EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA WOMEN DEMOGRAPHICS GENDER AT A GLANCE POPULATION BY AGE, 2010 81800 REV MEN Source: UN World Population Prospects. 100+ TURKEY 90-94 80-84 70-74 GNI per capita (Atlas Method) US$10,8301 60-64 Population living below US$2.50 9%2 50-54 Most recent…. 40-44 Government Gender Action Plan 2008-2013 30-34 Country Gender Assessment 2012, World Bank 20-24 Source: 1WDI, 2012. 2ECAPOV, 2011. Estimated as of September, 2013. 10-14 0-4 EQUALITY IN TURKEY, 2000-2011 Source: GenderStats, UNECE, Inter-Parliamentary Union. WOMEN EDUCATION Female gross MEN secondary 2000 enrollment SHARE OF TERTIARY GRADUATES BY AREA OF STUDY (%), 2010 100 2011* Source: GenderStats. Health Education 50 Agriculture Female labor force Humanities and arts Share of women in 0 participation (ages Social science, business and law parliament 15-64) Science Servi ces Engineeri ng, manufacturing, and construction 0% 50% 100% Women's monthly wages as a share of men's (unadjusted) WOMEN JOBS MEN *Female gross secondary enrollment (2010); Share of women in parliament (2013). LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION (% ages 15-64) , 2000- 2011 Source: GenderStats. GLOBAL INDICES Score Max Rank Year 100 World Economic Forum 80 Global Gender Gap Index 0.6015 1 124/135 2012 60 UNDP 40 Gender Empowerment Measure 0.379 1 101/109 2009 20 OECD Social Institutions & Gender Index - 0 - 2012 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR*(%), 2012 Source: EuroStat. *Sectors include those with over 5% of total employment. Sector share of total employment Education 5% Agriculture, forestry and fishing 22% Manufacturing 18% Wholesale and retail trade; repairs 14% Accommodat ion and food serv ice 5% Public administration and defence 6% Transportation and storage 5% Const ruction 7% 0% 50% 100% LEGAL FRAMEWORK The constitution of Turkey guarantees equality for men and women before the law. Men and women have equal ownership and inheritance rights to property. The default marital property regime is partial community of property. There are laws restricting the industries in which women may work. More specifically, there are restrictions regarding the employment of women in the area of mining. Women are entitled to 112 calendar days of maternity leave with 66.6% of wages paid, and 180 days of unpaid maternity leave. The law guarantees pregnant and nursing women workplace protections from dismissal; however, it does not guarantee placement in an equivalent position when they return from maternity leave or rights to a flexible schedule. The law does not stipulate public provision of child- care for children under the age of primary education. The age at which men and women can retire and receive full benefits is 60 and 58, respectively. There is legislation specifically addressing domestic violence that includes emotional, financial, physical, and sexual abuse. Source: Women, Business, and the Law (2013). Turkey Europe & Central OECD Upper Middle Year* KEY INDICATORS Male Female Male Asia Female Male Female Income Male Female Endowments: Education, Health, and Demographics Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 105 104 103 102 105 104 111 110 2010 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 86 79 100 97 99 99 84 87 2010 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 61 50 54 66 62 74 33 40 2010 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 101 100 98 99 101 101 97 99 2010 Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and above) 96 85 99 98 96 91 2009 Labor force with tertiary education (% of relevant group) 15 21 25 31 21 35 2011 Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment - 92 - 98 - 100 - 104 2010 Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 76 73 80 77 82 71 75 2011 Maternal mortality rates (per 100,000 live births) - 20 - 21 - 19 - 64 2010 Fertility rates (births per woman) - 2.1 - 1.7 - 1.8 - 1.8 2011 Access to Economic Opportunity Labor participation rate (% of population ages 15-64) 76 30 77 62 79 62 83 65 2011 Unemployment (% of labor force) 9.2 11.3 8.9 8.7 8.0 7.9 2011 Youth unemployment (% of population ages 15-24) 17.1 20.7 19.9 20.5 17.2 16.5 2011 Self-employed (% of employed men/women) 34 48 22 15 18 13 2011 Employment rate of persons ages 25-49 with a child under 3 living in household Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) - 41 - - - 2008 Gender pay gap (in average monthly earnings, % of men's - - - - wages, unadjusted) Share of women employed in the non-agricultural sector (% of - 23 - 47 - 46 - 39 2010 total non-agricultural employment) Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+) 82 33 73 66 86 80 62 53 2011 Agency Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments(%) - 14 - 24 - 25 - 22 2013 Firms with female top managers (%) - 12 - - - 2008 Share of women among ministers (%) - 4 - 19 - 24 - 15 2012 Percentage agreeing that a husband is justified in hitting or 39 beating his wife *Indicates year of country data. All benchmarking data is from the most recent available year. Data from GenderStats (downloaded September 10, 2013), UNECE, Inter-Parliamentary Union (as of September 1, 2013), DHS, and the central statistics office of Turkey. DATA Please note that where possible, data is from harmonized, internationally comparable sources. WANT TO KNOW MORE? For more information, please visit the Gender Data Portal at www.datatopics.worldbank.org/gender