E4484 V2 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies Task 3: EDWC Dam Safety and Feasibility Analysis Environmental Assessment for Construction Activities June 2013 Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Guyana Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies Task EVTDam Safety 3: EDWC 270299 EES FeasibilityA and 01 Analysis Document9 20 February 2013 Conservancy Adaptation Project Environmental and Social Management Plan Environmental Assessment for Construction Activities June 2013 Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Guyana Mott MacDonald, c/o The British High Commission, 44 Main Street, Georgetown Mott MacDonald, Demeter House, Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2RS, United Kingdom T +44 (0)1223 463500 F +44 (0)1223 461007 W www.mottmac.com Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Issue and revision record Revision Date Originator Checker Approver Description A 6-Jun-13 A Tiwari M Taylor A Kirby Task 3 Deliverable 5 Final Draft Submission This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project document being relied upon by any other party, or being used only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission any other purpose. which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties. This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from us and from the party which commissioned it.. 270299/EVT/EES/27/A June 2013 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Contents Chapter Title Page 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction to the Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies _____________________ 1 1.2 Background _______________________________________________________________________ 1 1.3 Project and Task Objectives___________________________________________________________ 2 1.4 Description of Works ________________________________________________________________ 2 1.5 Progress on Task ___________________________________________________________________ 3 1.6 EA Methodology ____________________________________________________________________ 3 2 Legal Framework 5 2.1 Introduction________________________________________________________________________ 5 2.2 Policies ___________________________________________________________________________ 5 2.2.1 Constitution _______________________________________________________________________ 5 2.2.2 National Development Strategy (2001-2010) ______________________________________________ 5 2.2.3 National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) ______________________________________________ 5 2.2.4 National Land Use Policy (LUP) ________________________________________________________ 6 2.2.5 Low Carbon Development Strategy _____________________________________________________ 6 2.3 Legislation ________________________________________________________________________ 6 2.3.1 National Drainage and Irrigation Authority (NDIA) Act _______________________________________ 6 2.3.2 Environmental Protection Act __________________________________________________________ 6 2.3.3 Environmental Protection Regulations ___________________________________________________ 7 2.3.4 National Environmental Standards ______________________________________________________ 7 2.3.5 Occupational Health and Safety Act _____________________________________________________ 7 2.4 Institutional Framework ______________________________________________________________ 7 2.4.1 National Drainage and Irrigation Authority ________________________________________________ 7 2.4.2 Hydrometeorological Service __________________________________________________________ 8 2.4.3 Environmental Protection Agency ______________________________________________________ 8 2.4.4 Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission (GLSC) __________________________________________ 8 3 Project Description 10 3.1 Description of Construction Works to be Undertaken_______________________________________ 10 3.1.1 Overview ________________________________________________________________________ 10 3.1.2 EDWC Dam ______________________________________________________________________ 10 3.1.3 Relief Structures___________________________________________________________________ 11 3.1.3.1 Overview ________________________________________________________________________ 11 3.1.3.2 Irrigation Offtake Structures __________________________________________________________ 11 3.1.3.3 Land of Canaan Relief Structure ______________________________________________________ 12 3.1.3.4 Cuhna Relief Structure ______________________________________________________________ 13 3.1.3.5 Kofi Relief Structure ________________________________________________________________ 15 3.1.3.6 Lama North and South ______________________________________________________________ 16 3.2 Geographic Location _______________________________________________________________ 17 3.2.1 Description of Coastal Plain __________________________________________________________ 17 3.2.2 Physical Characteristics _____________________________________________________________ 17 3.2.2.1 Soils ____________________________________________________________________________ 17 3.2.2.2 Hydrology/Drainage ________________________________________________________________ 18 3.2.3 Climate __________________________________________________________________________ 19 3.2.4 Biological ________________________________________________________________________ 20 3.2.4.1 General Description ________________________________________________________________ 20 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 3.2.4.2 Flora ____________________________________________________________________________ 20 3.2.4.3 Fauna ___________________________________________________________________________ 21 4 Environmental and Social Impacts 22 4.1 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts _____________________________________________ 22 4.2 Construction Phase – Impacts ________________________________________________________ 24 4.2.1 Impacts on the Physical Environment___________________________________________________ 24 4.2.1.1 Land/Soil ________________________________________________________________________ 24 4.2.1.2 Water ___________________________________________________________________________ 25 4.2.1.3 Air ______________________________________________________________________________ 26 4.2.2 Impacts to the Biological Environment __________________________________________________ 27 4.2.2.1 Flora ____________________________________________________________________________ 27 4.2.2.2 Fauna ___________________________________________________________________________ 27 4.2.3 Impacts to the Socio-Economic Environment _____________________________________________ 28 4.2.3.1 Displacement and Relocation_________________________________________________________ 28 4.2.3.2 Irrigation _________________________________________________________________________ 28 4.2.3.3 Drainage_________________________________________________________________________ 28 4.2.3.4 Flooding _________________________________________________________________________ 28 4.2.3.5 Employment ______________________________________________________________________ 29 4.3 Potential Impacts during the Operational Phase __________________________________________ 29 4.3.1 Maintenance Activities ______________________________________________________________ 29 4.3.2 Flooding _________________________________________________________________________ 30 5 Environmental Management Plan and Mitigation Measures 31 5.1 Introduction_______________________________________________________________________ 31 5.2 Environmental Management Organisation _______________________________________________ 31 5.3 Impact Mitigation __________________________________________________________________ 32 5.3.1 General__________________________________________________________________________ 32 5.3.2 Erosion and Compaction ____________________________________________________________ 32 5.3.3 Fisheries and Watercourses__________________________________________________________ 33 5.3.4 Dewatering _______________________________________________________________________ 33 5.3.5 Noise ___________________________________________________________________________ 34 5.3.6 Dust ____________________________________________________________________________ 34 5.3.7 Fuel, Lubricants and Chemicals _______________________________________________________ 34 5.3.8 Waste Management ________________________________________________________________ 35 5.3.9 Grading and Topsoil Protection _______________________________________________________ 35 5.4 Specific Management Plans __________________________________________________________ 35 5.4.1 Erosion and Sediment Control Plan ____________________________________________________ 35 5.4.1.1 Purpose and Scope ________________________________________________________________ 35 5.4.1.2 Sediment Control and Water Quality ___________________________________________________ 36 5.4.1.3 Erosion Control____________________________________________________________________ 37 5.4.2 Waste Management Plan ____________________________________________________________ 37 5.4.2.1 Purpose and Scope ________________________________________________________________ 37 5.4.2.2 Waste Management Practices ________________________________________________________ 38 5.4.2.3 Open burning _____________________________________________________________________ 38 5.4.2.4 Strippings ________________________________________________________________________ 39 5.4.2.5 Waste Oils and Special Wastes _______________________________________________________ 39 5.4.2.6 Concrete Wastes __________________________________________________________________ 39 5.4.2.7 Food Waste ______________________________________________________________________ 39 5.4.3 Fuel and Lubricants Management (Spill Contingency and Response Plan) ______________________ 39 5.4.3.1 Purpose and Scope ________________________________________________________________ 39 5.4.3.2 Reporting of Spills _________________________________________________________________ 40 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 5.4.3.3 Minor Spills_______________________________________________________________________ 40 5.4.3.4 Major Spills_______________________________________________________________________ 40 5.4.3.5 Spill Response Equipment ___________________________________________________________ 40 5.4.3.6 Appropriate Spill Response Measures __________________________________________________ 41 5.4.3.7 Spills of Specific Materials on Construction Projects _______________________________________ 41 5.5 Closure Plan______________________________________________________________________ 44 5.6 Community Relations _______________________________________________________________ 44 6 Reporting and Monitoring 45 6.1 Roles and Responsibilities ___________________________________________________________ 45 6.1.1 Environmental Officer/Monitor ________________________________________________________ 45 6.1.2 Supervisor’s (NDIA) Representative____________________________________________________ 45 6.1.3 Contractor Representative ___________________________________________________________ 45 6.2 Project Site Meetings _______________________________________________________________ 46 6.3 Environmental Assessments of Construction Activities _____________________________________ 46 6.3.1 Reporting Criteria and Frequency _____________________________________________________ 46 6.3.2 Construction Activity to be Assessed ___________________________________________________ 47 6.3.3 Assessments _____________________________________________________________________ 47 6.3.4 Compliant /Non-compliant Criteria _____________________________________________________ 47 6.3.5 Stop Work Authorisation_____________________________________________________________ 48 6.3.6 General Environmental Monitor Activities and Deliverables __________________________________ 48 6.3.7 Pre-Construction/Construction Phase __________________________________________________ 48 6.3.8 Post Construction Phase Assessment __________________________________________________ 49 6.4 Services not provided by the General Environmental Monitor ________________________________ 49 6.5 Environmental Protection Agency _____________________________________________________ 50 6.6 Training and Spill Exercise ___________________________________________________________ 50 6.7 Workers Training Program ___________________________________________________________ 50 7 Health, Safety and Welfare during Construction 51 7.1 Management of Health and Safety _____________________________________________________ 51 7.1.1 Health and Safety Plan______________________________________________________________ 51 7.1.2 Health and Safety Risk Assessment and Identification of Mitigation Measures ___________________ 51 7.1.3 Health and Safety Training for Workers _________________________________________________ 52 7.1.4 Site Inductions ____________________________________________________________________ 53 Appendices 54 Appendix A. Example Forms ___________________________________________________________________ 55 A.1. Daily Environmental Inspection Summary - Construction____________________________________ 55 A.2. Weekly Environmental Inspection Summary - Construction __________________________________ 57 A.3. Monthly Environmental Inspection Summary - Construction _________________________________ 59 A.4. Quarterly Environmental Inspection Summary - Construction ________________________________ 61 A.5. Corrective Action Report ____________________________________________________________ 62 A.6. Post Environmental Inspection Summary - Construction ____________________________________ 63 Appendix B. Example Health and Safety Risk Assessment ____________________________________________ 65 Appendix C. Environmental Risk Assessment ______________________________________________________ 69 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Acronyms ECD East Coast Demerara EDWC East Demerara Water Conservancy EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMC Environmental Management Consultants EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency GD Georgetown Datum GFC Guyana Forestry Commission GLSC Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission GNBS Guyana National Bureau of Standards GoG Government of Guyana GPL Guyana Power and Light Company GTT Guyana Telephone and Telegraph Company GWI Guyana Water Incorporated LCDS Low Carbon Development Strategy LUP Land Use Policy MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoPWC Ministry of Public Works and Communications NARI National Agricultural Research Institute NBAP National Biodiversity Action Plan NDC Neighbourhood Democratic Council NDIA National Drainage and Irrigation Authority NDS National Development Strategy NEAP National Environmental Action Plan NICIL National Industrial and Commercial Investments Limited PPE Personal Protective Equipment RDC Regional Democratic Council 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction to the Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies The Global Environmental Facility (GEF), under the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), have provided the grant which has funded the Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies. The project aims to strengthen government and donor understanding of the East Demerara Water Conservancy (EDWC) system and coastal drainage patterns through the integration of advanced mapping and engineering analysis. The project also aims at implementing infrastructure investments to improve drainage performance, to improve the stability of the EDWC dam, to strengthen the institutional capacity for managing water and floodwater levels, and to guide interventions to reduce Guyana’s vulnerability to floods. 1.2 Background One of the major conservancy systems in Guyana is the East Demerara Water Conservancy (EDWC). The East Demerara Water Conservancy (EDWC) has a dual purpose functions to store water for irrigation and potable water supply and to assist in flood control. It is located in Region 4, fifteen (15) miles south of the coastline. The area consists of an impoundment of approximately 45,000 hectares and ranges in depth from 0 to 2m. Directly upstream of the dam is a perimeter channel which ranges in depth from approximately 3.7 meters to 4.5 meters. The Conservancy is bounded to the East, West and North by 57km of low height earthern embankment dam comprising mainly locally won clay and pegasse. To the south of the Conservancy is a natural topographic rise composed largely of coastal dune formations. The embankment encloses an extensive low lying area that is heavily vegetated. The maximum safe operating level of the water in the Conservancy is considered to be 17.83 m (58.5 ft) Georgetown Datum (GD). At this level, the conservancy 2 surface area of 450km comprises 78% its own total catchment area. The Conservancy is the main source of drinking water for Georgetown, but its main water supply function is to irrigate agricultural land during the dry season period. The irrigation system is complemented by a network of drainage and navigation channels and irrigation offtake structures. In addition to these small offtake structures, there are six (6) main relief structures which drain water from the EDWC when the water level is high. These are the Cunha, Kofi, Maduni, Lama North, Lama South and Land of Canaan. On the western side of the conservancy, Cunha, Land of Canaan, and Kofi, discharge to the Demerara River. On the eastern side of the conservancy the sluices at Lama and Maduni discharge to the Mahaica River. All the relief structures and channels for the Conservancy are gravity fed outlets into tidal boundaries at the Mahaica and the Demerara Rivers. At high tide the gates are closed to prevent ingress of the tidal waters into the Conservancy. Guyana is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise caused by global climate change. It is currently estimated that the sea level is this area is rising at a rate of approximately 1cm per year. As such the tidal window in which the impounded waters from the EDWC can be released is narrowing. There is also a perception that extreme rainfall events are becoming more common, resulting in the safe operating level of the EDWC being reached or exceeded more often. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 1 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities It is clear from historic water level records that the water level within the EDWC is rising above the safe operating level more and more frequently. This puts additional pressure on the existing dam, which is already believed to be at marginal stability. The results of any breach of the dam would be catastrophic for the inhabitants of Georgetown and Region 4. The focus of Task 3 of the CAP: Pre-Investment Studies is therefore to propose works to rehabilitate the EDWC to bring it to international standards as regards safety and stability. 1.3 Project and Task Objectives The objective of the Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies is to: ‘help the GoG adapt to global climate changes by reducing the country’s vulnerability to catastrophic flooding. Specific project objectives include: a) increasing the drainage relief capacity of the EDWC; b) strengthening the GoG’s understanding of the EDWC system and coastal plain drainage regimes; c) identifying key drainage regimes for follow-on intervention; d) developing and operationalizing an emergency flood contingency plan; and e) executing hands-on training programs to transfer technology developed with the creation of digital elevation and hydrologic flow models.’ The objective of Task 3: EDWC Dam Safety and Feasibility Analysis is to ‘design immediate improvements to the present alignment and study alternatives for the medium term solutions’ to the stability of the EDWC dam. 1.4 Description of Works In our Task 3: Geotechnical Assessment of the EDWC Dam Report we have concluded that the North and North East Dams are currently at marginal stability. As such they require immediate works to mitigate the risk of failure. The East and West dams do not meet international standards on a number of criteria and as such works are required to achieve internationally recognised standards of safety against failure. The proposed works to all the dams will entail the construction of a new dam downstream of the existing dam. The proposed new dams will be constructed using locally won clays, properly compacted and constructed in stages to allow consolidation and improvement of the dam and foundation materials. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 2 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Figure 1.1: General Layout of EDWC Dam Source: MM 1.5 Progress on Task As of the report date the status of the deliverables under Task 3 can be summarised as: Deliverable 1: EDWC Dam Geotechnical and Structural Integrity Report Submitted March 2013 Deliverable 2: Water Control Structures Map and Evaluation Report Submitted May 2012 Deliverable 3: EDWC Dam and Structure Design Report Submitted June 2013 Deliverable 4 Operations Manual Submitted June 2013 Deliverable 5: Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Submitted herewith Deliverable 6: Bid Specifications and Tender Documents Currently being finalised All outstanding deliverables under this task are currently being finalised and will be submitted by June 2013. Our results and designs have been presented to stakeholders in several workshops, meetings and th presentations. The most recent of these was the stakeholder workshop held at the World Bank on the 5 of March 2013. 1.6 EA Methodology This EA has been prepared using the national guidelines for preparation of Environmental Assessments and Management Plans as set out by the EPA. The methodology applied for this project may be loosely categorised as follows. 1. Site reconnaissance visits 2. Discussions with various stakeholders (residents, officials, and other groups) 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 3 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 3. Review of secondary sources of information 4. Observation of land use in the project area of influence. 5. Assessment of environmental impacts of implementing project and recommended actions associated with projects of similar nature. 6. Assessment of alternative options. 7. Review of all relevant laws and guidelines that define the implementation of the project. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 4 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 2 Legal Framework 2.1 Introduction Several policies, laws and regulations specific to areas of environmental management will bear on the construction activities for the rehabilitated EDWC dam as proposed by the Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies. As a matter of policy, the Environmental Protection Agency requires an environmental permit for projects listed in the fourth schedule of the EPA Act (1996) that would have a significant impact on the environment. As such there is a statutory requirement for conducting an EIA for this project. In this section the relevant policies, statutory requirement and guidelines that would impact on the environmental assessment process of this proposed project are outlined. 2.2 Policies 2.2.1 Constitution The need for a national environmental policy for Guyana has its foundations within the 1980 Constitution in Articles 2:25 and 2:36. Article 2:25 of the Constitution states that “every citizen has a duty to participate in activities to improve the environment and protect the health of the nation”. And Article 2:36 states that “in the interest of the present and future generations the state will protect rational use of its flora and fauna and will take all appropriate measures to conserve and improve the environment”. 2.2.2 National Development Strategy (2001-2010) GoG’s policy commitment to environmental management and sustainable development is emphasised in the National Development Strategy (NDS). The NDS supports an accelerated growth process involving the participation of the wider society, as well as, defining the need for environmental protection to be treated as a cross-sectoral issue applied to all aspects of the development process. 2.2.3 National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) The GoG’s environmental policy was first identified within the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) (1994). The plan presented a 12-point National Environmental Policy reflecting sound principles of environmental management and the ideal of sustainable development. A programme of action over a 3- year period was identified to address priority environmental issues. The second NEAP (2001-2005) is a continuation of NEAP (1994), setting out the “environmental development strategy for Guyana for the next five years” and “a framework for integrating cross-sectoral environmental concerns in the broader context of the country’s economic and social development programme”. The Action Plan outlines a further commitment to sustainable development and a thematic approach to environmental protection. The implementation strategy for NEAP involves the identification of programme areas according to sectors and cross-sectors and tools and actions for implementation. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 5 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 2.2.4 National Land Use Policy (LUP) The National Land Use Policy (LUP) aims to streamline land use planning and to create conditions necessary to achieve types of land uses which are sustainable, socially desirable and environmentally compatible. The LUP and the National Land Use Plan are prepared by the Guyana Lands and Surveys commission (GLSC). The Commission aims to also prepare regional plans for specific Administrative Regions of Guyana. To- date the Commission has prepared two (2) Regional Land Use Plans: (i) Region 6 – East Berbice Regional Land Use Plan; and (ii) Region 9 – Rupununi Sub Region 1. Additionally, Corridor Land Use Plans for the Lethem – Linden and Linden to Soesdyke road corridors have been prepared. 2.2.5 Low Carbon Development Strategy The Government of Guyana in 2009 launched a Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS). The LCDS aims to transform Guyana’s current economy to that of a “low carbon economy” while addressing issues related to climate change through a compensatory scheme by marketing Guyana’s standing forest. The strategy is built on Guyana’s vision to encourage investments/economic development while protecting and maintaining its forest cover. The strategy has three pillars: (i) investment in low carbon economic infrastructure; (ii) investment and employment in low carbon economic sectors; and (ii) investment in communities and human capital. 2.3 Legislation 2.3.1 National Drainage and Irrigation Authority (NDIA) Act The Drainage and Irrigation Act of 2004 provided for the establishment of NDIA. NDIA is the regulatory and co-ordinating agency responsible for the operation, maintenance, control and management of the drainage and irrigation and flood control system and works and harmonising of activities to enhance agricultural production. The Act provides mechanisms for ensuring that existing drainage and irrigation system and flood control and any new expansion that are done, are operated and maintained in a sustainable manner. The Act also allows for public participation in the planning, management and operation of drainage and irrigation facilities through Water Users’ Associations and promotes and encourages the involvement of the private sector in the construction, management, operation and maintenance of drainage and irrigation and flood control systems. The NDIA Act also provides for cost recovery for the sustainable management of primary and secondary elements of drainage and irrigation systems and flood control. Generally, the Act provides for the development of an institutional structure in terms of water resources management strategy and water use planning for the primary purpose of locating, evaluating, conserving and distributing water resources of the country for agricultural purposes. 2.3.2 Environmental Protection Act The Environmental Protection Act of 1996 is the first comprehensive environmental legislation in Guyana. The Act established the EPA. The goal of the Act is to “provide for the management, conservation, protection and improvement of the environment, the prevention and/or control of pollution, the assessment of the impact of economic development on the environment, the sustainable use of natural resources and for matters incidental thereto connected therewith”. The EP Act gives the EPA the mandate for the coordination of environmental management and outlines the legal process for undertaking sustainable and effective management of the natural environment. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 6 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities The EPA administers the EIA process set out in Part IV of the Act. The Act requires that an EIA be conducted prior to authorization of any project, which may significantly affect the environment. The Act also requires measures to be implemented to prevent environmental pollution. Part V Section 19 (1) states that “A person shall not (a) Undertake an activity that causes or is likely to cause pollution of the environment unless the person takes all reasonable and practicable measures to prevent or minimize any resulting adverse effect; (b) Discharge or cause or permit the entry into the environment of any contaminant in any amount, concentration or level in excess of that prescribed by the regulations or stipulated by an environmental authorization.” A nature would require environmental authorization under the EP Act. 2.3.3 Environmental Protection Regulations The Environmental Protection Regulations, made under the Environmental Protection Act, were gazetted in 2000. These regulations govern Water Quality, Noise, Air Quality and Hazardous Waste Management and are aimed at preventing pollution by regulating discharges and emissions. These pollution management regulations will regulate and control the activities of developmental projects such as forestry operations during construction and operation. Under the Noise Management Regulation, persons cannot carry out activities above the established noise limits without prior approval from The EPA. The Water Quality Regulation protects Guyana’s water by controlling discharges of waste matter into any of the coastal and inland waters or land. The Hazardous Waste Management Regulation protects Guyana’s environment from hazardous waste generated including industrial waste, clinical wastes from hospitals, etc. The Air Quality Regulations requires emissions to be below a level so as to not affect the health of plants, animals and humans. 2.3.4 National Environmental Standards The Environmental Protection Regulations requires the EPA to develop limits for various parameters. The EPA has so far, in collaboration with the Guyana National Bureau Standards (GNBS), developed the following standards and which are applicable to this project and should be complied with: Interim Guideline for Industrial Effluent Discharge into the Environment. (Water Quality Standard); and Interim Guideline for Noise Emission into the Environment. (Noise Standard). 2.3.5 Occupational Health and Safety Act This Act deals with the regulation and registration of workplaces and the occupational health and safety of workers. It gives authorisation for occupational health and safety inspectors to enter and inspect workplaces. Under this Act the employer has a responsibility of ensuring workers health and safety is maintained. The Act requires the employer to display publicly an abstract of the Act, and other sections addressing various issues addressed in the Act. Construction workers are required to be trained and be equipped with the necessary personal protective equipment. 2.4 Institutional Framework There are a number of Government Agencies and Institutions that have some oversight regarding the construction of the EDWC northern relief channel. These agencies are discussed below: 2.4.1 National Drainage and Irrigation Authority The NDIA was established by the NDIA Act of 2004. The NDIA has a major role to play regarding the country’s drainage, irrigation and flood control facilities and agricultural production. The NDIA is 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 7 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities responsible for coordinating the operation and maintenance of drainage and irrigation activities including managing, operating and maintaining of drainage and irrigation systems and related access roads and facilities. The NDIA is also responsible for the development of programmes and plans to locate, evaluate, conserve and distribute water resources for agricultural development and for the efficient management, operation, evaluation and monitoring of drainage and irrigation systems. Importantly, the Authority is responsible for the development of procedures, norms, standards including irrigation and environmental as well as operation schedules for the efficient operation and maintenance of the drainage and irrigation systems. 2.4.2 Hydrometeorological Service The Hydrometeorological Service (HYDROMET) is a department under the Ministry of Agriculture. HYDROMET operates the National Meteorological Station Network (NMSN) and the National Hydrological Station Network (NHSN) and evaluates the climate and water resources. HYDROMET collect baseline data and archive information on Guyana's weather and climate and provide meteorological, hydrological and oceanographic services. The agency provides information to those agencies that are planning and designing agricultural and water development projects, and maintaining the sea defences. It also serves as a warning system for the country and supports national and international obligations. 2.4.3 Environmental Protection Agency The EPA was established under the Environmental Protection Act of 1996. The Agency is governed by a Board of Directors, but falls under the direct supervision of the Office of the President. In Sec. 4 (1) (a), of the Act, the EPA is given the mandate to “take such steps as are necessary for the effective management of the natural environment so as to ensure conservation, protection and sustainable use of its natural resources”. In addition the Agency is given the overall responsibility to: Take necessary steps for effective management of the natural environment to ensure conservation, protection and sustainable use of its natural resources; Ensure that any developmental activity, which may cause an adverse effect on the natural environment, is assessed before such activity is commenced; Coordinate and maintain a programme for the conservation of biological diversity and its sustainable use; and Coordinate the establishment of national parks and protected areas system and a wildlife protection management programme. 2.4.4 Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission (GLSC) GLSC has the overall responsibility for land use planning and land administration. The Commission was established under the GLSC Act, Act No. 15 of 1999 in June 2001. The Commission envisions becoming a self-sustaining organization by 2010 with a mission “to effectively and efficiently administer lands for the benefit of our clients and National Development”. The GLSC has three main operational divisions: (i) Land Administration (ii) Land Information and Mapping (iii) Surveys. The General Administrative Divisions, which include support and control, are administered by (i) Office of the Commissioner (ii) Corporate Affairs. The functions of the Commission, as stipulated by the Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission Act, 1999, include the following: To have charge of and act as guardian over all public lands, rivers and creeks of Guyana. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 8 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities To receive and evaluate offers to purchase or let public lands and to issue, for and on behalf of the President, grants, leases and permits to occupy such lands, in accordance with any law regulating the administration and disposition of public lands. To establish and maintain liaison between all the agencies involved in the registration and storage of records relating to public land in any tenure, including the registration of deeds and title to land. To formulate policy on geographic and land information, and set standards in relation to digital data, establish the framework for a national network of geographic information systems, and develop and maintain a parcel-based land information system. To initiate studies into and formulate policy on the development of public lands, including the feasibility of specific land development projects. To establish and maintain liaison with the responsible agencies to promote and monitor, in relation to public lands, the provision and maintenance of drainage and irrigation systems, access roads and other infrastructure, through such measures as may be appropriate. To compile and maintain an inventory of all the land resources of Guyana, their quality degree, pattern of utilization and related matters. To prepare land use plans for Guyana or any part of Guyana, except any municipality which is subject to a planning scheme (or interim development control pending the preparation of a planning scheme) under the Town and Country Planning Act. To advise Government on policy relating to public lands, land surveys and any other matters related to the functions of the Commission. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 9 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 3 Project Description 3.1 Description of Construction Works to be Undertaken 3.1.1 Overview Figure 3.1: Map of EDWC showing Locations of dam and Relief Structures Source: MM 3.1.2 EDWC Dam As discussed in Section 1.4 and in accordance with Terms of Reference we have prioritised the works required for the rehabilitation of the EDWC dam into two categories; 1) the immediate terms works required to mitigate the risk of failure associated with the dams which are considered to be of marginal stability, and 2) the medium terms works required to bring the dams up to international standards of safety against failure. Immediate terms works are required along the entire lengths of the North and North East dams. The East and West dams are not up to international standards and require medium term works, The works to all the dams will follow the same basic cross section and design principle. All will be built using locally won clays and constructed in stages to allow construction layers to consolidate and improve the strength characteristics of the clays. The dams will have shallow side slopes of 1:5 on both upstream 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 10 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities and downstream shoulders. Wherever possible the rehabilitated sections will be constructed offline, in the area immediately downstream of the existing dam. Figure 3.2: Typical Section of Proposed Works to Dam Source: MM 3.1.3 Relief Structures 3.1.3.1 Overview As part of the Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies, one of the main objectives is to improve the safety of the dam, both by improving it’s stability and by improving the structures to provide a safe working platform during operation and maintenance. A comprehensive evaluation of structures was carried out, and followed by a series of workshops and discussions with the EDWC operators to determine how the EDWC relief network is operated and how best the safety of those procedures could be improved. The works required to improve the safety of the EDWC structures is summarised below and detailed in the following sections. 1. Irrigation Offtake Structures – Provision of landings stages and solar lighting at 13No irrigation offtakes. 2. Land of Canaan – Rehabilitation of walkway and installation of safety rails around operating mechanism. 3. Cuhna – Rehabilitation of gang way, stairway and replacement of the wheel system with a ratchet type operating mechanism. 4. Kofi – Re- construction of downstream revetment, increasing height of the existing concrete wing wall construction of walkway, rehabilitation of toilet facility, and provision of electricity. 5. Lama North and South – Revetment works on the upstream side of Lama North will be required to stop piping around the structure. 3.1.3.2 Irrigation Offtake Structures The maintenance and operation of these structures are shared between three agencies; GUYSUCO, the NDCs and the EDWC. Of the twenty six offtakes surveyed, nine are condemned and four are being rehabilitated under the current JICA funded EDWC project. As such thirteen structures have been taken forward for rehabilitation under the Conservancy Adaptation Project. The works required for the rehabilitation of these thirteen structures includes: 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 11 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Servicing of gate opening mechanism Repairing of settlement cracks in structure Re-construction of upstream and downstream timber revetments Removal of bushes and trees from the dam near the structure Cleaning the inlet and outlet channels Installation of solar lighting Installation of safe landing and access platforms. These works have been designed under Subtask 5.3 – Safety Improvements to Existing Water Control Structures of the CAP: Pre-Investment Studies, and as such are outside of the scope of this Environmental Assessment. 3.1.3.3 Land of Canaan Relief Structure The works to be carried out at Land of Canaan Relief Structure were identified during a series of field visits and verified during workshops and discussions with the EDWC operators and NDIA stakeholders. They can be summarised as follows: Replacement of walkway and installation of hand rail around operating area. Repair to mooring ramp. Extension to perimeter fencing on western side. Installation of electrical motors to open gates. Minor renovations to operators house. Figure 3.3: View of Land of Canaan Relief Structure From Upstream Source: CEMCO Replacement of Walkway and Installation of Safety Rails around Operating Area. It is recommended that the current timber walkway be replaced by a steel structure. During the rainy periods the walkway becomes very slippery and is hazard to worker’s safety. Safety rails are also required around the immediate operating area. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 12 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Improved Access to Structure. A small ramp/ bridge will be constructed to safely gain access to the structure. The metal walkway will be extended an additional 2 meters to allow for safe access to the structure. Mooring Area for Small Boats The existing mooring area is in need of general repairs. Additionally it is reported that during low levels in the conservancy it is difficult to access the mooring ramp. The ramp will be rehabilitated and extended an additional 1.5m into the channel at the current slope. Rehabilitation of Radial Gates and Installation of Electrical Motors. Four out of the five radial gates required maintenance works, specifically to be chipped, re-painted and reinforced where necessary. It is also proposed that all the gates be fitted with electrical motors to allow for automatic operation of the structure, the manual operating mechanisms will be kept in place to allow for a secondary method of opening and closing the gates if required. Minor Renovations to Operator’s House Evaluation of the operator’s house from a safety perspective revealed the following: 1. The access stairway is rotted and in need of repairs / replacement. 2. The roof of the structure is leaking heavily and needs to be rehabilitated. These two defects directly impact the operator’s safety; as such they have been included in the scope of works. Extension of Perimeter Fence on Northern Boundary. The perimeter fence on the northern boundary will be extended to secure the compound. The fence is to be constructed with galvanized support poles and chain link fencing with barbed wire. The approximate length of fence required to secure the compound is 40 meters. 3.1.3.4 Cuhna Relief Structure The works to be carried out at Cuhna Relief Structure were identified during a series of field visits and verified during workshops and discussions with the EDWC operators and NDIA stakeholders. They can be summarised as follows: Replacement of timber door. Widening of operating platform. Replacement of stairway. Replacement of operating mechanism with ratchet system. Installation of handrail. Improvements to boat access. Installation of lighting for the structure. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 13 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Figure 3.4: Cuhna Door from Upstream Figure 3.5: Cuhna Operating Platform Source: CEMCO Source: CEMCO Timber Door The timber door shows visible signs of deterioration, and following consultation with the NDIA, the replacement of the door has been proposed. Figure 3.6: Deteriorated Horizontal Beam Figure 3.7: Deteriorated Skin Mooring Area for Small Boats and Improved Access to the Structure The access to the structure will be improved by the construction of a steel stairway rigidly connected to one of the existing soldier piles on the upstream revetment. For improved lighting at the structure, two solar LED street lights have been specified. Improvement of Operating Platform and Stairway. The current operating platform is too narrow and creates a significant risk to workers during operation of the structure, see Figure 3.5. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 14 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities It is proposed to further widen the platform by 1.2m on both side of the gantry. The steel stairs will be fabricated to match the existing stairs, however timber will not be used for the treads instead steel will be used to extend the life of the stairway. 3.1.3.5 Kofi Relief Structure The works to be carried out at Kofi Relief Structure were identified during a series of field visits and verified during workshops and discussions with the EDWC operators and NDIA stakeholders. They can be summarised as follows: Re-construction of the timber revetment on the downstream side. Increasing the height of the existing concrete wing and side walls. Construction of a bridge with rails across the structure. Improvement of the washroom facilities for the workers. Construction of a mooring facility for small boats. Figure 3.8: Failed Downstream Revetment at Kofi Relief Structure Source: CEMCO Timer Revetment The revetment downstream of the structure has suffered failure, probably caused by overtopping which has resulted in substantial erosion of the fill material behind the revetment (active side). Poor construction may also have contributed to the failure as many of the connection bolts were undersized and insufficient. This will be reconstructed. Concrete Bridge A concrete pedestrian access bridge is proposed downstream of the structure. This will comprise a concrete slab 1m wide and 6m long. Extension of Concrete Wing and Barrel Wall It is recommended that the elevation of the concrete wing wall on the downstream side to be increased by 600mm to equal the height of the designed timber revetment. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 15 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Health and Safety Upgrades to Dwelling House for Workers A survey of the dwelling house for the workers was conducted as part of the safety remit of this project. The following recommendations were made to improve the health, safety and welfare of workers during the operation of this structure: Relocation of the latrine away from the downstream canal. Removal of the fire-side kitchen from the upper flat of the dwelling house. This is a serious fire hazard since it’s located very close to the only exit point. We recommend constructing a covered shed on the ground floor and relocating the kitchen. Servicing of the roof is also required; operators indicated that the roof leaks during heavy rains. The walls are also in need of repairs, puttying and 2 coats of oil paint should be applied. It’s evident that during heavy rain fall the walls leak profusely. All 8 windows in the structure need servicing and one has to be replaced. The veranda was left incomplete, considering at times there are at least 8 workers housed in the building, it is proposed to construct a veranda completed to add to the living space. Electricity is also a problem for the workers there, whilst NDIA has provided them with a generator, it’s quite expensive to operate the generator with the current fuel prices. We propose installation of a solar panel with all required fittings, power is only required for lights and charging of cell phones. A solar panel will be more than sufficient for these power requirements. A mooring facility for small crafts is also proposed. Design of Solar System Power requirements: 4 No. 25 watt energy saver bulbs for 6 hours. 3 No 20 watt florescent lights for 6 hours. Charging of 8 cell phones 35 watt for 1 hour. 3.1.3.6 Lama North and South Lama North The evaluation conducted in combination with workshops carried out with the gate operators indicated the following works required on the structure. Remedial works on the up-stream revetment to stop piping around the structure. Re-construction of mooring shed. Remedial works to Up-Stream Revetment to Stop Piping around Structure. The width of the crack above water level is approximately 100mm, the crack seems to have occurred where a construction joint was placed to change the angle of the concrete wing wall. The identical settlement crack is present on both sides of the wing wall, however on the southern wing wall piping is more serious. Conventional methods of crack repair will not be applicable here. It is recommended that a new section of concrete wall be constructed behind the crack. A cofferdam will need to be constructed so that the apron of the structure can be dewatered to investigate if the crack has migrated to the base of the structure. If the apron of the structure has been damaged due to excessive settlement the damaged section will have to be removed and re-constructed. A provisional sum will be included in the BOQ to cater for these works if needed. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 16 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities The existing seepage path on both sides of the structure will have to be carefully excavated and filled back with approved earth fill compacting in 300mm layers. Re-Construction of Mooring Shed. The current mooring shed is a serious state of disrepair. The main support columns are rotted as shown in the photographs below. It is proposed to reconstruct the shed using the same configuration with additional ties as showing in the construction drawings. The timber revetment also needed to be reconstructed. Please see design below The evaluation conducted in combination with workshops carried out with the gate operators indicated the following works required on the structure. Re-construction of Downstream Revetment 3.2 Geographic Location 3.2.1 Description of Coastal Plain With a 430-kilometer Atlantic coastline on the northeast, the coastal plain accounts for 5% of the country’s total land mass and is home to 90% of its inhabitants. The coastal plain is made up largely of alluvial mud swept out to sea by the Amazon River, carried north by ocean currents, and deposited on the Guyanese shores. Rich clay of great fertility, this mud overlays the white sands and clays formed from the erosion of the interior bedrock and carried seaward by the rivers of Guyana. Guyana has no well-defined shoreline or sandy beaches. Approaching the ocean, the land gradually loses elevation until it includes many areas of marsh and swamp. Seaward from the vegetation line is a region of mud flats, shallow brown water, and sandbars. The coastal area is protected by a combination of natural and man-made sea defence structures, mud banks, mangrove forests and sand flats, all of which protects from inundation and flooding. 3.2.2 Physical Characteristics 3.2.2.1 Soils The EDWC is located within the Coastal Plain of Guyana where the soils range from predominantly alluvial deposits over organic material and silts comprising the Demerara Formation to the White Sand plateau at the Cheddi Jagan International Airport (CJIA). There are four main types of soil on the coastal plain (Bernard, 1999): Clays (found near the sea ; known as frontland or marine clays); Silty clays (found along major rivers); Histosols (known as pegasse in Guyana; found along the coast in swampy areas particularly in the Demerara and Essequibo areas ); and, Areas of mixed soils (includes clays, silts, laterites, podsols, histosols, regosols). The soil capability of the soils in the coastal plain is considered to be of good to moderate fertility for agriculture. These soils typically require both drainage and irrigation through an intricate system of drainage and irrigation canals which lead to sluices. Soils in the study area are typically frontland or marine clays near the existing road, and closer to the conservancy histosols (pegasse). 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 17 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Clays are the most fertile soils within the study area and have been exploited for agricultural purposes, principally sugar cane. Soil Profile The ground conditions varies across the site, with the worst conditions typically found at the north-east section of the dam. The ground conditions typically comprises peat (locally known as Pegasse), ‘soft silty clay with organics’, and/or ‘soft silty clay’. The ground material has been classified by inspection of the material descriptions provided in the borehole logs, and using the results of natural density and moisture content tests. North-east Dam Logs from borehole testing indicate that the embankment along this section of the dam comprises soft silty clays with organics, founded on variable thicknesses of peat (locally known as Pegasse), underlain by more very soft silty clay with organics. The thickness of the peat ranged between 1.5m and 4.5m, with an average (mean) thickness of 2.8m. A soil profile has been selected for the north-east dam in which peat is present from the ground surface to a depth of 4.0m. North Dam Logs from borehole testing indicate that the embankment comprises soft to very soft silty clay, founded on very soft silty clay. A higher strength desiccated crust is present at the top of borehole 9, indicated by higher in-situ shear vane test results. East Dam Logs from these boreholes indicate that the embankment comprises soft silty clays with organics, founded on very soft silty clays with organics. A higher strength desiccated crust was present at the top borehole No. 7, indicated by the differences in strata description and the higher in-situ shear vane test results. West Dam Prior to undertaking the recent ground investigation it was identified that the ground conditions are likely to be better at the location of the west dam than at the other dams, reflected in the steeper slope angles achieved for the existing embankment, and the lower number of historic slope failures incurred. However, the level of ground investigation at the west dam has been relatively low comprising only one borehole at the crest of the dam. The borehole log indicates that the embankment comprises soft silty clay underlain by approximately 0.7m of very soft silty clay with organics. This in turn overlies very soft silty clay. 3.2.2.2 Hydrology/Drainage The hydrology of the site is dictated by the EDWC dam. As discussed in Section 1.2, the catchment area of the EDWC is largely taken up by the EDWC itself. Upper catchment areas stretch south up the sloping inclines adjacent to the Linder-Soesdyke Highway. The natural drainage path is towards the south east of the Conservancy, into the Mahaica River via the Lama Creek, however this is now entirely managed by the operation of the EDWC dam and relief structures. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 18 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Figure 3.9: Project Area Showing Catchments Source: MM 3.2.3 Climate Guyana has a tropical climate with almost uniformly high temperatures and humidity, and much rainfall. Seasonal variations in temperature are slight, particularly along the coast. Although the temperature never gets dangerously high, the combination of heat and humidity can at times seem oppressive. The entire area is under the influence of the northeast trade winds, and during the midday and afternoon sea breezes brings relief to the coast. Temperatures in Georgetown are quite constant, with an average high of 32°C and an average low of 24°C in the hottest month (July), and an average range of 29° C to 23°C in February, 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 19 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities the coolest month. The highest temperature ever recorded in the capital was 34° C and the lowest only 20° C. Humidity averages 70 percent year-round. Locations in the interior, away from the moderating influence of the ocean, experience slightly wider variations in daily temperature, and night time readings as low as 12° C have been recorded. Humidity in the interior is also slightly lower, averaging around 60 percent. Rainfall is heaviest in the northwest and lightest in the southeast and interior. Annual averages on the coast near the Venezuelan border are near 250 centimetres, farther east at New Amsterdam 200 centimetres, and 150 centimetres in southern Guyana's Rupununi Savannah. Areas on the northeast sides of mountains that catch the trade winds average as much as 350 centimetres of precipitation annually. Although rain falls throughout the year, about 50 percent of the annual total arrives in the summer rainy season that extends from May to the end of July along the coast and from April through September farther inland. Coastal areas have a second rainy season from November through January. Rain generally falls in heavy afternoon showers or thunderstorms. Overcast days are rare; most days include four to eight hours of sunshine from morning through early afternoon. 3.2.4 Biological 3.2.4.1 General Description The proposed development works will entail the construction of a new embankment and rehabilitation of various structures along the EDWC dam. The stretch of area between Crown Dam and the EDWC is characterised by seasonally flooded swamp savannah vegetation consisting mainly of grasses, i.e. Palms and secondary forest ‘indicator’ vegetation such as, Congo Pump and Black Sage. Faunal diversity at the site is sparse as compared with other areas of the Coast and may be a reflection of high human disturbances within the area. This being said, faunal diversity is comparatively richer in the swampy savannah area and the Mangrove Foreshore area as a result of less human interaction. Commonly observed fauna in the area are butterflies, wasps, beetles and other insect variety, birds such as the kiskadee, dove, yellow plantain, etc. The existing Canal and the swamp savannah is reported to contain fishes such as hassar, houri, patwa, locanani, sunfish, etc. and reptiles and amphibians including caimans, snakes, lizards, etc. The project site including the savannah swamp lands areas are highly disturbed environs with significant amounts of habitat loss/stress already experienced as a result of human interactions/encroachment. As a consequence, the existing biological realm of the area is predominated by species that adapts well to changing environments. It is therefore expected that there will be a rapid recovery of habitats and associated biodiversity owing to species adaptability to the habitat stresses that will ensue from proposed project works. However, this scenario assumes that appropriate mitigation to negate impacts associated with the proposed development will be implemented. 3.2.4.2 Flora The vegetation in the area comprises of secondary ‘disturbed’ vegetation, primarily of common weeds, shrubs, herbaceous plants and trees including domesticated crops. Species found at the site are very common and can be found throughout the Coastal Plain. Species such as the tree types and grasses found along the channel embankments are important for embankment stability and act as a ‘prevention mechanism’ against soil erosion. These species also provide a habitat for many faunal species serving as roosting and breeding sites for birds, insects and other fauna. Biodiversity in the area also support the existing farming community through the provision of pertinent ecosystem services such as pollination, 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 20 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities water catchments, etc. Consequently, it is crucial that proposed works are done in a manner to allow natural re-vegetation of these species or ensure that re-vegetation is done along the embankments and contiguous areas after works. 3.2.4.3 Fauna Fauna observed is typical of areas where human disturbances are frequent. Like the flora, the fauna are very common and can be found throughout the Coastal Plain especially on abandoned and open lands. Even though common within the coastal realm, faunal diversity in the area is sparse primarily due to heavy habitat disturbance. However, faunal diversity is comparatively richer in the mangrove foreshore and savannah swamp habitats. Faunal diversity observed at the site consisted primarily of highly mobile species that adapts easily to changing environments. Most avian species observed were transient, with a home range spanning the project site. The savannah swamp habitat found within the area acts as a breeding ground for many of the species that lives in the very dark water. As outlined earlier, there are no endangered species noted at the site and none of the species identified were listed on the IUCN species listings or restricted by the CITIES listings. Habitat loss will be the major impact on faunal diversity. In its present condition, existing habitats are severely stressed by human activity. As such, it is crucial that habitat destruction is minimized and that proposed works are done in a manner that allows natural regeneration/resuscitation of habitats and/or to ensure that re-vegetation is done along embankments and contiguous area after works are completed. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 21 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 4 Environmental and Social Impacts 4.1 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts This section of the report identifies the potential environmental and social impacts associated with the construction works designed under Task 3: EDWC Dam Safety and Feasibility of the Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies and the feasible mitigation measures and/or preventative actions that can be implemented to address the identified issues. The potential impacts are described based on the bio-physical and socio-economic effects during the construction and operational phases of the project. A Social Impact Assessment was also conducted and is presented in this section. The significance of the impact is based on the degree and duration, high probability of occurrence and its effect on sensitive receptors. Significance is determined by: Magnitude and extent Reversibility Longevity Probability of occurrence The impacts identified in this section are based, mainly, on those that arise during the construction phase of the project. Appendix C contains the Environmental Risk Assessment for the EDWC dam and relief structures construction activities. Table 4.1: Potential Environmental and Social Impacts Conditions Environmental Impact Significance Construction Phase Physical Environment Environmental Aspect: Land/Soil Construction of the project Loss of land through direct land take. Lo, Irr, LT, UM, Un, Sig. components Land clearing Removal of vegetation, where necessary, Lo, Irr, LT, UM, Un, Insig. to construct new embankment and other construction work may cause erosion. Operation of machines Compaction of soil from operation of Lo, Rev, LT, Un, UM, Insig heavy-duty machines to facilitate construction of new embankment. Disposal of materials (sediments Improper disposal of silt and vegetation Lo, Irr, LT, UM, Un, Insig. and vegetation) removed from excavation works. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 22 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Conditions Environmental Impact Significance Construction Phase Storage of fuel and re-fuelling of Fuel and/or oil spill from the operation of Lo, ST, Irr, Av, M, Sig equipment. heavy-duty machines can cause water and soil contamination. Environmental Aspect: Emissions to Water Fuel spills Water contamination from fuel/oil spills. Ex, Irr, LT, Av, M, Sig Erosion and Sedimentation From material stockpiles and excavated Ex, Rev, ST, Av, M, Sig materials resulting in an increase in sediment loading in the EDWC conservancy Waste disposal Improper solid waste disposal by workers Ex, Rev, LT, Av, M, Sig such as food wrappers, boxes etc. Environmental Aspect: Emissions to Air Operation of heavy-duty machines Noise from the operation of machinery and Lo, Rev, ST, Av, M, Insig and equipment construction activities. Operation of heavy duty machines Fumes from the operation of machinery Lo, Rev, ST, Av, M, Insig and equipment used during the construction period. Operation of machines, storage of Dust from construction activities, material Lo, Rev, ST, Av, M, Sig materials and construction activities and waste stockpiles and movement of heavy duty equipment can affect workers and nearby residents. Biological Environment Flora Habitat loss, destruction, fragmentation Lo, Irr, LT, Un, UM, Insig due to land clearing as a result of construction activities. Fauna Habitat loss, destruction, fragmentation Lo, Irr, LT, Un, UM, Insig due to land clearing as a result of construction activities. Socio-economic Environment Environmental Aspect: Risks in the Working Environment Employees’ safety can be Employees at risk from accidents and Lo, ST, A, Irr, M, Insig compromised during the operation excessive noise from the operation of of machines. heavy-duty machines. Relocation/Displacement Farms and residents located within the Lo, Un, ST, Sig, UM, Irr 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 23 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Conditions Environmental Impact Significance Construction Phase wayleave will have to be relocated. Drainage and Irrigation The facilities which provides these Lo, Un, ST, Sig, UM, Rev services will be disrupted Flooding Potential for breaches in EDWC Dam Lo, M, ST, Sig, UM, Rev Employment Overall short-term increase in Ex, Rev, ST, Av, M, Sig employment. (Positive) Operational Phase: Maintenance Activities Periodic de-silting of the canal to Risks of accidents to workers and Lo, ST, A, Irr, M, Insig remove sediments and weeds. exposure to excessive noise from the operation of heavy-duty machines. Fuel spills from the operation of machines Ex, Irr, LT, Av, M, Sig may contaminate water and soil. Vegetative removal to maintain Continuous habitat disturbance. Lo, Irr, LT, Un, UM, Insig embankments. Flooding Breaches along the embankment Lo, M, ST, Sig, UM, Rev Impact Significance Parameters Lo – Localised Ex – Extensive Rev – Reversible Irr. Irreversible ST – Short Term LT – Long Term Av. – Avoidable Un - Unavoidable Sig. – Significant Insig. – Insignificant M. – Mitigable UM – Unmitigable 4.2 Construction Phase – Impacts The main activities associated with the project during the construction phase are described in detail in Section 3.1. Construction activities will directly or indirectly affect the physical and social environment. Potential impacts are listed in the matrix above and highlights the potential/predicted impacts, their associated magnitude, importance and timeframe during the construction phase of the project 4.2.1 Impacts on the Physical Environment 4.2.1.1 Land/Soil Potential Impact Extensive clearing of vegetation is necessary to facilitate rehabilitation/construction of new embankment and other related activities. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 24 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities The environmental impacts that are likely to result from the aforementioned activities are: Loss of land due to direct land take; Clearing of vegetation and soil disturbance to facilitate the excavation works, embankment construction and other structures can cause some level of erosion; Compaction of soil from the constant movement of heavy machinery within the project area and the wider surroundings. Fuel and/or oil spill from the operation of heavy-duty machines can cause soil contamination; Improper disposal of excavated material; and Improper disposal of vegetation from land clearing activities. Analysis Land utilised by the proposed project will be unavailable to other uses, though generally the land within the project area is currently marshland with very little productive use. The area downstream of the East Dam however is occasionally used for cattle grazing during the dry season. On the North East Dam near Flagstaff rice farming extends close to the existing dam, and in this area the rehabilitated dam design has been modified to ensure against any land take in these productive agricultural lands. The project area lies entirely within Government of Guyana owned land. The removal of existing vegetative cover hastens the erosion process by exposing soils to the elements. Soil disturbance can also contribute to erosion. To minimise this effect, and avoid extensive surface run- off, activities should be scheduled to occur during the dry season. Slopes on the embankments would be constructed to the appropriate degree to allow for adequate runoff and prevention of erosion. The constant use and movement of heavy duty machines and equipment over exposed soil can result in soil compaction; this can eventually lead to ponding during periods of heavy rainfall. Compaction also makes regeneration of vegetation difficult. To avoid or minimize this effect, most of the construction activities should be concentrated to the dry season/period. Management and Storage of fuel and lubricants on site can pose a major environmental problem. Leakage from equipment, refuelling and servicing of machines in the field can result in fuel/oil spills. Workers negligence and inadequate storage facilities can contribute to these spills which can contaminate the soil. 4.2.1.2 Water Potential Impact The surface water quality can become contaminated or affected from potential threats as those listed below due to construction activities. Water contamination from sedimentation; Water contamination from fuel/oil spills; Blockage of existing drainage system/outfall structures from erosion and sedimentation; and Improper solid waste disposal by workers such as food wrappers, boxes etc. Analysis Construction works will be undertaken in a sensitive area “the East Demerara Water Conservancy”; this poses a special challenge during construction to ensure a “No Pollution Principle” is maintained. During the construction phase, fuel will be stored on site temporarily and will be moved to other areas as the work progresses, therefore limiting the option of constructing the required “Bunded Area” to store fuel. Improper 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 25 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities storage and handling can result in water contamination. The spilled material can flow or be transported along with runoff into the EDWC and other minor channels. Spilled material can be easily leached into ground water causing contamination. Given the nature of the construction operation it is not envisaged that a large quantity of fuel will be stored on site. Fuel will be transported to the site as needed. All vehicles should be equipped with bund trays to catch any spilled materials. Fuel storage areas on site should also be contained within bund walls that are capable to retain the volume of the fuel stored with an additional 10 % margin. It is recommended that all temporary storage tanks/containers will be elevated to detect any leaks which may occur. Fuel should be stored in sealed containers and should not be filled to capacity; this will reduce the likelihood of spillage during transportation. In addition, care will be taken during the re-fuelling process and when transporting fuel from the storage tanks/trucks to the machines to avoid unnecessary spills and reduce the risk associated with contamination. All fuel storage containers should be regularly inspected for leaks. Regular maintenance of machines and equipment must be carried out to ensure proper functioning as this reduces the potential for oil leaks. A maintenance schedule as well a system to check fuel storage containers should be developed. Materials eroded from the embankment and construction materials and waste debris stockpiles can end up in existing waterways resulting in sedimentation. Materials stockpiles will have to be located away from EDWC water bodies and drains. Designated areas for storage of material should be identified. Waste debris, especially construction waste, should not be stockpiled on site for prolonged periods and should be removed in a timely manner. Any blockage of waterways as a result of sedimentation should be removed immediately. The improper management of solid waste can affect water quality. Solid waste can often end up in water bodies as a result of direct dumping which can lead to contamination and blockage. During the construction phase, care must be taken by all workers to dispose of any solid waste material generated in keeping with the procedures outlined in this EA. 4.2.1.3 Air Potential Impact During the construction phase there are several activities which can affect the air quality in the project area. However, the level of impact will be localised, short-term and insignificant. These impacts are more likely to affect construction workers; the project site is not located in close proximity to any housing development thus eliminating the impact on the larger public. These impacts can be mitigated by utilising best construction practices. The following impacts can potentially arise as a result of the project. Noise from the operation of machinery. Rehabilitation of identified structures. Fumes from the operation of machinery used during the de-silting process, re-routing of the canal, rehabilitation of the sluice and construction of the bridge; and Dust from moving of earth, equipment and stockpiles. Analysis Construction activities will generate significant levels of noise. The operation of heavy duty machines and equipment may generate noise levels above the alert threshold of 86 decibels and hazard threshold of 95 decibels. However, there are no immediate communities in close proximity to the canal that will be affected by the increased noise level. Nevertheless, measures must be in place, as recommended by the EPA, to reduce the noise level from construction activities for workers and other persons on-site and are detailed in 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 26 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Section 6 of this report. Equipment and machinery will be fitted with mufflers to reduce the noise emanating. The operation of the machines and equipment will also generate fumes which may have some effect on the air quality in the surrounding area. However, the level of impact will be localised, short-term and insignificant, to the point of negligible. Dust will be generated from earth movement activities and the movement of equipment over dry areas. Construction material stockpiles such as sand can become airborne and contribute to a dust nuisance. Construction activities such as demolition and removal of existing structures can increase dust nuisance. The use of cement products increase dust levels in the immediate area, transportation of material to site can however impact the wider public. Since the project site is located away from housing development, the potential for dust nuisance is not great. However, measures (mainly wetting the site frequently, covering or soaking stockpiles), would be implemented to reduce this impact. Dry areas will be soaked as necessary, depending on the weather condition. All trucks transporting construction materials to the site would be covered to prevent fugitive dust from escaping into the environment. 4.2.2 Impacts to the Biological Environment 4.2.2.1 Flora Potential Impact The potential impact on the flora in the project is: Direct loss due to removal to facilitate construction. Damage to flora during construction work as a result of machinery working in close proximity. Analysis The project area adjacent to the EDWC is covered predominantly by secondary vegetation and indicates a highly human disturbed area. No rare, threatened or endangered species were found within the area. Vegetation removal is essential to facilitate construction of a new embankment and various other aspects of project and, therefore, unavoidable. The area of immediate influence consists of shrub-like vegetation, aquatic species and tree type vegetation can be found. Most of the vegetation which will be lost is the type which is common within and around the project area and can also be found throughout the coastal area of Guyana. As such this impact is deemed insignificant. 4.2.2.2 Fauna Potential Impact The potential impact on the fauna in the project environment is: Habitat loss, destruction, fragmentation due to land clearing as a result of construction activities. Migration of faunal species due to the presence of humans and machinery. Analysis The faunal diversity in the area is sparse and most species observed during the field exercise were domestic animals. Although a small portion of land area will be taken up by the project and some vegetation will be removed, there is available within the project environment enough land to support these 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 27 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities animals. Therefore, the impact of habitat disruption on the biological environment will be localised and insignificant especially given that this area has been highly disturbed. 4.2.3 Impacts to the Socio-Economic Environment 4.2.3.1 Displacement and Relocation Potential Impact The Project may result in some level of relocation and displacement which are outlined below: Relocation of farming activities Analysis The proposed dam alignment has been chosen such as to avoid any impact on arable farming. On the East dam there may be some small loss of grazing land, however as this will only affect a small percentage of the large and very sparsely grazed area available it is not considered significant. 4.2.3.2 Irrigation Potential Impact The construction may temporarily affect irrigation channels result in some level of disruption. Analysis Work will be programmed so as not to disturb irrigation supply during critical periods during the crop cycle. Where disruption to irrigation supply is unavaoidable, supplementary supply will be diverted to feed irrigation canals. 4.2.3.3 Drainage Potential Impact Disruption to drainage regime of the EDWC. Analysis Work to the relief structures will be programmed so as to avoid disruption to the drainage regime of the EDWC. Any works which affect the operability of the relief structures will be programmed to take place during the dry season, and at no time will more than one relief structure be rendered inoperable. 4.2.3.4 Flooding Potential Impact Construction of the structures and reconstruction of the EDWC Dam could contribute to the risk of flooding from the EDWC. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 28 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Analysis As discussed in Section 4.2.3.2 above, works to the relief structures will be scheduled for the dry season and a maximum of one relief structure at a time will be rendered inoperable, to minimise impacts on the relief capacity of the EDWC. The existing dam will remain intact until works on the new dam are complete. 4.2.3.5 Employment Potential Impact Construction activities will have a positive impact on employment within the wider area. Analysis Construction will be done utilising contractors for different aspect of the project. Construction activities will require the employment of skilled and unskilled labour. This provides an opportunity for local individuals to be employed and thus results in an increase income for those persons. 4.3 Potential Impacts during the Operational Phase 4.3.1 Maintenance Activities Potential Impact The key activities during this phase are those associated with continuous maintenance of the structures that will be rehabilitated and proposed channel maintenance of the embankment. The potential impacts associated with these activities are: Risks of accidents to workers and exposure to excessive noise from the operation of heavy-duty machines; Fuel spills from the operation of machines may contaminate water and soil; and Continuous habitat disturbance. Analysis Maintenance of the proposed drainage system will entail activities designed to keep the channel clear and the structures in good working conditions. These include manual and mechanical vegetation management and removal, mechanical desilting of channels and especially outfalls, greasing of pulleys, winches and cables for the sluice, and normal preventive maintenance. Although these activities have low environmental impacts, they have the potential for localised negative impacts if good practices are not followed, in particular proper disposal of used oils, careful re-fuelling practices, as well as, health and safety issues such as risks of accidents to works and exposure to excessive noise from the operation of machinery and equipment. Impacts to the surrounding biological environment are also localised and insignificant given that the area is under direct human influence. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 29 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 4.3.2 Flooding Potential Impact Flow of water through the proposed channel can result in breaches of the embankment resulting in flooding. Analysis During the raining season, when discharge is expected to be at the maximum, the water level in the EDWC channel would be high this level of water can result in breaches. This can cause flooding to nearby areas, including farmlands and residences. In order to prevent this occurrence, maintenance activities will also be conducted as necessary. Maintenance would include: Routine inspection to dams and structures Routine cleaning of channels Routine cleaning of embankments Raising low spots on the embankments Maintenance of structures Repairs to slips 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 30 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 5 Environmental Management Plan and Mitigation Measures 5.1 Introduction The Contractor will be asked to submit an Environmental Management Plan for approval by the Client at the outset of the project. The minimum requirements for organisational, reporting and mitigation procedures which should be detailed in this plan are given in the sections below. This EMP should establish the framework within which the Contractor will manage the construction activities to minimise adverse environmental and social impacts. The Plan will describe the way in which the main environmental impacts of the project can be managed, and prescribes appropriate mitigation measures to be adopted during the rehabilitation and construction activities as well as the operational life of the project. These impacts were identified and discussed in Section 4 of this document and their significance has been taken as a function of the following criteria: Magnitude and extent. Reversibility. Longevity. Probability of occurrence. The objectives of the EMP will be to: Set out measures and strategies to address the environmental issues related to the rehabilitation and construction as well as operational activities of the project. Formulate a monitoring plan to ensure that the activities are executed in accordance with these environmental requirements and to establish the impacts of the project with a view to implementing any necessary further action to minimise negative impacts. This EMP will consist of the following: Environmental Impact Assessment Mitigation Plan Monitoring Plan Emergency Response Plan Since both the rehabilitation and construction activities will be undertaken simultaneously the mitigation measures for potential impacts are discussed together. 5.2 Environmental Management Organisation To accomplish a successful environmental management program the Contractor, the client and the EPA must establish an effective organisation and reporting procedure. This will be formalised in the EMP. As a minimum, it is essential that: 1. During the pre-construction meeting, the environmental management measures will be discussed with the successful Contractor. This meeting will include representatives from the Ministry of Agriculture, NDIA, engineering and environmental sections and the Contractor, as well as the proposed Environmental Monitor. In addition, the Environmental Protection Agency should be invited to attend. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 31 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 2. All necessary permits, licences and approvals will be obtained and copies will be on site prior to the start of construction. Furthermore, all work will be undertaken in a manner consistent with the conditions of all permits, licences and approvals. 3. The environmental management measures highlighted in below should be included in the Contractor EMP and form the framework for the contract/bidding documents so as to ensure that the EMP is implemented by the Contractor. 4. The Contractor shall, at the outset of construction, prepare a waste management strategy providing a plan of action for the reuse, recycling and disposal of all types of waste material generated during construction as well as during the post-construction period (demolition of construction related facilities). The objective of the strategy will be to minimise disposal through maximisation of reuse and recycling opportunities. 5. The Contractor shall, at the outset of construction, prepare an emergency response plan which will encompass the objective and direction provided in the spill contingency plan, this plan shall comprise procedure for notification and reporting of spills, establishment of an emergency response team. 5.3 Impact Mitigation 5.3.1 General In the following sections we have identified mitigation measures which we consider to form the minimum standard of what should appear in the Contractors EMP. These mitigation measures were identified to prevent, minimise and manage the adverse environmental impacts discussed in Section 4. These measures are outlined below. The Contractor shall: dispose of sewage, refuse and chemical wastes in a manner approved by all authorities with jurisdiction; conduct all operations in such a manner that there are no unauthorised discharges of any sort (liquid or solid) into waterways; undertake work in compliance with the plans approved by NDIA/EPA, and shall not undertake work not on the approved plans; ensure that habitat areas that are not within the work site are protected from disturbance; ensure that appropriate spill kits are available; when night work is authorised by the Consulting Engineer, the Contractor shall provide adequate lighting where work is being executed at night and shall provide and install any additional lighting as required by the Consultant in order to gain access or to supervise the works and carry out testing or examination of material; the Contractor shall ensure that access is provided to all properties adjacent to the site for the duration of the contract; and the Contractor shall acquaint himself with the position of all existing services such as sewers, surface water drains, cables for electricity and telephone and lighting poles, water mains and the likes before commencing excavation or other work likely to affect the utilities. 5.3.2 Erosion and Compaction The following measures should be implemented to reduce the impact of erosion and sedimentation activities: Minimise removal of vegetation to areas where it is absolutely necessary. Encourage natural re-vegetation in areas where possible to prevent soil exposure. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 32 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Monitor areas of exposed soil during periods of heavy rainfall. Slopes should be constructed at the recommended angle to prevent collapse. Use appropriate machines for all earth works. Designate routes for heavy duty equipment to prevent compaction of soil. If ponding is observed due to compaction, it may be necessary to scarify the topsoil. Consider the weather pattern before initiating major earthworks. Earthworks should be avoided during periods of heavy rainfall. The area around the inlet and outlet of the culvert under the bridge will have to be stabilised as soon as possible to minimise erosion around the culvert. Construction activities on the EDWC embankment should be done in a manner as to not affect the integrity of this structure. Cofferdams and other appropriate measures should be used to prevent water from entering working areas so as to prevent breaches from occurring. During operation, routine maintenance activities will be conducted as necessary. Maintenance requirements are detailed in the CAP: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Operations Manual, and shall include: Routine inspection to dams and structures Routine cleaning of channels Routine cleaning of embankments Raising low spots on the embankments Maintenance of structures Repairs to slips 5.3.3 Fisheries and Watercourses In order to protect fish, fish habitat, water courses and the quality of water used for domestic and irrigation purposes, the following should be implemented. The Contractor shall: minimise and contain suspended sediment within the immediate zone of construction; undertake appropriate containment measures during concrete pours to ensure that uncured concrete or concrete leachate does not enter any watercourse or drainage; ensure that water intakes or drainage channels for domestic and irrigation purposes are protected from damage at all times; avoid disruption of sluices and impact to hydraulics, drainage shall be controlled and monitored during construction to maintain proper water levels through adequate structural support systems. Waterbodies should be free of obstruction and normal flow of water maintained; all waste storage stockpiles or stockpiled material shall not be placed within 10m of any watercourse and shall have a toe berm construction around; and significant volumes of dewatering effluent (greater than 3 litres/second) shall be discharged into a “filter bag” that’s designed to retain or filter sediment while gradually releasing water. 5.3.4 Dewatering The discharge of dewatering effluent can result in scouring and erosion at point of discharge as well as sediment loading to watercourses and drains. The Contractor shall keep the whole works free from water and provide all dams, cofferdams, pumping, piling and temporary drains necessary for this purpose. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 33 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Significant volumes of dewatering effluent greater than 50 gallons per minute shall be discharged into a filter bag that is a geotextile bag to retain or filter out sediments. 5.3.5 Noise As identified in the impact section, noise will be a significant environmental impact that requires mitigation. The EPA, in collaboration with GNBS, has developed Guidelines for Noise Emission into the Environment. The Standard specifies noise limits for construction activities both for daytime and during the night. The daytime limit (06:00hr – 18:00hr) is 86dB while the limit in the night is 75dB. Given the proximity of residents to the activities locations noise is not anticipated to be a significant problem. However, to comply with the National Standard and reduce this impact the following are measures should be implemented: Provide hearing protection to workers exposed to high noise levels such as those involved in demolition. Provide earplugs for employees who operate heavy duty machines. Employees working in high noise levels areas should be mandated to wear earmuffs or earplugs as required. Ensure that machinery and equipment are working efficiently and have installed the required muffler devices. 5.3.6 Dust Dust, though localised, is a potential impact that would require some level of mitigation as outlined in Section 4. The following measures should be implemented to reduce the impact of dust on the environment: Personnel working in dusty environments should be required to use respirators. During dry periods it may be necessary to soak routes traversed by vehicles and equipment. Dry areas should be soaked as necessary, depending on the weather condition. Materials should be transported to site as needed thus resulting in small stockpiles. All trucks transporting construction materials should be covered. If necessary, the stockpile would also be soaked with water periodically. The burning of construction waste and cleared vegetation should be prohibited to avoid smoke nuisance. 5.3.7 Fuel, Lubricants and Chemicals Fuel and lubricants are classified as hazardous materials and require special consideration in terms of transportation, storage and handling. The following measures should be implemented to ensure the risks of contamination of soil or water from spillages are minimised: Since the construction activities would be temporary and fuel storage will be moved as activities progress, it would not be feasible to construct proper facility for fuel storage. As such, it is recommended that fuel be transported to the site as needed or in small quantities. Fuel which will require storage should be sited a safe distance from waterways, site offices and work areas and should be elevated to detect any leaks. Care should be taken to prevent spillage and leakage of fuel during off loading and refuelling. When refuelling is completed, all nozzles, hoses and other materials should be stored in a proper manner to avoid spills. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 34 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Drip pans can be placed under the fuel/vehicle coupling when vehicle tanks are being filled. This should prevent the possible contamination from leakage of fuel. Regular maintenance of machinery should be done to avoid leakages. Spill kits should be made available in the event of spillages. Workers, mechanics and other staff should be trained on the proper use of these kits. Adequate signage should be installed in fuel storage areas such as No Smoking and Flammable Materials. Fuel storage tanks/containers should be monitored for leaks. Fire containment measures such as extinguishers or sand buckets should be place in fuel storage/re- fuelling areas. The on-site fuelling area should be deemed a ‘no smoking’ zone and all staff required to turn off cell phones when in that general vicinity. 5.3.8 Waste Management Several types of waste can be generated from the various activities that would require different methods of disposal. Domestic and construction waste will be disposed of at the Lusignan Dumpsite. 5.3.9 Grading and Topsoil Protection Excavated material not to be reused shall be stored at temporary sites Excess materials shall be placed in piles from which it may be replaced into its original position. Stockpiles shall not be placed within 10 m of any water body. Topsoil and subsoil shall be stripped and stockpiled separately to avoid mixing. In areas where soils are not to be removed, the grassed vegetative layer shall be maintained, where possible, to protect soils from compaction and erosion Topsoil shall be spread to a uniform depth of 5cm on designated areas. Areas where topsoil is to be placed shall be fine graded to a uniform surface. It shall be free of all vegetation and other debris, and free of stones, which would not be covered by the depth of topsoil of 5cm. Where excess topsoil is generated, that is not required for restoration of the construction area, this excess topsoil should be donated to the Local Government Authorities, as represented by the Neighbourhood Democratic Council for their use and distribution to local landowners. 5.4 Specific Management Plans The Contractor’s EMP shall include the following Specific Management Plans which have been drafted below. 5.4.1 Erosion and Sediment Control Plan 5.4.1.1 Purpose and Scope This Plan describes environmental protection measures to prevent erosion and sedimentation. Protection measures to control sediment and runoff and specific sediment and drainage control plans for all areas of disturbance are contained herein. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 35 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 5.4.1.2 Sediment Control and Water Quality Works will be planned, scheduled and performed in such a manner that the quality of water flowing from the site is at all times acceptable. Conditions will be maintained to protect the aquatic environment of watercourses not only during construction, but also during periods of suspended construction activity. Permanent and temporary soil erosion control features will be constructed at the earliest practicable time, and will be inspected daily during adverse weather conditions or when construction operations are proceeding in Environmentally Sensitive Areas. Control measures will be capable of continuous operation during working and non-working hours, and are subject to approval by the Supervisors’ Representative. During periods of inclement weather, operations will cease, or construction methods will be modified or re- located to an alternative site within the project area to avoid siltation of watercourses. The Environmental Officer/Monitor will conduct regular water quality monitoring for changes in turbidity as a result of construction as part of the quality assurance program. The installation of culverts will be conducted in the dry whenever possible to reduce the risk of sedimentation to local watercourses. During preparation of stream diversions, culvert installations and other dewatering where drainage could readily reach a watercourse, all effluent and silt-laden water will be discharged to a sediment control pond, or alternate sediment control method for removal of sediment prior to its release into that watercourse. This requirement also applies to the control of discharge resulting from curing areas of recent concrete pours for bridges or drainage structure headwalls. The direct discharge via seepage of untreated, silt-laden water or other deleterious substance into any watercourse is prohibited. During construction it is often impossible to protect all newly exposed soils from erosion; therefore it is important to also apply sediment control measures at the same time as the erosion controls. Sediment control typically focuses on managing water run-off from erosion prone areas. Water carrying sediment must be directed away from entering waters that provide domestic and irrigation needs and contain aquatic organisms or the water must be treated before it is released into such waters. Steps to control sediment include: Control and collect runoff from erosion prone areas Minimise runoff velocities and erosive energy; Maximise the length of flow paths for precipitation or surface runoff to minimize energy of flow or employ structures such as check dams and ditch blocks. Discharge sediment-laden waters to re-vegetated areas where sediment can be filtered out before the water reaches any watercourses. Retain sediments on site with sediment control structures. Use correctly installed silt fences and other barriers; Provide bed-load clean-outs at culverts and ditches; Construct sediment traps in areas where ditch water must be intercepted to ensure sediment is not transported into watercourses; Construct sediment traps of sufficient size to handle the anticipated runoff. Regularly monitor erosion and sediment control measures to ensure that they are working effectively; Additional checks are required after rain events; Maintenance of sediment control devices includes the removal of accumulated sediments to maintain collection capacity; 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 36 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Have extra geo-textile (silt fencing), and /or gravel on hand to repair or install new sediment control structures as required. 5.4.1.3 Erosion Control Once land clearing and construction have begun, erosion control is the first step in effective management of sediment. While erosion is a natural process that shapes the landscape, construction can accelerate the process and cause significant volumes of material to be transported and potentially adversely impact aquatic resources. Therefore, sites at risk of shallow slope movement will be identified and appropriate control measures applied to minimize the potential of slope movement. Effective and proactive erosion control is more effective than sediment interception and trapping. The following steps to effectively control erosion shall be adhered to: Schedule construction activities at sensitive sites for times when the risk is minimal. Inlet and outlets of drainage culverts will be stabilized as per construction drawings as soon as the culvert is installed to minimise erosion around the culvert. Where possible construction activities in areas of high erosion potential will be planned for the driest season of the year. Equipment movement in erosion prone areas during periods of heavy precipitation will be restricted. Retain as much existing vegetation as possible. Construction drawings will identify areas of clearing and grubbing and designed to minimise the loss of vegetation; Clearing of vegetation will be minimised at equipment storage and marshalling areas and at borrow and other material storage areas avoid exposing sensitive soils; The RoW clearing and grubbing boundaries will be flagged to ensure areas are not unnecessarily cleared. Re-vegetate/protect cleared areas and bare soils Protect temporary fills, stockpiles or exposed soils adjacent to drains, streams and canals with slope blankets or covers. Plastic sheeting, geotextiles and other manufactured products can be used as covers. Angular rocks may be suitable in protecting sensitive soils. All stockpile shall have a toe berm and should not be located within 10m of the watercourse. Use mulches and other organic stabilizers to minimise erosion until re-vegetation can be re-established Divert runoff away from cleared areas Minimise the flow of water onto cleared areas; Isolate cleared areas; Retain natural drainage patterns wherever possible; Establish permanent erosion control as soon as possible The most important aspect of erosion control is to apply permanent stabilisation and re-vegetation as soon as possible. As soon as areas are graded to final slope lines and levels, and construction traffic no longer needs to access an area, permanent erosion control measures will be put in place. 5.4.2 Waste Management Plan 5.4.2.1 Purpose and Scope This plan will ensure that waste generated during construction is handled in a way that protects the environment and complies with applicable regulations. The following are some of the materials that can be expected to generate during construction: 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 37 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Vegetation strippings Concrete forms Dimension lumber Packing materials Containers for various construction materials (e.g. asphalt, concrete and steel) Pallets Plastics Waste oil, filters, lubricants and hydraulic fluids Concrete Food Sewage The plan addresses open burning, refuse disposal, recycling, reuse, sewage disposal, and camp (yard) waste disposal practices. 5.4.2.2 Waste Management Practices All organic and inorganic materials will be placed and/or disposed of so as not to directly or indirectly impact any watercourse or groundwater. The placement and disposal of all such products and materials will be done in an environmentally acceptable manner. Suitable landfill sites should be identified and approved by the N.D.C for disposing of construction waste. Any waste material that is inadvertently disposed in or adjacent to watercourses or other designated environmentally sensitive areas will be removed immediately in a manner that minimises adverse impacts, and the original drainage pattern will be restored. All wastes which are not designated, as combustible waste to be burned on-site, will be recycled, disposed of in an approved landfill, or shipped to an approved disposal facility. Construction debris will not be allowed to accumulate on the construction site but will be collected promptly and regularly removed from the site. Waste materials will be placed and stored in suitable containers. Storage areas and containers will be maintained in a sanitary condition and covered to prevent spreading of wastes by water, wind or animals. Solids, sludges and other pollutants generated as a result of construction or removed during the course of treatment or control of wastewaters will be disposed of in a manner that prevents their direct or indirect discharge to any watercourse or ground waters. 5.4.2.3 Open burning Open burning of wood debris generated by land clearing will be conducted in accordance with the Standard and Special Specifications. Open burning must be planned so that it does not adversely affect local residents during their daily lives. Burning methods will be employed that will prevent heat or smoke damage to all vegetation that has been designated for preservation. The use of waste oil and/or tires as fire accelerators is not permitted. Burning pits will not be located within 50 m of any watercourse, wetland or other Environmentally Sensitive Area, or in areas where ditches are to be constructed. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 38 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities In situations where the material generated as a result of clearing and/or grubbing may not be burned on- site, the disposal method must be approved by the Supervisor’s Representative or the Environmental Officer/ Monitor. 5.4.2.4 Strippings All waste and surplus material will be disposed in designated and approved areas. Not less than fifteen days prior to disposing of any waste or surplus material, the Environmental Officer/Monitor will be provided the locations, nature of the material being disposed, and stabilization technique. Excavated material will be properly drained, spread and trimmed to a stable slope not exceeding 1.5 to 1, in a manner which minimises disturbance of watercourses and vegetated areas. All waste sites will be re- vegetated immediately after creation of the waste disposal site, or else suitable temporary erosion control measures, such as tarps or plastic will be used until re-vegetation is undertaken. 5.4.2.5 Waste Oils and Special Wastes Waste oils, special wastes, and refuse generated during the servicing of equipment (e.g., air and oil filters, hydraulic fluids, petroleum products) will be stored, transported and disposed of in accordance with regulations and the contract Specifications, and will not be disposed of by dilution, burial or incineration. Where possible, waste oil, lubricants and other waste materials generated during the servicing of equipment and machinery will be recycled. The dumping of oil or other deleterious materials on the ground or in a watercourse is strictly prohibited. Refuse generated during the servicing of equipment will be removed from the site and disposed of in an approved facility. 5.4.2.6 Concrete Wastes Fresh concrete or cement will be isolated from any designated watercourse for 48 hours after placement. Containers or trucks carrying cement or fresh concrete will be washed at a site approved by the Supervisor’s Representative. Concrete waste, including wastewaters from batching or cleaning, will only be disposed of at approved and designated disposal sites. All cement-contaminated wastewater from cleaning or mixing is to be considered toxic, and must be prevented from entering any watercourse for at least 48 hours to allow the water to reach neutral pH. 5.4.2.7 Food Waste All food wastes will be collected and stored in containers and either incinerated daily or regularly transported to the nearest operating landfill. 5.4.3 Fuel and Lubricants Management (Spill Contingency and Response Plan) 5.4.3.1 Purpose and Scope This document describes spill contingency measures and response plan for this Project. The plan is designed to reduce impacts to the environment in the event of a spill through ensuring materials are available and established procedures are followed. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 39 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities The purpose of the spill contingency plan is to provide a course of action, which will be implemented to allow a prompt and orderly response to spills that may occur during construction. A spill of any liquid, solid or gaseous substance, which could impair the usefulness of the land, water or air where it is released will be responded to by the procedures outlined in the contingency plan. The main objectives of the Spill Contingency Plan are: To reduce the risk of harmful exposure to individuals and the surrounding environment; To clearly outline the action to take if a spill will occur; and, To ensure that project staff is aware of the correct response required. “Spill” consists of unauthorised release or discharge into the environment of a substance in an amount equal to or greater than the specified amount, or the uncontrolled release of any deleterious substance to the environment. All spills will require immediate action as necessary, with priorities for: Protecting lives and preventing injuries; Protecting the environment; and, Protecting property. This plan is intended to provide guidance in the event of a spill. The areas of responsibility of the various personnel who will be directly involved are outlined to provide clear direction of what each person will be doing at the time of an emergency. The Environmental Officer/ Monitor in consultation with the Supervising Consultant will review this plan regularly. The review date will be recorded and kept on file. 5.4.3.2 Reporting of Spills All spills major or minor must be reported. Workers are to report all spills to their supervisor or Environmental Officer/Monitor who will in turn report to the Supervising Consultant. 5.4.3.3 Minor Spills Minor spills are those that can be easily and safely handled by those people in the area, and generally by the person(s) initiating the spill. These spills are generally within confined areas, are small in nature, have minimal health and safety risks, and have no chance of migrating into the environment. 5.4.3.4 Major Spills These would be spills of greater potential than minor spills and have potential health and safety risks. When in doubt, treat the spill as major. The Supervising Consultant must be contacted with the following information: The person’s name and telephone number; The name and telephone number of the person who caused the spill; The location and time of the spill; The type and quantity of the substance spilled; The cause and effect of the spill; Details of action taken or proposed to stop, contain and minimize the effects of the spill; A description of the spill location and of the area surrounding the spill; Details of further action contemplated or required. 5.4.3.5 Spill Response Equipment Spill response equipment will be provided and located in a designated spill response storage facility. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 40 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Any operations adjacent to a watercourse will have a spill kit present. Any used spill abatement and clean- up materials will be promptly replaced. 5.4.3.6 Appropriate Spill Response Measures Solid Material Spill in a Dry Area Clean up and recover material with protective gear. Detoxify the area. Store/transport recovered material and review the mode of disposal. Liquid Material Spill in a Dry Area Contain spill using earthen berms. Clean up and recover material with protective gear. Material recovery may utilize pumps or absorbents as appropriate for type of spill. Detoxify area. Store/transport recovered material and review the mode of disposal. Solid Material Spill in an Area Wet from Rain Cover material with plastic. Isolate any drainage from the spill area, if possible, using earthen berms. Notify downstream users if appropriate. Clean up and recover material using protective gear. Store/transport recovered material and review the mode of disposal. Liquid Material Spill in an Area Wet from Rain Contain the spill using earth berms. Isolate drainage, if possible, using earth berms Notify downstream water users, if appropriate. Clean up and recover material using protective gear. Material recovery may utilize pumps or absorbents as appropriate for the type of spill. Detoxify the area. Store/transport recovered material and review the mode of disposal. Solid or Liquid spill in a Drainage Ditch Contain the spill by placing an earth berm across the ditch as far downstream of the spill as possible; Isolate drainage, if possible using berm. Store/transport recovered material and review the mode of disposal 5.4.3.7 Spills of Specific Materials on Construction Projects The following response actions are outlined for specific spills that, however unlikely, could occur during road construction. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 41 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Petrol/Gasoline Petrol/gasoline may be stored on-site for use in light vehicles. A list of the hazards associated with petrol/gasoline, spill response, fire response and recovery methods are listed below. Varsol spills will be treated as petrol/gasoline spills. Petrol/gasoline is: Highly flammable; Explosive when in a vapour form; Easily ignited by flame or spark; lighter than water (floats on water); Toxic to humans by ingestion and by aspiration; and Toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms The initial response to petrol/gasoline spill will be: Stop the flow at the source if possible; Eliminate all possible sources of ignition (e.g., extinguish cigarettes, shut off motors); Evacuate danger area Carefully consider the hazards and merits of trying to contain the spill. Contain only if it is safe to do so and obvious benefit of containment is apparent (e.g., contain if flowing towards a water course). Otherwise leave gasoline to spread and evaporate. Notify the Environmental Officer/Monitor/ or the Supervisor’s Representative. In the event of a fire, the response will be: Use CO2, dry chemical, foam or water spray (fog); Use jet streams to wash away burning gasoline; Divert the gasoline to an open area and let it burn off under control; Use water to cool tank surfaces; Be aware of re-ignition if the fire is put out before all the gasoline is consumed. Petrol/gasoline can be recovered in the following manner: Unburned gasoline can be soaked up by sand and peat moss or by commercial sorbents; If necessary, contaminated soil will be excavated; Gasoline entering the ground can be recovered by digging sumps or trenches and pumping from below the water table Petrol/ gasoline can be disposed of in the following manner: Evaporation or incineration under controlled circumstances. Other Fuels and Petroleum Products Fuel and petroleum products spills will be contained using local earth materials and/or sandbags. Spill clean up equipment specifically designed for petroleum products are to be located at camp (will one be established) and in the Maintenance Shop. Spills or leaks of all light and medium oils, including fuel oil at storage facilities, will be responded to by the following these steps: Identify the source of the leak or spill; 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 42 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Stop flow if possible Eliminate open flame ignition processes Contain the spill Notify the Supervising Consultant Initiate Spill Response Plan In the event of a tank rupture, the containment berm is designed to contain the full capacity of the tank. This will allow the oil to be contained and pumped out of the area into salvage tanks. Contaminated soil from the site will be excavated and transported to a treatment facility or treated onsite by air sparging. Spilled diesel fuel can be recovered by commercial sorbents or by sand, straw or peat moss. If necessary, contaminated soil will be excavated. Digging sumps or trenches and pumping from below the water table can recover Diesel fuel saturated soil. Fuel spills on land will be responded to by the following procedures: Construct a earth berm down slope of the running or seeping fluid; Plastic tarps may be placed at the base of the berm to allow the fuel to pool on the plastic for easy capture with absorbent pads; Pads may be squeezed into empty drums and re-used; Larger pools can be pumped back into drums; Special care will be taken to prevent the fuel from entering a body of water where it will; have greater negative impact; Contaminated soil and vegetation may have to be removed and disposed of. Fire response methods for diesel fuel include: CO2, dry chemical, foam, or water spray; Water to cool tank surfaces; Diversion of the diesel to an open area and let it burn off under control; Awareness of re-ignition if the fire is put before all the diesel fuel is consumed. Fuel spills on water must be contained immediately to restrict the extent of the floating fuel. The methods, which may be used to contain fuel oil, include: Booms deployed to contain the spill area; Absorbent pads used to capture small spills on water; A skimmer to recover oil contained by the boom and then pump the recovered fuel into empty fuel drums; and Culverts (CMP’s or plastic) to permit water flow while capturing and collecting fuel. The culvert can be surrounded with absorbent material to capture any fuel on the water surface. Concrete and/or Concrete Wastewater During any concrete pour within 15 metres of, or in work areas below, the high water level of any watercourse, carbon dioxide cylinders will be ready for use in the event of concrete or concrete-leachate discharges into the watercourse. The carbon dioxide will be used to neutralise any concrete leachate that is inadvertently discharged into the watercourse. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 43 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Acid Spills Spills of acid will be contained using sandbags and neutralization can be accomplished using either soda ash or lime. Both the sandbags and lime will be stored at the maintenance yard. Following neutralisation, the area must be carefully flushed with water. Note: Prior to using water in any cleanup, consult the guidelines for the specific chemical, as appropriate use of water may be severely hazardous. Any water used for flushing a spill will be contained, recovered and disposed of in an approved manner. 5.5 Closure Plan Upon completion of construction, the Contractor shall demolish wholly or in part, remove and dispose of all buildings, structures, pipe culverts, fences, barriers and other obstruction that is not to remain on site to an approved landfill site. The Contractor shall arrange for disconnecting water supply and electricity supply. He shall remove all temporary drains, backfill trenches, fill in any pits created. The site and all staging area shall be restored as far as practicable to its original state and be left in a neat and tidy condition. The Contractor is responsible for producing a waste management plan of which the dismantling of construction site will have to be outlined in terms of disposal of materials. 5.6 Community Relations There are very few inhabitants close to the project site, however those farmers whose lands border the project area shall be kept informed of ongoing activities at all times, and consulted about any works which would impact their land or access to services, including irrigation supply. Any adverse impact to their land or irrigation supply will be mitigated as described in the sections above. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 44 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 6 Reporting and Monitoring 6.1 Roles and Responsibilities 6.1.1 Environmental Officer/Monitor The Environmental Officer/Monitor should be accountable to the Supervisor’s Representative and to proactively advise the Contractors Representative on environmental protection measures during construction. Duties include: 1. Environmental monitoring and assessments 2. Acting as a resource and provide guidance to the Contractor on environmental issues, proactive mitigation measures and innovative technology 3. Communicating with Environmental agencies as required 4. Participating in weekly onsite project meetings 5. Reporting recommendations and weekly summaries to the Supervisor’s Representative 6. Assisting with an assessment for all non-compliance events 7. Assessing preventative plans for re-occurrence of adverse events, and follow-up on recommendations 8. Conducting preliminary assessments of proposed design changes to evaluate potential changes to environmental design components and preliminary impact (positive or negative) overview 9. Immediate reporting of non-compliance events to the Supervisor’s Representative 10. Producing stop work orders. 6.1.2 Supervisor’s (NDIA) Representative The Supervisor’s Representative is accountable to the Contracting Authority. Specific duties of the Supervisor’s Representative pertaining to environmental protection include: 1. Meeting weekly with the Environmental officer/Monitor to review past environmental recommendations and project schedule 2. Providing schedules to address assessment recommendations and outstanding works 3. Ensuring environmental issues are dealt with in a timely manner and producing a plan to prevent reoccurrence 4. Ensuring non-compliance events are immediately brought into compliance 5. Reporting non-compliance events to the Environmental Officer/Monitor 6. Discussing potential design changes or changes to the EMP with the Environmental Officer/Monitor prior to undertaking the change 7. Producing stop work orders, as required. 6.1.3 Contractor Representative The Contractor Representative is accountable to the Contracting Authority. Specific duties of thee Contractor representative pertaining to environmental protection include: 1. Meeting weekly with the Environmental Officer/monitor to review past environmental issues, assessment recommendations, and project schedule 2. Providing schedules to address assessment recommendations and outstanding works 3. Ensuring construction is coordinated according to the environmental concerns 4. Requesting advice on environmental interests from the Environmental Officer/Monitor 5. Ensuring environmental issues are dealt with in a timely manner and producing a plan to prevent reoccurrence 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 45 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 6. Ensuring non-compliance events are immediately brought into compliance 7. Reporting non-compliance events to the Environmental Officer/Monitor 8. Discussing potential design changes or changes to the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan with the Environmental Officer/Monitor prior to undertaking the change. 6.2 Project Site Meetings The Environmental Officer/Monitor should be involved in regular project meetings with the Supervisor’s Representative, and the Contractors Representative. The purpose of such regular meetings should be to outline the schedule of upcoming construction and proposed activities, and to review the activities of the previous week. In the event that the Environmental Officer/Monitor or Supervisor’s Representative deem the compliance regarding environmental requirements to be inadequate at any time during the Project, the frequency of the weekly or biweekly regular meetings should be increased accordingly until the Environmental Officer/Monitor is satisfied with the implemented changes. 6.3 Environmental Assessments of Construction Activities 6.3.1 Reporting Criteria and Frequency To facilitate efficient communications, the on-site Environmental Officer/Monitor should report and communicate with the Environmental Agencies. The Environmental Officer/Monitor should keep written records and photographic records where applicable, of all mitigation activities, compensation works, and construction task assessments and communications regulatory personnel. Weekly summary reports should be submitted to the Supervisor’s Representative and should include: Number and type of work assessments Quality of construction work and work techniques or mitigation recommendations Follow-up on previous recommendations Outstanding environmental works Proactive measures taken to protect the environment Other environmental issues Communications with environmental agencies Areas of work scheduled for upcoming week Proposed changes to design If a special event occurs, the Environmental Officer/Monitor should immediately report the event to the Supervisor’s Representative. Subsequent reporting should include event details, quality assurance and prevention plans. If an event results in a spill, the spill response plan should be activated. The Environmental Officer/Monitor should provide: Weekly summary reports of assessments detailing – Number and type of work assessments – Recommendations and follow-ups – Unanticipated activities – Proposed design changes – Summary of meeting issues 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 46 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities – Other environmental issues Monthly Reports detailing: – Environmental construction works to date – Outstanding environmental construction works – Planned environmental construction works – Quality of work and work technique or mitigation recommendations – Environmental assessment work projection for the upcoming month – Proactive measures taken to protect the environment – Communications with environmental agencies – Other environmental issues The Environmental Officer/Monitor should also maintain a daily diary containing details of events, assessments undertaken, communications, and other relevant items. The diary should be delivered to the Supervisor’s Representative at the end of each construction season, or at the year's end. Example forms for regular environmental inspection reporting have been included in Appendix A. 6.3.2 Construction Activity to be Assessed All aspects and phases of construction are to be assessed including planning, scheduling, methodology, and mitigation. Daily planning, scheduling and construction techniques should be discussed and assessed by the Environmental Officer/Monitor. 6.3.3 Assessments The Environmental Officer/Monitor should record assessments in written format and photographically where applicable. Individual records should be maintained for each environmental section and for each springs/wells compensation sites. Specific activities are to have individual assessment records on file, including any recommendations for follow-up. Copies of assessment records should be forwarded, as completed, to the Supervisor’s Representative, highlighting outstanding works, substandard works requiring improvement, and construction technique recommendations. The Supervisor’s Representative should provide a written response, within 2 days detailing the schedule to accommodate substandard or outstanding works. Recommendations should be discussed at the next weekly meeting. 6.3.4 Compliant /Non-compliant Criteria A non-compliant activity is any activity that does not comply with the requirements of the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan, the Special Specifications for the Project, permits, approvals and authorizations, and environmental regulations and acts, regardless of due diligence and mitigation activities. If a non-compliant activity is detected or reported, the activity creating the non-compliance should cease, and efforts should be undertaken to rectify the non-compliance. The Environmental Officer/Monitor should assess all non-compliance activities and assist the Contractor in returning the activity back into compliance. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 47 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities The Contractor, in consultation with the Environmental Officer/Monitor, should prepare a prevention plan designed to prevent reoccurrence of non-compliant activities. The Environmental Officer/Monitor should conduct follow-up assessments on all previously non-compliant activities to assure changes have been made to ensure environmental protection. Follow-up assessments should be submitted to the Supervisor’s Representative and the Contracting Authority. 6.3.5 Stop Work Authorisation Persons with Stop Work Authorisation are the primarily Supervisor’s Representative and subsequently the Environmental Officer/Monitor. Stop Work Authorizations are to be used only after all other efforts, such as dialogue with the Contractor and assessment reports, have been employed in an attempt to return a non- compliant or potentially non-compliant activity back into compliance. Although both parties are authorized to issue Stop Work Orders for a particular adverse activity, whenever possible, the Environmental Officer/Monitor should request the Supervisor’s Representative to undertake this Management. If the Supervisor’s Representative is not available, or is unresponsive to this request, the Environmental Officer/Monitor should issue the Stop Work Order. Stop Work Orders should be in writing. Stop Work Orders for environmental protection, or any issued by the Environmental Officer/Monitor must immediately be communicated with the Contracting Authority. 6.3.6 General Environmental Monitor Activities and Deliverables The activities of the environmental monitoring services should be comprised of routine activity assessments, potential environmental protection activities, unanticipated activity assessments, meetings and reporting, resource assistance and environmental protection. Routine activity assessments, potential environmental protection activities, meetings and reporting are based on scheduled construction activities. Unanticipated activity assessments are those construction activities that are not planned or scheduled and include activities such as spills and uncontrolled environmental releases, weather influenced activities, field changes, etc. The Environmental Officer/Monitor services should also act as an environmental protection resource for the Contractor, participating in training, modifying construction techniques, providing recommendations, and assisting in preventative planning toward environmental protection. The Environmental Officer/Monitor should be expected to participate in weekly Contractor meetings to discuss project schedule, changes, recommendations, works in environmentally sensitive areas, etc. 6.3.7 Pre-Construction/Construction Phase A pre-construction report should be prepared by the Consultant before the commencement of construction. This assessment should take the form of a small audit to detail characteristics of the environment in the construction and related areas. This should include a photo log and sketches of area. This report can be used to monitor construction impact on the environment. The following items should be monitored during the construction phase. General Site Condition Routine assessment of general site conditions, visual inspection of construction staging area to ensure that EMP is being implemented. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 48 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Fuel and Hazardous Material Storage Areas Routine assessments of fuel and hazardous material storage and general housekeeping practices are to be undertaken on an informal base throughout construction. Noise and Dust Monitoring of noise and dust nuisances and measures implemented to mitigate those nuisances. Waste Management Assessment/Monitoring of waste collection and disposal practices and general housekeeping on site. Public Complaints Assessment of public complaints and follow up Watercourse Crossings Equipment crossings of the drains (channels) are to be monitored for best management practices such as bank erosion reduction, sedimentation, etc. Flag Riparian Zones The Environmental Officer/Monitor is responsible to flag all riparian zones simultaneous to the construction contractor project layout, prior to clearing and grubbing operations. Drainage All channels, drains and River are to be monitored as and when required, to assure clearing and grubbing activities, and erosion control measures, are undertaken in accordance with the environmental management plan. Sediment Control Monitoring Sediment control should be monitored to ensure water quality protection during all phases of construction. Flora and Fauna The effect of construction on vegetation clearance and also impact on water bodies and aquatic environment should be assessed. 6.3.8 Post Construction Phase Assessment Construction site and staging area shall be cleared, all structures dismantled and restored to its original stage as far a practicable as possible. Within one month of completion of construction the Environmental Inspector shall prepare the post construction report and shall be forwarded to the Client and Contractor. The following items should be inspected and monitored. Site cleanup. All waste materials should be removed and all existing structures that are not part of the works removed. Grading and slope stabilization done. Erosion control measures in place, sedimentation identified and recovered. Re-vegetation around construction sites to avoid erosion Utilities disconnected Monitoring Plan Monitoring is an integral part of effective implementation of the Environmental Management Plan. The Consultant environmental Inspector should visit all construction area on a daily basis to ensure that mitigation action area implemented. The main environmental issues to be monitored are water quality, erosion and sedimentation. A each construction site it is important to carry out water quality test (pH and Turbidity), these tests should be done prior to construction to establish benchmark data, during construction to assess the impacts and after the completion of construction. 6.4 Services not provided by the General Environmental Monitor Environmental monitoring service is not responsible to undertake environmental mitigation activities that are normally performed by the Contractor. Such activities include, but not limited to: Sediment control structure implementation, inspections and maintenance Mitigation activities required due to weather 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 49 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Returning non-compliance activities back into compliance Spill control and clean up 6.5 Environmental Protection Agency The EPA main role is to ensure that the project is implemented and the project is in compliance with environmental laws, standards and regulations. The EPA will receive quarterly reports from the MPW&C Engineer during construction and post construction. The EPA is also responsible for periodic monitoring of the project. 6.6 Training and Spill Exercise The Contractor shall conduct a mock spill training exercise before the commencement of construction. This exercise should be repeated once every six months for the duration of the project. A spill report should be prepared after the exercise to document response time, deficiencies and areas that can be improved. All members of the Spill Response Team (Consultant, Contractor and Client) shall receive training to familiarize members with spill response and resources. 6.7 Workers Training Program All employees directly and indirectly involved in the construction of the proposed culverts shall be trained. This training program should aim to train and familiarize workers with the Environmental Management plan, the implementation of the plan and application of the mitigation measures. Workers should receive basic health and safety training to ensure that accident levels and mishaps on the construction site are kept top the minimal level. The traffic management plan should be discussed in detail with the designated traffic office and other employees responsible for traffic management, to ensure that effective traffic control mechanisms are in place and a free flow of traffic is maintained at all times. Safety of road users and construction employees is an important issue that need special consideration and training in traffic management will assist in implementing the Traffic management Plan. All construction workers should be familiar with the construction impact and preventative measure identified in this EMP as it related to waste management, general construction, water management, erosion and sedimentation control, dust and noise pollution, flora and fauna protection. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 50 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 7 Health, Safety and Welfare during Construction 7.1 Management of Health and Safety 7.1.1 Health and Safety Plan Under the specifications the Contractor will be required to propose a Health and Safety Plan which will outline their strategy for ensuring the safety of all stakeholders in the vicinity of the construction site. This should comply with all guidelines outlined in the Occupational Health and Safety Act, as well as the recommendations listed below. Consideration should be given to the following measures to manage health and safety during the construction phase in the Health and Safety Plan. Designation of a person on staff with responsibilities for Occupational Health and Safety. Risk assessment with mitigation measures as discussed below. Protocol for training and toolbox talks for all site personnel. Protocol for talking through risk assessment with site personnel, and having all site personnel sign risk assessment to agree to follow mitigation measures. Reporting procedures for near misses, accidents and dangerous actions. Commitment to ensure all PPE, first aid equipment, and safety equipment are provided in accordance with the risk assessment. Procedures for site inductions to be given to site visitors. 7.1.2 Health and Safety Risk Assessment and Identification of Mitigation Measures Key to the development of the Health and Safety Plan is the production of a comprehensive risk assessment. As a minimum the risks and mitigations given in the example risk assessment included in Appendix B must be included. In determining the mitigations for risks identified, the Contractor should consider that risk control measures should preferably be collective rather than personal. In descending order of effectiveness, the hierarchy of 1 risk control involves : 1. changes that eliminate a hazard 2. substitution of less hazardous methodology 3. enclosure – isolation, barriers, guarding or segregation, all of which are designed to separate people from the hazard 4. reduced exposure – changes that reduce the time individuals are exposed to a risk, or the number of people exposed 5. safe systems of work, together with suitable training and supervision 6. written procedures, and the provision of information, instruction, warnings, signs and/or labels 7. use of personal protective equipment (PPE) In preparation of the risk assessment the Contractor must consider measures to ensure the safety of all persons within the vicinity of the works. Examples of risks and mitigations to be considered are listed below: Provision and maintenance of construction sites that are lighted, safe and without risks to health. 1 CDM 2007 Construction Work Sector Guidance for Designers Section 1.4.7 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 51 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Provision of signage and fencing to stop access to work site by members of the general public. The execution of suitable arrangements for ensuring safety and absence of risks to health in connection with the use, handling, storage, transport and disposal of articles and substances Provision and maintenance of access to all places on site is in a condition that is safe and without risk of injury. Provision of protective clothing and safety gear (hard hats, hearing protection, goggles and other devices for activities). Provision of First Aids Kits. Arrangements for transfer to nearby hospital to deal with emergencies. Provision and maintenance of adequate sanitation, refuse collection and waste disposal. Provision of continuous supply of fresh water on site. Designation of a safety officer of one of the Contractors senior staff who will have specific experience and knowledge of safety regulations on similar projects. 7.1.3 Health and Safety Training for Workers All employees will undergo Health and Safety Training prior to commencement of constructions. Training sessions will also be ongoing throughout the construction phase to ensure full compliance with the approved Health and Safety Plan. The risk assessment will be discussed with all staff to ensure prescribed procedures and recommendations are clear. Key points to be covered in training of all site workers Obligations on employee as regards adherence to risk assessment and hazard reporting Risks posed by Site Conditions and Climate Behaviour on site Communication with the Public. Emergency Response (Fire, Health, Spills) Spill Response Mechanism Waste Management. Traffic Safety and Management Working hours and breaks Discussion of use and importance of the following safety equipment will be identified and demonstrated. High visibility clothing Hard hats Steel toe-capped boots Goggles Gloves Dust masks Fire Extinguishers. Key points to be covered in training of machinery operatives Qualifications and licences required for all operatives of heavy machinery Safe systems of work to protect operatives, site workers, public and property Use of banksmen at all times Ground conditions at work site Areas to be avoided Methods of working to ensure safety in poor ground conditions Working hours and breaks Carriage of passengers 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 52 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Use of seat belts Use of PPE Use of fire extinguishers and spill kits Smoking No operative to operate heavy machinery while under the influence of alcohol No operative to operate heavy machinery while excessively tired Use of mobile phones while operating machinery Maintenance of equipment 7.1.4 Site Inductions All persons who have not undergone training as described above must be given a site induction before entering the work site. Key points to be addressed in this induction include: Talking through and signing off on relevant parts of the risk assessment, Particular hazards relevant to visitor Behaviour on site Wearing of PPE Location of First Aid and Safety Equipment Introduction to nominated safety officer Entry and exit routes 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 53 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Appendices Appendix A. Example Forms 55 Appendix B. Example Health and Safety Risk Assessment 65 Appendix C. Environmental Risk Assessment 69 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 54 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Appendix A. Example Forms A.1. Daily Environmental Inspection Summary - Construction National Drainage and Irrigation Authority. Ministry of Agriculture. PROJECT: Conservancy Adaptation Project – Dam Feasibility and Rehabilitation of Structures. DAILY ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION SUMMARY-CONSTRUCTION Location(Chainage) ---------------- to------------------ Inspection Date: DAY OF: General Yes No N/A Sand Bags, silt fencing and absorbent material readily available for emergency. Erosion and sediment control measures in place Dust control measures in place. All workers outfitted with necessary PPE. First Aid Kits on site Spill kits on site All warning signs in place. Waste and Spills Management Garbage ,scrap material and waste collected in suitable receptacles No servicing or refilling with 30 m of watercourse Spill containment material available on site Vegetation material gathered for removal Waste construction stockpile not older than 30 days. Drip pans available in site Erosion and Sediment Control Stockpiles do not interfere with surface drainage Stockpiles protected from wind and 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 55 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities water erosion Silt fencing/trenching/berming in place Stockpiles not located within 10m of watercourses. Water Management Watercourse flow maintained No equipment, waste material or construction material stored within 10 m of watercourse Site dewatering pump outlets to vegetated area and not within 10 m of watercourse. Other Observation/Comments Issues Raised Environmental Inspector’s Signature Date: 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 56 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities A.2. Weekly Environmental Inspection Summary - Construction National Drainage and Irrigation Authority. Ministry of Agriculture. PROJECT: Conservancy Adaptation Project – Dam Feasibility and Rehabilitation of Structures. WEEKLY ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION SUMMARY-CONSTRUCTION Location(Chainage) ---------------- to------------------ Inspection Date: WEEK OF: Summary of Works completed: Contractor: Consultant: Summary of Construction Activities and Site Conditions during the Week. Environmental Management Onsite Traffic/Traffic Management Waste Management/Housekeeping Safety Equipment/Spill Kits Dust and Noise Fuel Spills 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 57 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Sediment and Erosion Control Dredging and Disposal Public Complaints Health, Safety and First Aid Accidents/Near Misses/Lost Time Licenses – Permits Outstanding Corrective Actions (attach extra sheets if necessary) Location: Action Item and Status: Issues Raised: Environmental Inspector’s Signature: Date: 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 58 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities A.3. Monthly Environmental Inspection Summary - Construction National Drainage and Irrigation Authority. Ministry of Agriculture. PROJECT: Conservancy Adaptation Project – Dam Feasibility and Rehabilitation of Structures. MONTLY ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION SUMMARY-CONSTRUCTION Location(Chainage) ---------------- to------------------ Inspection Date: MONTH OF: . Summary of Works completed: Contractor: Consultant: Summary of Construction Activities and Site Conditions during the Week. Environmental Management Onsite Traffic/Traffic Management Waste Management/Housekeeping Safety Equipment/Spill Kits Dust and Noise Fuel Spills 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 59 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Sediment and Erosion Control Dredging and Disposal Public Complaints Health, Safety and First Aid Accidents/Near Misses/Lost Time Licenses – Permits Outstanding Corrective Actions (attach extra sheets if necessary) Location: Action Item and Status: Issues Raised: 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 60 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities A.4. Quarterly Environmental Inspection Summary - Construction Environmental Inspector’s Signature: Date: National Drainage and Irrigation Authority. Ministry of Agriculture. PROJECT: Conservancy Adaptation Project – Dam Feasibility and Rehabilitation of Structures. QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION SUMMARY-CONSTRUCTION MONTH/YEAR: Summary of Construction Activities/Progress: Contractor: Summary of Major Environmental Issues : Summary of Environmental Mitigation. Public Complaints Outstanding Corrective Actions (attach extra sheets if necessary) Location: Issues Raised: Environmental Inspector’s Signature: Date: 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 61 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities A.5. Corrective Action Report National Drainage and Irrigation Authority. Ministry of Agriculture. PROJECT: Conservancy Adaptation Project – Dam Feasibility and Rehabilitation of Structures. CORRECTIVE ACTION REPORT Location (Chainage) ---------------- to------------------ Inspection Date: Nature of Non-compliance (attach inspectors report): Description of Corrective action Taken (attach Photo) : Environmental Inspector’s Signature: Date: 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 62 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities A.6. Post Environmental Inspection Summary - Construction National Drainage and Irrigation Authority. Ministry of Agriculture. PROJECT: Conservancy Adaptation Project – Dam Feasibility and Rehabilitation of Structures. POST ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION SUMMARY-CONSTRUCTION Location(Chainage) ---------------- to------------------ Inspection Date: General Yes No N/A Sand Bags, silt fencing and absorbent material removed where not protecting exposed slopes. Erosion and sediment control measures effectively prevents sedimentation. All services disconnected, buildings dismantled. Waste and Spills Management Garbage, scrap material and waste collected in suitable receptacles are removed from site. All spill kits removed. Vegetation material removed Waste construction stockpile have been removed and graded. Erosion and Sediment Control Surface drainage around stockpiles restored to pre-construction condition Exposed slopes graded to present erosion Toe berms or sandbags in place where slopes are not stable. Water Management Watercourse flow maintained and free of obstruction. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 63 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Other Observation/Comments Issues Raised Environmental Inspector’s Signature Date: 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 64 Task 3: EDWC Dam Safety and Feasibility Analysis EDWC Dam and Structures Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Appendix B. Example Health and Safety Risk Assessment Health & Safety Risk Assessment Project Title Conservancy Adaptation Project Project Number 270299 Project Manager* Martha Taylor Project Director* Andy Kirby Work Activities Construction of North and North East EDWC Dams Can the Responsibility Action Persons at Initial risk hazard be Residual risk for Hazard / Aspect (1) Consequence / Impact (2) Control measures (6) completed/ risk (3) level (4) avoided? level (7) implementing due (9) (5) (8) Risk Level Risk Level Likelihood Likelihood Severity Severity Y/N Although the water within the EDWC is relatively clean, there may be local Adequate, easily accessible, Contractor Working Near Water - All site levels of biological contamination which 3 1 M Y safe drinking water should be 3 1 M Project Ongoing Sickness personnel could lead to sickness, such as provided to all site personnel Manager leptospirosis, if ingested. Soft, uncompacted and ill-defined bank conditions and extensive working near The wearing of buoyancy aides Contractor Working Near Water - water increase the probability of site All site should be enforced for all site 3 2 H N 3 1 M Project Ongoing Drowning personnel falling into the deep personnel personnel. Lone working Manager perimeter channel or shallower should not be permitted. downstream channels 270299/EVT/EES/27/A June 2013 65 Task 3: EDWC Dam Safety and Feasibility Analysis EDWC Dam and Structures Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities All operators must be well trained. Banksmen must be Soft, uneven ground conditions Operating Earth Moving used at all times. Hazardous Contractor increase likelihood of plant toppling, All site Plant - Injury from 3 2 H N ground conditions should be 3 1 M Project Ongoing leading to injury of operator or nearby personnel Toppling Plant identified and discussed with Manager personnel operator at start of each operation All operators must be well trained. Banksmen must be Soft, uneven ground conditions and used at all times. Hazardous Contractor Operating Earth Moving proximity to channels increase Plant 3 2 H N ground conditions should be 3 1 M Project Ongoing Plant - Drowning likelihood of plant toppling into water, operators identified and discussed with Manager trapping operator underwater operator at start of each operation All operators must be qualified, licensed and well trained. Banksmen must be used at all times. All personnel entering site should be briefed on Volume of earth moving activities Operating Earth Moving hazards. Wearing of Contractor required increases likelihood of bucket All site Plant - injury from plant 3 2 H N appropriate PPE, including 3 1 M Project Ongoing or body of machine striking site personnel striking site personnel high-vis and hard hats, should Manager personnel be enforced for all personal entering site. No person who is under the influence of alcohol or excessively tired is permitted to operate machinery All operators and drivers must be well trained. Banksmen must be used at all times. All personnel entering site should Contractor Site Traffic - Injury from Scale of operation increases likelihood All site 3 2 H N be briefed on hazards. 3 1 M Project Ongoing collision of traffic collision personnel Wearing of appropriate PPE, Manager including high-vis and hard hats, should be enforced for all personal entering site. Poor ground conditions and high water All site personnel to be briefed Contractor All site Excavation Collapse table increase likelihood of injury or 3 2 H N on risk. All excavations to be 3 1 M Project Ongoing personnel death following collapse of excavations properly shored up. Manager Poor and uneven ground conditions All site personnel to be briefed Contractor All site Slips, trips and falls increase likelihood of injury following 3 2 H N on risk. Appropriate footwear 3 1 M Project Ongoing personnel slips, trips and falls to be worn at all times. Manager 270299/EVT/EES/27/A June 2013 66 Task 3: EDWC Dam Safety and Feasibility Analysis EDWC Dam and Structures Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities All site personnel to be briefed on risk. Appropriate PPE, Concrete work during structure including gloves and boots, to Contractor All site Chemical burns rehabilitation could lead to chemical 3 2 H N be worn at all times. Washing 3 1 M Project Ongoing personnel burns from cement facilities to be provided. Eye Manager wash to be made available and readily accessible. All site personnel to be briefed on risk. Contractor to provide suitable method statements. Rehabilitation of Structures, particularly Appropriate scaffolding to be Contractor Working from Height - the operating machinery and access All site 3 2 H N provided. Appropriate PPE, 3 1 M Project Ongoing Injury from Falls improvements, will lead to working from personnel including harnesses if specified Manager height in method statements, to be worn at all times. No lone working to be permitted. All site personnel to be briefed on risk. Contractor to provide Rehabilitation of Structures, particularly Working from Height - suitable method statements. Contractor the operating machinery and access All site Injury from dropped 3 2 H N Appropriate scaffolding to be 3 1 M Project Ongoing improvements, will lead to working from personnel objects provided with footboards. Manager height Wearing of hard hats to be enforced for all site personnel. All site personnel to be briefed on risk. All site personnel to Working in Hostile wear hard hats. Plenty of Contractor Environments - Injury or Hot sunny weather increases risk of All site drinking water to be available 2 2 M Y 2 1 L Project Ongoing Ill Health from Hot burns, sun-stroke and dehydration personnel and easily accessible. Sun Manager Conditions cream to be made available. Working hours to be restricted and breaks to be programmed. All site personnel to be briefed Working in Hostile on risk and response. Medical Environments - Injury or officer with first aid training to Contractor Hostile fauna include bees, snakes, All site Ill Health following bites 2 2 M Y be nominated. No lone 2 1 L Project Ongoing tarantulas, ants, caiman and piranha. personnel or stings from Hostile working to be carried out. Manager Fauna Vehicles to be available for transfer to hospital. Guidelines on how to complete the HRSA Project 1. Record the hazard or aspect, e.g. exposure to noise, entering a confined space, etc 270299/EVT/EES/27/A June 2013 67 Task 3: EDWC Dam Safety and Feasibility Analysis EDWC Dam and Structures Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 2. Identify the worst-case effect of the hazard 3. Identify who could be affected by the risk, e.g. Project Team, Sub-consultants/contractors, Members of the public, etc 4. Evaluate the level of risk for each hazard, by identifying its severity of harm and likelihood, using the risk matrix shown below 5. Ascertain if high risk, can hazard be avoided? 6. Identify control measures, noting that each hazard may require more than one control measure 7. Evaluate the level of risk for each hazard, taking into account the effect of the control measure(s) 8. Identify who is responsible for implementing or ensuring that the control measures have been implemented 9. Record the date the actions completed or due Severity of Harm Likelihood Risk Level Severity Probability Probability Index Index Index Severity Index 1 2 3 Death or major injury 3 Harm is certain or near certain to occur 3 1 L L M Lost time injury or illness 2 Harm is likely to occur 2 2 L M H All other injuries or illnesses 1 Harm is unlikely 1 3 M H H Record of Health & Safety Risk Assessment Completed by: Martha Taylor Approved: Andy Kirby (Project (Project Manager)* Martha Taylor Director)* Andy Kirby Date: 03-Jun-13 Date: 270299/EVT/EES/27/A June 2013 68 Task 3: EDWC Dam Safety and Feasibility Analysis EDWC Dam and Structures Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities Appendix C. Environmental Risk Assessment 270299/EVT/EES/27/A June 2013 69 Task 3: EDWC Dam Safety and Feasibility Analysis EDWC Dam and Structures Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities 270299/EVT/EES/27/A June 2013 70 Conservancy Adaptation Project: Pre-Investment Studies EDWC Dam Environmental Assessment of Construction Activities References 1. SNC. Lavalin International, May, 2001.Mahaica-Rosignol Road-Design and Feasibility Study Environmental Management Plan. 2. NDLEA-CEMCO 2006. Berbice River Bridge Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. 3. NDLEA-CEMCO 2007. Berbice River Bridge. Environmental Management Plan. 4. WSP imc in assoc with CEMCO Inc, April,2008, Economic Analysis, Environmental Assessment and Design Studies .Lot 2B Transport Infrastructure Rehabilitation Programme Feasibility Report. 5. WSP imc in assoc with CEMCO Inc, April,2008, Economic Analysis, Environmental Assessment and Design Studies .Lot 2B Transport Infrastructure Rehabilitation Inception Report. 6. WSP imc in assoc with CEMCO Inc, March, 2008, Economic Analysis, Environmental Assessment and Design Studies. Lot 2B Transport Infrastructure Rehabilitation. Condition Study Report of Structure in Lot 2B. 7. EMC- 2011. East Demerara Water Conservancy Northern Relief Structure- Environmental Management Plan. 270299/EVT/EES/HYES/27/A June 2013 71