 0.169** women road traffic accident 1.0% 0.4% 0.7% 1.2% 0.8% 0.8% 0.027 non-road traffic accident 2.8% 1.7% 2.6% 2.0% 1.8% 2.2% -0.086 angina 13.0% 19.9% 8.3% 5.8% 5.7% 10.5% -0.206*** arthritis 16.8% 27 .3% 18.0% 8.2% 12.6% 16.6% -0.117*** asthma 1.5% 2.6% 3.0% 2.2% 1.8% 2.2% -0.016 depression 1.8% 1.5% 2.3% 1.2% 0.3% 1.4% -0.163* diabetes 1.7% 4.4% 1.7% 2.1% 0.5% 2.1% -0.187 difficulty with work and 6.3% 5.3% 3.7% 1.0% 0.9% 3.4% -0.346*** household activities Poor self-assessed health 9.1% 14.6% 6.8% 2.2% 2.5% 7.0% -0.276*** status 16 inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1a,1b,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHavior 2002-03 3 Smoking (all) 23.0% 27.6% 24.6% 28.3% 26.2% 25.9% 0.012 Smoking (women) 5.6% 9.1% 9.8% 18.0% 19.2% 12.4% 0.216*** insufficient intake of fruit and 95.2% 91.6% 93.1% 87.0% 84.6% 90.3% -0.024*** vegetables insufficient physical activity 48.6% 55.7% 64.0% 58.7% 59.5% 57.3% 0.040*** drinking 7.4% 3.2% 5.8% 6.0% 6.7% 5.8% 0.017 concurrent partnerships 11.1% 2.4% 15.3% 8.5% 3.7% 8.7% -0.141* inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1a,1b,2 utiliZation 1995 1a Full immunization 25.8% 21.4% 22.6% 32.2% 41.4% 27.2% 0.111** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 75.8% 89.8% 82.2% 88.3% 93.7% 84.9% 0.032*** Skilled birth attendance 99.4% 100.0% 98.8% 100.0% 100.0% 99.6% 0.002 1999 1b Full immunization 70.2% 75.6% 77.2% 80.0% 62.3% 73.1% 0.004 treatment of diarrhea 15.2% 29.5% 30.9% 47.4% 50.8% 32.0% 0.246*** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 76.6% 78.5% 82.5% 79.7% 82.7% 79.8% 0.015 Skilled birth attendance 99.0% 99.2% 98.5% 99.0% 100.0% 99.1% 0.001 2006 2 Full immunization 82.1% 58.0% 59.7% 86.2% 70.1% 71.0% 0.035 contraceptive prevalence 27.5% 32.3% 34.3% 36.5% 39.3% 34.2% 0.064*** adult Preventive care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2002-03 3 tB screening 55.0% 44.7% 49.0% 38.1% 44.8% 46.3% -0.047** voluntary counseling and 95.0% 95.6% 93.1% 98.1% 97.8% 96.0% 0.008* testing for Hiv cervical cancer screening 91.9% 96.3% 95.2% 97.0% 97.4% 95.6% 0.011*** Breast cancer screening 36.6% 40.3% 47.4% 44.2% 49.8% 43.6% 0.058* 2006 2 voluntary counseling and 82.0% 84.8% 86.4% 89.0% 93.0% 87.6% 0.025*** testing for Hiv adult curative care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2002-03 3 inpatient or outpatient 59.9% 67.1% 66.8% 54.4% 57.0% 61.0% -0.022 (12 months) inpatient (12 months) 10.2% 8.6% 9.6% 5.6% 9.4% 8.7% -0.025 inpatient (5 years) 18.3% 19.2% 17.1% 12.8% 18.6% 17.2% -0.027 outpatient (12 months) 57.3% 61.2% 65.5% 54.2% 53.1% 58.2% -0.023 threshold share of total household consumption Financial cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Protection Pocket SPending 2002-03 3 Headcount 51.1% 31.5% 19.6% 7.8% 3.0% concentration index -0.028* -0.020 0.017 0.175*** 0.389*** threshold share of nonfood consumption cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Pocket SPending 2002-03 3 Headcount 62.7% 50.7% 39.7% 24.5% 12.2% concentration index -0.017 -0.036** -0.030 -0.020 0.100*** 17 Financial iMPoveriSHMent Protection Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption change % change (cont.) capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2002-03 3 Percentage in poverty 3.0% 4.2% 1.2 pp 40.8% average shortfall from the $0.01 $0.01 $0.00 26.3% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.35 $0.31 -$0.04 -10.3% poverty line, among the poor Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2002-03 3 Percentage in poverty 9.7% 12.4% 2.7 pp 28.0% average shortfall from the $0.06 $0.07 $0.02 25.6% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.62 $0.61 -$0.01 -1.9% poverty line, among the poor note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using kazakhstan’s consumer price index. data sources: 1a=1995 kazakhstan demographic and Health Survey, 1b=1999 kazakhstan demographic and Health Survey, 2=2006 kazakhstan Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2002-03 kazakhstan World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - kazakhstan. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: Martin Fodor 18 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet K y rgy z repu blic the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 1997 1 outcoMeS infant mortality rate 87.8 69.0 75.4 51.1 46.2 67.6 -0.132*** under-five mortality rate 99.5 96.7 95.1 50.7 51.8 80.1 -0.154*** Stunting 42.0% 36.9% 30.6% 22.9% 24.3% 32.6% -0.137*** underweight 7.6% 9.5% 10.9% 6.5% 5.3% 8.1% -0.036 diarrhea 21.1% 19.3% 18.7% 13.6% 13.6% 17 .8% -0.077* acute respiratory infection 5.3% 5.8% 3.6% 3.7% 2.8% 4.4% -0.101 Fever 14.1% 13.0% 13.8% 12.4% 12.6% 13.3% -0.009 2005-06 2 Stunting 25.4% 18.9% 16.0% 15.8% 14.9% 18.4% -0.114*** underweight 2.0% 2.4% 5.6% 3.4% 2.2% 3.1% 0.067 diarrhea2 2.5% 3.2% 4.7% 3.2% 4.9% 3.7% 0.092 acute respiratory infection 7.2% 12.9% 13.3% 9.6% 10.7% 10.7% 0.041 adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 1997 1 obesity among non-pregnant 5.8% 5.2% 10.9% 10.9% 9.8% 8.7% 0.112*** women inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHavior 2005-06 2 concurrent partnerships 2.1% 1.1% 3.3% 4.1% 1.8% 2.6% 0.144 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2 utiliZation 1997 1 Full immunization 73.9% 76.9% 80.3% 79.7% 75.8% 76.9% 0.009 Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 83.2% 86.8% 95.0% 95.2% 91.1% 89.6% 0.027*** Skilled birth attendance 96.2% 98.2% 98.0% 99.7% 100.0% 98.2% 0.008*** 2005-06 2 contraceptive prevalence 32.8% 24.6% 33.7% 33.9% 29.8% 30.9% 0.009 among women adult Preventive care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2005-06 2 voluntary counseling and 52.4% 61.8% 83.3% 83.7% 93.8% 79.9% 0.095* testing for Hiv 19 note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=1997 kyrgyz republic demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005-06 kyrgyz republic Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - kyrgyz republic. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: nicholas van Praag 20 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet L at via the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2003 3 outcoMeS tuberculosis 9.7% 11.6% 7.8% 12.9% 6.7% 9.7% -0.040 road traffic accident 1.1% 0.0% 2.3% 1.6% 2.9% 1.6% 0.246* non-road traffic accident 10.2% 9.6% 6.6% 10.7% 9.6% 9.3% -0.022 angina 33.0% 32.8% 27 .6% 13.0% 8.2% 22.5% -0.250*** arthritis 17 .7% 24.5% 16.1% 14.9% 7.1% 16.0% -0.151*** asthma 7.3% 5.8% 4.2% 4.2% 2.5% 4.7% -0.182** depression 7.4% 11.2% 6.5% 4.5% 4.3% 6.8% -0.161** diabetes 9.1% 9.4% 6.8% 7.3% 1.5% 6.7% -0.210*** difficulty with work and 16.2% 24.9% 14.0% 12.3% 4.1% 14.3% -0.198*** household activities Poor self-assessed health 32.2% 31.3% 17.9% 15.5% 8.9% 20.8% -0.247*** status riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci inequalitieS in 2003 3 riSky BeHaVior Smoking (all) 43.6% 30.6% 33.5% 33.5% 34.1% 34.8% -0.032 insufficient intake of fruit and 83.8% 76.9% 80.9% 80.7% 64.4% 77.0% -0.039*** vegetables drinking 15.3% 4.9% 7.0% 8.3% 5.7% 8.0% -0.161* inequalitieS adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care 2003 3 utiliZation tB screening 10.3% 14.2% 17.2% 16.4% 16.2% 15.0% 0.078 cervical cancer screening 78.5% 92.6% 96.9% 96.9% 94.8% 93.9% 0.020 Breast cancer screening 22.5% 39.7% 45.5% 37.1% 47.1% 39.7% 0.057 adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 inpatient or outpatient 62.0% 68.8% 60.5% 65.4% 71.0% 65.7% 0.013 (12 months) inpatient (12 months) 20.4% 18.5% 19.1% 15.5% 18.4% 18.3% -0.043 inpatient (5 years) 40.3% 42.5% 44.4% 37.5% 32.6% 39.4% -0.044 outpatient (12 months) 53.7% 56.6% 44.9% 64.6% 64.9% 57.3% 0.039 21 threshold share of total household consumption Financial cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Protection Pocket SPending 2003 3 Headcount 37.5% 26.8% 21.1% 15.6% 13.0% concentration index 0.005 -0.062 -0.193*** -0.330*** -0.794*** threshold share of nonfood consumption cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Pocket SPending 2003 3 Headcount 44.6% 38.6% 31.6% 23.6% 17.4% concentration index 0.010 -0.031 -0.055 -0.139** -0.327*** iMPoVeriSHMent Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 5.5% 5.7% 0.2 pp 4.4% average shortfall from the $0.06 $0.06 $0.00 2.7% poverty line average shortfall from the $1.03 $1.02 -$0.02 -1.7% poverty line, among the poor Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 7.2% 7.7% 0.5 pp 6.3% average shortfall from the $0.11 $0.12 $0.00 2.9% poverty line average shortfall from the $1.45 $1.40 -$0.05 -3.2% poverty line, among the poor note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using latvia’s consumer price index. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 latvia World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - latvia. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: curt carnemark 22 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet MOLDOVA the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2005 1 outcoMeS infant mortality rate 20.9 21.5 31.3 20.6 18.9 22.8 -0.037 under-five mortality rate 29.4 25.3 55.6 29.3 23.8 33.1 -0.022 Stunting 15.9% 11.3% 14.2% 6.3% 7.4% 11.3% -0.147*** underweight 6.3% 5.1% 2.1% 2.7% 1.0% 3.4% -0.287*** diarrhea 7.5% 2.2% 6.3% 9.5% 11.8% 7.5% 0.188*** acute respiratory infection 5.2% 5.8% 7.0% 6.6% 10.4% 7.1% 0.108* Fever 10.9% 10.2% 16.3% 17.6% 22.2% 15.6% 0.152*** adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2005 1 obesity among non-pregnant 17.6% 21.3% 19.5% 19.1% 14.5% 18.3% -0.045*** women inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHavior 2005 1 Smoking (women) 1.2% 2.4% 3.1% 8.4% 17.0% 7.1% 0.466*** concurrent partnerships 7.8% 8.8% 8.4% 13.7% 21.6% 12.6% 0.228*** condom usage (more than 20.0% 15.0% 30.1% 28.0% 32.7% 27.8% 0.103*** one partner) inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2 utiliZation 2005 1 Full immunization 90.0% 94.4% 95.5% 75.6% 86.2% 88.7% -0.021* Medical treatment of ari 41.9% 46.1% 72.6% 57.9% 68.1% 60.0% 0.069 Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 66.9% 81.0% 83.2% 84.6% 84.3% 80.5% 0.037*** Skilled birth attendance 99.4% 99.3% 100.0% 99.8% 100.0% 99.7% 0.002* contraceptive prevalence 49.4% 46.1% 51.4% 52.5% 53.9% 51.2% 0.030*** among women note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=2005 Moldova demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Moldova. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. 23 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet Montenegro the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2005-06 2 outcoMeS Stunting 13.9% 7.1% 5.7% 5.8% 5.2% 7.8% -0.184** underweight 4.9% 2.5% 1.5% 0.5% 1.7% 2.3% -0.342** diarrhea 8.5% 4.8% 1.7% 6.7% 3.4% 5.1% -0.154* acute respiratory infection 9.5% 12.2% 14.2% 11.1% 10.0% 11.4% 0.015 inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHavior 2005-06 2 concurrent partnerships 0.0% 0.0% 4.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% -0.142*** inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2 utiliZation 2005-06 2 contraceptive prevalence 1.0% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% 1.1% 0.8% 0.036 note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005-06 Montenegro Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Montenegro. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. 24 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet Russian FedeRation the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2003 3 outcoMeS tuberculosis 10.3% 8.9% 5.5% 3.5% 8.3% 7.3% -0.118 obesity among non-pregnant 14.8% 13.7% 13.5% 9.9% 19.9% 14.3% 0.004 women road traffic accident 1.0% 0.5% 0.3% 1.5% 1.7% 1.0% 0.182 non-road traffic accident 8.2% 7.5% 6.1% 10.1% 8.8% 8.1% 0.036 angina 43.4% 37 .6% 22.9% 11.5% 15.3% 25.7% -0.262*** arthritis 36.7% 31.2% 17.9% 13.6% 11.3% 21.8% -0.257*** asthma 1.8% 5.1% 3.0% 3.2% 6.3% 3.9% 0.123 depression 2.2% 2.6% 2.5% 2.2% 7.3% 3.4% 0.192 diabetes 3.5% 3.7% 2.3% 1.5% 5.4% 3.3% -0.003 difficulty with work and 29.3% 18.4% 11.9% 6.3% 4.6% 14.1% -0.362*** household activities Poor self-assessed health 38.8% 27.1% 15.6% 10.5% 6.5% 19.7% -0.345*** status riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci inequalitieS in 2003 3 riSky BeHaVior Smoking (all) 21.4% 21.3% 33.5% 27.9% 33.3% 27.5% 0.094*** Smoking (women) 29.5% 16.9% 22.9% 11.8% 19.5% 18.0% -0.046 insufficient intake of fruit and 93.8% 82.4% 82.0% 83.0% 73.1% 82.8% -0.041*** vegetables insufficient physical activity 42.6% 49.4% 49.7% 55.6% 38.4% 47 .0% -0.001 drinking 11.3% 7.4% 6.8% 8.9% 8.3% 8.5% -0.048 concurrent partnerships 18.3% 13.1% 7.7% 12.8% 6.8% 10.5% -0.113 inequalitieS adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care 2003 3 utiliZation tB screening 45.1% 46.3% 55.2% 47.8% 50.1% 48.9% 0.021 Voluntary counseling and 91.0% 100.0% 97.3% 95.8% 100.0% 97.6% 0.007** testing for HiV cervical cancer screening 86.1% 97.9% 89.3% 95.4% 98.3% 94.4% 0.016*** Breast cancer screening 9.8% 12.8% 20.6% 26.7% 33.2% 21.4% 0.239*** adult curatiVe care3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2003 3 inpatient or outpatient 64.6% 69.1% 61.9% 64.1% 63.3% 64.6% -0.009 (12 months) inpatient (12 months) 11.1% 15.3% 13.6% 14.6% 13.1% 13.6% 0.004 inpatient (5 years) 33.1% 35.1% 31.4% 30.0% 28.7% 31.7% -0.043 outpatient (12 months) 56.8% 63.2% 51.4% 57.9% 56.5% 57.1% -0.005 25 threshold share of total household consumption Financial cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Protection Pocket SPending 2003 3 Headcount 42.5% 31.5% 25.4% 6.6% 3.5% concentration index -0.139*** -0.261*** -0.395*** 0.033 -0.240*** threshold share of nonfood consumption cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Pocket SPending 2003 3 Headcount 51.6% 46.7% 41.9% 21.0% 12.5% concentration index -0.073*** -0.107*** -0.145*** 0.101** 0.145** iMPoVeriSHMent Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 20.5% 21.6% 1.0 pp 5.1% average shortfall from the $0.20 $0.21 $0.01 5.8% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.98 $0.98 $0.01 0.6% poverty line, among the poor Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 24.8% 26.8% 2.0 pp 8.1% average shortfall from the $0.37 $0.39 $0.03 6.9% poverty line average shortfall from the $1.48 $1.46 -$0.02 -1.1% poverty line, among the poor note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using russian Federation’s consumer price index. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 russian Federation World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - russian Federation. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: yuri kozyrev 26 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet Serbia the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2005-06 2 outcoMeS Stunting 11.7% 8.5% 6.9% 8.5% 5.5% 8.3% -0.125*** underweight 5.1% 1.0% 0.8% 0.4% 1.8% 1.8% -0.362*** diarrhea 7.3% 5.1% 4.0% 4.9% 4.7% 5.2% -0.096** acute respiratory infection 12.2% 10.1% 12.1% 12.4% 9.9% 11.4% -0.017 inequalitieS in riSK FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSKy BeHavior 2005-06 2 concurrent partnerships 3.5% 5.2% 2.8% 7.2% 6.9% 5.2% 0.131 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2 utiliZation 2005-06 2 contraceptive prevalence 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.085 adult Preventive care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2005-06 2 voluntary counseling and 67.4% 74.5% 79.8% 83.7% 94.7% 84.2% 0.055*** testing for Hiv note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005-06 Serbia Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - Serbia. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: un Photo/Flaka Kuqi 27 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet TAJIK ISTAN the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2005 2 outcoMeS Stunting 37 .4% 36.1% 37 .1% 28.8% 25.4% 33.1% -0.079*** underweight 20.2% 16.1% 15.1% 11.0% 10.7% 14.8% -0.134*** diarrhea 18.2% 11.6% 13.2% 11.0% 11.8% 13.3% -0.103*** acute respiratory infection 3.6% 5.1% 3.8% 3.4% 3.7% 3.9% -0.038 Fever 10.2% 8.1% 6.2% 6.5% 6.0% 7.5% -0.125*** inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHaVior 2005 2 Mosquito net use by children 2.1% 0.5% 0.6% 1.2% 0.9% 1.1% -0.117 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interVentionS1,2 utiliZation 2005 2 Full immunization 13.2% 16.4% 24.1% 34.9% 40.0% 25.4% 0.213** treatment of diarrhea 58.3% 60.3% 55.6% 58.1% 59.7% 58.4% 0.007 contraceptive prevalence 20.7% 22.3% 22.8% 24.9% 26.8% 23.6% 0.055*** among women note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=n/a demographic and Health Survey, 2=2005 tajikistan Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - tajikistan. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: Gennadiy ratushenko 28 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet Turk e y the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1a,1b,1c,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 1993 1a outcoMeS infant mortality rate 106.7 80.2 72.1 54.5 29.2 72.4 -0.204*** under-five mortality rate 137.7 99.1 88.4 74.0 29.3 91.0 -0.226*** Stunting 40.3% 32.0% 20.7% 11.6% 5.6% 23.8% -0.315*** underweight 18.6% 9.5% 6.9% 4.1% 2.1% 8.9% -0.372*** diarrhea 14.2% 14.6% 13.4% 12.5% 11.8% 13.4% -0.048* acute respiratory infection 5.0% 5.6% 5.3% 4.1% 3.8% 4.9% -0.064 Fever 38.0% 29.2% 28.2% 26.6% 25.6% 30.0% -0.081*** 1998 1b infant mortality rate 74.4 60.2 50.3 36.7 29.7 52.5 -0.182*** under-five mortality rate 87.5 71.3 58.9 44.4 42.3 63.4 -0.157*** Stunting 31.5% 24.9% 16.8% 10.7% 4.7% 18.8% -0.306*** underweight 14.0% 8.1% 4.8% 3.4% 1.9% 7.0% -0.377*** diarrhea 38.7% 34.1% 32.7% 23.1% 16.9% 30.1% -0.150*** 2003 1c infant mortality rate 67.0 44.1 33.3 24.5 15.4 39.3 -0.257*** under-five mortality rate 91.6 57.5 45.7 27.3 29.7 53.1 -0.243*** Stunting 30.5% 15.5% 12.1% 4.9% 4.6% 14.9% -0.371*** underweight 6.8% 3.4% 2.6% 0.7% 0.7% 3.2% -0.425*** acute respiratory infection 36.8% 33.3% 27 .1% 25.0% 21.1% 29.5% -0.109*** Fever 47 .7% 48.0% 39.8% 33.0% 27.0% 40.3% -0.109*** adult HealtH1a,1b,1c,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 1993 1a obesity among non-pregnant 12.8% 23.7% 18.8% 21.5% 18.1% 19.1% 0.034 women 1998 1b obesity among non-pregnant 17.2% 20.9% 21.5% 20.8% 13.9% 19.0% -0.022 women 2003 3 tuberculosis 13.2% 11.8% 9.4% 9.4% 7.1% 10.2% -0.040* road traffic accident 1.4% 1.2% 1.8% 1.7% 1.7% 1.5% 0.145*** non-road traffic accident 3.3% 2.5% 3.5% 2.2% 2.8% 2.8% 0.037 angina 5.6% 8.8% 6.3% 6.1% 4.2% 6.2% 0.008 arthritis 8.8% 10.3% 7.7% 9.1% 6.7% 8.5% 0.033 asthma 2.8% 5.8% 3.4% 3.3% 4.4% 3.9% 0.106** depression 4.7% 6.8% 7.0% 9.0% 8.9% 7.3% 0.201*** difficulty with work and 19.2% 14.9% 11.0% 10.3% 8.4% 12.8% -0.110*** household activities Poor self-assessed health 15.5% 9.8% 7.5% 6.0% 3.9% 8.5% -0.195*** status 2003 1c obesity among non-pregnant 20.2% 26.6% 23.5% 23.2% 19.5% 22.7% -0.018 women 29 riSk FactorS1a,1b,1c,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci inequalitieS in 2003 3 riSky BeHaVior Smoking (all) 31.1% 31.0% 32.4% 33.6% 36.2% 32.8% 0.087*** insufficient intake of fruit and 89.1% 83.5% 78.5% 79.8% 73.5% 80.9% -0.018*** vegetables insufficient physical activity 27.6% 27.1% 27.9% 28.0% 26.6% 27.4% 0.056*** drinking 7.1% 7.9% 9.8% 11.2% 16.6% 10.5% 0.244*** 2003 1c Smoking (women) 17.0% 21.7% 25.2% 29.2% 39.9% 27.5% 0.170*** inequalitieS Maternal and cHild HealtH q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care interVentionS1a,1b,1c,2 utiliZation 1993 1a Full immunization 41.2% 62.8% 68.1% 82.6% 81.8% 65.3% 0.132*** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 10.0% 22.8% 33.7% 57.1% 76.0% 36.5% 0.357*** Skilled birth attendance 44.1% 71.4% 84.7% 95.4% 99.1% 76.6% 0.150*** 1998 1b Full immunization 29.6% 38.8% 51.3% 59.0% 69.1% 47.9% 0.163*** treatment of diarrhea 22.2% 26.4% 34.4% 27.2% 25.6% 27.0% 0.066** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 14.0% 28.8% 45.4% 60.0% 84.1% 43.3% 0.321*** Skilled birth attendance 54.3% 79.5% 89.3% 95.2% 99.4% 81.7% 0.113*** 2003 1c Full immunization 33.0% 55.4% 61.3% 70.8% 73.6% 58.2% 0.149*** Medical treatment of ari 29.4% 43.1% 53.4% 57.3% 62.8% 45.2% 0.160*** Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 16.0% 38.3% 56.9% 69.5% 86.0% 49.6% 0.287*** Skilled birth attendance 59.9% 81.9% 92.0% 96.6% 99.4% 83.9% 0.100*** contraceptive prevalence 50.7% 52.6% 51.6% 55.6% 57.9% 54.3% 0.029*** threshold share of total household consumption Financial cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Protection Pocket SPending 2003 3 Headcount 38.9% 29.6% 22.6% 13.7% 7.4% concentration index 0.034*** 0.020* 0.022 0.014 0.019 threshold share of nonfood consumption cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Pocket SPending 2003 3 Headcount 45.4% 38.6% 33.4% 24.4% 16.2% concentration index 0.035*** 0.013 0.011 -0.005 -0.032* 30 Financial iMPoVeriSHMent Protection Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption change % change (cont.) capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 8.1% 10.5% 2.4 pp 30.2% average shortfall from the $0.04 $0.06 $0.01 30.0% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.55 $0.55 $0.00 -0.1% poverty line, among the poor Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2003 3 Percentage in poverty 18.2% 22.0% 3.8 pp 21.0% average shortfall from the $0.14 $0.18 $0.04 26.2% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.78 $0.81 $0.03 4.3% poverty line, among the poor note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using turkey’s consumer price index. data sources: 1a=1993 turkey demographic and Health Survey, 1b=1998 turkey demographic and Health Survey, 1c=2003 turkey demographic and Health Survey, 2=n/a Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2003 turkey World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - turkey. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: yosef Hadar 31 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet Uk raine the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 2007 1 outcoMeS infant mortality rate 23.1 17.7 23.1 28.0 9.2 19.3 -0.101 under-five mortality rate 18.7 8.0 26.6 42.7 10.9 20.0 0.055 adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2002-03 3 tuberculosis 9.2% 16.1% 9.0% 5.3% 7.0% 9.3% -0.111** obesity among non-pregnant 4.5% 9.0% 10.9% 13.0% 19.2% 12.1% 0.217*** women road traffic accident 1.4% 4.0% 1.0% 1.5% 1.3% 1.9% -0.107 non-road traffic accident 8.2% 11.1% 8.8% 6.5% 5.9% 8.1% -0.088* angina 22.7% 28.3% 20.2% 18.0% 14.1% 20.7% -0.084** arthritis 21.3% 25.3% 17 .3% 13.4% 12.8% 18.1% -0.117*** asthma 5.1% 5.4% 3.9% 3.8% 2.8% 4.2% -0.118* depression 4.3% 2.7% 5.7% 2.2% 3.6% 3.7% -0.041 diabetes 3.7% 5.4% 3.8% 1.4% 1.0% 3.0% -0.251*** difficulty with work and 16.6% 21.0% 12.1% 10.9% 5.4% 13.2% -0.180*** household activities Poor self-assessed health 31.4% 32.9% 22.6% 17.0% 15.4% 23.9% -0.158*** status inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHaVior 2002-03 3 Smoking (all) 26.0% 23.2% 27.2% 26.0% 25.4% 25.5% 0.016 insufficient intake of fruit and 62.7% 55.3% 52.1% 51.7% 43.8% 53.0% -0.062*** vegetables insufficient physical activity 10.0% 9.5% 8.7% 6.6% 8.3% 8.6% -0.073 drinking 27.9% 32.1% 36.8% 33.3% 28.8% 31.8% 0.016 2007 1 Smoking (women) 10.2% 8.9% 16.9% 17.4% 19.3% 15.1% 0.144*** concurrent partnerships 13.9% 10.3% 13.8% 21.9% 19.8% 16.3% 0.126*** condom usage (more than 40.4% 46.5% 52.2% 50.2% 54.1% 50.2% 0.033 one partner) 32 inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interVentionS1,2 utilization 2005 2 contraceptive prevalence 52.5% 49.3% 46.9% 41.3% 31.1% 44.2% -0.099*** 2007 1 Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 94.6% 97.0% 97.8% 98.7% 98.6% 97.5% 0.008*** Skilled birth attendance 96.9% 98.9% 100.0% 99.6% 99.3% 99.0% 0.005** contraceptive prevalence 28.0% 34.1% 37.9% 40.3% 45.3% 38.3% 0.083*** adult PreVentiVe care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2002-03 3 tB screening 27.5% 39.7% 34.4% 31.1% 34.5% 33.4% 0.016 cervical cancer screening 87.3% 94.3% 93.6% 82.8% 90.7% 89.8% -0.007 Breast cancer screening 33.1% 25.3% 45.4% 38.4% 52.0% 39.3% 0.101** Voluntary counseling and 82.2% 94.1% 88.0% 90.4% 82.8% 87.4% -0.009 testing for HiV 2005 2 Voluntary counseling and 87.9% 95.0% 88.6% 87.5% 93.2% 90.3% 0.003 testing for HiV utilization3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2002-03 3 inpatient or outpatient 54.3% 60.6% 59.3% 61.3% 59.2% 58.9% 0.017 (12 months) inpatient (12 months) 11.4% 20.3% 16.7% 17.0% 8.5% 14.8% -0.036 inpatient (5 years) 27.4% 37.6% 34.3% 35.7% 25.4% 32.1% -0.006 outpatient (12 months) 45.7% 51.2% 48.0% 51.1% 53.4% 49.9% 0.027 threshold share of total household consumption Financial cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Protection Pocket SPending3 2002-03 3 Headcount 49.3% 34.0% 26.2% 16.6% 11.5% concentration index 0.033* 0.041 0.082** 0.173*** 0.199*** threshold share of nonfood consumption cataStroPHic out-oF- 5% 10% 15% 25% 40% Pocket SPending3 2002-03 3 Headcount 60.6% 51.8% 44.7% 33.1% 24.1% concentration index 0.017 0.013 0.017 0.001 0.034 33 Financial iMPoVeriSHMent3 Protection Poverty line at uS$1.25 per consumption consumption change % change (cont.) capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2002-03 3 Percentage in poverty 5.0% 6.5% 1.5 pp 29.2% average shortfall from the $0.03 $0.03 $0.01 21.0% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.50 $0.47 -$0.03 -6.4% poverty line, among the poor Poverty line at uS$2.00 per consumption consumption change % change capita per day including ooP excluding ooP 2002-03 3 Percentage in poverty 12.3% 15.7% 3.3 pp 27.2% average shortfall from the $0.09 $0.12 $0.02 26.1% poverty line average shortfall from the $0.71 $0.70 -$0.01 -0.9% poverty line, among the poor note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. Poverty lines are at 2005 purchasing power parity, adjusted to current prices using ukraine’s consumer price index. data sources: 1=2007 ukraine demographic and Health Survey, 2= 2005 ukraine Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=2002-03 ukraine World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - ukraine. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: yuri Mechitov 34 HealtH equity and Financial Protection dataSHeet UZBEK ISTAN the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. data are drawn from the demographic and Health Surveys (dHS), World Health Surveys (WHS), Multiple indicator cluster Surveys (MicS), living Standards and Measurement Surveys (lSMS), as well as other household surveys where available. the datasheets use a common set of health indicators for all countries. all analyses are conducted using the health modules of the adePt software. inequalitieS cHild HealtH1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH 1996 1 outcoMeS infant mortality rate1 58.5 40.7 38.9 44.1 42.7 45.9 -0.051 under-five mortality rate1 45.7 33.6 50.8 67.7 42.9 47.4 0.060 Stunting1 41.0% 36.1% 39.4% 29.4% 33.5% 36.4% -0.049* underweight1 20.3% 16.0% 11.4% 12.1% 10.6% 14.8% -0.140*** diarrhea1 3.9% 3.3% 6.3% 5.5% 8.8% 5.2% 0.183** acute respiratory infection1 0.3% 0.8% 0.6% 1.1% 4.3% 1.2% 0.488*** Fever1 6.2% 7.9% 8.3% 9.6% 10.3% 8.2% 0.083 2006 2 Stunting2 21.9% 21.3% 20.3% 18.1% 14.5% 19.4% -0.072*** underweight2 5.4% 5.2% 4.2% 3.9% 3.3% 4.4% -0.105** diarrhea2 2.3% 2.7% 2.3% 3.5% 1.8% 2.5% -0.012 acute respiratory infection2 5.2% 4.8% 5.0% 5.6% 6.0% 5.3% 0.020 adult HealtH1,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 1996 1 obesity among non-pregnant 2.8% 4.3% 7.3% 5.8% 7.3% 5.6% 0.164*** women inequalitieS in riSk FactorS1,2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci riSky BeHavior 2006 2 concurrent partnerships 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.2% 2.0% 0.5% 0.699*** inequalitieS Maternal and cHild q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci in HealtH care HealtH interventionS1,2 utiliZation 1996 1 Full immunization 83.0% 76.5% 82.4% 77.2% 75.7% 79.6% -0.019 Skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) 81.6% 85.4% 84.5% 88.0% 85.1% 84.7% 0.015* Skilled birth attendance 91.2% 100.0% 99.0% 99.3% 100.0% 97.4% 0.019*** 2006 2 contraceptive prevalence 45.0% 43.5% 43.5% 42.1% 40.3% 42.8% -0.020*** among women adult Preventive care2,3 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 total ci 2006 2 voluntary counseling and 90.9% 89.2% 91.8% 93.1% 94.3% 92.2% 0.010*** testing for Hiv 35 note: the Health equity and Financial Protection datasheets use a standardized selection of indicators (see Measurement of indicators for full list). When (1) data sources are not available or (2) indicator-specific sample size is less than 250 per quintile for mortality indicators or less than 25 per quintile for all others, indicators are not reported for the country under analysis. For analysis of inequalities using WHS, dHS and MicS, quintile ranking is based on an asset index. For all other analyses, ranking is based on household consumption. q = quintile (where quintile 1 is the poorest) ci = concentration index; ranges between -1 and 1; negative sign indicates that the health outcome takes higher values among the poor * Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%. data sources: 1=1996 uzbekistan demographic and Health Survey, 2=2006 uzbekistan Multiple indicator cluster Survey, 3=n/a World Health Survey. recommended citation: World Bank. 2012. Health equity and Financial Protection datasheet - uzbekistan. Washington, d.c.: World Bank. For more information and the latest versions of the Health equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets, see: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth. Photo credit: curt carnemark, 1994 36 I nterpre tatIon of results InequalItIes In health outcomes, rIsky behavIor and health care utIlIzatIon the tables in this section show how health outcomes, risky behaviors and health care utilization vary across asset (wealth) quintiles and periods. the quintiles are based on an asset index constructed using principal components analysis. the tables show the mean values of the indicator for each quintile, as well as for the sample as a whole. also shown are the concentration indices which capture the direction and degree of inequality. a negative value indicates that the variable (e.g. stunting or skilled birth attendance) is more concentrated among the poor, while a positive value indicates that the variable is concentrated among the better off. the larger the index in absolute size, the more inequality there is. the statistical significance of the concentration index is also shown, at 1% (***), 5% (**) and 10% (*) significance levels. For example, if stunting has a concentration index of -0.121***, then stunting is significantly concentrated among the poor. beneFIt-IncIdence analysIs benefit-incidence analysis (bIa) shows whether, and by how much, government health expenditure disproportionately benefits the poor. there are three tables showing, respectively, the distribution of service utilization across consumption quintiles for different types of care, the distribution of user fees, and the distribution of the estimated subsidies. all tables also show the concentration indices which capture the direction and degree of inequality. a negative value indicates that the variable (i.e. utilization, fees or subsidies) is more concentrated among the poor, while a positive value indicates that the variable is concentrated among the better off. the larger the index in absolute size, the greater is the inequality. For example, if the concentration index of subsidies to hospitals is positive, the non-poor benefit more than the poor from government spending on hospital services. the distribution of subsidies depends on the assumptions made to allocate subsidies to households. under the constant unit cost assumption, each unit of utilization is assumed to cost the same and is equal to total costs incurred in delivering this type of service (i.e. subsidies plus user fees) divided by the number of units of utilization. under the constant unit subsidy assumption, the unit subsidy is assumed to be constant, equal to total subsidies for the service in question divided by the number of units of utilization of that service. under the proportional cost assumption, higher fees are indicative of a more costly type of care; specifically, it is assumed that unit costs and fees are proportional to one another. If the concentration index is negative, then the subsidy to the particular level of care is pro-poor and if the concentration index is positive, then the subsidy is pro-rich. the column labeled “share� shows the distribution of the total subsidy across different levels of care. FInancIal protectIon: catastrophIc and ImpoverIshIng expendIture measures of financial protection relate out-of-pocket spending to a threshold. one approach is to classify spending as ‘catastrophic’ if it exceeds a certain fraction of household income or consumption or nonfood consumption. catastrophic payments are defined as health care payments in excess of a predetermined percentage (i.e. 5% to 40%) of their total household spending or nonfood spending. the first line of the first table shows the catastrophic payment “headcount�, i.e. the proportion of households with a health payment budget share greater than the given threshold. For example, if the “headcount� figure given in the last column of the first table is 6%, then 6% of households spend more than 40% of their pre-payment income on health payments. the concentration indices in the second line of each table show whether there is a greater tendency for the better off to have out-of-pocket spending in excess of the payment threshold (in which case it takes on a positive value), or whether the poor are more likely to have out-of-pocket spending exceeding the threshold (in which case it takes on a negative value). another approach is to classify health spending as ‘impoverishing’ if it is sufficiently large to make the household cross the poverty line, i.e. the household would not have been poor had it been able to use for general consumption the money it was forced to spend on health care. the extent of impoverishment due to health care expenditure is measured by comparing the extent of poverty computed using household consumption gross and net of out-of-pocket health spending. the table shows three measures of poverty. the first line of the table shows the percentage of the population living below the poverty line, i.e. the poverty “headcount�. the second line shows the population’s average shortfall from the poverty line, i.e. the “normalized poverty gap�; the normalization is useful when making comparisons across countries with different poverty lines and currency units. Finally, the last line shows the average shortfall from the poverty line, among those who are poor, i.e. the normalized mean positive poverty gap. the last column shows the percentage increase in poverty, the percentage increase in the average shortfall from the poverty line and the percentage increase in the average shortfall from the poverty line among the poor due to out-of-pocket health spending, respectively. progressIvIty oF health FInancIng the table in this section reports whether overall health financing, as well as the individual sources of finance, is regressive (i.e. a poor household contributes a larger share of its resources than a rich one), progressive (i.e. a poor household contributes a smaller share of its resources than a rich one) or proportional. the 1st through 5th columns show the distribution of consumption and different sources of health care financing. the 6th column shows the summary measures of inequality; in the case of consumption, this is the gini coefficient and in the case of other sources of financing it is the concentration index. In the 7th column, the kakwani index (defined as the concentration index less the gini coefficient) takes on a positive value, then payments are more concentrated among the better off than consumption, and is a sign that payments are progressive. If the kakwani index is negative, then payments are regressive. the last column shows the contribution of each financing source to total health care financing (obtained from national health accounts data). For more guIdance on InterpretatIon oF results, see: o’donnell, o., e. van doorslaer, a. Wagstaff and m. lindelow. (2008). analyzing health equity using household survey data: a guide to techniques and their implementation. Washington, d.c.: World bank. Wagstaff, a., m. bilger, z. sajaia and m. lokshin. (2011). health equity and financial protection: streamlined analysis with adept software. Washington, d.c.: World bank. Me asureMent of In dIcators IndIcator MeasureMent data chIld health number of deaths among children under 12 months of age per 1,000 live births (note: mortality Infant mortality rate rate calculated using the true cohort life table approach; the dhs reports use the synthetic cohort dhs life table approach) number of deaths among children under 5 years of age per 1,000 live births (note: mortality rate under-five mortality rate calculated using the true cohort life table approach; the dhs reports use the synthetic cohort life dhs table approach) % of children with a height-for-age z-score <-2 standard deviations from the reference median stunting dhs, MIcs (note: z-score calculated using Who 2006 child Growth standards) % of children with a weight-for-age z-score <-2 standard deviations from the reference median underweight dhs, MIcs (note: z-score calculated using Who 2006 child Growth standards) diarrhea % of children with diarrhea (past two weeks) dhs, MIcs diarrhea % of children with diarrhea (past two weeks; youngest child) Whs acute respiratory infection % of children with an episode of coughing and rapid breathing (past two weeks) dhs, MIcs acute respiratory infection % of children with an episode of coughing and rapid breathing (past two weeks; youngest child) Whs Fever % of children with fever (past two weeks) dhs, MIcs Fever % of children with fever (past two weeks; youngest child) Whs Malaria % of children with an episode of malaria (past year; youngest child) Whs adult health tuberculosis % of adults who reported tuberculosis symptoms (past year) Whs obesity among non-pregnant women % of women aged 15 to 49 with a BMI above 30 dhs obesity among all women % of women aged 18 to 49 with a BMI above 30 Whs road traffic accident % of adults involved in a road traffic accident with bodily injury (past year) Whs % of adults who suffered bodily injury that limited everyday activities, due to a fall, burn, poisoning, non-road traffic accident Whs submersion in water, or by an act of violence (past year) angina % of adults ever diagnosed with angina or angina pectoris Whs arthritis % of adults ever diagnosed with arthritis Whs asthma % of adults ever diagnosed with asthma Whs depression % of adults ever diagnosed with depression Whs diabetes % of adults ever diagnosed with diabetes Whs difficulty with work and household % of adults who have severe or extreme difficulties with work or household activities (past 30 days) Whs activities (note: this indicator was created from an ordinal variable with five categories) % of adults who rate own health as bad or very bad (note: this indicator was created from an Poor self-assessed health status Whs ordinal variable with five categories) hIV Positive Percentage of adults aged 15 to 49 whose blood tests are positive for hIV 1 or hIV 2. dhs rIsk Factors smoking (all) % of adults who smoke any tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars or pipes Whs smoking (women) % of women aged 15 to 49 who smoke cigarettes, pipe or other tobacco dhs smoking (women) % of women aged 18 to 49 who smoke cigarettes, pipe or other tobacco Whs Insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables % of adults who have insufficient intake of fruit/vegetables (less than 5 servings) Whs Insufficient physical activity % of adults who spend < 150 minutes on walking/ moderate activity/vigorous activity (past week) Whs drinking % of adults who consume ≥5 standard drinks on at least one day (past week) Whs concurrent partnerships % of women aged 15 to 49 who had sexual intercourse with more than one partner (past year) dhs, MIcs concurrent partnerships % of women aged 18 to 49 who had sexual intercourse with more than one partner (past year) Whs % of women aged 15 to 49 who had more than one partner in the past year and used a condom condom usage (more than one partner) dhs, MIcs during last sexual intercourse % of women aged 18 to 49 who had more than one partner in the past year and used a condom condom usage (more than one partner) Whs during last sexual intercourse Mosquito net use by children % of children who slept under an (ever) insecticide treated bed net (Itn) (past night) dhs, MIcs % of pregnant women aged 15 to 49 who slept under an (ever) insecticide treated bed net (Itn) Mosquito net use by pregnant women dhs (past night) Maternal and chIld health InterVentIons % of children aged 12-23 months who received BcG, measles, and three doses of polio and dPt, Full immunization dhs, MIcs either verified by card or by recall of respondent treatment of diarrhea % of children with diarrhea given oral rehydration salts (ors) or home-made solution dhs, MIcs % of children with a cough and rapid breathing who sought medical treatment for acute respiratory Medical treatment of arI dhs, MIcs infection (past 2 weeks) % of mothers aged 15 to 49 who received at least 4 antenatal care visits from any skilled personnel skilled antenatal care (4+ visits) dhs (doctor, nurse/midwife, auxiliary midwife, feldsher, family nurse, trained birth attendant) skilled birth attendance % of mothers aged 15 to 49 that were attended by any skilled personnel at child’s birth dhs contraceptive prevalence % of women aged 15 to 49 who currently use a modern method of contraception dhs, MIcs adult PreVentIVe care tB screening % of adults who were tested for tuberculosis (past year) Whs Voluntary counseling and testing for hIV % of women aged 18 to 49 who were tested for hIV and were told the results of the test Whs,MIcs cervical cancer screening % of women aged 18 to 69 who received a pap smear during last pelvic examination (past 3 years) Whs Breast cancer screening % of women aged 40 to 69 who received a mammogram (past 3 years) Whs adult curatIVe care Inpatient or outpatient (12 months) % of adults who used any inpatient or outpatient health care (past year) Whs Inpatient (12 months) % of adults who used any inpatient health care (past year) Whs Inpatient (5 years) % of adults who used any inpatient health care (past 5 years) Whs % of adults who used any outpatient health care (past year; conditional on having not used any outpatient (12 months) Whs inpatient care past 5 years) note: unless otherwise noted, all children are under the age of 5 and all adults are aged 18 and older About the Health Equity and Financial Protection datasheets The Health Equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries. Topics covered include: inequalities in health outcomes, health behavior and health care utilization; benefit incidence analysis; financial protection; and the progressivity of health care financing. Data are drawn from the Demographic and Health Surveys, World Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, Living Standards and Measurement Surveys, as well as other household surveys, and use a common set of health indicators for all countries in the series. All analyses are conducted using the health modules of the ADePT software. Also available are Health Equity and Financial Protection country reports. The most recent versions of the Health Equity and Financial Protection reports and datasheets can be downloaded at www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth.