Rural Development Indicators Handbook 22346 1 March 2000 From the World Develo 7*ai= f Indicators U URADEVELOPMENT T H EWOR L D B A N K Rural Development Indicators Handbook from the World Development Indicators March 2000 1 Copyright 2000 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing March 2000 2 Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................4 PREFACE ..............................5 DATA NOTES ............................. 6 REGIONAL TABLES WORLD .......................8 EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC ....................... 9 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA.... . 1 0 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ................... 11 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA ...................... 12 SOUTH ASIA .................... 13 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ............................... 14 INCOME GROUP TABLES LOW INCOME .16 MIDDLE INCOME ......................E 17 LOWER MIDDLE INCOME .................18 UPPER MIDDLE INCOME .......................19 LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME .............. 20 HIGH INCOME ............. f i ... 21 COUNTRY TABLES ............................. 24-229 (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) TECHNICAL NOTES ON THE RURAL SCORE CARD ................ 231 HOW THE RURAL SCORE CARD IS COMPUTED .................... 232 HOW TO USE THE RURAL SCORE CARD ............................ 232 NEXT STEPS ..... . 233 DEFINITIONS ..... 235 3 Acknowledgement The Rural Development Indicators Handbook is based mainly on the World Development Indicators 2000. Defin- ing, gathering and disseminating international statistics is a collective effort of many people and organizations. The indi- cators presented in the World Development Indicators are the fruit of decades of work at many levels, from the field- workers who administer censuses and household surveys to the committees and working parties of the national and international statistical agencies that develop the nomen- clature, classifications, and standards fundamental to inter- national statistical system. Nongovernmental organizations have also made important contributions. We are indebted to the WDI network of partners, as detailed in the World Development Indicators 2000, particularly the FAO, ILO, WHO, as well as the International Institution for Applied System Analysis. 4 Preface Rural Development: From Vision to Action (World Bank, 1997) spells out a broad strategy for developing the rural economy and improving the well-being of people living in rural areas. The strategy identifies poverty reduction, widely- shared growth, food security, and sustainable natural re- source management as the four primary development goals that countries can use as signposts to measure their progress towards sustained rural development. While Vision to Action recognized the importance of sys- tematic monitoring to track rural development progress, it did not provide a built in framework for such an exercise. The problem is that effective monitoring requires quality data; however, the debate on defining appropriate indica- tors across sectors has not yet been resolved. In addition, where consensus has been reached on particular indica- tors, quality data sets are not widely available in the Bank's client countries. As a result, it is difficult to develop a com- mon approach to monitoring and evaluating progress within a country and across several countries. To address this deficiency, the Rural Development Depart- ment (RDV), working with the Development Economics Data Group (DECDG), is developing a Rural Integrative Data System (RIDS). The first step in this effort is the Rural Development Indicators Handbook. This Handbook iden- tifies a broad set of rural indicators - some from the DECDG databases and the World Development Indicators, others not yet readily available. In addition to the broad set of rural indicators, the Handbook presents data for com- puting the Rural Score Card, a composite indicator that can be used to assess an overall progress in achieving rural well-being (poverty reduction) for a country. To facilitate the evolution of quality and consistency of a world wide rural data system, the Rural Family of the World Bank and DECDG will collaborate with client countries and other development agencies. Robert L. Thompson Director of Rural Development World Bank 5 Data notes The data are mainly from the World Development Indica- tors 2000. The cut off date for the data in this book book is February 1, 2000 and further changes to the WDI data are not reflected here. Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted. Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-in- come economies only. The aggregates are shown only if data are available for 66% of the economies in the regional or income group. Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified. Symbols used: means that data are not available or that aggre- gates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 means zero or less than half the unit shown. $ means current U.S. dollars. * means that the rural breakdown of the indicator is needed for monitoring rural development and well- being, but in the absence of that data, the national aggregates are shown. The goal is to have the rural/urban breakdown for such indicators in future editions. Data are shown for countries with population greater than 30,000 or less if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any territories for which the au- thorities report separate social or economic statistics. 6 Regional Tables 7 W~d 1EE0 1990 1993 PpuiUon (rrilliors) 4430.2 5254.5 5697.1 GDP($rrillioins) 10,960,147 21,418.190 2B,736,978 (,P per capita, Alas med (U[i $) 2,530 4,583 4,890 Rura popJetion(%'Octal) 60 56 54 Ufe epectaiany 61 65 67 uface area (1,O 5sq. eln) Fpuiatr teion t th poerty lire (%ruraf) Icrtality rae, irfaIt (pacr 1,0I live brthis) 90 63 54 Safe ater, rural % of rurai popia9on vath aocess) Saitatil, rural (%do rurai populaticr wth armes) dmo4 enroilrrrent, prirnny (% Sgry)' 97 1013 10 S3do enrolrrinal, pirriray. rrae (%gross)* 104 106 109 Smnoo enroilnre, priay, ferrrde (%gross)- 90 97 102 er capita dietary eresgy sqiy (aines)ac. Malnutritin p terre (%of chdlren -der 5)- Youth ilifteracy rate, (%orf ferare 15-24)^ 30 23 19 Illiteacyrate, aiitfewde re(%offernael15 )' 46 38 32 Agr. (MP(vatreadle), ¶Jci6grath(1 9809) 22 Agr. GDP, a.gr vor as %d tota lPI wrvke Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual goath (1980-9E) Rura rat errnony- nt Ertioyees, agr. ferraie (%of tota laor force). Enpioyees, services.I feIae (%of totai labn force) -agr. GDP rna-Fagr. woker (gpeople) Cerea yieid (klogram per hectare) Food produtio irdex (19991 = 100) Livestocks pdction irdex (1989-91 =100) Agr. exoorts as aercent d fg. vaJre adcded PL-en d agr5 producxton sdd in dohestic artiet. Akess to finerte system per ray hoursehold Grossdorestic savings ($ rnillions)e 2,798,823 4,907,049 69578042 Agr. -ee per pgm. wkr ($) fr Ruai labDr force (%da toca laor force) Labor tore, ferraie (%of Iota labor fore) 39 40 41 Food price indrex (1995=100). Road narrnaized incdex' 114 Rnds paed0 39 43 Telexnm serairnes (pmr 1,0 preopie)y 78 100 146 Fados (per 1,000 people)* 305 398 418 Edelc Pmwer consption per capta (kWM) 1,590 1,928 2,093 EWdyreerrpsy(ers41,000Jpmie)o 102 104 xrber d porst Offices (njra)... Tao wedhes (per 1,00 people)' Fbtertidly arabie larnd ruraJ p5p4taion (ha) Freshraer wthdraAals for agr./ agr GDP (cm milion $) FreshAnater witxaws for a pm. (%o total) Anr def oresration 19390 95 (% dange) CroprardiV potenrtialy (ra-nnrprah) araide land (94. Irrigated land as %cropiand C tisated lar with coxerbvation teddoogies ('/ _ Rscae decentraization (siane cf lorai gnt egpefiture). W. of faws organizatin snro. oga rruney grMs.. Locai govt. pdr oentrai govt- qperdrg. Locrd tax reveue' loca govt. sperdirg 8 East Asia & Pacific 1980 1990 1998 Population (milions) 1397.8 1640.8 18171 GDP ($ m4itons) 503,584 925,765 1,693,340 GNP per capita, Allas method (Us $) 330 570 990 Rural population (%of total) 78 70 66 Life expectancy 66 67 69 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) F eWll4fhD Population below the poverty line (%/ rural) Morality rate, intant (per 1,000 live births) 55 40 35 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with aocess) . 82 Sanitation, rurai (% of rural population wrth access) .. 13 School enrollment, pmary(%gross)* 111 120 119 School enrollment, primary. mae (% gross)+ 116 125 12t School enrollmem, prirtmary, female (%gross) 103 117 121 Per capita cdetary energy supply (calodes). Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* .. 19 20 Youth illiteracy rate, (0- of female t5-24)* 15 8 5 Illiteracy rate. adult female (0-of female 15-)* 43 29 22 owmm Iwtn gsmt Eonoaw Agr. GDP (value added), annua growth (1980-98) 3.9 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker Agr. GDP! agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rura non-farm employment Employees, agr.. female (% of total labor force) Employees, services, female (% of total tabor force) Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) Cerea yield (klograms per hectare) Food production index (1 989-91 = 100) Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) Qtwlvnwrof Mtdbs1 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added Percent of agr. production sold in donestic market Access to finance system per rural household .. .. . Gross domestic savings ($ millions) 180.974 324,972 652.482 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($1 Rural labor force (%/o of total labor force) Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 43 44 44 Food prioce index (1995=100) Roads, nomialized ndex. Roads paved (0-P . 24 17 Telephone manlines (per 1,000 people)* 5 16 70 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 123 292 302 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* 250 465 771 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 50 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people) 9bAwdm mveom of M 0tb Now nst Basam Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr.! agr GDP (cm' million $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (- of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (%change) Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arabe land (0/-) Irrigated land as % cropland Culfivated land with Coenervaton technologies (0-) Fiscal decentralziation (share ot local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations no of community groups Local govt. spending! central povt. spending Local tax revenue! local govt. spending 9 Eurone & Central Asia 1980 1990 19f8 Population (millions) 425.8 466.3 474.7 GDP ($ millions) 1,244,474 1,003,000 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 2.510 2.200 Rural population (34 of total) 41 37 34 if e expectancy 68 69 69 Surface area (1,000 sq. url) Population below the povery line () rural) Mortaliy rate, infant (per 1,200 live births) 41 28 22 Safe water, rural (% of rural popuiation with access) Sanitation, rural (% of rura population with access) .. School enrollment, primary (%gross)' 99 99 100 School enrolment, primary, rnale () gross)* 100 100 1tO School enrolment, prriary. female (%gross)* 99 99 99 Per capita dietary energy supply (calonis)^ Maanutntion prevalence (% of children unrder 5)' Youth iliterary rate, (34 of female 15-24)' 4 3 2 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)' 8 6 5 Apr. GOP (vafue artded), annual growth (1980-99) Agr. GDP/agworker as°4of tota GDP,worker Agr. GDP agr. worker. annual growth )1980-98) Rural tnonfarm employment Employees, agr. femaie (1 of rotal sabor force) 26 Employees, senvices, female (% of total labor force) 43 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production index )1989-91 - 10O) ivestockproduction odex 1(989-91 100) Agr. exports as percent of agr. vaue adderd Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Grossdornestic satrgs($ illionsi 347,050 202,147 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) RurPl labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force, femae (% of tota labor force) 47 46 46 Food price inlex (t995-100) Roads, normalized rlesW' 127 Roads paved (341' 74 87 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 64 125 200 Radios (per 1,000 peopie)* 385 442 Electnc poemr consumption per capita (sWih' 3,183 3 853 2,692 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peope),' - 01 102 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' PotentialIy arable lart rual popation (ha) Freshwater wthdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cmnt mi lion $) Freshwater wrthdrawals for agr. (% of totau) Annual deforestation t990-95 (% change) Croplard' potentiahIy (non-marginal) arable land (%) Irrigated land as % crop(anct Cutivatetd lanrd Wth conservation technologies ( Fisca decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers orgarnizations' no. f oommunity groups Local povt. sPrending central gout spending Local tax revenuei local gour. spending 10 Latin America & Caribbean 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 360.3 438.9 501.7 GDP ($ millions) 787,863 1,149,080 2,028,359 GNP per capta, Alas method (US 2,110 2,250 3,860 Rural populason (% of total) 35 29 25 Life expectanry 65 68 70 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) ftR Wfbllu Populaton below the poverty line (% rural Mortality rate, infant (per 1.000 live Nirths( 61 41 31 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) Sanitation. rural l% of rura population with access) Scool enrolIment, prnary (e6 gross)* 105 105 113 School enrollment. primary, made (%grossp* 106 Scrhool enrollment, primary, female (%gross)* 103 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* talnutrition preva ence (% ot children under 5) -. Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-247* 11 8 6 Illiteracy rate, adult female (%of female 15+)* 23 17 13 IMwPMAwmt t RMttnww: Agr. GDP (value adced), annus growth (1980-98) 21 Agr. GDP, agr. worker as % of total GDP! worker Agr GDP/ agr worker, annuao groAth (1980-98) Rural non-farm erployment Employees, agr.. female (%of tota lasor force) .. 8 13 Errloyees, services, female 1% of total labor force) .. 74 74 Non-agr GDPi non-agr worker ($/people) Cereal yield (hilograrns per hectare) Food prodrLction midex (1989-91 = 1001. Livestock production index (1989-91 - 100) Agr. exports as percent of agr value added Peroent of agr. production sold a domestic naket Access to tinance system per rural household . Gross dorrestic savings ($ millions7' 193,175 260,472 400.414 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural lanor force (% of total labor force) Lalzor force, female (% of total labor force) 28 33 34 Food proe index (1995=103) iri of AtcSbMty wd cOnmtmltn : Roads, norralized indexo . 115 Ronds paved (%l' 22 26 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 41 64 123 Radios (per 1,000 peope)* 260 353 420 Electic power corsumption per capita (kWy' 854 1.131 1,402 Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)7 76 76 71 Numier of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 peoplel' WSWee Ibwugnt Of i to flfwl bo Wa Potentia ly aralle land rura population (ha) Freshw zer wAthdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of tota) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (%change) Cropland' potential y (non-marginal) arable land (%/() Irngated land as % croplanrd Cultivated and vith conservatbon technologies (%/() Policy art If Slh*tlamFe Fiscal decentrnization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organ zations no of community groups Local govt. spending central govt. speriding Local tax revenue'ocaJ govt spending 11 Middle East & North Africa 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 174.0 237.8 285.7 GDP ($ millions) 409,860 427838 583,374 GNP per capita Atlas method (US $) 2,040 1,720 2,030 Rural population (%of total) 52 46 43 Life expectancy 59 65 68 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate infant (per 1,000 live births) 95 60 45 Sate water, rural (% of rural population With access) 42 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary (% gross)* 87 97 95 School enrollment, primary, male (%gross)* 98 105 102 School enrollment. primary. female (%gross)* 73 90 88 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' - Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15 24)' 53 37 25 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15,)* 72 59 48 t11F0v.98n-bthe'l-Enw i -xs rr - S a f rz a '' ' -e' t - f rf rtf rf t t Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 4.2 Agr. GDP agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker .. Agr GDP! agr. worker. annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr., femarea % Df total aor force) 47 54 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 40 35 Non-agr. GDP non-agr. worker ($/people) . 35 CereaJ yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production index (1989391 = 100) Livestock producton index (1989-91 -100) rNtfcpmfl iofS Ib j 0 <$ sSte0-fwrf>9>tr<>0><95rj>S>S- jj-rjt steNsM Sj<<-Uj)S)DESt S jj)\j')000) CUggAiSS;000 WgjllyeS50SP000500j Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 115 101 92 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) - - Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) .. School enrollment, pr mary (% gross)' 81 76 78 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 88 83 S5 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* 67 68 71 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' .. Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 56 40 28 Illiteracy rate, adult femae (%of female 15+)' 72 60 49 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1 980-98) 2.3 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDPR worker Agr. GDP agr. worker, annua growth (1980 98) -0.6 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor foroe) 74 69 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 22 27 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production index (1989-91 =100) Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) Agr. exports as perrent of agr value added Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household - Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 75,339 53,384 50,207 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% ot total labor force) Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 42 42 42 Food price index (1995-100) Roads, normalized indexs . 118 Roads paved (%4)* 17 15 Telephone mainlines (per t 000 people)' 8 10 14 Radios (per 1,000 people)' t11 169 198 Electric power consumption per capita (kVAh)* 428 446 446 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 13 11 72 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' Swb> 0 I I0 it i ii$ t- I i- jI lt 0 I( tQ i; Iu fl I $< I Fiscal decentra zation (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organ zationsi no. of commun ty groups Local govt spendingl central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 66 Conao. Dem. ReD. 1980 1990 1998 Populat on (mi lions) 27 0 37 4 48 2 GDP($ m lions) 14,922 9.348 6,964 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 620 220 110 Rural population I% of total) 71 72 70 Life expectancy 49 52 51 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 2,345 2.345 2,345 Rural Wellbeing Populat on below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate. infant (per 1,000 live births) 112 96 90 Safe water, rural (It of rural population wth access) 23 Sanitation, rural (% of rural popilatron with access) . 4 School enrollment primary (° gross)* 92 70 72 School enrollment, primary. male (% gross)' 108 8t 86 School enrollment, primary. female (% gross)* 77 60 59 Per cap ta dietary energy supply Ica ories)' 2,070 2,100 1,950 Mainutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' . 34 Youth literacy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 62 42 28 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% ot female 15+)' 79 66 53 mptrovmnt in the RALw Economy Agr. GDP (value added), annua growth It 980-98) 2 7 Agr GDP/ agr worker as % of tota GDP worker 35 44 90 Agr GDP; agr. worker. annual growth (1 980-981 0 2 Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr., female (% ot tota labor torce) 84 81 Employees. services, female I% of total labor force) 12 14 Non-agr GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 3,273 1,277 365 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 799 800 789 Food production index t 989-9t = to o) 72 101 95 Livestock production index (989-91 = 100) 77 tOt 104 Dtevepmt of Markels Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 3 8 5.0 2 7 Percent ot agr production sold n domest c market Access to f nance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 1,511 874 548 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rital sabor force (% of totas labor force) 72 68 64 Labor force, female (% ot total labor torce) 45 44 43 Food price index (1995=1 0) Imoement dt Accesslflly end Communwton Roads. normalized ndexs Roads paved (If)' Telephone maniines (per t,000 peoplel' 1 1 0 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 193 207 375 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 147 122 120 Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 2 2 3 Number ot post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 peop e)' SustaInable Mangewret of tie Natural Resource Base Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 21 Freshwater wthdrawals for agr I agr GDP (cm/ mi lion $) 1 2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of tota) .. 23 Annual deforestat on 1990-95 (% change) Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) . . 11 Irrigated land as%ucropland 0.1 01 0.t Cultivated land with conservation techno ogies I%) Poficy and Institutional Framework Fiscal decentralization (share ot loca govt. expend ture) No of tarmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt spending Local tax tevenue; local govt. spending 67 Concgo ReD. 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 1.7 2.2 2.8 GDP ($ millions) 1,706 2,799 1,961 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 880 960 680 Rural population (% of total) 59 47 39 Life expectancy 50 49 48 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 342 342 342 Population below the poverty line I% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 olve births) 89 88 90 Safe water, rura I% of rura population with access) . Sanitation, rural (%/O of rural population with access) . . 4 School enrollment, primary (%gross)* 141 133 u14 School enrol ment, primary, male (% gross)* 148 141 120 School enrollment, primary, femae (%gross)* 135 124 109 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 2,220 2,190 2,140 Malnutrition prevalence (/ of children jnder 5)* Youth illiteracy rate (% of female 15-24)* 27 10 4 Illiieracy rate, adult female (% of female 15-)* 62 42 29 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 21 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDPi worker 20 26 27 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 1.1 Rural non farm employment Employees, agr, temale (% of total labor force) 81 69 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 17 27 Non agr. GDP, non-agr. worker ($/people) 5,107 5,134 2,636 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 845 756 687 Food production index (1989-9 - 1 00) 80 101 112 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 79 101 124 Devefoiip,nflotMa rk:wi t*ij i gX i j r : gg re 0- Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 5.8 4.1 6.8 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ m lions)* 608 666 517 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force1 58 49 42 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 42 43 43 Food price index (1995-100) 42 67 107 lmrvetft t A9e ftIity r wflgir OopwPwtlcetlon ttStiV z ,t Roads, normalized index' 125 Roads paved (%)' 10 10 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 5 7 8 Radios (per 1.000 people)* 60 112 124 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* 94 254 197 Daily newspapers (per t 000 people)* 2 8 8 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per t ,000 people)*'-. -- SusiitpIttSiaRbgnomnntE*1w*ftu jre jffj,l Reow Basejffifffi00ff-ig Potentially arable land/ rura population (ha) 8.8 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cml million $) 0.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) .. .. 11 Annual deforestation t 990-95 (% change) 0e2 Croplanri potent ally (non marginal) arable land (%) 2 Irrigated and as% cropland 0.6 0.5 0.5 Cultivated and with conservation technologies (-) SPolicy a d 8 i!af: lnstltultotw Ramowork jijuii,iiiiiiiii i )i t Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt spendingi central govt spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 68 Costa Rica 1980 1990 1998 Population (m llons) 2.3 3.0 3.5 GOP I$ millions) 4,831 5,713 10,479 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $i 2,030 1.820 2,770 Rural population (% of total) 57 54 53 Life expectancy 73 75 77 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 51 51 5t Rural WeIll-be; Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 19 t5 13 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) .. 99 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) . .. 95 School enrollment, primary (%gross)' 105 101 t04 School enrollment, pr mary, male (UO grossl) t 06 101 104 School enrollment. pr mary, temale (% gross) t 04 100 103 Per capita dietary energy supply (caloriesl) 2.630 2.780 2.820 Malnutrition prevalence (%k of children under 5)' 6 . 5 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 1 5-24)^ 3 2 2 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15-)' 9 6 5 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 3.4 Agr. GDPI agr worker as % of total GDP; worker 51 61 72 Agr. GOP; agr. worker. annual growth (1980-98) 2.5 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 6 6 6 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 74 69 76 Non-agr. GDP, non-agr. worker ($/people) 7.696 5,603 7,343 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 2,924 2,736 3,198 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 72 101 129 Livestock production index 1989-91 =100) 76 99 t18 Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 94.4 94.2 111.3 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domest c savings ($ mili Onsri 784 1.174 2,812 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (7k of tota labor force) 35 26 21 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 21 28 31 Food price noex s1995=100) 5 48 156 hIW nVM Olf Aoftasiblill9ty e i COMWntt n Roads. normalized index* . 247 Roads paved (%)' 15 21 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 69 101 172 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 201 279 271 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* 860 1,111 1,353 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 110 102 94 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)* . 14 15 fSa _iltow i,nr4 t of Omw Na6w Reosourct Ease Potentially arable land rural population (ha) .. . 0.3 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.l agr. GDP (cm/ million $) . 44.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 89 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 3.0 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) . 84 Irrigated land as %cropland 12.1 23.1 25,0 Cultivated land with conservabon technologies J1/o) Poliey arafIsffl FrnWWk Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations no. of community groups Local govt. spending! central govt spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 69 C6te d'lvoire 1980 1990 1998 Population (mil ons) 82 11t6 145 GDP($ millions) 10175 10,796 11,005 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $i 140 800 700 Rural populat on (% of total) 65 60 55 Life expectancy 49 50 46 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 322 322 322 Populat on below the poverty I ne (I rural) Mortalty rate, intart (per 1,000 live births, 108 95 88 Safe water, rural I,r, of rural population w th access) 10 . 81 Sanitation rural (% of rural popu ation with access) 20 51 ScOooi enrollment, primary (% gross)' 75 67 71 Scnool enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 90 79 82 School enrollment, primary, fema e (% gross)' 60 56 61 Per capita dietary energy supp y (calories)' 2.830 2,510 2.440 Ma nutrit on prevalence I% of children under 5)* 24 Youtn iliteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* 76 59 44 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15b)' 87 77 64 Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 1 8 Agr GDP, agr. worker as % of total GDPR worker 40 54 51 Agr GDP, agr. worker. annual growt (1980 98) 0.Q Rural non farm employment Employees agr1, emate (% of total labor force) 75 72 Employees, senvices, female (%. of tota laboi force) 20 22 Non-agr. GDP non-agr worker ($/people) 6,535 4.141 2.982 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 927 885 1139 Food production index (1989-91 =tOO) 70 rt1 127 Livestock production ndex (1989-91 =100i 76 101 126 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 77 4 46 0 73.6 Percent of agr. productron sold n domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ m llions)' 2,071 1.216 2.701 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural abor force (% of total labor force) 65 60 51 Labor force, female (°.h of total labor torce( 32 32 33 Food price ndex (1995=100) Impovmeti ofu Aceatitt in Camtmct on Xifi tt|; 00tttQft;0 Roads, normalized ndex' 84 Roads paved (%(' 9 10 Telephone mainlines (pert ,000 people)' 5 6 12 Radios (per 1,000 peope)' 122 145 164 Electric power consumpt on per capita (kWh)' 192 158 181 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people' 1t0 8 17 Number of post oftices (rura Two wneelers (per ,000 people)' 5NSut lalneh e Ue ltme8 f tglhe Ntural Resourcetiase i0 ;)i ; Potentially arable landc rural population (ha) 1.4 Freshwater withdrawals tor agr.i agr. GDP (cm, million $) 4.3 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 607 Annual detorestation 1990 95 1 change) 0.6 Crop and/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (°..) 63 Irrigatedland as 7 cropland 1.0 11 1.0 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (°c Pc4gftc,ad Iftsluttwfoiut Jrlmewo* 0 ; ;t 0 0t j0 00 ;i3)t0 t; 30 Fiscal decentralization (share of socat govt. expenditurei No of farmers organizations, no of community groups Local govt. spendingi central govt spending Loca tax revenue oca govt. spend ng 70 Croatia 1980 1990 1998 Populat on (millions) 46 4.8 4 5 GDP ($ millions) 13.370 21,752 GNP per capita. Atlas method lUS 5. 4.620 Rural population (% of total) 50 46 43 life expectancy 70 72 73 Surface area (1,000 sq kni) . 57 57 Ruraf Wel-11beinto Population below the poverty line 1% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live birns) 21 11 8 Safe water, rural (% of rural population w th access) . 41 Sanitation, rural (% of rura population with access) 28 26 Schoo enrollment, primary (% gross)' 105 85 87 Schoo enrollment, primary male (%gross), 105 85 88 School enrollment, primary. female (% grosslf 104 84 87 Per capita dietary energy supply Ica ories) . 2,270 Malnutrition prevalence I% of children under 5)' I Youth ifliteracy rate, I% of female 15-24)* 1 0 0 lllileracy rate. adult female (% of female 15+7) 9 5 3 Improvement In tff Rural uEonwmY Agr GDP (va ue added). annua growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker .. 93 73 Agr GDP' agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr, female 1% of fotal labor force) .. 3 3 Employees. services, temale I% of total labor force) 61 63 Non agr. GDP! non-agr. worker ($/peop e) 4.901 r0,562 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3,975 4,673 Food production index (1989-91 = 1001 66 60 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 59 37 DevtlopentOf Makets Agr. exports as percent of agr. va ue added 39.7 28 5 Percent of agr. production sod in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millionsi' . 267 3,079 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force I% of total labor force) .. 14 10 Labor force, female (0+ of total labor force) 40 43 44 Food price index (1995=t00) .. 0 115 ImprveMenrt of Accessifhty and ComunuIcation Roads, normalized index* Roads paved (0+)' Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 83 172 348 Radios (per 1 000 people)' 240 228 336 Electric power oonsumption per capita (kWh)' 2,765 2,429 Daily newspapers (per r .000 people)' 49 115 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Sustlallrt. Abragemft Of mh Muatraf fResource Base Potentially arable landc rural populalien (ha) 1.5 Freshwater withdrawals for agr / agr. GDP (cm.' million $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. I% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.0 Cropland, potent ally (non-marginal) arable land (0+) . .. 46 Irrigated land as 0+ cropland .. 0.2 0.2 Cultivated land w th ccnservat on technologies (%) PE%i ends Intlttiorkx Framfor- Fiscal decentralization (share of local govet expenditure) No. of farmers organ)zationsi no of communily groups Local govt. spending/ central govt spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 71 Cuba 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 9.7 10.6 11.1 GDP ($ millions) GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) Rural population (% of total) 32 26 25 Lite expectancy 74 75 76 Surtace area (1,000 sq. km) 111 111 1lt Rur Fal w t fl i i-g ikgi -ti Xiii:tbdini ;000i$l 0i0i it ;;0 ; ; Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per t,000 live births) 20 1t 7 Sate water, rura (% of rural population with access) 85 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) 51 School enrolrme, primary (% gross) 106 98 106 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 109 99 108 School enrollment, primary, temate (% gross)* t03 96 104 Per capita dietary energy supply (Ca ories)' 2,930 3,080 22350 Malnutrition prevalence 1% of children under 5) . - . Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* 2 1 0 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15,)' 8 5 4 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980 98) Agr. GDPi agr. worker as % of total GDP worker Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (t 980-981 Rura non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 10 8 Empioyees, services, lemale (% of total labor force) 68 71 Non-agr. GDPR non-agr. worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 2,547 2.342 1,972 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 86 103 61 Livestock production index (I 989-91 = 100) 95 106 63 Agr exports as percent of agr. value added Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions. . Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 24 18 15 Labor force. female (% of total labor force) 31 36 39 Food price index (1995=1 00) hoprOwniWJ-it of;;Sifii00; A-So;0aib#Ilif;anci Cwtmmcato Roadsn norma ized index' Roads paved (%)+ 51 49 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)* 24 31 35 Radios (per 1,000 people) 300 341 353 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* 823 1,125 1.044 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 5 78 118 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* 19 16 Sualal BiubIM t*gmst o ht4et!wM i;.s itrce Base 00i0itX r t0ii ; 0 j ; l;$ Potentially arable land rura population (ha) .. . 1.7 Freshwater wthdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ mill on $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) 89 AnnuaL deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 1.2 Cropland potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) . .. 102 Irrigated and as % cropland 229 22,5 20.4 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (°O Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt expendrture) No of farmers organizations/no. o0 community groups Local govt. spending' central govt. spending Local tax revenue' local govt. spending 72 cvDrus 1980 1990 1998 Population Imilions) 0.6 0.7 0.8 GDP ($ m Illons) 2.154 5,592 8,994 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US S) 3,590 8,110 1 1,920 Rural population 1% of total) 54 49 44 Lfeexpectancy 75 77 78 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 9 9 9 FRural W004)efg Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortally rate, infant (per 1,000 yve births) 18 11 8 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 100 99 99 San tation, rural (% of rura population with access) 100 100 100 Schoo enrollment, primary (% gross)* 104 105 too School enrollment, primary. male (% gross)* 105 105 100 School enrollment, primary, female (°h gross)* 103 105 100 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 2,930 3,470 3.670 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under Sf' . Youth lliteracy rate. (% of female 15-24)' 1 0 0 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)' 15 9 5 Improve.rnto the Rutaf Ecoomy Agr GDP (value added) annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDPi agr. worker as % of total GDP! worker 37 St 45 Agr. GDP/ agr worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr., female (% of total labor force) 27 16 10 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 43 59 71 Non-agr GDP,non-agr. worker ($ipeople) 9.142 18,603 22,623 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,939 1.886 1,432 Food production ndex (1989-91 = 100) 83 103 108 Livestock production index l1989-91 = 100) 56 101 139 Devretmpnert of mf.ets Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 101.8 78.2 111.2 Percent of agr production sold n domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ m llions)* 431 1,199 1.650 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total abor force) 26 14 9 Labor force. female (% of total abor force) 34 38 39 Food price index 11995=100) . 78 113 mepven of Acoessatfblit aid Comf mtcef.fo Roads, nommalized index' Roads paved (%)'h 60 59 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 106 428 585 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 258 357 459 Electr c power consumption per capita (kWh)* 1,494 2,630 3,190 Dally newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 128 115 114 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)* 75 61 Sustariable Mwnagettieni of the Nf.ra8 Resource Base Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 0.2 Freshwater wthdrawals for agr / agr. GDP (cm. million $) t .7 Freshwater withdrawals for agr I% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland" potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) . . 205 Irrigated land as%cropland 17.9 22.9 276 Cult vated land with conservation techno ogies (1/6) Pofcfy and tfisaftutfonal Ftramearw k Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt spending Local tax revenue/ ocal govt spending 73 Czech ReDublic 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 10.2 10.4 10.3 GDP ($ millions) 29,123 34.880 56,379 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) . 3,600 5.150 Rural population (% of total) 25 25 25 Life expectancy 70 72 75 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) , 79 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 16 11 5 Sate water, rural (% of rural population with access) Sanitat on, rural (% ot rural population with access) School enro Iment, pr mary (% gross)' 96 96 104 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 95 96 105 School enrollment. pr mary, temale (% gross)* 96 97 103 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 3,360 3,520 3,100 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' . I Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)' Itnp~owa1ItrIn tit5? .;;E80tli ; Agr. GDP (value added) annual growth (1 980-98) Agr GDP, agr. worker as % of total GDP! worker 48 Agr. GDP agr. worker, annual growth (1980 98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr, temale (% of totas labor force) 1t 10 4 Employees, services, female (% of tota labor force) 50 54 66 Non-agr. GDP non-agr worker ($/people) . .. 10.379 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) .. 4.091 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) . 82 Livestock production index (1 989-91 = 1 00) 79 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 572 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 9,692 16,074 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 9 Labor force, female (% of total abor force) 47 47 47 Food price index (1995-100) . 43 118 Roads, normalized ndexs' Roads paved (%)' . t00 t00 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 115 158 364 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 768 803 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 3,701 4 649 4,817 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 772 254 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' . 113 107 Potentially arable land, rura population (ha) . . 1.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ mill on$i .. 0.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . 2 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.0 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) . 94 Irrigated and as % cropland 0 7 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Fiscal decentralization (share ot local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ loca govt spend ng 74 Denmark 1980 1990 1998 Populaton (millions) 51 5.1 5.3 GDP ($ mitions) 67,791 133,361 174,870 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $1 14,420 23,480 33.040 Rural population (% of total) 16 15 15 Life expectancy 74 75 76 Surface area 11,000 sq. km) 43 43 43 Rural WeiI-tsit1g Population below the poverty I ne I% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1.000 live births) 8 8 5 Safe water, rural (% ot rural population wth access) Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) .. 100 100 School enrollment, primary (%gross)* 96 98 102 School enrollment, pr.mary, male (% gross)' 96 98 102 Schoo enrollment, primary, female (% gross) 95 98 101 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 3,440 3.650 3,720 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* .. .. Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 1 5-24) Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)* .. . tmpIrNWWB In itt. Rut Economy.; Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 22 Agr GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker 67 66 75 Agr GDR, agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 4.5 Rura non-farm employment Employees, agr.. female (% of total labor force) 4 3 2 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 80 81 83 Non-agr GDUR non-agr. worker ($/people) 25,566 46,782 62,678 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3,892 6,118 6,134 Food productior index (1989-91 = tO0) 83 102 103 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 96 100 113 vioevent toM ttei. Agr exports as percent of agr. va ue added 156 0 169.3 157.3 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millons)' t3,398 33,647 40,795 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rura labor force I% of total labor iorce) 7 6 4 Labor torce, female (%5 of total labor force) 44 46 46 Food price Index 11995=100) 56 93 107 inwmvanento oAcf asatWinXd an . Roads, normalized index* ., ,, 96 Roads paved (%)* 100 100 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 434 567 660 Radios per 1,000 people) 927 1,022 1,141 Electr c power consumpton per capita (kWh)* 4,222 5,650 6.027 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 366 352 309 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 peopel* 9 10 su nabte Matugeeun of" Maitni Rnctmn9as Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 3.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 0.3 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) .. .. 43 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0 0 Cropland' potential y (non-marginal) arable land (%) .. 100 Irrigated land as /5 cropland 14.7 16 7 20.1 Cultivated land with conservation technoiogies (%) FoRy and ihtAbuI Fmnwork Fiscal decentral zation (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations no. of community groups Local govt spending/ oentra govt. spending Local tax revenue/ iocal govt. spending 75 Diibouti 1980t 1990t 1998 Population (ml lions) 0.3 0.5 0.6 GDP ($ millions) , 425 500 GNP per capnta. Atlas method US $) Rural population (% of total) 26 20 17 Life expectancy 44 48 50 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 23 23 23 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate infant (pert1.000 1ve irths) 136 118 106 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 20 14 Sanitation, rural (% ox rural population w t access) 20 50 School enroilment. primary (% gross)* 37 36 39 School enrollment, primary, male (% grossn* 46 45 45 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* 32 32 33 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 1,900 1,650 1,810 Malnutrition preva ence (% of children under 5)* 23 Youth illteracy rate, (% of female 1 5-24)' 54 36 23 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)- 74 60 49 Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (t 980-98) Agr. GDPI agr. worker as %/ of total GDPJ worker Agr. GDP agr. worker, annual growth (1980 98) Rura non-farm employment Employees, agt., female (% of total labot torce) Employees, services, fema e (% of total labor force) Non-agr. GDP! non agr. worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per fnectare) 2,500 1,667 1,625 Food production index (1989-91 100) 54 108 86 Livestock production index (1989 9t = 100) 52 109 84 Agr. exports as percent of agr. vale added . 70.8 30.0 Percent of agr. production sold in domestc market . .. Access to finance system per rural household' Gross domestic savings ($ millions) , 47 3, Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) . .. Rural labor torce (% ot total laotr force1 Labor torce. fema e (% of total labor force) Food price index (1995-1 00) lm roQe0en flU AccesIbihl an C r rr:mjn. caU - Roads, normalized index Roads paved (%)' - 13 13 Telephone ma n nes (per 1,000 people)' 9 11 13 Radios (per 1,000 people) 75 79 84 Electr c power consumption per capita (kWh) .7 . 8. Daily newspapers (per 1 .000 people)' Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' S Wif Mati,ent of t Nu ;escun 0 Potentially arable landi rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals lor agr./ agr GDP (cm/ million $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. % of total) Annua detorestation t 990 95 (% change) Cropland, potentialy (non marginal) arable land (%l Irrigated land as ° cropland Cultivated land with conservation techrno ogles (%.. Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organ zations/ no. of community groups Local govt. spending, central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 76 Dominica 1980 1990 1998 Population (m lions) 0.1 0.1 0.1 GDP ($ millions) 59 E66 250 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 800 2,260 3,150 Rural population (% of total) 37 32 30 Life expectancy 71 73 76 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 1 1 1 RwS We-bag Population below the poverty line (% rura) Mortality rate infant (per 1.000 live b rths) 13 18 15 Safe water, rura (% of rura population with access) Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary (% gross)* School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' School enrollment, primary, female I% gross)* Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 2,260 3,000 2.990 Malnutr tion prevalence (% of children under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+). Impoovent In the frSt Economy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1 980-98) 1.0 Agr GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker Agr. GDR' agr worker, annual growth 1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr, female (% of total labor force) 13 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 71 Non-agr GDP! non-agr. worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,438 1,364 1,308 Food production index 11989-91 = 100) 52 100 90 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 57 100 105 Deve4pment of Mattats Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 71 2 104 7 53.6 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings I$ millions)' -12 25 51 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force, female (% of total labor force) Food price Index (1995=1 001 hn11 vamet oaf Aceaslsity and Com t Roads, normalized indexn Roads paved (/n)' . 46 50 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)' 16 164 252 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 419 592 613 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' Sustutnable Manament of th. aitral fiesower Base Potentially arable land/ rural populat on (ha) 2 2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.l agr. GDP (cmi million $) 0.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of totalu Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) 32 Irrigated land as an cropland Cultivated land w th conservation technologies (%) Policy and Instliltltnal Framework Fiscal decentralizalion (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Loca govt. spending! central govt. spending Local tax revenue' local govt spending 77 Dominican ReDublic 1980 1990 1998 Population (milois) 5.7 7.1 8.3 GDP ($ mill ions) 6,631 7.074 15,853 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 1,170 870 1,770 Rural population (% of total) 50 42 36 Life expectancy 64 69 71 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 49 49 49 Population below the poverty line (% rural) 30 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 76 51 40 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 67 Sanitation, rura (% of rural population with access) . . 63 School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 118 97 94 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 120 96 94 School enrol ment, primary, female (% gross)' t23 97 94 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2,270 2,250 2,320 Malnutr tion prevalence l% of children under 5)' 10 6 Youthi literacy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 17 12 9 Illiteracy rate, adult female I% of female 15+)' 27 21 17 Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 1.2 Agr. GDP agr. worker as % of tota GDP/ worker 62 54 64 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 1.5 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% ot total labor force) 11 9 Employees, services, female (%of total labor force) 73 68 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 3,732 2,846 4,815 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3,005 3,996 3,581 Food production ndex 11989-91 = 100) 85 98 104 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 70 99 122 Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 369 38.1 24.2 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 1 018 1.081 2.682 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) $. . Rural abor force (% of tota labor force) 32 25 18 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 25 27 30 Food price index (1995=100) 6 53 112 Roads, normalized index' 124 Roads paved (%)' 45 49 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)' 19 48 93 Radios (per 1,000 people)> 158 169 178 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 433 437 620 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people) 39 32 52 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 12 Potentially arable land,' rural population (ha) . . 0.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.i agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 46.6 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 49 Annual deforestation t 990-95 (% change) 1 6 Gropland' potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) 254 Irrgated land as%cropland 11.6 15.0 173 Cultivated land with conservation technologies I%) potkitant%JnatftL& MWenewmk Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations' no. of community groups Local govt. spend ng, centra govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 78 Ecuador 1980 1990 1998 Population (m Ilions) 8.0 10.3 12.2 GDP l$ millions) 11.733 10.686 18,360 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 1.370 980 1,520 Rural popu ation (% of total) 53 45 37 Life expectancy 63 68 70 Surtace area (1.000 sq km) 284 284 284 Rt.a WON-Wtln Population below the poventy life 1% rural) . . 47 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 74 45 32 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 37 55 San tation, rural (% of rurar population with acoess) . 34 School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 118 117 127 School enrollment, primary, mate (% gross)' 119 124 134 School enrollmenl, primary, female (% gross)' 116 122 119 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2,270 2,390 2,470 Malnutr tion preva ence (% of children under 5)' Youth ill teracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 9 5 4 Itliteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)' 22 15 11 nwrmemet In fte Rurat Loonomy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth 11980-98) 41 Agr. GDP! agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker 30 40 48 Agr. GDP/ agr worker, annual growth (I 980-98) 2 8 Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr., female (% of total labor force) 22 1 2 Employees, services, fema e 1% of total labor force) 63 78 83 Non-agr. GDP; non-agr. worker ($/people) 6,730 3,838 4,712 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,640 1,724 1,684 Food producton index (1989-91 = 100) 79 100 134 Livestock production Index (1 989-91 = 100) 72 100 150 Deveopnent of Markets Agr. exports as percent of agr. va ue added 312 55.1 81.3 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to f nance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 3,036 2,444 3,541 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rura labor force (% of tota labor force) 40 33 27 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 20 25 27 Food price index (1995=1 00) 0 20 234 tpovemes of 0 AcceslbIlty and Crndt Roads, normalized ndex' 123 Roads paved (%)* 13 17 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 29 48 78 Racios (per 1,000 people)' 305 325 419 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 361 467 611 Da y newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 70 80 70 Nurber of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* 2 2 Sur,staitn e Mtaneteet foff the Natural Resou es Potentially arable land/ rural popu at on (ha) 0 6 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. agr GDP (cm/ m lion $) 75 9 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 90 Annual deforestation 1990-95 1% change) 1 6 Cropland/ potentially Inon-marginal) arable land (ol - 113 Irrigated and as % crop and 20 3 9 9 8 3 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Pciicy and trtstiutonat FRamiet Fiscal decentratizabon (share of ocal govt expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt. spendingi central govt spending LoGa tax revenue/ local govt. spending 79 Earli Arab Rep. 1980 1990 1998 Population (m lions) 40.9 52.4 61.4 GDP S millions) 22,912 43,130 82,710 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US 5) 520 810 1,290 Rural population (% of total) 56 56 55 Life expectancy 56 63 67 Surface area (1 000 sq. km) 1,001 1,001 1,001 Population below the poverty ine (% rural) . 23 Mortal ty rate, irfant (per 1,000 live birnhs) 120 69 49 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 61 50 Sanitation. rural (% of rural popu ation with access) . 5 School enrollment. primary )% gross)' 73 94 101 School enrollment, primary male (% gross)' 84 tO1 108 Schoo enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 61 86 94 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2,920 3,150 3.280 Malnulr tion prevalence (% of chi dren under 5)' . t0 12 Youth ill teracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 61 49 40 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)' 75 66 58 Agr. GDP (va ue added), annual growth ( t980-98) 2.8 Agr. GDP! agr worker as % of total GDPi worker 30 46 47 Agr. GDP! agr worker, annual growth (1 980 98) 3.0 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., 'emale ('/. of total labor force) t0 52 43 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 76 38 48 Non-agr. GDPi non-agr. worker ($,people) 2.880 2,997 4,289 Cereal yed (kilograms per hectare) 4,094 5,703 6,618 Food production index( 989-91 = 100) 68 102 t41 Livestock production index (1989-91 1 t00) 66 99 t57 Oeroelopmem itl of ets Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 13 9 5 4 3 5 Percent of agr. product on sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 3,474 6,964 13,055 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 57 40 35 Labor force, fema e (% of total labor force) 27 27 30 Foodpriceindex(t995=100) 11 61 116 Imprveaen o btAccsIbltynd Gonitt11t icStlon t0ij t4 tl 0 |0 000i$f ;S;$;0 0ttl Roads normalized index' . 176 Roads paved (%)' 72 78 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 peopie)' 10 30 60 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 137 319 324 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 380 697 803 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 42 46 40 Number of post olfices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* . 6 7 Sutaalbtefianeglemet f* the t I4aurl easorcet 9 -s;sa 0 lii, a WC ff;i ;SSi0 ;A Potentially arable and/ rural population (ha) 0.0 Freshwater w thdrawa s for agr.l agr. GDP (cm/ mi ion $) 57.4 Freshwater withdrawa s for agr. (% of rota) 86 Annual deforestat on 1990-95 (% change) 0.0 Crop and potentially (ion marginal) arable land (%) . 20,488 Irrigated land as /, cropland 100.0 100 0 100.0 Cultivated land with conservation techno ogies (%) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations, no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ centra govt spending Local tax revenue oca govt. spending 80 El Salvador 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 4.6 51 6.1 GDP I$ millions) 3,574 4.807 11 870 GNP per capita, Atlas method IUS $) 760 930 1.850 Rural population (% of total) 58 56 54 Life expectancy 57 66 69 Surface area (1.000 sq. km) 21 21 21 Rural WelfwA.na Population below the poverty line (% rural) .. 56 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 84 46 31 Safe water. rural (% of rural population with access) . .. 37 Sanitation, rural 1% of rural population with access) . . 59 Schoot enroilment, primary )% gross)' 75 81 97 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 75 81 97 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 75 82 96 Per Scpia dietary energy supply (calor en)* 2.320 2.490 2.570 Malnutrition prevalenoe rg of ch1itdren usnoer 52' .. tS 1t Yours illiteracy rate, f% ot female 1 5-24ne 24 17 13 Illiteracy rate, adItt femte (%of female 15-4)* 39 31 25 liter te tfee (Furi feoma3 1 - Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 04 Agr. GDPi agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker 87 47 40 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker. annual growth (1980-98) -0.2 Rural non-farm employment . .. Employees, agr. female (% of total labor force) 10 3 7 Employees, services, female (% o1 total labor force) 69 75 72 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($!people) 2,464 3,216 5,927 Cereal yield (Ikiograms per hectare) 1,706 1.939 1,973 Food production ndex (1989-91 = 100) 92 102 119 Livestock production index (1969-91 = 100) 92 101 130 Developmet# of Mkets Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 44.7 40.7 48.3 Percent of agr product on sold in domestic market .. .. Access to finance system per rural household .. . Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 507 57 469 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) ,, Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 44 36 30 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 27 32 36 Foodpricecndex(1995=100) 7 48 119 lmpnm9mtA eof U,kliand C_on Roads. normalized index' .. 54 Roads paved (/)' . 14 20 Telephone mamlines (per 1,000 people)' 15 24 80 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 343 411 464 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 274 358 537 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 63 53 48 Number of post offices (rural) . .. Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 0 5 9S8dtbhne, M atren1 of the N ura* *fboume Sam Potentially arabie landi tural population (ha) 0.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.i agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 2.8 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) 89 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 3.3 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arab e land (%) . . 187 Irrigateo land as % crop and 13 8 14.8 14.7 Cultivated land with conservation technologies ( Po8sny and Insttifunel F tkrl..w: Fiscai decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt spending 81 Equatorial Guinea 11980 1990 1998 Population (mil ons) 0.2 0.4 0.4 GDP ($ millions) 132 456 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $t 350 1,110 Rural population (% of total) 73 64 54 Life expectancy 43 47 50 Surfaceareal1.000 sq. km) 28 28 28 Popilation below the povertly ine (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live birhs) 142 121 106 Safe water, rural i% of rural population with accessj . 100 Sanitation, rural (Y of rural popu alion with access) . 48 School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 160 158 150 School enTollment, primary, male ()h gross)' 163 153 School enrollment. primary, female I% groSs)' 153 147 Per capita dietary energy supply (calor es)' Malnutr tion prevalence It of children under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, % of fema e 15-24)' 24 1 1 6 Illiteracy rate, adult temale (% of female 15-') 56 39 29 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 3.4 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as ° of total GDP, worker . 79 30 Agr. GDP agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 1.8 Rural non farm employment . .. Employees. agr., emale (% of total labor Iorce 91 91 Employees. senices, female (% of total labor torce) 6 8 Non-agr. GDPi non-agr. worker ($ipeople) . 1,430 7,015 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 88 tO1 97 Livestock production index (1989-91 100) 79 100 tO6 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 10.3 3 9 Percent of agr. production sold n domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domest c savings I$ m 11 ons)- -27 60 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force I% of total labor force) 78 75 72 Labor force temale )% of total vabor force) 35 36 35 Food price index (1995=100) Roads, normalized indexe Roads paved (%v)' Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 peopiel 2 4 13 Radios (pert ,000 people)' 40t 418 429 Electr c power consumption per cap ta (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 9 6 5 Number ot post otfices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Potentially arable and, rural population (ha) 2,1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.X agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 01 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. % ot total) 6 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Croplandi potentially (non-margina) arab e land (%) 47 Irr gated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizationsM no of commun ty groups Loca govt. spend ng, central govt. spending Local tax revenuei local govt. spending 82 Eritrea 1980 1990 1998 Population (milions) 2.4 3.1 3 9 GDP ($ mill ons) 437 650 GNP per capita, Arlas method (US $) 200 Rural population (% of total) 87 64 82 Lfe expectancy 44 49 51 Surface area Rt,000 sq km) . 118 Rural WMI11tifng Population below the poverty line (% rura ) Mortality rate, intant (per 1,0001 ve b rths) 91 81 61 Sale water, rural I% of rural population with accessx Sanitation rural (% of rural population wth access) . . 0 School enrollment, primary (% grossxl 46 53 School enrol ment, primary, male (ft gross)' - 52 59 School enrol ment, primary, fema e (%t grossx 41 48 Per cap ta dietary energy supply (calories)* Malnutrition preva ence (% of children under 5)' .. . 44 Youth illiteracy rate. (% of female 1 5-24)* 69 54 41 Illiteracy rate. adult female (% of female t5+)' 82 72 62 Improvenent In the Rural Econy Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1 980-98) Agr GDP/ agr worker as °. of total GDR, worker . . 11 Agr GDP! agr worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr , female I% of total labor force) 88 85 Emp oyees, services, female (% of total labor force) 1 t 13 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker l$'people) 1.627 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 957 Food production index (t 989-91 = 100) 142 Livestockproduction index (1989-91 = 100) 101 Developrment of Markets Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 4.3 Percent of agr production sold in domest c market Access to finance system per rural househo d Gross domestic savings (S mili ons)' . -137 -188 Agr wage per agr worker l$) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) . 78 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 47 48 47 Food prce index (1995=100) ltmprovwmtt of Ahceatt and Communlealton Roads normalized ndexs Roads paved (%)' . 19 22 Telephone mainI nes (per 1 000 people)' 4 7 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 91 Electric power consumption per capita (kWhF Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peoplef' Number of post otfices (rural) Two whee ers (per 1,000 people)' Sustainable Marwgement of the Natural Rewure a3ase Potential y arable land/ rural populaton (ha) 0.0 Freshwater withdlrawals for agr / agr GDP (cm, milion $ Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) Annual deforestat on 1990-95 (% change) 0 0 Crop and/ potentially (non-marg na I arable land 1°) 801 Irrigated land as % crop and 71 Cultvated land with oonservation techno ogies )f.. otlicy end lnetitional FrameWork Fisca decentralization (share of ocal govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizat ons/ no of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt spencding 83 Estonia 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 1.5 1.6 1.4 GDP ($ millions) . 6.760 5,202 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) . 3,090 3.360 Rural population (% of total) 30 29 31 Life expectancy 69 69 70 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) .. 45 45 Population below the poverty line (% rural) .. 15 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 ve births) 17 12 9 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary I% gross)* 103 1il 94 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 104 112 95 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 102 109 93 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' . 2,760 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15b). Agr. GDP (value added) annual growth (98098) -5.7 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDPi worker 89 47 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980 98) Rural non farm employment Employees, agr', female (% of tota labor force) 12 14 8 Employees, serices, female (% of total abor force) 52 54 65 Non agr. GDP non agr. worker ($/people) . 5,072 7,017 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,304 1,617 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) . 74 45 Livestock production index (1989-91 - 100) . 68 41 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added . 11.0 210,0 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings I$ millions)* 1,510 1,024 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) . 14 12 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 51 49 49 Food price index (1995=100) . 1 131 Roads, normalized index' . .. 111 Roads paved (%)' . 52 22 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 135 204 343 Radios (per 1,000 people) . 433 693 Electrlc power consumption per capita lkWh)* 3,433 4,332 3,466 Daiy newspapers (per 1,000 people)' . 199 174 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* . . 66 4 tJliaiittlkiiiiRiBtittiiiit iiiiiSii iii jS0t- j07 ittstiti.ii iiiVrAi0.i ii Ui Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 5,2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.! agr GDP (cm' million $) , 0,2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . 3 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 1.0 Cropland/ potent ally (non-marginal) arable land (%) . 57 Irrigated land as % cropland .. 03 0.3 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (°/ ) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Loca govt. spend ng' central govt. spending Local tax revenue! local govt. spending 84 Ethionia 1980 1990 1998 Populat on (millions) 37.7 51 2 61.3 GDP ($ mjillons) 5179 6,842 6,544 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) . 160 100 Rural population (% of total) 90 87 83 Life expectancy 42 45 43 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) .. .. 1.104 Rur$ Wtil-beng Population below the poverty line (% rurall Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 155 124 107 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with accessl .. 20 Sanitation. rural (% of rural population with aocess) School enrollment. primary (% grossl) 37 33 43 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)+ 48 39 55 School enrollment. primary, female (I% gross)* 27 26 31 Per capita dietary energy supply calOries) Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)t ,, 48 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 1 5-24)( 78 64 50 Illiteracy rate, adult female (05 of female 15+)± 89 80 70 1rjneo_ in 1fneBa RtSttEo no Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980.98) Agr. GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker .. .. 55 Agr. GDPI agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr., temale (% of total labor force) 89 86 88 Employees. services, female (% of total labor force) 10 12 11 Non-agr. GDP! non-agr. worker ($/people) . . 805 Cereal yield kIlograms per hectare) .. ., 1,140 Foos production index (1989 91 = 100) .. 121 Livestock production index (1 989-91 1 t 00) 1t 4 i feknw Ofif M(arhts Agr. expons as percent of agr value added . 16 1 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 376 493 4t5 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force I% of total labor force) . .. 83 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 42 41 41 Food price index (1995=100) 34 51 93 hllmp mnrt of Aestflty and Comnmneatta Roads, normalized index .. . 42 Roads paved (%l' . 15 15 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 2 3 3 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 82 196 195 Electric power consumption per cap ta (kWh)' 16 21 21 Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 1 2 1 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)* 0 0 0 Potenttally arabie land/ rural population (ha) . 0.4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cw/ million $) . 28.9 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) 86 Annual deforestation 1990-95 I% change) 0.5 Croplandr potentially (non-marginal) arable lane (1r . .. 56 Irrigated land as % cropland . .. 1.8 Cultivated land with conservation technologies 1/) Pooynd bSenal Pwr Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizalionsl no. of community groups Local govt. spendingi central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 85 Faeroe Islands .. :: ;M y .... M N :r 1980 1990 1998 Popu ation (mill ons) 0.0 GDP ($ millions) GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) Rural popLiation (% of total) Life expectancy Surface area (1,000 sq. km) Population below the poverty line 1% rural) Mortality rate. infant (per 1.000 live births) Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) San tation, rural (% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary (% gross)* School enrollment, primary, male (%gross)' School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' Per capita dietary energy supply (calories) Malnutr tion preva ence (% ot children under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24) Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15,)' Agr GDP (value added), annual growth 11980-98) Agr GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker Agr GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non farm employment Employees, agr.. female (YO of total labor force) Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) Non-agr. GDP non agr worker ($ipeople) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production index (1989-91 a 100) 97 tO2 106 Livestock production index (t989 91 = fO0) 95 too 103 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)*. Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force, female (% of total labor force) Food price index (1995-1 00) Roads, normalized index' Roads paved (%)' Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)' 3t8 481 544 Radios (per t,000 people)' 416 506 594 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh), Daily newspapers (per t,000 people)' Number of post offices irural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* SEofin b f* !l;if!eai 0waemn of tht;;f00i iowe Its01Jrc ea:se Potentially arab e and/ rura population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agrJ agr. GDP (cm. million $1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of tota) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland potentially (non margina ) arable land (%i Irrigated lane as % copland Cultivated land with conservation technrolog es (%) Fiscal decentralization (snare of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations, no. of community groups LocaJ govt. spending/ central govt. spending Loca tax revenue, oca govt spend ng 86 F"ij 1980 1990 1998 Population (milions) 0 6 0.7 0.8 GDP ($ millions) 1 204 1,381 1.577 GNP per cap ta. Atlas method (US $) 1.870 1 870 2.210 Rural population (% of total) 62 58 52 L fe expectancy 68 71 73 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 18 18 18 Rutra* WUt-befg Population below the poverty line 1% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per t ,000 live births) 33 25 19 Safe water, rural (%k of rural population w th access) .. .. 100 Sanitation, rural I% of rural population with access) .. .. 85 School enrollment, primary (% gross)y 119 125 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* 120 126 School enrollment, primary, female I% gross)' 119 126 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2.500 2,760 3,010 Malnutrition prevalence I% of children under 5)' . 8 Youth illieracy rate. 1% of female 15-24)* 6 2 1 Illiteracy rate, adult female I% of female 1i5,' 22 15 10 4mtpwOvWett in the Run Sctio Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 1.3 Agr GDP, agr. worker as 4, of totsa GDP: worker 43 37 40 Agr GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 0.0 Rural non farm employment Emp oyees, agr, female I% of total labor force) Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) Non-agr. GDP' non-agr worker $Speople) 8.971 8375 7,158 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,926 2,181 2,080 Food production Index (1989-91 a 100) 82 105 107 Livestock producton index (1989091 = 100) 75 101 104 Deviopowot ol Madlcel Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 70 8 78 3 59.0 Percent of agr. production soid in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 324 208 210 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 47 45 41 Labor force female (% of total abor force) 17 24 29 Foodpriceindex(1995=100) .. - 115 ffaOVenft of Accesfbfl9ty ard Commucaton Roads, normalized indes. Roads paved (%)' 45 49 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 38 57 97 Radios (per 1.000 people)' 473 582 640 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' . Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 10t 37 52 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' SulskI bte t oagem ot On "urd Pesoure Sae Potentially arable land' rural population (ha) 0.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr! agr GDP (cm/ milion $) 0.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 60 Annual deforestation r 990-95 (% change) Cropland/ potentia ly (non-marginal) arable land I%) Irrigated land as % cropland 0 6 0.4 1 1 Cultivated land with conservation technolog es )%) . .. P.1kt and intttonaf Faework Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations' no of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenie/, ocal govt spending 87 Finland 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 4.8 5.0 5.2 GDP ($ millions) 51,306 134.806 123,502 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 10,710 24,470 24,280 Rural population (% of tota) 40 39 34 Life expectancy 73 75 77 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 338 338 338 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 8 6 4 Safe water, rural I% of rural population with access) . 85 Sanitation, rural (%of rural popuation ith access) 100 100 t00 School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 96 99 99 School enrollment, primary. male (% gross)* 97 99 99 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 96 99 99 Per capita dietary energy supply (calores)' 3,040 3,100 3.040 Malnutrition prevalence (%5of children under 5)* Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15.)*' Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980 98) -0.2 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GOP/ worker 73 67 54 Agr. GDPi agr. worker, annuaa growth (1980-99) 3.2 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agrp, female (% of total labor force) 12 6 5 Employees, services. female (- of total labor force) 63 76 81 Non-agr. GDP' ron-agr. worker ($/people) 22,057 54,063 49.517 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 2,823 3,543 2,459 Food production index (1598991 =-100) 96 105 85 Livestock production index (1989991 = 100) 107 103 93 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 16.4 10.1 34.8 Peroent of apr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ mni ions)' 14,444 35,124 31,352 Agr. wage per agT worker ($) Rural labor force (% of tota, labor force) 12 a 6 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 47 47 48 Foodprioeirdex(1995=100) 57 104 101 Roads. normalized index' . . 68 Roads paved (%)' . 61 64 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 364 534 554 Radios (peo 1 000 people)' 837 993 1,496 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* 7,779 11,822 13.689 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 505 558 455 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 36 12 32 %sulM__temen ttwWifj At-t;Sam Potentially arable land! rural population (ha) . 1.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. ar GDP (cnr million $) 0.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . 3 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.' Cropland potentialiy (non-marginal) arable land (°. 101 Irrigated and as % cropland . 2.8 3.0 Cultivated land with oonservation technologies (5-) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations! no. of oemmunity groups Local govst spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 88 France 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 53.9 56 7 58.8 GDP ($ milions) 664,596 1,195,438 1,426,967 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 12,400 19,250 24,210 Rural populalion (% of total) 27 26 25 Die expectancy 74 77 78 Surfacearea(1,0W sq. km) 552 552 552 RPuraWSShg Popilation below the poverty line 1% rural) Mortality rate. infant (per 1,000 live births) 10 7 5 Safe water. rural (% of rural population wth a ces). 100 Sanitation, rural (%of rura populason wth aoess) .. 90 School enrollrment, pr mary ('% gross)' 11l 109 105 School enrollrrient. primary. male (%gross)* 112 109 106 School enrollment primary, female (%gross)' 110 108 104 Per capita dietary energy supply (calones)' 3.400 3,550 3,560 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children ucder 5)* Youth illiteracy rate (% of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate, adull female (%of female 15+)' tnwov n Iffre ftn tonomi Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-96J 1.3 Agr. GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP worker 51 62 53 Agr GDPCagr. worker annual growth (1980-98) 54 Rural non-farm employmem Employees. agr., temale (% of total labor force) 7 5 4 Employees, sewnices, female(90 of total labor force) 71 78 81 Non-agr. GDPC non-agr. worker ($ipeople) 29,103 49490 54,146 Cerea yield Iklograms per hectare) 4,854 6,083 7.408 Food producton oide (1989-91 = I 00) 95 100 106 Livestockproduction ndex (1939-91 = 100) 98 99 105 lDlpbptotlbfls Agr. exports as percent of agr. vaaue added 62 6 821 122.5 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Acoess to finance system per rura household Gross domestic savings I$ millions)* 152,810 263,210 288,881 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rura labor force (% of total labor force) 8 5 4 Labor force, female (% of total labor foroe) 40 43 45 Food prioe iodex (19954100) 51 94 105 hnwovwwtof MSbf49 nl O 0 Roacs, nomialized index' . 135 Roads paved )9%)' 100 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)' 295 495 570 Radios (per 1.000 peopae)* 741 887 937 Electric power consumpton per capita (kW5h)' 3,881 5,321 6.060 Daly newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 192 208 218 Number of post offices (rural) .. . Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 97 55 52 anwnee dmiwt Of heft4tr t esaol Sam Potentialy arable laidV rural population (ha) . 1.7 Freshwater wthdrawas for agr / agr. GDP (cms mr lion $1 0 3 Freshwater withdrawas for agr. (%/ of total) . 15 Annua deforestation 1990-959(% change) -1.1 Cropland/ potentially (non-margmat) arable land 1%1 . 79 Irrigated land as % cropland 4.6 6 8 8 6 Cultivated land wh onsenration technologies (1/%) POcyB anct R1 m k Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no. of cemmunity groups Local govt spending' central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ loca goat. spending 89 French Polvnesia 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 0.2 0.2 0.2 GDP ($ millions) 1,255 3,570 3.714 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 8,020 13,950 18,050 Rural population (% of total) 43 44 47 Life expectancy 70 72 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 4 4 4 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1 000 live b rths) 1 8 1 1 Safe water, rural (% of rura population with access) Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary 1% gross)* t2t 130 116 School enrollment, primary. male (%gross)* t24 132 118 Schoo enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* lt8 127 113 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 2,770 2,830 2,900 Malnutr tion prevalence (% of children under 5)* Youth i iteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* 11 iteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15)* ,, Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP! agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker Agr. GDP' agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non farm employment Employees. agr., female (% of total labor force) Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) Non agr. GDP/ non agr. worker ($!people) Cereal yie d (kilograms per hectare) Food production index (1989891 = 100) 127 103 96 Livestock production index (1989-91 =100) 81 100 96 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domest c savings ($ mill ons)* . -78 6 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force. female (% of total labor force) Food prce index (1995=100) Roads, normalized index* Roads paved (%)* Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 83 194 230 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 517 548 564 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* Daily newspapefs (per 1,000 people)* 86 107 109 Number of post off ces (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Suslelnatie Manegeniento 95.:0 ftSet6siI-XS0 J5soxc Uaai;A S0l Potentially asable land/ rural population (ha) Freshwater w thdrawals for agr. agr. GDP (cm million $) Freshwater withdrawa s for agr. (% of tota) Annual deforestation 1990 95 (%change) Cropland/ potentially (non-marg nal) arable land Irrigated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations! no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 90 Gabon 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 0 7 1 0 1 2 GDP ($ millions) 4,279 5,952 5,518 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US 4,750 4,750 4,170 Rural populat on (% of total) 50 32 21 Life expectancy 48 52 53 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 268 268 268 Rural Wel-beig Popu ation below the poverty line (% rural) Morfalily rate, infant (per 1,000 live birthsl 116 96 86 Safe water, rural 1% of rural population with access) 34 .. 30 Sanitation, rural (%1 Df rural population with access) .. . 67 School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 174 160 162 School enrollment, primary, male (1 gross)' 178 162 163 Schoo enrollment, primary. female (% gross)' 171 159 161 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 2,420 2.450 2,500 Malnutrition prevalence ('I, of children under 5p, Youth illiteracy rare. (% of female t 5-24). illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+) .. .. inwovement In Ihe Rural Economy Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1 980-98) -0.4 Agr. GDPR agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 10 14 18 Agr GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 0.1 Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr , fema e 1% of total labor force) 74 59 Emp oyees, services, female 1% of total labor force) 21 32 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 31,920 25,074 16,039 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,692 1,643 1,728 Food production index (1959-91 = 100) 80 98 f11 Livestockproduction index (1989-91 = 100) 86 100 116 Oevelop tarl of Mutte Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 3.1 0.8 2.7 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 2,594 2.194 2,385 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of tofa labor force) 66 52 40 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45 44 45 Food prce Index (1995=100) 60 84 107 Improvent of Aoceso ift ed Ca mnwnuiat Roads. normalized ndex .. 41 Roads paved 1%)' .. 8 8 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 13 22 33 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 130 172 193 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 618 806 752 Dally newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 22 21 29 Number of post off ces (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Susitlnabie MemantMrdt of It Natwl Rsoue Bs Polenlially arable land/ rural population (ha) . 13 2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr ! agr GDP lcr million $) . 0 1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) , 6 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.5 Cropland, potentially lnon-marg nal) arable land (to) .. 7 Irrigated land as t/ cropland 0 9 0.9 1 4 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Policy d a etltutlona Fr hlework F sca decentraiization (share of local govt. expenditure) - No. of farmers organizationsr no. of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue' local govt. spending 91 Gambia. The 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 0.6 0.9 1.2 GDP($millions) 241 317 416 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 380 320 340 Rural popu at on (% of total) 80 74 69 Life expectancy 40 49 53 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 11 11 11 Population be ow the poverty line (% rura ) Mortality rate. nfant (per t,000 ive birthsi 159 109 76 Safe water rural (% of rural population with access) 27 56 San tation, rura (% of rural population with access) . . 23 School enrollment, primary (% gross)* 53 64 77 School enrollment, primary. male (% gross)* 70 76 87 Schoo enrollment, primary, female I% gross)* 36 52 67 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 1,830 2,450 2,220 Malnutrit on prevalence (% of children under 5)- 26 Youth i iteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)- 79 66 54 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15-) 88 80 73 Agr. GDP (value addedi, annual growth (1980-96) 0.2 Agr. GDP, agr. worker as % of total GDPI worker 32 30 30 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) -3.2 Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr., female (% of total labor force) 93 92 Employees. services, fema e (% of total labor force) 5 6 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) 3,384 2,854 2,472 Cereal ye d (kilograms per hectare) 1,325 1,008 t .078 Food production index (1989-91 =100) 72 84 92 Livestock production ndex (1989-91 = 00) 95 99 116 ooillM- t16ii M .t.is Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 26.5 18.6 12,1 Percent of agr product on sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 14 34 31 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 84 82 80 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45 45 45 Food price index (1995=100) 14 73 103 krirrovemefitf tAcc, t 5,Im$IA Mid CormnofitCat Roads. normalized index' .. . 252 Roads paved (%)- . 32 35 Telephone ma n ices (per 1,000 peop e)- 3 7 21 Radios (pert 1 000 people)' 114 160 168 Electr c power consumption per cap ta (kWh)* Da py newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 2 2 Number of post off ices (rural) Two wheelers (per" 1,000 people)' S;slulnfe htorj em. of 9 aluraf Resoum . 8as ;00e Potentially arable landc rural population (ha) 0.8 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ mill on S) 66 Fresnwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 91 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0 9 Cropland, potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) .. . 29 Irrigated and as% cropland 0.6 0.5 1.0 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%. PotkyandInS9t' ;f 'ru - Eft .0< tf. 'erti; i; Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organ zationsi no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt spending 92 Georaia 1980 1990 1998 Population (mill ors) 51 5 5 5.4 GDP ($ millions) 12 5,129 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) . 970 Rural population (% of total) 48 44 40 Lfe expectancy 71 72 73 Surface area (t1,oo sq km) . 70 70 RtuWg .Mffbeft Population below the poverty line I% rural) .. . 10 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 25 16 15 Safe water. rural (% of rural population with access) . Sanitation, rural 1% of rural population with access) . . School enrolment. primary 04 gross)' 93 97 88 School enrollment. primary, male (% gross)* 93 97 89 School enrollment. primary, female (% gross)' 92 97 88 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* . 2.060 Malnutrition prevalence I% of children under 5)* Youth illieracy rate, I% of female 15-24)* Illiteracy rate, adult temale (%/ of female 15.)' fflpWOVSftUIeRD r au1 Wo8w Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr GOPl agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker . 212 119 Agr. GDPI agr. worker, annual growth t980 98) Rural norn-farm employment Employees, agr., female Ifo of total labor force) 34 24 Employees, services, fema e (0/, of total labor force) 45 52 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) .. 1.081 1.959 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) . 1.865 1,823 Food production index (1989-91 = 1001 .. 80 81 Livestock production index (1989-91 =100) . 84 92 DOetopml of M9*eti Agr. exports as percent of agr value added .. 0 6 3.2 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market . .. Access to finance system per rural housenold Gross domestic savings ($ millionsl' - 3 -315 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) . . .. Rural labor force 1% of total labor force) . 25 21 Labor force. female (% of total abor force) 49 46 47 Food price index (1995=100) . .. 1mvewws of Aweatbt1fty.wd .ntfcfo Roads, normalized index' Roads paved 1%) . 94 94 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 63 99 115 Radios (per 1.000 people)* . 458 555 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)l 1.910 2,711 1.142 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' . . . Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 peope)* . 5 5 swita,1raenmwoh of tU NmaJ Feon Bsse Potent ally arable land) rural population (hal 0.5 Freshwater withdrawals lr agr.l agr. GDP (cml million $) . 39 8 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of tota I . 42 Annual deforestation 1990-95 I% change) o.0 GroplandV porentially (non-marginal) arable land 1 /,) 105 Irrigated land as %/. cropland . 42 9 44.1 Cultivated lans with oonservation technologies (0/0 . .. 1t9f at1d Irnar t111 sarMewt - r Fiscal decentralization (share of locas govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations' no of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue, local govt spending 93 Germnanv 1990 1990 1998 Population (millions) 78.3 79.4 82.0 GDP ($ millions) 1,719,510 2,134205 GNP per capita, Alias rmethod (US $ 26,570 Rural population (%of total) 17 15 13 Ufe expectancy 73 75 77 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 357 357 357 ma ,,.rij, iSriS -it li.jii;; 0A MS Population oelowthe poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, nfant (per 1,000 live births) 12 7 5 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 100 Sanitation, rura (% of rjral population with aocess) S-hool enrollment, primary (%gross)' 101 104 School enrollIment, primary, male (% gross)* 98 104 School enrollment prinary, female (% gross)* 100 104 Per capita dietary energy supply (calor es)' 3,330 3,400 33X0 Mtalnutrition prevalence (% of children urider 5) Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)- Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP. agr. worker as % of tota GDP worker 38 38 Agr. GDP agr. wrker, annua growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm empioyrnet Employees, agr., female (% of Iota labor force) 4 3 Employees, serv ces, female I% of total labor force) 70 79 Non-agr. GDP non-agr. worker ($/people) . 44,051 52,410 Cereal yield (kilograrrs per heztare) 4,228 5,411 6.340 Food production rldex (1989-1 too) 91 102 93 ivestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 99 102 85 Agr. exports as peroent of agr. vaue added 88.6 1083 Peron of agr. prodraction rsold in domestic market Access to finance system per rura household Gross domestic savings ($ milions)r 401,647 4759,7 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 7 4 3 Labor force femae (% of total labor force) 40 42 42 Fod prire index (1995=100) .. 87 103 Roads, nonelzed index. Ro-os paved (°h)- 99 99 Tel ephone mainlines (per 1,000 peop e) 332 441 567 Radios (per 1,000 people) 893 963 948 Electric power consuaption per capita (kWh)t 5s,05 5,729 58626 Daly newspapers (per t,Odd people)' 304 311 Nurber o post offices (rurar) Two wheeers(per rdOpeople)* 38 18 30 Potentiafly arable land rural propulaton (ha) . . 1.6 Freshwater withdrawans for agr.l agr. GDP (cmi million $) . 0 Freshwater withdrawa s for agr. I% of total) 20 Auria deforestation 1990-95 )%f change) 0.0 Cropanc' potemtially (non marginal) arable [ard (°)% 71 Irrigated land as % croplanrd 3.7 3.9 3.9 Cultivated land with consenvation teehnologies (%) Fscal decentral ization (share of local govt. experditure) M. of farmers organizations no. of community groups Loca goWt. spendin' cerntra gvot. spending Local tax revenue local govt. spenrfing 94 Ghana 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 10.7 14.9 18.5 GDP ($ millions) 4,445 5.886 7,501 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 430 390 390 Rural populat on (% of total) 69 66 63 Life expectancy 53 57 60 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 239 239 239 RaWe8-being Population below the poverty line 1% rural) .. 34 Mortali1y rate, artant (per 1 000 l ve births) 94 77 65 Safe water, rural (% of rural populat on with access) . . 49 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) 36 School enrollment, primary (% grossl 79 75 79 School enrollment, primary. male 1% gross)' 88 82 84 School enrollment. primary, female (% gross)* 71 68 74 Per capltadietary energy supply (calores)' 1,900 2,100 2.510 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5) . 30 27 Youth fllfteracy rate. (% of female t5-24)* 46 25 t4 Illiteracy rate. adult female (% of female 1 5+)' 70 53 40 lw oY_nt hi f# Rurl Econormy Agr. GDP Ivaue added). annual growlh (1 980-98) 1.9 Agr. GDPR agr worker as % of total GDP, worker 94 76 18 Agr. GOP, agr worker, annual growth (I980-98) -0.9 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr.. female Ir'o o1 total labor fcrceo 57 55 Employees, services, female (% of total abor force) 29 31 Non-agr. GDP, non-agr. worker ($/peop e) 947 1 130 1.734 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 718 969 1,303 Food product on index 1989-91 = 10o) 69 82 144 Livestock production index (1989-91 =100) 80 99 105 Devotmptrte otMrs Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 18.2 15 6 76.6 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per ural )househrold Gross domestic savings ($ miliions)* 219 322 989 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force 1% of total labor force) 61 59 57 Labor force, female I% of total abor forcel 51 51 51 Food price index (1995=100) 1 33 136 lmpwvaoie6of Aec tfiftyand CoMmulclfO8R Roads, normalized Index . .. 119 Roads paved (%)* . 20 24 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 4 3 8 Radios fpel 1,000 people)' 158 228 238 Electric power consumption per capita (kWhl' 423 301 276 Daily newspapers (per 1 OO people)* 47 13 14 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers Iper 1,000 people)* Suawbln Mmmnmt ol fthe Na11tal RasomerSa ' Potentially arable land/ rural population (hal 0.9 Freshwater withdrawa s for agr./ agr. GDP (cm. million $) 21 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) . .. 52 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 1.3 Cropland, potentially (non-margisat) arable land l%) .. . 42 rrigated land as °iO cropland 0 2 0.2 0.2 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Fbity and n ir RuftimW rMij Fiscal decenfral2ation (share of local govt expenditref No. of farmers organizat onsi no. of commun ty groups Local govt. spending, central govt spend ng Local tax revenue, local govt. spending 95 Greece 1980 1990 1998 PopLiation (millions) 9.6 10.2 10.5 GDP ($ millions) 48,613 82,914 120.724 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 5,510 7,530 11,740 Rural population (% of total) 42 41 40 Life expectancy 74 77 78 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 132 132 132 Population below the poverty I ne (% rural) Mortal ty rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 1 8 10 6 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) Sanitation, rural ( of rural population with access) . 94 - School enrolment. prmary (% gross)' 103 98 93 School enro Iment. primary, male (% gross)' 103 98 93 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* 103 98 93 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 3,290 3,610 3.590 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5). Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* 1 0 0 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of fema e 15+)* 14 8 5 Si w%w tl.f Nti = lR fI oni , Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 0.2 Agr. GDP agr. worker as % of total GDP worker 42 44 43 Agr. GDPi agr worker, annual growth (1980-98) 2,3 Rural non farm employment Employees. agr., female () of total labor force) .. 30 23 Employees, services, female (% of total abor force) .. 52 64 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker (S people) 16.342 22,909 29,469 Cereal yield (lograms per hectare) 3,322 3,036 3,526 Fond production index (1989-91 r 100) 94 91 98 L vestock product on index (1989-91 - 100) 100 100 98 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 20.9 29.3 30.5 Percent of agr. production sold n domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Grossdomesticsavigns ($millions)' 12,899 9.515 14.168 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor torce) 31 23 18 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 28 35 37 Food price index (1995=100) 9 53 I11 Roads, normalized indexs , 111 Roads paved (%)' 92 92 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people) 235 389 522 Radios (per 1 000 people)- 343 418 477 Electric power consumpt on per capita (kWh)' 2,064 2,802 3,493 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 120 123 153 Numnber of post oftices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 12 120 184 $uandnabla MawgpneRt tilie Nalwati oeji at s i Potentially arable land rural population (ha) . 0.4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.i agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 4. . 4.7 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . . 63 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) -2.3 Cropiandi potentially (non-margina ) arable land (%/U) . 242 Irngated land as % cropland 24,5 30.6 35.4 Culatvated land with conservation technologies (%) tPolicy antt institutioal Xfirrnnlc j Fiscal decentra ization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizationsi no. of community groups Local govt. spend ngo central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ ocal govt. spending 96 Greenland 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 0.1 0,1 0 1 GDP ($ milions) .. 1,252 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $1 9,180 Rural population (% oi total) 24 21 18 Life expectancy . 66 68 Surface area 1,000 sq. km) 342 342 342 fifural1VW.nbethg : Population below the poverty line (% rural) . . Mortality rate, onfant (per 1.000 live births) 32 33 18 Safe water, rural (l of rural population with access) .. .. Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) , . School enrollment, primary (% gross)' School enrollment, primary, male (% grossl' School enrollment. primary, female (1 gross), Per capita dietary energy supply (caloriesl' Malnutrition prevalence (% ot children under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, (). of female 15-24)' Iliteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)' MWflIn t1W f l b , ,Eoo;, Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth 11980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker Agr. GOP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr.. female tn of total labor force) Employees, services, temale (% of total labor force) . Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production index (1989-91 = 1Oo) 92 100 106 Livestock production index (1 989-91 =1001 92 100 106 fselmaolf V*mkets- Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added .. . Percent of agr production sold in domestic market . . Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ milions)' Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force, female (% of total labor force) Food price index (1995=1 00) TIMPvO'atut ot AccuS8WlIttya CommuNtafIom Roads, normalized index' ,, Roads paved )'/0). Telephone mainl nes (per 1,000 people)' 191 299 444 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 300 414 481 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' .. Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' . .. 18 Number of post offices (rural) .. .. Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Sfsainabflf NeNags;.t aof fRe oumte ase Potentially arable land! rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr / agr. GDP Icr' million $) Freshwater withdrawa s for agr (% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland/ potentially lnon-marginal) arable land (%) Irrigated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Poficy and hIstifutf4naf Framswork Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt expendifure) No. of farmers organizations' no. of community groups Local govt. spending,' central govt spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 97 Grenada 1980 1990 1998 Population (m llions) 0.1 0.1 0.1 GDP (S milionsl 84 221 343 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US 5) 970 2,320 3,250 Rural populatiorn (% of total) 67 66 63 Life expectancy . 72 Surface area (1.000 sq ki) 0 0 0 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortalty rate, infant (per t,000 live oirths) 14 Safe water, rura I% of rura populafion with access) Sanitation, rural f% of rural population with access) School enro Imuet, pr niary (% gross)' School enrollment. pr mary, male (% gross)' School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* Per capita dietary energy supply (calories) 2.280 2,990 2.680 Malnutrition prevalence (l/' of children under S)I . Youth illiteracy rate. (% of fernale t 5 24)' Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female tha)' Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth It 980-98) -t.t Agr. GDPi agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker Agr. GDP agr worker, annual growth it980-98) Rural rnon-farm employment Employees, agr., female 1°% ot total labor force) 10 Emp oyees, setvices, female (% of total labor force) 75 Non-agr. GDP, non agr. worker ($,people) Cerea yield (ki ograms per hectare) 894 t 000 t 000 Food production ndex (1989-91 tO0) 122 103 t09 Livestock production index (1989-91 - 100) 104 100 106 Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 76.5 75.5 64.8 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domest c savings ($ mil ions)' -4 39 59 Agr wage per agr. worker t$) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force. female (% of tota labor force) Food price index (1 995=t 00) Ifupt'ovmet oFf Aceltfty anid Canw jnfc iat t \it0j0 ttfoat\ : jtt:i1f X 0 Roads, normal zed index' Roads paved (6)' . 55 61 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 34 t 77 263 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 393 627 561 Electr c power consumption per cap ta (kWh)* Daly newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 44 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per t .000 people) tsititi e Maaeet of t N;tw0t s ae Potentially arable land! rural population (ha) 0,0 Freshwater withdrawals lor agr./ agr. GDP (cm' million $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland, potentia py inon marginal} arable land 2%) 2667 Irrigated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Pgtj and lnh6iltlogtiflffili" ( X i ; i Fiscal decentral zat on (share of local govt. expend ture) No of farmers organizations! no. of commun ty groups Local govt. spending/ central gotn. spending Local tax revenue, toca govt. spending 98 Guam 1980 1990 1998 Population Imil ions) 01 0.1 0.1 GOP ($ millions) GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $1 Rural population (% of total) 61 62 61 Life expectancy 74 77 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 1 1 1 Rural Wefl-betrg Population beiow the poverty line (on rural) Mortality rate, infant Iper 1,000 five births) 16 9 8 Safe water, rural (% of rural popuabion with access) Sanitaton, rural (% of rural population wth access) School enro Iment, pr mary (% gross) 94 79 School enrollment, primary, mate (% gross)* Scnhoo enrollment, primary, female %p gross)' Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* Malnutr tion prevalence (% of children under 5), Yourh illiteracy rare, %/ o0 female 15 24) IlIl teracy rate. adut female (% of female 15t)* In4rov9t9 In the flural Econo,7 Agr GDP (value added). annua growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP! worker Agr GDPR agr worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr, femaie I% of total labor force) Employees senices, female I% of tofal labor force) Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3,000 2,000 2,000 Food producrion ndex (1989-91 100) 94 97 111 Livestock production index f1 989-91 = I100) 292 66 156 Je-opmet Of aWrS Agr exports as percent of agr. value added Percent of agr production sold in donrestic market Access to finance system per rural nousehold Gross domestic savinps ($ millions). Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor torce 1% of total labor force) Labor force, female (% of total lahor force) Food price index (I995=100) lEnprovmemnt of AcOOSbliyr ard Communteasfon Roads, normalized Mdex. Roads paved (%). Telephone ma n5ines (per t .000 people9 234 293 453 Radios (per 1,000 people) 1,028 f ,389 1,408 Electric power consumprron per cap,ha (kWI. . Oarly newspapeis (per f,000 people)* t68 164 193 Number of post offices (teral) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Suswalribfe ftna9.gemnt of tihe "t4ur Rsro f9ase Potentialfy arable land/ rural population (ha) Freshwater wrthdrawals for agr.. agr GDP (cmi milion $) Freshwater wit'hrawals for agr (% of total Annual deorestaton 1990-95 I% charige) Croplandr potenfially (non-marginal) arable and (%) Irrigated land as % cropland Cultivated land w th conservat on technologies 1%) Policy and Insrttonaf PTamiorrk Fiscal oecentralization (share of loca govt expenditure) No of farmers organizations. no. of community groups Locan govt spending' central govt spending Local tax revenjeN ocal govp spending 99 Guatemala 1980 1990 1998 Population (mill ons) 6.8 8.7 10.8 GDP ($ millions! 7,879 7,650 18,942 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 1,220 970 1,640 Rural poputation (% of total) 63 62 61 Life expectancy 57 61 64 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 109 109 109 Population below the poverty line (% rural) .. 72 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 84 56 42 Safe water, urval i% of rital pop,,lation with access) 43 48 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) 52 50 School enrollment, primary (% gross)* 71 78 88 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* 77 86 93 School enrollment. primary, female (% gross)' 65 76 83 Per capita dietary energy supply (caiories)* 2.260 2.300 2,280 Main,triton prevalence (% of children under 5)' . . 27 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 43 34 28 Illiteracy rate. adult female (% of female 15+)* 55 47 40 Agr. GDP (value addecl), annual growth (1980-98) 2.3 Agr. GDP, agr. worker as % of total GDPR worker 46 49 49 Agr. GDP, agr. worker, annual growth (t980-98) 0.1 Rural non farm employment . . Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 17 16 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 56 61 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 5,493 3,979 7,126 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) t .449 1,998 1,951 Food production index (1989 91 = 100) 71 102 128 Livestock production index (1989-91 -100) 78 102 125 Agr. exports as percent ot agr. value added 34.5 40.5 35.3 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ milionaf' 1,035 749 1,450 Apr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 54 52 47 Labor force, female I% of total labor force) 22 23 28 Food price index (1995=100) 12 51 125 Roads, normalized index' . .. 62 Roads paved )3Li' .. 25 28 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 12 21 41 Radios (per 1.000 people)* 51 67 79 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 240 242 404 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 29 22 33 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' Potentiaily arable land' rural population (ha) 0.4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million $1 4.5 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . . 74 Annual deforestaton 1990-95 I% change) 2.0 Cropland/ potentially (non marginal) arable land (%) . 75 Irrigated land as % cropland 5 0 6.6 6,6 Cultivated land with conservation technologles )%. Fiscal decentra ization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations' no. of community groups Local govt. spending. central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 100 Guinea 1980 1990 1998 Populat on (millions) 4.5 5.8 7.1 GDP I$ millions) . 2.818 3.598 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 450 530 Rural population I% of total) 81 74 89 Life expectancy 40 44 47 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 246 246 246 Rural WV*bel : Population below the poverty line I% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 185 136 118 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 2 15 62 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) I . 10 School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 36 37 54 School enrollment, primary, male (°' gross)* 48 50 68 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 25 24 41 Per capita dietary energy supply calories)' 2,270 2,050 2,170 Malnutrition prevalence I% of children under 5)' 23 . Youth illiteracy rate. 1% of female 15-24)- Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+-)' Imr_mwAM la Omr a Eeo - Agr. GOP (value added), annual growth t1980-98) 4.3 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDPt worker . 27 25 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth 11980-981 1.1 Rural non-farm employment . . Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 97 92 Employees, services, female I% of total labor force) 3 7 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 5,966 5,011 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 955 940 1,322 Food production mdex (1989-91 = 100) 98 100 143 Livestock production index (1989-91 =100) 117 99 139 Delltopntnll of UMars Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added .. 4 2 5.8 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ milions)* . 500 697 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 91 87 85 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 47 48 47 Food price index (1995=100) . 60 t01 bhlpraorwW of AmosaWky Wd C cmarwN atk0 Roads, normalized index- 154 Roads paved (%)' .. 15 17 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 2 2 5 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 30 42 47 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' DOily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* '3a2Ir.*a,_aflo the Fb8Wd sowge Potentially arable land, rural population (ha) . 1.4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.! agr. GDP (cmlr million $) 17.9 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 87 Annual deforestation 1990-95 I% change) 1.1 Cropland/ potentially Inon-marginal) arable land (%) .. . 20 Irrigated land as %o cropland 7.9 7.3 6.4 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizationsi no. of community groups Local govt. spendingi central govt. spending Local tax revenue,Niocal govt spending 101 Guinea-Bissau 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 0 8 1.0 1 2 GDP ($ millions) 1l1 244 206 GNP per capita. At as method (US $) 150 220 160 Rural population (% of total) 83 80 77 Life expectancy 39 42 44 Surface area (1 000 sq. km) 36 36 36 Population below the poverty line i5 f ru.) . 61 Mortality rate, infant (per 1.000 live births) 169 145 128 Safe water. rural (% ot rural populatron with access) 57 Sanitation. rural (% of rural population with accessj 13 17 School enrollment, primary i% gross)* 68 54 62 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* 94 70 79 School enrollment, primary. female (% gross)* 43 38 45 Per capita dietary energy supply (ca ories)* 2.010 2.440 2.440 Ma nutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' 24 Youth illiteracy rate, h% of female 15 24)* 87 79 70 Illiteracy rate, adu t female (% of female t15)* 93 89 83 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growtnh (980-98) 4.1 Agr. GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP worker 48 67 74 Agr. GDP. agr. worker. annua growrth (1980-98) 2.7 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of tota labor force) 98 96 Employees, services. female (% of total labor force) 3 3 Non-agr. GDP non-agr. worker (Speople) 1,279 1,545 876 Cerea yield (kilograms per hectare) 699 t,53t 1,425 Food production ndex (1989-91 - t00) 67 103 118 Livestock production index (t 989-91 - 100) 78 100 t t 8 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 9.6 9 6 15.0 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domesticsavings I$ millions)* -t 7 -18 Agr. wage per agr. worker (5) Rural labor force I% of total labor force) 87 85 83 Labor torce, female (% of total abor force) 40 4Q 40 Food price index (1995=1 00) frnhiWiiciiintt*8 Acojsliitiyarftd ; ; larn o Roads, normalized index' Roads paved (%)' 8 10 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 2 6 7 Radios (per 1.000 people)' 31 39 44 Electr c power consumption per capita (kWh) Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peoplei 8 6 5 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per t ,000 people)' W*, 00Maa of t Na*t 000roiiiuo Ba Ie Potentially arable land, rural population (ha) t 4 Preshwater withdrawals for agr. agr GDP (cm/ m llion $) 3.5 Freshwater withdrawals for agr I% ot total) 36 Annua deforestation 1990-95(% change) 04 Cropland, potentially (non marginal) arable and (%) . 29 Irrigated land as cropland 6 0 5.0 4 9 Cultivated and with conservation techno ogies (%) Fiscal decentral zation (share of local govt. expenditure) No.fo farmers organizations no of community groups Local govt spending' central govt spending Local tax revenue/ loca govt. spend ng 102 Guvana 1980 1990 1998 Population (millionsl 0 8 0.8 0.8 GDP ($ millions) 603 397 721 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 770 350 780 Rural popu ation (% of tota) 70 67 63 Life expectancy 61 63 64 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 215 215 215 Rua ttn eIfrgf Populat on below the poverty I ne iO% rural) Mortality rate infant tper 1,000 live baths) 68 64 57 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 45 Sanitation, rural I% of rural population with access) . 80 School enrollment, primary 1%gross)' 102 98 96 School enrollment, pr mary, male (% grossl' t03 99 97 School enrollment, primary, fema e (% gross)* t 00 97 96 Per capita dietary energy supply (calor es)' 2,5r 0 2,300 2,420 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' 22 18 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female t 5-24)' 1 0 0 Illiteracy rate, adult temale (% of female t 5+)' 7 4 2 ltAiprovenmfIn t i R iW Ecofsomy Agr GDP (value added), annual grovwth (1980-98) Agr GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 77 154 t 58 Agr. GDP, agr. worker, annual growth It980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) t3 8 Employees, services, female (% of total labor forcei 71 76 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($,'people) 2,6t4 1.066 1,718 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 2,953 2,943 4.053 Food production index (1989-91 = t 00) t35 86 176 LvestockproLuction insex (t989-9t =00) 165 97 191 Devefotwrae of flrket5 Agr exports as percent of agr value addeo 118.5 80.4 101.4 Percent of agr product on sold in domestic market Access to f nance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 123 55 123 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force! 27 22 19 Labor force. female (SO of tota) labor force) 25 31 34 Food price index (1995=1 00) rimvemeai lt f AcassibitPy and Comn"o ation Roads, normalized index' Roads paved (%)* 7 7 Telephone mainlines (pert 1,000 people)' 21 16 70 Radios (per 1,000 peoplel) 408 486 498 Electric power consumption per cap ta (kWh)* Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peop:e)' 76 60 50 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)' $vstl O 1an3gewnenl of Ihe Naougat Rou7eease Potentially arable land, rural population Iha) 14.9 Freshwater withdrawals for agr / agr. GODP (cm,, million $S 199 5 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) 99 Annual deforestat on 1990-95 (1/ changel Cropland' potentially Inon-margina) arable land I%) . .. 6 Irrigated land as % cropland 25 3 26 3 262 Cultovated land with conservation technologies (%) Policy and InfttLhfonal FmrrwWo* Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt spending 103 Haiti 1980 1990 1998 Population (mill ons) 5.4 6.5 7.6 GDP ($ millions) 1,462 2,981 3,871 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 270 410 410 Rural populabon (% ol total) 76 71 66 Life expectancy 51 53 54 Surfaoe area ( 1,000 sq. km) 28 28 28 Population below the poverty line (% rural) . . 66 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 123 85 71 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) . 23 Sanitation rural (% of rural popu ation with access) . 15 16 Scnool enrolliment, primary (% gross)' 77 48 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 83 49 School enrollment, primary, female I% gross)* 71 46 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' . . Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5) . 27 28 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* 57 46 38 Illiteracy rate, adult female f% of female 15+)* 73 63 54 Agr. GDP (vasue added), annual growth )1980-98) -0.7 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP worker 49 48 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 1.8 Rural non farm employment Employees. agr., female (% of total labor force) 53 50 Employees, serVices, female (% of total labor force) 39 38 Non-agr. GDP non-agr. worker ($rpeople) .. 2,126 2,157 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,016 1,027 914 Food production index (1989-91 =100) 101 98 95 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 99 96 129 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 3.1 2.8 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ mil ions)* 118 -32 -269 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force I33 of total labor force) 71 68 63 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45 43 43 Food price index (1995=100) 26 46 100 Roads, normalize index n Roads paved (%)* 22 24 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 4 7 8 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 20 45 55 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 41 61 42 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 7 7 3 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' Potentially arable landi rural population (ha) . 0t Freshwater withdrawals for agr ! agr. GDP (cml million S) 23.9 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 68 Annual deforestation 1990 95 (% change) 3.4 Cropland potentially (non-marginal) arable land (33) , . 308 Irrigated land as 33 cropland 7.9 8.3 9.9 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (3) Fiscal decentralizaton (share of local govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt. spending! central govt spending Local tax revenue, local govt. spending 104 Honduras 1980 1990 1998 Population (milbions) 3 6 49 6 2 GDP ($ millions) 2,566 3,049 5.371 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $! 700 700 740 Rural population (% of total) 65 58 49 Life expectancy 60 67 69 Surface area 11,000 sq. km) 112 112 112 Population below the poverty line 1% rurall .. 46 51 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 70 50 36 Safe water, rural (% of rural populaton with access) . 53 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) . 53 School enrollment, primary (% gross) 98 t08 lt 1 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 98 105 110 School enrollment. primary, female (% gross)* 99 110 112 Per capita dietary energy supply (caloriesol 2,150 2,320 2,350 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* . 18 25 Youth Illiteracy rate. I%of female 15-24)* 27 20 16 Illiteracy rate. adult female (1% of female 15+)' 40 32 27 impow.nt in the Iuad Eloc - - Agr. GDP (value added), ansual growth (1980-981 3.1 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP, worker 37 48 52 Agr GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1 980-98) 2.6 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr , female (% of total labor force) 40 6 7 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 51 71 66 Non-agr GOP. non-agr. worker ($/people) 3,942 2,485 2,934 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,132 1,468 1.434 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 90 101 117 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 88 101 129 oewjopitl of Maets Agr exports as percent of agr value added 88.0 107 7 50 8 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 435 595 1,258 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force I% of total labor force) 57 41 34 Labor force, female I% of total labor force) 25 28 31 Food price index (1995=100) 18 36 167 Impeoemen of Accessliftyand C o cctleatn Roads, normalized ndex . .. 120 Roads paved (O/.) . 21 20 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people) 8 17 38 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 140 387 386 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* 215 365 411 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 59 41 55 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Sualndne UaWngemeet of w Natt1w Resoe Ss6e Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 0 5 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.! agr. GDP (cml miilion $) 25.8 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. I% of total ). . 91 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 2.3 Croplandc. potentially (non-marginal) arabie land (%) . 121 Irrigated land as % cropland 41 4.1 3.6 Cult vated land with conservation technologies (%) .. Paly and Ifstluksat FraMwXk Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no. of communniy groups Local govt spending/ central govt spending Local tax revenue local govt spending 105 Hona Konag China 1980 1990 1998 Population (m llions) 5.0 5.7 6.7 GDP ($ millions) 28,496 74,784 166,440 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 5.790 12,680 23,660 Rural population (% of total) 9 0 0 Life expectancy 74 78 79 Surface area (11000 sq. km) 1 1 1 Population below the poverty ine (% raurl) MortaJity rate, infant (per 1,000 live b rths t 1 6 3 Safe waler rurai ()/% ol rural population wth access) Sanitation, rural (1/% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 107 102 94 School enrollment, primary, male (O gross)* 107 102 93 School enrollment primary, female (% gross)* 106 103 95 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2,890 3,250 3230 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* Yojth illiteracy rate, f% ot female 15-24)' 4 1 0 I literacy rate, adult female (% of female t 5+)' 24 t 6 t 1 Agr. GDP (value added). annual growth (t980-98) Agr GDP, agr. worker as % of total GDP, worker 58 27 20 Agr. GDP agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Empoyees, agtr. female (° or total labor force) 1 I 0 Employees, senvices, female (% of total labor force) 43 66 85 Non-agr. GDPi non-agr. worker ($ipeople) 11,550 25,930 50,871 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 2.121 2,000 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 8 98 19 Livestock production index (1989 91 - 100) 202 98 20 Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 486.9 1 964 2 2,9902 Percent of agr. product on sold in domestic market Access to linance system per rural househoid Gross domest c savings ($ mi llions)' 9,730 26,805 50 753 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 1 1 Labor force. femae (% of total labor force) 34 37 37 Food price noes(1995=100) 31 67 110 Ihqtv a AOt Aco'edbfJIty liti Coini*aon, Roads, normalized index' Roads paved (%)' 100 100 Te ephone mainlines (per 1 000 people)* 254 450 558 Radios (per 1 000 people)' 506 691 684 Electric power consumption per capita (kvh)' 2,167 4.178 4,959 DaOly newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 714 745 792 Number of post otfices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 5 4 5 $tmttnS$eMrageoIu¶t io the N for Bass Potentially arable land, rural population (ha) 0 1 Freshwater withdrawals tor agrJ agr. GDP (cm milion S) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) Annua deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland' potential y (non-marginal) arable land (°) . 33 Irrigated and as% cropland 375 28.6 333 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Fiscai decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizationa no of community groups Local govt. spending central govt. spending Local tax revenuei locai govt. spending 106 Hunaary. 1980 1990 1998 Population (mil ions) 10 7 10 4 10 1 GDP ($ millions) 22,164 33,056 47,807 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 2.060 2.880 4,510 Rural population (% of total) 43 38 36 Life expectancy 70 69 71 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 93 93 93 Rural Well-beig Population below the poverty line (°6 rural) . .. Mortality rate. infant (per 1,000 live births) 23 15 10 Safe water, rural I% of rural population with access) Sanitation. rural (% of rural population with access) .. 85 School enrollment, primary (%gross) 96 95 103 School enrollment, primary, male (% grossl 96 95 104 School enrolment, primary, female (% gross)' 97 95 102 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 3,450 3,660 3,340 Ma nutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* . 2 - Youth illiteracy rate. I% of female 15-24)* 1 0 0 liliteracy rate, adult female I% of female 15t1 2 1 1 Impmvemel In fJe Rui Ecoaom; Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth 11980-981 -1 6 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as lv of total GDP! worker 93 82 43 Agr GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth 11980-98) 1.2 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr , female I% of total labor forcet 19 15 5 Employees, services, female 1% of total labor forcel 45 55 71 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($'people) 4,396 7,207 10,279 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 4,806 4,521 4.709 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 94 97 77 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 95 102 69 Develpet ot Mlar ete Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 55 3 562 118 4 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 6,323 9,255 13,575 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Ruras labor force (% of total labor force) 18 15 12 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 43 44 45 Food price index (1995=100) 12 33 158 Roads, normalized index' , 127 Roads paved (%)% . 50 43 Telephone mainines (per 1.000 peop e)' 58 96 336 Radios (per 1.000 people)' 499 605 689 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 2,389 3,048 2,840 Daily newspapers (per 1 .000 people)' 247 237 186 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' . 16 14 Sustinailte ManogenFeti of lth NaturtlR FWsouce Sane Potentially arable landi rural populat on (ha) 1.8 Freshwater withdrawa s for agr./ agr. GDP (cmr million $) 54 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) , , 36 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) -05 Cropland/ potent al y (non-marginal) arable land (%) . . 83 Irrigated land as%cropland 2.5 3.9 4.2 Cult vated land wirh conservation technologies (%) . . Policy and I11suttlUonal Framswork Fiscal decentralzation (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizaions! no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt spending Local tax revenue' local govt. spend ng 107 Iceland 1980 1990 1998 Popu at on (millions) 0.2 0.3 0.3 GDP ($ milions) 3,373 6,252 7,894 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 15.230 23,610 27,830 Rural population l% of total) 12 9 8 Life expectancy 77 78 79 Surfacearea(1,000sq. km) 103 103 103 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortaity rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 8 6 3 Safe water, rural (% of rural populaton with access) . 100 Sanitation. rural (% of rural population with access) . 100 100 School enrollment, primary (% gross)* 99 101 98 School enrollment, primary, male flu gross)* 101 100 98 School enrollment. primary, female (% gross)* 101 99 98 Per cap ta dietary energy supply (calories)' 3,280 3,140 3,130 Maunulrition prevalence (%l of children under 5) Youth illiteracy rate, (f of female 15-24). lfliteracy rate. adult female (% of female 15+)* Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) t.6 Agr. GDPR agr worker as % of total GDP worker 95 85 101 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 0. 1 Rural non-farm employment Emptoyees, agr., female (%/ of total labor fore) . 5 4 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) ,. 77 81 Non-agr. GDP/ non agr. worker ($/people) 29,004 44,858 46,495 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production index (1 989-91 = 100) 115 99 91 Lvestochproduction index (1989 91 100) 117 99 94 Agr. expons as percent of agr. value added 8.4 6.4 4.8 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ( millions)' 874 t ,222 1,365 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural abor force (% of tota labor force) 10 11 9 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 42 44 45 Food price iedex (1995-100) hr,rw eflt f i08fbft i anrj r i ormuuni i ,c8 ttto: nlf;C:g - :0 Roads, normalized index* Roads paved (%)' . 20 27 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 372 510 646 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 711 782 953 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)- 12,553 15,345 17.434 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 548 510 537 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 4 8 fus8i_lvI Meg gei1tf -f thr Natio Aeo:o Sa8 : Potentiay aeaue land rare population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 0.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (fl of total) 6 Annual deforestation 1990 95 (% change) Cropland/ potentially (eon-marginal) arable land t%) Irrrgated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Mro i r rr .UtL' Fiscal decentralization (share of locar govt expenditure) No of farmers organ zauions no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Loca tax revenue" local govt. spending 108 India 198D 1990 1998 Population (mnillions) 687.3 849 5 979 7 GDP ($ millronsj 186,392 322737 430 024 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 270 400 440 Rural population (% of total) 77 75 72 Life expectancy 54 60 63 Surfacearea (1,000sq km) 3,288 3,288 2,288 RbtdW*Veige Population below the poverty line (% rural) . 44 37 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 115 80 70 Safe water, rural (St of rural population with access) .. 85 79 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) . 2 School enrollment, primary (% gross*l 83 97 100 School enrollment, primary, male (9 gross)* 98 110 109 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 67 84 90 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2.080 2,350 2,390 Malnutroion prevalence (% of children under 5' .. 53 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 58 46 37 Illiteracy rate. adult female (% of female 15+)' 74 64 57 trA*v in the111ura ftont Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 3.4 Agr GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP' worker 49 43 44 Agr GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 2 1 Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr, female (% of total labor force) 83 Employees. services, female (% of total labor force) 8 Non-agr GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 1,339 1,797 1,861 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,350 1.891 2,216 Food production index (1989-91 = 1 20) 67 100 120 Livestock production index (1989-91 100) 62 101 127 DefiOpnt VI MWf : Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 3 7 3.4 4.7 Percent ot agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic sav ngs ($ millions)' 31.935 71,021 89,812 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 70 64 61 Labor force, female (% of total labor forcel 34 31 32 Food price ildex (1995=100) 25 58 132 roWtSenitdf kcsffsbflftyan$om nfnnicstlort Roads, normalized index* 596 Roads paved )S 47 46 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 3 6 22 Radios (per t,000 people)* 38 79 121 Electnc power consumpt on per capita (kWh)' 130 254 363 Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 21 Number of pest offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 15 24 aaslrwiseansn nt of thewatrwat fiece fes Potentia ly arable land rural population (ha) . 0.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr GDP (cm' million $) 107.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 93 Annual deforestation 1990-95 1% change) G o Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land ()S) . 109 lrrigated land as % cropand 22 9 26 6 33.6 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Potity Si n, iitsfc t :mwwk Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt. spendinmg central govt. spending Local lax revenue/ local govt. spending 109 Indonesia 1980 1990 1998 Population (mlnlions) 148.3 178.2 203.7 GDP ($ milions) 78,013 114,426 94,156 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 500 620 640 Rural population (% of total) 78 69 61 Life expectancy 55 62 65 Surface area (1,000 sq. kmn) 1,905 1,905 1,905 Population below the poverty line (% rural) 14 22 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 90 60 43 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 45 54 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) 38 40 School enrollment, primary (%gross)* 107 115 113 School enrollment, primary, mae (% gross)* 115 117 115 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* 100 114 110 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories) 2.210 2,570 2.700 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* . . 34 Youth lliteracy rate, (% of female 15-24) 15 7 4 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female r 5+) 40 27 20 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 3.3 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 41 35 39 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) .3 Rura non farm employment Employees, agr, female (% of total labor force) 53 56 42 Employees, senvices, female (% of total labor force) 32 31 42 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) 2,359 2,563 1,537 Cereal y eld (kilograms per hectare) 2,866 3,800 3.789 Food production index (t989-91 = 100) 63 101 119 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 48 100 141 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 70 12.6 17.4 Percent of agr. product on sold in domestic market Acoess to finance system per rural household .. .. Gross domestic savings ($ millons)* 29.674 38,043 22.666 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rura labor force (% of total labor force) 58 55 50 Labor force, female (% of total labor foroe) 35 39 40 Foodpriceindex(1995=100) 27 64 119 Roads normalized index . 235 Roads paved (%). 46 46 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people) 2 6 27 Rados (per1, 000 peope)( 119 148 156 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* 44 156 329 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people) 15 29 24 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people) . 34 59 Potentially arabe land/ rural population (ha) . 0,2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.i agr. GDP (cm/ mil ion $) . 734 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 76 A,nnual deforestation 1990-95 (%change) 1 0 Cropland/ potentially (non marginal) arable and (%) 111 Irrigated and as % cropland 16.5 13 8 15 5 Cultivated and with conservation technologies (°/6) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizationsi no. of community groups Local govt. spending central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ ocai govt. spending 1 1 0 Iran. Islamic Rep. 1980 1990 1998 Populahon (mill ons) 39.1 54 4 61 .9 GDP ($ millions) 92,664 120.404 113,140 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 2.250 2,590 1,650 Rural population (t of total) 50 44 39 Life expectancy 60 66 71 Surfaceaareall.000sq kern 1.633 1,633 1.633 RFral WSlbehig Population blow the poverty Ine (% rural) Mortally rate, intant (per 1.000 live births) 87 47 26 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 33 77 Sanitation, rural ()/o of rural population with access) 30 37 School enrollment, primary (% gross)* 87 112 98 Schoo enrollment, prmany, male i%grossp 10B 116 102 Schoo enrollment, primary. female (t gross)* 76 106 95 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 2,660 2.710 2,920 Malnutriton prevalence 1% of chidren under 5 s 16 Yroutli lilteracy rare, (t ot temale 15-24)' 35 16 10 IlIl teracy rate. adult female (t ot female 15+) 61 45 33 trrrovemmnt in the Rural Evomnn Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (t980-98j 4.3 Agr. GDP/ agr, worker as t of total GDPi worker 45 71 87 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-981 2 8 Rural non-farm employment - Employees, agr.. female (t/O of total labor force) 50 Employees, serv ces, temale (% ot total labor force) 33 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker (S/people) 10,665 8,473 4,570 Cereal yield (ki ograms per hectare) 1.067 1,445 2,161 Food production index (1 989-91 = 1 CO) 59 104 160 Livesmock product on index (1989-91 = 1001 67 100 148 wevipm of Marfket5 Agr. exports as percent of agr. salue addecd 0.6 1 6 4 3 Percent ot agr. production so d In domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ miiions)* 24,532 32,611 16.409 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 39 32 28 Labor force, female (t of total labor forcel 20 21 26 Food price index (1995=100 5 24 165 mro99m1on of AcceassiWty andVcWC mO a1 Roads. normalized index' Roads paved (%)' .. 50 Telephone mainlines tper 1,000 peope)' 23 40 112 Radios (per 1 000 people)' 163 245 265 Electric power consumpbton per capia (kWh)* 491 829 1.163 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 25 28 28 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* 36 43 Suts"nab Manap d the Natrul Roure Sass Potentially arable landi rural population (ha) 0.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cmi million $) 567 Freshwater wlthdrawals for agr (/o a totali 92 Annual delorestation 1990-95 (% change) 1.7 Cropland' potentially (non-marginalj arabie land (%) 6.711 Irrigated land as%tcropland 361 405 37.4 Cult vated land with conservation technologies (%t. Poneiy and IrntUlio Framework Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. ot tarmers organizations/ no ol community groups Local govA spending/central govt spending Local tax revenue/ local goet spending 111 Iraq 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 13.0 18.1 22.3 GDP I$ millions) 47,562 48,657 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 3.240 2.170 Rural population (% of total) 35 28 29 Life expectancy 62 61 59 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 438 438 438 Rur*g0oV V;t r>LWS eia Population below the poverty line 1% rural) Mortality rate, irifant (per 1.000 live birthsi 80 102 103 Sate water, rural (% of rural population with access) 22 Sanitation, rural (1 of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary (%/. gross)' 113 111 85 School enrollment. primary, male I% gross)* 119 120 92 School enrollment, primary, female (% grass) 107 102 78 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories) 2,830 2,930 2,280 Malnutrition prevalence I% of children under s) .. 12 Youth illiteracy rate. (% of female 15-24y 64 48 36 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15s+! 78 67 57 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1 980-98) Agi. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker Agr. GDP, agr. mrker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., temale (% of total labor forcei 62 39 Employeesr senvices. female (% of total labor force) 28 52 Non-agr. GDP non-agr. worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per nectare) 826 1,061 847 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 80 118 99 Livestock production index (1989-91 tOO) 82 116 72 Oev4OtietO MptwtiE j.f\j-Sif i 0i 0 k ij\W rrr fi Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings IS millionsf' Agr. wage per agr. worser )$) Rural labor force (% of total rabor force1 28 16 11 Labor force, fema e (% of total labor force) 17 16 19 Food price ndex (1995-1 001 bam9i6to Acoedbmt fa fiitanan.iitjijcsoitnf iif fi Roads, normalized index* Roads paved (%)' 78 86 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)* 19 37 31 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 161 215 229 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh`i 831 1,261 1,353 Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people) 26 36 19 Number of post ofhices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people! Potentially arable land rural population (fha) 0.3 Freshwater w thdrawals for agr.r agr GDP (cm/ million $S Freshwater withdrawals tor agr. I% of total) 92 Annual deforestation 1990 95 (% change) 0.0 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%f - - 324 Irrigated land as % cropland 32.2 63.1 63,6 Cultnvated land with conservation technologies (50) Fiscal decentralization (share of lDcal govt. expenditure) No. ot farmers organizations no. of community groups Local govt. spending, central govt, spending Local tax revenue local govt spending 112 Ireland 1980 1990 1998 Populat on (millions) 3.4 3 5 3.7 GDP ($ millions) 20,080 45,527 81,949 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US$) 5,650 11,130 18,710 Rural popu ation (% of tota) 45 43 41 Life expectancy 73 75 76 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 70 70 70 Rura Wel-being Populat on below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 11 8 6 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) Sanitaton, rural I% of rural population with access) . 100 School enrollment, primary I% gross)' 100 103 105 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* 100 103 105 School enrolmient, primary, female 1% gross)' 100 103 104 Per capifa dietary energy supply (calories)' 3,640 3,640 3,670 Malnutriton prevalence (% of children under 5)' Youth ifliteracy rate, (Y of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)* hnpErotwmrt In t+ %rfat Ewtomy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP, worker . 50 42 Agr. GDP! agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-tarin employment Employees. agr., female (% ot total labor iorce) . 4 3 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) .. 77 79 Non.agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($ipeople) . 37.698 49,377 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 4,650 6,577 6,343 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 89 102 107 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 90 103 107 oe'foptntet of Markets Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added .. 161.5 254.8 Percent of agr production sold n domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 2,757 12,349 28.858 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force I% of total labor force) 19 14 11 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 28 32 34 Food price index (1995=100) 20 91 108 lnWpotf Ae*s8Ibt"ftd tinolaflo Roads, normalized ndexs .. .. 216 Roads paved (%)* . 94 94 Telephone ma noines (per 1,000 people)' 142 281 435 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 375 619 699 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 2.528 3,385 4.559 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peop er 229 169 150 Number of post off ces (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* 8 6 6 98si. wiIfI'FnaKmredof I fthe Nalural PR. . ason Potentially arabie and/ rural population (ha) 2.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GOP (cm/ milion $) . 0.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . . 10 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) -2.7 Cropland! potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) . .. 44 Irrigated land as % cropland Cult vated land with conservation technologies 1%) Pofily tnd InsftuttOn Frrmilolk F scal decentralization (share of ocal govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt spending/central govt spending Local tax revenue/ local govt spending 113 Isle of Man 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 0.1 GDP l$ millions) GNP per capita, Atras rmethod IUS SI Aural population (c/ of total) Life expectancy Surface area (1.000 sq. kmr RurN We ~~ ~ ~b*wN~ Population beiow rhe poverty line (°. rural Mortality rate, nfat ˘per t,000 lee 6brtrs!- Safe water, rural (% of rural popu at on with accessr Sanitation, rural t% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary (% gross)' School enrollment, primary, male l% gross)^ School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)a Per capita d etary energy supply (caloriesa' Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female t15 24) Illiteracy rare, adult female of fema e f5+)' t1ipwvfinitf Ithe Rural ono0my; Agr. GDP (va ue added). annual growth (1980 98) Agr GDCP agr. worker as % of total GDP! worker Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growrh (1 980-98) Rural non-farm employment Emp(oyees, agr female (f/c of total labor force) Employees, services, fema e (% of tota labor force) Non-agr. GOP non agr. worker ($ people) Cereal y eld (kilograms per hectare) Food production index 11089-9S - 100) Livestock prod uction index (1989 91 = 100) Peviii,le i rkets Agr. exports as percent of agr value added Percent of agr. produchon sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rrual househrod Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' Agr. wage per agr. worker ($! Rural labor force (% of fotal labor force) Labor force, female (% of total labor force) Food pnce index (1995=1 00) Roads, normalized index Roads paved ;Ni Telephone mainlines (per t,000 people)* Radios (per 1 ,000 people)* Electric power consumption per capira (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1.000 peopae)* Number of post offices (rural! Two wheelers (per t ,000 people)' Potentially arab e land rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr / agr. GDP (cm: milion $) Freshwater wrthdrawals for agr (° of total) Annua deforestation 1 99095 M change) Crop and! potentially (non marg nal) arable land (%) Irrigated land as % cropland Cultivated land w th conservation techno ogies (%) Fisca decentral1ation (share of local govt. expendriure) No. of farmers organizationrs no of community groups Loca govt, spend ng/ central govt. spending Local tax revenrue local govst spending 114 Israel 1980 1990 1998 Populat on (mi ions) 39 4'7 6 0 GDP ($ millions) 21 781 52490 100,525 GNP per capita. At as method (US $' 5350 10,860 16,t80 Rural popu at on f% of tota TI t0 9 L fe expectancy 73 76 78 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 2t 21 21 Rural Wel-befing Populabon beforv the poverty ine 1% rura) Mortality rate. infant (per 1 000 Ive birthsi 16 10 6 Safe water rLral (% of rura population with access) j 95 Samtat on, rura (% of rural population wTth access) . 99 99 School enro Iment, primary (% gross)' 95 95 98 School enrollment, primary, ma e (% gross)' 97 93 96 School enrollment, primary, female (% grossl' 98 96 96 Per capita dietary energy supp y (calories) 2,990 3,250 3,210 Ma nutrit on prevaience (% of children under 5). Youthrl Iteracy rate f% of female 15-24)1 3 2 1 lliteracy rate, adut female (% of female T5+' t3 9 6 tmprovement Ir fthe Rural Economy Agr GDP (va Lie added). annual growth (1 980-98) Agr GDP/ agr worker as °/O ot total GDPI' worker . . 0 Agr GDP,' agr worker, annual growth 1i 980-98) Rural non-farm employment Emp oyees, agr., fema e (f, of tota labor force) 4 2 1 Employees, services. temale (L, ot total labor force) 80 82 84 Non-agr GDP' non-agr worker +people. 39.077 Cereal yield (k lograms per hectare) 2,317 2,817 1 863 Food production ndex (1989-91 = 100) 85 107 t07 Livestock product on indexn(1989-91 = I00) 78 99 118 Development of Markets Agr exports as percent of agr va ue added Percent of agr. production sold n domestic market Access to finance system per rura household Gross domestic sav ngs ($ mil ions)* t .490 7,561 9,221 Agr. wage per agr worker 101 Rural labor force (% of total labor forcel 6 4 3 Labor foroe, female (° of total labor force) 34 38 41 Food pr ce index ( t995=100) 0 62 127 Improvmeti tof AcoessItlIty and Ctounicalion Roads normalized indeK , 97 Roads pavedo(%)' tO 100 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 222 343 471 Radios uper 1.000 people)' 245 460 520 Eectric power oonsumption per capta (kVVh)' 2826 3,902 5,069 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 258 258 290 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)' . 8 12 Sustafnable Marnragement of the Natunal uesaroe Base Potentially arable land/ rural population (hai 0.4 Freshwater wthdrawals for agr / agr. GDP (cm/ m Ilion $1 . 1 Freshwaterwthdrawalsforagr 1%oftotal . 79 Annual deforestation 1990-95 )% change) 0.0 Cropland! potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) .. 187 Irrigated land as % cropland 49 2 47.2 45.5 Cullivated and with conservation technolog es (°O) Policy and Irntutitulona Framework Fiscal decentralization (share or local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organ zat ons! no of community groups Local govt spend ngs cenUal govt spend ng Local tax revenuei local govt. spending 115 Italy 1M99 1990 1998 Population (millions) 56.4 56.7 57.6 GDP ($rrilions) 449,913 1,093,947 1,171,865 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 7.900 17,400 20,090 Rural population (% of total) 33 33 33 Life expectancy 74 77 78 Surface area (1,000 sq. kms) 301 301 301 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 1 5 8 5 Safe water, rural (% of rurat population with access) . Sanitation, rura I% of rural population wth access) 100 . School enrollmert, primary (%gross)* tOO t03 101 Sroosl enrollment, primary, male (%gross)* 100 103 10t School enrollment, primary, female (%gross)* 100 103 101 Per capita detary energy suppy (calories)' 3,560 3,580 3,470 Manutrrion prevalence (% of children uider 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, (%of female 15-24)' 0 0 0 Illiteracy rate, adult female (%h of female 15,,)' 5 3 2 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 0.6 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP! worker 46 37 43 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annua growth (1980-98) 4.2 Rural nonfarm employmert .. . Employees, agr-. female ('%.of total laborforoce) 16 9 7 Employees, sereoss, female (%of tota labor force) 56 68 72 Non-a. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 21.500 47.170 47,195 Caerea yeld (hilograns per hectare) 3,521 3,945 5,064 Foodproductionirndex(199-91 = 100) 104 96 101 Livestock production index (1989-91 = O00) 94 101 103 Agr. exports as percent of agr. vaue acded 273 31.7 52.2 Percent of agr. production sold in dornestic rnarket Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ rirlions)' 1089712 231,096 250,440 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rura labor force (%of tota labuor force) 13 9 6 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 33 37 38 Food price ildex (1995=1 0) 34 80 105 Roads, normarized ihdexs' 115 Roads paved Q)%' °°0 100 Telephone manlines (per 1,000 people)' 231 368 451 Radios (per 1,000 people) 603 789 878 Electric power oDnsumption per capta (kWn)' 2,831 3,784 4,315 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peop0e)- 101 106 104 Number of post offices (rura) Two wbeelers (per 1,000 people)' 114 45 44 Potentially arable and rural population (ha) 4. a4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr/ agr. GDP (cn million S) 2.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (%3of tota) .. 59 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) e I Cropendi potentially (non-marginoa) arable land (ccl .. .. 144 Inigated land as % croplard 19.3 22.6 24.7 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (35) Fisca decemrrlization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations no. of community groups Locas govt. spending/ central govt, spending Locas tax revenue, local govt. spending 116 Jamaica 1980 1990 1998 PopLjlation (millions) 2.1 2.4 2.6 GDP I$ millions) 2,652 4,239 6,418 GNP per capita, Atlas metnod (US $) 1,220 1,650 1,740 Rural population (ft' of total) 53 49 45 Lfe expectancy 71 73 75 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 11 11 1t aurgw.1: ' ' Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant )per 1,000 live births) 33 25 21 Safe water, rural (% of rural populat on with access) . 48 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) .. 59 School enrollment, primary (% gross)* 103 101 100 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 103 102 1OO School enrollment, prfmary, female (% gross)' 104 101 99 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 2.640 2,590 2.660 Malnutriton prevalence (% of children under 5)' .. 5 10 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 8 5 3 Illiteracy rate, adultfemale (%ot female 15*)' 20 14 10 l1wov_ft ri f whe uRc tomr Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 2.2 Agr. GDP, agr. worker as % of total GDPI worker 26 26 37 Agr GDOP' agr worker, annual growth (I980-98) 2.9 Rural non-farm empioyment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 23 15 11 Employees, services, female 1% of total labor force) 69 73 77 Non-agr GDPI non-agr. worker ($/people) 3.699 4,68t 5,899 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,785 1,116 1,150 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 86 104 117 Livestockproduction index (t989-91 100) 74 106 111 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 67.5 82.0 90.9 Percent ot agr production sold tn oomes5c market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)- 423 1,007 1,179 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% ot total labor force) 31 25 21 Labor force, female 1% of total labor force) 46 46 46 Food price index (1995=100J 4 18 134 k%f r Ot_ of AcafteMIbRt and Com drAcOfA Roads, normalized index' .. 6 664 Roads paved (%)' .. 64 71 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 25 45 166 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 375 428 480 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 482 686 2,170 Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 51 64 62 Number of post oftices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)' *SUSta *ug n_eg o8 th9NtaRe.otaos Eae Potentially arable land, rural population (ha) . 0.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr GDP (cm! million $1 10.8 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) ., .. 66 Annual deforestation 1990-95 )9% change) 72 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land 1%) .. .. 285 Irrigated land as % cropland 13 8 15 1 12 0 Cultivated land wfth conservation technologies (%) Pow f and f toftW FnMM -- Fiscal decentralization (share o1 local govt. expenditurel No of farmers organzationsx no. of communifty groups Local govt. spending! central govt spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 117 Japan 1980 1990 1998 Populaton(rmliors) 116.8 123.5 126.4 GDP I$ mill oos) 1 059 254 2,970,043 3 782,964 GNP per ca,ita Atlas method (US $t 10.390 26,400 32.350 Rura population (%of total) 24 23 21 Lie expectanry 76 79 Si Sudace area (1,0 sq. km) 378 378 378 Populat on below the poverty line (% rura ) tifortaity rate, infant (per 1.000 live brnhs, 8 5 4 Sate water. rura (Is of rural popu alion wlth access) Sanitation, rural ( of rura population vtt access) Scrool enroliment, primary (%gross)' 01 100 101 SchoolenrolIment, prmnary. ri3ae;fgross)' 101 100 10r Srhool enrolment. primry, fenale (%gross)' 10t 1030 101 Per capita dietary energy suppy (caories)' 2.750 2.900 2.880 Malnautrt on prevaenrce (0 of rhildren nrder Si' - 3 Youth illiteracy rate I% of lemne 15-24,' Illiteracy rate, adult femae (%of femae 15,)' Agr. GDP (vaIue added), annuat growth (I 980-98) -0 O Agr. GDP agr. worKer as 0 cs tota GDPR worker 34 35 36 Agr GDPO agr. worker, annual growh (1980-98) 3.9 Rural con-farm empnoymerit fBnpfoyees. agr, female (% of total abor force) 13 9 6 Errployees. servoces. femrTe (% of tota labor force) 58 64 69 Nor-agr. GDPinon-agr. worker($/peole) 20012 48679 64.619 Cereal yield (ilograrms per hectare) 4,843 5.846 5.832 Food production index (1989-91 = 1DC) 92 t0t 93 Livestokproductionridex( 98991=1 ) 86 100 95 Agr expors as percent ofpar avalue added 2 2 1.5 22 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic rwket Aocess to finnarce system per rura hous hold Gross oorrestic savngs (S n9llions; 332.027 980,335 1 255 727 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural abor force %of tota laor force) 11 7 5 Labor fore. fermae (%-of tota labor force) 38 40 41 Focd price irdex (1995=100) 77 94 103 Ilwrcnlu o Aooesstlymi Commutcotton Roads, normaized ireaex. 74 Roads paved (.). 69 75 Telephone mran ines (per 1 000 peopel)' 342 441 503 Radios (per 1 000 pope)' 678 898 955 Eiectric power consumpt on per capta (kvvh' 4.395 6.125 7241 Dalyrveopapers(per1 .00peope)' 567 587 578 Numaer ol post offices (rural) Twa wheelers (per 1,000popej' 102 146 l f3st*tiebdw98tWUwWtLfl Buo&n BasE Potentialy araole lands rura population (ha) 2 02 Freshwater withdrawals for a pgrt GDP (cr I m I ion $) 1.5 Freshwater wthdrawals for agr. (%oft ota) 50 Annuial deforestation 1990 95 '0- ohange) 01 Croplarnd potentially (non-marg nab) arable al d 65 Irrgatedlat eas ocropand 626 619 629 Cultivated and owily nservaion tochno ogles (. sitk-frdS hflfIa11 FiMmo:nutk Fare decentraization (snare of oca govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organ zat ons' so of communitv groups Locast g sprdingi centra govt. sperding Local tax revenues' Iord goet spending 118 Jordan 1980 1990 1998 Populaton (mi lions) 2 2 3 2 4 6 GDP ($ milfions) 3,962 4,020 7,393 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 2,030 1,330 1,150 Rural population (% of tota) 40 32 27 Life expectancy 64 68 71 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 89 89 89 Rutal Wetl-befhg Population below the poverty ne 1% rural) Morality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 41 30 27 Safe water, rural (% of rural popu at on with access) 65 Sanitat on, rural 1% of rural population with access) 61 . School enrollment, primary 1% gross)' 82 71 71 School enrollment, prmary, male 0! gross)' 82 71 70 Schoo enrollment, primary, female 1% gross)' 81 71 72 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2,660 2,720 2.800 Malnutr t on prevalence (°s of chOldren under 5)' . 6 5 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female t 5-24)' 14 4 1 Illiteracy rate adult female (°/ of female 15+)' 46 28 17 WoIwment In the RuraW EoaW Agr. GDP (va ue added), annual growth (1980-98) 4.9 Agr GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker 39 47 21 Agr. GDP; agr worker. annual growth (1980-98) 1 4 Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr., fema e (% of total labor force) . 4 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 93 92 87 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker 5$ipeoplel 8.585 5,309 5.966 Cereal yield (k eograms per hectare) 933 1,220 785 Food production Index (1989-91 = 100) 66 107 153 Livestock production mndex f1989-91 = 1001 51 94 165 evMopM i of Mats Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 76.4 39.2 66.9 Percent of agr. production sod in domestic market Access to inanoce system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ mi ions)' 303 42 283 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force I% of total labor force) 18 15 12 Labor force, fema e I)O of total labor force) 15 18 23 Food price ndex (1995=100) 43 81 119 fnproveterft of Aoeassbffly aend communlcsottn Roads, normalized index' 122 Roads paved O)' 100 100 Telephone ma n ines (per 1 000 people)* 28 58 86 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 252 238 287 Electric power consumplion per capila )kWh)' 387 959 1.196 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peop e)* 30 71 58 Number of post offices (rural I Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)t' 2 0 0 SustWrt* n le Margeren of the Natunal Resounre Base Potentially arable iand/ rural popularron fha51 00 Freshwater withdrawals for agr / agr. GDP (cm' mil ron $) 9 9 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) . ,. 75 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (2+ change) 2.5 Croplandr! potentially (non-marginal) arable land (°,) . ,, 4.771 Irrigated land as %cropand 11.0 18.6 192 Cultivated land with conservation technologres %o) Pll4-y and Intituio ti r 0< t t U < 0 0'" -" 'beNn §< '0 "i#' 0 t - t tj 0't -<^ t- t , tg t f i Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 ive births) 26 12 9 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) .. 77 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) . 100 School enrollment. prmary (%gross)' 110 tO5 94 School enrollment, primary, male (%gross)a 109 105 94 School enro ment, primary, female(% gross)' ttt 105 95 Per capita d etary energy supply (calories)' 3,120 3,220 3,240 Malnutrition prevalence (% of ch ldren under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate. (% of female 15-24)' 0 0 0 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15,)' 11 7 4 Agr. GDP (value added) annual growth (1980-98) 2.2 Agr GDP agr. worker as % of tota GDPi worker 39 47 44 Agr. GDPi agr. worher, annual growtn (1980 96) 7.1 Rural non farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 39 20 13 Employees. services, female (% of total labor force) 37 50 66 Non-agr GDP/non-agr worker ($/people) 5,478 14,375 14.943 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 4,056 5.853 6,100 Food product on index (1989-91 t I00) 72 102 121 Livestock product on index (1989-91 = 100) 54 101 162 Agr. exporns as percent of agr. value added 4.8 5.3 71 Percent of agr production sold in domestic marker Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ mil ions)' 14,768 92,326 108.371 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (° of total laeor force) 37 18 11 Labor force, female (1 of total labor force) 39 39 41 Food price index (1995=100) 37 72 117 Roads, normalized index' .. 135 Roads paved (hl' 72 75 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 71 310 433 Radios )per 1,000 peop e)' 944 1,011 1,033 Electric power consumption per capita kWVh)' 659 2,202 4,847 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 210 280 393 Number of post offioes (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 6 32 56 Potential y arable and/ rural population (ha) 02 Freshwater w thdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million S) 4.6 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) 46 Annuai detorestation 1990-95 (°% change) 02 Cropland' potentially (non-marginal) arable land (9/1) 116 Irrigated and as % cropland 59.5 63.8 60.4 Cultivated land with consenration technologies (0%) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations, no. of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spend ng Local tax reveanue locac govt. spending 124 Kuwait 1980 1990 1998 Population (mill ons) 1.4 2 1 1 9 GDP ($ millions) 28,639 18,428 25.171 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US$) 19.420 12,710 20,200 Rural population (% of total) 10 4 3 Life expectancy 71 75 77 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 19 18 t8 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortailty rate, infant (per 1,000 live b rths) 27 14 12 Safe water, rural l% of rural population with access) 100 100 100 Sanitation, rural (% of rura population with access) 100 100 100 School enroltment. primary )% gross)' 102 80 77 School enrollment, primary, male (%gross)* 105 62 79 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* 100 59 77 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories) 2.990 2,530 3.090 Malnutrition prevalence )% of children under 5)' . . 2 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* 22 13 8 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 1 5+)' 39 27 22 ,'b*nemstht RaEj Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 10 50 41 Agr. GDP: agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr , female 1% of total labor force) 0 1 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 97 98 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker t$Ipeopte) 58,460 20,671 39,646 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3,188 3,653 5 50 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 103 120 153 Livestock production index (1 989-91 = 100) 119 126 164 Del?eWpmeZ if Wihrkello Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 143 0 37.7 29.2 Percent of agr production sold ,n domestic marker Access to finance system per rurat householcd Gross domestc savings ($ millions)* 16,602 828 3.186 Agr. wage per agr. worker $i Rural labor force I% of total labor force) 2 1 1 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 13 23 31 Food price index (1995=100) 73 87 106 IfpflmotAOft*bWlyS tdC flttltlQtOf Roads, normalized indexs Roads paved (%/f). 73 81 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)' 114 247 236 Radios per 1,000 peopie)* 284 819 660 Electric power consumption per capita IkWh)' 4,749 6,875 12,886 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 222 252 374 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)* Sustirt#M Maeg nent il .f Natut RAs4uroe Dar Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr.' agr. GDP (cm,' milion $S 1 3 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 60 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% changel 0 0 Cropland, potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) Irrigated land as % cropland . 60 0 71.4 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) fAelfw illf "itwhamd FWWO*ta Fiscal decentralization (share of focal govt. expenditure). No of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt spendingi central govt spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 125 Kvrp Reublic 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 36 4.4 4.7 GDP ($ millions) 2,966 1,704 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 1,020 380 Rural population (% of total) 62 63 66 Life expectancy 65 68 67 Surface area (1 000 sq. km) . 199 199 Population below the poverty line (% rural) . 65 Mortality rate, infant (per t,000 live births) 43 30 26 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) - 42 Sanitat on, rural (% of rural population w1th access) . 31 School enrollment. pr mary (% gross)* t16 itl 104 Schoo enrollment, primary. mae (%gross)* 117 if1 106 School enrol ment, primary, female r% gross)' 114 111 103 Per capita dietary energy supply (caloriesl' 2.340 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* f 11 Youth illiteracy rate. (% of female 15-24)* Illiteracy rate, adult female (°/ of female 15+i' . . Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth if 980-98) -1.7 Agr. GDP! agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 122 152 Agr GDP/ agr worker, annua growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr. f emale (% of total labor torce) 33 49 Employees. services, female (% of total labor force) 44 38 Non-agr. GDPi non-agr. worker ($/people) . 1.091 694 Cereal y eld (kilograms per hectare) . 2.773 2 717 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 102 103 Livestock production index (1989-91 100) 93 75 Oqvetopawwto M8rt ueME Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 7.9 25,4 Percent of agr. production so d in domest c market Access to f nance system per rural household Gross domestic savnngs ($ millions)* 69 37 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force 1% of total labor force) 31 27 Labor force. female (% of total labor force) 48 46 47 Food price index (1 995=100) 3 195 Roads. normalized ndex. Roads paved (%°' 90 91 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 40 72 76 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 105 1 i2 E ectric power consumpt on per capita (kWh)' 1 556 1,900 1.372 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)t' 7 15 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* .I . 1 SutainebI8tif ttii Maaemn ci00 the20 I8(in teeauece d a W a m) Potentially arable and/ rural population (ha) 01 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm! million $) 556 6 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 95 Annual deforestation 1990 95 (% change) 0 0 Crop and, potent ally (non-marg nal) arable land (%) . . 610 Irrigated land as % cropland 763 75,4 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) t0ify0 and In Wt litai l; Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizat ons/ no. of commun ty groups Local goA spending central govt spending Local tax revenuel local govt. spending 126 Lao PDR :.: ;h . a . 000001"WI, MI 1980 1990 1998 Popu atlon (mil ions) 3 2 4 0 5 0 GDP ($ mrrions) . 865 1.261 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $j . 210 320 Rural population (% of total) 87 82 78 Life expectancy 45 50 54 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 237 237 237 RurM We4t-being Population below the poverty line 1% rurall - 53 Mortaity rate, infant (per 1,000 lIve birhs) 127 108 96 Sate water, rura I% of rura population with access) .. 25 39 Sanitation, rural (D/ of rural populaton wtrh access) .. . 13 School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 114 105 112 Schoo enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* 123 118 123 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 104 92 10t Per capita dietary energy supp y (calories) 2,060 2,150 2 110 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' 40 Youth iliteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)( 79 62 46 Iliteracy rate. adult female I% of female 15+)- 90 80 70 lmprovemer/f 6t the lifirl Ecotny Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 4 2 Agr GDPI agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker . 78 68 Agr. GDP) agr. worker, annial growth j193-981 1 8 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr , female (% of total labor force) 82 81 Employees, servces, female (iv of total abor force) 13 14 Non-agr GDP. non-agr worker ($/peoplel 752 1.028 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,422 2,268 2,668 Food production index (1 989-9t = 1 00) 72 t06 135 Livestock production index (t 989-9t = 100) 58 100 172 Agr exports as percent of agr value added .. 6.6 6.6 Percent of agr product on sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* . 29 299 Agr. wage per agr worker 1$) Rural labor force (% of total abor force) 80 78 77 Labor force, female (% of total labor torce) - Food price index !1995=1001 bepIaovrenent Of AcoesslblfDltfy un Comnurnleattarr Roads. normalized index* .. 122 Roads paved (%)' 24 14 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 peop e)* 2 2 6 Radios (per t,000 people)' 109 124 143 Electric power consumption per capita )kWhY. Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 4 3 4 Number of post ottices (rural) Two wheelers (per t 000 people)' 18 49 Sus9tainfble Mvagermnt of the Notfrati Reorce Sas Potentiay arable land' rural population (ha) 0 6 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 64 4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. I% of total) . , 82 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (°h change) Croplandr potentsa)y (non-marginal) arable fand e) . .. 35 Irrigated landas %"cropland 16.7 159 19.2 Cutiivated land wth cDonservation technologies ). . fPotoy tnai 885itnr Frameworrk Fiscal decentralizat on (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizationsi no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 127 Latvia 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 2.5 2.7 2.4 GDP I$ milions) . 12,490 6.396 GNP per capita. APas method iUS S) . 4,550 2,420 Rurar popu ation (r of total) 32 30 31 Life expecrancy 69 69 70 Surface area (.000 sq kmin 65 65 Rufral WelI-betf ; 0; ; : ; i i ; ; 0 ;. lng 0 $:tV00 Population below the poverty fine (% rural) Mortality rate. infant (pe' 1 000 I ve birthsl 20 14 15 Safe water. rural f° of rural population w th access) Sanitatior ural 7 of cural popu at on wth access) School enrollment. primary % grossr 102 94 96 Schofo enrollmerr. pri mary male !X gross)* 95 96 School earslrmenrt primary. female (% groSas,' 94 93 Per capita d etary energy supply (calores)' . .. 3.040 Malnutrition oresalence (°.6 of children under 5)* . . Youth literacy rate (o of female 15 24)' 0 0 0 Illiteracy rate. adult female (CR, of female t5+j' 0 0 0 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 15.8 Agr. GDP,agr. worker as 'oft otal GDP worker .. 110 33 Agr. GDP, agr. worker annual growth (1980 98) - Rral non-f a.m smemployment Empicyeesa agr., female I% of total iabor force) 14 12 18 Employees. services. female (1% of total labor force) 50 55 62 Non-agr. GDP non agr. worker (S people) 4,315 5,264 Cereal y e d (kitograms per hectaie) 1.643 2,049 Food production index (t989-91 - 100) 97 46 Livestock production ndex (1989-91 1t00) 88 37 Oevelopmet of Mairkets Agr. expons as percent of agr. va ue added 5 5 55,5 Percent of agi production sold kn domestic marker Access to finarce system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)- 49842 626 Agr. wage per agr worker i$S Rura labor force (% of totaf labor force) 15 13 Labor force, fema e (l of total labor force) 51 50 50 Food price index )1995=100) 0 115 Improverfent Of AAcCessibifity andCommuncation Roads. normalized index' . 176 Roads paved i0a' - 13 39 Telephone naini nes (per t 000 people) 162 234 302 Rad os 'per 1,000 people,' . 528 710 Electric power consusnption per capita (kWh)* 2 664 3.281 1, 758 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' . 75 247 Number of post offices irural) Two voheeiers (per 1 ,000 people' 76 8 Sustaablale Management of tife Natura Resource Bai ; Potentially arab e landg rural populatiorn (ha) 8.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm nmli on$. 0.6 Freshwater wrtrdrawals for agr (% of total) 14 Annua deforestation 1990-95 i% change) 0.9 Cropland, potent a ly ance marg nal) araole land (%i 32 Irrigated and as '. cropland . 1t2 l 1 Cust vated land with conservation technologies pU) Policy and osititUtional raw tr' Fiscal decentralization (share of ocan govt expenditure! No of farmers organizations,' 'o of community groups Local govt. spending; centrae govt spend ng Local tax revenue ocal govt. spending 128 Lebanon 1980 1990 1998 Populaton (millionsl 3 0 3.6 42 GDP ($ millions) 2,838 17.229 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 1,340 3,560 Rural population (% of total) 26 16 11 life expectancy 65 68 70 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 10 10 10 Rural Wetftbaing Population below the poverty line I% rural) . . Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 48 36 27 Safe water, rural (1O of rural population with access) 85 . 100 Sanitation. rural (% of rural popu at on with aocess) 18 100 School enrollment, primary (% grossl) ilt 118 111 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 116 121 113 School enrollment, primary, femae (%igross)* 108 116 108 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 2,720 3,240 3,260 Ma nutrit on prevalence (% of chi dren under 5)' 3 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 18 11 8 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)' 37 27 21 tmprowan tl the Rutal Econom: Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1 980-98) Agr GDP agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker . . 253 Agr. GDP, agr. worker, annual growth It 980-981 Rural non-farm employment . Employees, agr.. female (% of total labor force) 20 10 Emp oyees, semices, female (% of total abor force) 59 68 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/peoplel 1 14,651 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectarel 1 745 1,878 2 463 Food production index (989-91 = 100) 64 99 146 Livestock producton index (1989-91 = 100) 109 98 165 Devehopmner Markets Agr exports as percent of agr. value added . 7.7 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings I$ millions)' . -1,821 -2,208 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force )% of total labor force) 14 7 4 Labor force, female (%h of total labor force) 23 27 29 Food price index (1995=1001 f . rovimmilof Accemlttftty andf COmmMnlcalWon Roads, normalized indexu Roads paved 1%)' 95 95 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 113 118 194 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 749 884 906 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 789 369 1,930 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 97 88 107 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' . 13 13 SustnarIe _artgemet of ithe Nual Resoce Same Potentially arable land' rural population (ha) 0.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr..' agr GDP (cm/ million $1 5.1 Freshwater withdrawals tor agr I% of total) 68 Annual deforestaton 1990-95 ()/% change) 78 Cropland! potentially (non-marginal) arable and I%) . .. 1,808 Irrigated land as% crop and 28.6 28.2 38.0 Cu t vated land with consevation technologies 1%) Policy and trnfttut'tonat Framewrk F scal decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Loca govt spending centra govt spend ng Loca tax revenuei loca, govt. spend ng 129 Lesotho 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions} 1.3 1.7 2.1 GDP ($ millions) 368 622 792 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 440 560 570 Rural popuyaton (% of rotal) 87 80 74 Life expectancy 53 58 55 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 30 30 30 Population below the poverty line (° rural) 54 Mortality rate, infant (per 1.000 ve brths) 19 102 93 Safe water. rural ; of rural population with access) 14 64 Sanitataon. rural of rural population with access) 11 7 School enro Iment, pr mary (° grossS t104 112 108 School enroilment, primary. male I% gross)* 85 100 102 School enroilment primary, tenale (% grosst 122 123 114 Per capina dietary energy supply (ca ornes)' 2,250 2.260 2.100 Malnutrition prevalence ( a on chilren unoer 5' 16 16 Youth lIteracy rate. (tof female 15-24; 5 3 2 Illiteracy rate. adu t female (e% of female 1 5+)* 17 11 7 Agr. GOP (value added), annual growth 1980-98) 1.5 Agr. GDPi agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 51 34 26 Agr. GDP/ agr worker annual growth ('980-98h 0 7 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr. female It ot total labor force1 64 59 Emp oyees, services, female (t of total labor force) 31 36 Non-agr GDPi non agr. worker ($/people) 865 1,258 1,344 Cereal ye d (kilograms per hectare) 960 1.036 878 Food production index )t598991 = 100) 89 itt 100 Livestock production index (1989-91 - 100) 88 103 105 vlop4ihomt of Miarets Agr expons as percent of agr. value added 21,7 15.6 9 f Percent of agr product on sold n domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domest c sav ngs ($ m 11 ons) -218 -190 338 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 40 40 38 Labor force, female (C of total abor force) 38 37 37 hood price index it995t100) 15 52 1l1 limroent of Acceeistbllty and CommunicatIon Roads, normalized index' 118 Roadspaved(%) . 18 18 Telephone main nes (per 1 000 peop e)* 3 7 10 Radios (per I 000 peopler' 25 33 49 Electric power consumption per cap ta (kWh) Daily newspapers (per 1 000 people)' 33 12 8 Number of post offices (rural) Two wneelers (per 1.000 people)' 0 $uata,ntble Management of the Natural Resorc aae: Potentially arable land rural pops at on Iha) 0.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. agr GDP (cmi m lion $) 3.5 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. ( of tota i 56 Annual deforestation 1990 95 (% change) 0.0 Cropland" potentially (non-margina ) arab e land (°) 1.612 Irrigated eand as t cropland Cuativated land w to conservat on technologies (t. Fiscat decentralization 'share of lcac govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations no of community groups hoca govt spend ngX centra govt. spend ng Local tax revenue; local govt. spending 130 Liberia 1980 1990 1998 Populat on (mi lions) 1 9 2 4 3 0 GDP ($ milions) 1t117 1.202 GNP per capilta Atlas method i[iS $) 620 Rural popularon l% of tolal) 65 58 56 L fe expectancy 51 45 47 Surface area (1.000 sq km) l111 il r Rural Well-beting Population below the poverty line (D, rriral ) Mortality rate, infant tper 1 000 ivo birthuf 153 168 114 Safe water, rural (% of rura popu ation with access) . 25 8 Samntabon, rural iN Of rural populatfon vwrn access) . 2 School enro Iment, pr mary (% grossly 48 School enrolttert pyrmary, male (N grossy' 61 .. School enro nmest pr mary, female (S, gross;' 35 Per capita dietary energy supp y (caloriesr Malnutr ion prevalence i% of chiloren under 5)' Youth il ileracy rate, VS-s of female 15 24E 74 60 48 literacy rate, adult femae l% of temale 15-)' 86 77 66 Improverent In the Rural Economy Agr. GDP ivalue added), annual growth ( 988-98) Agr. GDP; agr worker as S% of total GDP/ worker 42 Agr. GDPi agr worker annual grow-th (1 980-981 Rural non-farm employment Empioyees agr . fema e ai at total labor force) 89 84 Employees aervices, temaie l,Ot total labor force) 10 16 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker (S people) 4,073 Cereal yield ps lograms per hectare) t ,234 925 1E293 Food production irrdex t 989-91 = 100) Lvestockproduction index (1989-91 = 100) Vevelopnent of Markets Agr exports as percent ot agr va ue added 274 Percenr of agr. production sod in domestic marset Access to tinance system per rural household . Gross domestic savings ($ millonsr; 305 Agr wage per agr. scrker l$) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 76 72 69 Labor force, female (°iN of total abor force) 38 39 40 Food price index (1t995=tO0) Improvement of Aceassibiflly atnd Communieation Roads, normalized index* Roads paved (%01 6 6 Telephone mainlines (per 1 000 people)' 4 4 2 Radios (per 1.000 peopneV 179 225 274 Elecrric power consumption per capita (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peope)r 6 14 12 Number of post otfices (rtra I Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)' Sustainabte Management of the Natural Resource Base Potentialty arable (ancd rural populat on (ha) 1.8 Freshwater withdrawals tor agr, agr GDP (cm; million $) Freshwater withdrawa s tor agr iNO of tota18 60 Annual deforestat on 1990-95 (I change) Cropland/ potentllaly (non-margina ) arab e land (Sop 14 Irrigated land as %o cropland 0 5 0 6 0 6 Cu)irvated and with conservation technologies (i Policy ernd Institutional Fraerwork Fiscal decentralization (share of ocal govt expenditure) No of tarmers organrzationsl no of comrnunity groups Loca govt spending. central govt spending Loca tax revenue ocal gcpt spending 131 Libya 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 3.0 4.4 5.3 GDP S millions) 35,545 21,864 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 10,460 5,670 Rural population (% of total) 31 18 13 Life expectancy 60 68 70 Surface area (1 000 sq. kmi 1,760 1,760 1,760 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 70 33 23 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 9S Saritat on, rural (% of rural population wth access) 75 Schoo enrollment, primary (%gross)' 125 105 Itt School enrol ment, primary, male (% gross)* 129 109 110 School enrollment primary, female l% gross)' 121 102 Itt Per capita dietary energy supply (calores)' 3.430 3,250 3, 170 Matnutrifian prevalence (% of children under 5' . s Youth lliteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 39 17 8 Illiteracy rate. adult temale (% of female 1 5+i) 70 49 35 Agr GDP (value added). annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of tota GDP worker 6 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1 980 98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female I% of tots abor force) 63 28 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 34 68 Non agr. GDP non-agr worker ($!peopler 49,418 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 387 674 842 Food production index t 989-91 = 100) 85 t00 130 Livestockproduction index (1989-91 100) 71 103 131 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 0.0 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to f nance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ milions)* 20,209 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rurar labor force M of total sabor force) 25 rt1 7 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) r 9 t 8 22 Food price index (1995=1 00i lmpIfrovtnto fA Y d ffiu2w if rtS Roads, normalized ndex' Roads paved (%)' 52 57 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 28 48 84 Rados(per 1,000 people)' 158 224 233 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 1 588 3,804 3,505 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* is 16 14 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 0 Potentially arable landi rural population (ha) 02 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ m 11 on S) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. % of total) 87 Annual deforestation t990 95 (% change) 0.0 Cropland' potent al y (nor-marginal) arable land %) 1,068 Irrigated land as % cropland 10.8 22.3 22.2 Cultivated land with consenvation technologies (%) F sca decentra ization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Loce govt. spending/ central govt. spending Loca tax revenue-' ocal govt. spend ng 132 Liechtenstein 1980 1990 1998 Populat on (millions) . 0 0 GDP ($ millions) GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) Rural population (% of total) L.fe expectancy Surface area (1,000 sq. km) a 0 0 luratl WelZtbeitng Popu ation below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per t 000 I ve births) Safe water, rural (%v of rural population with access) Saritation, rural (lv of rural popuilation with accesst School enrollment. primary (% gross)* School enrollment, primary, ma e (l% gross)' School enrollment, pr mary, female (% gross)' Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' Youth iliteracy rate, (0/ of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate. adult female (lv of female 15+)' trmprovemrent In the Rural tconrr Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1 980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker Agr GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) Employees, services. female (% of total labor force) Non-agr GDP/ non-agr. worker ($,people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production Index (1989-9t = 100) 68 rO 91 Livestock production index (1989-91 t 100) 68 100 91 Deveopmet of Markets Agr exports as percent of agr value added Percent of agr production sold in domesic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domesxtc savings ($ m lions)' Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (9. of total labor force) Labor force. female (% of total labor force) Food price index (1995=100) mprovemrnt of AccsasDibtty and CommUnrcatlo Roads, normalized index* Roads paved (%)' Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 398 572 630 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 516 657 669 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' Sustainable Managemn at te Ntlural flesource Base Potentially arable land' rural population (ha) Frevhvwatr withdrawals for agr.i agr. GDP (cm/ mirion $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Croplando potentially (non-marginal) arable lano (ho) Irrigated land as 9v cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%.) POULVc 1rdtilntitution Frework Fscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizatons/ no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 133 Lithuania 1980 1990 1998 Populat on imillions) 34 3.7 3,7 GDP l$ mill ons) 13.264 10,736 GNP per capita, At as method uS $) 3,400 2,540 Rural population (% of total) 39 32 32 Life expectancy 71 71 72 Suface area (1,00 sq km) 65 65 Rural Well-being Populatron be ow the poverty lire (°n: rural) Mortalty rate nfant (per 1000 iveb rths 20 10 9 Safe water rural i 5. o0 riural popu a' on wth accessi San tation. rura (°, of rural population witl accessi School enrollment, primary i% gross) 79 9t 98 Schoor enolmert pri vary, male . gross)' 7 9 93 100 School enrollment pr mary female (°hgross)' 79 88 96 Per cap ta dietary ene'gy supply (ca onesv 3 030 Malnutrition preva ence (oo of children under 5)6 Youarh illiteracy rate. "'.i/ of female 1 5 24) 0 0 0 Illiteracy rate, adult female 1% ot fenoa e 1 5t- 2 1 l Improvenent in fthe Rural Economy Agr GDP (vaJue added), annual growth (tI980-98 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as °% of total GDPR worker 76 68 Agr. GDP' agr. worker. annual growth (t 980-98) Rurae -on tarm emplcymrent Emp oyees. agr.. femaie (e of total labor force' 29 13 18 Employees. services femaleo of to-al labor force) 41 53 61 Non agr GDP non agr worker ($/peopie) 6.140 5.864 Cereal yield (kilograms per noctare) 1 938 2 464 Food productiorn ndex (1989 91 = '0] 96 66 Livestock production ndex1 989591 1230 91 5 Development of Markewts Agr exports as percent of agr. va ue added 13 5 592 Percent of agr product on sold n domestic market Access to finarice system per rural household Gross domestic saeings (S millions) 3190 1 3'9 Agr wage per agr. worKer ($1 Rural abor force (% of total labor forcef 17 13 Labor torce. female (ir of tota labor force! 5c 48 46 Food price index (1995=100i . 137 m fro rmt of AeiIltyand ommuntfrilon Roads, norrtalized index' 274 Roads eored ,' 82 9 r Telephone man nes (pert ,00 peop o' t15 212 300 Radios (per 1 000 people)' 407 513 Electric power consumption per caprta (kWh) 2715 3.228 16)6 Da ly newspapers (per 1,000 peop,er' 215 93 Number of post offices (rura i Two whee ers (per 1 000 people1' 52 5 SustainableMaMnaemient of Ile Natural Resource Base Potent a ly arable and. rura popu atico (ha) 5,5 Freshwater w thdrawa s for agr " agr. GDP (cmi mi ion S' 0.1 Freshwater wethdrawa s for agr. (°. of totae 3 Annual deforestation '990-95 (° change) 36 Croplanu potential y (non-marginali arable land r 55 rr gated land as t cropland 03 o 3 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Policy and lnsfituilona :ne Fenwork fiscal decenrariization (share of local govtn ependituret No of farmers organizations" no ol community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt spend og Local tax revenueo local govt spending 134 Luxemboura 1980 1990 1998 Population (millionsi 0 4 0 4 0 4 GDP ($ millions) 5,091 10,743 17,386 GNP per cap)ta, Atlas method (US $r 16.590 32120 45100 Rural population 1 % of total) 21 14 9 Life expectancy 73 75 77 Surface area (1,000 sq km) Rural Well-being Population below the poverty line I% rural) . .. Monality rate infant (per 1,000 live birnhs) 12 7 4 Safe water, rural (% of rural populabon with access) Sanitation, rural (% of rural population w th access) . 100 School enrollment, primary (% grossI- 87 91 99 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 88 87 School enrollment, primary. female (% gross)' 87 94 Per cap ta dielary energy supply calories)' . Malnutrition prevalence I% of children under 5-' Youth iliteracy rate, (% of female 15-241' Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)' itprroVwent i tIrhe Ruwal E ronor Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr GDP, agr worker as %O of toral GDP, worker Agr. GDP/ agr worker, annuai growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr., female °/OS of total labor force) 3 Employees, services female (% of total labor force) . 89 Non-agr GDP, non-agr worker ($1people) - Cereal y e d (kilograms per hectare) Food production index 11989-91 = 100) Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) DevWopenerl ef Markets Agr exports as percent of agr. value added Percent of agr producton sold .n domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ mionsar 908 3,1 97 6,500 Agr wage per agr. worker ($S . .. Rural labor force (OS of total labor force) Labor force, female 1% of total labor force) 32 36 37 Food price ndex (1995=100) 93 104 improvmehnt of Acessibil8t and Comrrunioation Roads, normalized index' ' . Roads paved (O)' 99 100 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people) 362 481 692 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 549 629 681 Electric power consumpbon per capita (kWhli' 9,803 10,806 12,183 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 370 374 325 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 9 21 SustainabliwMana entofthe o atu rai Reasourwo Base Potentially arable land' rural population (ha) . . 1.5 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million $1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland' potent ally (non-marginal) arable land (%I Irrigated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) . . Potlrfj and Irnsttuttatl Frarnework Fiscal decentralization (share of loca govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations' no of commun ty groups Local govt spending,' central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 135 Macao, China 1980 1990 1998 Populiation (mil ions) 0.3 0 4 0 5 GDP ($ millions) 1.353 3,536 6,784 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) Rural population (% of total) 2 1 1 Life expectancy 72 76 78 Surface area (1,000 sq. kw) 0 0 0 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate. infant (per 1,000 live birnhs) 22 10 6 Sate water, rufal (% of rural popuiation with access) Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 99 School enrollment, primary. mae I% gross)> .. 101 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* 96 Per capita dietary energy supp y (calories)' 2790 2 730 2.950 Malnutrition prevalence i% ot children under 5)' Youth lliteracy rate (% of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15v)' Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1 980-98) Agr GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker Agr. GDP agr. worker, annual growth (f 380-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 4 0 0 Employees, setvices female I% of total labor force) 32 49 67 Non-agr GDP/ non agr. worker ($SpeOp e) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production index (t989 91 - 100) 104 tO0 122 Livestock production indexs(t 989-91 t100) 100 100 117 Agr. exports as percent ot agr value added Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millrons)' 2,112 4,047 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force i% of total labor lorce) 6 0 0 Labor force, female (% of total labor forcer 36 41 42 hood price index (1995=1 00) Improvemnt OiACCS*1 tY t * wbC96uJcto Roads, normalized index' Roads paved (%)' 100 100 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 62 255 409 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 331 329 362 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)y 278 645 454 Number of post offices (rura I Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)* 6uXttnabJi WiffaemLffnffigt XQ the Nitural fteQ urce 8ase0g0000 Potentially arable landi rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr/ agr GDP (cm/ m 11 on S) Freshwater withdrawals tor agr (1% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland, potentially (non-marginal) arable land Irrigated land as %/ cropland Cu t vated land wth conservation tecnnologies (%) PiOlic aIdIstttlOil ,rmwr Fiscal decentralization (share o1 local govt expenditure) No of farmers organizationsi no of commun ty groups Local govt. spending' central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 136 Macedonia, FYR 1980 1990 1998 Population (m 11 ons) 1 9 1 9 2 0 GDP IS mil ons) . 2635 2,492 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $i 1,290 Rural population 1% of total) 47 42 39 Life expectancy 72 73 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 26 26 fural Weal-belng Population below the poverty lire (% rural) Morta Ity rate, infant (per 1.000 live birthsl 54 32 16 Safe water, rural f% of rural population with access) Sanrtation, rural (% of rural populaton with accessl 9 r 3 School enrollment. primary (% gross)* 1O0 99 99 School enrollment, primary, ma e 6'o gross) . 100 100 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 99 98 Per capita dietary energy supply (calor es)' ''3'0 Malnutrit on prevalence (% of ch Idren under 5)* Youth 1ll teracy rate, (% of female 15 -24)' lllteracy rate, adult female )% of female 15r* Improemvent la the Rutral Economy Agr GDP (value added) annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP; agr. worker as th of total GDP; worker 69 90 Agr. GDP/ agr worker annual growth (r 980-98i Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr. female (35 of total labor force) 47 23 6 Employees, services, temale (°h of total abor force) 30 36 51 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) . 3.268 2,833 Cereal yied (kilograms per hectare) 2 652 3,232 Food production Index 11989-91 = 100) 102 97 Livestock production index (1989-9r = - OO 89 84 Develoinent of jat M ets Agr exportsaspercentofagr valueadded 82t1 161.7 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finafice system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millons)' 389 177 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force 1% of loral labor force) . 20 14 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 36 40 41 Food price index (1995=100) 0 t04 lMprovetent of Acceaslslity and Commurdeatton Roads. normalized ndexv 52 Roads paved 1%)' . 59 64 Telephone mainlines (per 1 000 people) 148 199 Rados (per 1,000 people;' 190 2D0 Electric power consumption per capita JkWhfl Da ly newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 29 21 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)' Suaaneble Manarnent of the Oatural Resource Baae Potent ally arable land' rural population (ha) 0e2 Freshwater withdrawats for agr,/ agr GDP (cm/ miuion $i Freshwater withdrawals for agr i% of total) Annual deforestat on 1990-95 (% changel ° ° Croplanor potentially (non-marg nal) arable land 1%1 383 Irrigated lano as ', cropland . 12 t 84 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Policy anrd InsitItutional Franework Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt spending. central govt spending Local tax revenuel local govt spending 137 Madaciascar 1980 1990 1998 Population (mi lions) 8.9 11.6 14.6 GDP ($ millions) 4.042 3.081 3,749 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 450 240 260 Rural population (% of total) 82 77 72 Life expectancy 51 55 58 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 587 587 587 Population below thte poverty Ine (h rural) . . 77 Moral ty rate, infart (per 1,000 live births) 119 103 92 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) fO San tation. rural )% of rural populat on with access) 3 School enrol ment. primary f% gross)' 130 103 92 School enrollment, primary, male )% gross)' 131 103 92 School enrollment. pr mary. female M% gross)* 129 103 91 Per capita dietary energy supply calories)* 2.410 2,130 2,010 Ma nutr tion prevalence (% of chi dren under 5)' .. 41 40 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15 24)* 45 33 25 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)^ 61 50 42 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 2.1 Agr. GDPi agr. worker as % of total GDP/w orker 33 38 37 Agr. GDP agr. worker, annual growlth (1980 98) -0 3 Rural non-farm emp oyment Employees, agr, female (% of total labor force) 93 88 Employees, sewices, female (% of total labor force) 5 9 Non-agr. GDP non-agr. worker I$!people) 3,664 1 700 1,484 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1.682 1,945 1,875 Food production index (1989-91 - 100) 86 100 109 Livestock production index (1989-91 100) 89 100 107 Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 23.5 19.3 8.9 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural nousehold Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 58 193 200 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force r of rota soo torfce) 82 78 75 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45 45 45 Foodpriceindex(1995=100) 7 34 131 "A fOtAft6IiilIfmmUiti 'n6 SEVN0600004 I:: ;:j:5:0Iti:Et0t00 Roads, normal zed index . 140 Roads paved (1%)' 15 12 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 2 2 3 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 184 190 192 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 6 4 5 Number of post offioes (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Sustinbt Maagemnt f te MtualS 00 0 Rj;oum Base:0};000iS l (l Potentially arable land rural population (ha) 1.3 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.! agr GDP (cm/ m 11 on $) 520 3 Freshwater w thdrawals tor agr. (% of total) . 99 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.8 Crop and/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) . 21 Irrigated and as % cropland 21.5 322 35 1 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Pol 6y an lit ,l,jl jtramewisk Fiscal decentralization (share ot local govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations,, no. of commun ty groups Local govt. spending/ central govu. spending Loca tax revenue/ oca govt, spend ng 138 Malawi 1980 1990 1998 Population (m lions) 6 2 8.5 10 5 GDP($ m Ilons) 1,238 1,803 1,688 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 190 190 210 Rural populat on (% ot total 91 87 78 Life expectancy 44 45 42 Surfacearea(1,000sq. km) 118 118 118 Rural Weltf-let- Popu ation below the poverty line (% rural .. . Mornaty rate, infant (per 1,000 live binns) 169 135 134 Safe water. rural (%/O of rural population with access) 44 Sanitat orn rural 1% of rural population with access) . 51 School enrolmenrt, prirtary (% gross)' 60 68 134 Schoo enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* 72 74 140 School enrollment, primary. female (% gross)' 49 62 127 Per cap ta d etary energy supply (calories)' 2,280 1.980 2.000 Malnurrition prevalence 1% of children under 57 24 28 30 Youth illiteracy rate, h% of female r 5-24)* 60 49 41 Iliteracy rate, adult female (0/. of female 15+)* 73 64 56 fmprovement In tie Aural &'onomy Agr GDP (va ue added), annual growrs (1 980-98) 3 8 Agr. GDPi agr. worker as % of total GDPi worker 45 46 40 Agr GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) r 2 Rural non farm employment . Employees, agr female (% of total labor force) 96 96 Employees, services, female (% of total labor torce) 3 3 Non-agr. GDPi nor-agr worker fSpeople) 1,895 1,766 1,394 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,187 992 1.317 Food production index (1989-9r = 1t00) 89 97 116 livestock prodctson odex (1989.91 -100) 75 100 120 Developrment of Mtarkets Agr exports as percent of agr value added 50.1 52.0 43 3 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to f nance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millons)* 133 174 6 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force P% of total labor force) 87 87 84 Labor force. femaie 1% of total labor force) 51 50 49 Food price index( 995=1 00) 5 20 157 Improvement of Aocoosbitity and CommitnntAtlon Roads, normalized irdex' . 202 Roads paved (%) 22 19 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 peopleY 2 3 3 Radios (per 1,000 peopteY 186 244 249 Electric power consumpt on per capita (kWh)' Daily newspapers Iper 1 000 peoplep 3 3 3 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 peopie)* 2 .. Suafthiable Mhanagemnt of the Natural Resouroe Base Potentially arable land/ rural populataon (ha) 0 6 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.i agr. GDP cmr m,lilon $) . 48 1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of totaul - - 86 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (0/ change) 1 6 Croplandi potential y (non-marginall arable land %) . 33 Irrigated land as % cropland 1A.4 2 1.6 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) PbIcy andr Institutional Frarewotk Fiscal decentralization (share of loca govt. expend[ture) No. of farmers organizations' no of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue! locas govt spending 139 Malaysia 1980 1990 1998 PopJatio (mNhioes1 13.8 18.2 22.2 GDP ($ mil ions) 24,488 42,775 72.489 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $p 1,800 2,330 3.670 Rural population (% of total) 58 50 44 Life expectancy 67 71 72 Surface area (t,000 sq. km) 330 330 330 Rjural Well-big ~~~-~~I~ Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, intart (per 1,000 live birthsj 30 16 6 Safe water. rural l/ ot rural population with access) 74 86 Sanitat on, rural i% of rural popu ation with accessf 8t 89 School enrolment primary (% gross) 93 94 1t1 School enrollment, primary, male (% grosse' 93 94 10t Schoo enrollment. primary, female i% gross)' 92 94 tO1 Per capita dietary energy supply (calor es)* 2,720 2,710 2.790 Malnutrition prevalence (o of children under 51' 25 20 Youth ill teracy rate, (/ of female t5-24)( 12 6 3 11 teracy rate. adult female (% of female t5+)' 37 25 18 mrp irioement In te: Rural Econoim y 0 : i : A 0 < z : : 2 ; Agr. GDP (value added), annual gromth (1980-98) 2,9 Agr GDP" agr. worker as % of tota GDP/ worker 54 68 65 Agr. GDP agr. worker. annual growth (3980-98) 3.9 Pural non farm employment Employees, agr. female ( offtotae labor force) 43 25 14 Employees. services, female (% of total labor force) 36 47 56 Non-agr GDP/ non-agr. worker (S,people) 6,100 6,596 8749 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 2,836 2,847 2,957 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 56 100 123 Livestockproduction index (989-91 =100) 42 100 149 Agr. exports as percent o' agr. vasue added 53 8 54 4 64 6 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ mil icns)- 8,062 t5,253 35.144 Agr. wage per agr worker l$) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 41 27 20 Labor force, female (S of total abor force) 34 36 37 Food price ndex (19951 00) 70 80 120 Roads, normalized index' Roads paved i(°° 70 75 Telephone mainfines (per 3,000 peop e)r 29 89 198 Radios (per 1 000 people)' 411 432 420 Electric power consurs ption per capita (kWh)' 630 1.096 2,352 Daily newspapers (per t,000 peopler' t9 110 158 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per t,000 people)' 101 167 200 Sustainable Magenth of the Naurl tiesource 0 Ease 0 if 03:0;000tt;000 t0S0f:0f Potent a Iy arab e land, rural population (ha) 0.2 Fresnwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 13.3 Freshwater withdrawacs for agr. ( of total) 47 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (change) 2.4 Cropland, potentia ly (non marginal arable land ( 445 Irr gated Jand as C/ croplaued 6 7 4 9 4.5 Cultivated land with conservation technologies i °) Fiscal decentralization (share of local goet. expendittre) No of fai mers organizations/ no of commun ty groups Local govt. spend ngi centra govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 140 Maldives 1980 1990 1998 Popu ation (m lions) 0.2 0.2 0.3 GDP ($ millons) 42 146 368 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 610 1,130 Rural population I% of total) 78 74 74 Life expectancy 56 62 67 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 0 0 0 Rest Wetbettng Population below the poverty me 1% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live birhs) 99 60 31 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 17 86 Sanitation, rural I% of rural population with access) .. . 26 School enrollment, primary 1% gross)* 146 129 128 School enrollment. primary, male (% gross)' 130 130 School enrollment, primary. female (% grossa . 127 127 Per capita dietary energy supply Icalories) 2,140 2,350 2,430 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children trnder 5)* 56 43 Youth illiteracy rate. (% of female t5-24)* 4 2 1 Illiteracy rate, adu t female (° of female 195+P 10 6 4 irtowemrnent in the Rurtaicononw Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr GDP/ agr. worker as % ot total GDP/ worker 72 68 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-981 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., femafle (D/ of total sabor force) 38 28 Employees, servioes, female (P of total abor force) 10 21 Non-agr GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) . 2,270 3.536 Cereal y.eld (kilograms per hectare) 850 1.000 4,400 Food production index (1t989-91 = 100) 81 104 115 Livestock product on index 1989-91 = 1001 75 100 108 O'evsbpmst of mwkeis - Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 0.0 0.0 Percent ot agr. production sold in domestc market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millionsal 2 37 Agr wage per agr. worker ($I R1ural labor force (% of total labor force) 50 33 24 Labor force, female 1% of total labor force) 38 42 43 Pood price Index (1995=1 001 Improvement of Accessibility and CoitrunicatIon Roads, normalized index Roads paved (%Pu Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people) 9 29 71 Radios (per 1 000 people)* 82 118 125 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1,OO people) 6 14 20 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* 15 23 Sustainable Mangeomentr of the Naeteras Resource Base Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawais for agro. agr GDP acmi miilon $) . 00 Freshwater w thdrawa s for agr. ()/ of total) Annual deforestataon 1990-95 (% change) Cropland, potentialy (non-marginal) arable land (°)P Irrigated land as % cropland Culaivated land with consenabron technologies r%) Policy and nstitufoAtor FRgsmwot Fiscal decentralization (share of ocal govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations, no. of community groups Local govt spending' central govt. spend ng Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 141 Mali 1980 1990 1998 Populatror (rnilionns 66 85 10 .6 GDP l$ millions) 1,787 2.421 2,695 GNP per capita, At as method (US $) 270 270 250 Rural population (% of total) 82 76 71 Life expectancy 42 48 50 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 1,240 1,240 1.240 flurelWelben Populat on below the poverty line e% rura ) Monal ty rate, infanrt (per 1,000 live births) 184 1 36 117 Safe water, rural (% of rural population wth access) . 35 Saniration, rural of rural population with access) 21 School enrollment, primary (% gross)* 26 27 49 School enro Iment, pr mary, male (% gross)' 34 34 58 School enro Iment pr mary, female (% gross)' 19 19 40 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 1,770 2.060 2 050 Mainutr r on prevalence (% of ch Idren under 5)' . 27 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of fema e 15-24)' 82 63 44 Illiteracy rate adult female (% oft emale 15-)' 92 81 69 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980 98) 3,7 Agr GDP agr. worker as % of total GDP worker 49 51 49 Agr. GDP agr worker, annual growth (I 980-98) 1 9 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr . female ()% of total labor force) 92 89 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 7 9 Non agr. GDP non agr worker ($Speoplei 2 598 2. 149 '.705 Cereal yield (iklograms per hectare) 726 940 1 069 Food production index t1989-91 = 1 00 76 100 116 Livestock production index (1989-91 I100) 93 99 '18 Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 376 23.5 276 Percent of agr. production sod in domestc market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic sav ngs ($ m lions)' 19 155 27r Agr. wage per apr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 89 86 82 Labor force, female (% of total labor forcef 47 47 46 Food price index (1995=100) Imrvm ent of A sgnIbflttrtSla8S;k:r0Stf andX COomup: at Roads. normalized index' 71 Roads paved 1%)' 11 12 Telephone mainlines iper 1.000 people) 1 1 3 Radosn(per 1,000 people)' 16 47 54 Electric power corsumption per capita (kWh)' DaiOy newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 1 1 1 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 peoplef' SuJstatInableMangement o te t4etluim l Reeur E:sene 0;00d VJ$i:i Potentialy arable laid, rural population (ha) 1 8 Freshwater withdrawals for agr agr. GDP (cm/ mill on $! 49.0 Freshwater withdrawa s for agr. (Ic of total) - 97 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 1 0 Croplandx potentially (non-margina arab e lard (%) 25 Irrigated land as % cropland 2.9 3.7 1 8 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) F scal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations' no. of community groups Local govt, spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ ocal govt. spending 142 Malta 1980 1990 1998 Population (milions) 0.4 0.4 0 4 GDP ($ milfions) 1.135 2,312 3,471 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 3,370 6,880 10,100 Rural populabon (% of total) 17 12 10 Life expectancy 73 75 77 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 0 0 0 "twat Weilbetng Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, fneant (per 1 000 live births) 15 9 6 Safe water, rura P% of rural population with access) . . 100 Sanitation. rural (0/ of rural popu aton with access) .. 100 School enrollment, primary ()%gross)* 114 110 108 School enrollment primary, male (%gross)* 115 112 108 School enrolment. prmary, female (°/,gross) 112 108 107 Per capita dietary energy supply (calornes)* 3,260 3,320 3.350 Malnutriton prevalence (% of children under 5)' . . . Youth illiteracy rate, (15 of female 15-24)' 3 1 0 Iliteracy rate, adult female (% of female 1 5-)' 16 11 8 Improvemiet Itn the Rurl Econoy Agr GDP (value added), annua growth (1980-98) Agr GDP. agr worker as %1of total GDP' worker 40 132 126 Agr. GDP/ agr worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non farm employment Employees agr., female f% of total labor force) 3 2 Employees, services, female (% o0 total labor force) 51 64 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($,people) 10,152 17,788 18,114 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3,196 3,500 3 000 Food production Index )1989-91 = 100) 81 96 125 Livestock production index (1 989-91 =- 00) 69 98 127 Deeleopment of Maorets Agr exports as percent of agr va ne added 573 50 6 55.4 Percent of agr. production sold in domest c market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 217 456 611 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (°/ of tota labor force) 8 2 2 Labor force. female (% of total abor force) 21 25 27 Food price Index (1995-1O0) Improvement of Acesstbittr and Cormnlatlon Roads, normalized Index' Roads paved (%) - 95 Telephone mariries (per 1,000 peopre)' 158 360 499 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 509 523 673 Electric power consumpton per cauita )kWhl' 1,363 2,569 3,627 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 165 152 t29 Number of post offices (rura r Two wheelers (per 1,000 peop e)' 21 30 Sustlnable Managfmen t Of the Natat Reaource Ba5e Potentbaly arable land,' rura populabon (ha) 0.3 Freshwater w thdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 0.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of tofal) Annual deforestat on 1990-95 (% change) Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) 106 Irrigated land as % cropland 7.7 7 7 18.2 Cultivated and with conservation technologies (%I. PWlicy and Instltutatoaf Ftamework Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expend ture) No. of farmers orgarnzationsn no of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt spending Local sax revenue/ local govt spend ng 143 Marshall Islands 1980 1990 1998 Population (milions) 0.0 0.0 0.1 GDP (S millionsi 27 69 97 GNP per capita, Atas metnsd (US ) 1.710 1,540 Rural population (°/r of iotani 42 34 29 Life expectancy Surface area (1.000 sq. km) Rural Weil-being Population below the poverry ne (° rural) Msota ity rate. iranlt per 1.0001 ve bi"ts Safe water. rural (° of rural population with access) 33 Sanitat on. rural (i of rufat populat on with access) 57 School enrollment. orirmary (7 gross)' School enrollment pr mary. male (f gross! Schoo enrollnent. primary female (C grossp Per capita oietary energy supp y (calories)* Malnutr t on prevalence (. of cli ldren under 50 Youth i literacy rate, (° of fema e t 524)' IlIl teracy rare. adult female '% of temale 150).. llnwrovment in the Rural Ezornomy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (t980-98) Agr. GDPi agr. worker as '5, of total GDP worker Agr GDP agr worker. annua growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm errployment Employees. agr. female (% of tota abor force) Emoloyees services fema e (. of total labor force) Non agr. GDP; non-agr. worker (5ipeople) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production ndex (1 989091 - t 00) Livestock produciorn index it989 9t = 100) Developmnent of Markets Agr. exports as percent of agr value added Percent of agr production sold in domestrc marKet Access to finance system per rura household Gross donrestic savmgs 9$ millons)- Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force It of total labor force, Labor force female ( e.,of ctra labor force) Food price ndex (1995=100) Improvement of Accessibility and Communicellon Roads norma ized ndex' Roads paved ' Telephone mainl nes (per 1 000 people)' 11 62 Radios (pe' 1 000 people)' Electr c power consunmption per cap ta (kWh) Daily newspapers (per 1 000 people`- Number of post off ces (rural) Two wheelers (per t 000 people1* Sustainable ME agemrenlt ofthe Natural Resour ase Potentially arable land, rura. population (ha) Freshwater wthorawals for agr, agr. GDP cm mi ion $) Freshwater withdrawals cr agr. . of total) Annual deforestat on 990-95 ( change) Cropland potential y non-marginal) arabie land (%) Irrigated lanid as % cropland Cultivated and with conservation technologies '%) Policy and Insfitutional Framework Fiscal decentralization (share of ocal govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations. no. ot community groups Local govt. spending centra govt spending Local tax revenUe local gopa spending 144 Mauritania 1980 1990 1998 Population (m ions) 1 6 2.0 2.5 GDP($ millions) 814 1,135 989 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 540 540 410 Rural population % of total) 73 57 45 L fe expectancy 47 5t 54 Surface area (t,000 sq. km) 1,026 t026 1,026 Rural Wel4al-ntg Population below the poverty line I% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1.000 live births) 120 105 90 Safe water, rural I% of rural population with access) .. 69 41 Sanitation, rura; (% of rural population with access) .. 18 19 Scnool enrol ment, primary (% gross)' 37 49 79 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* 48 56 84 Schoo enrollment, primary, female 1% gross)' 26 41 75 Per capita dietary energy supply (calor es)' 2. t 20 2,560 2,580 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' 48 23 Youth illiteracy rate, (°h of fema e 15-24)E 72 65 60 Illiteracy rate, adult female I% of female 1 5,)' 79 74 69 ImP1rowmn it Om Rural EOtOtOMt Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth 11980-981 2.8 Agr. GDP; agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 35 43 42 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker. annual growth (1980-98) 2 1 Rural non-farm employment . Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 79 63 Employees, senices, fema e (% of total labor force) 19 34 Non-agr GDR'non-agr worker ($people) 2,871 2,123 1,455 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 422 870 809 Food production Index (1989-91 = 100) 87 100 103 Livestock production index (1989-91 -100) 90 102 100 Devetfp. oft d rtol Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 18.1 16.1 16.7 Percent ot agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings I$ millions)' -25 50 79 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor torce (% ot total labor torce) 71 55 53 Labor force, femnale 1% of total labor force) 45 44 44 Food price Index (1995=100) ltlwovemetit of Acfsmib8ity and Caomtwnicuttr Roads, normalize index' 44 Roads paved (%)' 11 11 Telephone mainines (per 1t000 people)' 2 3 6 Radios (per 1.000 people)' 97 145 151 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' Da y newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 0 0 Number ot post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' SuslaftMe Ab_nagwnt ofte O atttrtrl ftuamoi as Potenbally arable land/ rural population (ha) 0.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 1,515.6 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . 92 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.0 Cropland/ potent ally (non-marginal) arable and ()) . . 452 Irrigated land as % cropland 22.9 121 9.8 Cultivated land with conservation technologies I%) Policy and lrthuonal Fywntwork Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt. spending. central govt spend ng Local tax revenue,, local govt. spending 145 Mauritius 1986 1990 1998 Population (mil ons) 1.0 1 1 1.2 GDP ($ m ilions) 1,132 2,642 4,199 GNP per capita. Atlas method rUS $) 1,240 2.430 3,730 Rural populatron f% ot total) 58 60 59 Life expectancy 66 70 71 Sjrface area (t ,000 sq. hm, 2 2 2 RiL WafeWWng Population below the poverty line (% rural) - Mortality rate, nfart (per 1,000 live b rths) 32 20 19 Safe water, rural (% of rural popu at on with acGessi 98 100 Sanitation, rtral (% of trar population with access) 95 r00 School enrollment, primay (% gross) 93 109 106 Schos enrollment, primary maoe (% grosso' 94 109 106 Schoo enrollment. primary female (I gross)' 91 110 106 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2.670 2.820 2,970 Mdalnutntiron prevalence ). of children under 5)' 15 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female I s 24) r S 9 6 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of fema e 15+' 33 25 20 Agr GOP (value added). annual growth (1980 98) 1 4 Agr GDP/ agr worker as %of total GDP; worker 39 61 58 Agr GDPi agr worker, anrnual growth 11980-98) 3.8 Rural non farm employment Employees, agr , female (% of total labor force) 30 12 1 3 Emp oyees, sem ces female (7, of total abor force) 31 23 45 Non-agr GDP, non-agr worker (S,people) 4,052 6 593 9,036 Cereal yield (k iograms per hectare) 2,455 4 193 5,180 Food prodiction index (1989 91 1 t00) 78 10t 109 Livestockiproduction index (198991 -100) 64 102 119 Deelmopmentk filmarke* Agr exports as percent o1 agr value added 172.0 141.0 1244 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural househod Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 119 625 1,009 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($i - Rural abor force (%of total labor force) 27 17 13 Labor force, female ( of total abor force1 26 30 32 Food price index (1995=100) 38 71 105 Iuprovement of Accesaliblffly atndCtionullrtt ctic:Alon Roads, normalied index' . 190 Roadspaved (%)' - 93 96 Telephone man ines (per 1.000 peop e) 24 52 214 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 269 364 368 Electric power consumption per cap ta (hWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 83 76 75 Number of post off ces (rural) Two whleelers (per 1,000 peop'e)' 27 54 90 sustaIble eManageiiienithetjagur Jl Resourcei Bae Potential y arable lande rural populat on (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr J agr. GDP (cm, mill on S) 6.6 Freshwater withdrawals to, agr (% of total) 77 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 00 Croplaird potent al y (non marginal1 arable and (%) Irrigated land as % cropland 15 0 16.0 17 0 Cultivated land w th conservation technolog es 1%! PCo11i 1and 1tiWutlonsl Fraieork Fiscal decentralizabon (share of local govt. expenditure) No of farmers organzal ons no. of community groups Local govt spending, centra govt0 spending Local tax revenue local govt. spending 146 Mavotte 1980 1990 1998 Populateon lmilionsl 01 GDP ($ mi ionsi GNP per capita, Atlas methoc (US $) Rura population (of totali ilfe expectancy Surface area (t 000 sq km) Rurat Welltbeing Population below the poverty I ne (° rura r Mortality rate infant iper 1 .000 ive births1 Safe water, rura (f of rural popj ation with accessi Sanitat on. rural (I of rural populaton with access) School enrollment, primary (f grossy Schooe enroliment. primary, male (f grass)* School enrollment, primary female (° gross) Per capita d etary energy supply (caories)' Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5F Youth iiliteracy rate. t% of fera e 1 5-24R Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15.-f Improvemet in the Rural Economy Agr. GOP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP agr. worker as t of tota GDP: worker Agr GDP, agr. worker, annual growth 11980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr female (t of total labor force) Employeese serices female (f of total abor force) Non-agr. GDP' non-agr. worker ($!people) Cereal yield (i lograms per hectare) Food producoon Index i 989-91 = 100) L vestock production index (1989-91 =t 00) Developmrent of Markets Agr exports as percent of agr value added Percent of agr product on sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic sav ngs ($ m flions) Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor torce, female ft of tota abor force) Food price Inden 1995=1 t00) Improvmenlet of Accesslbtllty and Communication Roads, normnalized ndex Roads paved (%)t Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 peop e} 7 31 114 Radios (per 1.000 people) Electric power consumption per capita (kWhp Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people) Sustairtable Managemtent of the Natural Resource Base Potentially arable land, rural populaton (ha) Freshwater w thdrawals tor agr / agr. GDP (cmi mil ion $) Freshwater witnhdrawals for agr (f of total) Annual detorestation 1990-95 (°t change) Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (°) Irrigated land as %5 cropland Cultivated land w th conservat on technologies Itt Policy and Institutional Framework Fiscal decentra latian ishare ot oca govt expenditure) No. of tarmers organizations, no of commun ty groups Local govt spending: central govt spending Local tax revenue local govt. spending 147 Mexico 1990 1990 1998 Population (mu ions) 67.6 83.2 95.8 GDP ($ mlions) 223,510 262,710 393,508 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 2,640 2,830 3,840 Rural population (% of total) 34 28 26 Life expectancy 67 70 72 Surfacearea (1,000 sq. km) 1,958 1.958 1,958 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 51 36 30 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) .. . 62 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) .. . 26 Schoo enrollment, primary ()%gross)* 120 114 114 School enrollment, primary, male (%gross)' 122 t"5 116 School enrollment. pmary, female (%gross)' 119 112 113 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 3,110 3,080 3,140 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' .. 14 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)- 10 6 4 Illiteracy rate. adult female (% of female 1 5f)' 22 15 11 Agr. GDP (value added). annual growth (1980-98) 1.1 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 23 26 22 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 0.7 Rural non-tarm employment . Emppoyees, agr., female (-/.of total labor force) .. 3 13 Employees, semices. female (5-, of total labor torce) 67 68 Non-agr. GDP non-agr. worker ($/people) 14,593 11,013 12,533 Cereal yield (Klograms per hectare) 2,191 2,424 2 599 Food production index (1989 91 = 100) 84 101 126 Lvestock production index(t989-91 100) 84 100 130 Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 10a9 15.6 34 9 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 55,629 57,893 88,108 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 36 28 23 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 27 30 33 Foodpriceindex(1995=100) 0 48 196 Roads, normal zed indexu .. 102 Roads paved (%)- 35 30 Telephone manlines (per 1,000 people)' 40 65 104 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 134 260 325 Electric power consumption per capita (kih)* 846 1,204 1,459 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 123 135 97 Number of post o1ffioes (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' .. 3 3 $*flAeus*bt* i i f t tir i . it9 8-tiBtt i t Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) .. . 0.9 Freshwater withdrawa s for agr. agr. GDP (cm; million$) .. 15.3 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . 86 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.9 Cropland' potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) .. 128 Irngated land as % cropland 20.3 21.6 23.8 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (1%). Fiscal decentralizaton (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt. spending centra govt. spending Local tax revenue local govt. spending 148 Micronesia, Fed. Sis. 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 0.1 0.1 0.1 GDP ($ millionsl .. 155 213 GNP per capita, At as method (US $) .. . 1,800 Rura population lM of total) 75 74 72 L fe expectancy 63 67 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) Run We"xlFbln Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortaiity rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 35 39 28 Safe water, rural (%of rural population with access) . 100 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) . .. 100 School enrollment, primary (% gross)* School enrollment, primary, male (%/. gross) School enrollment, primary. female (% gross)' Per capita dietary energy supply Ica ories)* Malnutrition prevalence (1/0 of children under 5). Youth illiteracy rate. (% of female t5-24)* Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)S. Itwowmert dn tew fural Econormy Agr. GDP (value adoed) annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDPi worker Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (0/0 of total labor force) Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) Non-agr GDPI non-agr worker ($,people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production Index (1 989-9t = 100) 0 18,866 Livesmock production index (1989-91 = 100) 0 2,068 VwolomtMof Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ miliona. . Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force, female I% of total labor forcel Food price index (1995=1 00) 1fwv ot AesebIft and Com m Roads. normalized indexl Roads paved l%)* 16 18 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* . 25 80 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 73 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' siiMMiwb Mhana_t VUW NaOwU .WRnsWocB Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr / agr. GDP (cm/ million $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr I% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland! potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) frrigated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies 1%/) P ao end In1Uftu FewAk. Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations no of oommunity groups Local govt spending/central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 149 Moldova 1980 1990 1998 Population mllions) 40 4A4 4.3 GDP ($ millions) 10.583 1.615 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $! 380 Rural population (% of total) 60 53 54 Life expectancy 66 63 67 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 34 34 fural Well-being Population beiow the pevery line (1% °uran i 27 Moara. ty rate, infant (per 1.000 live births) 35 19 18 Safe water, rural t% of rural populat on wth access) 18 Sanitat on. rural (rm/ of rural popu aeror with access) 9 Schcol enrollment. primary (% gross)' 83 93 97 School enror ment, primary, male 1% gross)* 83 93 9B School enro Iment. primary, female (% gross)' 82 93 97 Per capita dietary energy supply fcaloriaes' . 2 690 Ma nutrition preva ence (% of chi dren under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, ( of female 15'24i 0 0 0 Ill teracy rate, adull fema e (05 of fema e 15+)' 8 4 2 Improvement nthe Rural iconomy. Agr. GDP (va ue added) annual growth (19r0-98) 7-0 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP worker 153 99 Agr GDP; agr. worker, annuae growtr (11980 98) Rural non-farm employment Employees agr. female (% of total labor force) 38 Employees. semvices, fema e a of tota labor force) 4: Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($peoplei 1. 05 739 Cereal y e d (kilograms per hectare) 2.925 2.859 Food product on index (r 989-91 = 100) 73 48 Livestock production index (1989-91 =I 00) 70 37 Deeofmn ofIrkest Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 26.5 126 7 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural househo d Gross domestic savings ($ mil onsp 2 4t7 -45 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rurae labor force (%- of total sabor force) 31 25 Labor force, fema e I0 of tota. labor force) 50 49 49 Food prce index t1995100) 1 r t10 Improvement of Accessibtlity and Comimuntatilon Roads, normalized index' r 28 Roads paved (%)' 87 87 Tetephone mainlnes iper r 000 peop e)' 56 ro6 150 Radios (per I 000 people)' 553 .740 Electr c power consumption per cap ta (kWh)' 1,495 2,279 1.217 Da y newspapers (per 1 .000 people;' 60 Number of post offices (ruralt Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 45 25 stainfableManagement of th6 No"Ntural Resiurce Base Potentialty arable lande rural populat on (har 0.4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. agr GDP (cm! m Ilaon $) 47 8 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (05 of total'; 23 Annual deforestation 1990 95 (% change) 0.0 Cropland' poaentially non-marginal) arable land (r.. . 276 Irrigated and as % cropland . 14,2 14.2 Cuilt vated and with conseration technologies (051 ) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organ zations' no. of community groups Local govt. spendingi central govt spend ng Local tax revenue local govt spending 150 Monaco 1980 1990 1998 Populaton (mill ons) 0. . GDP l$ milions) GNP per capita, Atas method (uJS $ Rural population 1% of total) L fe expectancy Surface area (1,000 sq km) Rural Weal-baing Population below the poverty ire 1% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) Safe water. rural (% of rural population with access) 100 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary Ifs gross)* School enro Iment, pr mary, male (% gross)' School enrollment, primary, female % grossJ' Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' Malnutrition prevalence (% of crrildren under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate (% of female 15-24f' Iliteracy rate, adut female )b of female 15+P-' Improvewmt In tle lural EconoM Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (I1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP. worker Agr GDP/ agr worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural son-farm employment Employees, agr t female (%, of total abor force) Employees, serv ces, female (% of total abor force) Non-agr GDPi non-agr. worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production index (t989-91 = 1001 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100). f.v.opment of MDrks Agr. exports as percent of agr value added Percent of agr producoon so d in domestic market Access to finance system per rurae household Gross domestic savings ($ mm orss Agr wage per agr. worker (5) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force, female 1% of total labor force) Food price index (1995=100) Improvetnt of Acssibility and Communication Roads, normalized indexi Roads paved (%) . 100 OO Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' Radios (per 1 000 people)' Electric power consumption per cap ta (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' fsutaitn,be fna9gemnm of the matural Resource Base Potentially arable [and/ rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cnm m Ilion $) Freshwater w thorawals for agr. (% of total] Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% crange) Cropland/ potent al y (non-marginal) arable land (c/c) Irrigated land as % cropland Cult vated land with conservaton technologies ˝) Polcy and Institftional Framerork Fiscal decentralization fshare of ocal govt expenditure) No of farmers organizations' no. of community groups Local govt. spending. central govt spending Local tax revenue.' local govu. spenoing 151 Mongolia 1980 1990 1998 PopuJation (millions) 1.7 2.2 2.6 GDP ($ millions) - 1.042 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 6 380 Rural population (% of total) 48 42 38 Life eapectancy 58 63 66 Surface area (1000 sq. kin) 1,567 1.567 1,567 Population below the poverty line (% rural) . 33 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 82 63 50 Safe water, rural I% of rural population with access) Sanitation. rural (% of rural population with access) School enrolment, primary (% gross)' 107 97 88 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 108 96 86 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* t07 98 91 Per capita dietary energy supply (calor es). 2,400 2,210 1,920 Malnutrit on prevalence (% of children under 5)' .. 12 9 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-241* 54 39 28 Illiteracy rate, adu t female I% of female t5+)' 72 59 49 a : e f ftl- i-mAMnt w; t the Rr t Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth f1980-98) 0,9 Agr GDP agr. worker as % of total GDPi worker 127 Agr. GDPt agr. worker, annual growth (1980 98) 04 Rural non farmn employment Employees, agr., female (7osf total labor force) 36 Employees, senrices, female (% of total labor force) 43 Non-agr. GDP! non-agr. worker (Speople) . 726 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 517 1,097 636 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 86 96 90 Livestock production index (1989-91 - 100) 91 97 96 Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 2,759 5 Percent of agr. product on sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* . 208 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 40 32 26 Labor force, temale (% ot total labor force) 46 46 47 Food price index (1995=100) Imprpvsnntot ~ ~ ~ 9 o AcceSsItbIlR; and'$ C-cmim.flafloni\;00000i Roads, normalized index' Roads paved (%). 10 3 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 24 32 37 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 96 139 151 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 106 73 27 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* 21 10 Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 0.0 Freshwater withdrawals tor agr./ agr. GDP (cm, million $) 21 9 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (74 of total) 62 Annual deforestation 1990-95 I% change) 0.0 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) . . 8800 Irrigated land as % cropland 5.6 6.4 Cultivated land with consenation technologies (74) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expend ture) No of farmers organizations no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue, local govt spending 152 Morocco 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 19.4 24 0 27.8 GDP ($ millions) 186821 25,821 35,546 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 970 1 ,030 1,240 Rural population (O/% of total) 59 52 46 Life expectancy 58 63 67 Surface area (1 000 sq. km) 447 447 447 iuatJ Wefltbefng Population below the poverty fine (M rural) 18 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,0001 ve birthsj 99 64 49 Safe water. rural R of rural population with access) 2 17 14 Sanitation. rural (% of rjral population with access) 13 18 School enrolfment. primary (% gross)' 83 67 86 Sctiool enrollment, primary, male (% grosst' 102 79 97 School enrollment, primary, female %/ gross 63 54 74 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2.740 3,110 3,120 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' 10 Youith iliteracy rate, (%of female 15-24)' 72 58 45 Illiteracy rate, adult female I% of female 15t)' 85 75 66 Intoroverrett In fte Ruit Economy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 2 9 Agr GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP, worker 33 40 44 Agr GDP! agr. worker, annual growth (1 980-98) 2 6 Rural non-farm employrnent Employeesa agr., female (% of total labor force) 72 63 Employees, services. female (% of tota labor force) 14 18 Non-agr GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) 5 011 4,276 4.340 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,019 1 120 1,124 Food production indexl 1989-91 =100) 58 93 110 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 1 00) 58 100 105 Developmernt of multels Agr exports as percent of agr value added 15 9 14.1 16.1 Percent of agr product.on sold n domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings IS mililons)' 2.432 4,043 5 209 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 56 45 38 Labor force. female (% of total abor force) 34 35 35 Food price index (1995=100) 32 65 103 Impioveerrtnt of AccessRtifty aMd Comnmurnation Roads. normalized index' 142 Roads paved 1%)' . 49 52 Telephone mainlbnes (per ,.000 people)' 9 16 54 Radios (per 1,000 peopel' 155 214 241 Electr c power consumption per capita IkWn)' 223 340 423 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 14 13 26 Number of post offices (rural! Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)* . 1 1 Suetnable Manaqtient of the Natural Resource Base Potentially arable land/ rural population (hal 0.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr / agr. GDP (cm. ml ion $) 28 7 Freshwater withdrawals for agr R/ of total) 92 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.3 Cropland' potentially (non-margina ) arab e land l%l 367 Irrigated and as % cropland 15 4 13 6 13 0 Cultivated land with conservation technologies PotIy rad istrtiftornl Framework Fscal decentralization Ishare of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of commumnty groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue.' local govt. spending 153 Mozambiaue 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 121 142 169 GDP ($ millionsr 3,526 2,512 3,693 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 280 170 210 Rural population (04 of total) 87 73 62 Life expectancy 44 43 45 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 802 802 802 Population be ow the poverty line (% rura) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,O0 yve birtnhs) 145 150 134 Sale water, rural 40 o1 rua population with access) 2 12 40 Sanitat on, rural (% of rural population with access) . . 12 School enroitment. primary (% gross)' 99 67 60 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 115 77 70 School enrol ment, primary, female (% gross)a 84 57 50 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories) 1 .920 1 790 1 670 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5i' . . 26 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 80 68 57 Illiteracy rate, adult female (%of feemale 15-)* 89 82 73 lf _ itlriitlfiura Efoai i? Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1 980-98) 3.6 Agf. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP! worker 40 41 39 Agr GDP! agr. worker, annual growth (1980 98) 1 4 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr.. temale (% of total labor force) 97 96 Employees. services, fema e (% ot total labor force) 2 3 Non agr GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 2,216 1,275 1.437 Cereai y eld (kilograms per hectare) 596 474 839 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 10t 107 140 Livestock production index (1 989-91 I 00) 86 102 99 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 9 7 4 8 4 5 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural househo d Gross domestic savings ($ miNionsi 372 309 65 Agr. wage pet agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total iabor force) 84 83 81 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 49 48 48 Food price index (1995-100) Roads, normalized indext 1 12 RoadOs paved (r/y). 17 19 Telephone ma nlines (per 1,000 people)' 3 3 4 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 21 37 40 E ectr c power consumption per capita (kWh)' 34 35 47 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 4 6 3 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' Potentially arable lando rural population (ha) 3.3 Freshwater withdrawals for agr / agr. GDP (cm/ million $) . 14.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 89 Annual def orestation 1990-95 I% change) 0 7 Cropland/ potentially (non marginal) arable land I%) 8 Irrigated land as % cropland 2.1 34 3 4 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Potifcf andfhetIuUOfift r988dwQ rS tM 0 ;000-i00000 000 ;S00 000 0; k0i 0 Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizat onsi no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue, local govt. spending 154 Mvanmar 1980 1990 1998 Population (m 11 ons) 33.8 40 5 44.5 GDP ($ mili.ons) GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $1 Rural populabon (% of total) 76 75 73 Lfe expectancy 52 57 60 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 677 677 677 Rural Well-4elng Population below the poverty line 1% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1 000 live births) 109 94 78 Safe water rural (°' of rural population with access) 27 39 Sanitation. rural I% of rural population with access) . . 40 School enrolment pr mary (% grossY 91 107 121 School enrollment, primary. male (%/. gross)' 93 108 122 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* 89 105 117 Per capita dietary energy sLpply lcalories)' 2,320 2,570 2.720 Malnutrition prevalence I% of children under 5)' 47 32 43 Youth illiteracy rate. (% of female 15-247* 19 14 10 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+-7 34 26 21 lmprovement if toe Ru rtl EScrom Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr GDP/ agr. worker as o of total GDP/ worker Agr GDP. agr. worker, annual growth 11980-98) Rural non-farm employment Emp oyees, agr, female I% of total labor forcel Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) Non-agr GDPi non-agr worker (Slpeople) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 2,600 2,762 2,903 Food production index (1989-91 t I00) 89 101 138 Livestock product on index(I 989-9t - 1DO) 85 99 135 Developmemt of Ifrkets Agr exports as percent of agr. value added Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestc savings ($ milfons). Agr wage per agr workeer$) Rural labor torce (% otftota labor force) 76 73 71 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 44 44 43 Food price index (1995=100) 9 28 236 Improvemenrt of Accesfbility and Commrtl caHton Roads, normalzed index' Roads paved (fr). 11 12 Te ephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 1 2 5 Radios (per 1.000 people)' 23 83 95 Electr c power consumption per capita (kWh)' 31 43 57 Dally newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 10 17 10 Number of post off ces (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' Sustalnable Mfaagement of the fatural Reeource Bawe Potentially arable land, rural popu at on (ha) 0 4 Freshwater w thdrawa s for agr / agr. GDP (cm.' million $1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (91 of total) 90 Annua deforestation 1990-95 (% change) I A Cropian.d potential y (non-marginal) arable land (%) 68 Irigates land as OL cropland 10 0 10 0 15 3 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Policy and InstAtutfonal Framework Fiscal decentral zabon (share of local govt expenditure) No of farmers organizat ons/ no. of community groups Local govt. spend ng' nentral govt spending Local tax revenue. local govt spending 155 Namibia 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 10 1t4 1.7 GDP ($ millions) 2,262 2,444 3,092 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 1,820 1,820 1,940 Rural population (% of total) 77 73 70 Life expectancy 53 58 54 Surface area (1.000 sq. km) 824 824 824 Population below the poverty line I% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live b rths) 90 64 67 Safe water. rural (% of rural population with access) . 42 San tation, rurat (% of rura population with access) 1. 12 Schoo enrollment, primary (% gross)* 129 131 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 123 129 School enrollment, primary, female (%gross)' 135 132 Per capita dietary energy supply (calores)' 2,200 2,210 2.130 Malnutrition prevalence (% of chi dren wrnder 5)* . 26 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* 20 11 7 Illiteracy rate, adult female f% of female 15-)' 38 28 20 Agr. GDP (vaaue added), annual growth f1980-98) 3.3 Agr. GDP, agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 18 21 20 Agr. GDP agr. worker. annual growth (1980-98) 2.4 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 42 67 Employees. senvices, female (% of total labor force) 47 21 Non-agr GDP/ non agr. worker ($,people) 10,463 7,66t 7,201 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 377 461 190 Food production index (1989-91 - 100) 109 97 124 Livestock production index (1989-91 = t00) 118 97 129 Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 60.7 58.1 653 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ miulions)' 832 429 581 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rura abor force (% of total labor force) 57 49 43 Labor force, fema e (% of total labor force) 40 40 41 Food price index (1995=tO0) 59 118 I.fRenl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 0:0itj kesss1bIflt nn0 fC'omo1f ' a ': f at t o Roads. normaized index' .. .. 167 Roadspaved l%)' 11 8 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)' 28 39 69 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 117 133 144 Electric power consumption per capita lkWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 26 17 19 Number of post ottices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* 1 1 $*9IbI raeen;M tlior theNtiurifiAeoqr''0pse $, 9 ; t<^,iQtf:it 0 Potentially arable landz rural population (ha) 1.3 Freshwater withdrawals for agr., agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 8.5 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . .. 68 Annual deforestat on 1990-95 (% change) 0.3 Cropland/ potentially (non-marg nal) arable land I%) . 61 Irrigated land as % crop and 0,6 0.6 0,9 Cultivated land with conservation technologies I%) PaRc t8a trtf~oa i;rtamrtFw iii Fiscal decentralization (share of ocal govt expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Locas govt. spendingi central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local goat. spending 156 Nepal 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 145 18.8 229 GDP ($ millions) 1.946 3,628 4,783 GNP per capta, Atlias method US $i 140 210 210 Rural population I% of total) 94 91 89 Life expectancy 48 54 58 Surface area 11,000 sq. km) 147 147 147 Rtral Welt%Wafg Population below the poverty I ne (% rura) 44 Mortality rate. infant (per 1,000 live births) 132 Ot1 77 Safe water. rural (% of rural population with access) 6 41 - Sanitat on, rural I% ot rural population with access) 0 . 3 School enrollment, primary I%gross)- 86 108 113 School enrollment, primary, male (%grosslV 119 132 129 School enrollment, primary, female I% gross)' 50 81 96 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories) 1 910 2,360 2.340 Malnutr tion prevalence i% ot children under 5h) ., .. 57 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 1 5-24)* 86 73 61 Illiteracy rate, adult female I% of female 15+)* 93 86 78 lwpomenti In gtiB Rural Economy Agr. GDP (va ue added), annual growth 11980-981 3 3 Agr. GDP" agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker 62 52 4t Agr. GDP! agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 09 Rural non-tarm employment Employees, agr., female I% of total labor force) 98 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 2 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) 1,875 3,352 4,055 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,687 1,920 1,961 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 67 102 118 Livestock production noex (11989-91 = 100) 77 10) 119 Oevelopmn.t ot Makets Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 4.9 2 7 3.5 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Ac.cess to finance syslem per rural household Gross domestc savings ($ milions)* 216 286 501 Agr wage per agr. worker ($i) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 94 94 93 Labor force, female 05 of total labor forcer 39 40 40 Food price index (1995=100) 22 58 113 Improvteme of Accessllfrya nd communicamion Roads, normalized indexi . , 70 Roads paved (%/i. 38 42 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people) 1 3 8 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 20 36 38 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* 13 28 39 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peoplei 8 . 8 11 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Sustdnetfe M _mtent of the Natural ewource Bale - Potentially arable and/ rural population (ha) 0.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ m Ilion $) 800.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) .. .. 95 Annual deforestation 1990-95 1% change) 11 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land i%) .. 183 Irrigated land as 0 cropland 22 4 40.4 38 2 Cult vated land with conservation technologies (%) Poy and fnstittiUor Fkamework F scai decentraeization (share of local govt. expenditure) - No. of farmers organizations' no of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 157 Netherlands 1980 1990 1998 Popu at on (millions) i4 2 15.0 157 GDP ($ mill ons) 171,861 283,672 381,819 GNP per capita, A as method (US$) 12,980 18.120 24,780 Rural population l% o1 to0a1) 12 11 11 Life expectancy 76 77 78 Surfacearea(1,000sq. km) 4t 41 41 Popueation below the poverty line (°h rural) Morta ity rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 9 7 5 Safe water, rural (% of rural populat on with access) 100 100 Sanitation, rural 1% of rura population with aocess) r00 too School enrollment, prmary (%gross)' 100 102 108 School enrol ment, pr mary, male (% gross)* 99 t01 109 School enro lment, primary, female (% gross)' 101 104 107 Per cap ta dietary energy supply (calories)* 3.050 3 260 3.250 Malnutrition prevalence (% of ch ,dren under 5)- Youth il teracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' l iteracy rate. adult femae (% of female 15+)t Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 3.8 Agr. GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDPi worker 62 88 79 Agr. GDP. agr worker annual growth (I 980-98f 4 4 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr. female (% of tota labor force) 3 3 Emp oyees, services, female (% of total anor force) 84 85 Non-agr GDP/ non agr. worker ($/peope) 31,t33 4t 340 56 195 Cereal yield (ki ograms per hectare) 5,689 68969 7.170 Food predacton index(t989-9t =thO 86 tO1 97 Livestock production index (t989-91 = tOO) 88 tO1 94 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 259.6 2702 2984 Percent of agr production sold in domest c market Access to f nance system per rura household Gross domestic sav ngs ($ millions) 37,4t 7 75,988 98. 936 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural iabor force (% of tota labor force) 6 5 4 Labor force, female (% of total abor force) 32 39 40 Food price index (1995=tOO) 76 9t 105 im Aei biiit Ap OeSSHIty Mid 0C0o1041110 Roads normal zed ndex' ,, 62 Roads paved (°%)'. 88 90 Telephone ma nlires (per 1,000 people)' 346 464 593 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 650 906 978 Electric power consumption per capita )vWh)' 4.057 4,9t7 5.736 Daily newspapers (per t .000 people)' 326 301 306 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1r000 people)' 61 44 57 Sustanabl flbngemut otth.NaturalAeouo fk Sase ;i;; tXW; SiS Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) .. 7 1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.i agr. GDP (cm, million $) . 0.7 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 34 Annual deforestalion 1990-95 (% change) 00 Croplanv potential y (non-marginal) arable and (%) 51 Irr gated land as , cropland 584 61 1 60.4 Cult vated and w th consenvation technologies (%) Poltyi f amd tu F -8mjW : Fiscal decentralization (share of locai govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations, o. of community groups Loca govt spend ngo centra govt. spending Local tax revenue ocal govt. spending 158 Netherlands Antilles 1980 1990 1998 Population (millionsl 0.2 0.2 02 GDP ($ m lions) 986 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 5,890 Rural population 1% of total) 32 32 30 Lfeexpectancy 71 74 76 Surface area (1.000 sq km) t 1 l Rural Welt-beifn Population below the poverty ine IO rural) . . Morta ty rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 20 8 14 Safe water, rural (% of rura population with access) Sanitation, rural (% of rural populat on w th access) School enrollment. primary (%gross)* 153 113 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 152 School enrollment. pr mary, female (% gross)' 153 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 3,050 2,430 2,720 Malnutrition preva ence (% of children under 5)' Youth iliteracy rate. (% of female 15-24)' 3 2 2 Illiteracy rate, adult fema e (% of female 15+)' 6 4 4 Improvemrtt in the Rural Economy Agr. GDP (value added). annual growth (1980-98) Agr GDP! agr worker as % of total GDPi worker Agr GDP! agr worker. annua growvth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Emp oyees. agr , female (% of total labor force) Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) Non-agr GDP, non-agr worker ($/peoplei Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production Index (1989-91 = tO0) 269 99 148 Livestockiproduction index (1989-9t = 100) 178 97 108 Development of Markets Agr. exporns as percent of agr value added Percent of agr. prod uction sod n domestic markel Access to finance system per rural nousehold Gross domestic savings ($ mi lons)' Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of tota labor force) 0 1 0 Labor force, female (% of total labor forcel 41 44 43 Food price index (1995=1 00) Imprement of Accestibity and Co*mUni*tfon Roads, normal zed index' Roads paved (°/g)' Telephone marines (per 1,000 peopfel* 218 247 366 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 1,006 1,011 996 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 3,661 3,182 3.921 Daiiy newspapers (per 1.000 peopoel' 299 285 337 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 peopler' Suilrnatte tMaaget o1 the lvural Resoure ae Potential y arable lande rural populaton (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr / agr GDP (cm/ million $1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr I% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (74 change) Cropland' potential y (non-marginal) arable and (4). Irrigated land as 74 cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies (°i. Policy and InStititlortl FraMtWork Fiscal decentralization (share of ocal govt expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt. spend ngi centra govt spend ng Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 159 New Caledonia 1980 1990 1998 Populat on rmillions) 0.1 0.2 0.2 GDP ($ mi ions 1.182 2,185 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 7,820 14,770 Rural population (% of total) 44 38 26 Life expectancy 67 71 73 Surtacearea(1,000sq kim 19 19 19 Rurai Wal1berIng Population below the povery ne (% rural) Mortality rate infant (per 1,000 live births) 25 13 7 Safe water. rural (atc of rural population with access) San tation, rural (° of rural population with access) School enrolment. orimary (%gross)* 140 129 122 School enrollment, pr mary mae i% gross)' 141 130 School enrollment pr mary, temale (% gross)* 139 127 Per capita dietary energy supp y icalores)' 2,890 2.860 2.860 Malnutrition prevalence t°. of children under 5)' Youth il iteracy rate, % oa female 1 5-24)' I iteracy rate, adult fema e (%of female 15+)' IMpoement In the urailra Eeconomy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDPi agr worker as UO of total GDP/ worker Agr. GDP/ agr worker annual growth (1980-98) Rural non farm employment Employees, agr. female (U of total abor force. Employees, services. female (Uof tota abor force. Non-agr. GDP, non agr worker ($ipeople) Cereal yield akilograms per hectare) 1,930 1 944 39598 Food production index (1989-91 - 100) 96 tO0 135 Livestock producton index (1989 91 = rOP) 85 102 144 evielopment ot arketsf Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added Percent of agr product on sold in domestic market Access to f nance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millionsl' Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force female (% of tota abor force. Food price index ( 19959100) improvement oaf Accessibility and Communicatton Roads. normalized index' Roads paved r Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 peopie)' 93 169 239 Radios (per 1.000 people)' 483 518 544 Electr c power consumption per cap ta (kWh)n Daily newspapers tper 1 000 people)' 105 1 r 3 122 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1 000 peopie)* Susaiable Managementofth0ie Natural Resource Base $00-0; t lX0;tj 0 0: l00 30 Potent a] y arab e land' rura population (ha) 0.5 Freshwater w thdrawals for agr. agr GDP (cm. mil ion $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr I% of total) Annual deforesration 1990-95 ,-tr, change) Cropland/ potential y (son margina! arable land (%) r08 Irrigated land as % cropland Cultivated and with conservation technologies t%) Policy and Instltttionl Framework Fiscal decertra ization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizationse no. of commun ty groups Local govt spending central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ ocal govt spending 160 New Zealand 1980 1990 1998 Population (m ]lions) 3.1 3.4 3.8 GDP ($ millions) 22,395 43,103 52,845 GNP per caPita. Atlas method (US $) 7,380 12,410 14.600 Rural population (% of total) 17 15 14 Life expectancy 73 75 77 Surface area (1.000 sq. km) 271 271 271 Rufta Wetllbe0io Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortaity rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 13 8 5 Safe water, rural IO/ of rural population with access) . . Sanitation, rura (% of rural population with access) School enrollment. primary (% gross)' 111 106 101 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* it 106 101 School enrollment. pr mary, female (% gross)* 111 105 101 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 3,130 3.200 3,370 Malnutrit on prevalence (% of children under 5)' Youth it teracy rate. (% of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+), tWIloveennt in the Rura EconmW Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker 96 66 76 Agr. GDPi agr. worker, annual growlh (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr.. female (° of total labor force) .. 8 6 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) . 78 81 Non-agr. GDP, non-agr. worker ($/people) 17,020 27.681 29.801 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3,941 4,950 5,270 Food product on index (1 989-91 = 100) 91 96 127 Livestock production index (1989-91 =100) 96 96 118 bWelop"meit of Maitrhs Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 1 90.6 162.8 140.7 Percent of agr production sold In domestic market Access to f nance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millionsr; 4.336 8.470 13,919 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 11 10 9 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 34 43 45 Food price index (1995=1 001 37 97 107 improvemseW of Acceee9bittfy and CoMrmnltHaton Roads, normalized Index' 94 Roads paved (%)' 57 58 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 361 434 479 Radios (per 1.000 people) 876 924 990 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 6,269 8,087 8,380 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 334 291 216 Number of post olffces (rule) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 43 24 13 Susttatnabe Mwanaen of fie Natural Resouroe Bti5 Potentially arabie land/ rural population (hal 6.7 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm. million $) 1 . .4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) .. . 44 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) -0.6 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land I%) .. .. 96 Irrigated land as i/ cropland 52 7.2 8.7 Cultivated land with conservation technolopies (%) . Po9cy and hinatiluflontIl FiraieWtork- Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Locai govt. spending. centrai govt spending Local tax revenue. local govt. spending 161 Nicaraaua 1980 1990 1998 Population (millons) 29 3.8 4.8 GDP ($ millions) 2,144 1,009 2,007 GNP per cap ta, Atlas method (US $) 640 320 370 Rural populaaton I% of total) 50 47 45 Life expectancy 59 64 68 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 130 130 130 Populat on below the poverty line (% rural) 76 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 ive brths) 84 St 36 Safe water, rural (% of rural popu at on w th access) 19 27 San tation. rural (% of rurai population with access) 27 Schoo enrollment, primary I gross)' 94 94 tO1 School enro lment, pr mary, male gross)* 92 91 100 School enro Iment, primay, female (°/ gross)' 97 96 102 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2,380 2,340 2.320 Manutrition prevaxence (a-t ot cdren under 5i' 10 12 Youth i literacy rate, (% of fema e 15-24)' 32 28 24 Illiteracy rate adult female (% of female 15-)' 39 34 31 Agr GDP (value addedj. annua growth f1 980-98) 0.4 Agr. GDP agr. worker as x of total GDP' worker 59 109 158 Agr. GDP, agr worker. annual growth (1 980 98) 0 5 Rural non farm employment Employees agr female (°/0 of Iota labor force) Employees, services. female (% ot total labor force , Non-agr. GDP" non agr worker ($Ipeople) 2.731 707 916 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,572 1,524 1,511 Food production index (1989-9t 1i00) 103 105 125 Livestock product on index (1989-91 = 100) 122 105 123 Develoment of Markets Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 62.9 77 3 56 8 Percent of agr. production sold in domest c marKel Access to finance system per rura householo Gross domestic savings ($ m lIons)' -48 -2t 22 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force I% ot total labor force) 40 29 22 Labor force female (% of total labor force) 28 32 35 Food price index (t995=1 00) mpri ofovement of Accesility and COMMUnnlcalflon Roads, normalized index' 60 Roads paved (% - 1t 10 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people) 1t1 13 31 Radios iper 1.000 peoplene 239 260 285 E ectric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 303 284 286 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peoplo' 47 47 30 Number of oost offices (rura ) Two wheelers r per 1 000 peop e)' 3 5 SusptaInal aae menX t of -the Narturaltifj#i: Reouc Base S$00$t$:0t0:00 Potentially arable ando rural population (ha) 2 0 Freshtwater withdrawals for agroY agr GDP (cm; mllon S) 53.9 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. I% of total) 54 Annual deforestation 1990 95 (I/ change} 2 5 Cropland, potent ally lnon marg nal) arable land I() - 84 Irrigated and as % crop and 6.0 38 3.2 Culx vated land w th conservat on technologies (%) Fiscal decentralizaton (shame of local govt. expendrture) No. of farmers organizat ons no. of community groups Local govt spendng central govt spending Loca tax revenue local govt spending 162 Niger 1980 1990 1998 Popilation (mMI,oaS) 5.6 77 10.1 GDP i$ mtl ons) 2,509 2.481 2,048 GNP per capita Atlas method (US $) 440 310 200 Rural popuiat on ioe of total) 87 84 80 Life expectancy 42 45 46 Surtace area (1,000 sq kmr) 1.267 1 267 1267 Rural Well-being Popuat on be ow the poverly I ne J rurai . 66 Mortality rate, ntant fper 1 000 ive birthsr 135 150 118 Sate water, riral (" of rura population with access) 55 San tation, rural (J of rural popu at on with access) 3 5 School enrollment primary (S. gross) 25 29 29 School enrolment pr mary. male irO grosseK 33 37 36 School enrollment, prmary, female (S gross) 18 21 23 Per capita dietary energy supply (caloresaC 2 170 2,120 2,140 Maliftr soe preva ence (o of children under 5)f 43 50 Youth li teracy are, (°. ot temale 1 5-24)7 95 91 88 lilteracy rate adult female ( o ot female 15+)- 97 95 93 Improvement in the Rurat Economy Agr GDP (Value added) annual growth (t980-98i 2.3 Agr. GDP, agr worker as % of total GDP, worKer 47 39 47 Agr GDP agr. worier, annual growth (1980-981 -06 Rural non-farm employment Empoyees. agr . temale (So of total labor force) 8 5 Employees services, feame (% of total labor force) 66 78 Non-agr GDP. non-agr worker S/people) 5.927 4.238 2,148 Cereal yield 1kilograms per heclarei 457 215 354 Food production ndex (1 989-91 - 100) 104 89 127 Livestock prodicton index ( 989-91 = 1 00) 11 99 117 Developrment f1 markets Agr expods as percent of agr value added 7 7 7 1 6.4 Percent ot agr prodticton seid in domestc market . .. Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic sav ngs o$ m If onsy 365 29 68 Agr. mage per agr. worker ($) Rura abor force ('0 of total lab.0 forces 91 90 88 Labor force, temale (S/o of tota abor torce) 45 44 44 Fooe price index t195=t 00) Improvement of Accessibility and Commnuntiation Roads, normarzed ndea 26 Roads paved t° ) 29 8 Telephone mainilnes (per r .00 people) 1 1 2 Rad os (per 1 002 people) 45 60 69 Erectr c power consumption per cap ta (kVWOh Daily newspapers (per 1 000 people)' 1 0 0 Number of post offices (rural) Two msee ers (per 1,000 people) Sustainabte Managemnent of the tatural Resource Base Potentially arable land/ rural populat on (hal . 02 hreshwater withdrawals for agr / agr. GDP (cm/ mirlion $) . 20.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (90 of total) 82 Anmiual deforestation 199C-95 (So change) 0 Crop ands potenoially enon-marginal) arabe land(So) 403 Irrigaoed and as So cropland 06 1.8 1.3 Cultivated and with conservation technologies (M) Policy and Institutional Framework Fiscal decentral zat on (share of local govt. epenpditurej No ot tarmers organizations no of community groups Local goat spend-ig, central govt spending Loca tax revenus ocal govt spending 163 Nigeria 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 71.1 96.2 120.8 GOP ($ millions) 64,202 28,472 41,353 GNP per capita, At as method (US $) 710 270 300 Rural population (% of total) 73 65 58 Life expectancy 46 49 53 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 924 924 924 Population below the poverty line (% rural) .. . 36 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 99 85 76 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 26 Sanitation, rural (% of rurai population with access) . 21 School enrollment, primary (% gross)* 109 9r 98 School enrollment, primary, male t% gross) 123 104 tO9 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* 95 79 87 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 1.950 2,310 2,540 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* . 35 39 Youth ill teracy rale, (% of female 15-24) 58 34 19 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female t5.)* 78 62 48 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 3,5 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDPI worker 37 75 89 Agr. GOP/ agr. worker. annual growth (1 980 98) 3.2 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr.,,female 1% of total labor force) 57 44 Employees, senices, female (% of total labor force) 38 53 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 4.188 976 1,015 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,100 1,148 1,181 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 59 97 149 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 89 101 139 Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 2.3 2.5 4.1 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ milions)* 20,179 8,358 4,883 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor foroe) 54 43 35 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 36 35 36 Food price index (1995=100) 4 26 259 Roads, normalized index . . 274 Roads paved (9)%.) 30 31 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 2 3 4 Rad os (per 1,000 people)* 97 194 223 Electric power consumption per capita lkWh)* 68 77 84 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people) 15 18 24 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)* 4 _ *;;f t w li teti ti Q ;: i ifttf ftk rtgjfj ,,l' Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 06 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ mill on $) 5.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 54 Annual deforestat on 1990-95 (% change) 0.9 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land ()/v) 74 Irrigated land as % cropland 0.7 0.7 0.8 Cultivated land with consevation technologies (%) .. Fiscal decenlTalizalior (share o1 iocal govt. expendilure) .. No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Locai tay revenue) local govt spending 164 Northern Mariana Islands 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) - 01 GDP ($ millions) GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) Rural population (% of total) Life expectancy Surface area (1,000 sq km) Run#a WOWbelng Population below the poverty line (% rurall Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live birthsl) Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with acoess) School enrollment, primary (% gross)* School enrollment, primary, male I% gross)* School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under S. Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate, adult female I% of female 15+)* Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP, worker Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor torce) Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) Non-agr. GDP, non-agr worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production index (1989-91 = 1t00) Livestock production index (1 989-91 = 100) feIp~et of iwlus: Agr. exports as percent of agr value added Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' Agr wage per agr. worker (S) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force, female I% of total labor force) Food price Index (1995=1t00) fsnpw~utel rof Aea8Ib6Iftylsu asd Ctf Qnfa Roads, normalized ndex, Roads paved 1%)' Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' . 287 400 Radios (per 1,000 people)* Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Se aau naMm pt Natraf eawme Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr.f agr GDP (cm/ million $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%l Irrigated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Pcy d In lftmf Fra_uwrhk Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations' no. of community groups Local govt spending! central govt. spending Local tax revenue' local govt spending 165 Norway 1980 1990 1998 Population (mil aon 41 42 4.4 GDP ($ mil ions; 63.419 115,453 145,892 GNP per capital Atias method (US 1) t5,360 25,480 34,310 Rural population of total) 30 28 25 L fe expectancy 76 77 7. Surfacearea(t.000sq km) 324 324 324 Rura Well-beting Popualtion below the pcvery line n=.o rural) Morta ity rate, intant (per 1.000 ive birnhs) S 7 4 Safe water. rura (% of rural popu at en with access) 10'J '00 Sanitation rural (y of rural population with accessr 100 100 School enrolimert primary (. gross'O '00 ic 100 School enro Iment, primary, male (% gross)' 100 101 lO0 School enro lment. prmary femaie (pgrossi' 100 100 100 Per capita dietary energy suppy (caories" 3 310 18C 3.280 Ma nutr tion preva ence '0 ot children under 5l' Youtn illiteracy rate (, of female 15 24)' 11 teracy rate, adrtfemane (ltof femae 15+j' lIilromnt in theRural Economy Agr GDP (value added). annual growth (1980 98) 1 6 Agr GDP agr worker as °, of total GDP worker 45 50 40 Agr GDPi agr worker. annual grpot (11980Y98) 3 Rura non farm emp oyment Employees. agr., female (% of tota labor force) 6 4 2 Emp oyees senvices, fena e (% of total labor force) 80 85 a7 Non agr GDP; non agr worker ($People 34 277 56 014 '0. 15 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectaref 3 645 4.399 4.248 Food producton ndex i1989-9 -= 100) 43 '04 10t Livestockproducton index flS9 90-10 = 48 '0 1 O115 pment of makets Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 148 .6 17 5 Percent of agr producton sod n domest c market Access to f narice system per rural household Grcss domest c sac ngs (S mi lions'' 2t ,851 34.427 49 514 Agr sage per agr wOrker ($) Rura aboe force l'>c of tota abor forcer 8 ' 5 Labor force fema e (° of total labor force) 41 45 46 Foodpriceindexe19951 100 44 95 1 0 limprovement of AcessibilIty and Commr nication Roads. normalized index' 100 Roads paved cf)' 69 75 Teephone main, ies (per ' 001 peoole)' 293 503 667 Radios (per 1.000epeP t 661 732 915 E ectric power consunmp on per capita IkWh)' 18,289 22.824 23 499 Dai y newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 462 610 .588 Number of post off ces trural, Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 36 48 49 Sustne Mangent of ithe Natural Resource Base Potentially arable landc rural population (na) 0 1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr / agr GDP (cmn m It on $) o 1 Freshwater withdrawa s for agr tol aetol 8 Annua deforestatior 1990-95 cc change) 0.2 Croplanco potent a ly non margena r arable land i699 ri galed land as cropland Cultivated land with consewatien techno ogies (%) PolIcy and lnsllutional f}S Framework k X i : F scal decentralizat on sshare of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt spenoing centrai govt spend ng Local tax revenuel ocai govt. spend ng 166 Oman 1980 1990 1998 Popu at on (millions) 1 1 1 6 23 GDP I$ millionsl 5982 10,535 14,962 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 3 050 5,410 4,940 Rural populabon (% ot total) 69 38 19 Life expectancy 60 69 73 Surface area (1.000 sq km) 212 212 212 Rural Well-being Population be ow the poverty ne (° rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1.000 live birtnhs) 41 22 18 Safe water. rural (% of rural popu at on w tn access) to 44 56 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) . 68 72 School enrollment, primary (° gross)' 51 86 76 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* 67 90 78 School enrollment, pr mary. female (% grosslY 35 82 74 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories) ' Ma nutribon prevalence (% of ch ldren under 5)* 24 23 Youth ill teracy rate, (ľ% of fema e 15-24)' 65 25 6 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)) 84 62 43 nlfrevemn fin the Rutal Ecnwny Agr GDP (value added), annual growth It 980-98) Agr GDP,a gr. worker as % of total GDP/ vworker 5 7 Apr GDP, agr worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr female (ľ of totaJ Jabor force) 24 19 Emp oyees, services, female (ľ,. of tota labor force) 43 46 Non-agr GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 34.699 37 044 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 905 2,160 2.t73 Foodproducton index 1I989-91 = t00) 61 99 111 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 62 100 95 DehreWipment of Markets Agr exports as percent of agr value added t2.4 14 4 Percent ot agr. production sod in domestic market Access to tinance system per rural household Gross domestic savings 1$ mihons)l 2,829 3.707 3.016 Agr wage per agr worker (S) Rural labor force f% of total labor force) 50 45 38 Labor force, temale( % of total labor force) 6 11 16 Food prce Index (1995=100) 99 103 tmprovmeli of JAccesslfbiy an CommunfcatIon Roads, normalized index' Roads paved 1%)' 21 30 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 peope)* 16 60 92 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 500 577 598 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 614 2.284 2,613 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 38 29 Number of post offices (rura Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* . 3 2 Sus9ainab be riagenlnt of the Natral Re6oumce Base Potentially arable lande rural populat on t ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. agr GDP (cm/ million $) 7 5 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of tota) 94 Annual deforestat on 1990-95 (% change) Cropland/ potentialty (non-margmnal) arable land 1f%) Irr gated land as % cropland 92.7 95 1 98 4 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (Q) Policr and nmtitutiornal Framework Fiscal decentralizaton (share of local govt. expend turel No. of farmers organizat onsi no. of commun ty groups Local govt. spending/ centra govt spend ng Local tax revenue, local govt. spending 167 Pakistan 1980 1990 1998 Population (miilions) 82.7 108.0 131.6 GDP ($ millions) 23,690 40.010 63,369 GNP per capita, At as method (US $) 300 400 470 Rural population (% of total) 72 68 64 Life expectancy 55 59 62 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 796 796 796 Population below the poverty line I% rural) 37 Mortality rate, infant (per 1.000 ve birtsIW 127 111 91 Safe water, rural (% of rjral population with access) 22 28 52 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) 4 8 19 School enrollment. primary (% gross)' 40 61 74 School enrollment, primary, male I%gross)' 52 82 101 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 27 39 45 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2,150 2,380 2,490 Malnutrition prevalence (%v of children under 5)' .. 40 38 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 78 67 53 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)' 86 79 71 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 4.4 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 42 45 51 Agr. GDP,a gr. worker, annual growth (1 980-98) 2.6 Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr., female (% of total labor force) . 72 67 Employees. services, female (% of total labor force) 14 22 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 1,565 1,504 1.674 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,613 1,766 2,120 Food production index (1989-91 =100) 66 100 142 Livestock production index (1989-91 -.100) 60 100 152 Q.vqlopmnmnt of Mrkets Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 9.7 10.7 5,5 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ mil ions)* 1 624 4442 8 034 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) R ural labor force (% of total labor force) 63 52 48 Labor force, female (% of lotal labor force) 23 24 28 Food price index (1995=100) 33 57 129 Roads. normalized index' 415 Roads paved (%)* 54 57 Telephone mainlines (per 1f000 peoplni' 4 8 19 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 64 95 98 Electric power consumption per capita (kWfl)' 125 267 333 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 12 17 23 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 3 8 13 Sua$nWeMengemnotheNaurSheource a w t\00tfj0;XX0it0r Potentially arable land. rural population (ha) . .. 0.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ mi lion $) . - 237.7 Freshwater w thdrawals for agr. (% of tota ) . . 97 Annual deforestat on 1990-95 (% change) 2.9 Croplando potentially (non-margina ) arable land (%li 843 Irrigated land as % cropland 72.3 80 9 81.4 Cultivated land wth conservation technologies (%) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expend ture) No of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ centrai govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt, spending 168 Palau 1980 1990 1998 Population (millionsl 0 0 0 0 0 0 GDP ($ millions) 77 129 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 10,510 Rural populaton (% of tota j 35 31 28 Life expectancy 57 67 71 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) . . 0 Rutai Wal-beinr Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortalty rate, infant (per 1,000 live orths) 50 25 25 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) Sanitation, rura (% of rura population with access) School enrollment. primary (% gross)' School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' School enrollment, primary, female (57 gross)' Per capita dietary energy supp y (calor es)' Malnutrtion prevalence (% of children inder 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female t 5-24)' lliteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15-)' Improvemesnt lit the Rural Economy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growt (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as SO of total GDP/ worker Agr GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth 1t980-98) Rural non farm employment Employees, agr, female (57 of total labor forcei. Employees, serv ces, female (57 of tota labor force) Non-agr. GD/P non-agr. worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food producton Index It 989-91 = I 00) Livestock production index (1989-9r = 100) Development ot Markets Agr exports as percent of agr va ie added Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to hnance system per rural household Gross domestic sav ngs 1$ millions)' Agr wage per agr worker ($ Rural labor force (% of tota labor force) Labor force, female (% of total labor force) Food price Index (1 995=1 00) Itprovement of AccessDllity and Comntunlicattio Roads, norma ized index* Roads paved (%)*. Telephone main)mes fper 1. 000 people)' Radios (per 1,000 people)' E ectric power consumpt on per capita (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' Sustaritnable Managemern of the Natural Resource Base Potentially arable and/ rural population (hal Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr GDP (cm/ m, lion $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (5/7 of tota) Annua detorestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland' potentially (non-marg nal) arable land (%) Irrigated land as 57 cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies (57) Policy ard firstittiornal Framework Fiscal decentralization (share of loca govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Loca govt spending/ central govt spending Local tax revenue/ local govt spending 169 Panama 1980 1990 1998 Population (mi ions) 2.0 2.4 2.8 GDP ($ millions) 3810 5,313 9,144 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 1,620 2,210 2.990 Rural population ( 1 of total) 50 46 44 Life expectancy 70 72 74 Surface area (1,000 sq km) 76 76 76 Population below the poverty line (% rural) 65 Morta ity rate, infant (per 1,000 live binths) 32 26 21 Safe water, rura (% of rural population with access) 66 73 Sanitation. rural (1 of rural population with access) 68 81 School enrollment. primary (1 gross)* 107 106 106 School enrollment, primary, male (%gross)* 108 t0o Schoo enrollment, primary. female (1/6 gross)' 105 104 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2.270 2,350 Z.480 Malnutriton prevalence (h of children under 5)' 16 6 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of fema e 15-24)' a 5 4 Illiteracy rate, adult femaie (% of female 15<)* 16 12 9 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-9B) 2.1 Agr GDP, agr. worker as 16 of total GDP/ worker 30 36 33 Agr. GDP" agr. worker annual growth (1980-98) 0.8 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr.. female (% of tota labor force) 6 4 3 Employees. services. female (% of total labor force) 81 86 86 Non-agr. GDP non-agr. worker (Speople) 7,173 7,011 9,415 Cereal yeld (kilograms per hectare) 1,539 1,867 1,875 Food production index (1989-91 I100) 84 103 96 Livestock production index (1989-91 =100) 71 101 119 Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 58.4 62 8 55 1 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural househo d Gross domestic savings ($ mi lions)' 1,162 1.139 2 147 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rura abor force (% of total abor force) 29 26 21 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 30 32 35 Food prce index (1995=1 00) 73 92 102 1i1rri et of ACCSSiMili l: 011m11nIciiadon Roads. normalized index' 115 Roads paved (%)* 32 28 Telephone mainl nes (per 1.000 people)* 65 93 151 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 154 232 299 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* 828 883 1152 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 56 98 62 Number of post otfices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' . 2 3 Sustalnaba iManaiem.nt of tha Natu! Resourel Base Potentially arable and/ rural popueal on (ha) 0 8 Freshwater withdrawa s for agr. agr GDP (cm m lion $) 12 6 Freshwater withdrawas for agr. % of totals 77 Anrual deforestation 1990-95 16 change) 2 1 Cropland, potent ally (non-margina) arab e and (16 .) 65 Irr gated land as % cropland 5.0 4.7 4.9 Cultivated tand with consemation technolog es (16) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expend ture) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Loca govt, spend ng central govt spending Local tax renxnue/ local govt spending 170 PaDua New Guinea 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 3.1 3.8 46 GDP ($ millions) 2,548 3,221 3,746 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 810 880 890 Rural population (% of total) 87 85 83 Life expectancy 51 55 58 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 463 463 463 Rab' ' Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 78 83 59 Safe water, rural I% of rural population with access) .. .. 17 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) .. .. t1 School enrollment, primary I% gross)* 59 72 80 School enrollment. primary, male (% gross)* 66 78 87 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* 51 66 74 Per capita dietary energy suppiy (calories)' 2,160 2,210 2,320 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* .. . 30 Youth illiteracy rate, ()'o of female 15-24)* 47 38 30 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)' 61 52 45 IrnpVuenit W RedtomM . . : Agr. GDP (value aWded), annual growth (1980-98) 2.4 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 40 37 32 Agr. GDPi agr. worker, annual growth (I1980-98) 0.7 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 92 89 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 6 8 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) 6,382 5,851 5,055 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 2,364 2,395 4.170 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 87 100 112 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 85 101 133 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 30.2 23.5 34.9 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 384 519 1,059 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 82 79 75 Labor force, female (% of totai labor force) 42 41 42 Food price index (1995=100) 44 73 114 Roads, normalized index . .. 26 Roads paved (%)* , 3 4 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 8 8 11 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 58 74 97 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 9 13 15 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Potentially arable land! rural population (ha) 1.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.J agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 1 3 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) .. .. 49 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.4 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) 15 Irrigated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%/6) Pflfcyand litntff .m, - : Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 171 Paraquav 1980 1990 1998 Population (mill ons) 3.1 4.2 5.2 GDP ($ millions) 4,579 5,265 8,608 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 1,460 1,190 1,760 Rural population of total) 58 51 45 Life expectancy 67 68 70 Surface area (1 000 sq. km) 407 407 407 Population below the poverty lne 1% rural) . 29 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live biohs) 50 31 24 Safe water, rural I% of rural population w th access) 7 6 Sanitation, rural (y of rural population with access) 44 School enrollment, pr mary (% gross)* 106 105 ItI School enrollment, primary, male (% gross) 109 107 112 School enrollment, primary, female ()%. gross)* 102 104 109 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2,550 2,450 2,510 Malnutrition prevalence (% of ch Idren under 5)' ,. 4 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15 24)' 7 5 3 Illiteracy rate, adult female I% of female 15+)- 18 12 9 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 33 Agr. GDP' agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 64 71 71 Agr. GDP agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 1.6 Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr., female (% of total labor force) 9 1 1 Employees, senvices, femame a% of total labor force) 70 84 87 Non-agr GDP/ nonagr. worker ($people) 5,155 4,062 5,103 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,508 1,836 2,038 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 59 102 124 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 62 99 118 Davtloporanit of Marketsij iA.i. t' iiiddljt'l';iii 'iii ij Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 19.4 55.1 33.2 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to f inance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 836 858 1,427 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% ot total labor force) 45 39 35 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 27 28 30 Foodppnceindex(t995-=OO) 5 45 123 kqXrovemnnt of Accesalbltti and Uoimimtl.iiof Roads. norma ized indexa Roads paved (%)* , 9 10 Te ephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 16 27 55 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 112 173 182 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)n 245 470 759 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 51 39 43 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)* Potentially arabie and/ rural population (ha) . .. 3.6 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.i agr GDP (cm/ million $) . 3.9 Freshwater withdrawa s for agr. (% of total) 78 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 2 6 Croplando potentially (non-marginal) arabae and (O) . 27 Irrigated land as % cropland 3.5 3.0 2,9 Cultivated and with consenation technologies (%) Fiscal decentralization (share of ocac govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt. spending' central govt spend ng Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 172 Peru 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 173 2' 6 248 GOP ($ millions) 20,661 32,802 62.745 GNP per capita, AUas method (US 3) 1,050 1.000 2,440 Rural population (% ot total) 35 31 28 Lie aexpectancy 60 66 69 Surface area I 000 sq em) 1.285 1 250 1,285 Ruiat *0i*- Population below tlhe poverty line 1% rural) 608 51 Mortalty rate, infant iper 1 000 live births) 81 54 40 Safe waler. rural (% ot rural population with access) 22 24 San tation. rar l1% o) rural population muth accessl '516 ' School enrollment. pr'mary i% gross)' 14 119 f23 School enrolment. primary, male 0-% gross)* 117 119 125 School enrollment primary, femrale (0- gross' 111t 116 121 Per capita d.etary energy supply (caloresl' 2 200 2,038 2,200 Malnutrition pre,alence 1% uf children unrec 5).. 17 8 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of tenmale 1-24)' 13 8 5 Illiteracy rate, adult female (l%of female 15')' 29 21 16 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth i1980-98) 2 7 Agr. GDPt agr. worver as - of total GDP. worker 25 20 23 Agr GDP.agr. worker, annual growth l198098) 1.? Rural non farm employment Employees, agr f emale ('-cl total laoor force) 25 0 5 Employees, services female (% Of total labor force) 61 84 63 Nonr-agr. GDP, non-agr. worker ($/people) 5.735 6,451 9.240 Cereal yieid (kilograrns per hectarcl t.818 2,601 2.766 Foox produrtion index (1989 91 = 100) 74 96 144 Livesfock production index 1989-91 100) 76 100 137 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 10.4 10.1 16 7 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per riral household Gross domestic savings iS millions)' 6,611 7.070 12,266 Agr. wage per agr. worker 1$1 . . .. Rural labor force r% of total labor force) 40 36 32 Labor force. female (% of total labor force) 24 28 31 Food price index (1995=1001 0 7 t21 h4V0flt of A=ft8Withtjii0d .c mtml- Roads, normalized index' . 43 Roads paved 1%)' 10 13 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 peoPe)' 7 25 67 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 159 252 2T73 Electric power consumption per capta (Whr)' 502 491 607 Daily newspapeps lper 1,000 people)' 0 0 Number of post offices (ruralh Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' -t%WWWM oVOtheKof aNtiSl Base, ' : Potentially arable landi rural pooulation (as; 2 0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr., agr. GDP 1cm. milor I 26.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (- of total) -2 Annual detorestation 1990-95 (% chargel G.3 Cropland, potenrially non-marganall arable land i1.) . . 29 lrrngated land as °% cropland 32 7 38.2 41.9 CUelated land with conservalion technologies (-,). Fiscal decentralizabon (share of local govt. experditure) No. of farmers organzations' no. of commmnity gro.tps Local govt. spending/ central govt. spendirg Local tax resverre local gout. spencing 173 PhiliDDines 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 48.3 62.6 75.2 GDP (S millions) 32,50D 44,331 65,107 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 690 730 1,050 Rural population (% of total) 63 51 43 Life expectancy 61 65 69 Surface ares (1,3000 q00 Population below the poverty line (% rural) .. 71 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 52 37 32 Safe water, rural I% of rural population with access) . 77 81 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) .. 67 64 School enrollment, primary (% gross)* 112 111 117 School enroliment, primary, male (%gross)* 114 113 115 School enrollment, prmary, female (% gross)* 110 109 113 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 2,220 2,350 2,380 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' 33 34 30 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 5 3 1 Illiteracy rate, adult temale (% of female 15+)* 12 8 5 | :r%,,r'. 1j ig Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 1.4 Agr. GDP! agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 48 48 41 Agr. GDP! agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 0.1 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 37 31 28 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 48 56 59 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 2,706 2,638 3,001 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1.606 2,065 2,545 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 87 104 125 Livestock production index (1989-91 =100) 74 102 169 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 18.1 12.7 11.7 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 7,861 8,149 10,599 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 52 46 41 Labor force, female I% of total labor force) 35 37 38 Food price index (1995=1 00) 18 65 121 Roads, normalized index' .. .. 83 Roads paved ()O)' . 0 20 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 9 10 37 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 43 142 159 Electric power consumption per capita (kwh)' 353 336 432 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 41 54 79 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* 4 6 13 Potentially arable land! rural population (ha) . . 1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cml million $) 74.9 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) .. .. 61 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 3.5 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) . .. 202 Irrigated land as %cropland 14.0 17.0 16.3 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) . Fiscal decentralizahon (shame of local govt. expenditure) .. No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups .. Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 174 Poland 1980 1990 1998 Population (mililons) 35 6 38.1 38.7 GDP ($ millions) 56789 61,197 158,574 GNP per capita. Aflas method (US $1 1.490 1,770 3,910 Rural populat on (% of total) 42 38 35 Life expectancy 70 71 73 Surface area (1.000 sq. km) 323 323 323 Rural Well-beitng Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortal ty rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 26 19 10 Safe water, rura (% of rural population w th access) Sanitation. rural (%4 of rural population with access) 100 School enrol ment, primary I% grossl' 100 98 96 School enrollment, primary, male I4 gross)' 100 99 97 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 99 98 96 Per capita dietary energy supply (ca oriesE' 3,520 3,370 3.330 Malnutrition preva ence (% of children under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate. (% of female 15-24)* 0 0 0 Illiteracy rate, adult female (%4 of female 15+)' 1 1 0 Improvertunt In the Rural Economy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth f1980-98) -0 9 Agr GDP,' agr. worker as 24 of total GDP/ worker , 29 21 Agr. GDP! agr. worker annual growth (1980-98) 0.5 RLiral non-farm employment Employees, agr , female (1% of total labor force) .. . 20 Employees. services, female I% of total labor force) . . 59 Non-agr GDP/ non-agr. worker iS$people) . 4,146 9,020 Cereal yield (k lograms per hectare) 2,337 3,284 3,038 Food production index I 1 989-91 = 1 00) 85 102 92 Livestock production ndex (1989-91 = 100) 102 103 87 QevelopMentof Mwiketes Agr exports as percent of agr value added 33.4 45 0 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural househo d Gross domestic savings f$ ml ons)' r3,321 19,318 33,729 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) - Rural labor force 1% of total labor force) 30 27 23 Labor force, female (/% of total labor force) 45 46 46 Food price ndex (1995=100) 0 22 147 Improvemen of AccessIbIllty and Conmunicaton Roads, normalized index' 118 Roads paved R/o' 62 66 Telephone mainlnes (per 1,000 peop e)' 55 86 228 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 299 433 523 Electric power consumpt on per capita (kW1h)* 2,352 2,525 2,451 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 236 128 113 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)' 36 42 SuatalabSe Management of th Natural ResourWe Saw Potentially arable land' rural population (ha) 1 1.3 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.i agr. GDP (cm; miilion $) 0 9 Freshwater withdrawals for agr ()f' of total) . 11 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% changei -0 1 Croplandi potentially (non-marginal) arab e land lol .. 83 Irrigated land as 2 cropland 0 7 0 7 0.7 Cuitivated land with conservation technologies (4). Potty andi ilns oral Frnewotk Fisca decentralizat on (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organ zationsa no of community groups Local govt. spending' central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ ocal govt. spending 175 Portuaal 1980 1990 1998 Populaton (millions) 9.8 9.9 10.0 GOP <$ miltions) 28,730 69,132 106,697 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 2,910 6,240 10,670 Rural population ('a of total) 71 53 39 ife expectancy 71 74 75 Surface area (t,000 sq. km) 92 92 92 Rural iWefllbeing 00ti0:0 Population be ow the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant oper r 000 live births) 24 ri 8 Saoe water, rural (% of rural population with access) Sanitatiorn. rural `% of riral populat on with access) . 100 Scrool enro ment prmary (%gross)-' 23 123 128 School enro Iment, primary, male (% gross)' 124 126 131 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 123 120 124 Per cap ta dietary energy supply (caories!* 29830 3,480 3,620 Malnutrilion prevalence (% of ch Idren under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate. (% of female 15 24)' 2 0 0 Illteracy rale, adult temale (% of temale 1 5)a 23 16 11 IMprovement in Ibe RurAl tit6nom Agr. GDP (value added) annual growth (1980 98) 0.8 Agr GDP, agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker 36 26 Agr GDP agr. worker, annual growth (1 980 98) 43 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr . female (% of total labor force) 35 21 16 Employees, setvices, 'ema e (% of Iota labor force) 40 53 64 Non-agr GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 16.380 24.076 Cerea yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,275 1,878 2.794 Food production index (t989-91 = 100) 71 100 93 Lvestock product on index (1989-91 = OO) 72 101 116 Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 21.0 32.2 Percent of agr. production sold n domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic sav ngs ($ mit ons)' 6,152 14,741 17,081 Agr wage per agr. worker (S) Rural labor force (% ,of total labor forcer 26 18 14 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 39 43 44 Food price ndex( I995-100) 16 76 107 Inp f r Aoef OfessOiblfty And Comrnunic tlorr Roads, norma ized ndex' 70 Roads payed (%) 86 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 107 243 413 Radios (per t000 people)' 179 228 304 Electric power consumption per capita (kVVh)' 1,469 2,379 3,206 Dai y newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 49 45 75 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 5 78 Sustainale Ma "agmen Alhthe Ata Res6oure Bass Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 023 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. agr. GDP (cm mlJ ion $) 35 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 48 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) e09 Crop and! potent a ly (non-marginal) arable land). 183 Irrigated land as % crop and 20.t r9 9 21.8 Cultivated land w th conservation technolog es (%) Fiscal decentralization (share of loca goat expenditure) No. of farmers organizations, no. of commun ty groups Loca govt. spending/ centra govt spending Loca tax revenuei ocal gova. spending 176 Puerto Rico 1980 1990 1998 Populabon (n illionsl 3.2 3.5 3 9 GDP ($ millions) 14,436 30.604 42,364 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 3,720 6,150 6,960 Rural population (% of total) 33 29 26 Life expectancy 74 75 76 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 9 9 9 RuraIW*bohlng Population below the poverty line I% rural) .. . Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 19 14 10 Safe water, rural I% of rural population with access) . . Sanitation, rural (% of rural populab on winh access) .. . Schoo enrollment, primary (% gross)* 93 . . Schoo enroliment. primary male (% gross)* Schoo enrollment, primary. female (% gross)' Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' Malnutrition prevalence )% of children under 5)' .. .. - Youth illiteracy rate, ()/% of lemale 15-24)* 4 3 2 illiteracy rate. adult female (% of female 15+)' 12 9 7 ptrovemeat lt fthe kumla Eoorfti Agr GDP (value added), annual growfh (6 980-98) Agr GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker 45 33 32 Agr GDRP agr. worker, annual growt (i1980-98) Rural non-farm employment .. -. Employees, agr, female 1% of total lator force) 1 1 0 Employees. services, temale (% of total labor force) 70 79 84 Non-agr. GDP. non-agr. worker $/peopre) 14,734 25,875 2S.476 Cereal yield )kdiograms per hectare) 8,561 4 909 4,000 Food production index (1989-91 = 10) 97 98 82 Livestock production index (1989-91 = tOO) 88 100 88 Dweoepment of Maid.ts Agr exports as percent of agr alue adderl . .. Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 1,399 5,315 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor torce I% of total labor force) 6 4 3 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 32 34 37 Food price index (1995=100) 51 72 134 improvremflt of AoCsib8y ad omunWation Roads, normalized ndex* .. .. - Roads paved (%)' 100 100 Telephone mainlines (per t,000 people)' 129 279 351 Radios (per 1.000 people)* 624 711 753 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 160 129 126 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)' SUWtaIabIe,Vnag.ntent oflhe O attrg Ruo#es l Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) . 0.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million $) Fresnwater wthdrawals for agr. (% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.9 Cropland! potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) . .. 70 Irrigated land as %cropland 39.0 39.0 51.3 Cuftvated lane with conseNvation technologies 1°) f7licy and Itfituftfal FramBewori Fiscal decentralization (share of loca govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations' no of community groups Loca govt spending/ centra govt spending Local tax revenue' local govt spending 177 Qatar V, i;Ł I . ,: MEW- Ilt '^:4, 19&0 1990 1998 Population (millions) 0.2 0.5 0.7 GDP ($ m llions) 7,829 7,360 9,243 GNPpercapita. Atlas method (US$) 33,420 15,310 12000 Rural population (% of total) 14 t 0 8 Life expectancy 67 72 74 Surface area (1 .OOO sq. km) 1 1 1 1 1 1 h8S1 ,tj W*I l.f;(.0trtY <..0:;;f 0g5.0˘ j0-bdng;Si2;i 00:til0ifii$0; t0;tfi Population below the poverty line (/ rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live birnhs) 41 21 18 Safe water, rural (% of rural populat on with access) 50 100 100 Sanitation, rura (% of rural population with access) .. t00 100 School enrol ment, primary (% gross)* 105 97 86 School enroliment, primary, male (%0 gross)+ 107 101 87 School enrol ment, primary, female (% gross)' 102 94 86 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)u Malnutrition prevalence 1% of children under 5)* 6 Youth illiteracy rate, (%/ou female 15-24)' 15 7 4 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female t5+)' 35 24 18 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (t 980 98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (1/0 of total labor force) 0 0 Employees, services, female I% of total labor force) 100 97 Non-agr. GDP! non-agr. worker (Speople) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 2,623 2,897 3,4t 3 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 36 95 179 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 34 102 140 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 3 3 2 Labor force, female (% of total lasor force) 7 11 1 4 Food price index (1995=1O) Roads. normalized index' Roads paved (%)* . 86 90 Telephone mainlires (per 1,000 people)' 134 190 260 Radios (per 1t000 people)* 393 425 450 Electric power consumption per capita (kVW)' 9,489 9.399 8.959 Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 131 165 130 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' S.a -naJet4w b7 W'utun of th'e thwu Xe.vc iiifiinet00i i Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million $) Freshwater withdrawals tor agr. (% of total) Annual deforestaticn 1990-95 (% change) Cropland, potent al y (non-marginal) arable land iO) Irrigated land as % cropland 60.0 54.5 76.5 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (5) Fiscal decentralication (share ot local goat. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Loca govt. spending centra govt spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 178 Romania 1980 1990 1998 Populat on I milions) 22 2 23 2 22 5 GDP ($ miilions) 38,299 38.158 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) . ,720 1,360 Rural population fIt of total) 51 46 44 Life expectancy 69 70 69 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 238 238 238 Rurat Wellbeting Population below the poverty line (% rural) . 28 Mortality rate, infant (per 1t000 live births) 29 27 21 Safe water, rural (It of rural population with access) . 10 Sanitatian, rural (It of rural popu ation with access) . . 3 School enrollment pnmary (It gross)y 104 91 104 School enrollment prrmary. male f(%gross)' 104 91 104 School enro lment. pr mary, female (It gross)' 103 91 103 Per capita dietary energy sjpply(calonesi* 3,340 3,160 3,170 Malnutrition prevalence I% of children under 5)' .. 6 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of fema e 15-24P' 1 1 0 Iliteracy rate, adult female (It of female 15-)* 7 5 3 Improvennt In fhe Rural Economy Agr GDP (value added). annual growth (1980-98) 0.8 Agr. GDP! agr. worker as % of total GDP' worker 78 91 Agr. GDP/ agr worker, annual growth (I 980-98) 54 Rura non-farm employment Employees. agr., female (% of total labor force) 34 43 Employees, services female (% of total labor force) . 29 33 Non-agr. GDP,n on-agr. worker ($fpeoplef . 3.851 3,617 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 2,994 3.011 2,631 Food production ndex (1989-91 = 100) 109 95 95 Lvestock production index 11989-91 = 100) 107 100 87 Devept,lmen of Markets Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 1.2 9 9 Percent of agr production sold In domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ mU ions)' 7,964 3,508 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural abor force (It of total labor force) 35 24 17 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 46 44 44 Food price index (1995=100) 1 1 509 kImvmenlft of Accesatblflty emn Comnwrtatilon Roads, normalized index' . . 82 Roads paved (0/)' - 51 68 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 73 102 162 Radios (per 1,900 peop e)' 252 286 319 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 2,434 2,337 1.704 Daly newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 181 271 300 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 13 15 Suslairable Management of the atur2d Rlesource Orse Potentially arable land/ rural population (hal 09 Freshwater w thdrawals for agr / agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 44.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) 59 Annuai deforestation 1990-95 (It change) 0.0 Cropland/ potent al y (non-marginal) arable land (It) . .. 118 Irrigated land as % cropland 21.9 31.0 312 Cultivated land with conservaton technologies (%) Pdicy and Inatttutkonta Franeworkt Fiscal decentralization (share of loca govt expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt. spend ng/ centra govt spending Local tax revenue; oca govt spending 179 Russian Federation 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 139.0 148.3 146.9 GDP ($ millions) . 579.068 276,611 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) .. 3,830 2,260 Rural population (% of totas) 30 26 23 Life expectancy 67 69 67 Surface area)(1,000sq. km) . 17,075 17,075 Population below the poverty line I% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per t 000 live births) 22 17 17 Safe water, rural (% at ruran populatron with access) . . Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) Schoo enrollment, primary (% gross)* 102 109 107 School enrollment, prmary, male (%gross)* 102 109 108 School enrolment, primary, female (%gross)* 102 109 107 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 2,990 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' . 3 Youth lliteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)7 0 0 0 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+,) 2 1 1 Agr. GDP (value added). annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 56 61 Agr. GDPi agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 13 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 50 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) . 6,053 3,699 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) .. 1,739 948 Food production index (1989-91 1 t 00) .. 88 59 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) .. 80 52 Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 3.0 4.8 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 175,730 58,693 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural lasor force (% of total labor force) . 13 11 Lasor force, femaJe (% of total labor force) 49 48 49 Food price index (1995=100) . 0 195 Roads, normalized index' Roads paved ( -- 74 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 70 140 197 Radios (per 1,000 people)* .. 372 418 Electric power consumption per capita (kWlh) 4 706 5,821 3,981 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' . 502 105 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people) sw *e taow *i Twf R t Ps tettt,.t,, Potentially arable and/ rural population (ha) 4.8 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cnv million $) 5.5 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (%/o of total) . . 23 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 00 Croplandi potentially (non-marginal) arable land ('A) . . 79 Irrigated land as % cropland .. 4 1 3.9 Cultivated land with conservation technologies ( Fiscal decentralizat on (share of local govt. expend ture) No. of farmers organizationsi no of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ loca govt. spend ng 180 Rwanda 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 5.2 7.0 81 GDP ($ millions) 1.163 2,584 2,024 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 250 370 230 Rural population (% of total) 95 95 94 Life expectancy 46 40 41 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 26 26 26 Popuiation below the poverty ine (% rural) Mortality rate, Infant (per 1,000 live births) 128 132 123 Sate water, rural (% of rural population with access) .. .. 44 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population win access) School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 63 70 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 66 70 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 60 69 Per capita dietary energy supply Icalories)' Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* 29 Youth illiteracy rate, 1° of female t5-24)' 51 33 21 Illiteracy rate, adult female )°% of female 15+)* 71 56 43 Agr GDP (value addedl, annual growth (1980-98) -2.1 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 49 35 49 Agr. GDPi agr. worker. annual growth (1980 98) -2 6 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor lorce) 98 98 Employees, services. female (% of total labor force) 1 2 Non-agr GDR' non-agr. worker ($,peoplel 3.298 5,792 3.451 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,212 1.244 1,177 Food prodution index (1 989-91 = 100) 88 tO0 82 Livestock production index (19989-91 = 100) 83 99 98 OwMopmljfflit j; Fiscal decertralization (snare of local govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizationse no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 188 Slovak Republic 1980 1990 1998 Population (milions) 5.0 5.3 5 4 GDP ($ milions) .. 15.485 20.362 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) . 3,340 3.700 Rural population (% of total) 48 44 43 Lde expectancy 70 71 73 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) . . 49 RSattWA4Wh Population be ow the poverty I ne (% rural) Mortality rate, nfant (per 1.000 live births) 21 12 9 Safe water, rural (% of rural populaoton with ao^ess) . .. Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary (%gross)* .. 101 102 School enrollment. primary, male (%gross)' . 101 102 School enrollment, primary, female (%gross)' 101 102 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories) . .. 2.970 Malnutrition preva ence (% of children under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* Illiteracy rate. adult female (% of female 15+). Ittrve?t In the fti,r EcotR ow Agr. GDP (value added), annual growlh (1 980-98) -1.9 Agr. GDP/ agr worker as % of totat GDP/ worker Agr. GDP! agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment .. Employees. agr, female (% of total labor force) 13 9 6 Employees, services, female (% of total labor torce) 54 60 67 Non-agr. GDP! non-agr. worker I$Speop e) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) .. 4,225 Food producton inde 11989-91 = 100) . 73 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 718,314 Df_ehmerolntof Matrkel Agr. exports as percent of agr value added Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 3,749 5.750 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural abor force (% of total labor force) Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45 48 48 Food price index (1995=100) 0 38 116 brrovemtW of Accseoa Oand Oomotu Woln Roads, normalized index' Roads paved (%) . 99 99 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)* 94 135 286 Radics (per 1, 000 people) . 485 580 Electric power consumpt on per cap ta (kWh)' 3.817 4,432 4,243 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* . 246 195 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* .. 61 15 sube,Men.g enet of the ,Nin ROMrl Bamse- Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 06 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.I agr. GDP (cm/ milion $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of tota) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) -0. 1 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land 1%) . . 1. f6 Irrigated land as % cropland 11.8 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Poiy and lt*Ittoft Fr8me rfkt Fiscal decentralization (share of locat govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations no. of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue' local govt. spending 189 Slovenia 1980 1990 1998 Population (mi ions) 1.9 2.0 2.0 GDP ($ millions) 12673 19,524 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) - 9,780 Rural population (% of total) 52 50 50 Life expectancy 70 73 75 Surface area (1.000 sq. km) . 20 20 Population below the poverty ne (t rurar) Mortality rate, irtant ˘per 1,000 live blit's 15 a 5 Safe water. rural (% of rural population with access) 97 Sanitation rural of rural population with accessi 80 95 Schoo enrollment, primary (% gross)' 98 t08 98 SchooI enrolment, primary, male (°/ gross)' 102 98 School enrol ment, primary, female (%gross)' 101 98 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 3,230 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' Youth iliteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 0 0 0 Illiteracy rate, adut female (% of female t15)' I 1 0 Iri29vwwn fi0ie thei R t* i on) i; Agr GDP tvalue added), annuaJ growth (1980-98! Agr. GDP agr. worker as ,01 of tota GDPi worker -. f05 t 4t Agr. GDP agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (°, of totsa labor force) 17 6 t 3 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 46 55 57 Non-agr. GDP/ non agr. worker ($/people) 12,593 18,926 Cereal yield (ilograms per hectare) . 3.609 5,802 Food producton index (1989 91 = 100) 77 97 Livestock production Index (1 989 91 I 100) 77 97 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 73.5 51.7 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Aocess to finance system per rural household Gross domest c sav ngs ($ m 11 ons)' 3.348 49636 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 5 2 Labor force. female (% of total labor force) 46 46 46 Food price index (t995 O00) 9 129 Roads, normalized index' .. 95 Roads paved (%)' 72 91 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' . 211 375 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 263 350 406 Electr c power consumption per cap ta (kWh)' 4.089 4,875 4.955 Da y newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 152 199 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)' 8 4 Potentially arable and/ rural population (ha) 0.5 Freshwater withdrawals for agri agr. GDP (cm! mi lion $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0 0 Cropiandi potentialiy (non margina ) arable land (%) 65 Irr gated land as % cropland 0.7 0 7 Cultivated land with conservation technologies Fiscal decentraiization (share of local govt expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Loca govt. spend ngi central govt. spending Loca tax revenuei oca govt spend ng 190 Solomon Islands 1980 1990 1998 Popu at on (mil ons) 0 2 03 04 GDP ($ mi ions) 116 211 301 GNP per capita Atlas method (US 0) 440 720 760 Rura popu at on (% ot tota) 90 85 81 Life expectancy 65 69 71 Surface area (1,000 sq kin) 29 29 29 Rutal Wail-beitg Population below the poverty line 1% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 42 29 22 Safe water, rural (o of rural populaton with access) 62 San tation, rura (% of rura population with access) School enro Iment. pr mary (% gross)* 76 85 97 School enrollment. primary, male %o grossj- 85 91 103 School enrollment, primary, female (Os gross) 65 78 89 Per capita dietary energy supply (calor es)* 2 230 2 t 40 2,130 Malnutrition prevalence 1% of children under 5)9 21 Youth illiteracy rate, (%O of fema e 15-24U Illiteracy rate, adult femae (%Oof female 15-7 Improvement In the Rural Econormy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr worker as °O of total GDP/ worker Agr GDPi agr worker annual growth (t980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr.. female (%O of tote labor torce) Employees, services, female f% ot tota labor force) Non-agr GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3,685 Food production index 1989-9t = tO0) 96 97 121 Livestock producton Index (1989-91 = 1001 tO6 99 tO6 Development of Markets Agr exports as percent of agr value added Percent of agr producOion sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rura household Gross domestic savings ($ millions) 8 6 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural abor force (%O of total labor force) 79 76 74 Labor force, female (/O of total labor force) 47 47 47 Food price index (1995=100) twremwnt of Acceatibilily ano Communication Roads, normalized Indexs Roads paved (%s)' 2 3 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 6 14 19 Rados(perl1,OOpeoplel' 88 119 141 Electric power consumptior per capita (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1 000 people)* Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 peopleE Sustainable Management of the Natrat Resouce Base Potent a ly arab e and/ rural population (ha) . 0 1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr; agr. GDP (cm/, mNi ion $) . 0.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (9 of total) . 40 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (°s change) Cropland, potential y (non-marginal) arable land ). 164 Irr gated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservaron technologies (%) Policy and Institutional Framerwork Fiscal decentralization (share of loca govt. expend ture) No of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt spending/ centra govt spending Local tax revenue/ ocal govt spending 191 Somalia 1980 1990 1998 Population (mi ionsf 5.9 7.8 9.1 GDP ($ milliors) 604 917 GNP per cap ta, At as method (US $) 110 120 Rural population (% of total) 78 76 73 Life expectancy 43 42 48 Surface area (1 .000 sq. kmi 638 638 638 Population below the poverty line I% rural) Morta ify rate, infant (per I 000 live births) 145 152 r 21 Safe water, rural (% of rura population with access) 20 Sanitat on, rural (% of rural populat on w th access) School enro Imenrt pr mary I% gross)' 22 School enollment. pfimaly. male .o gross)* 26 School enrollment pr mary, female (°, gross)' 15 Per capra d etary energy supply (calories' Malnutrition prevalence (% of chi dren under 5P . Youth ill teracy rate. (r of female 15 24)' Illiteracy rate, adult fema e (% of female 1 5)' Agr. GDP (va ue added) annual growth (I 980-98) Agr GDP, agr worker as % of total GDP; worker 82 83 Agr. GDPR agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm emp oyment Employees, agr. female (% of total abor force) 90 87 Employees, services. female `rr of total abor force) 8 t t Non-agr. GDP non-agr worker ($ipeople) 375 408 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 465 793 384 Food production idex (1 989 91 = t 00) Livestock production noex (1989 91 = O)f Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 492 12 8 Percent of agr. product on so d n domestic market Access to finance system per rura household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 78 114 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force i% of tota labor force) 78 75 72 Labor force, fema e (1" of total labor force) 43 43 43 Food price index (99595- 00) inipfrovememr of Accesibiift aSW CorI1nnatfon i; Roads normalized index' Roads paved I%' .. 1t 12 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 1 2 t Radios (per t 000 people)* 17 37 46 Electr c power consumption per capita (kWh)' Da y newspapers (per 1.000 people)" 1 1 NLimber of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Su ;stainable Managemt of tihe atuofal Resouwirce Basl Potentially arable lane rural populat on (ha) 0°0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr X agr GDP (cml million $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr M of total, 97 Annual deforestation 1990095 (O/ change) Croplandx potent al y (non marginal) arable and (% 1t575 Irrigated land as % cropland 12.5 17.3 18.9 Cultivated and with conservation technologies (%) Policy andrilnsittfional PramwaOrk Fiscal decentralization (shrare of ocal goot expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt spend ng Local tax revenue, local govt. spending 192 South Africa 1980 1990 1998 Population (mil ions) 27.6 352 41.4 GDP ($ millons) 80,544 111,997 133,461 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 2,540 2,890 3,310 Rural population (% of tots) 52 51 47 Life expectancy 57 62 63 Surtace area (1,000 sq km) 1,221 1.221 1,221 Aural Watt-eing Population below the poverty line (% rural) Morality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 67 55 51 Safe water, rural I% of rural population with accessl Sanitaton, rurar (%/, of rurai poputabon with access) .. 12 Schoo enrolment, primary (% gross)* 90 122 133 School enrollmem, prmary. male (%gross)' .. 123 135 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' .. 121 131 Per capita dietary energy supply (caloriesl 2.830 2,870 2,840 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* .. .. 9 Youth tliteracy rate. (% of temale 15-24)' 15 12 9 11 iteracy rate, adult female (0ft of female 15+)* 25 20 16 brtveen fn the ArsifEomnonttr Agr. GDP (va ue added). annual grownt (1980-98) 1.5 Agr GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 34 31 35 Agr GDP/ agr worker. annua growth (1980-98) 21 Rjral non-farm employment Employees, agr , female (% of total labor force) 16 10 Employees, sermices. female (f of total labor force) 68 76 Non-agr. GDPi non-agr worker ($peopel 8,678 9,172 8.933 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 2,019 1,880 2.166 Food production index (1989-91 = 1001 91 98 97 L vestock production index (1989-9r = 1001 90 101 94 Dewelopmntt of Makets Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 45.8 40 7 44.6 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural housenold Gross domestic savings I$ millions)* 25,294 19,690 22,495 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force I% of totat sor iryn) 17 14 10 Labor force, female I% of total labor force) 35 37 38 Food price index (1995=100) 12 51 123 fmp"vremetof A lnd Comxu*Icon Roads, normalized index' . .. 101 Roads paved (%)' .. 30 12 Telephone mainlines (per t ,000 people)' 55 87 115 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 271 303 317 Electric power oensumption per capita (kWh)' 3,213 3.676 3,800 Daly newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 51 38 32 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* 7 8 7 &astatrtbeIe *b sme offt. litt f es Potentially arable land! rural populattion (ha) 0.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr, GDP (cmr million $) 72 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) .. ,, 72 Annual deforestaion 1990-951% change) 02 Cropland/ potent ally lnon-marginal) arable land (0-I 547 Irrigated land as % cropland 8.5 9 0 78 Curlvated land with conservation technologies )%( . Polc fndr ItltttitonPr F 1acwk Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expend ture) No. of farmers organizations! no. of community groups Loca govt. spending/ central govt spending Local tax revenue. local govt. spending 193 SDain 1980 1990 1998 Popu at on (millions) 37.4 38.8 39.4 GDP($millions) 213,308 491.938 553,230 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 5,740 11,220 14,100 Rural population (%of totau) 27 25 23 Life expectancy 76 77 78 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 506 506 506 Population below the poverty line I% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1.000 live births) 12 8 5 Safe water, rural I% of rural population with access) Sanitation, rura (% of rural popu ation with access) 100 School enrollment, primary (%gross)* t09 109 107 School enrollment, primary, male (%gross)' 110 109 109 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' 109 108 109 Per capita dietary energy supply (loaories)' 3,080 3.330 3.360 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' Youth literacy rate, (% of female 15 24)' 1 0 0 Illiteracy rate, adult femate (%of female 15,)' 8 5 4 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth 11980-98) t 1 Agr. GDP, agr. worker as °7O of total GDP,' worker . 39 39 Agr. GDP/ agr worker, annual growth (1980-98) 2 7 Rural non-farm employment Emp oyees, agr., female f% of tota lasor force) 18 10 6 Employees, serices. female (% of total labor force) 60 73 80 Non-agr. GDP' non agr worker (S'people) .. 33,365 36.485 Cereal yield (klograms per hectae) 2480 2 485 3,434 Food production index (1989-91 - 100) 87 103 109 Livestock production index (1989-91 100) 86 100 122 Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 34.3 74.4 Percent of agr. production so d in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Grossdomesticsavings($ millions)' 44.216 108.180 116.349 Agt. wage per agr. worker ($) Rura labor force (% of total labor force) 18 12 8 Labor force. female ()%of total labor force) 28 35 37 Food price index (1995=100) 34 83 106 Roads, normalized ndex' - 97 Roads paved (C%)- - 74 99 Telephone mainl nes (per 1,000 people)' 193 316 414 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 259 301 333 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 2.401 3,239 3,899 Daly newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 93 89 100 Number of post off ces (rural) Two wreelers (per 1,000 people)* 33 79 34 Potentially arable land, rural population (ha) .. 0.2 Freshwater wthdrawals for agr.i agr GDP (cm/ million $) . 3.6 Freshwaterwrthdrawals for agr. )%. of total' 62 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (%change) 0a0 Croplancd potenbally (non marginal) arable land (Cd 944 Irrigated land as % cropland 1498 169 18.8 Cultivated land with oonservation technologies f) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizat ons' no. of community groips Local govt spend ng central govt spending Loca tax revenue/ local govta spend ng 194 Sri Lanka 1980 1990 1998 Popuiatacr rillions( 14.7 170 18.8 GDP $ mil ainsf 4024 8,032 157Q7 GNP per capita, Atlas method (tS 9i 280 470 810 Roral opualahfon of total) 78 79 77 L fe expectancy 68 71 73 Sunrace area i1.000 sq. km) 6c 66 66 Rursi W'0ellnga Populalion below the poverty ice l nral . 8 .. Mortal ty rate. infant (per 1,000 live birnhs) 34 ,9 16 Safe waler, rural (% ot rural popurlaron wtln access). 4 Santsaron, rural (% at rural populaion with accessl . 8 School enrolment, pi mnary (% gross)' 103 106 tO9 Scno6 enrollment, prrmary, male (- gross)' 105 107 110 School enrollment, prirary. iemas l%6 grossi' 100 105 106 Per cap ta dietary energy supply (ca ores)' 2,300 2.220 2.290 Manutrlition prevalence (14 of children under 5; 38 You,ro Irieracy ratel, l'" of lemale 15 24)' 9 r 4 (Ill eracy rate, adult temale 1° of female 15)' 2t 15 12 h9 rttm 8r tie RtAural toonoWW" Agr. GDP fealue adoed(. annual growth 11980-98) 2 0 Agr GDP, agr. worker as t of total GDP worker 50 49 41 Agr GDP' agr. worker, annual growth 11980-981 0 5 Rural rion-farm ernpoymern .. -. Employees, agr., lmemale (% ot total labor forcel 1 .. 40 Emp oyees, senrices. female f% o1 total labor forceI 28 34 Non-agr. GDP'i nn-agr. worker ($people( 1.137 1,734 2.967 Cereal yield )iklogramns per heclarei 2,501 7.965 3.156 Food productionr dex (1989-91= 102) 100 105 114 Liveslock productor mdex t1989-91 = t00) 95 10t 133 OefallientW Of Marets Agr. expons as percentl o agr. value added 48 0 39 0 36 2 Percent of agr. productlio sod in domestic market ... Access to linance systern per rurta hoisehod .. - .. GrDss donesgc savings I$ miflions)' 450 1 150 2 971 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force )k. of lotal labor forcef 52 48 46 Labor torce tema(e (5% oa totaa abor forcei 27 34 36 Food price index (1995=100) 19 62 147 Impivi"Mart Ot ACco"ibOy an C9nuinCatt Roads. normalized idex' 131 Roads paved )%)' 32 95 Telephone mainines (per 1,000 peep e)' 4 7 28 Radios (per 1,000 peopfe)' 101 200 209 Electric power consumption per capita (kWhl' 96 153 227 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peopiel' 31 32 28 Number of post olfices (rural) Two wheefers (per 1,000 people)' 6 23 28 susitabwf lMnagnement O t*e Ntur9 Rwurwe 9e Potentally arable land rural population (ha) - .. 02 Freshwater willdrewals for agr.! agr. GDP (cm, nrillio 5i . 59.7 Freshwarer withdrawa s for agr. Il,, af tltaiJ 96 Annual deforestation 1990-95 M. chagre) 1.1 Gropland,' potentialfy mion-margpnal) aiable land iSa 73 Irrigated land as °4 cropland 27.9 27 4 31.8 Cfltivated land with conserval on fechnolOg85 (5) Piity and ISftfluio8t f aF work Fiscal decertralizatlin (share of loae 9got expendirure) No. of farriers orgapizations. ro o0t comrmurniy groups Local govt spending- central govt spendpng . Local lax revenue; local gost spending 195 St. Kitts and Nevis 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 0.0 0.0 0.0 GDP ($ miions) 48 157 291 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 1.270 3,600 6,r90 Rural population (% of total) 64 65 66 Life expectancy 64 67 70 Surface area (1.000 sq. kIm) 0 0 0 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 45 26 21 Safe water, rural (% of rural populat on with access) Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) School enrol ment, primary (% gross)^ School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* School enrollment, primary, female () gross)* Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)^ 1,980 2,320 2,250 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5). Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)^ Ililteracy rate, aduh femaie I% of female 15+)^ Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) -0.6 Agr. GDP agr. worker as % of totai GDP/ worker Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1 980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr.. female (% of total labor force) . 9 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) . 70 Non-agr. GDP non-agr. worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 150 88 1t14 Livestockproducton index (1989-91 =100) 113 100 101 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 1703 126.6 199.4 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to f nance system per rural household o - Gross domestic savings ($ milions)^ 4 38 57 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force, female (% of total labor force) Food price index (1995=100) 2iup,swant otAonsSbiRty at Ci,O#r i i:WIbi Roads, normalized index' Roads paved (%)^ 39 43 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)* . 237 418 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 452 660 682 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 1.3 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.i agr. GDP (cm. milion $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% ot total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) 22 Irrigated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservation tecnnologies (%) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organzationss no. of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenuel local govt. spending 196 .St. Lucia 1980 1990 1998 Population (millionsl 01 0.1 0.2 GDP ($ millions) 133 397 610 GNP per cap,ta, Atlas method (US $) .. 2,480 3,660 Rural popuiation (%' of total) 63 63 62 Life expectancy 69 71 72 Surface area ( 1,000 sq. km) 1 1 1 RtutalWel'fbe4ing Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, Insant (per 1,0001 ve births) 25 19 17 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) Santation, rural (% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary (% gross)* School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' Per capita dietary energy supply (calories) 2.270 2,630 2,780 Malnutritior, prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Youth ilifteracy rate, (% of female 15-24). Iliteracy rate. adult female (% of female 15+). htSpow lrfi the Rts3ratEco0m Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1 980-98) 3.4 Agr. GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker . . Agr. GDPi agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr. female (% of total labor force) Employees, services. female (% of total labor force) Non-agr GDP, non-agr worker ($fpeople) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) . . Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 61 109 75 Livestockproduction index (1989-91 - 100) 91 100 105 dopmbro of Makets- Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 124.5 177 1 79. 7 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market . .. Access 10 finance system per rural household .. . Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 9 56 98 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force, female (% of total labor force) Food price index (1995=100) .=tf;et f AOMOMblf,tly VW Roads, normalized index* Roads paved (° - 5 5 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people) 42 127 268 Radios (per 1,000 peoplel 704 746 742 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' .. 1 4 Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 0.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr., agr. GDP (cm. million $) 0.0 Freshwaler withdrawals for agr. (% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) 442 Irrigated landas % cropland 5.9 11.1 176 Cultivated land with conservabon technologies i%) .. . POd ndc In*Uulilia" Framorvh: Fiscal decentralization (share of loGa) govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 197 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1980 1990 1998 Population (mil ons) 0.1 0.1 0.1 GDP ($ m llions) 60 198 3t6 GNP per capita Atlas metltod (US $ 640 1,740 2,560 Rural populatisn (s of total) 73 59 48 Life expectancy 68 70 73 Surface area (t ,000 sq km1 0 0 0 Population be ow the poverty line , ural) Monality rate nfant (per 1.000 live brthsi 31 21 22 Safe water, rural (% of rural population wth access' Sanitation, rural (te. of rurai population with accessJ Schoo enrollment, primary (% gross)' School enrollment pr mary, male (% gross)' School enrohlment primary temale I% gross)' Per capita d etary energy supply (ca oriesjk 2,480 2,360 2.430 Malnutrition prevalence (% of chiudren under 5)' Youth I teracy rate, (of female 15-24)' 11 iteracy rate, adult female I% of female 15-)' Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980 98) 2.3 Agr. GDP agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker Agr. GDPi agr worker annual growth (1980-98) Pura non-tarm emp ovment Employees, agr female (% of total labor force) 14 Employees, services female (% of tota labor torce) 75 Non agr. GDP/ non agr worker ($5people) . Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3,313 3,567 3,322 Food production index (t 98991 t I 00) 66 106 77 Livestock production index (1989-91 -1 00) 82 tOo 101 Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 189.1 170.0 160.6 Percent of agr. production co d in domestic market Access to finance system per rura household Gross domestic savings ($ millionse' 7 37 34 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force )% ol totae labor force, Labor force female (°i, of total abor force) Food price index It995 tO0) Imprwoeeot Accessibility an d ComiaWtIon Roadss, normalized in0e' Roads paved 28 31 Te ephone mainl nes (ert 1.000 people)' 36 124 188 Radios (per 1.000 peoplei' 429 662 690 Electr c power consumption per cap ta (kWh)' Daily newspapers (per t .000 peop e)' 0 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people1 sustainable manaoemnft ofthe au esr Base Potent a Iy arab e land/ rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawa s for agr./ agr. GDP (cmf mi lion .. 00 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of tota Annual deforestation 1990-95 I% change) Cropland/ potentially (ron margina) arable land Iv) Irrigated land as v% cropland 10.0 9.t 9.1 Cultivated land with conservation technologees ft PoaIcy end Istitl ttuinal FM; f -;rt Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt spend ng Local tax revenue/ local govt spending 198 Sudan 1980 1990 1998 Population (mil,lonsl 18.7 24.1 28.3 GDP ($ millions) 7,617 13,167 10,366 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 480 610 290 Rural population (% of total) B0 73 66 Lfe expectancy 48 51 55 Surface area 11,000 sq. km) 2,506 2506 2.506 Rual Weling Population below the poverty line (% rural) . Mortalty rate. infant (per 1,000 live hirths) 94 85 69 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 45 .. 45 Sanitalion. rural (%/O of rural population with access) . .. 4 School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 50 53 51 School enrollment primary, ma e 1% gross)* 59 60 55 School enrollment, primary, female (" gross)* 41 45 47 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2.250 2,170 2,290 Malnutriton prevalence (i/ ot children under 5)' . 34 Youth iliteracy rate (%ooft emale 15-24)* 65 46 32 Iliteracy rate, adult temale (% of female t5v)' 81 68 57 mpwovemeant in thie Rurat EgooonW Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 41 .. 57 Agr GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth ( r 980-98. Rural non farm employment Employees, agr, female (% of total labor force) 88 84 Employees. services, temale (% of total labor force) 8 11 Non-agr GDP, non-agr. worker ($rpeople) 2,807 1,624 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 630 456 580 Food production ndex (1989-91 = 100) 103 92 156 Livestock production ndex (1989-91 = 100) 89 99 144 Developmnt of Markls Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 15.7 13 6 Percent of agr producton solo in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 160 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 72 69 63 Labor torce, female (% of total labor force) 27 27 29 Food price ndex (1995-100) Imprsvement of AcoesafbifMt and Contmiunltealoh Roads, normalized index' Roads paved (C)' 34 36 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 2 3 6 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 225 255 271 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 35 52 48 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 6 25 27 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)* Sustu6wm Matwraoe f tat Fe Natural FResource 1ase Potentially arable landi rural population (ha) 3.5 Freshwater withdrawals for agr i agr GDP (cm/ million $) 162 1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (%, of total) . . 94 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 08 Cropland" potentially (non-marginal) arable land %() . . 25 Irrigated land as % cropland 14.4 14.7 11 5 Cultivated land with conservation techrologies (%) Poocy and li'nsl ftoral Frework Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expend turel No. of farmers organizations/ no ot community groups Local govt. spendingi central govt spending Local tax revenue,' ocal govt spending 199 Suriname 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 0.4 0.4 0.4 GDP ($ millions) 891 317 335 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 2,590 1,330 1,660 Rural population (% of total) 45 35 27 Life expectancy 66 69 70 Surfacearea (1,000sq. km) 163 t63 163 Population below the poverty vine (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per t ,000 live births) 42 34 28 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) . . 54 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) . 34 36 School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 125 100 147 School enrollment, primary, male () gross)* 136 100 146 School enrollment, primary, femae (% gross)' 126 to00 48 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2,400 2,460 2,560 Malnutrition prevalence I% of children under 5)f Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female t 5-24)' Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)- Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP' worker 32 48 1 t6 Agr. GDP' agr. worker, annual gtowth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr, female (% of total labor force) 18 2 2 Employees, services, femaie (%o of total labor force) 75 87 90 Non-agr. GDP non-agr. worker ($people) 10,674 2,739 2.158 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3.960 3765 3,943 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 92 94 89 Livestockproduction index (1989-91 = 100) 67 103 65 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 61 1 117.3 53.1 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market . Access to tinance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 187 70 71 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force I% of totai labor torce) 24 21 20 Labor force, female ()o of total Jabor force) 27 30 33 Food price index (1995=100) It11prol~~~~~~~~1~~~*tA00e~~~~~~bt;imv f1dOOflWi:1U81IOf:itj000lVC tOfl00g Roads, normalized index' Roads paved (%)' . 24 26 Telephone ma nlines (per 1,000 people)* 43 92 152 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 532 663 686 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' t27 t00 122 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' . 68 73 Sut¶abl.Menagetn.tn of tire td*wW;00yiU tsouIme flsSt< ; Potentially arable landi rural population (ha) . .. 23.4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm million $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . 89 Annual deforestation 1990 95 (% change) Croplandi potentially (non-marginal) arable land () . 1 Irrigated land as % cropland 85.7 86.8 89.6 Cultivated land with consenvation technologies -%) Pq9oyLrd tirifX#etw sirf f i Fiscal decentralization (share of loca govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt spending 200 Swaziland 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 0 6 0 8 1 0 GDP $ mnillionsl 582 860 1.221 GNP per capita, Atlas mnethod (US $i 970 1 200 1.400 Rural population 1% of total) 82 76 74 Life expectancy 52 67 5(1 Surface area (1.000 sq. km) 17 17 tO Rural Well-being Population below toe poverty line (% rural). Mortal ty rate, isfast (per 1.000 live births) 100 79 609 Sate watet, rural )% of rual! popu yr on with access) .. 44 Saniitat on, rural (% of rural population w th access) - . 37 Scoftln enrollment, primary 1% graSs)' 103 111 117 School enrollment, primary, mule (%/ grsse)' 104 114 120 Schtool enrollment, primary female r% grosa)' 102 109 114 Per cap ta dietary energy supply (calories)' 2.470 2,670 2,640 Malnutrition prevalence (1% of choidren unoer 5r Youth illiteracy rate, I0/ of female 1 5-24)' 24 15 10 lilfrteracy rate, adult femra e 1% of female 15,-)' 44 30 23 Itprovement in thle Rura Fconomy Agr GDP (value added), aninual growth ft 980-98) 006 Agr. GDP, agr. worker as %/ of Iota GDP, worker 37 28 38 Agr GDP, agr worker, annoua growth (1 980-98) -0.3 Rural ann-farmn employment - Empioyees. agr , femnale 1% of tolta labor force) 38 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 48 Non-agr GDP,' non-agr worker f$.Peopla( 4.737 4.963 4,815 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1.381 toe65 1,902 Food production indea (1 989-91 =1 00) 82 97 96 Livestock production ndex (1 989-91 - toOl too 93 108 Development of Marketa Agr exports as percent of agr value added 166.1 382 7 160 9 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market - Access to finaince system per rural household Gross domestic say ags ($ mnillions)' 38 176 235 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural lahot force 1% of total abor forcei 50 39 35 Labor force, female (% aftrota luabr force)l 34 37 38 Food price index (1995=100) - - Ittnproveente of Accessl[WIlty and CommiunlcationT Roads. normalized index' Roads paved 1%)' - 54 28 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)' 9 17 30 Rudios (per 1.000 people)' 145 151 164 Electric power consumption per capita (kw) Da y newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 16 14 26 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheeiers (per 1,000 people)'* 3 3 Sustainable Matnagement ot th. Natural Resource Base Potentially arable land' rural population (has) 0 1 Freshwater mithdrawals for agr 'uagr GDP (cm/' million 5)1r9 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (5. o1 totalr 96 Annua deforestation 1990-95 1% change) - Cropland/ potentiaily (con-marginal) arable and 1% 26 Irrigated land as % cropland 30.7 3d ~ 38 3 Cultivated lann wits conservat or tecnor agies 91.) Plict' and Insfitulonaf Ft'arnework Fiscal decentralization (share o1 loca. govt eapenditure) No. of farmers organizat sons' no of community groups- Local govt. spending,- central govt. spending Local tax revenue.' local govt. spending 201 Sweden 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 8.3 8.6 8.9 GDP ($ millions) 125,557 229,756 226,492 GNP per capita. Atlas method (US $) 15,410 24.320 25,580 Rural population (% of total) 17 17 Life expectancy 76 78 79 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 450 450 450 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortalty rate. infant (per ' 000 live binhs) 7 6 4 Safe water rural (% ot rural popu at on with accessi Sanitation, rural i% of rural population wth access) . 100 School enrollment, primaw (%gross)' 97 t00 107 School enrollment, primaw, male (% gross)' 97 1D0 106 School enrollment primary, female (% gross)' 97 100 107 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2,980 2,970 3 170 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate adult fema e (% of female 15,)' Agr. GDP (value added) annual growth (1980 98) Agr. GDP, agr worker as % of total GDP, worker 54 58 51 Agr GDP agr. worker, annual grownh i 980 98) Rural non-farm employmemt Employees, agr, female (% of total labor force) 3 2 1 Employees, services, female i% of total labor force1 81 84 87 Non agr GDP non-agr. worker '5ipeope) 30.749 50,564 42658 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3,521 4.964 4,319 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 99 107 100 Livestock production index i1989 91 = 100) 104 102 103 Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 23 6 21 5 34.2 Percent of agr prodiction sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestc savings ($ ilions) 24.180 49,855 48.021 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural abor force( of total laxor forcei 6 4 3 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 44 48 48 Food price index 1(995=1 00) 43 97 95 Roads, norma zed index' 12.. t1 Roads paved (%)' 71 78 Telephone mainl nes (per 1,000 people)' 580 681 674 Radios (per 1.000 people)' 842 873 932 Electrc power consumption per capita (kWh)' r0216 14,061 14042 Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 528 526 445 Number of post off ces (rural) Two wheelers (per 1000 people)' 2 11 28 SuSaln*I lbaemn ofl0 f 111 tIls Reouc ease i0if; t Potent ally arable lande rural population (ha) 2.9 Freshwater whdorawals for agr.I agr. GDP (cml million 5) . 0 1 Freshwater wthdrawals for agr. (% of total) .. 9 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0 0 Croplande potentially (non-marginal) arab e land (%) 64 Irr gated land as % cropland Cuativated land with conservat on technologies (1) POi d]cy adIlitutIonal Frerrivor' I'scal decentralizati sxhare of ocal goAt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations' no. of commun ty groups Local govt spending! central govt. spending Local tax revenue local govt. spending 202 Switzerland 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 6 3 67 71 GDP ($n81miors) 107,474 228,415 263.630 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $! 19,620 33 510 39,980 Rura population (f% of total) 43 40 32 Life expectancy 76 77 79 Surface area (.000 sq. km) 41 41 41 Rut Welt-being Popu at on below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, intant (per 1,000 ive births) 9 7 4 Safe water. rural I% of rural populaton with access) .. 100 100 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population wth access) . t00 School enrollment, pr mary (% gross)* 84 90 97 School enrollment. primary, male (% gross)* 84 90 97 School enrollment, primary, female 1% 9ross) 84 91 96 Per capita dietary energy supply calories<' 3,470 3,320 3,250 Malnutrition prevalence 1% of children unrder 5)' Youth illiteracy rate. (°' of femae 15-24)* Illiteracy rate, adult temale (% of female 15+)* ifttp tta if, the IF tCWOnh Agr GDP (value added), annual growsh (1980 98) Agr. GDP, agr worker as % of total GDP, worker Agr GDP, agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr.. female 1% of total labor force) 5 4 4 Emp oyees, services, female (% of total labor force) 72 77 82 Non-agr GDP, non-agr worker ($/people) - Cereal yield (klograms per hectare) 4,624 5,984 6,676 Food production index (1989-91 = t100) 95 100 97 Livestock producton indexu(I 989-91= 100) 100 99 94 Dvretvpn-en* d Mwk5 Agr exports as percent of agr value added Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings S milrorsl' 27,080 65,708 63254 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural oabor force )% of total labor force) 6 6 4 Labor force, female I% of total labor force) 37 39 40 Food prioe odexs 1995=1001 65 94 10t hroverntttof Aclesu qItY and 13mtmn*atlen Roads normalized index' Roads paved 1%)' Telephone ma nlines (per 1,000 people)' 445 574 675 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 805 827 1,000 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 5,579 6,997 6,885 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 393 456 337 Numoer of post off ces (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 128 114 103 fStainabt. aeinl Of the NatwawRe e Omase Potentia ly arable landr' rural population (ha) .. . 0 2 Freshwater withdrawa s for agr / agr GDP (cv' million $1 0 0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 4 Annual deforestation 1990-95 I% change) 0.0 Croplando potentially (non-marginal) arabe land (%/.) 93 Irrigated land as SO cropland 6 1 6. t 56 Cult vated land with conservat on technologies I%) Poticv amd lsistiutional Friewrt* Fiscal decentrahzat,on (share of local govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no. of communty groups Local gout, spendmrg' central govt spending Local tax revenueM local govt. spend ng 203 Svrian Arab ReDublic 1980 1990 1998 Population (miltions) 8.7 12.1 15.3 GDP ($ millions) 13,062 12,309 17,412 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 1 550 900 1 .020 Rural population 1% of total) 53 50 46 Life expectancy 62 66 69 Surface area (1,000 sq. kin) 185 185 t8S ~i t . ftiW i Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1.000 live b rths) 56 39 28 Safe water, rural (% of rural popuiation with access) 65 68 78 Sanitation, rura (% of rura population with access) 33 35 School enrollment, primary (%gross) 100 108 rOt School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* itt 114 106 School enrollment pr mary, female (% gross) 88 102 96 Per capita dietary erergy supply (calores) 2.960 3,170 3300 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5) .. . 13 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* 47 33 23 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)- 66 53 42 Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 52 86 Agr. GDP agr. worker, annual growth (1 980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of totat fabor forcei . 54 Employees, services, female (% of total abor force) 38 Non-agr. GDP. non-agr worker ($/people) 6,865 3.804 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,438 749 1.651 Food production index (1 989-91 = I00) t02 107 164 Livestock production index (1989-91 -100) 70 100 t28 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 8.9 21.1 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions) 1,349 1,936 3.184 Apr. wage per agrt worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 39 33 29 Labor force, femaJe (% of total labor force) 24 24 26 Food price index (t 995=100) 8 68 110 Roads, normalized ndex- Roads paved (%)l 72 23 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 28 40 95 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 195 255 278 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)- 354 683 776 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)* 13 17 20 Number of post offices (ruraf) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people) Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) . . O. Freshwater wthdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ mil ion $) . .. 78.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . .. 94 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 22 Croplanrd potentially (non-margina i arable land (%) 639 Irrigated land as %cropland 985 12.3 21 2 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No Df farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt. spending, central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt spending 204 Taiikistan 1980 1990 1998 Population (milions) 4.0 5.3 6.1 GDP ($ millions) 4,857 2,164 GNP per capita, At as method (US $) 920 370 Rural population (% of total) 66 68 73 Life expectancy 66 69 69 Surface area (t ,000 sq. km) . 143 143 Population below the poverty line 1% rural) Mortality rate. infant (per 1,000 live births) 58 41 23 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) . . 32 Sanitation, rural I% of rural population with access) .. , 14 School enrollment. pr mary 1% gross)' , 91 95 School enrollment, primary, male (1% gross)' .. 92 97 School enrollment, primary, female (°/% gross) .. 90 94 Per capita dietary energy supply (calorles)' . 2.280 Malnutr tion prevalence (% of children under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate. (% of female 15-24)' 0 0 0 Illiteracy rate, adult female i% of female 15+)' 7 3 t mipw n'm the battrat Ecno,y Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker . . 16 Agr. GDP/ agr worker, annua growth (1 980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female p% of total labor force) 54 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 30 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker f$5.people) t,370 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) . 979 1,846 Food production index (t989-91 = 100) . 80 61 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 1t00) . 78 37 DeVooe of Markets Agr exports as percent of agr value added . .. 32.8 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 667 304 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) . 39 35 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 47 42 44 Food price index (1995=1t00) Impmvettn of Ao6ssft.ty and Commurntfaton Roads, normalized inden Roads paved (%) .. 72 83 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 30 45 37 Radios (per 1,000 people)* . 113 142 Electric power consumption per cap ta (kWh)* 2.217 3,346 2,177 Dai y newspapers (per 1,000 people)' . 47 20 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Sutshtb4e Magemtent of he laual Rersottrce Base Potentially arable land' rural population (ha) 0. 1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ m Ilion $) 506 4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) .. . 88 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.0 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) . .. 171 Irrigated land as % cropland . 72.9 80.9 Cultivated land with conservaton technologies I%) POWcy'snd 8918tu1onat FftiŁeu Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt spendmig. central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ ocal govt spending 205 Tanzania 1980 1990 1998 Populat on (mil ions) 18,6 25.5 321 GDP i$ millions) 4,220 8,016 GNP per capira Atlias method (US $) . 190 220 Rural population (% of tolal) 85 79 70 Life expectancy 50 50 47 Surface area (1,000 sq. kmf 945 945 945 Popuiation below the poverty line (t rural) Mortality rate, intanr (per t,000 live o"ths) 108 99 85 Safe water. rural (% of rura popu ation with access) . . 4ff Sanitation. rural (° of rural population with access) 40 . 83 School enrollment. primary ft gross)' 93 70 67 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* 99 70 67 Schooi enrollment, primary, fema e (% gross)' 86 69 66 Per capita dietary energy supply (caloresf' 2,280 2,220 2.020 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' 29 31 iouth lliteracy rate. (%ot female 15-24) 43 22 13 fIlireracy rate. adult female (% of female 15S' 66 49 36 Agr. GDP svalue added), annua growth (1980-98) 3.5 Agr. GDP agr worker as t ot total GDP/ worker 52 52 Agr. GDPi agr worker, annual growrh t980-98) 0 9 Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr . female (% ot total labor forcel 92 91 Employees, seno ces, female (t of totai labor force) 7 7 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker($ipeople) . t t56 1,512 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,020 1,462 t 288 Food production index t 989-91 r 100) 74 100 103 Livestock production index (I 989-91 - 1 00) 67 100 117 Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 15.0 12 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ milions)' . 33 676 Agr wage per agr. worker ($1 Rural labor force (f of total labor force) 86 84 8I Labor force, female (% of total labor force1 50 50 49 Food price index (t995=1 00) 3 31 162 Roads, normalized indeox 77 Roads oaved (%) 37 4 Telephone mainlines (per 1 000 people) 2 3 4 Radios (per 1,000 people)1 81 t95 279 Electr c power consumption per cap ta (kWh) 37 51 54 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people) 11 3 4 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' Potent ally arable landi rural population (ha) t 7 Freshwafer wthoruwals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 130 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) 189 Annual deforestation 1990 95 it change) 10 Crop and/ notentially (non marginal) arable land (%t) 10 Irrigated land as % crop and 3 9 3 7 3 9 Cutivated land with conservation technologies (°) Poic and lnton Framework Fiscal decentralzation (share of local govt. expendiure) No of farmers organuzarons/ no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ ocal govt spending 206 Thailand 1980 1990 1998 Population (millons) 46 7 55 6 61 2 GDP ($ mill ons) 32,354 85.345 111.327 GNP per cap ta, Atlas method (US $) 720 1.520 2,160 Rural population (% of total) 83 81 79 Life expectancy 64 69 72 Surfacearea (1,000srqO km) 513 513 513 Rural WeI14being Population below the poverty line (% rural) . 16 Mortality rate infant (per 1,000 live b rths) 49 37 29 Safe water, rural (C/ of rural population wth access) 78 88 Santation rural (% of rura populat on with access) 57 95 School enrollment, primary )% grosst' 99 99 89 School enrollmenrt, primary, male (% gross)* 100 100 School enrol ment, primary, female (% gross)* 97 98 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)t' 2,220 2.250 2.360 Malnurtiotron prevalence (% of ch then under 51' Youth literacy rate, of female 15-24)* 4 2 2 Illiteracy rate. adult female (% of female 15+)' 17 11 7 Improvent in the RUftat Eoonotty Agr. GDP (value added). annual growth 11980-98) 3 5 Agr. GDP. agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker 33 20 19 Agr. GDP! agr worker. annua growth l 980-98) 2.3 Rura non-farm employment Employees, agr, female 1% of total abor torce) 74 65 52 Employees serv ces. fema e 1% of total labor force) 18 23 32 Non-agr. GDP! non-agr worker ($/peop e) 3,504 6.559 6,530 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,911 2,009 2 402 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 82 94 t13 Livestock production Index (1989-91 r 100) 64 101 139 owv.fopmm of larkeets Agr exports as percent of agr valueadded 58.2 505 370 Percent of agr. product on sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ mill ons)* 7,404 28.877 46,485 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural laoor force t% of total labor force) 71 64 58 Labor force, female (1 of total labor force) 47 47 46 Food price ndex (1995=100) 52 75 128 improvwetew of Accesslaf bitiy and ConrituriftaJon Roads, normalized Index' . .. 205 Roads paved (%)' . 55 98 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 8 24 84 Radios (per 1,000 peoplet 140 189 232 Electric power consumption per cap ta (kWh)' 279 690 1,360 Da ly newspapers (per 1,000 peopte)' 57 81 63 Number of post offices lrural) Two wheelers (per 1.000 people)' 19 86 t71 Suatalnable anageinerint of the Natural Ruvosw Baa Potentiatly arable land/ rural population (ha) 0.4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.. agr GDP (cm' mitiJon St 27.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) .. . 90 Annual deforestation 1990-95 1% change) 2 6 Cropland' potentially (non-marginal) arable lando . 98 Irrigated iand as % cropland 16 5 20.6 245 Cultivated land with conservation lechno ogies 1%) POIcy ant Inat1t1tlonat Framework Fiscal decentra ization (share of local govt expenditure) No of farmers organrzatronsi no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt spending Loca tax revenue/ ocal govt spending 207 Topo 1980 1990 1998 Popu aticn (m,lions) 2.6 3.5 4.5 GDP Smil ions) 1,136 1,628 1,510 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $! 440 430 330 Rral population (° of tota ) 77 72 68 Life expectancy 49 50 49 Surnace area fl,000 sq. km) 57 57 57 Iural Well-en Population be ow the poverty line ,' rura ! Mortality rate. ritani per I 000 ive births) tO0 81 78 Safe water rara .i' of rural populatiorn with access) - 54 Sanitation. rura (% of rnra population with access) . 13 School enrollment, primary (1°% gross) ' 168 109 120 Schou enrol wear. primary, male (% gross)* 144 132 140 School enrollment, primary, fema e (%gross)' 93 87 99 Per capita dietary energy supp y (calor es)' 2.260 2,300 1,960 Ma nutr t on prevalence (% of ch ldren under 5 ' . 25 25 Youth i literacy rate i'% of female 15 24)' 68 55 44 lliteracy rate adult female of female th5,)' 81 71 62 Improvefmefnt in the Rural f-onomy Agr GDP (value added)f annual growth (190 98) 4.5 Agr. GP agrw orker as 5 of tota GDP worker 40 61 69 Agr. GDP agr. worker, annual growth (I 980-98) 2.5 Rural non-farm employment Employees agr., female ( otf total labor force) 67 65 Employees. senices, fumale (% of total labor force) 26 29 Non-agr GDP non-agr worker ($,people) 2,308 2,132 1,231 Cerea yield (kilograms per hectare) 636 747 865 Food production index (t98991 = 1 00j 76 103 131 Livestock production index (1 989-91 - I00' 50 104 129 Oevelpmerit Of Markets Agr exports as percent of agr. value added 253 21.7 20.3 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural househo d Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 263 240 113 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 69 66 61 Labor force, female (% of total abor force) 39 40 40 Food price ndex (1995-100) Roads. normalized index' 152 Roads paved %) 21 32 Te ephone mainlines (per 1.000 people) 2 3 7 Rados(perr,Od0peopie)* 203 210 218 Electric power consumplion per capita (kWn(- Daily newspapers (per 1.000 peop el' 6 3 4 NuiTber of oost offces (rurali Two wheelers (per 1 ,000 people)* . 8 14 Eslshnable t Me lt of nt the N Reource aseaw Potenrtially arable land, rural popu ation (ha) 0.9 Freshwater w thrdrawals for agr. agr. GDP (cm, million $) 1 5 Freshwater w thdrawa s for agr ( of tota) 25 Annual deforestat on 1990 95 (% chaage) 1.4 Cropland, potentially (non-marg nal) arable land (%) 91 Irrigated lanx as % cropland 0 3 0 3 03 Cult vated land w th conservation techno ogies (%i Poicy and insiutiona Fraebwor Fiscal decentrahlafion sshare of loca, goAt. expendfure) No of farmers organizat onsi no. of community groups Local govt. spending, central govt, spend ng Local tax revenue. local govt spending 208 Tonaa 1980 1990 1998 Populabon (millions) 0.1 0.1 0.1 GDP l$ millionsl 52 113 173 GNP per capita, At as method (US $) . 1,170 1.750 Rural population (% of total) 73 67 63 Life expectancy 62 69 71 Surface area (1,000 sq. kin) 1 1 1 Rura Well-beinf Population below the poverty line (% rurail -- Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 50 25 21 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) tO0 t00 Sanitation, rural (% of rjral popu ation with access) . ,. 100 School enrollment, pr mary (% gross)* School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* Per capita dietary energy supply (calories) Malnutr lion prevalence (S of children under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate. adult female (% of female 15+). hmprovernt In ftIe Rural Economy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 1.2 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP! worker Agr GDP agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr.. female (% of tota labor force) Employees, senvices, female (% of total labor force) Non-agr GDR, non-agr. worker ($,peoplel Cereal yield kilograms per hectare) . . Food production index 11989-91 = 100) 126 96 76 Livestock production Index (1989-91 r 100) 86 99 70 Oeloprentlt of Markets Agr exports as percent of agr value added 14.8 23 2 11.5 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market .. . Access to finance system per rural household .. .. . Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' -4 -12 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force, female (1% of total labor force) . . Food price index (I995=1 00) itmoveme"t of A G Cetlt and Commu,*e8to: Roads, normalized ndex- Roads paved(%) . . 27 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 peoplel' ts 46 79 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 217 551 617 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh' . .. . Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peopleP. Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers Iper 1,000 people)' SuWsalnoble anagegnent of the Natural Resourme Base Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals tor agr / agr. GDP (cml mililon $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) Cropland/ potentially Inon-marginal) arable land 1%) Irrigated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Policy and bistftutioa Fampework Fiscal decentralization (share oi local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ centra govt. spend ng Local tax revenue/ local govt spending 209 Trinidad and Tobaao 1980 1990 1998 Population (milions) 1.1 1.2 1.3 GDP ($ millions) 6.236 5,068 6,382 GNP per capita, Al as method (US $) 5,410 3,720 4.520 Rural population (% of total) 37 31 27 Life expectancy 68 71 73 Surface area (1,000 sq. kin) 5 5 5 Population below the poverty line (% rural) .. 22 Mortallty rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 35 18 16 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 87 80 Sanitation. rural (% of rural population with access) 97 92 Schoo enrollment, primary (% gross)' 99 97 99 School enrolinent, primary, male (% gross)' 99 97 99 School enrollment, primary, female (°b gross)' 100 96 98 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)* 2.960 2.670 2.530 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5) Youth illiteracy rate, I% of female 15-24)* 7 4 3 Illiteracy rate, adult female (1% of female 15+)* 16 11 8 Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980 98) 0.7 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDPJ worker 21 23 18 Agr. GDP. agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98j -1 2 Rural non farm employment Employees, agr. female (% of total labor force) 9 6 5 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 70 80 82 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 16.168 11f873 12.455 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3,202 2,826 3.086 Food production index (1989 91 - 100) 103 103 87 Livestock production iodex (1989-91 = 100) 82 100 83 Agr. exports as percent of agr value added 34.7 86.7 184.5 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 2.624 1,475 451 Agr. wage per agr. worKer ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) t 11 9 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 31 31 34 Food price index (1995=100) 13 53 139 Roads, normalized index . 275 Roads paved (%)( 46 51 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 40 141 206 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 277 513 534 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 1 584 2.553 3.368 Daily newspapers (per t 000 people)' 143 78 123 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' euat 0tsltAitbtetj iaaemn o1hMaua i;otrc O ;ss l e ; 0;0$tl :g 0i Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 0,6 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. agr. GDP (cm/ millior 0 0.9 Freshwater wthdrawals for agr (% of total) 35 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 1 5 Crop land/ potentially (non-marg nal arable land () 56 Irrigated (and as % cropland 18.1 183 18 0 Cultivated lard with conservation technolog os I0). Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations no of community groups Losal govt. spendingi central govt spending Loca tax revenue local govt. spending 210 Tunisia 1980 1990 1998 Population (milionsr 6 4 8.2 9 3 GDP t$ millons) 8,743 12,291 19.956 GNP per capita Atlas method fUS $) 1.360 1,430 2,060 Rural population Sb of total) 49 42 36 Life expectancy 62 68 72 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 164 164 164 Rural Welt-being Population below the poverty ice 1% rural) 22 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 69 42 28 Safe water, rural (% of rural populat on w th access) 29 89 Sanitation rural (I. of riral population with access) 29 85 School enrollment, primary (% gross)* 102 113 118 School enrollment pr mary, male 1 gross)' 1t7 120 122 School enrolment. pr mary, female %gross)* 87 107 114 Per capita dietary energy sjpply (carones)' 2.790 3,190 3,190 Malnutrition prevalence 1% of children under 5) . 10 9 Youth il iteracy rate, i% of female 15-24)' 42 25 1 3 Illiteracy rate, adult temae (%of female 15-)' 69 54 42 tmproveewt Int the Rural Economy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 3 7 Agr GDP/ agr worker as % of tota GDP, worker 36 56 49 Agr. GDP! agr. worker, annual growth (1 980-98) 3 4 Rural non-farm employment . Employees, agr . female (lv of total abor force) 53 23 20 Emp oyees, services, temale (°. of total Jabor force) 16 32 38 Non-agr GDP, non-agr worker ($/peop e) 5 561 5 043 6 428 Cereal yield (ki ograms per hectare) 916 t 147 t.345 Food production index (1989-91 100) 74 97 122 Livestock production ndex (1 989-91 = I00) 64 99 136 Qeveloptniet of imarkets Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 14.8 14.6 210 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household . Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 2,098 3,128 4,856 Agr wage per agr worker (S) Rural labor force (I, of total labor force) 39 26 25 Labor force, fema e (% of total labor force) 29 29 31 Foodpriceindex(19951 00) 34 76 111 Improvemert of Accessihblity aid Communication Roads normalized index' 173 Roads paved (%)' 76 79 Telephone mainilnes (per 1,000 peope)' 18 38 81 Radios (per 1.000 people) 157 192 223 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 379 532 709 Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people,i' 43 42 31 Number of post off ces (rural) . .. Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* 2 sustainablie tManagement of the Natural Resource ease Potentially arable and/ rural population (ha) 0.1 Freshwater wihdrawals for agr./ agr GDP (cmi m lion $) 12 2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (C/ of total) 89 Annual deforestaronr 1990-95 (% change) 0 5 Crop andi potent a ly (non-marginal) arable land flvi . 997 Irrigated and as lv cropland 5.2 62 78 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (lv) .. Policy and Institutional Framework Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditLre) . . No. of farmers organ zations/ no of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt spending Local tax revenuei local govt spend ng 211 Turkey 1980 1990 1996 Population (millions) 44.5 56.1 63.5 GDP ($ millions) 68,790 150,721 198,844 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 1,940 2,280 3,160 Rural population (% of total) 56 39 27 Life expectancy 61 66 69 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 775 775 775 Population below the poverty line (%t rural) Mortality rate, infant (pert ,000 .ive births) 109 58 38 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) 90 -. School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 96 99 107 Schooi enrollment, primary, male(%gross)' 102 102 ttt School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)* 90 96 104 Per capita dietary energy supply (caJories)' 3,290 3,550 3,560 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* .. 10 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)7 20 12 7 Illiteracy rate, adu tfemale (% of female 15+)' 46 33 25 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 1.4 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 41 31 33 Agr. GDP, agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) 0.0 Rural non-farm employment - Employees, agr., female (% of tota labor force) 88 76 65 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 8 14 21 Non-agr. GDP! non-agr. worker ($people) 6,943 11,132 10,544 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,855 2,214 2,353 Food production index (1 989-91 = 100) 76 102 1t 5 Livestock production index (1989-91 = t00) 79 99 109 Agr. exportsas percem of agr. value added 16.6 12.4 204 Percent of agr. production so d in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domest c sav ngs (S millions)' 7,841 30,242 41.981 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 60 54 48 Labor force, temale (% of total labor force) 36 35 37 Food price index (1995=100) .. 5 608 Roads, normalized index' 43 Roads paved (%0)1 . 26 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)* 26 121 254 Radios (per 1,000 people)* 112 159 180 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 439 805 1,275 Oaily newspapers (per 1,096 people)* 56 71 ilt Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' .. tO 14 Potentially arable land' rural population (ha) .. 0.4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (crc/ million $) . 13.1 Freshwater withdrawa s for agr I% of total) 72 Annual deforestation 1990-95 f% change) 0.0 Cropland/ potentially (non marginal) arable land (%) 370 Irrigated land as % cropland 9.5 13.7 14.4 Cultivated land with conservation technologies I%) Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spend ng Local tax revenuel local govt, spending 212 Turkmenistan 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 2.9 3 7 4.7 GDP ($ millions) . 6.333 2,367 GNP per capita Atlas method (US $) 1,490 650 Rural population (% of total) 53 55 55 Life expectancy 64 66 66 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) .. 488 488 Population below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 54 45 33 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) .. .. 5 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) . .. 5 School enrollment, primary 1% gross)* . School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' Schooi enrollment, primary, female (% gross)' Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2.550 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5). Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)*. fWn ff If the .1at f f : Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1 980-98) Agr. GDP! agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker .. .. 72 Agr. GDPi agr worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment . Employees, agr.. female (% of total labor force) 46 41 ,, Employees, senvices, female (% of total labor force) 38 44 Non-agr. GDPi non-agr. worker ($/people) .. 1,473 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) .. 2,210 1,866 Food production index (t989-91 = 100) . 84 118 Livestock production index (1989-9t = 100) .. 100 124 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added .. 52.3 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market . . . Access to finance system per rural household . .. . Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 1,750 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force 1% of total labor force) .. 36 34 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 47 45 46 Food price index (1995=100) ltnoseflltof A ssf -f and Co' 'nw' 'at' Roads, normalized index* Roads paved )%1 . 74 81 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)* 38 60 82 Radios (per 1,000 people)* .. 218 276 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* 1,720 2,293 934 Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)' Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)* Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) . 0.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agrJ agr. GDP (cm/ million $) 984.6 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) .. .. 91 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.0 Croplandi potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) .7. . 007 Irrigated land as % cropland .. 106.1 106.2 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%). Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tfx revenue/ local govt. spending 213 Usanda 1980 1990 1998 Population nmil ons) 12.8 16.3 20.9 GOP ($ millions) 1 245 4.304 6,775 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 340 310 Rurai population of total) 91 89 86 Life expectancy 48 47 42 Surface area (1 000 sq. km) 241 241 241 Popu ation below the poverty line (°b rural} Mortality rate infant (pert 300 ve births 116 104 101 Safe water rura (° of rural populalion witr access) . . 32 San tation, rura (% of rural population with access) . . 55 Schoo enrol ment. primary i% gross)* 50 75 74 School enrollment, prinary, mate }% gross)- 56 83 81 School enrollment pr mary female (% gross)' 43 66 68 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2.1 20 2.290 2.230 Malnutrit on prevalence (% of children under 5)* 23 26 Youth i iteracy rate (%of female 15 24)1 53 39 30 Illiteracy rate. adult female 01 female 15,1' 69 57 46 Improvemert in Ft ral Eontomy Agr GDP (value added). annual growth (1980-98) 3 2 Agr GDP agr worker as % of total GOPf worker 62 63 50 Agr GDP, gr worker annual growth t1980-98) 1.4 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (l of total labor force) 91 88 Employees, setv cese female (rr of total abor force) 8 10 Non agr GDP, non agr worker ($people) 402 1 559 2,121 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectarej 1.491 1.498 1.416 Food production index (1 989 98 = 1 00 67 101 113 Livestock production index i1989 91 -100) 83 102 119 Development of Varkets Agr. exports as percent of agr. vaue added 33.0 75 169 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savirrgs (S millions)' 5 25 385 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) RPra oabor torce (% of tota abor force) 87 85 81 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 48 48 48 Food price index (19958-100) 47 107 Accessibl ity and Communication Roads normalized ndex' Roads paved (%j' Telephone mainl nes (per < 000 people)- 1 2 3 Radios (per t,000 people'* 30 113 128 Electric power consumption per cap ta I KWh) Daly newspapers (per t.000 people)' 2 2 2 Number of post offices Irurah Two wheeJers (per 1 .000 people)' 0 0 2 sustinalIte uManagement of thintrfail Rere Base Potentially arable landi rural population (ha) 0,2 Freshwater wthdrawals for agr agr. GDP (cm, million $) 1.8 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) 60 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0 9 Cropland/ potential y (non marginal) arable land (%) 177 Irrigated land as %cropland 0.' 0.1 0 1 Cultivated land with conservation technologies Polkiyand titl;lillonall trranawrtwk F scal decentralization (share of local govt. expendilure) No of farmers organriatios no ol community groups Local govt spending central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ oca govt spend ng 214 Ukraine 0Ms-tWl J3 .f fiMl: i.t sJ 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 50 0 51 9 50 3 GDP 5 mill ons) .. 91.327 43.615 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $t 1.610 980 Rural population I% of total) 38 33 32 Life expectancy 69 70 67 Surface area (1.000 sq km) .. 604 604 Rural Welflng Population below the poverty I ne (% rural) Mortality rate. infant (per 1,000 live brths) 17 13 14 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) . .. 12 Sanitatbon rurat (% of rural populaton with access) . .. 8 School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 102 89 87 School enrollment, primary. mae (%gross)' 103 89 87 School enrollment, primary, fmale (% gross)* 102 89 87 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories) . .. 3.020 Malnatrinon presalence (% of ch Idren under 5). Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* 0 0 0 Iliteracy rare adult female (% of female 15+)' 1 1 1 Mnprovwernt fn thte 1Au Econmy Agr GDP nvalue added). annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP' agr worker as % of total GDPi worker .. Itt 80 Agr. GDP; agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr, female ('4of tota labor force) 24 16 Employees, services, female (% of tota labor force) 44 50 Non-agr GDP, non-agr. worker ($/peopie) .. 3.415 1.752 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 2,834 2,130 Food producrton index (1989-91 = 100 .. 73 47 L vestock production index 11989-91 = 10 .. 78 44 DeelOopment of Miatrets Agr. exports as percent of agr. salue added 39 345 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings I$ millons)* .. 24,098 7,722 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) . 19 15 Labor force, female )% of total labor force) 50 49 49 Food price index 1t 995=1 00) IMpoVent of Accesstity and Cowuniticataon Roads. normaiized index' .. . 132 Roads paved l%). 94 97 Telephone mainines (per 1.000 peoplei 76 136 191 Radios (per 1.000 people)' 579 791 884 Electric power consumption per capita lkWt)* 3,598 4,308 2,449 Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)* 251 54 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people) .. * 55 Potentially arable land/ rurae population (ha) 2. 1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr GDP (cm. miilion $) 17 9 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (s of total) . . 30 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) -0. 1 Croplandr potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) 112 Irrigated land as % cropland 76 7 2 Cultivated and with conservation technologies (°) Pltcy and tnsulttri Fraewok Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations/ no of community groups Local govt spending' central govt spending Local tax revenue,' local govt spending 215 United Arab Emirates 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 1.0 1.8 2 7 GDP ($ millions) 29,625 34,132 47,234 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US$) 31,290 t9,930 17870 Rural population (% of total) 29 t9 15 Life expectancy 68 74 75 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 84 84 84 Popufation below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, irfant (per 1,000 live birnhs) 55 20 8 Safe water, rural I% of rural population w th access) 100 100 98 Sanitation, rural I% of rural population with access) 77 School enrollment, primary I% gross)y 89 104 89 School enrollment, primary, male %gross)' 90 106 91 School enrollment, primary, fema e (% gross)' 88 103 87 Per capita dietary energy supply (calor es)* 3,460 3,120 3.320 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)* .. 7 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female t5-24)* 22 11 6 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15,)' 42 30 23 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth I1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker 16 21 32 Agr. GDP! agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rurai non-farm employment Employees, agr., female I% of total labor force) 0 0 Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) 93 97 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker ($,people) 56.434 37 386 35675 Cereal yield (hlograms per hectare) 2,410 2,216 1,442 Food production index (1989-9t t100) 50 102 257 Livestock production index (1 989-91 = 100) 47 101 163 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 56.0 119.1 71.9 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to f inance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)* 2t ,274 15 446 9,943 Agr. wage per agr. worker (s) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 5 8 5 Labor force, female I% of total labor force) 5 12 14 Food price index (1995=100) Roads, normalized index' . - 7 Roads paved (l)N .. 94 100 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 119 206 389 Radios (per 1,000 peope)' 236 268 345 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 5,623 8.721 7 973 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 146 136 156 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' Potentially arable landi rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr.. agr. GDP (cm/ million $j 3.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . . 92 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0.0 Cropland/ potentially (non marginal) arable land I%) Irrigated land as % cropland 230.4 114.5 88.9 Cultivated land with conservation lechnologies (%) Fiscal decentralization (share ot local govt. expendilure) No of farmers organizations! no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 216 United Kinadom 1980 1990 1998 Population (milions) 563 57.6 59.1 GDP $ millions) 537,383 975.512 1,357 197 GNPpercaplta. Atlasmethod(US$) 8,580 10130 21t410 Rural populaton (% of total) t It I f t Life expectancy 74 76 77 Surface area (1,000sq. hnm) 245 245 245 Rftr Wlbe4ng Populatron below the poverty line (1% rural) tortalty rate, nfant per 1,000 five births) 12 8 6 Safe water, rural (% of rural population wath acoess) 100 Sanitaton, rural (% of rural population vrth acenss) 100 School enrollment, primary IGgross)' 103 104 116 School enrollment. primary, male (/4 gross)* 103 103 115 School enrollment, primary, female (e/ gross)' 103 106 117 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 3.140 3,200 3,210 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' Illiteracy rate. adult femrae (,/.of female 15+7* fnrovaert i the Run Econoriw Agr GDP (easue added). annuai grovfth (1 980-98) Agr, GDP' agr worker as % of total GDP, worker 72 75 82 Agr. GDP! agr vworker annual growth I1980 98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr ,female (% of total labor force) 1 1 Employees sevices, female (4 of total labor force) 76 81 86 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker (Speoplep 20,023 34.194 39.619 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 4,944 6.171 6 650 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 94 100 98 Lvestock production index (1989-91 100) 99 100 97 D0sewp"mrwt of 9fets Agr exprts as percem of agr valte added 75,5 80 4 83 7 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household. Gross domestic savings ($ mi lonsl' 102.688 161,161 197.516 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (° of total labor force! 3 2 2 Labor force. female 1% of total labor force) 39 42 44 Foodpriceindext1995-100) 53 87 103 xomvemwst of Accesstlity and Ootwunicaaon Roads, normalized ndex 59 Roads paved (%4)' 120 100 Telephone mainlines (per 1 000 people)* 322 441 557 Radios (per 1,000 eople)p 950 1.390 1.436 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 4,160 4.768 5.241 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 417 388 329 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per t,000 people)' 24 14 1 1 a bbtinm t gna felrit of Nattwa Rource Bese Potent ally arable lando rural population (ha) .. 2.0 Freshwater wrthdrawals for agr! agr. GDP (cr mui ion $) 0.0 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (G ot totall . 3 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (44 change -0.5 Croplandi potentially (non-marginal) arable and (%) 47 Imgated land as SO cropland 2.0 2 5 1.7 Cultivated and wth oenservation technologies (4/4) PoiLcy and 1tnsittiond Frarewolt Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. expenditure) No of farmers orgasizations/ no. of community groups Local govt. spendirig central gost. spendirrg Local tax revenuev local govt spendong 217 United States 1980 1990 1998 Population (rmlLonsj 227.2 2494 270.3 GDP($mil ions) 2,709,000 5,554,100 8,230,397 GNP per capta. Atlas retrod (US $) 12,850 22,t60 29,240 Rural population (%of ota) 26 25 23 Life expectarcy 74 75 77 Surface area (1,000 sq. kr) 9.364 9,364 9,364 Population below the prverty line 1° vuraj Mortality rate, infait (per 1 000 live brahs) 13 3 7 Safe water. rura ( ot rura population with access, Saeitatior, rura (% of rural population wth aomess) sehool enroliminl, pirvay (%/gross)' 99 102 102 Shool enrollrient,prrmay, male (,/.gross)' 150 103 103 School enrollment. primary, fema e (%gross)' 99 101 701 Percarotacdetaye ergysuply) atories)^ 3.t70 3450 3,610 vManutrition prevalenre (% of chIdren unster Si I Yotlh iliteracy rate. (% of temale 15 24)' .. .. Illiteracy rate, adult female (%of feriale 15-)' Agr. GDP(value added, annaa growth (1980-98) 3.8 Agr GDP? agr. mwrker as % of total GDP worker 72 70 75 Agr GDP, ar. wvrker. annua growth (1 93-) 5s5 Rural non-farm er-poyment - - Errpoyees, agr.. fem.ae t of totaacor forcer 2 1 2 Ermpoyees, senrvies. female (% of tota lacor force) 80 84 85 Novnagr. GDP/ron--agr wanerk $',peope) 24,500 43.771 56.939 Cereayeld(klogransperfhetare) 3,77 4.758 5.682 Foodpfoducton inex 1989-91 99I0) 91 lt1 121 Uvestoc producrinondex (1989-91 =100) 89 100 '17 Agr. expdors as percert of agr. vaaue added 48 5 4170 46,5 Perceet of agr. produotion sold n domestic mnrket Acaess to finance system per rura household - Gross domestic savings ($ mil lions' 525.200 858,70 1. 342,800 Agr. wage per agr. wvorker (S) Rural ator f rcI% of tota labor foroe) 3 3 2 Laor foroe, female (%oftota laor force) 41 44 46 Foodprceindex(t995=100t 54 81 103 Foads. norrmaizedondex' 98 Roads paved (%)' 58 59 Telephone rnainlines (per 1,000 people)' 414 545 661 Radios (per 1,000 peope)' 1,999 2,118 2146 rOectncpowerconsumoton per capta (kn)' 8,914 10,558 11.822 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 274 250 215 Numrter of post off ices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,t0 peope)' 30 17 15 Potentialy aravle lancIl rura papulation lhaf 3 7 Freshwater wathdrawals for agr./ pr GIDP (lv rnillion $) 1 5 Freshwater wthdrawals tfar a (%of tota) 42 Annual deeorestation 1990-95 (%dhange) -03 Cropand' potentially (non margnai) arable laid (C2o), 77 IrrigatedlaKans%cropland 10.8 11.1 120 Cultivated land wth conservation tecrnologies (%) Fisca decentralization (share of locaf govt. expenditure) Noc of farmers organizations/ no. of oormnuity groups Loca govt srerdino oenra govt scrdeng LocaJ tax reve,ue Ocara govt spending 218 Urucuav 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 2.9 31 3.3 GDP($m mllons) 10132 8355 20.578 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 2,920 2.620 6,070 Rural population (% of total) 15 11 9 Life expectancy 70 73 74 Surface area (1,000 sq. kin) 177 177 177 Rurai Welt-being Populat on below the poverty ine (% rural) Mortality rate. infant (per 1 000 ive births) 37 21 16 Safe water, rural (% of rural populalion with access) 5 Sanitation, rural (% of rural populat on with access) School enrol ment, primary (% gross)' 107 109 109 School enrollment, primary. male (% gross)' 107 109 109 School enrollment, primary, female I%gross)' 107 108 108 Per capita dietary energy supp y (calories)' 2,860 2.560 2,780 Malnutr tion preva ence (% of children under 5)' .. 6 4 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 1 5-24)' 1 1 1 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)* 5 3 2 Imraoveni t VW fte Rut Eoonymy Agr GDP (value added), annua growth (1980-98) 2.1 Agr. GDP/ agr worker as % of total GDP/ worker 8r 78 66 Agr GDP/ agr. worker, annua growth (t 980-98) 2.2 Rural non-farm emp oyment Emp oyees, agr, female (% of total labor force) . 1 2 Employees. sewvices, female (% of total abor force) 78 82 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) 9,098 6,376 14,689 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,918 2,182 3.234 Food producton index st989-91 = 100) 85 97 132 Livestock production index (1 989-91 = 1 00) 85 99 1 2t Development ofMarkets Agr exports as percent of agr vasoueadded 554 855 775 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domest c savings ($ mill ons) 1,190 1,421 3 140 Agr wage per agr. worker ($. Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 17 14 13 Labor force, female (% of total labor forcel 31 39 41 F:oodpriceindex(1995=100) 0 11 162 mpvertirt of AcceA5bihty and Comtmudeatfon Roads, normalized index 1t51 Roads paved (%)' 74 90 Telephone ma n ines (per 1.000 people)' 75 134 250 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 559 603 607 Electr c power consumption per cap ta (kWh)' 948 t ,220 1. 710 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 240 232 293 Number of post offices trural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people) . 74 110 Sustainable MeLiageoent of the Netur Resourc Base Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 46 1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr / agr. GDP (cm/ million $) t 8 6 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) . 91 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 0 0 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) 9 Irrigated land as o cropland 5 5 9.2 10.7 Cultivated land with consevation technologies (%) Poti cy and fnsttutfionat FrameWork Fiscal decentralization (share of loca govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations no of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ ocal govt spending 219 Uzbekistan 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 16.0 20.5 24.1 GDP ($ milions) .. 30.775 20,384 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) . .. 950 Rural population (% of total) 59 60 62 Life expectancy 67 69 69 Surface area (1.000 sq. km) . 447 447 Population below the poverty line (So rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 47 35 22 Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access) 46 Saritat on, rural (% of rural population w th access) 5 School enro lment, pr mary (% gross)' 81 81 78 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)' 83 82 79 School enrollment, primary, female ('S gross)' 80 81 77 Per cap ta dietary energy supply (calories)' .. . 2,600 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' . . 9 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' t4 8 5 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)^ 33 23 17 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growtr (1 980-98) 0.2 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP! worker 105 91 Agr GDP, agr worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-tarm employment Employees, agr., female (% of toal abor force) 46 36 Employees, senvices, female (% of total labor force) 36 45 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) .. 2,534 2,147 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) . 1,777 2,873 Food production index (1989-91=t 10 .. 106 114 Livestock production index (1989 91 = 100) .. 110 til Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added . 162 25.5 Percent of agr. production sold n domestic market Access to finance system per rura household Gross domestic sav ngs ($ millions)* 7,064 3,873 Agr. wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (°/ of total labor force) 33 29 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 48 46 47 Food price index (I9951t00) ImprovMemetf 3f yw and l(rn ,iia.fat Roads, normalized index* Roads paved (%)' . 7 9 87 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 36 69 65 Radios (per 1,000 people) . 343 465 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)* 2,086 2,383 1,645 Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)* . 3 Number of post offices (ruralf Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' $tialtf fWthe fWOOOM Aesouro Baid 0ai Potentially arable landi rural population (ha) 0.1 Freshwater withdrawals for agr../ agr. GDP (cm million $) 267 7 Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) . 84 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) -2 7 Cropland potent ar y (non-marginal) arable land (%) .. 283 Irrigated land as % cropland . 87.3 88.3 Cultivated and with conservation technologies (%) Paife-~d nt8i4f91t~Pwe* t 0tSi2.-j,,ft.it:trrruit.irff g Fiscal decentralization (salre of locau govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizationsi no of community groups Local govt. spending central govt spend ng Local tax revenue, local govt. spending 220 Vanuatu 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 0.1 0.1 02 GDP ($ millions) 113 153 241 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) . 1,170 1,260 Rural population (% of total) 82 82 80 Life expectancy 55 61 65 Surtacearea(1,000sq km) 12 12 12 RUt ull,Wbelng Population below the poverty line 1% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 94 56 36 Safe water, rural (% of rural population w th access) 67 75 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) 35 School enrollment, primary (% gross)' 106 96 School enrollment. primary, male )% gross) 98 School enrollment, primary, female (% gross) . 94 Per capita dietary energy supply Ica ories)* 2,560 2,730 2.610 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)t Youth illiteracy rate, I% of female 1 5-24) *. I literacy rate. adult female (% of female 15+)± ImfwAow tn he 1 Eonomy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) 2.7 Agr. GDP, agr worker as % of total GDP, worker Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr, female (% of total labor force) Employees, services, female (% of total labor force) Non-agr GDP! non-agr. worker ($/people) Cerea yield (kilograms per hectare) 520 538 538 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 85 114 118 Livestock production index (1989-91 100) 76 100 117 oevsopmeftt off MaretsL Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 522 39 2 55.8 Percent of agr production so d In domestc market . Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' , 20 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural abor force ()/% of total labor force) Labor force, female (% of total labor force) Food price index (1995=1 00) ItEowvmrent of Accsbtlly am4Crommutthicalon, Roads, normalized index' Roads paved (%) . 22 24 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 13 18 28 Radios (per 1,000 people) 197 292 348 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) *- Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people) Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people) Susnlainble Mangteme of the Nahtwe Rlesource fase Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) Freshwater withdrawals for agr i agr. GDP (cm, million $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of tota) Annual deforestation t 990-95 (% change) Cropland/ potentially Inon-margina) arab e land 1%) Irrigated and as % crop and Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) Policy and noatutonaf Framefwork Fiscai decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt spending 221 Venezuela R.B. de 1980 1990 1998 Population (millons) 15.1 19.5 23,2 GDP ($ millions) 69.377 48.593 95,023 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 4.340 2 700 3.530 Rural populat on ti or total) 21 16 14 Life expectancy 68 71 73 Surface area (1t000 sq. km) 912 912 912 Population below the poverty line (% rural) ,. Mortality rare, infant (per 1.000 live births) 36 25 2t Safe water, rural (i% of rural populaton with access) . 75 San tation. rura (% of rural popu ation with access) 30 School enrol ment, primary (% gross)' 93 96 91 School enroliment, primary, male (%u, gross)' 91 94 90 Schoo enrollment. primary, female M% grossi' 95 97 93 Per capita dietary energy supply (calor es)* 2,710 2,410 2,420 Ma nutr t on prevalence i% of children under 5) 10 8 5 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* 6 3 2 Illiteracy rate. adult female (% of female 1t5+)' 18 12 9 Agr GDP (value added), annuaJ growth (1980 98) 1.8 Agr GDP agr. worker as % of tota GDP, worker 33 45 57 Agr. GDP agr worker annual growth (1980-98) 1.3 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr. eemale 17, of tcta abor lorce) 2 2 2 Employees. senices, fema e I", of total labor force) 79 81 84 Non-agr. GDP non-agr. workerv f$people) 145993 7,184 10616 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,914 2,486 2,827 Food producton index If989 91 t 100) 81 100 115 Livestock production index (1989-91 100) 86 100 114 Developlt of MaetS}I Agr. exporls as percent of agr. value added 24 11 7 13 7 Percent of agr product on sold in domestic markel Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)' 23.133 14,328 18,586 Agr. wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force I% of tota labor force) 15 12 9 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 27 31 34 Food price index O(995=100) 1 17 266 iretotvemettiofio Accessib iftyand0mtftctluM oni0j Roads, normalized index' . 136 Roads paved 3%i' 36 34 Telephone mainlines (per 1 000 people)' 53 82 117 Radios (per 1.000 people)' 391 475 468 Electric power consunmpton per capila ikWhW 2.037 2,307 2488 Daiy newspapers (per t,000 people)' t95 144 206 Number of post offices (rural) Two whee ers (per 1 000 people)* 40 Potent a ly arable and, rural popu ation (ha) 11 6 Freshwater wthdrawals for agr. agr GDP (cml million $) 2.0 Freshwaterew thdrawa s for agr. (%of total) 46 Annual deforentla on 1 990 95 I% change) 1.1 Cropland/ potentially inon marg nall arable land Ii) . 10 Irrigated land as % cropland 3.7 4,6 5.9 Cutivated land wrth conservatron technologies Cut Poiy had instlitiiE ti ewfok Fiscal decentralization (share of focal govt. expenditure) No oMfarmers organizat onsn no. of community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ ocal govt. spending 222 Vietnam 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 53 7 66.2 76 5 GDP ($ mill ons) 6,472 27,184 GNP per cap ta, Alas method IUS ., 350 Rural population I% of total) 81 80 80 L fe expectancy 63 67 68 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 332 332 332 Rt Welt-ewing Population below the poverty line (% rural) . 57 Mortality rate. infant (per 1,000 xve b rths) 57 40 34 Safe water, rural (% of rura population with access) . . 32 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population w tI access) . 15 Sanool enrollment, primary P/ grossl^ 109 103 114 School enrollment, primary, male ('Z. grossl' l1t .. 116 Sclhool enrol ment, primary, fema e I% gross)' 106 . Ill Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2.110 2.220 2.410 Malnutrition prevalence (% of ch ldren under 5)' 45 40 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 1 5-24)p 7 5 3 Ilfiteracy rate, adut female 1 of femaie 15+)' 19 13 9 Inmprovement in the Rural Ecoroomy Agr. GDP (value added), ann,al growth l1980-98) 4 8 Agr. GDP/ agr worker as % ol total GDP/ worker 53 38 Agr. GDP; agr warker annial growth (1980-98) 2 7 Rural non-farm employment Employees. agr.. female (% of total labor force) 75 73 71 Employees. services, female (% of total labor force) 15 16 20 Non-agr. GDP/ non-agr worker (Ipeople) .. 417 1,572 Cereal yield (Kilograms per heuaTrej 2,016 3,080 3,838 Food produjction index (1989-91 = tO0) 64 100 147 Livestock production index (1989-91 =100) 51 101 157 Qevetopment of Mldlets Agr exports as percent ol agr value added 31 1 25.0 Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domest c savings l$ mill ons)' . 387 5,789 Agr wage per agr. worker IS) Rural labor force (% of tota labor force) 73 71 68 Labor force, female P% of total labor force) 48 50 49 Food price index (1995=1 00) Improvement of AcoessIbilty and Communication Roads. normalized index' Roads paved (%)' 24 25 Telephone mainlines (per 1.000 people)' 1 1 26 Radios (per 1.000 people)' 93 104 107 Electric power consumption per capita )kWh)' 50 94 203 Dally newspapers (per 1.000 people)' tO 8 4 Number of post offices Irural) Two wheelers (per t 000 peopae)^ .. 45 45 Suswnable Managenwnt of the Naturait Re rote tes7 Potentially arable land' rura population (ha) 01 Freshwater withdrawals for agr ' agr. GDP (cm/ mi lion $) 171 9 Freshwater wthdrawalsf or agr () of total) . 8 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% change) 1.4 Cropland' potent al y (non-marginal) arable land (%) . .. 97 Irrigated land as % cropland 23.5 28 8 31.9 Cultivated land with conservat on lechno)ogies (%) Polit" and Intitutiortl Framework Fiscal decentralization (share of local govt. experditure) No of farmers organ zations/ no. of community groups Local govt, spendinrg' central govt spending Local tax revenue' local govt. spending 223 Virain Islands (U.S.) 1980 1990 1998 Popuiation (millions) 01 01 0.1 GDP ($ milionsn 728 1,565 1,996 GNP per capila. Atas method (US $S 8D000 13,660 Rural population (°'c of tota) 56 56 54 Life expectancy 71 74 77 Surface area f1,000 sq. kmi 0 0 0 Population below the poverty line (Y% rural) Morality rate, intant Iper '.300 vwe brthsi 22 20 10 Safe water ral (e of rurail population with accessi Sanitation. rurat i of rural popuiation with access) School enronlment. prnmary (° grossi' School enro Iment pr mary. ma e 1% gross)' School enrollment primary, lemale (` gross)* Per capita dietary energy supply icalories)' Malnutrition preva ence `°/ of chi dren under 5;' Youth illiteracy rate. (' of female 15-24)' II iteracy raue, adult fema e (%. of female 15+7) Agr. GDP (value added), arnute growlh (t 980-98) Agr. GDP agr worker as `x of total GDPi worker Agr. GOP agr worker, annual growth (1980-98j Pura non-farm emp oymeni Employees, agr female (/. ot lotal labor force) Emptoyeesa services. female (' of totar labor force) Non agr GDP/ non-agr worker ($,people) Cerea yield (ki ograms per `rectare) Food prodction index( 1989-91 r O0) t35 94 103 Livestock production index 1t989-91 = 100j 136 95 104 Develognp nt of Markets Agr. exports as percent of agr value added Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural hoaseho d Gross pomesto c savings (S milions' Apr. wage per agr. worker S. Rural labor force (° of total labor force) Labor fDrce lemat of totae sabr force) Food price index 1995=100) tlmproveraenl of Aceessibility and Conirnr"caitionit Roads normalized index' Roads paved Telephone ma n ines (per t 000 people)' 298 463 600 Padios rper 1 000 peopiae 845 992 t,GOO E ectr c power consumption per capita (kWh) Dally newspapers (per 1.000 people)' 0 0 0 Number of post offices rural) Two wheelers (per t 000 peoplej' sustainrble Management of tehlutir ita Resiource Base Potentialiy arable land! rural popufation (ha) 0 0 Freshwate' withdrawals for agr i apr GDP (cm r 11 on $S Freshwater withdrawals for agr ;I of total) Anrua deforestation 1990 95 (r change) Cropland potent a y (non-marginal) arable iand Irrigated land as x cropland Cultivated land with conservation technolog es 7' Poicy anitrd rInstt ritutioal Framework Fisca decentra zat on (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organ zationsi no. of communty groups Local ovst spending' central govt. spendiag Locai tax revenue ocal govt spending 224 West Bank and Gaza 1980 1990 1998 Populaton (millions) . 20 2.7 GDP (S millions) . - 3,589 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) .. 1,560 Rural population (% of total) Life expectancy . 69 71 Surface area (1,000 sq km) Rurft We-iR,elng Population beow the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live birtnhs) . 42 24 Safe water. rural (% of rural population wth aocess) Sanitation, rural j% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary (% gross)' School enrollment primary, male (% gross)' School enrollment, primary, female (1% gross)* Per capita dietary energy supply (calor es)* Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5. . Youth Oiliteracy rate, (% ot female 15 24. Illiteracy rate, adult female I% of female 15-)-' Iw*oe~t In the furi Uff rcownomy Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth j1980-98) Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker Agr GDP' agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr . female (% of total abor force) Employees, ser ces female (% of tota labor force) Non-agr GDP/ non-agr worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) Food production ndex (1989-9t = tI00) Livestock prodiction index O1989-91 = 100) Ofte opmat of Y5 :t-s Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added Percent of agr. producton sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ mili ons)' -533 Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) Labor force. female (% of total labor torce) Food price index 11995=100) fl¶provement of Accesstfbftty a id Comn"tonif Roads, normalized index' Roads paved (%I' Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' Radios (per 1.000 people)* Electric power consumption per capita IkWh)' Daily newspapers (per 1.000 people)' Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 peoplel) Sustau iabfe ftsnawgment of 8t Hatourat flesowtuce 8ase Potentially arable land/ rural population (hal Freshwater withdrawals for agr./ agr. GDP (cm/ million $) Freshwater withdrawals for agr (% of total) Annual deforestation 1990-95 (%v change) Cropland' potenbtal y (non-marginal) arable and (%) Irrigated land as % cropland Cultivated land with conservat on technologies (%) Poricy and InsdUtikional Framwmork Fiscal decentralizatiox (share of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organizations/ no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ centra govt. spending Local tax revenue: local govt spend ng 225 Yemen, Ren. 1980 1990 1998 Population (m lions) 8.5 11.9 16.6 GDP ($ mill0ons) . 4,724 4.318 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US S) 380 280 Rural population (% of total) 81 77 76 Life expectancy 49 52 56 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 528 528 528 Popu ation below the poverty line (% rural) 19 Montality rate, infant (per 1.000 live bifts) 141 110 82 Safe water, rural (% of rural popu ation with access) . . 14 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) . .. 14 School enrolment, primary (% gross)* 0. 0 School enroilmenst primary, male (% gross)' . t100 School enrollment, primary. female (% gross)' , 40 Per capta dietary energy supply (calories)' t,950 2,700 2,050 Malnutrition preva ence (% of children under 5)- 30 46 Youth illiteracy rate, (% at fema e 15-24)' 89 75 58 Iliteracy rate, adult fernale (l of female 15+)* 95 87 77 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker . 46 31 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1980-98) Rural non farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force} 98 88 Employees. services, female (% of total labor Isrce) l 7 Non agr. GDP non-agr. worker ($ peaplsi . 2,512 1,445 Cereal y eld ikilograms per hectare) 1,016 908 874 Food production index( 989-91 100) 76 101 r29 Livestock production ndex (1989-91 =100) 70 95 136 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 5.6 4 7 Percent of agr product on sold in domestic market Access to finance system per rural househo d Gross domestic savengs (S millions)* 344 102 Agr wage per agr. worker (S) Rural labor force l% of total labor force) 73 6t 53 Labor force. female (% of tota labor force) 33 30 26 Food price index (1995=100) haproovaent of AvalityadCwwteb Roads normalized ndexs Roads paved (7 )' 9 8 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)' 2 it 13 Radios (per .000 people)' 13 27 64 E ectric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 59 108 93 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 peopee)* 17 15 Number of post offices (rura I Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 3 tainablrfe angementof lthe Nraturatl acusource Base Potentially arable land/ rura population (ha) Freshwater wthdrawals for agr/ agr. GDP (cm mil ion $) .. . 62.4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . . 92 Annua deforestation 1990 95 (o change) 0.0 Cropland' potentially (non-wargpnal) arable land i%) Irsgated land as % cropland 19.8 23.5 31.2 Cultivated land with conservation techno ogies (%) Fiscal decenlralizalion (snare of local govt. expenditure) No. of farmers organ zat onss no. of community groups Local govt. spending, central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt spending 226 Yugoslavia. FR (Serbia/Montenearo) 1980 1990 1998 Population rmil ions) 9 8 10 5 10 6 GDP ($ millions) GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) Rural population (% of total) 54 49 48 Life expectancy 70 72 72 Surface area (1,000 sq. km) 256 256 RuMr Wellfbesng Populat on below the poverty line (% rural) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 33 23 13 Safe water, rura (0% of rural population with access) Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) School enrollment, primary f% grossc .. 72 69 School enrollment, primary, male ( gross) 7r 69 School enrol ment. primary. fema e (% grossF 73 70 Per capita dietary energy supply lcalories) 3,680 3,570 3,100 Malnutrition prevalence (0% of chi dren under 5)- . . 2 Youth Ilkeracy rate. (% of female 15-24). Illiteracy rate, adult female (0% of female 15->. ImProvement in the furaf Eoonomy Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98) Agr. GDP: agr. worker as % of tote GDP/ worker Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth (1 980-98) Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr . female (% of total labor force) 49 32 Employees, services, female (°h of total labor force) 32 41 Non-agr GDP/ non-agr. worker ($/people) Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 3,634 3.403 Food producton Index I1989-91 = 1001 94 94 Livestock production ndex (1989-91 = 100) 94 96 Devefoptent of Markets Agr exports as percent of agr value added Percent of agr production sold in domestic market Access to f nance system per rural household Gross domestic sav ngs ($ millions) Agr wage per agr worker ($) Rural labor force (0% of total labor force) Labor force, female (% of total abor force) 39 42 43 Food price Index (1995=100) .. 0 216 Improvement of AccessfbMty and Comwunteation Roads, normalized ndex- Roads paved (%>) 59 59 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 peopel 71 166 218 Radios (per 1,000 people) 525 281 297 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh- Gaily newspapers (per 1,000 people) . 35 107 Number of post offices (ruralr Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 3 4 Sustianable Management of the Naturat Resource Base Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 0 7 Freshwater withdrawals for agr / agr. GDP (cm/ mi ion $) Freshvwater withdrawals for agr (1% of total) Annual deforestaton 1990-95 (% change) Cropland) potentially (non-margina) arab e land (0%) .. 143 Irrigated land as % cropland 1 8 2 2 Cultivated and with conservation technologies f%) Pofyr and Inseftutuoal Framework Fiscal decentralizaton (share of local govt. expenditure) No of farmers organizations! no. of community groups Local govt spending/ central gcvt. spending Local fax revenue: local go\t. spending 227 Zambia 1980 1990 1998 Population (millions) 5.7 7.8 9.7 GDP ($ millions) 3,884 3,288 3,352 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 630 450 330 Rural population (%of total) 60 61 61 Life expectancy 50 49 43 Surface area (1,000 sq. kin) 753 753 753 Population below the poverty line (% rural) . 88 Mortality rate. infant (per 1,000 ive births) 90 107 114 Safe water, rural )% of rural population with access) . . 27 Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access) . . 10 School enrollment, primary (% gross)* 90 99 89 School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)* 98 107 91 School enrollment, pr mary, female (% gross)' 83 98 86 Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2.180 2,070 1,950 Ma nutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' .. 25 24 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)* 35 24 16 Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)' 53 41 31 Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980 98) -0.8 Agr. GDP. agr. worker as % of total GDP' worker 19 24 25 Agr GDP, agr worker, annual growth (1980-98) 2.7 Rural non-farm employment . Employees. agr., female (% of tota labor force) 85 83 Employees, services, female (%of total labor force) 13 t4 Non-agr. GDP! non-agr. worker ($/people) 5.815 3,601 2,569 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1 ,567 1 ,352 1,428 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 75 94 94 Livestock production index (1989-91 100) 88 100 110 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 1t0 4.0 7.8 Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market Access to f nance system per rural household Gross domestic savings ($ millions)- 748 545 178 Agr wage per agr. worker ($) Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 76 75 71 Labor force, female (% of total labor force) 45 46 45 Food price index (1995=100) 0 3 219 Roads, normalized indexa . 235 Roads paved (%). 17 18 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 6 9 9 Radios (per 1,000 people)' 56 88 121 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 1,016 503 563 Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 19 13 12 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' Potentially arable land/ rural population (ha) 9.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr.' agr. GDP ()cm' million $) 39.4 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) . . 77 Annual deforestation 1990-95 (% charige) 0.8 Cropiand' potentially (non-marginal) arable land (/6) . . 12 Irrigated land as % cropland 0.4 0 6 0.9 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%) p48c~$tmiftt118 a - fFtfftL < Ff fwttoj,51t tttiE Fiscal decentral zat on (share of local govt. expend ture) No. ot farmers organizations/ no. ot community groups Local govt spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ ocal govt. spending 228 Zimbabwe 1980 1990 1998 Population Imililons) 7.0 9.7 11.7 GDP ($ millions) 6,679 8,784 6,338 GNP per capita, Atlas method (US $) 950 920 620 Rural population (% of total) 78 72 66 Life expectancy 55 56 51 Surtace area (1,000 sq km) 391 391 391 RurtfWfl4efne Population below the poverty line (% rural) 31 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 80 52 73 Safe water, rural I% of rural population with access) . 14 64 Sanitation, rural (% of rural populaton with access) .. 41 48 School enrollment, primary )% gross)* 85 116 112 School enrollment. primary, male (%gross)* 120 117 115 School enrollment, primary, female (I% gross)' 110 115 ill Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)' 2,230 2.150 2.200 Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)' 12 16 Youth illiteracy rate, (% of female 15-24)' 20 9 5 Illiteracy rate. adult female (% of female 15+)* 38 25 t7 hravMO e 6twtt LOg PtEonory : Agr GDP (value added), annual growth (1 980-98) 2.9 Agr. GDP! agr. worker as % of total GDP! worker 21 22 26 Agr. GDP/ agr. worker. annual growth (1980-98) 0.6 Rural non-farm employment Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force) 50 35 38 Employees, services, temale (% of total labor force) 42 57 52 Non-agr GDP, non-agr. worker ($/people) 6.416 5. 38 2,687 Cereal yield (kilograms per hectare) 1,185 1,625 1,101 Food production index (1989-91 = 100) 76 104 93 Livestock production index (1989-91 = 100) 83 104 101 Agr. exports as percent of agr. value added 40.9 57.5 80.8 Percent of agr production sold in domestic marke,l Access to finance system per rural household Gross domestic savings I$ miliJons)' 920 1,532 974 Agr. wage per agr worker M18 Rural labor force (% of total labor force) 72 68 64 Labor force, female ('/o of total labor force) 44 44 44 Food price index (1995=1001 6 23 208 bipwoveant of AMesufo bEty and Commutmaf om Roads, normalizes noes' . .. 120 Roads paved (%)' 14 47 Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)* 13 12 17 Radios (per 1.000 people)' 34 84 93 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)' 990 933 919 DOily newspapers (per 1,000 people)' 19 21 19 Number of post offices (rural) Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)' 32 f!uIalIe*bMnagwnwt oft,. NMtf Aeawe 8ase Potentially arable landi rural population (ha). 0.8 Preshwater withdrawals for agr.: agr GDP (cm! million $) 15.2 Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total) .. 79 Annual detorestation 1990-95 (% change) 0 6 Cropland/ potentially (non-marginal) arable land (%) . .. 48 Irrigated land as % cropland 3 1 3.5 4 7 Cultivated land with conservation technologies (e6) Fiscaf decentralization (share of local govt expenditure) No. of farmers organizations' no. of community groups Local govt. spending/ central govt. spending Local tax revenue/ local govt. spending 229 230 TECHNICAL NOTES ON THE RURAL SCORE CARD Rural poverty is a pervasive problem in many developing countries, making it a key component of any poverty re- duction strategy. Many developing countries and develop- ment agencies would like to systematically monitor their progress in reducing rural poverty. They need a reliable data set and clearly defined, broad-based, composite indi- cators that capture the myriad aspects of rural poverty. Only then could policymakers and development practitioners assess a country's performance against its own goals, or against the goals of other countries within the same region or income group. Unfortunately, such a rural "score card" does not yet exist. This technical note explains how a set of indicators from the Rural Development Handbook is used to develop a first iteration of a Rural Score Card for measuring rural well- being (poverty reduction). This note also covers issues re- lated to computing and interpreting the Score Card. For the purposes of developing the Rural Score Card, pov- erty reduction is used as a proxy for rural well-being. From the Handbook, the indicators that are readily available and best represent the outcomes commonly identified with pov- erty reduction are used to compute the Rural Score Card. Most of these indicators are aggregated at the national level, because disaggregated urban-rural data are not available, but they do correlate with rural outcomes. The five indica- tors, based on poverty reduction outcomes, that are used to assess different aspects of poverty reduction include: Outcome 1: Proportion of rural population with incomes below the poverty level Population below the poverty line, percent rural Outcome 2:Social and physical well-being are improved Safe water, percent of rural population with access Outcome 3: Human development Infant mortality rate (number per 1,000 live births) Outcome 4: Gender equity is increased Primary school enrollment, male (percent gross)/Primary school enrollment, female (percent gross) 231 Outcome 5: Food security is enhanced Malnutrition prevalence (percent of children under 5) HOW THE RURAL SCORE CARD IS COMPUTED 1. The base year chosen is 1990 as the reference value for individual country level indicators, or regional mean. 2. The value of each indicator for each year is normal- ized relative to the base year by expressing this as the rate of change from the reference year. 3. The values on a common scale are plotted to show the trend and to estimate progress. It is important to note that progress is often reflected in positive rate of change, but this could be negative (e.g., infant mortality rates and poverty headcount). In the latter case, the values are inverted in order to reflect the positive trend in their respective values. 4. The average of the normalized indicators of the five outcomes is computed. This becomes the Rural Score Card. HOW TO USE THE RURAL SCORE CARD Given the variability of data quality and in the level of economic development in each country, the rankings should be interpreted with care. With that caveat, the Rural Score Card can have several important uses for the Bank and its client countries. The Score Card serves as a kind of barometer for ru- ral well-being - measuring the direction and rate of change in the key indicator areas. At the country level, it assesses progress (or lack thereof) in implementing a rural poverty alleviation program. Beyond that level, it provides a measure with which to compare a country's performance against a regional mean. The Score Card can provide a basis for policy dialogue with client countries by focusing attention on areas of need when deciding on investment priorities during the Country Assistance Strategy process. 232 Perhaps most importantly, the Rural Score Card brings the need for reliable data in client countries into clear focus. NEXT STEPS To be more useful, the concept of the Rural Score Card needs to be widely discussed, the quality of the data used needs to improve, and the scores must be interpreted with care. As the quality of the relevant ru- ral data improves and it becomes more widely and readily available, the utility of the Rural Score Card as an effective monitoring tool will increase. This is true not only for the World Bank, but also for client coun- tries and the donor community. Therefore, the Rural Score Card will be reviewed periodically as the quality and availability of rural data improves. Meanwhile, some initiatives have already started that will help in this effort. A United Nations inter-agency network and the World Bank are working with countries to facilitate standard data collection. The Bank (RDV and DECDG) will take the lead in facilitating these efforts to improve the rural data system and capture indicators that are disaggregated between rural and urban. 233 234 DEFINITIONS Access to finance system per rural household-The share of the rural household with access to a finance system is the percent of rural population that is actively participating in for- mal financial systems. Agr. exports (% of agricultural value added)-Value added in agriculture measures the output of the agricultural sector (ISIC divisions 1-5) less the value of intermediate inputs. Ag- riculture comprises value added from forestry, hunting, and fishing as well as cultivation of crops and livestock produc- tion. Data on agricultural exports come from the FAO. Agr. GDP (value added), annual growth (1980-98)-Agri- cultural value added is the value added to the output of the agricultural sector (ISIC divisions 1-5) less the value of inter- mediate inputs. Agriculture comprises value added from for- estry, hunting, and fishing as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate in- puts. It is calculated without making deductions for deprecia- tion of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natu- ral resources. The industrial origin of value added is deter- mined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2. Agr. GDP/ agr. worker as % of total GDP/ worker-Agricul- tural GDP per agricultural worker as a % of national GDP per worker is the ratio of agricultural GDP per agricultural worker compared to national GDP per national worker. Data on agri- cultural workers and workers come from the FAO and refer to the economically active population in agriculture and the total economically active population, respectively. Agr. GDP/ agr. worker, annual growth-Agriculture value added per worker is a measure of agricultural productivity. Value added in agriculture measures the output of the agri- cultural sector (ISIC divisions 1-5) less the value of intermedi- ate inputs. Agriculture comprises value added from forestry, hunting, and fishing as well as cultivation of crops and live- stock production. Data on agricultural workers come from the FAO and refer to the economically active population in agriculture.Data are in constant 1995 U.S. dollars. Agr. wage per agr. worker (current US$)-Agricultural wage per worker is based on daily wages in agriculture. 235 Annual deforestation (% change)-Annual deforestation re- fers to permanent conversion of natural forest to other uses, including shifting cultivation, permanent agriculture, ranching, settlements, and infrastructure development. Deforested ar- eas do not include areas logged but intended for regenera- tion or areas degraded by fuel wood gathering, acid precipita- tion, or forest fires. Cereal yield (kg per hectare)-Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. Cropland/ potentially arable land-Cropland refers to arable land and land used for permanent crops. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flower- ing shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Arable land is land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted only once), temporary meadows for mow- ing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow (less than five years). This category does not include abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation. Data for "arable land" are not meant to indicate the amount of land that is potentially cultivable. Potentially arable land is the total land area assessed suitable for annual cereal crop (wheat, wet- land rice, maize). Cultivated land with conservation technologies (%)-The percent of cultivated land with conservation technologies is the current area of arable land protected with conservation technologies, such as cover crops, conservation terrace, crop rotation, per mean arable land. Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)-Daily newspapers are the number of newspapers published at least four times a week, per 1,000 people. Electric power consumption per capita (kmh)-Electricity consumption measures the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants, less distribution losses, and 236 own use by heat and power plants in rural areas. Employees, agr., female (% of total labor force)-Employ- ees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture includes hunting, forestry, and fishing corresponding to major division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3). Employees, services, female (% of total labor force)-Em- ployees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and busi- ness services; and community, social, and personal services, corresponding to major divisions 6 through 9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G through P (ISIC revision 3). Fiscal decentralization (share of local government expen- diture)-Fiscal decentralization is the share of total fiscal re- sources under control of local governments. Food price index (1995 = 100)-Food price index is a subin- dex of the consumer price index. Food production index (1989-91=100)-Food production in- dex covers commodities that are considered edible and that contain nutrients. Coffee and tea are excluded because, al- though edible, they have no nutritive value. Freshwater withdrawals for agr. (% of total)-Total water withdrawal, not counting evaporation losses from storage ba- sins, but including water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source of water withdrawals. It is computed as percentage of total renewable resources includ- ing rivers, river flows from other countries, and ground water from rainfall. Freshwater withdrawals for agr.1 agr. GDP-Annual fresh- water withdrawals refer to total water withdrawal, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also in- clude water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals for agriculture are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production. GDP in ag- riculture measures the output of the agricultural sector (ISIC divisions 1-5) less the value of intermediate inputs. Agricul- ture comprises value added from forestry, hunting, and fish- ing as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. GDP ($ millions)-GDP measures the total output of goods 237 and services for final use occurring within the domestic terri- tory of a given country, regardless of the allocation to domes- tic and foreign claims. Gross domestic product at purchaser values (market prices) is the sum of gross value added by all resident and nonresident producers in the economy plus any taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degra- dation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic curren- cies using single year official exchange rates. For a few coun- tries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. GNP per capita ($)-GNP per capita is gross national prod- uct divided by midyear population. GNP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers plus any taxes (less subsidies) that are not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (employee compensation and property income) from nonresident sources. Gross domestic savings (current US$)-Gross domestic savings are calculated as the difference between GDP and total consumption. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of female 15+)- Adult fe- male illiteracy rate is the proportion of female adults aged 15 and above who cannot, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life. Irrigated land as % of cropland-Irrigated land is the area purposely provided with water, including land irrigated by con- trolled flooding. Cropland includes land under temporary and permanent crops, temporary meadows, market and kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Labor force, female (% of total labor force)-Female labor force as a percentage of the total shows the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises all people who meet the International Labour Organization's defi- nition of the economically active population. Life expectancy-Life expectancy at birth indicates the num- ber of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same through- out its life. Livestock production index (1989-91=100)-Livestock pro- duction index includes meat and milk from all sources, dairy products such as cheese, and eggs, honey, raw silk, wool, 238 and hides and skins. Local government spending/ central government spend- ing-Local government spending as a share of central gov- ernment spending is the ratio of local government spending to central government spending. Local tax revenue! local government spending-Local tax revenue as a share of local government spending is the ratio of local tax revenue to local government spending. Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5)-Preva- lence of child malnutrition is the percentage of children under five whose weight for age and height for age are less than minus two standard deviations from the median for the inter- national reference population aged 0-59 months. For chil- dren up to two years of age, height is measured by recum- bent length. For older children, height is measured by stature while standing. The reference population, adopted by the WHO in 1983, is based on children from the United States, who are assumed to be well nourished. Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)-Infant mortal- ity rate is the number of infants who die before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in the same year. Non-agr. GDP/ Non-agr. worker-Non-agricultural GDP as a share of the non-agricultural labor force is the ratio of non- agricultural GDP per non-agricultural worker. Data on non- agricultural workers come from the FAO. Number of farmer organizations/ number of community groups-The number of farmer organizations as a share of the number of active community groups includes civil society networks existing at regional and national levels. Number of post offices (rural)-The number of post offices (rural) is the number of post offices available in rural areas. Per capita dietary energy supply (calories)-Per capita di- etary energy supply refers to the total amount of the commod- ity available for human consumption during the year. Percent of agr. production sold in domestic market-The percent of agricultural production sold in a domestic market is the agricultural production available for any use except as seed and feed sold in domestic market. Population (millions)-Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents re- gardless of legal status or citizenship. Refugees not perma- nently settled in the country of asylum are generally consid- 239 ered to be part of the population of their country of origin. Population below poverty line, (% rural)-Rural poverty rate is the percentage of the rural population living below the na- tional rural poverty line. Potentially arable land/ rural population-Potentially ar- able land is the total land area assessed suitable for annual cereal crop (wheat, wetland rice, maize). Rural population is estimated as the difference between the total population and the urban population. Radios (per 1,000 people)-Radios are the estimated num- ber of radio receivers in use for broadcasts to the general public, per 1,000 people. Roads paved (%)-Paved roads are roads that have been sealed with asphalt or similar road-building materials. Roads, normalized index (100 = expected total length)- Normalized road index is the total length of roads in a country compared with the expected length of roads, where the ex- pectation is conditioned on population, population density, per capita income, urbanization, and region-specific dummy vari- ables. A value of 100 is "normal." If the index is more than 100, the country's stock of roads exceeds the average. Rural l3bor force (% of total labor force)-Labor force in the rural area is the number of persons in the job market in rural area. These data are lacking for most countries. Agricul- tural labor force is used instead as an approximation. Data on agricultural labor force and the total labor force come from the FAO and refer to the economically active population in agriculture and the total economically active population, re- spectively. Rural non-farm employment-Rural non-farm employment is the % of rural labor force employed by non-farm enterprises. Rural population (% total)-Rural population is the dif- ference between the total population and the urban population. Urban population is the midyear popula- tion of areas defined as urban in each country and re- ported to the United Nations. Safe water, rural (% of rural population with access)- Access to safe water is the share of the population with rea- sonable access to an adequate amount of safe water in a dwelling or within a convenient distance of their dwelling. In rural areas, the definition implies that members of the house- hold do not have to spend a disproportionate part of the day 240 fetching water. An adequate amount of water is that needed to satisfy metabolic, hygienic, and domestic requirements, usu- ally about 20 liters of safe water a person per day. The defini- tion of safe water has changed over time. Sanitation, rural (% of rural population with access)-Ac- cess to sanitation in rural areas is the share of the rural popu- lation with at least adequate excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Suitable facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with sewerage. To be effective, all facili- ties must be correctly constructed and properly maintained. School enrollment, primary (% gross)-Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Estimates are based on the Inter- national Standard Classification of Education (ICSED). Pri- mary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understand- ing of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music. Surface area (1,000 sq. km)-Surface area is a country's total area including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways. Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people)-Telephone main- lines are telephone lines connecting a customer's equipment to the public switched telephone network. Data are presented for the entire country and for the largest city. Two wheelers (per 1,000 people)-Two-wheelers refer to mopeds and motorcycles available per 1,000 people. Youth illiteracy rate (% of female 15-24)-Youth female illit- eracy rate is the percentage of females aged 15-24 who can- not, with understanding, read and write a short, simple state- ment about their everyday life. 241 The World Bank I Development Department IWorld Bank H Street, N.W., Room MC 5-724 Washington, D.C. 2Q433 Website: http://www.worldbank.org/rural