SFG1733 REV The Social Assessment Report World Bank Financed Second Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Gansu Yishan Yishui Center for Environmental and Social Development April 6, 2016 Social AssessmentTeam Members Educational No. Name Major Office Job Background Environmental 1 Wenguang Ding Ph. D Director & Professor Sociology 2 Jiakai Tang Dr. Physical Geography Research Assistant Environmental 3 Wenqi Gao Dr. Research Assistant Sociology 4 Li He Master Environmental Science Research Intern 5 Xingde Liu Master Environmental Science Research Intern 6 Chen Zhao Master Tourism Management Research Intern 7 Lizhen Chen Master Physical Geography Research Intern 8 Xuelian Gao Master Social Security Research Intern 9 Jiajia Wu Master Social Security Research Intern 10 Hao Xu Master Physical Geography Research Intern Administrative 11 Yihong Liu Master Research Intern Management 12 Ailu Pan Master Social Security Research Intern 13 Danlu Li Master Physical Geography Research Intern 14 Yiying Geng Master Environmental Science Research Intern Anthropological 15 Man Huang Master Research Intern Sociology The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II PREFACE My agency was fortunate to attend and successfully win the bidding of “Social AssessmentReport of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II”. With heavy responsibility, in passing time, in accordance with the instructions and requirements of Gansu Provincial Development and Reform Commission, we set up a strong project team immediately to ensure the quality and quantity of the project timely. In order to complete the report as scheduled, three groups of the SA team carried out research and assessment in six scenic spots of three cities (states) during October 1 to October 14 in 2015. The first group consists of the leader Professor Ding Wenguang and the team members of Li He, Yihong Liu and Guosheng Yang, whose research areas including the national 4A level scenic spot Songming Yan and Palaeotherium Fossils Museum in Hezheng County, Kongtong Mountain in Kongtong District, and Jingchuan Baili Grottoes scenic spot and so on. The second group consists of the leader Jiakai Tang and the team members Chen Zhao, Lizhen Chen, Xingde Liu and Xuelian Gao, whose research areas including Yangba ecological tourist scenic spot in Kang County, the national 4A level scenic spots Guan’e Gou in Tanchang County and so on. The third group consists of the leader Wenqi Gao and the team members Hao Xu, Jiajia Wu and Ailu Pan, whose research areas including the national 5A level scenic spots and the national geological park Kongtong Mountain in Pingliang City, Baili Grottoes in Jingchuan County, the national 4A level scenic spots Yunya Temple in Zhuanglang County and so on. During the preparation of the SA, the SA consulting Team participated in the project coordination meetins with the PMOs and World Bank mission teams, which was organized by the Provincial Development and Reform Commission. The SA team discussed with World Bank project manager Ji You and social specialist, and leaders of Provincial Development Overseas Loan Office, Provincial PMO-Development and Reform Commission Foreign Office, county/district PMO, and some other relevant government departments. In accordance with the views in the meetings, the SA Team also went to various sample project areas for two rounds of field investigation and consultation with local people. During the dates of November 9 to 13 in 2015, the leader of SA team Professor Wenguang Ding again participated in the technical seminar of World Bank's technical preparation group, successively carried out seminars and investigations in Lanzhou city, Kongtong District and Jingchuan County. During the period, the World Bank team had put forward some very good guidance about the modifications and improvement of the report. Based on the feedbacks from the Bank team, this social consulting team carried out a third research for the project areas during late November to mid-December. The team was divided into two groups， overcame the bad weather, frozen road and other difficulties, finished the needs assessment and supplemented research on minority identification and development plan of 30 village communities affected by the project and distributed in 6 scenic spots, which had laid a solid foundation for consummating the social assessmentreport. Through the three in-depth researche, SA team completed a total of 590 questionnaires, and 390 network questionnaires, collected 68 relevant materials, 9 pieces of image data and over 700 photographs from related counties. Based on the collatation and analysis of the abundant field survey data and the reference of a large number of secondary data in the writing process of the report, we completed the report timely at the end. For the inadequacies of the report, please oblige us with your valuable comments. SA Team of Gansu Yishan Yishui Center for Environmental and Social Development Mar. 16, 2016 1 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Social Assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project II ABSTRACT Through bidding, Gansu Yishan Yishui Center for Environmental and Social Development (hereafter refers to Yishan Yishui) got the social assessment (SA) preparation work for "World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II"(Hereinafter referred to as the project). Under the leadership of Gansu Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Yishan Yishui formed a 12-person research team and had carried out SA by three groups in six counties (districts). With the methods of participatory rural appraisal(PRA), which includes field research, participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) and literature review, the team acquired much underlying data and information needed for developing SA report. Then, the SA report was worked out based on analysis and summary of the basic data and information. The report meets the requirements of the World Bank and the Ministry of Finance on Guide to the Performance Evaluation of Loan Projects of International Financial Organizations. The main conclusions drawn from the SA report cover four aspects in social benefits, the potential social risks, recommendations and related actions. The main social benefits are reflected as follows: (1) The east and southeast region of Gansu province and such surrounding area are rich in cultural and natural resources, but backward, in economic and social development. It lacks funds, ideas, technology and international cooperation in conservation and development. The implementation of the project will play an important role in the protection and development of cultural and natural heritage as well as in intangible cultural heritage. (2) The implementation of the project will benefit to improving the infrastructure inside and outside of scenic spots, to improving the scenic tourist facilities and to increasing jobs during and after the project construction. (3) The implementation of the project will be good for improving the management capacity of the scenic spots, for improving protection of the cultural relics and for improving the overall quality of tourism employees. Besides, it will also enhance the local residents’ protection awareness on cultural and natural heritage. (4) The project covers rural poverty population. Therefore, the project pays close attention to minority, women, elderly and children in the project area, and to improving their living environment and creating participation channels for them. (5)According to our conservative estimates, the project will directly affect 30 beneficiary communities with 7,381 people to be out of poverty, indirectly affect 110,715 people out of poverty by 2020 at the end of the world bank project, which will contribute 15.66% of poverty reduction to the east and southeast region of Gansu province. The potential social risks include following 5 aspects: (1) Risk of low community participation. It is found that development of social organizations (NGOs) in the six scenic spots is sluggish. Only Kongtong area exsits a few associations or organizations on cultural and natural heritage protection and development, and Songming Yan has a farmers' cooperative. NGOs have I The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II not been found in the rest of scenic spots. In the risk assessment of the six sub-projects, the risk of low community participation is ranked the first in the 6 sub-project regions. Obviously, low community participation is likely to be one of the major social risks of the project, which would result in failure in achieving the Bank's "Twin Goals". (2) Risk of heritage damage. In addition to Kongtong Mountain scenic spot, other scenic spots are facing risk of heritage damage at different degrees, of which Baili Grottoes scenic spot in Jingchuan county suffers most serve damage. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct rescue conservation of cultural and natural heritage. (3) Risk of a large proportion of poverty population . The east and southeast area of Gansu Province where the six project counties (districts) are located is a rather impoverished region in China with the densest poverty population. The region is marked by poor social and economical conditions, vast and severe poverty, ecological venerability, geological calamity frequency, the backwardness of the protection and exploitation of local heritage, community poverty and scenic spot prosperity contrast sharply. How to coordinate the poor communities to share the fruits of the development in scenic spots is not only a challenge for the project, but also an opportunity for project innovation. (4) Risk of lagging development in minority communities . Minority peoples in Gansu province are mainly distributed in its southeast region. Due to negative impact of geographical location, natural conditions, poor infrastructure, education and other factors, the region where the ethnic minorities live has been the poorest region in southeast of Gansu. The region had lagged behind in social and economic development for a long term, making higher poverty population and more difficulty in poverty alleviation. Therefore, it is necessary to work out community development plans aiming at the ethnic minorities in the project area, to provide the World Bank loan funds to support them, to establish community organizations for them, to provide capacity building and to formulate a locally friendly and specific project. Thus, on the basis of needs assessment, the SA team designed the minority community development projects and capacity building components. Tanchang County and Hezheng County should refer to the reports of Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) developed by the SA team to design and implement their projects. (5) Risk of gender inequality. Due to the unbalanced social and economic development level, most farmers leave home for migrant work, causing imbalance of loacl labor structure. As a result, the community labor forces mainly comprise left-behind women and the elderly. And women have much lower educational level than men, which causes them to lack participation right, expression right, decision-making right and the right to be heard in community affairs. Hence, the project components should be fully considered in gender sentivity, community development and gender equality, and capacity building so as to promote simultaneouse development of communities and scenic spots. Suggestions and Mitigation Plans: 1. Establishment of PMOs and Strengthening the Pertinence Management (1) Establishment of Provincial PMO It is proposed to establish a provincial level project management institution, i.e. the Foreign Loan Program Executive Office of the Gansu Province Development and Reform Commission, which will be responsible for organization, coordination, guidance and supervision work relative to the project. Specifically speaking, the office will undertake tasks as follows:  business guidance, staff training, project supervision for project management organizations at the city (prefecture) and county levels in the implementation of the project in the early stage;  timely coordination with the state ministries and the Bank in preparing annual procurement plan, project progress reports, all kinds of monitoring reports, etc. This project involves three cities/prefectures (Pingliang city, Longnan city, and Linxin Hui Autonomous Prefecture).The development and reform bureaus in the cities or prefectures are designated to set up the project coordination offices responsible for liaison with upper administration agencies and for business II The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II guidance for their lower organizations. This project includes 6 counties including Kongtong district, Zhuanglang county, Jingchuan county, Tanchang County, Kang county, and Hezheng county. The six counties have established project management offices under the guidance of the Foreign Loans Program Executive Office of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, and are responsible for the implementation of the project work. Their major tasks are to work out annual procurement plan, to invite bidding and shopping, to work out all types of monitoring reports, to organize community training, to submit engineering progress reports in time, and to be responsible for project construction and contract management. (2) Set up implementation organizations The project owners will be responsible for designing for and construction of engineering, wrapping-up project reports, dealing with cash reimbursement application and financial management, and maintenance of facilities etc. after the project is completed or handling over the project to the operation units. The Foreign Loan Program Executive Office of the Gansu Province Development and Reform Commission is a provincial level implementation organization. Kongtong District PMO, Jingchuan County PMO, Zhuanglang County PMO under the auspice of Pingliang Citny PMO, Tanchang County PMO, Kangxian County PMO under the auspice of Longnan City PMO and Hezheng County PMO under Linxia Prefecture PMO are implementation agencies at county levels. (3) Supervision organizations The supervision organizations consist of the relevant departments exercising supervision in accordance with the relevant national and local procedures and regulations and internal surveillance teams formed by the social news media, village committees and COs in the project area as well as the independent monitoring and evaluation organizations. 2. Formulation of Project Implementation Plans It is planned that the secondary phase project’s overall construction period will last 6 years from 2016 to 2022. The implementation plans for heritage conservation and development as well as for community development were laid out based on needs assessment and field survey. The implementation plans are supposed to mitigate the negative impacts while bring out positive impact. 3．Implementation o f community development projects (1) Incubation of Community Organizations The community organization is the important carrier in achieving community participation. Therefore, establishing community organizations can create a platform for community participation. The SIA team recommends that the provincial PMO should invite an experienced rural community development organization or senior experts to incubate 31 COs in the 30 communities of the 6 scenic spot area in a way of mentoring, of which 12 COs will be given priority in incubation and be registered in the government. (2) Implementation of Community Capacity Building The SA team designed the specific capacity building components for each sub-project area according to the community needs assessment. Capacity building project will benefit 6,960 farm households with 32,029 people. In addition, capacity building will directly benefit 7,246 farmers and indirectly benefit 111,100 farmers during project implementation. (3) Implementation of Community Development Projects It is recommended to carry out community development projects with community characteristics by focusing on the World Bank’s Twin Goals of “Reducing Absolute Poverty and Sharing Economic Prosperity” .The budget for community development project components in the 6 scenic spots total RMB12,449,600, of which the budget for community development amount to RMB9,549,600 ，the budget III The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II for monitoring and evaluation fee for community development projects RMB 1,800,000 ，the budget for monitoring and evaluation fee for eth nic minority community development projects RMB300,000, and the budget for community co-management research and demonstration fee RMB 800,000. (4)Formulation and implementation of EMDPs The beneficiary population in Tanchang County and Hezheng county include ethnic minorities who are Tibetan in Guan’e Gou in Tanchang County and Hui and Dongxiang peoples living in Songmingyan scenic spot area of Hezheng county. Preparation of ethnic minority development plans is for the purpose of promoting minorities to participate in the preparation and implementation of the project process, ensure that minorities can benefit from the project, at the same time maximize the improvement of poverty in the ethnic minority population, and minimize the negative impact of the project. Hence, the SA team laid out TanchangTibetan Ethnic Minority Development Plan Report and Hezheng Dongxiang Ethnic Minority Development Plan Report. (5) Conducting Community Co-management Study Faced to the potential risks, challenges on protection and development in six scenic spots, a special research theme is proposed to design for providing policy recommendations and theoretical support for sustainable protection and development of the scenic spots. The proposed research is A Study on Community Co-Management and Demonstration in Luohandong Scenic Sport and the research grant is RMB800,000. （6） Conducting Monitoring & Evaluation It is proposed that the provincial PMO should invite an independent community development organization or experts to conduct participatory monitoring and evaluation on ongoing community development project so as to identify potential problems or risks during project implementation, especially focusing on whether implementation of the project make the poverty groups, women, children and ethnic minority groups be benefited. Table 0 The investigation list of SA team Survey Government Community Questionnaire Area Name times seminars meetings In Paper On Internet Kongtong Mountain in 3 2 8 121 122 Pingliang Baili Grottoes in Jingchuan 3 2 7 59 45 Yunya Temple in Zhuanglang 3 1 4 99 89 Guan'e Gou in Dangchang 3 2 5 139 48 Yangba in Kang Xian 3 1 8 82 53 Songmingyan and Palaeotherium Fossils Museum 3 2 5 90 33 in Hezheng IV The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II CONTENT PREFACE..........................................................................................................................................................................1 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................................... I CONTENT ....................................................................................................................................................................... V Table Appendix ......................................................................................................................................................... XII Figure Appendix ...................................................................................................................................................... XIV Chapter1 Background ............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background to the project ............................................................................................................1 1.2 Necessity of Social Assessment .............................................................................................................3 1.3 Purpose of Social assessment ................................................................................................................4 1.3 Significance of Social assessment.........................................................................................................4 1.4 Task of Social assessment .......................................................................................................................5 1.5 Process of Social assessment .................................................................................................................5 1.6 The Main Factors Affecting the Achievement of Project Objectives ......................................6 1.7 Methods of Social assessment ...............................................................................................................6 1.7.1 Direct Observation ........................................................................................................................7 1.7.2 Village (Community) Meeting ..................................................................................................7 1.7.3 SSI ........................................................................................................................................................7 1.7.4 Key Staff Interview .......................................................................................................................8 1.7.5 Social Gender Perspective ...................................................................................................... 10 1.7.6 Participatory Mapping.............................................................................................................. 10 1.7.7 Questionnaire Investigation................................................................................................... 11 1.7.8 Logical Framework .................................................................................................................... 11 1.8 Selection of Survey Points .................................................................................................................... 11 1.9 Data Source ................................................................................................................................................ 12 V The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 1.9.1 First-hand Data............................................................................................................................ 12 1.9.2 Secondary Data............................................................................................................................ 12 1.10 Consultations with stakeholders .................................................................................................... 14 Chapter2 Brief Introduction of Project Area ............................................................................................. 15 2.1 Basic Profile of Project Area ................................................................................................................ 15 2.1.1 Kongtong District ....................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 Jingchuan Couty .......................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.3 Zhuanglang County .................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.4 Kang County.................................................................................................................................. 16 2.1.5 Tanchang County ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.1.6 Hezheng County .......................................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Overview of Tourism Development in Project Areas ............................................................... 17 2.2.1 Kongtong District ....................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.2 Jingchuan County........................................................................................................................ 18 2.2.3 Zhuanglang County .................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.4 Kang County.................................................................................................................................. 19 2.2.5 Tanchang County ........................................................................................................................ 19 2.2.6 Hezheng County .......................................................................................................................... 20 2.3 Poverty Situation & Overall Analysis of the Necessities of Poverty Alleviation and Development in Project Area ..................................................................................................................... 21 2.3.1 Relationship Between World Bank "Twin Goals" and Scenic Development ...... 21 2.3.2 Relationship Between World Bank "Twin Goals" and Community Development ........................................................................................................................................... 21 2.3.3 Highly Consistent Between “Twin Goals" and China's Poverty Alleviation Policy .......................................................................................................................................................... 22 2.3.4 Overall Poverty Situation of Each Project Area ............................................................. 22 VI The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 2.3.5 Community Poverty Situation in Project Area ............................................................... 24 2.4 Situation of Cultural and Natural Heritage in Project Area .................................................... 36 2.4.1 Status of Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection in Project Area ...................... 36 2.4.2 Situation of Cultural and Natural Heritage Tourism Development in the Project Area ............................................................................................................................................. 43 2.4.3 Analysis of Cultural and Natural Heritage Management Situation in the Project Area ............................................................................................................................................. 56 Chapter3 Analysis of the Stakeholder in the Project Area ....................................................................... 61 3.1 Identification of the Stakeholder ....................................................................................................... 61 3.1.1 Community Residents............................................................................................................... 61 3.1.2 The Government Departments Associated with Culture Protection and Tourism ..................................................................................................................................................... 63 3.1.3 The Commercial and Private Institutions ........................................................................ 63 3.2 Approaches for Stakeholders to Participate in the Project .................................................... 64 3.3 The Needs Assessment of the Stakeholders and Mitigation Measures ............................. 65 3.3.1 The Joint Needs of the Communities in the Six Project Areas.................................. 65 3.3.2 Different Needs of the 6 Project Areas .............................................................................. 66 Chapter 4 Project and Ethnic Minorities ......................................................................................................... 73 4.1 Overview of Ethnic Minorities in the Project Area .................................................................... 73 4.1.1 Distribution of Ethnic Minorities in the Project Area .................................................. 73 4.1.2 Religious Beliefs and Cultural Characteristics of Ethnic Minorities in Project Area ............................................................................................................................................................. 74 4.1.3 Social and Economic Situation of Ethnic Minorities in Project Area..................... 78 4.2 Ethnic Minorities’ Legal and Institutional Framework ............................................................ 81 4.3 The Process of Minority Peoples who are Informed, Participate and Being Consulted ............................................................................................................................................................ 88 4.3.1 Participation of Minority Communities in Early Stage ............................................... 88 VII The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 4.3.2 The Results of Minority Community Participation ....................................................... 89 4.3.3 Participation Plan during Project Implementation ...................................................... 91 4.4 Analysis of the Impact of Project on Ethnic Minority Peoples .............................................. 91 4.4.1 Positive Effect .............................................................................................................................. 92 4.4.2 Potential Negative Impacts .................................................................................................... 92 Chapter5 Public Participation and Consultation ......................................................................................... 94 5.1 Public Participation in Project Preparatory Stage ..................................................................... 94 5.1.1 Field Survey .................................................................................................................................. 94 5.1.2 Public Interviews ........................................................................................................................ 94 5.1.3 Questionnaire Surveys ............................................................................................................. 94 5.1.4 Official Symposiums .................................................................................................................. 94 5.2 Public Participation in the Process of Social assessment ........................................................ 95 5.2.1 Agency Interviews...................................................................................................................... 96 5.2.2 The Villagers/Residents Symposiums in the Project Area........................................ 96 5.2.3 Symposium Situation of Enterprises and Business Institutions ............................. 97 5.2.4 Questionnaire Surveys and Community Interviews .................................................... 98 5.3 Findings and Summary .......................................................................................................................... 98 5.3.1 Common Problems in the Project Area and Surrounding Communities ............. 98 5.3.2 The Common Needs of the Communities Around the Project Area ...................... 99 Chapter 6 Social Risks Analysis........................................................................................................................ 101 6.1 Identification of general social risks to be addressed ........................................................... 101 6.2 Potential Risks of Each Scenic Spot ............................................................................................... 102 6.3 Mitigationn Strategy Coping with Social Risks and impacts ............................................... 103 Chapter7 Project Social Impact Analysis .................................................................................................. 107 Negative Social Impacts of the project .......................................................................................... 107 VIII The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 7.1 Social Impact Analysis on Kongtong Mount Project ............................................................... 108 7.1.1 Impact on Main Stakeholders ............................................................................................. 108 7.1.2 Impact on Local Natural and Cultural Heritages ........................................................ 108 7.1.3 Impact on Social Service Capacity .................................................................................... 108 7.1.4 Impact on Urbanization ........................................................................................................ 108 7.2 Social Impact Analysis on Baili Grottoes, Jingchuan County............................................... 112 7.2.1 Impact on Main Stakeholders ............................................................................................. 112 7.2.2 Impact on Local Cultural and Natural Heritages ........................................................ 112 7.2.3 Impact on Social Service Capacity .................................................................................... 112 7.2.4 Impact on Urbanization ........................................................................................................ 112 7.3 Social Impact Analysis on Yunya Temple, Zhuanglang County ......................................... 112 7.3.1 Impact on Main Stakeholders ............................................................................................. 112 7.3.2 Impact on Local Natural and Cultural Heritages ........................................................ 117 7.3.3 Impact on Social Service Capacity .................................................................................... 117 7.3.4 Impact on Local Urbanization ............................................................................................ 117 7.4 Social Impact Analysis on Guan’egou , Tanchang County .................................................... 117 7.4.1 Impact on main stakeholders ............................................................................................. 117 7.4.2 Impact on Cultural and Natural Heritage ...................................................................... 120 7.4.3 Impact on Social Service Capacity .................................................................................... 120 7.4.4 Impact on Urbanization ........................................................................................................ 120 7.5 Social Impact Analysis on Yangba Project, in Kang County................................................. 120 7.5.1 Impact on Main Stakeholders ............................................................................................. 120 7.5.2 Impact on Local Cultural and Natural Heritage .......................................................... 123 7.5.3 Impact on Social Service Capacity .................................................................................... 123 7.5.4 Impact on Urbanization Process ....................................................................................... 123 IX The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 7.6 Social Impact Analysis on Hezheng County Project ............................................................... 123 7.6.1 Impact on Main Stakeholders ............................................................................................. 123 7.6.2 Impact on Local Cultural and Natural Heritage .......................................................... 126 7.6.3 Impact on Social Service Capacity .................................................................................... 126 7.6.4 Impact on Urbanization ........................................................................................................ 126 Chapter 8 Community Participation Strategy in Heritage Protection and Development .... 126 8.1 Functions of Community Participation ........................................................................................ 127 8.2 Participation Principles and Framework.................................................................................... 127 8.3 Community Organization Capacity Building ............................................................................. 127 8.4 Community Participation Mechanism.......................................................................................... 129 8.5 Community Organization Incubation and Development...................................................... 129 8.6 Inclusiveness of COs ............................................................................................................................ 130 8.7 Grievance and Appeal Mechanism ................................................................................................. 131 Chapter 9 Conclusions, Recommendations and Action Plan ............................................................... 135 9.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 135 9.1.1 The Social Benefits of the Project ..................................................................................... 135 9.1.2 The Potential Social risks and negative impacts of the Project ............................ 135 9.2 Suggestions and Mitigation Plans .................................................................................................. 136 9.2.1 Establishment of PMOs and Strengthening the Pertinence Management ....... 136 9.2.2 Implementation Plans ........................................................................................................... 139 9.2.3 Mitigation measures of potential impacts...................................................... 140 9.2.4 Implementation of community development projects ............................................ 140 Table 9.2. Proposed Community Organizations for 6 scenic spots in Gansu Province ............. 141 Appendix 1: Detailed Consultation with Stakeholders in Project Area ................................ 148 Appendix 2: Questionnaires .............................................................................................................................. 151 X The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Questionnaire 1: Questionnaire for Local Officials in World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phrase II ................. 151 Questionnaire 2: Questionnaire for Business Operators in Scenic Areas in World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phrase II ........................................................................................................................................................... 153 Questionnaire 3: Questionnaire for Tourists in Local Officials in World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phrase II.... 155 Questionnaire 4: Questionnaires of Residents around the Scenic Spot of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II ............................................................................................................................................................. 158 Appendix 3. Poverty Status of the Project Counties ................................................................................ 161 Appendix 4. Ethnic minority information in six scenic spots in Gansu province ........................ 162 Appendix 5. CO Development Project Components and Budget ..................................................................... 164 1. Kongtong Mountain, Pingliang City ............................................................................................................ 164 2. Jingchuan County Baili Grottoes, Pingliang City ...................................................................................... 165 3. Yunya Temple, Zhuanglang county, Pingliang City ................................................................................. 166 4. Yangba, Kangxian county, Longnan City................................................................................................... 167 5. Guan’e Gou, Tanchang County, Longnan City ......................................................................................... 168 6. Songmingyan and Palaeotherium Fossils Museum, Hezheng county,Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture ........................................................................................................................................................... 170 7. Community development research Fee: .................................................................................................... 172 XI The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table Appendix Table 1-1 The Investigation Case List of Our Project Team ..................................................................... 5 Table 1-1 Data Collection List of Local Governments ......................................................................... 13 Table 2-1 The Basic Community Conditions Surrounding Kongtong Mountain Project Area ............ 25 Table 2-2 Basic Agricultural Conditions of Communities Surrounding Kongtong Mountain Project Area.................................................................................................................................................. 26 Table 2-3 Basic Community Situation Surrounding Baili Grottoes ..................................................... 27 Table 2-4 Basic Agricultural Conditions of Communities Surrounding Baili Grottoes Scenic Spot ... 28 Table 2-5 Basic Community Conditions Surrounding Yunya Temple ................................................. 29 Table 2-6 Basic Agricultural Conditions of Communities Surrounding Yunya Temple ...................... 29 Table 2-7 Basic Community Conditions Surrounding Yangba Scenic Spot......................................... 31 Table 2-8 Basic Agricultural Conditions of Communities Surrounding Yangba Scenic Spot ............. 31 Table 2-9 Basic Community Conditions Surrounding Guan’e Gou Scenic Spot ................................. 33 Table 2-10 Basic Agricultural Conditions of Communities Surrounding Guan’e Gou Scenic Spot .... 34 Table 2-11 Basic Community Conditions Surrounding Songming Yan Scenic Spot, Hezheng County.............................................................................................................................................. 35 Table 2-12 Basic Agricultural Conditions of Communities Surrounding Songming Yan Scenic Spot, Hezheng County .............................................................................................................................. 35 Table 2-13 The Ticket Prices category of Wangmu Palace, Jingchuan County ................................... 57 Table 2-14 The Ticket Price Category of Yunya Temple, Zhuanglang County ................................... 57 Table 2-15 The Ticket Price Category of Yangba, Kang County ......................................................... 57 Table 2-16 The Constitute Table of Management Personnel in Project Areas ..................................... 58 Table 3-1 Related Stakeholders List ..................................................................................................... 61 Table 4-1 Overview of Ethnic Minority in the Project Area................................................................. 73 Table 4-2 Economic situation of Gansu province, Longnan City, Tanchang County and other townships and villages in project area ............................................................................................. 78 Table 4-3 Social and economic situation of Hezheng County ................................................................. 79 Talbe 4-4 Educational situation of Tanchang County from 2011 to 2015 ............................................ 79 Table 4-5 The Basic Poverty Situation of Four Dongxiang Minority Communities ............................ 81 Table 4-7 Summary Table of the Process and Result of the Consultation of Ethnic Minority Village 89 Table 5-1 Research on Preparation and social assessment stage .......................................................... 95 Table 5-2 The Public Participation in the Phase of Social assessment ................................................. 97 Table 5-3 Interview Components and Questionnaire Analysis ................................................................ 98 Table 6-1 Potential Risks of Scenic Spots ............................................................................................. 102 Table 7-1 Impact of the subproject on main stakeholders in Kongtong District ................................... 109 XII The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table 7-3 Impact of the subproject on main stakeholders in Yunya Temple in Zhuanglang County . 115 XIII The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Figure Appendix Figure 1-1 Jingchuan Luohandong village meeting County in xigou ..................................................... 7 Figure 1-2 A villagers’ forum in Kongtong Kongtong area.................................................................... 7 Figure 1-3 SSI with peddler in Guan’e Ditch ......................................................................................... 8 Figure 1-4 SSI with the residents in Yangba area ................................................................................... 8 Figure 1-5 A Muslim shopkeeper Interview in Cliff Scenic ................................................................... 8 Figure 1-6 Qiang Residents Interview in Songming Guan’e Ditch ........................................................ 8 Figure 1-7 Interview with the involuntary resettlements in Kang Yangba Scenic.................................. 9 Figure 1-8 Immigration New Residence in Kang Yangba Scenic .......................................................... 9 Figure 1-9 An interview with a poor family in Kang Yangba Scenic..................................................... 9 Figure 1-10 Impoverished rhizoma gastrodiae growers surrounding Yangba ........................................ 9 Figure 1-11 A rural women forum in Kongtong ..................................................................................... 9 Figure 1-12 Interviews with the old in Guan’e Gou Area....................................................................... 9 Figure 1-13 A interview with the Guan’e Gou administrator ............................................................... 10 Figure 1-14 A interview with Yunya Temple manage.......................................................................... 10 Figure 1-15 The participatory mapping in Xigou village of Kongtong Town ...................................... 10 Figure 1-16 The participatory mapping in Shiqiao Village of Zhuanglang County ............................. 10 Figure 1-17 Survey questionnaire ......................................................................................................... 11 Figure 1-18 Questionnaire survey ......................................................................................................... 11 Figure 1-19 The Logical Framework of Social assessment .................................................................. 11 Figure 1-20 Meeting with Kongtong Administration ........................................................................... 12 Figure 1-21 The fieldwork at Baili Grottoes Officials .......................................................................... 12 Figure 1-22 A SSI with residents in Yangba ........................................................................................ 12 Figure 1-23 Tourists questionnaire survey in Guan’e Gou scenic spot ................................................ 12 Figure 2-1 Overlooking Kongtong........................................................................................................ 18 Figure 2-2 Kongtong Mountain ............................................................................................................ 18 Figure 2-3 Dayun Temple Museum ...................................................................................................... 18 Figure 2-4 The Queen Mother Palace Grottoes in Hui Mountain ......................................................... 18 Figure 2-5 The grottos in Yunya Temple, Zhuanglang......................................................................... 19 Figure 2-6 Yunya Temple ..................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 2-7 Tea plantations in Kang County .......................................................................................... 19 Figure 2-8 Yangba scenic spot in Kang County ................................................................................... 19 Figure 2-9 Guan’e Gou ......................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 2-10 Guan’e Gou ....................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 2-11 The entrance of Songmingyan scenic spot ........................................................................ 20 XIV The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Figure 2-12 Palaeotherium fossils ........................................................................................................ 20 Figure 3-1 The CO-Management Mechanism of Luohandong Community ......................................... 70 Figure 5-1 Photos of agency interviews (upper left: Kang County; upper right: Hezheng; bottom left: Kongdong district, bottom right: Zhanglang) ........................................................................... 96 Figure 5-6 Photos of villager symposiuma (they are: Yangbazhuangke village in Kang County, Yangbayinbeizi Village in Kang County) ........................................................................................ 97 XV The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Chapter1 Background 1.1 Background to the project In recent years, China implemented a series of policies and measures such as steady growth, structure adjustment, reform acceleration, livelihood improvement, as well as risk control to promote economy transformation and development. In this context, as an open and comprehensive industry and as an important part of modern services, tourism industry is brought out from numerous industries for its distinct advantage in increasing employment and income, in promoting development of mid-west and lifting rural area out of poverty, as well as in promoting stable and rapid economic growth and improving eco-environment. The state introduced a series of policies to promote tourism development, such as Several Opinions of the State Council on Promoting Reform and Development of Tourism Industry, and Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and Maritime Silk Road. In the meantime, Gansu Provincial Government also issued a series of strong polices to leverage economy transformation and development, such as Overall Scheme on “Silk Road Economic Belt” Gansu Section, Opinions on Promoting Tourism Industry Reform and Development, Implementation Suggestions on Promotion of Establishment of Chinese Civilization Heritage Innovation Area. Under the background of support from good policies and booming development of tourism industry, proportion of output of cultural and tourism industry in the whole province’s GDP increased from 5.7% in 2005 to 10.24% in 2013. Meantime, Gansu Province actively made overall coordination and introduced various types of funding to develop cultural and tourism industry in the province. In 2004, the province applied RMB38.4 million from the World Bank to implement “World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project”, implementation of which remarkably improved involving scenic spots’ capacity in heritage protection, institutional capacity building, tourism development, spot operational management and community poverty alleviation. Implementation of the project was also a major impetus for Gansu Province to stand among domestic important tourist destination and also accumulated rich experience for the province in terms of utilization, management and operation of international capital. In light of the results from project implementation, Gansu 1 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Provincial Government would like to continue to seek for support from the World Bank and to make new exploration and innovation in heritage protection, sustainable development of tourism industry and lifting community residents out of poverty through tourism. The province applied for World Bank Financed Second Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project in 2013, when the project was included in the pipeline of the Bank for fiscal year 2016. The second project is to be implemented in 6 scenic spots including Kongtong Mountain, Baili Grottoes, Yunya Temple, Guan'e Gou, Yangba as well as Songmingyan- Palaeotherium Fossils Geopark, which are located in 6 counties /district (Kongtong, Jingchuan, Zhuanglang, Dangchang, Kang County and Hezheng) in 3 cities/prefecture (Pingliang, Longnan and Linxia), which are in southeast part of Gansu Province. A number of criteria have been used for project site selection. First, the Longdongnan Regional Strategic Planning Study for the Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Tourism Development (Longdongnan Regional Study) provided the basis to screen project sites for inclusion in the project. Second, selected sites have a complete set of planning tools to expedite implementation, including heritage conservation and development plans at both county and site level, as well as tourism development plans at both county and site level. Third, sites with higher development potentials, including attractiveness for private sector investments, job creation, and income generation for local communities, were prioritized. Based on the criteria listed above, six sites have been selected for inclusion in the project: Kongtong District: Kongtong Mountain Cluster of Historic Buildings, 5A Jinchuan County: Hundred Mile Grottoes Corridor Conservation 4A Zhuanglang County: Yunya Temple Cultural Heritage and Scenic Area, 4A Tanchang County: Guan’egou Ethnic Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation, 4A Kangxian County: Yangba Natural Heritage Conservation, 4A Hezheng County: Hua’er Traditional Music Conservation and Inheritance Program 4A The three project components described below would blend investments in sites and communities with capacity building. Component 1: Heritage Conservation and Tourism Services Improvement This component will support carrying out of site conservation and protection activities, construction, upgrading and/or rehabilitation of basic infrastructure and services facilities within project sites, consisting of, inter alia: i.) Protection and conservation of cultural and natural heritage and cultural heritage, including the carrying out of studies on Project-related activities and the design of cultural heritage preservation programs; ii.)Construction, rehabilitation and/or upgrading of tourist roads, footpaths, pedestrian bridges, and scenic lookouts, including associated equipment; 2 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II iii.) Provision and upgrading of services including water supply, drainage, wastewater collection and disposal, solid waste collection, power, and tourist signage, including associated equipment; iv.) Construction and/or rehabilitation of selected scenic areas’ administration facilities, museums, heritage and service centers, and parking space associated thereto; and v.) Implementation of mitigation measures and works for natural heritage aimed at landslides, floods, and other natural hazards; including associated equipment. Component 2: Community Basic Services Delivery This component will support construction, upgrading and/or rehabilitation of basic infrastructure, and provision of basic services to the communities within and in proximity of areas targeted by Component 1, consisting of, inter alia: (i) improvement of pavement for village access roads and lanes; (ii) provision of water supply, wastewater collection and disposal; (iii) solid waste collection and sanitation improvements; (iv) street lighting; and (v) construction of village classrooms for teaching and practicing local intangible cultural heritage. Component 3: Capacity Building for Project Sites, Institutional Strengthening, and Project Management Support This component consists of: i.) Provision of training to selected project-related staff, scenic area administrators and operators, and residents of local communities in the project sites, as appropriate, on cultural heritage conservation, natural heritage conservation, intangible cultural heritage preservation, scenic area management, tourism development strategies, and tourism products and market development. ii.) Provision of project management support and technical assistance on, inter alia: (i) design review; (ii) project management, monitoring and supervision; (iii) construction supervision; (iv) independent monitoring of the implementation of environmental and social safeguards; and (v) project reporting. iii.) Carrying out of studies on heritage preservation and the culture of local ethnic minorities. iv.) Development of a tourism information system and website to be shared by all Project Sites, and fully integrated with the province-wide Gansu E-Tourism system. 1.2 Necessity of Social Assessment Social assessment refers to evaluate and forecast the probable impact of development project on social environment. The International Convention has elaborated the necessity and significance of Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Social assessment with multi-level and multi-dimension. For example, "the Operational Guidelines of " points out that "In accordance with all related standards, each of the heritage must be evaluated systematically, including its protection status, and the status comparing with the similar heritages in domestic or overseas of the contracting states"; "Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Convention" noted " To ensure the protection, development and show of intangible cultural heritage on its territory, each contracting state shall endeavor to develop a general policy to make the intangible cultural heritage to play its due role in society, and this heritage protection should be brought into the plan work "; "Convention on Protection and Promotion of Diversity of Cultural Expressions "presented that women and different social groups, including the special circumstances and needs of minorities and indigenous peoples should be given to proper attention. All of these have indicated that the social assessment plays a crucial role in the implementation of major projects and the preliminary research work of culture and natural heritage conservation project. Phase II of the World Bank project has its project area in 6 counties (districts) of Southeast Gansu. A comprehensive and detailed understanding on local socio-economic, cultural environment, policy environment etc. is needed to conduct the project. Through field research and other methods, we got the details and information of local socio-economic, national religion, customs, plan policy and some other aspects. The interest demands of different local interest groups also need to be estimated. All these aspects need to be evaluated the social impact to determine, the results can not only provide reference for project feasibility study, but also can be used to study and predict the impact on scenic spots and the surrounding communities which caused by the implementation of World Bank projects in the future. Social assessment of project is an effective prerequisite for project implementation, as well as an effective proof for the project’s smooth implementation. 3 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II "Alleviate absolute poverty, Share Economic Prosperity" is the Twin Goals of the World Bank project in Phase II. The development mode of combining "poverty alleviation " with "tourism" needs to be implemented under the outcome of the social assessment. Only within the social assessment work, the precise poverty alleviation content and tourism development aims of each project area could be determined, and the World Bank's “Twin Goals” could be reflected from beginning to end of the project. Meanwhile, the east and southeast area of Gansu Province where the six project counties (districts) located is a rather impoverished region in China, with the densest poverty population. The region is marked by low social and economical develop level, vast and severe poverty, fragile ecological environment, frequent geological calamity, backward heritage protection and exploitation etc., To carry out social assessment, set out the local and regional characteristic project is very necessary. Therefore, as a World Bank loan project, the implementation of this project must in accordance with relevant international, national and project area laws and policies strictly, accurately grasp the relevant laws and policies, design projects scientifically and rationally, efficiently mobilize and use the funds, make the project to take root in local, help the surrounding community residents really enjoy the fruits of project development, and finally achieve the project’s "Twin Goals". 1.3 Purpose of Social assessment (1) To understand the basic socio-economic development situation of the project area, to analyze the major social factors that influence the achievement of project objectives. (2) To identify the key stakeholder groups, carry out project activities for key stakeholder groups, analyze their needs and influence, especially the poor and minorities. (3) To evaluate the potential positive and negative impacts of the project, to analyze the social risk the projects may bring. (4) To intake the related social factors attached with the achievement of the project’s objectives to the project scheme design, to propose measures to avoid or minimize the negative social impacts, and to enable the preparation of the mitigation plans (5) Premised on the heritage protection, the Scenic construction as the carrier, achieve the organic integration of tourism and heritage. Not only ensure the effective protection of cultural and natural heritage, but also promote the development of local tourism. (6) To make an organic integration of the community public interests and aspirations and heritage protection and development, promote the realization of the goal “Alleviate absolute poverty, Share Economic Prosperity”. 1.3 Significance of Social assessment (1) To ensure the investment & construction plans and projects of World Bank is more suitable for the various stakeholders in the project area, and to promote the policies, programs, projects and engineering more improved and sustainable. (2) To offer support and local condition institutional arrangement for the implementation of the project, to ensure the effectiveness of the policies, plans, projects and engineering. (3) Through the wider and more diverse community participation of the stakeholders, to make the policies, plans, programs and engineering more inclusive. The World Bank project involves all types of people in the project area, including government officials, residents, traders, tourists, local enterprises, minorities, vulnerable groups and so on. With the investigation in participatory monitoring and evaluation method among different stakeholders in project area, social assessment reflects the demands of all kinds of groups’ interest, and strives to work out an investment and construction program which meets all of the local owners’ need, to help everyone involved in the project be able to have their benefits. 4 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (4) To help ease social conflicts and build a harmonious society. For the local plan and construction process often involved the residents’ interests (such as infrastructure construction, land acquisition and relocation of area planning involved, returning farmland to forest, etc.), and some residents were not satisfied with the compensation and resettlement, which easily leads to social contradiction. Through social assessment, understand the needs of the residents in project area deeply will contribute to fully consider the probable social problems brought by the implementation of the project during the investment process of the World Bank project, to avoid the social conflicts happening. (5) To reflect the people-oriented concept and protect the interests of stakeholders. The "Alleviate absolute poverty, Share Economic Prosperity" concept of World Bank shows that people is the most important. It is for the importance of their interests to exchange and interview with the stakeholders in the project area. Locals have lived here for generations and are entitled to benefit from the local development and construction. By reflecting locals’ needs, social assessment assesses the impact on different interest groups, which matches the idea of World Bank and fully embodies the people-oriented concept. (6) To improve administrative efficiency and capacity of the government. In the process of policies formulating and implementing, policy loopholes often exists for local governments, lack of an effective monitoring mechanism, have difficulty in taking all people’s interests into account, lack of prediction of policy implementation impact. Through the data collection and public opinion polls of the project area, we got a lot of valuable information and grass-roots public opinions, depended on these to evaluated the social impact of the implementation of the World Bank project, and will help make up for the government decision-making flaws and also have important referential significance for the local government to develop policy and plans. 1.4 Task of Social assessment Through field research, participatory monitoring and evaluation, and literature research, we obtained the basic data and information for the preparation of social assessment. On the basis of data and information collation, analysis and summary, we wrote this social assessment report——"World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II ". The report seeks to comply with the relevant requirements of the "International financial organizations financed projects performance evaluation Step Guide" of World Bank and the Ministry of Finance. 1.5 Process of Social assessment Our SA team is composed of three groups and each has a team leader and three professionals. From October 1 to December 16 in 2015, the project team went to each project area 3 times. Table 1-1 reflects the detailed process. Table 1-1 The Investigation Case List of Our Project Team Research Government Community Questionnaire Area Name times seminars forums In paper On Internet Pingliang Kongtong 3 2 8 121 122 Jingchuan Baili 3 2 7 59 45 Grottoes Zhuanglang Yunya 3 1 4 99 89 Temple DangchangGuan’e 3 2 5 139 48 Ditch Kang Yangba 3 1 8 82 53 Hezheng Songming Cliff and 3 2 5 90 33 Palaeotherium Fossils Museum 5 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 1.6 The Main Factors Affecting the Achievement of Project Objectives During the social assessment phase, the main social factors include the behavior patterns of the affected people, community participation and consultation, institutional arrangements, poverty, civil land, local environment, policy system and so on. Factors that may be encountered in the implementation phase include the socio-economic conditions, income levels and lifestyles, customs of the affected population. In particular, the poverty problem of four national poverty counties, the distribution of the poor, the extent and causes of poverty, the local public compensation and job placement are the main demands of the project. Minority and Religion: Social factors needed to focus on include those applicable ethnic and religious policies, the characteristics of minority population, society, culture and other aspects; Through consultations to understand the specific requirements of minorities, to acquire the support from the vast minority communities; Propose measures to appropriate minority culture, to avoid or reduce the measures which have negative impact on the minority community and culture; Respect local religious beliefs, to gain the support of minority widely. The proposed six sub-projects, of which some subprojects involve the minorities, according to the requirements of World Bank operational policies OP 4.10, when touched the World Bank operational policies in minority policy, we need to develop a special minority development plan for these subprojects to promote the participation and development of the minority in project areas into the design and implementation activities of the project. LAR Impacts: Several subprojects in Tanchang County involve a small amount of land acquisition and resettlement. Under further consultations between the editorial team and Tanchang County, Tanchang County re-selected the project site, which avoided the risk of land acquisition and resettlement, untouched the requires 4.12 in Bank operational policies and the involuntary resettlement policy. Therefore, there is no need to prepare the Resettlement Action Plan. Social Gender: Due to the change in the structure of the rural labor force, "left-behind women, old people and children" has become the main population of the rural community ，and young adults are migrant workers. All of these factors alter the structure of the rural labor force significantly, which leads to a significant impact on social gender and traditional labor structure. Thus, social gender is an important factor the project should concern. Community Participation: World Bank emphasis on community participation. Through the implementation of the project, it is our aim to create and nurture community organizations, to increase the right to know, say and manage of the community and the poor, to promote the participation of community and vulnerable groups, and so as to lay the foundation for community sustained development. If there is no community participation in the project area, lack of community organization nurture, community public will face the situation that interest demands can not be expressed, passive acceptance of the plight of local tourism development and low public support rate, which will affect the effective implementation of the project. Therefore, we should pay attention to the public participation in the project area, and do our best to help the public benefit from the local cultural and natural heritage protection and tourism development project, thus contributing to achieve the project objectives and sustained development in the areas. 1.7 Methods of Social assessment Our SA team consists of three groups. The groups conducted research in Pingliang, Longnan City and Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture individually, the research models are basically the same. The main methods contain participatory monitoring and evaluation method(PM & E), that is combined with questionnaires, direct observation, stakeholders (including relevant government departments of local Development and Reform Bureau, Tourism Bureau, SMG Bureau, Poverty Alleviation Office, the Women's Federation , the Scenic and surrounding residents and operators, tourists, etc.) interview, the villagers (community) meeting, SSI, interviews with key figures, the social gender perspective, participatory mapping and other methods of social assessment. We made a detailed itinerary planning, contacted the local Development and Reform Commission in advance to obtain government information via the interviews we conducted with local government departments; Then enter the scenic area to get first-hand information based 6 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II on the scenic detailed investigation via the interviews, visits, or SSI with surrounding residents, business and tourists on passage or at home. 1.7.1 Direct Observation After reaching the assessment area, we observe the surroundings first, such as road conditions (km, paths or highways), forests, agricultural land, houses, locals dress, appearance and mental state. These observations can provide information about local economic conditions, so that team members can have a direct perception about the workplace. In doing participatory investigation and assessment, we observe the situation of surrounding communities. Observing the condition of the local geography, agriculture, forestry and vegetation, can deepen our perceptions of the community. 1.7.2 Village (Community) Meeting Village (community) meeting is an important means for overall community members to communicate and assist community to reach consensus and make decision. Overall PRA should start from villager congress, whose work should be informed to each family with coordination of villagers, and encourage villagers to participate in and motivate activeness in all aspects. Successively, there will be some meetings allowing coadjutants to feedback information to community, and different groups of people can share results of investigation analysis for convenience of rectification and supplement about collected information, reach community consensus in aspects like basic situation, essential problems, reasons and solutions etc., finally make the decision. Figure 1-1 Jingchuan Luohandong village meeting County in xigou Figure 1-2 A villagers’ forum in Kongtong Kongtong area 1.7.3 SSI Structured interview is a kind of mode to acquire information directly with interviewees. It is a rapid learning process, which can be used in both individual interview and group interview. According to purpose and theme of investigation, analyze possibly related factors, form secondary theme and take use of secondary theme to discuss problems in the interview. Semi-structured interview is made with some secondary themes formed in the interview process, thus endowing PRA team members with greater flexibility to further explore some problems and better understand local situation. In overall interview process, after PRA team members acquired more knowledge from theme of interview, can change secondary themes at any time and propose questions widely for convenience of reinforce further understanding about some problems they are interested in. Semi-structured interview is important channel to acquire information from illiterate and semiliterate group, which can not be replaced by structured or questionnaire interview. In the investigation process, team needs to make questionnaire investigation over residents inside and around the scenic spots. However, due to the low educational level of the majority and deficiency in understanding the world bank project, difficulty in understanding the questionnaire. As a result, the interview must be conducted successively by degrees in order to acquire information in need. 7 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Figure 1-3 SSI with peddler in Guan’e Ditch Figure 1-4 SSI with the residents in Yangba area 1.7.4 Key Staff Interview Key staff interview refers to interview with representative people related to the project. Due to specialty of Key staff’s profession and identity, more detailed local information and materials are needed. Interview with essential people can acquire more materials related to social impacts evaluation about project and explore internal information. In the investigation process over counties which the project scenic spots lie in, interview with key staff involved in social impacts evaluation about the project, and collect materials through meeting, relevant post petition, family visit etc. Key staff includes traditional community leaders (stockade village elder, leader in clansman, imam and lama etc.), teachers, doctors, village heads like village secretary, government officials, administrator and project officer in cultural and natural heritage scenic spots and so on. Social impact assessment mainly focuses on minority nationality, affected people, the poor, women, children, the old and disabled people. (1) Minority Figure 1-5 A Muslim shopkeeper Interview in Cliff Scenic Figure 1-6 Qiang Residents Interview in Songming Guan’e Ditch (2) Involuntary Resettlement 8 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Figure 1-7 Interview with the involuntary resettlements in Kang Yangba Scenic Figure 1-8 Resettlement New Residence in Kang Yangba Scenic (3) Poor Residents Figure 1-9 An interview with a poor family in Kang Yangba Scenic Figure 1-10 Impoverished rhizoma gastrodiae growers surrounding Yangba (4) Women, Children, the Old and Disabled People Figure 1-11 A rural women forum in Kongtong Figure 1-12 Interviews with the old in Guan’e Gou Area (5) Scenics Employees 9 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Figure 1-13 A interview with the Guan’e Gou administrator Figure 1-14 A interview with Yunya Temple manage 1.7.5 Social Gender Perspective Women are special group easily neglected whose status needs special attention. Among community development projects, women’s participation and cooperation is more needed. Women occupy more than 50% of the rural labor force. Their status and effect in resource use and protection is related to community development and sustainable use of resource. In order to realize the World Bank Twin Goals “Relieve Absolute Poverty and Share Economic Prosperity”, the project specially focuses on the participation of vulnerable groups in project, as well as influence after project implementation. In overall investigation process, collect materials like income, work and so on related to women from local women federation. While making individual interview, family interview, participatory observation and group discussion, pay special attention to participation and gender problem of women. 1.7.6 Participatory Mapping One of important experiences of PRA is that farmers can do much that the outside world thinks impossible. In practice, farmers indicate their ability in drawing, modeling, sequencing, grading, evaluation, making chart and analysis with better performance than expected, which is also more practical compared with that is done by outsiders. The measuring instruments used by local people usually include: ground, stone, sand, seed, fruit (for grading, classification and counting), sticks and so on. Uneducated people can draw on paper. If possible, copies of aviation pictures can be used. Drawing is not the only purpose. In the process of participating in drawing, allow local people to consider about their residential environment and develop discussion. In the process of drawing, there are often many people joining in discussing for everyone understands what to say. Participatory drawing can help evaluators understand attention and demands of the communities. Figure 1-15 The participatory mapping in Xigou village of Kongtong Town Figure 1-16 The participatory mapping in Shiqiao Village of Zhuanglang County 10 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 1.7.7 Questionnaire Investigation In order to gain detailed information to make social influence evaluation, besides team discussion, formulated investigation questionnaire including questionnaires targeting at community public in project, local officers, tourists in heritage scenic spots, there are also questionnaire targeting at administrators of scenic spots. Through questionnaire, to acquire attitudes of different stakeholders to projects, and reflect their different interests appeal, providing important reference for correct plan, content design and social evaluation of successive projects. The questionnaire survey should satisfy the following requirements: cover all subproject areas (including poverty counties) involving World Bank minority nationality policy and involuntary resettlement policy; 50% project scenic spot counties, and 20% project villages; the sampling proportion is from 15% to 50%, confirmed according to the influence ranging; more than 15% of the influenced population; the minority sampling in poverty households of poverty counties and the minority nationality counties is more than 20%; the proportion of women representatives is more than 30%. At the meantime while investigation team was collecting materials in local government institutions, they made questionnaire investigation over officers; and confirmed representative project villages and scenic spot counties through consultation with local government officers; made questionnaire investigation over local residents; through scenic sopts visit, made questionnaire investigation over managers, staff, vendors and tourists in scenic spots. Figure 1-17 Survey questionnaire Figure 1-18 Questionnaire survey 1.7.8 Logical Framework Figure 1-19 The Logical Framework of Social assessment 1.8 Selection of Survey Points 11 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II In accordance with the cooperation intention of Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the World Bank, we selected the following 6 tourist Scenics and the surrounding communities in Gansu province as the SIA border: Kongtong Mountain scenic spot in Kongtong District of Pingliang City, Baili Grottoes scenic spot in Jingchuan County, Yunya Temple scenic spot in Zhuanglang County, Yangba scenic spot in Kang County of Longnan City, Guan'e Gou scenic spot in Tanchang County, Songmingyan scenic spot and Palaeotherium Fossils Museum in Hezheng County of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. 1.9 Data Source 1.9.1 First-hand Data The SA team was divided into three groups, from October 1 to December 14 in 2015, carried out the research and evaluation of the 6 scenic spots located in 3 cities (states) respectively. We obtained first-hand data through the methods of field observation, PRA of different stakeholder groups and questionnaire interviews. Figure 1-20 Meeting with Kongtong Administration Figure 1-21 The fieldwork at Baili Grottoes Officials Figure 1-22 A SSI with residents in Yangba Figure 1-23 Tourists questionnaire survey in Guan’e Gou scenic spot 1.9.2 Secondary Data Secondary data is also an important source to understand local conditions. In the preparation phase, the team developed a detailed data collection inventory. The data contained in the list is distributed to the appropriate government departments to ensure the integrity and timeliness of all collection data. The data comes from the local Poverty Alleviation Office, the Tourism Bureau, Culture / Heritage Protection Bureau, 12 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Development and Reform Bureau, Human Resources and Social Bureau, Ethnic Religious Affairs Bureau, Women's Federation and other relevant departments. The data list is provided in Table 1-1: Table 1-1 Data Collection List of Local Governments Government Data collection list departments 1. The 13th Five-Year Development Planning of the County (District) 2. The 13th Five -Year Development Planning of tourism Development 3. The 13th Five -Year Development Planning of local key scenic spots and Reform 4. The interests of the people may be involved during planning and development. If the people have Bureau Bureau a special complaint mechanism or pathway to reflect their own interest demands or not? 5. Government policy support provided for the participation of the residents near the scenic spots 6. The solutions of local land acquisition and relocation 1. The County(District)poverty population (In 2014) 2. Per capita annual income of the poor 3. Names and population of precision poverty alleviation villages Poverty 4. The 13th Five -Year Poverty Reduction Planning Alleviation Office 5. Poverty alleviation policies 6. Poverty alleviation programs / projects 7. Supporting measures about the children, old, sick, disabled people and other vulnerable groups 1. The current status of tourism in the county (district) 2. The 13th Five -Year Planning of tourism in the county (district) 3. Tourism revenue of the county (district); Tickets’ price of the scenic spots (nearly 5 years, 2010-2014) 4. Population and households number surrounding the scenic spots 5km2 5. Agritainment types, Number of vendors and shops 6. Relevant policies and planning of scenic spots’ protection and development Tourism Office 7. Protection and development investment funds of the scenic spots ( 2010-2014, or the inputs will be undertaken) 8. Farmhouse cooperation with the government (investment & loans) 9. Status of the population involved in tourism services near the scenic spots 10. Local tourism products (tangible and intangible) 11. The form of tourism services that local residents participate in 12. Government policy support provided for the participation of the residents near the scenic spots Cultural / 1. Local natural and cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage inventory Heritage 2. The protection planning, policy, investment and projects of Natural and cultural heritage and Protection intangible cultural heritage (past 5 years) Bureau Human 1. The output population of the labor, the population and age status of male and female laborers Resources and (past five years) Social Security 2. Labor income / year (past 5 years) Bureau 1. Local ethnic and religious policies Ethnic Religious 2. The type and status of the local religions Affairs 3. Name, population, distribution and cultural practices of the minorities Women's The population of women and poor women, women / poor women annual income, poverty alleviation Federation policies for poor women in the whole county (district) 1. Planning Area of the scenic spot 2. Scenic toilets number 3. Scenic garbage bin number 4. Scenic parking lot situation Scenics 5. Scenic visitor person-time, seasonal or monthly variation regulation Management 6. Scenic tourism revenues nearly 5 years Office (Bureau) 7. Scenic passenger source situation nearly five years 8. Scenic spot fee for the protection each year 9. Scenic spot fee for the development each year 10. Government's annual fund input 13 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Government Data collection list departments 11. Scenic maximum passenger carrying capacity 12. Scenic special tourism projects and products 13. Scenic management personnel composition (quantity and gender) 14. Scenic resources and environmental protection regulations and programs 15. Scenic related development plan (including the 13th Five-Year Development Planning or Ideas), policies, programs 16. Scenic professional instructors, the number of tour guides, male to female ratio, staff sources 17. Scenic staff source, quantity and qualifications, age structure, sex, and recruit methods 18. Composition of the scenic management organizations (sector classification, management grading, classification of posts, number of staff) 19. Scenic labor sources in the construction process 20. Scenic marketing program (advertising types, combination with the travel agency, network, etc.) 1.10 Consultations with stakeholders The SIA team conducted consultations and interviews with different stakeholders during field survey. The detail of consulting can be seen in Annex 1. 14 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Chapter2 Brief Introduction of Project Area 2.1 Basic Profile of Project Area Six Cultural and Natural Heritage Scenic spots located in six counties(districts)，including Kongtong District, Jingchuan County, Zhuanglang County, Kang County, Tanchang County and Hezheng County. 2.1.1 Kongtong District Kongtong District locates in the eastern part of Gansu Province and the border of Gansu, Ningxia and Shanxi Province, which is the important ancient Silk Road city belongs to semi-arid sub-humid areas and the typical Loess Plateau hinterland in China. There are 13 townships, 3 towns, 3 sub-district offices and a demonstration area in Kongtong, which also governed 226 villages and 14 urban communities (residents’ committee). In this area, the resident population is 517200, including 253000 female people, and the population density is 286 people per square kilometers, the natural population growth rate is 6.19‰. There are 129600 minority people in Kongtong, which is about 25.67% of the total population, and the majority is Muslim. In 2014, GDP of Kongtong was 8.985 billion yuan and the per capita GDP was 21,387.54 yuan, and the first industrial added value, the second industrial added value and the third industry added value is 1.455 billion yuan, 2.331 billion yuan and 5.199 billion yuan respectively. Kongtong Mountain, is famous in Religious diversity in history, which has three religions including Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism coexisting. Because a large number of Muslim distributed in Kongtong District, Islam is important religion in local area. Kongtong has rich traditional culture including Kongtong martial arts, Kongtong paper cutting, Kongtong health culture, Kongtong paper-weaving painting, Hui Muslim calligraphy, Longdong shadow and Longdong fire etc.. 2.1.2 Jingchuan Couty Jingchuan County locates in the eastern Gansu and the border of Gansu, Shaanxi Province, which is named for it is located in the hinterland of the Jinghe river. The total Area of Jingchuan is 1409.3 km2, which contains 14 townships, one economic zone, 215 administrative villages and 1466 village groups. In 2014, household population, rural population and resident population of this county is 358700, 322900 and 283200 spectively. The female population is 172000, including poor female 23300. and the female per capita annual income is 4,000 yuan while poor female per capita annual income is 2240 yuan. In 2014, GDP is 5.104 billion yuan, and per capita GDP is 17,999 yuan according to the resident population. The first industrial added value, the secondary industry and the third industry is 1.811 billion yuan, 1.287 billion yuan and 2.006 billion yuan respectively. Wangcun Town of Jingchuan, inhabited by more than 5,000 descendants of the Jurchen Wanyan unit, is the largest "Wan Yan tribe" in China currently. 2.1.3 Zhuanglang County Zhuanglang County locates in the eastern Gansu Province and the western foot of Liupan Mountains, is one of the key counties for national poverty alleviation and development work and one of 58 destitute areas in Gansu. There are 18 townships, 1 sub-district office, 293 villages with a total population of 450100. In 2014, the county's GDP is 3.557 billion yuan, of which the first industrial added value, the secondary industry and the third industry is 1.213 billion yuan, 94.4 million yuan and 1.4 billion yuan, and those three industry ratio is 34.11：26.55：39.34. The per capita GDP according to the resident population is 9,286 yuan. Annual urban per capita disposable income and rural per capita net income is 18,752.1 yuan and 4596.9 yuan. Zhuanglang County governs Hui, Man, Tibetan, Li, Mongolia, Mamba, Buyi and Lisu, those eight minorities. Mainly Muslim totals 1368, including 704 men, 664 women, accounting for 0.25 percent of the county population. Zhuanglang County has Islam, Taoism, Buddhism and Christianity those four religions. Religious people about 29,660 people, accounting for 6.89 percent of the total population of this county. 15 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II There are seven open religious places, which include 4 mosques, a Taoist site, a Buddhist site and a Christian site. 2.1.4 Kang County Kang County locates in the southeastern of Gansu Province, and governs 21 townships, 350 villages. The resident population of Kang County is 180.3 thousand, including 74.5 thousand women. Han nationality accounts for 99.7% of the total population, and Kang also governs Hui, Man, Zhuang, Tibetan, Mongolian, Yao, Uighurs and other ethnic minorities. The urban population is 37.2 thousand, and the urbanization rate is 20.63%. Kang is rich in natural product, which has more than 172 families, 1000 species of higher plants; 100 kinds of various fungi, 570 varieties of wild medicinal materials such as rhizome gastrodiae, Eucommia. In Kang County, there are hundreds kinds of wild protection animal, more than 300 kinds of agricultural products. Besides, County Kang is known as "Chinese Walnut Village", "Chinese Organic Tea Town", "Chinese Famous Green County", and has won the Northwest China sericulture key base county and national advanced county focus on economic forest development, advanced county in edible fungus industry. Kang also is the intersection place of western nomadic civilization and Central Plains farming culture, the ancient Diqiang culture and Chinese culture, Qinlong culture and Bashu Culture. It has retained a great deal of Diqiang culture, Ancient Tea Route merchant culture, the Three Kingdoms culture, the Northern Wei Chou Chi Dynasty culture, Songjin culture, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom culture and the red culture. The five thousand history of civilization has left rich historical and cultural heritage for Kang County. 2.1.5 Tanchang County Tanchang County locates in the southern part of Gansu Province and the northwest of Longnan area. Dangchanggoverns 19 townships, 6 towns and 336 administrative villages, which has 307,000 register people in 2013, and the resident population is 271,900, including 129600 women, and the urban population is 55.9 thousand. In 2013, the county’s GDP is 172 .5 billion yuan, of which first, second and third industries were 448 million yuan, 477 million yuan and 795 million yuan respectively. The rural per capita net income is 2834.7 yuan. There are seven minorities in Tanchang County, which has total 10,432 people, accounting for 3.3% of the total county population. and Tibetans (including Qiang) has 6558 people, accounting for 62.9 percent of the minority population; Hui has 3830 people, accounting for 36.7 percent of the minority population. In Dangchang, Luren Village has 186 households, 833 people, including 90 Tibetan households, 442 people, accounting for 84.3 percent of the total population; Xinping village has 208 households, 832 people, the community residents are all Tibetans; Yuezangfu village has 125 households, 622 people, including 90 Tibetan households, 458 people, accounting for 73.6% of the total population. Tibetan residents in the project area communicate with others in Chinese in Tibetan language for internal communication commonly. Festivals and religious belief exists regional differences, such as the annual major festival temple fair in Luren Village is on lunar September 15, and in Xinping Village is on lunar July 11 and 12. Luren villagers more believe in Tibetan Buddhism and Xinping villagers more believe in Bon religion. Bon religion is characteristics religion of Qiang ethnic minority exists in territory, which has over 18,000 years history. It is not only the core of the ancient Zhang Zhung culture, but also a source of Chinese traditional Tibet ethnic culture and Tibetan Buddhism. But now the inheritors of Bon are fewer and then Bon culture is an endangered religion and national cultural heritage. The traditional culture includes Qiang and Tibetan folk, Qiang folk songs and dances (exorcism dance), Dangchangpaper cutting, embroidery, wood carving, root carving, whirligig lights and so on. Tibetan residents in Tanchang County own 0.2-0.3 mu of land per capita. The main plants contain crops of potato, corn and vegetable. The plant type is relative simple and it is a typical self-sufficiency traditional subsistence economy. They mainly rely on migrant work and forest compensation as income source. Tibetan women need to care for the elderly and children at home, and the migrant women workers only account for 1% -2% of the total women population. Generally, women have lower education level and their professional skills are also less. But in Xinping village and Yuezangfu village, some women have a higher level of embroidery, which has not been commercialized, is still mainly for home use. 2.1.6 Hezheng County 16 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Hezheng County locates in the southern part of Gansu Province, known as "Ninghe" in ancient. Total area is 960 square kilometers. The county governs 6 towns, 7 townships, 122 village committees, and the county resident population is 189.1 thousand. The female population is 93.5 thousand. Urban register population is 54.4 thousand and the rural register population is 157 thousand. The county population urbanization rate is 19.64%. Minority communities involved in Songming town in project area are Dashanzhuang Village, Cheba Village, Bianpo Village and Ketuo Village, in which Dashanzhuang has 529 households, 2709 people, including Dongxiang 2318 minority people, 468 households, accounting for 85.6% of the population; Hui minority people is in a total of 61 households, 391 people, accounting for 14.4%. Cheba Village has 468 households, 2428 people, including Dongxiang 1208 minority people, 302 households, accounting for 65% of the total population; Hui minority is in a total of 150 households, 300 people, 12.4 percent of the total population. Bianpo Village is in a total of 1812 people, 335 households, a total of 110 households and 450 people are Dongxiang minority, accounting for 33 percent of the total population; a total of 200 households and 1010 Muslim people, accounting for 55.8% of the total population. Ketuo Village is in a total of 1935 people, 389 households, a total of 298 households, 1202 Dongxiang people, accounting for 77% of the total population; a total of 50 households, 200 Muslim people, accounting for 10.3 percent of the total population. Influenced by the Islam idea "Muslims in the world are brothers", Hui and Dongxiang both belong to Muslims. Intermarriage between them are permited. They use mosque and participate in religious activities together, and have always had a harmonious relationship in history. Based on the same religious belief, they have little difference in eating habits, burial customs, marriage customs and other aspects. Marriage to each other help them live in harmony. Hui retains their native language and written language. Muslim religious personnel imam can speak the ethnic and religious language - Arabic. Dongxiang also has its own language and written language, and some scholars believe that the "small" writing (Dongxiang classic writing) is Dongxiang written language. Dongxiang and Hui are mainly engaged in agriculture and barn feeding animal husbandry. Self-sufficiency does an absolute dominant for Dongxiang and Hui people. The main crops are wheat, corn and breeding industry mainly relys on sheep breeding. Per capita arable land of Dongxiang, Hui residents of project area is less, and most young labours work outside. Hezheng county governs 5 towns, 8 townships, 1 ethnic townships: Chengguan Town, Sanhe Town, Sanshilipu Town, Majiapu Town, Maijiaji town, Liangjiasi Dongxiang Township, Chenjiaji Township, Luojiaji Township, Pujiazhuang Township, Xinying Township, Guantangou Township, Xinzhuang Township, Diaotan Township and Dalang township. County town is 100 km far from the provincial capital Lanzhou, 33 km far from the capital city of Linxia. The total population is 195000, of which 57.4% are minorities which includes Hui and Dongxiang. The county population urbanization rate is 19.64%. Hezheng county is known as "Long Green Pearl", Pi’te pear juice, Dayu and Yingbing series wines, big red garlic, fiddlehead Oolong head, Codonopsis, Chinese angelica, astragalus, fava beans, double low hybrid cole and so on, all of these have good quality and own a great fame in the domestic market and abroad. In 2014, the county realized a GDP of 1.29 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 19.4%. Thereinto, the first industry was 380 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 6.5%; the secondary industry was 280 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 46.2%; the tertiary industry was 630 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 14.5%. Industrial value added was 122 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 78 percent; investment in fixed assets was 3.74 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 40%; total retail sales of social consumer goods was 276 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 17%; the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 14,529 yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 16%; farmers per capita net income was 4,209 yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 24%. 2.2 Overview of Tourism Development in Project Areas 2.2.1 Kongtong District There are over 150 cultural relics of Yangshao, Qijia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties culture, 2 national and 25 provincial heritage conservation units, 1 state 5A-class and 2 states 3A-class tourist scenic spots, 2 Provincial Forest Park and 12 travel agencies in Kongtong District. So far 5 Tourist Attractions have been running. More than 5 million people visted Kongtong in 2014, which is up 26.01% year-on-year, and revenues of tourism reached 2.53 billion yuan in 2014, 26.06% higher than the previous year. Almost 3 17 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II million people visted Kongtong district and revenues of tourism was 1.54 billion yuan during the first half year of 2015, increased by 20.39% and 25.59% respectively. Kongtong Mountain is known as the national 5A-class scenic spot and national geopark, won the title of “the world first mountain of Taoism”, and it had a reception record more than 2.4 million visitors, reported ticket sales of 121 million RMB and tourism revenue of 265 million RMB in 2014. Figure 2-1 Overlooking Kongtong Figure 2-2 Kongtong Mountain 2.2.2 Jingchuan County Jingchuan enjoys rich tourist resources, and it is said to be the birthplace and culture birthplace of Hsi Wang Mu. 14 Buddha's ashes, the stone letters, copper boxes, gold coffin and colored glaze bottles unearthed from the underground chambers of ancient Jingchuan Dayun Temple, which were rated as national relic treasures. The South Grotto Temple and the Queen Mother Palace Grottoes were listed as national emphasis cultural relic units, the Queen Mother Palace - Dayun Temple, Tianjiagou Ecological Scenic Area were named as national 4A-level traveling scenic spot, and Jingchuan Baili Grottoes Corridor which selected by World Bank Projects has not yet fully developed. Figure 2-3 Dayun Temple Museum Figure 2-4 The Queen Mother Palace Grottoes in Hui Mountain 2.2.3 Zhuanglang County Zhuanglang County has a long history, profound culture, is the birthplace of Chinese national culture, the the necessary passing place of ancient "Silk Road", within which found more than 400 Paleolithic and Neolithic cultural sites, more than 6,800 pieces of ancient relics of past dynasties. Zhuanglanghe has favorable conditions for the development of tourism, the national 4A level scenic spots Yunya Temple, Guanshan Tianchi of Chaonaqiu, Northern Wei Grottoes of Chenjiadong, the Millennium Taoist Temple 18 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Zijingshan and other human ecological landscapes are in the territory, to create two tourism brand of “Chinese First Terraces County” and “Silk Pearl Yunya Temple”. The amount of annual tourists of Yunya Temple is 42,700 / person-time, and annual ticket sales is 1.28 million yuan in 2014. Figure 2-5 The grottos in Yunya Temple, Zhuanglang Figure 2-6 Yunya Temple 2.2.4 Kang County Yangba eco-tourism scenic spot locates in Yangba Town, about 80 kilometres far from Kang County in Gansu province, the total area of scenic spot is 504.93 square kilometres. The area is known for its warm climate and beautiful scenery, and possesses some 40 national rare and valuable tree species, such as Taxus Chinensis, Camphor tree, Pinus bungeana Zucc etc. and 36 national rare animals such as Phinopithecus roxellanae, asian golden cat, Andrias davidianus etc., and more than 200 landscapes, forest coverage over 70% ranking first in the province. It is renowned as “the Best Livable Tourism Destination in China”. Yangba eco-tourism scenic spot. Especially, the ancient primitive forest which accounts for two-thirds area of Southern Kang, Yangba tea garden scenery, magic and beautiful Meiyuan ditch etc., which are representative as “Xishuangbanna in Gansu” and “the World Famous Tea Town”. Figure 2-7 Tea plantations in Kang County Figure 2-8 Yangba scenic spot in Kang County 2.2.5 Tanchang County There are 144 valuable scenic spots in Tanchang County, including 101 natural landscapes and 43 human landscapes, in which the most famous scenic spots are Guan’e Gou, Hadapu, Niutou Temple, Nanhe ditch, Daheba ditch, Bali grassland, Gang ditch, Lion Geyser and so on. Tanchang County has been appraised successively as “China green county”, “the best cultural and ecological tourism destination in China” , “China low-carbon tourism demonstration county” and “China Classic red tourism resort” by related government 19 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II industry associations. Tourists and revenues from tourism reached 1.168 million persons and 700 million RMB in Tanchang County in 2014 respectively, increased by 24.2% and 37.25% respectively, and the share of revenues from tourism in the County’s GDP was 35%; in which Guan’e Gou scenic spot, is rated as national 4A-level scenic spot, national forest park and national geological park, had a record of 680,000 visitors, ticket sales is 2.1 million RMB and tourism revenue is 2.6 million RMB in 2014. Figure 2-9 Guan’e Gou Figure 2-10 Guan’e Gou 2.2.6 Hezheng County Hezheng County government has seted the goal of “Fossil Kingdom and Green Hezheng”, and now is making full use of the favorable conditions such as various media and tourism festivals to create three tourism brands – “Fossils, Hua’er, Songmingyan”, strengthen publicity of the senic spots. The most famous tourist attractions in Hezheng include Songmingyan – National 4A famous scenic sites, Hezheng Museum of Palaeotherium Fossil, Tiegou scenic spot, Sanchagou scenic spot, Liumeitan scenic spot, Nanyang mountain forest park, Dizhu mountain park, Qingxu Taoist Temple, etc., and “Hua’er Festival” is held in Songmingyan scenic spot every year. Huaxi Summer Palace Holiday Hotel, the first hotel admitted the three-star title in Hezheng, Yunhaixianting Holiday Hotel and Songmingyan Holiday Village were built in Songmingyan scenic spot through the investment of 30 million, 80 million and 102 million RMB respectively. At present, there are 2 three-star tourist hotel, 16 starred agritainments and more than 100 ordinary hotels, restaurants and agritainments in the county. The tourism service and reception capacity continue to be improved and enhanced. Figure 2-11 The entrance of Songmingyan scenic spot Figure 2-12 Palaeotherium fossils 20 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 2.3 Poverty Situation & Overall Analysis of the Necessities of Poverty Alleviation and Development in Project Area The target of World Bank loan Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project is to "Alleviate Absolute Poverty, Share Economic Prosperity". The goal proposed not only in Gansu practical, but also make the cultural and natural heritage protection and development project identify the strategic positioning on the basis of, "People-oriented", that is development of "scenicspots" and "communities" are intrinsically linked. Although Chinese economic development is very fast, it has become the world's second largest economy, but still a lot of poor people in China. According to official disclosure, there are still 70 million poor people in current China. According to the latest dividing standard of the national "poverty line" (annual per capita net income of 3,000 yuan), poverty-stricken population below the poverty line in Gansu Province has reached about 12 million. If calculated in accordance with the sixth national census data released in November 2010, the number of poor resident population of current Gansu Province accounts for about 46.92% of the total resident population. Thus, the “Twin Goals” of World Bank Loan Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project is to give priority to human development. The development of the project is to serve the people. 2.3.1 Relationship Between World Bank "Twin Goals" and Scenic Development The goal of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II is "Alleviate Absolute Poverty, Share Economic Prosperity". Visibly, although the construction contents of the project are based on cultural and natural heritage protection and development, the goal of the project span the "scenic" own needs. The project aims at poverty communities in the area, which the World Bank stressed that the protection and development of "scenic spot " must take the poor communities in or surrounding the scenic spots into consideration first. Only we solved the problem of poverty in the communities, can the goals of scenic spot’s sustainable development be able to achieve. Otherwise, community poverty will threat scenic development. For example, community residents are the main part of DangchangGuane Gou forest protection. If the communities disforest the local areas because of energy source poverty, the scenic landscape would be damaged and the development of scenic spots would be threatened. Therefore, the “Twin Goals” is the core to solve the coordinated development between scenic spots and communities. No "Twin Goals", no coordinated development between scenic spots and communities. 2.3.2 Relationship Between World Bank "Twin Goals" and Community Development The project implementation area of “World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II” is distributed in poor areas of Gansu Province. Kongtong Mountain, Baili Grottos and Yunya Temple locate in Pingliang City, which belongs to the eastern part of Gansu where distributes many poor communities. Poor counties accounted for 66.7% of the area; Songming Yan scenic is located near Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture which is a national poverty area of Gansu Province. Poor counties accounted for 100%. Guan’e Gou area in Dangchangand Yangba area in Kang County are located in Longnan mountainous area, and poor counties accounted for 100%. Therefore, the implementation area of “World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II” has a high incidence of poverty. To achieve the World Bank's "Twin Goals" in such a region, community participation mechanisms must be conducted. But the supporter of community participation is community-based organizations. Through building series of capacity-building in existing or newly-created community organizations can improve the overall capacity of community organizations, which include institution building, team building, financial management and project management training. Thus community organization could be developed as a platform for the community participation. Then the way can lead the public to participate in community project implementation, policy development, development planning marking. Also help people have an order consultation with government departments to resolve land acquisition, demolition, immigration and other issues that may face and defuse the potential conflicts and contradictions during project implementation. Therefore, the lack of community participation means the lack 21 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II of community development. Without community development，we can not achieve the World Bank "Twin Goals". Community development is the cornerstone to achieve “Twin Goals” of the project. Poverty alleviation and prosperity is the core concept of this project, the infrastructure construction and the protection of cultural and natural heritage scenic must give priority to community development. 2.3.3 Highly Consistent Between “Twin Goals" and China's Poverty Alleviation Policy Gansu Province is implementing the "Precise Povert Alleviation" project and has developed "Suggestions about solid promote the precise poverty alleviation work " (June 8, 2015). The paper pointed out that from 2015 to 2020, according to the phase arrangement of “the previous three years focused on tackling and three years after focused on consolidation and improvement “, grip the core of increasing the income of the general poor public, to ensure that per capita disposable income growth of poverty alleviation target is higher than provincial average, and promote a comprehensive process between poverty alleviation and building well-off society synchronously. The previous three years focused on tackling, the poverty population should be stably be reduced more than 1 million each year.To the end of 2017, per capita disposable income of rural residents would reach over 7,000 yuan in poor areas, including per capita disposable income of poverty alleviation target people which would reach over 4,000 yuan; the basic production and living condition would be improved significantly, basic public services and social security would be improved significantly; Three years after focused on consolidation and improvement, production and living condition in poor areas will be further improved till 2020. Stably achieve the aim "two of no worry, three guarantees", and then can eliminate absolute poverty and all poverty-stricken counties will out of poverty; the main monitoring indicators of rural Well-off will be basically completed, and strenuously built a comprehensive well-off society with the country. Meanwhile, Gansu Province has developed specific poverty alleviation programs namely "Gansu Province ‘1 + 17’ precision poverty alleviation programs". 1 is the goal referred in “Suggestions about solid promote the precise poverty alleviation work " which is complete a fully national goal of a well-off society. “17 “refers to the 17 supporting programs. Therefore, if highly summarizes the "precise poverty alleviation" goals, those would be the World Bank "Twin Goals". "Twin Goals" and policy of "precise poverty alleviation"are highly consistent, which lay the legal and policy foundation for the implementation of the project. 2.3.4 Overall Poverty Situation of Each Project Area According to figures released by Gansu Poverty Reduction Office, Gansu province had 4.17 million poverty population in 2014, including 1.4697 million poverty population in the three cities (prefecture) where the World Bank project will be implemented, accounting for 23.68% of the region's rural population. In addition, the rural population in the six scenic spots located in 6 counties (districts) amount to 3.1986 million, including 707,000 poverty people, the poverty rate was 23.07% (see table 2-1). There are 30 rural communities in the 6 scenic spots. The farmer households in the 30 rural communities total 6,690 with population of 32,019, of whom poverty households amount to 1,860 with population 7,381. The poverty incidence rate is as high as 23%. According to China's poverty reduction strategy, to make farmers' per capita disposable income growth rate in the poverty region be higher than the national average by 2020, ensure that rural poverty population is out of poverty based on current poverty line, all poverty counties should resolve regional poverty as a whole. Hence, all poverty population in poverty counties are supposed to be out of poverty by 2020 when the proposed World Bank project is terminated. According to our conservative estimation, the World Bank project will directly affect 7,381 poverty population in 30 project communities to be out of poverty, and indirectly affect 110,715 poverty population to be out of poverty by 2020, which will contribute 15.66% to poverty reduction in east and southeast part of Gansu province. Table 2-1 The poverty status in the project area Administration Rural Poverty Poverty Project area Rural Poverty Poverty area Population population incidence Population population incidence 22 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II ('10,000) ('10,000) rate ('10,000) ('10,000) rate （%） （%） Pingliang city 194.48 40.60 20.87 Kongtong 32.86 3.38 10.30 Jingchuan 32.04 4.85 15.15 Zhuanglang 41.52 11.11 26.75 Subtotal 106.42 19.34 17.4 Longnan city 247.25 64.37 26.04 Kangxian 17.23 4.82 28.00 Dangchang 28.36 9.32 32.87 Subtotal 45.59 14.14 30.44 Linxia Hui 174.13 42.00 24.12 Hezheng 15.84 3.74 23.64 Autonomous Prefecture Total 615.86 146.97 23.68 Total 319.86 70.7 23.07 2.3.4.1 Kongtong District Kongtong District governs 13 townships, 3 towns, 3 subdistrict offices and a demonstration area. There are 226 villages and 14 urban communities (residents’ committee). The region's total land area is 1808.84 square kilometers; the region's resident population is 470.8 thousand, with a big poor population and a large poverty area. So far, there are 25.9 thousand people in poverty with the poverty rate of 7.9%. Mostly poor population is concentrated in South Mountain-- North Highland poverty belt and minority villages. Kongtong has a large minority population rate, where the production is low and living conditions are poor. Minority population is mainly distributed in South Mountain with the cold and humid forest edge Strip and the gully areas of Northern Mountain Plateau, which have poor fundamental conditions and slow industry starting. People's life is extremely difficult. The total of townships of Hui is 7, pure Muslim villages number is 71, and Hui population is 97 thousand, accounting for 30% of the total agricultural population. 65 Hui villages belong to the provincial major poverty alleviation villages, accounting for 53% of the whole major poverty alleviation villages of the District. In addition, poverty alleviation in Kongtong is very difficult. To the end of 2014, the region still has 105 poor villages. Most of them are remote villages with weak economic foundation, poor production and living conditions, poor infrastructure and lagging social undertakings development. 2.3.4.2 Jingchuan County Located in the concentrated destitute areas of national Liupan Mountain, Jingchuan County is one of the provincial 58 key counties for poverty alleviation. At the end of 2014, Jingchuan County has 358.7 thousand people, 111900 households, 322.9 thousand agricultural people and 35.8 thousand non-agricultural people, the agricultural population accounting for 90 percent. The natural talent of Jingchuan is poor where ravines can be found everywhere and the natural disasters almost occur every year in varying degrees, making it difficult to develop economy. The county totally has four exceptional poor belt parts (Heiliang River watershed, Red River watershed, Jingrui river mountain and north arid plateau area), 91 poor villages, 48.1 thousand poor people, and the poverty rate is 15.4%. In 2014, the county's GDP was 5.104 billion yuan, 23 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II including 2.648 billion yuan of agricultural GDP, but agricultural output value proportion is too big; Annual per capita disposable income in urban is 17,158.2 yuan and rural per capita net income is 5480.33 yuan only. 2.3.4.3 Zhuanglang County Zhuanglang County locates in the western foot of Liupan Mountain and east of Gansu Province, with a total area of 1553.14 square kilometers. It has 5 towns, 13 townships, 450.7 thousand people, including 411.4 thousand agricultural people accounting for 91.3 percent. Zhanglang is one of the the provincial 18 drought poor counties and the 43 key counties of national poverty alleviation development. Currently, the county has a poverty population of 108.5 thousand, accounting for 26.3% of the agricultural population and 24% of the county's total population, the poverty incidence rate is 26%. Harsh natural condition is the main cause of poverty. Poverty alleviation working focus on the northern arid mountain area and the cold humid area of Guanshan, these area districts are remote, inaccessible, information blocking, hydropenic. Even some places lack the basic production and living condition. 2.3.4.4 Kang County Kang County has a jurisdiction over 14 towns, 7 townships, 350 administrative villages. Its area is 2958.46 square kilometers, with a total population of 203.2 thousand. Kang County has a weak economic base, and infrastructure is poor. There are currently 48.9 thousand poor people in Kang County, with the poverty rate of 28.4%. In 2014, Kang has its poverty reduction target of 145 poor villages, 16,562 poor households. 28,800 poor people of 14 towns and 128 villages were regarded as the key poverty alleviation objects, including three destitute areas (Douping ,Yangba, Dianzi). In 2014, total livelihood expenditure is 1.099 billion yuan, occupying the proportion up to 86.2% of total fiscal expenditure. 2.3.4.5 Tanchang County The area of Tanchang County is 3331 square kilometers, and it governs 6 towns, 19 townships, 336 administrative villages with a total population of 308 thousand people, 430 thousand mu of arable land, of which agricultural population is 289 thousand, accounting for 93.85% of the total number of people. It is an agriculture predominant poverty county at the national poverty counties column. Up to now, the county has 182 poor villages, mainly divided into 5 poor belts area (Lichuan area, Xinzhai area, Xinchengzi Tibetan inhabited area, Nanyang area and Chela area), and has a poverty population of 93.4 thousand with a poverty rate of 32.9%. Because of its harsh natural conditions, poor people has poor living environment and low economy level. It is difficult to maintain the results of satisfaction of food and clothing need, and it has a higher rate of poverty returning. 2.3.4.6 Hezheng County Hezheng County administers 5 towns, 8 townships, 1 ethnic township, with a total area of 960 square kilometers. The overall strength is not strong and the level of development is not high. So it is still in the stage of building solid foundation and accelerating the development level. The county’s econom ic gross is few, with its GDP in 2014 accounting for 6.99 percent of the state, and per capita GDP is lower than the national, provincial, state average level. Because infrastructure construction is lagging behind, the ability of social public service and social security is low. It is a place of which the urgent need is to improve the basic production and living conditions. So the poverty task is arduous. Currently, Hezheng County has occurred six destitute areas, 56 poor villages, 8276 poor households, 35700 poor people, and the poverty rate is 22.5%. 2.3.5 Community Poverty Situation in Project Area 2.3.5.1 Pingliang Kongtong Project Area Pingliang Kongtong scenic spot has a total of five surrounding communities, namely Jiaju Village, Xigou Village, Qihe village, Zhonghe village and Gaoling Village. (1) Jiaju Village 24 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Jiaju Village locates in east of Kongtong Mountain. There are a total of 86 households, 306 people, including 51 households and 190 poor people. The survey found that many houses have been abandoned in the village. So that weeds overgrown around the houses and left a barren scene. Villagers live in dilapidated houses and have the poultry free in backyard, where the sanitary conditions are very bad. Originally, there were 87 households in this village, now only remains 32. Fewer people but more ground. coupled with aging problem, young migrant workers work outside, labor shortage is serious, and difficulties in agriculture, culture development is obvious. (2) Zhonghe Village The village locates in west of Kongtong Mountain. There are five communities ( Zhonghe community, Dazhuang community, Renxin Gou community, Wuzhiyao community, Jiedao Gou community), with a total population of 99 households and 363 people, including 6 households and 28 poor people. Wuzhiyao community and Jiedao Gou community are uninhabited now. Fewer people and more ground in Zhonghe village because of the shortage of labor. So that arable land is uncultivated. Because of the lack of planting and breeding skills, agricultural residents’ income is low. (3) Qihe Village Qihe village locates near the deepest of Kongtong Mountain and distances Kongtong senic spot entrance about 70 km, adjacent to Ningxia Jingyuan County. The village has four communities, of which 8 households in Qijia Shan, 2 households in Hegou, 2 households in Nanya. Poor families are left behind on the mountains because they are unable to buy a house at the foot of the mountain. Other residents have been relocated to the foot of the mountain. The community transport facilities are scarce, left behind poor families are more, and the human and financial resources for agricultural development is insufficient. (4) Xigou Village Xigou Village locates in north of Kongtong Mountain with four communities, respectively are Dongdui, Xidui, Madi Gou and Miaozhuang. The total population is 235 households and 1024 people, of which there are 32 households and 97 poor people. Xigou and Xidui villagers have no arable land and some of the villagers work for others or make business around the scenic for a living with low income, and most of the villagers are unemployed. With the help of government "beautiful countryside" campaign, the villagers have moved into the neat little courtyards. But the space is small so that there is no space to store tools. (5) Gaoling Village Households in Gaoling village mainly scattered on both sides of the scenic spots road. There are 111 households with 9 poor households. Compared with the other communities in Kongtong District, infrastructure in Gaoling village is perfect. However, since no public transportation in the area, the residents’ travel is still not convenient. Most of the villagers have been living at the foot of the mountain, and the left behind in village is the poor households. Village basic situation are shown as Table 2-1, 2-2. Table 2-1 The Basic Community Conditions Surrounding Kongtong Mountain Project Area Unit: household / person / mu / t / 10 thousand yuan Disabled population The number of poor Above 60 years old Under 15 years old The per capita net Number of people income last year / Poor households Low Households Lowest Social Farm tourism Village Name Households Security people yuan Qihe 83 224 50 131 58 20 7 3534 22 54 - Village Zhonghe 99 363 60 128 103 28 4 3630 24 66 - Village 25 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Disabled population The number of poor Above 60 years old Under 15 years old The per capita net Number of people income last year / Poor households Low Households Lowest Social Farm tourism Village Name Households Security people yuan Gaoling 111 461 50 134 86 72 10 4959 72 158 - Village Jiajv 86 306 51 190 79 35 16 3714 19 58 - Village Xigou Village 235 1024 32 97 147 215 19 5920 22 64 5 Table 2-2 Basic Agricultural Conditions of Communities Surrounding Kongtong Mountain Project Area Unit: mu / t Zhonghe Gaoling Village Village Village Village Village Village Xigou Name Jiaju Qihe Cereal Area 2748 2645 2683 2636 2972 crop Yield 547.8 526.7 540 530 665.3 Area 317 252 291 244 474 Beans Yield 252 291 20 17 33 Area 300 300 400 300 300 Tubers Yield 57 69 83 56 93 Crop Area 400 500 400 400 400 Oil species Yield 52 65 53 51 56 Area 610 620 590 490 1160 Vegetables Yield 610 620 590 490 1160 Medicinal Area 10 20 20 20 30 materials Yield 3 8 8 8 12 Area 266 356 363 200 0 Others Yield 266 356 363 200 0 Cow 489 496 740 637 524 Horse - - 28 2 - Donkey 23 35 28 38 - Breeding Mule 5 16 16 15 - Quantity Pig 102 108 180 150 109 Sheep 265 281 415 359 271 Poultry 1072 1169 1938 1611 1187 26 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 2.3.5.2 Jingchuan Baili Grottoes Project Area Jingchuan Baili grottoes project area has the total five communities. They are Luohandong Village, Wanyan Village, Yanfeng Village, Tianchi Village and Gongchi Village. (1) Luohandong Village Luohandong Village locates on the foot of Baili Grottoes, a total of 6 communities, 398 households and 1512 people. The source of local household income main is out-migrating for work, planting greenhouse vegetables and farming. Family livelihood is quite difficult, mainly due to less arable area. Every people has 0.8 mu land in average, income of each about 350 yuan per mu, and that of greenhouses is about 5,000 yuan a year. It is difficulty for farmers to work outside , so annual household income is less than 20,000 yuan. Scenic has little benefit to locals’ life, but through visiting, we found that local women are very concerned about the development of the scenic, willing to engage scenic work and increase family income. (2) Wanyan Village Wanyan Village is the only one Jurchen descendants gathering area retains the clan name Wan, 95% residents’ surname is ‘Wan’ in the village of 460 households and 2284 people. The Community infrastructure, living conditions and the like are better than Luohandong Village`. Communities have been carried out within the overall unity of construction and consistent style. The main reason restricting the community development is the fewer tourists, which can not promote the development of community services. (3) Tianchi Village Tianchi Village locates on the hilltop of Wangmu Palace scenic，is an hour's drive away from the entrance of Wangmu Gong. Community public are not closely contact with Wangmu Palace scenic, but closely contact with the new ski scenic within the range of communities. Young adults in community mainly do work for others, the elderly at home plant wheat, corn, watermelons, apples and other crops. But in 2015 due to the hail and other natural disasters, crops yield and proceed were bad. The main reasons restricting the community development are fewer tourists, lacking of labor and so on. (4) Yanfeng Village Yanfeng Village as the community nearest to Wangmu Palace scenic, has geographical advantage to develop service. However, due to fewer employment opportunities within the scenic area, imperfect service facilities surrounding etc., the number of community public participation in scene development is rarely, and community families working out as the main source of income. The main reason restricting the development of the local community is that jobs and other service development opportunities can not be provided in local. (5) Gongchi Village Gongchi Village locates near Dayun Temple and the Museum. The project investment in this region is for the new museum building. Gongchi Village has better conditions than other communities, and is nearer to the driveway, houses have also been repaired. But the infrastructure of the community is inadequate, lack of waste disposal plant, public toilet, sewage engineering, etc. Overall poor sanitation affects the lives of residents, also have a negative impact on the scenic surrounding environment and the image. Basic situations of each village are shown in Table 2-3 and 2-4. Table 2-3 Basic Community Situation Surrounding Baili Grottoes Unit: household / person / mu / t / million yuan 27 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Above 60 years old Under 15 years old The per capita net Number of people income last year / Poor households Low Households The number of Lowest Social Farm tourism Village Name Households poor people population Disabled Security yuan Luohandong 398 1537 159 615 264 270 58 4862 48 97 - Village Wanyan 476 2124 262 1002 423 373 48 4174 73 123 2 Village Yanfeng 345 1604 52 262 249 321 32 5291 86 101 2 Village Gongchi 540 2508 112 505 325 579 64 5626.7 277 596 0 Village Tianchi 251 1108 26 107 166 203 29 4788 56 90 1 Village Table 2-4 Basic Agricultural Conditions of Communities Surrounding Baili Grottoes Scenic Spot Unit: mu / t Village Luohandong Wanyan Yanfeng Gongchi Tianchi Village Name Village Village Village Village Cereal Area 50 360 35 23 25 crop Yield - 70 - - - Area 210 90 35 25 26 Beans Yield - 18 - - - Area 50 110 25 22 24 Tubers Yield - 50 - - - Crop Area 248 20 69 22 26 species Oil Yield - 5 - - - Area 80 120 465 55 25 Vegetables Yield - 20 - - - Medicinal Area 30 0 25 8 65 materials Yield - 0 - - - Area - 30 212 321 2100 Others Yield - 9 - - - Cow 48 171 0 6 12 Horse - 0 5 0 0 Donkey - 0 0 0 0 Breeding Mule - 0 0 0 0 Quantity Pig 98 210 400 20 200 Sheep 265 210 10 0 10 Poultry 3000 256 420 240 400 28 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 2.3.5.3 Zhuanglang Yunya Temple Project Area Two communities are near Zhuanglang Yunya Temple. They are Shiqiao Village and Guoman Village. (1) Shiqiao Village Shiqiao Village is the nearest village to Yunya Temple. It is adjacent to Guoman Village, with a total population of 211 households, 1022 people. Community residents are generally poor with little arable land. Household income mainly relies on migrant work, agriculture and wild herbs and medicinal materials pluck on the mountains in summer. In July 2015, the provincial cadres went to the countryside towns and villages to do accurate poverty reduction, whose primarily responsibility was to support the development of Shiqiao Village, promot common prosperity of local community residents and encourage scientific planting and breeding for local people. Local precise poverty alleviation is 111 households. Carried out the project and gave loan support for poor households, mainly is the "1 + 17" program for local community poverty alleviation. Most of local residents’ education level is below high school education. Because of family difficulties, the existing problem of older singles is seriously, The life lack of motive power. The main livelihood source depends on government subsistence allowances, and the inert and small-peasant thought is serious. Local community has set up firms already, including potato association, nursery association, Guanshan Chinese medical materials planting and seeking cooperations, electricity suppliers and other civil society organizations. All these have a great stimulating effect on farming and breeding industry local people engaged in. Since it is just the beginning, people lock of experience and financial support, Shiqiao Village is constructing Hua River Reservoir currently, it plays a leading role of the local community development. (2) Guoman Village Guoman Village is also the nearest village to Yunya Temple, with a total population of 6 communities, 197 households, 857 people. Community residents are generally poor with little arable land. Household income mainly relies on migrant work, and wild herbs and medicinal materials pluck on the mountains in summer. 4 communities of the residents belong to a resettlement village, with a total population of 35 households and 198 people., the residents of which were mainly from Yanchangzi in scenic spot. In 2000, the government unified planning and placement them. Because of no arable land, the lack of livelihood work restoration, the local community residents are living a difficult life. Local communities’ families are more formed of older singles, the number of elderly people is increasing, and some people’s lives rely on government subsidies. Basic situations of villages were shown in Table 2-5 and Table 2-6. Table 2-5 Basic Community Conditions Surrounding Yunya Temple Unit: household / person / mu / t / 10000 yuan Above 60 years old Under 15 years old The per capita net Number of people income last year / Poor households Low Households The number of Lowest Social Farm tourism Village Name Households poor people population Disabled Security yuan Shiqiao 211 1022 111 473 420 240 7 2390 111 473 1 Village Guoman 197 857 86 317 360 410 2 2110 86 317 - Village Table 2-6 Basic Agricultural Conditions of Communities Surrounding Yunya Temple Unit: mu / t 29 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Village Name Shiqiao Village Guoman Village Area 403 380 Cereal crop Yield 0.1612 0.152 Area - - Beans Yield - - Area - - Tubers Yield - - Area - - Planting Oil Species Yield - - Area 130 170 Vegetables Yield 0.052 0.068 Area 100 41 Medicinal materials Yield 0.04 0.0164 Area - - Others Yield - - 2.3.5.4 Kang Yangba Project Area There are 4 communities surrounding Kang Yangba. They are Laojiang Ba Village, Zhuangke Village, Liujia Ba Village and Yinba Zi Village. (1) Laojiang Ba Village Laojiang Ba locates at the entrance for ticket checking of Yangba scenic spot. The village has three communities, scattered along the scenic highway. Communities people mainly plant rhizome gastrodiae and tea. Because of high yield and price, gastrodia is the main source of their income. However, due to the need of disafforestation to plant gastrodia, the scenic environment is seriously damaged, local government does not support the villagers to plant gastrodia. However, there is no substitute for gastrodia as a major source of economic crops, local villagers have no money and technology for large-scale medicinal materials cultivation and chickens raising, opening tea factories and so on. (2) Zhuangke Village Zhangke Village locates in Yangba senic area. It contains two natural rural communities, with a total of 55 households, 208 people, including 13 especially poor households with 35 people. The main income for villagers comes from planting rhizome gastrodiae, tea and bee-keeping. The village farmers total plant 220 mu of tea and have a good harvest but with low price, so the tea economic efficiency is not high. All 55 households in the village are planting gastrodiae, with a yield about 500 kilograms per household per year. The gastrodiae planting needs a large investment, but the income is low. There are 33 households do beekeeping themselves and local honey has good economic return. In recent years, under the support of the government double-action policy, farmers tried to grow 200 mu of taro, but only 50% of the expected crop has been achieved. In 2014, the villagers have a per capita income of 2,300 yuan. Located inside of Yangba area, Dazhuangke village has many wild medicinal materials and vegetables. While the farmers are far from the market and the traffic is not convenient, so that the agricultural products sales is not convenient. Zhangke Village is a non-poor village which is not the precise poverty alleviation village of government projects. Without external economic resources and government poverty alleviation object support, there are 13 households in the village belong to particular poor households. They have no financial resources and lack of funds for planting and breeding. 30 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (3) Liujia Ba Village Liujia Ba Village locates in Kang Yangba scenic spot and east of Zhangke Village. has a total of 30 households, 126 people, and the resident population is less than 100, including 4 disabled people, 4 5-guarantees households. Through organizing village meetings and observing directly, the SA team found that village traffic condition is poor. Though the roads have been hardened, about 2 kilometers of the road has been severely damaged after the flood in 2013 and has not been repaired till now. The road is narrow that two cars meeting will have significant difficulties. There is no school, clinic and shops in village, so that the villagers’ basic life can not be guaranteed, requires to draw support from the resources of Yangba Town. The basic income source for the villagers is planting rhizome gastrodiae and tea, and the planting area is small. In breeding, they mainly rely on beekeeping, which is located in the deep mountains so that crops, honey market is limited, resulting in villagers' meager income and yet a small number of farmers have not be out of poverty. (4) Yinbazi Village The project involves the constructions of specimen hall, tourist service center and parking lot in Yinba Zi Village. The village has a relative better condition compared with the surrounding communities of Yangba scenic spot. The community landscape is designed more beautiful with consistency planning neat houses. The main factor restricting the community development is the single income source, the villagers mainly plant gastrodia and work outside. Although the community has total tea plantations of 1000 mu, as there is no tea factory nearby and no tea trader comes into the village for sales, the tea plantations of community almost have no economic benefit. Since the year of 2003, it has been in a state of "no picking, no acquisition". Villages’ basic situation was shown in Table 2-7 and Table 2-8. Table 2-7 Basic Community Conditions Surrounding Yangba Scenic Spot Unit: household / person / mu / t / million yuan Disabled population The number of poor Above 60 years old Under 15 years old The per capita net Number of people income last year / Poor households Low Households Lowest Social Farm tourism Village Name Households Security people yuan Yinba Zi 83 280 10 30 112 100 - 2830 10 30 2 Village Laojiang 58 214 10 40 21 33 5 2200 13 42 - Ba Village Zhangke 55 208 13 35 25 45 5 2300 13 35 1 Village Liujia Ba 30 126 22 92 11 24 6 2380 5 13 0 Village Table 2-8 Basic Agricultural Conditions of Communities Surrounding Yangba Scenic Spot Unit: mu / t Village Laojiang Ba Zhangke Yinba Zi Village Liujia Ba Village Name Village Village Area 1000 810 300 52.5 Planting Tea Yield - 1.215 - 7.875 species Gastrodiae Area - 12 120 30 31 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Village Laojiang Ba Zhangke Yinba Zi Village Liujia Ba Village Name Village Village Yield - 0.6 0.5 45 Area - - 200 300 Taro Yield - - - - Area - - 10 - Medicinal materials Yield - - 3 - Area - - 266 - Others Yield - - 266 - Culture Local Bee - - 33 - 2.3.5.5 Guan’e Gou Project Area, Tanchang County There are four Guan’e Gou project villages in Chengguan Town of Tanchang County, including Luren Village, Lijie Village, Washeping Village and Guan’e Village. Among those villages, Luren Village is inhabited by Qiang and Tibetan ethnic minority. The projects mainly relate to minority development planning, drainage engineering and pedal house renovation project. The projects of Guan’e Village mainly relate to the construction of plant breeding base and drainage engineering, and the rest two villages are mainly related to drainage project. The four villages of E’man Gou project area locate in Xinchneng Zi Tibetan township of Tanchang County including Xinping Village, Yuezangfu Village, Dahe Ba Village and Xinchengzi Village. Among those villages, Xinping and Yuezangfu are both Tibetan-based minority villages, where the project mainly related to minority development planning, drainage engineer and cultural museum construction. Dahe Ba involves drainage projects, Xinchengzi Village involves drainage, entrance servicing area and bridge construction project. After the field research on eight villages, the team found that they have the following common poverty phenomenon: (1) After Returning Farmland To Forests, Landless, Tight Grain Ration, Difficult Life In order to promote the development of local tourism and the protection of ecological environment, in the two years around 2008, the government carried out the "Returning Farmland to Forests" project in the eight villages, which required all residents to return all of their cultivated land in scenic spot to forestry, including basic farmland and reclaimed forest land. With a plus to enhance the scenic spot construction in recent years, government has carried out the land construction of the most of the rest requisition land in the village. Currently, villagers in Luren Village, Lijie Village 、Washeping Village and Guan’e Village who live near the Guanzhu Gou have no arable land. Villagers in Xinping, Yuezangfu, Daha Ba and Xinchengzi, who live near E’man Gou have the cultivated area about 0.5 mu per household. Because of the landless, almost all household income is derived from the migrant workers or engaging in limited scenic service. Therefore, the common problem the communities are facing is the livelihood difficult because of the lost of land, the losses of work opportunities outside recent years. Relying on subsistence wage is also facing many problems. (2) Weak Infrastructure Construction With the increased efforts of scenic spot development in recent years, the government has greatly improved the travel facilitaties such as roads building of Guanzhu Gou and E’man Gou, which br ought a big convenience for the community. But the development needed infrastructure of the inner community is relatively weak, for example, there are varying degrees of problems for the community in drinking water, rural roads hardening, garbage collection and disposal, sewage drainage , road lighting and so on. All communities exist sewage discharge problems because of no underground pipe network and sewage treatment plants. A large number of sewage is discharged into the river directly from the village to Min River, causing the pollution in lake or river, endangered rare fish and other consequences. Communities in Guanzhu 32 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Gou live relatively dispersed. Due to geographical and economic conditions, the villagers living in the mountains are still in a inconvenient traffic condition of no hardening roads and critical information block. No matter near to Min River or around the villages, masses of garbage dumps is serious. There is no garbage removal and mature management model in the community, where also lack the landfill, trash bin, garbage removal vehicles. Guanzhu Gou has no road lighting in the villages, and a small part of communities in E’man Gou installed the street lights (3) Low Level of Education, Health and Other Basic Social Service Based on PRA method, the SA team carried out villager seminars, home interviews and needs assessments. Only Guan’e Village and Washeping Village are near to the town in Guanzhu Gou relativly, of which the education, health and other basic social services relatively in a higher level. Comparatively, Luren and Lijie have low level social service, they have not built kindergartens and clinics, and Luren Tibetan minority pays no enough attention to the education importance, a lot of family members are illiterate or in primary school level. In recent years, the importance of education has been risen up by the two ethnic Tibetan villages, including Xinping and Yuezangfu of E’man Gou. The patriarchal ideology of local communities is so serious that education men accept is generally higher than women accept, and almost all the over 40-year-old villagers of lacal community are illiterate or primary education level. Dahe Ba and Xinchengzi are located near the county with good education quality, education level is high, and have good health and medical conditions. (4) High Incidence of Poverty, Deep Poverty Degree By PRA approach, the SA team carried out the village seminars, home interviews and needs assessment, then collected first-hand data of local communities. Depended on the identification standard that local per capita household income should be less than 2,800 yuan for the poor households, the team sorted datas and came out a result that the poverty incidences of Luren Village, Lijie Village, Washeping Village and Guan’e Village are 23%, 26%, 24%, 22% respectively, and those of Xinping, Yuezangfu, Dahe Ba and Xinchengzi in E’man Gou are 26%, 19%, 21%, 27% respectively, which shows a high incidence of poverty. The reasons of heavy poverty dgree of local communities are the little arable land per capita, the single household income channel, the difficulty in migrant work and the lack of technology and culture. The per capita annual income is less than 3,000 yuan. Many families can not bear the high price of vegetables in winter, so that potatoes and cabbage or other cheap vegetables are their basic vegetables. Moreover, because of the lack of energy, communities had to buy coal for heating and cooking, energy shortage exacerbated the poor of communities. Villages’ basic situation is shown in Table 2-9 and Table 2-10. Table 2-9 Basic Community Conditions Surrounding Guan’e Gou Scenic Spot Unit: household / person / mu / t / million yuan Above 60 years old Under 15 years old The per capita net Number of people income last year / Poor households Low Households The number of Lowest Social Farm tourism Village Name Households poor people population Disabled Security yuan Luren 186 833 41 185 132 162 11 90 201 11 2 Village Guan’e 214 1049 63 272 123 256 17 98 220 5 - Village Washeping 157 753 45 177 112 145 22 91 189 2 1 Village Lijie 115 495 24 108 84 85 3 46 112 8 0 Village 33 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table 2-10 Basic Agricultural Conditions of Communities Surrounding Guan’e Gou Scenic Spot Unit: mu / t Washeping Village Name Luren Village Guan’e Village Lijie Village Village Cow 25 4 - - Horse - - - - Donkey - - - - Breeding - Mule - - - Quantity Pig 20 20 10 10 Sheep 150 200 150 80 Poultry 100 200 100 500 2.3.5.6 Songming Yan Project Area in Hezheng County Around Songming Yan scenic spot in Hezheng, there are total of six communities, including Diaotan Village, Zhongxin Village, Cheba Village, Bianpo Village, Dashanzhuang Village and Ketuo Village. (1) Diaotan Village Diaotan Village has a nearest distance from the scenic spot. With the total households of 456, the poor of which is 90 households. The main reason restricting the development of Diaotan Village is that senic area development made farmers become "landless farmers". The main livelihood source of the family comes from young migrant work, leaving only the elderly, women and children in the community, with a lack of labor force. (2) Zhongxin Village Located in Songming Town, Hezheng County, Zhongxin Village has a total of 448 households, 2257 people, including 135 poor households, 561 people, 521 women, 270 elderly people and 340 children. Because of the local development of Songming Yan scenic, communities there have only 0.5 mu of arable land per capita and 2 to 3 mu of arable land per household after the land acquisition since 2014. Local communities’ residents mainly face the difficulties of little arable land and no job. (3) Bianpo Village The main households in Bianpo Village are Hui and Dongxiang family, with a total of 279 muslim families believe in Islam. The village has a mosque for local religious believers to worship. Bainpo is 20-minute-drive away from Songming Yan scenic spot, and close to the arterial traffic into Songming Yan. Reasons restricting the development of villages include the dilapidated bridge at the village enterance, not hardened road into the village, no road lighting and other infrastructure problems, as well as the overall low quality of villagers, small scale of farming and planting, and employment difficulties etc.. (4) Dashanzhuang Village Dashanzhuang Village locates opposite Bianpo Village，they are only separated by a river. It is also a minority community, with a total of 335 households, including 279 minority families, which are mainly Dongxiang minority. The reasons restricting the development of the village include that overall low education level of the villagers, the lack of information and difficulties in finding jobs. (5) Ketuo Village 34 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Ketuo Village, locates near Songming Yan, is a village mainly consist of Hui and Dongxiang ethnic minority. There are 11 communities, 365 households and 1890 people, including 130 poor households. Totally, 4 local communities are located at the foot of the mountain and the rest seven communities live on the mountains. Residents there are relatively concentrate, many village roads have not been hardened. Fortunatly, it is convenient in travel. Because of the different minority faith and ideas, the residents’ education level of local communities is low, basically is primary school education, women's education level is generally lower than men, and the patriarchal ideology is serious. Approximately, the arable land per capita is 0.5 mu, the grain ration is mainly for selling. Men have higher family status, mainly work or do business outside, women take care of the elderly and children at home for many years, and they rarely work outside. Some local residents of communities live in a hard life with shabby houses, without fixed income source, have no arable land, only sustain the life with government subsidies. (6) Cheba Village Cheba Village, located near Songming Yan scenic spot, is a village mainly consist of Hui and Dongxiang ethnic minority. There are 16 communities, 500 households, 2000 people, including 130 poor households. Local communities have little arable land and per household arable land is about 2 to 3 mu. The main crops contain wheat, cole and corn, with annual yield is about 100 to 150 kilograms per mu. The grain is mainly for family food. Breeding industry mainly is cow and sheep breeding, the scale of which is very small. The Cow and Sheep sheds are mostly insteaded by shabby houses. Since the minority can enjoy more generous national procreation policy, each family of the communities has many children generally. Young people mostly migrant outside, leaving women, children and elder at home, with heavy family burden, life is relatively difficult. The infrastructure of local community is inadequate, the management model of refuse collection and disposal has not been established, tap water home rate is low and village roads harden is not fully covered. Villages’ basic situation is shown in Table 2-11 and Table 2-12. Table 2-11 Basic Community Conditions Surrounding Songming Yan Scenic Spot, Hezheng County Unit: household / person / mu / t / million yuan Disabled population The number of poor Above 60 years old Under 15 years old The per capita net Number of people income last year / Poor households Low Households Lowest Social Farm tourism Village Name Households Security people yuan Diaotan Village 436 2173 90 390 229 228 192 3336 264 898 13 Zhongxin 448 2257 135 561 270 340 120 3306 140 499 0 Village Dashanzhuang 529 2709 131 548 260 600 108 2180 148 548 2 Village Cheba Village 476 2425 10 60 524 420 34 3230 144 551 0 Ketuo Village 389 1935 35 154 435 500 56 2900 126 453 0 Table 2-12 Basic Agricultural Conditions of Communities Surrounding Songming Yan Scenic Spot, Hezheng County Unit: mu / t Village Diaotan Zhongxin Dashanzhuang Ketuo Cheba Village Name Village Village Village Village Planting Cereal Area 400 1100 1070 1156 Species crop Yield 16 277.5 2654 550 35 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Village Diaotan Zhongxin Dashanzhuang Ketuo Cheba Village Name Village Village Village Village Area 80 210 46 814 350 Beans Yield 2.4 63 1.8 408 Area 174 120 240 476 Tubers Yield 113 120 246 278 Area 872 1230 800 676 800 Oil Yield 15 369 210 356 Area 0 0 0 200 Vegetables Yield 0 0 0 175 Medicinal Area 300 1210 20 0 materials Yield 150 302 13 0 Area 0 0 126 970 Others Yield 0 0 0 Cow 62 23 48 86 35 Horse 1 3 0 5 Donkey 0 2 0 0 Breeding Mule 8 9 0 0 Quantity Pig 243 126 6 0 Sheep 1308 760 680 1350 400 Poultry 2180 4400 300 - 800 2.4 Situation of Cultural and Natural Heritage in Project Area 2.4.1 Status of Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection in Project Area Through field survey, the SA team found that six counties (districts) in the project area all have abundant cultural and natural heritage and the intangible cultural heritage resources. The project counties (districts) also attached considerable importance to the heritage protection, and they have issued a series of protection programs. But the protective measures worked out by the project counties (districts)were mainly government-lead and were developed and planned by the government. The governments set up a special heritage protection team lacking community participation. To permanently protect the tangible and intangible heritage, it is necessary to establish community organizations in cultural and natural heritage protection. Fostering of community-based organizations and a series of capacity-building activities can promote public participation in the protection of the scenic spots, which also helps the public get interest in heritage protection and reduce poverty. Only poverty is alleviated, can community and public consciously participate in the heritage protection. Although the project counties (districts) have positively protected the heritage, their protection focuses only on the improvement of the natural environment and the repair and reconstruction of cultural heritage. It is not enough to protect and inherit local ethnic, folk, religious and other intangible cultural heritages. Ethnic, folk and religious culture is the spiritual embodiment of local people. Protecting intangible cultural heritage has a great significance to the protection of national culture, traditions and moral heritage. 2.4.1.1 Policies of Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection 36 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II The cultural and natural heritage protection policies in local government consist of following components. (1)Kongtong District Pingliang Municipal People Government Views on the Conservation and Construction of Historic Cultural Heritage and Scenic Spots promulgated by Pingliang Municipal People’s Government on March 26,2013. A Work Report on Intangible Cultural Heritage worked out by Kongtong District Government of Pingliang City on Apirl 21, 2015. (2)Jingchuan County Pingliang Municipal People’s Government Views on Conservation and Construction of the Historic Cultural Heritage and Scenic Spots promulgated by Pingliang Municipal People’s Government on March 26, 2013. Baili grottoes poverty alleviation programs of the World Bank financed Project. (3)Zhuanglang County Pingliang Municipal People Government Views on the Conservation and Construction of Historic Cultural Heritage and Scenic Spots promulgated by Pingliang Municipal People’s Government on March 26,2013. The General Idea of Heritages Conservation during 13th Five Year Plan in Zhuanglang County. Project construction plan of Yunya Temple Natural Heritage Conservation worked out by Zhuanglang County World Bank Project Management Office on March 30, 2014. (4)Kangxian County Natural and cultural resource protection and development programs in Kang County. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan in Yangba, Kangxian County worked out by Kangxian Tourism Bureau in April, 2014) (5)Tanchang County A Comprehensive Development and Reform Plan of Tourism in Guan’e Gou Scenic Spot of Tanchang County. Development and protection program of Guan’e Gou scenic spot in Tanchang County. Folk Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation Project of Guan’e Gou, DangchangCounty. (6)Hezheng County Hua’er protection and inheritance project of the World Intangible Cultural Heritage. A Collection Program for Protection and Development of Palaeotherium fossils in Hezheng County. 2.4.1.2 Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection Planning The local government plans on the county (district) cultural and natural heritage protection are: (1)Kongtong District 37 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II An Integrated Plan of Kongtong Mountain Scenic Spot in 2013-2030workd out in July 2013. An important project list of tourism infrastructure construction projects inthe 13th Five Year Plan of Pingliang City submitted by Kongtong Mountain Administration. (2)Jingchuan County The 13th Five Year Plan in tourism industry development in Jingchuan County. (3)Zhuanglang County The 13th Five Year Development Plan in Culture in Zhuanglang County. (4)Kang County A pilot demonstration construction plan for ecological civilization. in Kangxian County. An Integrated Plan of Ecological Tourism Development in Yangba Town, Kang County (2015-2025) . (5)Tanchang County An intangible plan of cultural heritage protection project in Guane Gou, Tanchang County. Disaster Risk Management Plan in Guane Gou, Tanchang County worked out by Land and Resources Bureau onJune 26 2014. (6) Hezheng County Construction of golden section on economic belt of New Silk Road and construction plan for the Innovation Area of Chinese civilization heritage protection in Hezhengcounty. 2.4.1.3 Measures on Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection (1) Kongtong District The major projects of cultural industries listed both in the 13th Five Year plan in Gansu Province and Pingliang contain the cultural and natural heritage protection projects. For instance, the geological heritage protection project in Kongtong National Geo-park consist of geological relics protection project, a comprehensive geological park environment management, detailed plan compilation of Kongtongshan geo-park, information construction of the park, and geo-park scientific promotion. Besides, it includes ancient buildings conservation project and Kongtong Mountain Scenic Sewage Treatment Project. Pingliang Municipal People’s Government Views on Conservation and Construction of the Historic Cultural Heritage and Scenic Spots issued by the Pingliang Municipal People’s Government pointed out that the cultural and natural heritage, intangible cultural heritage and other tourism resources within the county territory must be surveyed, and that conservation plans must be prepared to strictly implement the protection measures. Four measures to strengthen the cultural heritage and scenic spots protection are put forward: First, strengthening organizational leadership; Secondly, increasing advocacy; Thirdly, strengthening safeguards; and fourthly, strengthening supervision and management. In order to avoid excessive damage to the scenic environment, the Integrated Plan of Famous Scenic Sport of Kongtong Mountain Scenic Area in 2013-2030 predicted environmental capacity within each sub-scenic spots. It is showed that Kongtong scenic environment capacity will be 20,309 people / day. Supposing that the scenic open days are 200, it will reach an environmental capacity of 4.06 million tourists/ year. In terms of cultural and natural heritage protection, the Plan formulated a classification and zone protection measures, in which the scenic spot is divided into historic preservation area, ecological reserve area, natural landscape protection area, landscape restoration area, scenic area and development control area. 38 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (2)Jingchuan County The "Baili grottoes poverty alleviation programs of the World Bank financed Project” proposes to promote the development of poverty alleviation though the development of tourism. The development of Baili Grottoes plays an important role in local tourism development with protective development principles. The protective development of Baili Grottoes will rely on the World Bank Financed Project to protect heritage and cultural relics, to protect artifacts body, to research, to promote management level and to present the relics. The implementation of the project will meet the needs of cultural relics protection, Buddhist culture promotion, Caves cultural heritage development, which could drive the development of Baili Grottoes’ tourism and services, promote the integration of the county's culture and tourism, commerce, logistics, services and other related industries, bring massive tourist flow, logistics and capital flow, promote integrated tourism consumption on food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping, entertainment, extend the industrial chain, promote local social employment, and promote the transformation, upgrading and development of industry, agriculture, trade, logistics and other related industries. (3)Zhuanglang County The General Idea of Protecting Heritages during the 13th Five Year Plan in Zhuanglang County proposed 11 programs in the cultural heritage protection goals and ideas as such: Firstly, to further enhance the level of museum displays and exhibitions; Secondlys, to finish the body protection of Chenjia Dong Grottoes and Yunya Temple Grotto; Thirdly, completion of facilities, environmental management and protection planning of Wu Jie tomb; Fourthly, completion of Zhuanglanghe terraced protection planning and key watershed protection project; Fifthly, completion of museum exhibition promotion, service facilities renovation and heritage warehouse facilities renovation project; Sixthly, completion of database construction and document management of collections; Seventh is to actively seek financial support for the work of Zhuanglanghe heritage conservation from the cultural departments at all levels( provincial, municipal and county); Eight is the formation of a new heritage conservation and management system to improve the cultural relics protection network at three levels; Ninth is resolutely to combat all kinds of criminal activities in cultural heritage; Tenth is to strengthen the collection of artifacts and relics protection and repair work; Eleventh is to further strengthen protection and research work in the Zhuanglang old castle’s from Ming and Qing dynasty to the period of the republic of China . It is planned to print and publish A Collection of Census Data and Information of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Zhuanglang County and The distribution Atlas of Intangible Cultural Heritage Survey in Zhuanglang County to complete the conservation planning book made in the 12 th Five Year Plan, which was the national level program of intangible lists. A county leading group of cultural resources survey and classification and grading assessment work was set up. and Cultural Resources Survey and Classification and Grading Assessment Work Plan in Zhuanglang County was formulated. In addition, the first movable cultural relics survey was conducted and heritage collections of 478 administrative organizations, institutions and state-owned enterprises were recorded and filed up. A Yunya Temple Heritage Management Institute has been established, a comprehensive law enforcement team has been established that is responsible for security of cultural relics protection units at all levels; and regular inspection for cultural relics protection units is conducted through regular inspections, random checks and the combination of routine inspections. Inspection actions are requested to keep record so as to provide detailed information for the conservation work. Zhuanglang county has taken measures in protection of cultural and natural heritage of the World Bank Loan as follows: In 2009, the county entrusted Northwest Railway Institute to complete A Geological Investigation Report on Emergency Reinforcement and Restoration Protection Engineering in Yunya Grottoes of Zhuanglang County and the Engineering Plan Design for Emergency Reinforcement and Restoration Protection in Yunya Grottoes of Zhuanglang County; In 2013, the Heritage Institute of Tsinghua University was commissioned to develop the Conservation Plan for Yunya Temple Grottoes Heritage in Zhuanglang County；In 2013-2014， A Project Proposal on Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection in Yunya Temple of Zhuanglang County was completed by Kedi Consulting Company with assistance of us. Zhuanglang County World Bank PMO completed compilation of previous work information on natural heritage protection in Yunya Temple, Zhuanglang County. The Construction Plan of Natural Heritage Conservation Project of Yunya Temple in Zhuanglang County proposed "protection first" to be the principle of the project. Environmental protection measures 39 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II will be taken through restrictions on daily tourist flow volume, protection of landscape and biological resources in the scenic spot. It is proposed that the temple grottoes relics and precipice should be protected. (4)Kang County In term of ecological environmental protection, surrounding building of ecological barrier and construction of strategic platform of eco-civilization, the county launched and implemented “Kang County Eco-Civilization Demonstration Project Pilot Construction Plan”. At the same time, it implemented a series of ecological projects including grain for green project, natural forest protection project, etc.; and accelerated implementation of a batch of projects highly related to ecological protection including rural infrastructure improvement projects and industrial projects. “Natural and cultural resource protection and development programs in Kang County” clearly put forward the program for protection of cultural resources in the county, including protection of cultural relic resources, tourism landscape, intangible cultural heritage resources, traditional folk culture resources, and red culture resources. There are also some special plans in terms of individual heritage protection, such as “Kangnan Guluocao Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Special Fund Utilization Plan”, “Kang County ‘Kangnan Mao’shange’ Protection and Development Plan”, “Kang County ‘Mulong Song’ Protection and Development Plan”, “North Kang County Chama Trail Protection and Development Plan ”, “Kang County Tan Family Courtyard Protection and Development Plan”, and “Kang County Yuntai Town Ancient Baimaguan Site Protection and Development Plan”, etc. (5)Tanchang County In recent years, Tanchang County proposed a strategic objective of promoting "red, ancient, green" characteristic cultural tourism though protection and development of heritage resources; launched and implemented the cultural scenic spots construction project aiming to comprehensively build three top-quality tourist routes including red culture, Diqiang culture, and ancient culture. Combined with civilized promenade construction and new rural style transformation, the county rescued and protected a total about 17 cultural relics, including "Relics of Ancient City of A’wu", Nan River "Ancient City of Jian’jiao", "Guan’e Gou Qiang and Tibetan Cultural Garden", "Old DangchangStates City Wall Ruins", "Ma Tusi Cultural Yard", ect . and by digging, building, and rational use, the county created its characteristic cultural atmosphere of “one step, one senic spot, highlights everywhere”. In “Development and protection program of Guan’e Gou scenic spot in Tanchang County”, it had detailed protection plan to the ecological environment and natural heritage assets of the each scenic spot in the county, with Guan’e Gou scenic spot as the core. In the aspect of eco-environment protection, the program proposes the concept of zoning protection, in which the contents include six aspects: the protection of the atmosphere, water environment protection, noise control, wildlife protection, geological landscape protection and waste control. In the aspect of cultural heritage protection, the program reasonably protects and develops local Qiang and Tibetan historical culture following the principle of "mining historical truth, protect cultural heritage, extend neighborhood context and utilize rationally ". The “Folk Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation Project of Guan’e Gou, Tanchang County” put forward the concept of inheritance and protection of Qiang and Tibetan folk culture with its major countermeasures on repairing Qiang and Tibetan residential buildings, constructing the Qiang and Tibetan folk museum, constructing culture heritage museum for He, Qiang, Tibetan and Bon, collecting and consolidating Qiang and Tibetan traditional culture, cultivating cultural inheritors, and researching on literature related to Bon Religion. Besides, the project put forward the concept of protection of natural heritage in scenic spots with its countermeasures on protection of natural environment and wildlife, and on monitoring of fire, air quality and geological disasters. (6) Hezheng County In the aspect of protection of intangible culture, “construction of golden section on economic belt of New Silk Road and construction plan for the Innovation Area of Chinese civilization heritage protection in Hezheng county” developed by Hexian county put forward the need to further improve the county's 31 intangible cultural heritage repository in cultural heritage Protection and inheritance work. National, 40 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II provincial, state, and county level protection list should be cleared up to gradually establish a protection information management system to further dig, collect and consolidate intangible cultural heritage material, to edit and publish Hezheng County intangible cultural heritage protection series, and to construct Hua’er transmission base in Hezheng County. The “Hua’er protection and inheritance project of the World Intangible Cultural Heritage” makes protection and inheritance of the Hua’er as its mission and establishes a "Big Hua’er" concept. A rescue, protection and integrity protection mode was taken to comprehensively promote the rescue, protection, inheritance and research of Tao’min Hua’er, Hezhou Hua’er, Liupan Mountain Hua’er and other genres Hua’er. The main purpose of World Intangible Cultural Heritage Hua ’er Protection Project is to strengthen the construction and protection of intangible cultural heritage and to comprehensively rescue and protection Hua’er and Hua’er Festival in a region. The content of the Hua’er heritage protection project construction includes collection, consolidation and research activities related to Hua ’er, construction of a Hua’er transmission base and community poverty alleviation project. In the aspect of ancient animal fossil protection work, the “A Collection Program for Protection and Development of Palaeotherium fossils in Hezheng County” put forward maintenance and reinforcement plans for ancient animal fossil museum. Its conservation and restoration objectives include: gradual restoration and conservation treatment to un-repaired fossil specimens, protection process to the specimens which have been fixed periodic in order to maintain the normal state of the specimen. Technical route for conservation and restoration mainly involves repairing, strengthening, shelving and turning model of the fossils. Maintenance and reinforcement program was reflected at rescue protection and research on the existing 24,010 stock fossil specimens and native rock block specimens. Combining traditional repair techniques with modern technology and combining repair theory methods with practice can make the fossils a long-term preservation. 2.4.1.4 Problems Analysis on Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection (1) Problems Analysis on Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection in Kongtong District Currently natural and cultural heritage protection in Kongtong Mountain stays in the protection of natural environment and cultural heritage in scenic spot. Few attention was given to the abundant cultural resources in Kongtong Mountains. Kongtong Mountain has a fragile natural ecological environment and there are some geological disaster-prone points. Collapse, landslides, mudslides and other geological disasters may cause damage to the scenic resources and tour service facilities. Because of in the Loess Plateau, the natural and ecological environment is relatively poor and are likely to affect tourists ’ overall impression on the scenic spot. It is very important to strengthen protection and restoration of the eco-environment in the Loess Plateauhe surrounding the scenic spot. (2) Problems Analysis on Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection in Jingchuan County Through field research, it was discovered that Baili Grottoes had been seriously damaged. The statue fell off, and the grottoes was stolen seriously. Geological disasters like landslides and erosion aggravated the hazards of caves. Baili Grottoes lacked effective protection measures and had no relevant protection agencies or funds. Most of the damage was caused precisely by the local public due to their low public awareness of cultural heritage protection. In addition, it was difficult to carry out the protection work because the grottoes were distributed in a wide range. Therefore, the protection of Baili Grottoes should rely on improvement of local communities’ protection awareness. However, raising public’s awareness of protection needs to combine the public’s interest with caves protection. Thus public community could share interest from the protection and development of local cultural heritage and finally a win-win situation for cultural heritage protection and poverty alleviation could be achieved. (3) Problems Analysis on Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection in Zhuanglang County The area of Yunya Temple scenic spot is 147 square kilometers. Its core protection scope involves a number of villages. The population of the core area reaches up to 1843. Scenic public made considerable contribution to protect the valuable resources in the scenic spot in the history. While their production and life 41 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II also caused considerable damage for scenic resources. Main damages include large amount of garbage, illegal business, illegal construction and destructive agricultural activities, etc. Currently, parts of the relics are seriously damaged due to disrepair. Cliff fragmentation, rockfall frequently happens in the scenic spot, which is a serious threat to the safety of tourists and to the grottoes. The reinforcement work should be carried out under the premise of scientific planning and rational design and in accordance with the conservation priority principles. Then its original historic characters could be fully restored and displayed. In addition, protection facilities and exhibition space for cultural relics are inadequate. (4) Problems Analysis on Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection in Tanchang County So far, shortage of funds is one of the most important issues for further implementation of cultural and natural heritage protection. Through field survey and interviews with local people and officials, it was discovered that there were insufficient funds to construct the local Qiang and Tibetan cultural heritage collection museum, to collect scriptures, and to further protect ancient relics. Local people lack protection awareness on protection of cultural and natural heritage, ecology, environment and culture, which result in loss of precious folk culture such as Qiang and Tibetan folk dance, music, sculpture, costumes, language and folk tales. Customs, language and culture of local minority have been Chinesed. It requires reasonable arrangement and plan to restore traditional culture. (5) Problems Analysis on Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection in Kang County Although Kang County achieved remarkable results in grain for green and better protected ecological environment, the grain for green process also involves farmers’ land. Thus consideration should be given to farmers’ interest while protect environment. In the field survey, it was discovered that large portion of farmers’ grain for green land was asked to grow economic tree crops. Economic benefits from economic tree crops were kept by farmers. However, the lack of planting techniques and appropriate market of economic crops caused some difficulties to farmers. In terms of natural and cultural resources protection, the government of Kang County often tends to establish a leading team for protection led by government, which lacks the involvement of local people and communities. Thus protection of natural and cultural resources is hard to be sustainable. During May Day and National Holiday every year, the visitors surge. It is easily to cause a series of environmental problems, such as noise pollution, solid waste pollution, air pollution caused by automobile exhaust, etc. “An Integrated Plan of Ecological Tourism Development in Yangba Town, Kangxian (2015-2025)” puts forward detailed scenic conservation plan and could provide policy basis for the protection of scenic environment. However, implementation of the policy requires supporting laws and regulations. Currently Yangba scenic spot still lacks the appropriate management regulations. (6) Problems Analysis on Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection in Hezheng County The issue of ‘Hua’er’ cultural heritage is very prominent. "Hua’er Festival" in Songmingyan is held between April 26 to April 28 every year in the lunar calendar. The local government carries out a large-scale Hua’er Festival at the end of June each year. Nevertheless, cultural inheritors of Songmingyan "Hua’er" still are declining, especially the young inheritors. Folk "Hua’er” has no sustainable teaching platform and very few teenagers engaged in "Hua’er" study and research. Through the interviews with operators surrounding scenic spot, the major management problems Songmingyan scenic spot faces are: loose management, low staff quality, disordered fees collection, and no training, no guidance and no supervision to the commercial dealers surrounding scenic spot by Tourism Bureau, etc. The existing problems of ancient animal fossil museum in fossil protection include the following. First is that the part of the museum collections and fossils to be repaired are placed in the warehouse. But the warehouse has no formal protection facilities and space is small so that the fossils that are randomly placed in the warehouse are easily to be damaged. Besides, there are still a large number of fossils are lost in the 42 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II common people home, and it requires a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to collect these fossils. 2.4.2 Situation of Cultural and Natural Heritage Tourism Development in the Project Area Through analysis on tourism development in all project scenic spots and in six counties (district), it is found that all the counties pay high attention to the development of its own regional tourism, especially placing highest priority on the key scenic spot. Tourism development is taken as an important base for regional economic. All counties developed respective plans for its tourism development. 2.4.2.1 Development Strategy of Major Heritage Scenic Spot in Project Area (1) Kongtong Mountain in Kongtong District Kongtong Mountain Scenic Spot Overall Plan (2013-2030) made second phase planning for scenic spot, with 2013-2015 as its recent plan and 2016-2030 as its long term plan. In this plan, the region between east of scenic spot and Pingliang City, part of Qihe village, Zhonghe Village and Chengzi Village located in the west and south part of the scenic spot are incorporate in perimeter protection zone, as a result of which total area of the scenic spot plan reach 136.2 km2. According to the principle of "scientific planning, unified management, as well as strict protection and sustainable utilization", scenic and historic resources will be effectively protected; forest coverage in qualified area will be increased; ecological balance will be maintained. Through digging and giving play to the resource advantage and developmental potential of scenic spot, improving the tourism value, environment quality as well as managerial and administrative level of scenic spot, regional social economic and tourism industries of scenic spot will finally achieve harmonious development. Classification protetion: The scenic spot is to be divided into ecological preservation area, natural landscape protection area, historical relics protection area, scenery restoration area, scenery touring area and development control area. Meanwhile, the new version plan contains special planning content, such as cultivation protection plan, landscape tour plan, typical landscape plan, tourist facilities plan, infrastructure plan, road traffic plan, public &society regulation and development guidance plan, land-use coordination plan, phase development plan, as well as scenic spot and urban coordinated development plan. The major national cultural industry projects contain a series of construction projects about the Kongtong Mountain scenic spot in the 13th Five Year Plan of both Gansu province and Pingliang city, in which include the Kongtong Mountain ancient buildings protection project, Kongtong Mountain sewage treatment project in scenic spot, passenger ropeway building project in scenic spot, second phase of tourism facilities construction, palace for Wendao Palace · Landscape Garden construction project, passenger transportation road construction project for functional zone of Taitong Mountain, wooden plank construction project for functional zone of Shiwangou Grand Canyon and expansion project of Kongtong Mountain Scenic Spot. The total investment is estimated to be RMB1.85 billion. (2) Bali Grottoes in Jingchuan County “Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Development Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Jingchuan County” and Jingchuan County "13th Five Year" Tourism Industry Development Plan both refers to development plan of Baili Grottoes. Besides, Dayun Temple · Wangmu Palace Large Scenic Spot Overall Plan and “Baili Grottoes Promenade Construction Plan” also put forward realistic plan for development of the Bali Grottoes. In “Baili grottoes poverty alleviation programs of the World Bank financed Project”, it is proposed that development of rural tourism be drived by development of Baili Grottoes; that rural infrastructure construction promoted; that living environment, eco-environment and development environment improved; that various social undertakings comprehensively developed; and that villages along the grottoes constructed into a beautiful countryside with “graceful villages, household business, harmonious environment and happy residents”. (3) Yunya Temple, Zhuanglang County 43 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II The “Construction program of natural and cultural heritage protection project, Yun'ya Temple, Zhuanglang County” puts forward that it can promote the natural environment of Yunya Temple and better conserve cultural landscape through the project construction. At the same time, the project will improve transportation facilities, water supply facilities and public service facilities; will improve scenic accessibility, safety, resort management level and tourism environment quality; will enhance the scenic external image and core competitiveness; and overally promote comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of scenic spots.Then gradually build Yunya Temple into a pearl in Longshang Silk Road and into an humanistic and eco-tourism base in western part. The county's tourism industry will become a pillar industry of the national economy. Finally, it can achieve synchronous steady growth of social, economic and environmental benefits. Main constructions include the protection of cultural relics, road construction and construction of tourism service facilities. The “‘13th Five Year’ scenic tourism development plan of Yunya Temple ， Zhuanglang County (2016-2020)” puts forward that according to the overall layout of the city's tourism industry, with the goal of constructing Longshang Silk Road Pearl and the western human ecology tourist resort, relying on its unique enriched tourism resources, the scenic spot can deeply integrate Silk Road culture, grotto art, folk culture and ecological culture, and build a leisure, cultural experience, eco-tourism, fitness regimen for an integrated tourism destination and will eventually build the most attractive and charming tourist destination and quality tourist attractions in the west. The scenic spot will strive to be national 5A-class tourist attraction, national key scenic spot, national geological park and national eco-tourism demonstration area. Yunya Temple is located in poor areas of Guan Mountain. The area is geographical remoteness, with old climate small arable land and lagging economic and social development .Local farmers lack of stable source of income. Main income still relies on migrant work,It is urgently needed to open up new ways to increase income. “Poverty alleviation programs for the poor in Yunya Temple” stated that in accordance with new poverty alleviation standards, poor households and villages suitable for developing tourism industry and enterprises and individual business in tourism industry and with strong radiation capacity should be identified as target of tourism poverty alleviation action, so as to give real benefits to poverty stricken area and people in tourism poverty alleviation action. Its tasks include construction of demonstration village for tourism poverty alleviation, development of financial credit and tourism product, rain plan and training of employees. Thus, public nearby the scenery spot participates in tourism service industry. Eventually, scenic development will accelerate poverty alleviation and poverty shake-off. (4) Yangba in Kang County “Master plan of Yangba town, Kang county (2012-2030)” stated in its tourism plan that Yangba town will be comprehensively targeted as “the first ‘nature and humanity’ and ecological health tourism town with the functions of health keeping in mountainous area, leisure and sightseeing, summer vacation, cultural experience, business meeting, drive camping and industries integrated into one. The plan improves and enriches the strategic positioning of Yangba town in accordance with the positioning of master planning, and combining the new characteristics of China's tourism industry and upgrades Yangba tourism from static sightseeing to dynamic experience especially through improving tourism industry and enriching products. The "ecological tourism development master plan of Yangba Town Kang County (2015-2025)," has made a detailed and specific development planning for the development of the tourism industry in Yangba Town. The plan stated that by using the ecological tourism and leisure as the core ecological tourism industris, Yangba Town will be developed into an ecological tourist destination with the functions of ecological sightseeing, leisure vacation, ecological health, driving experience, country creative life and folk culture experience integrated into one. The development goal is to take "ecological civilization", "urban-rural planning" and "innovation driven" as the core development philosophy to walk the way of intensive, intelligent, and low-carbon green development, to build an environment-friendly model scenic spot and tourist service system, and to create a new lifestyle and pattern of consumption in Gansu province. By comprehensively promoting development of the eco-tourism industry in Yangba Town, by accelerating transmission of Yangba tourism from a sightseeing spot to a leisure resort, and by enriching the “Ecological Yangba” brand and making it a real industry, eventually Yangba will be developed into a provincial tourism resort, national creative rural tourism demonstration area, famous ecological leisure tourism holiday destination in Gansu, Sichuan and Shaanxi province, self-drive tourism base in southwest China, and the first-class ecological leisure vacation destination surrounding Longnan City and a leisure resort famous in Gansu Province and in China. 44 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (5) Guan’e Gou in Tanchang County The "comprehensive reform and construction scheme of Guan’e Gou big scenic spot, Tanchang County" combines Guan’e Gou with the surrounding scenic spots together to form Guan’e Gou big scenic spot and formulates tourism development plan all together. The area of Guan’e Gou is about 370 square kilometers, including Guanzhu Gou, E’man Gou, Yangma City, Mulong Gou, Nanhe Gou and Gang Gou. It is a scenic spot gathering the Tibetan and Qiang culture, ecological culture, health culture and religion culture as a whole. Tha planning area is mainly located in Chengguan Town, Xinchengzi Tibetan Township, Nanhe Township and Hejiabao Township, including 15 villages such as the Guan’e Village, the Washeping Village, Lijie Village and Luren Village in Chengguan, and the Daheba Village, Xinping Village in Xinchengzi Township, with a total of 2135 households and a population of 9509. The main construction is composed of 6 areas including Guanzhu Gou Qiang and Tibetan culture and customs zone, E’man Gou recreational sports and leisure experience area, Leigu snow mountain holy tourist area, Mulong Gou high-end resort tourist area, the ancient culture Quest area of Yangma City, the forest outdoor area of Nanhe Gou and Gang Gou. "DangchangGuan’e Gou big scenic spot development and protection program" suggests protecting cultural heritage and also puts forward comments for development. Main comments are as follows: the county financial authority shall allocate RMB50,000-100,000 special fund to support related authorities to hold Qiang and Tibetan art festival on May 5th each year, including original singing, production and other competitions. It is suggested to vigorously develop the Qiang and Tibetan traditional folk cultural resources, and writers and artists to go deep among Qiang and Tibetan villages to discover and select talented people from mass cultural activities and provide them with professional counseling training. Through training and carrying out various activities, a number of the Qiang and Tibetan singers will be built. Then the singers will participate in the national and provincial matches to publicize Dangchang. It is also recommended to develop ethnic culture and fully develop artistic resources, to transform Qiang and Tibetan villages, to strengthen the tourism infrastructure construction and establish service organizations, and eventully construct Guan’e Gou into a tourist area with ethnic customs. "Assessment Report on DangchangGuan’e Gou Ethnic Culture and Natural Heritage Protection Value" also proposed recommended measures for development of national folk culture tourism resources. The recommended measures include: The first is to excavate Qiang and Tibetan folk cultural connotation and carefully package tourism products. Packaging tourism products with the deeds, stories and physical material related to Qiang and Tibetan folk custom in Guan’e Gou, and develop unique eco-tourism products to enrich tourism resources. The second is to expand the publicity to increase awareness of tourism products. Media can report through joint marketing. It is recommended to use the celebrity charm, increase advertising investment, and take full advantage of mobile advertising carrier improve visibility Guan’e Gou at multi-level, all-round and multi-angle. The third is to strengthen the protection of resources and the environment and take the road of sustainable development. The fourth is to build a national culture brand and build Guan’e Gou into "Qiang and Tibetan Ethnic Folk museum" in Longnan City, "Qiang and Tibe Ethnic Research Base" in Gansu Province, "Bon Culture Museum" in Gansu Province, national level "Bon Culture Research Base", and declare world-class cultural heritage protection projects to UNESCO. (6) Hezheng County Palaeotherium Fossils Museum and Songminyan “Hua’er” Hua’er protection project should be conducted simultaneously with the Hua’er, development project. In the aspect of Hua’er development, "Hua’er protection and inheritance project of the World Intangible Cultural Heritage" refers to the construction of a Hua’er teaching base with one Hua’er teaching and learning base, one archive, one performances and exhibition center, one electronic reading room, one repertoire composing chamber, one vocalization room, one rehearsal halls, one office space and one multifunction conference rooms. In accordance with the principles of sustainable development, prominent features, market-driven and system optimization and following the line of development of eco-tourism resources, the "overall planning of Songmingyan big scenic spot, Hezheng County" give full play to tourism brand of Songmingyan, explore the tourism advantages in depth about natural ecological tourism resources and western national folk resources, vigorously build the tourism brand of "Songming Yan eco-tourism", and build Songmingyan scenic spot into an international holiday resort (national 5A-class tourist attraction) with the functions of tourism, sports and meeting integrated into one. To guarantee the coherence with national economic development planning and its strong operability and a certain degree of flexibility, the plan defines its duration from 2010 to 2030 with a 45 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II total of 20 years. The plan is divided into three phases: near, medium and long-term phase with 2010--2015 as the near phase, 2016--2020 as the medium phase and 2021--2030 as the long-term phase. "Palaeotherium fossils Geological Park Plan (2011-2020), Hezheng, Gansu" designed the overall layout of the plan as "one core, three-axis, two belts, two parks, six districts" and divided the park into six functional areas: geological heritage protection areas, sightseeing area, tourism service area, natural ecological area, scientific education area, residential reserved area. In terms of tourism development, the plan proposed to construct a Palaeotherium fossil Cultural Square, comprehensive service center including tourism services, commerce and recreation facilities; and to construct window of the world and a fossil theme park. It is planned to construct facilities and service center for Hualin scenic spot, including the scenic time tunnel, time square, the tour trail, services, recreational facilities and other projects. Long-term construction includes tour facilities of Lao Gou scenic spot, upgrading and transforming of service facilities of Sancha Gou, Nanyang Mountain, Songming Yan, construction of Songminyan old town, and establishment of a tourism cultural company to be responsible for development of tourism products and tourism souvenirs. In terms of tourism products, it puts forward fossil relics scientific watch, Hezhou Hua’er ecological leisure tour, fossil theme park experience tour. "A Collection Program for Protection and Development of Palaeotherium fossils in Hezheng County" proposes the building of a modern, high-quality museums and construction of voice navigation system. Modern, high-grade museum is mainly reflected in the high technology content, namely the widespread use of high-tech electronic products. The latest national tourism scenic quality grading and evaluation criteria have already integrated providing of portable electronic voice into A bonus program and it is a necessary for national 4A scenic spot during its guide service. Voice navigation system is a dedicated device to make articles shown attractively and displayed more vividly. While the audience listen and watch, they can learn knowledge and understand the content, and enjoy culture. Due to lack of understanding to the abundant scientific research, collection, exhibition connotation of the collections, many tourists and visitors only glanced over and even ignore the specimen that should be carefully appreciated and watched, which is great waste of tourism resources. After the scenic spot and all collections be equipped with audio guides, visitors can fully understand the rich cultural background of the objects that they watch. 2.4.2.2 Regional Development Policies and Plans of Relevant Government Departments (1) Kongtong District "Kongtong 13th Five Year Development Ideas and Goals" stated: In the period of 13th Five Year, the government will focus on the support to the implementation of ten regional economic leaping development projects, including: Kongtong integrated service facilities of tourism - Aqua Resort, landscape garden of Wendao Palace in Kongtong Town, the eco-tourism development of Taitong Forest Park, all of which are the key of the Chinese Kongtong Health construction. "Kongtong 13th Five Year Tourism Plan" proposes to regard the construction of the Chinese Civilization Inheritance and Innovation Area, the Silk Road economic belt, the major tourist scenic spot of Gansu province and Long Middle-of-south Chinese medicine health care innovation area tourism as an opportunity, to make a brand of "miraculous and beautiful Kongtong Mountain, first place of health", to stick to the deeply integrated of culture soul and tourism body, to promote deep integration between cultural and tourism, to integrate advantage tourism resources, to build major scenic spots of Kongtong Mountain, to promote the integrated development of the cultural industries, tourism, health and entertainment to build a cultural and tourism industry system that contains sightseeing, leisure and health, cultural shows, cultural studies, martial arts exchange and crafts sales gradually, and build an important humanities and eco-tourism base the west and the node city along the Silk Road Economy Belt in Gansu gold segment. By the end of "13th Five-Year Plan", the target tourist numbers would reach at 15 million, the total tourism revenue reachRMB 8 billion, and tourism becomes the leading industry. "The construction plan of China Kongtong health resort of Kongtong, Pingliang City " puts forward: with the goal of "Magical and beautiful Kongtong · World health first place", regarding the Kongtong Taoism culture and health park as a leader, it is recommended to organize various production factors, to build the Kongtong health card, to foster the health industry, to develop the health products, and finally to form a health industry system with rational layout and optimize structure. The main tasks include building Kongtong Taoism culture and health park, accelerating the development of special health industry, vigorously 46 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II implementing the ten leading health projects, optimizing the environment, promoting all-round propaganda and enhancing the brand effects of health tourism. (2) Jingchuan County For the development of local tourism during the "12th Five Year Plan", Jingchuan County appropriated relevant professional universities and institutes to carefully prepare many plans, including: " Cultural tourism master plan of Jingchuan ", " General plan of the construction of Chinese civilization inheritance and innovation, Jingchuan County", "Large resort master plan of Dayun Temple · Wangmu Palace"," Dayun Temple Master Plan "," Kangjia folk tourist village plan, Jing Chuan ""“Baili Grottoes Promenade Construction Plan” "and" Wu Huanxian martyrs Memorial plan ", etc.. The plans promote the continuous improvement of the development planning system of tourism industry, and play a leading role in planning. "Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Development Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Jingchuan County" puts forward: With the goal of accelerating the integration of culture and tourism and constructing cultural tourism city, according to the development orientation of "West Dunhuang, East Jingchuan", based on the West Wangmu Culture, the Buddhist culture, the ecological culture, the health culture, the warm water culture, the red culture and the folk culture, it is recommended to build a cultural tourism brand of "the hometown of Wangmu, the holy land of Buddhist treasure, the health Jingchuan". By 2020, the tourism industry accounts for more than 5% of the county's GDP. It is recommended to strive to cultivate the tourism industry into a strategic pillar industry of national economy, and to achieve a new leap from the city of resource tourism to the county of economy tourism. The contents include: First is to create a tourism brand of "Dayun Temple · Wangmu Palace"; Second is to do a fine and strong health and cultural tourism brand; Third is to build a red tourism brand nationally known; Fourth is to accelerate the development of cultural creative industries; and fifthe is to improve the tourism elements. "Thirteen-Five tourism industry development plan of Jingchuan County" puts forward that in the period of "13th Five Year", according to the "five in one" thinking of economy, polity, culture, society and ecology, on the basis of cultural resources and driven by marketization, in purpose to achieve the integration of culture and tourism, the industrial integration, the integration of the city and industry, the urban-rural integration and the regional linkage, to seize the opportunities of the construction of the Chinese civilization inheritance and innovation zone, the national security and ecological barrier strategy comprehensive experimental zone, and the Silk Road economic belt, to active merge into the construction of "Guanhzong - Tianshui Economic Zone ", the large Xi'an Economic Circle and Silk Road economic belt, to build the brand of cultural tourism resources oriented by Buddhist culture, West Wangmu culture, ecological culture and health culture as the leading, to promote the structure adjustment of regional economy, to promote industrial upgrading, and to achieve a the leaping development. According to the strategic positioning of "West Dunhuang, East Jingchuan", fully integrating the regional advantages with tourism resources, putting the construction of the Dayun Temple – Wangmu Palace as the core, it is proposed to drive the development of Baili Grottoes, spa vacation, Tianjia Gou ecological scenic spot, Guanshan eco-scenic spot, Wanyan folk village, Wu Huanxian Martyrs and rural leisure and health area and other scenic spots to form a new pattern of the scenic integration. Doing a fine and strong tourism product system on Buddhist culture, the West wangmu culture, health culture, and strive to build Jingchuan the holy land of China Buddhist, the birthplace of West Wangmu, the leisure and health resorts in south and southeast Gansu and the eco-livable and cultural tourism city. (3) Zhuanglang County Zhuanglang County attaches great importance to tourism development, including proposing a "living county tourism strategy", formulating a "tourism development" 12th five-year plan and the 2020 plan", preparing the "Zhuanglang County tourism development planning" and "Zhuanglang County Yunya Temple, Master Plan". Yunya Temple Tourism Administration Bureau is the public institution of Zhuanglang County, which has a 29 personnel establishment people directly affiliated institutions of the county, which was established in October 2009. The bureau has overall responsibility for the protection and development of the Yunya Temple, which provides a reliable guarantee for the development of Yunya Temple. During China’s 13th five-year plan, the general ideas and goals of the cultural tourism development in Zhuanglang closely followed “the Belt and Road” building programs in Gansu Province and the “The 13th five-year plan” of the county. The county conscientiously carries out and implements Chinese Civilization Innovation District construction and the spirit of Tourism Development Conference by following the 47 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II principle of “create a large environment, develop tourism, open up the market to form a big industry” , by sticking to the principle of "development and protection of both and the construction and development of both" and by relying on the Yunya Temple, Chenjia Cave and terraces tourism resources to build four brands(landscape, folklore, ecology, regimen) , and creates six tourist destinations(cultural characteristics, eco-tourism, leisure and health, customs, red education, pastoral life experience). “The 13th five-year planning of Zhuanglang County” puts forward that by the requirement of “build a large resort，create a large environment, and develop tourism, open up the market, the formation of big industry”, by surrounding the construction of the western humanistic ecology tourism base target, and by focused on creating Yunya Temple scenic area as “an ecological leisure and a regimen resort” and Zhuanglang terrace as an “agricultural tourism and red classic” tourism base , it is proposed to build a national eco-tourism strong county and make tourism the leading industry and modern service industry strategic pillar industry of the national economy in Zhuanglang. It is expected to achieve the average annual growth rate of more than 18% both the tourist number and consolidated revenues during the 13th five-year planning. By 2020, the number of people admitted into the county will reach 1 million, and tourism revenue will reach RMB500 million or more, accounting for 8% of the county's GDP. (4) Kang County "Kang County natural and cultural resource protection and development program" develops four series on tourism development, including the culture and leisure tourism products(customs travel, eco-tourism, tour visits sites of ancient culture, red tour, religious and cultural tour, Yellow River worship tour and the ancient ferry study of Yellow River tours), the recreation and leisure tourism products (county leisure travel and new rural eco-tourism in suburban), the natural eco-tourism products(Qinghe primeval forest ecology study tour, two rivers primeval forest ecology study tour, Tuo River Baiyu cave study tour, adventure study travel of Bayundong, Tongqian Xiangshui spring visit) and tourism festivals (Yangba tea picking festival, culture and tourism festival). In a series of specific heritage protection and development programs listed in the local government protection policies also mentions the development of tangible and intangible cultural heritage. "Tourism Development Master Plan of Longnan City, Gansu Province (2012-2025)," proposed that the tourism development direction for Kang County is the landscape tourism and leisure vacation. The plan identified the layout of Kang tourism industry as "one belt and the two areas", among these the landscape leisure area is the region to the south of S307 which is at the core of the Yangba. The development ideas of the region rely on Yangba’s high-quality landscape resources, as well as tea cultivation resources, with landscape tourism, leisure vacation, tea culture experience as its main functions. Following the positioning of Longnan city's tourism planning to Kang, the plan for Yangba mainly centres on the three aspects of "landscape tourism, leisure, tea cultural experience". Simultaneously, combining with the facts of Yangba’s tourism development, the plan expanded and enriched the ecological quest of Xiaomomo Hill, Youfanggou self driving tourism and folk tourism of Taiping Town. "Wuma•Yuhe - Kang Yangba Area Tourism Master Plan of Wudu District, Longnan City(2014- 2025)" identifies the spatial structure of "one core, one ring, two belts, three areas", in which the Yangba is positioned as the tourism development center in the region, which gives a clear position of the importance of Yangba tourism. Among the functional areas determined in the layout of "a gallery, four towns, 11 areas", there are two towns in four areas involved in the plan, including four towns in the "Yangba tourist town, Taiping folk town, Meiyuan Gou ecological leisure resort, Youfang Gou outdoor camp experience area, Songgou Zen tea rural recreation area, and the Tuohe cave adventure area". The plan outlines the development positioning and key projects planning for each functional area. As the host of the planning of our plan, this plan refers to the function zoning planning, and strives to achieve the consistency of the planning to make the tourism development of Yangba in line with the overall tourism deployment of Longnan City. "Tourism Development Master Plan of Kang County (2014-2025)" is the general guide for the tourism development program of Kangxian for some time, which determines from a macro level to plan the development direction and goals of Kang tourism, and the plan clearly sets the overall goal of Kangxian into "China's most beautiful green ecological tourism county". The plan will be positioned as the county tourism spatial layout of "one core, three areas, five lines and nine districts", in which Yangba belongs to the southern natural scenery and cultural tourism sector which is divided into three major areas of "Meiyuan Gou natural scenery tourist area, the town of Taiping characteristic folk culture experience tourist areas and Longshen 48 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Gou Tuohe Baiyu Dong tourism area" and the development conceptions of three regions are proposed. Following the positioning of the Yangba area in "Kang Tourism Development Master Plan", and further deepening the concrete implementation approaches and projects about Yangba tourism can help the Yangba achieve a breakthrough in the scientific tourist guidance of Kang County. (5) Tanchang County In the decision of "the decision on accelerating tourism development", Tanchang County People's Government decided to centre on a main line (the construction of the Guan'e Gou national 5A level scenic spot and national geological park), to create three major scenic spots (the promotion of Guan’e Gou senic spot, the alteations of Hadapu red scenic, the scientific development of grassland tourist), to do the four combinations better (the combination between tourism development with key projects, traditional Chinese medicine industry, poverty alleviation, and characteristic culture), to pay close attention to the "1345" tourism development strategy with five focus( planning, construction, advocacy, management and promotion). "Tourism Development 13th Five Year Plan, Tanchang County" proposed the goal of achieving "the provincial strong county of tourism economy " and "the tourism demonstration county in south and southeast Gansu". It proposed to accelerate the construction of Guan’e Gou scenic spot and Hadapu red tourism scenic spot, to making the E’man Gou in Guan’e Gou scenic spot as the key development area, and gradually to develop the construction of the areas including Nanhe Gou, Bali grassland, Tanzi ranch and Xinghua grassland to form a multi-level scenic construction pattern and improve the tourist capacity of Dangchang. In order to achieve the goals of " the provincial strong county of tourism economy" and "the tourism demonstration county in south and southeast Gansu", “The tourism comprehensive reform construction plan of Guan’e Gou scenic spot, Tanchang County" proposes to base on the image positioning of " Qiang Yun nirvana, red resort”, to focus on building the large tourism layout of "green landscape as the skeleton, red tourism as signs, Qiang Tibetan folk culture as background”, to build the Guan’e Gou of Dangchanginto the core area of Gansu Silk Road, the leisure resort of the adjacent area of Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces, the composite type health tourism resort destination and the integration model of tourist and industry. and a three stages’ plan was formulated: the recent goal (solid development period: 201 5 - 2017), the medium-term goal (brand promotion period: 2018 - 2020), the long-term goal (the development of mature period: 2021 - 2025) (6) Hezheng County The tourism industry of Hezheng country has began to take its shape and the county adheres to the combination path of culture with tourism, carefully nurtures tourism culture and builds the tourism pillar industry comprehensively. It has invested RMB70 million successively, and has transformed the infrastructure of the national 4A level scenic spot of Songmingyan. A total RMB45.35 million had been invested to build the first and second phase of the ancient animal fossils museum, which has a total area of 65 mu and the area of building area of more than 8000 square meters. The museum has collected more than 30,000 pieces of ancient animal fossils including the exhibition of 2,000 pieces, becoming a museum with rich fossils and increasing popularity. The holding of various "Hua’er" festivals and inter-provincial tournaments help this wonderful folk art be in better protection, inheritance and development situation. and "Hua’er" in Songmingyan would be included in the intangible cultural heritage protection directory by Ministry of Culture. All of those lay a good foundation for the development of the tourism industry, and also provide a good space for the development of Hezheng. "The overall planning study of Hezheng county (2010-2030)" planed the overall structure layout of Hezheng County as Tourism Ribbon plan as "one core, one belt and five areas ". The one core refers to the central city located in the tourist comprehensive service area of the county, which is the county's tourism service center. The one belt refers to the Danancha River eco-tourism zone connecting the city center with Songmingyan Town. Some Villages including DaLang Township (farming picking area), Yang Ma Jia Village (Folk Village), XinJi Village (grassland tourist area), Dashanzi Village (paleontology Quest area) and WanRenQuan Village (farmhouse) are closely related with the represented function areas. Five areas refers to the five themes tourist areas, including the Paleontology Quest area; the tourist comprehensive service area, encompassing the central city; the ecological leisure resort in Songming Yan located in the south east of the county, including the Phoenix Valley tourist area, the Yaoshui Xia antique rover area, the adventure and fun 49 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II scenic spot and other attractions; the eco- agricultural tourism area located in the northwest corner of Hezheng County; the landscape entertainment area to the western of Ninghe, including Sanchahe military sports entertainment district, Temple ditch sightseeing Rover district, Liu beach water recreation area, and Tiegou fitness and recreation area. 2.4.2.3 Social Impacts Brought by Heritage Tourism Development (1) Impact on Local Society and Economy 1) Kongtong Mountain in Kongtong District The tourist attractions have been developed in Kongtong District is mainly Kongtong Mountain, Others such as Taitongshan and Nanshan are still underdeveloped. The characteristic of Kongtong Mountain scenic spot is integrated development of cultural industry, tourism, health and entertainment. It has built a set of sightseeing, leisure and health, cultural display, cultural studies and exchanges of martial arts and crafts sales as one of the cultural tourism industry system. Now it is endeavoring to build the western important humanistic ecology tourism base and the important node city in Gansu golden section of the Silk Road Economic Belt with the help of "13th Five Year Plan” Since its development, the scenic spot, have made outstanding contributions to the total economic growth in Kongtong District. In 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, Kongtong Mountain scenic spot ticket income in turn is RMB86.16 million, RMV100.96 million, RMB112.142 million and RMB120.759 million. In addition, the public values in Kongtong District gradually change with the increasing of the degree of attention of the heritage tourism to the traditional culture, making the public of the area taking the initiative to contribute their own strength to hometown. 2) Baili Grotto in Jingchuan County The formed scenic spots among Bali Grotto in Jingchuan County are the Wangmu Palace and Tianjia Gou ecological scenic spot. A set of leisure tourism areas including Dayun Temple, South Cave Temple scenic spot, Guanshan Forest Farm, Wang Village Er'shili Shop, Jade Kang Jia and Ruifeng Zhengjia Gou with functions of ecological, recreational, sightseeing and picking and entertainment into one are currently stepping up construction. Through carrying out the business ability training and renovating the management behavior of scenic spots, travel agencies, hotels and restaurants, the tourism market is more standardized, and the level of service is further improved. 3) Yunya Temple in Zhuanglang County In 2014, 42.7 thousand tourists visited Yunya Temple scenic spot and the ticket revenue is RMB1.28 million. After the implementation of the “Yunya Temple scenic spot 13th Five-Year Plan”, it is estimated that Zhuanglang County tourism will realize the transition from the ticket economy to comprehensive profitability mode, making full use of all kinds of resources, increasing tourism income through tickets, catering, accommodation, shopping, entertainment and so on. 4)Kang Yangba The development of tourism brought great social and economic benefits. Various aspects including tourism incomes, the local economic structure and industrial structure, employment, urbanization, transportation, the infrastructure of water and electricity have been greatly improved. In the past 5 years (from 2010 to 2014), the comprehensive tourism income is about RMB35.0075 million, which provided part of funds for the protection of local natural and cultural heritage. In terms of economic structure, before development of scenic spot, most of local residents’ income relied on plantation of crops, tea and medicinal materials. With development of the scenic spot and implementation of grain for green project, young people mostly go for migrant work. Main income come from peasant inn and stalls. The exploitation of scenic spots promoted the development of tertiary industry in terms of industrial structure. In terms of employment, it also provided plenty of job for local people, such as the sanitation worker, serviceman, farmhouse entertainments, businessman, the ticket inspector and so on, which broke the former living pace. Many farmers became service staff of the scenic spot. With the future development of the scenic spot, more job opportunities will emerge, which fitted well with the goal of reducing absolute poverty and sharing prosperity of economy. The gradual development of the scenic spot increased the income of local 50 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II people around it and enhanced the local construction. Transport is the most important factor in the development of scenic spots. So far, all scenery spots are covered with roads, water and electricity supply, which greatly facilitates the surrounding villages. 5)Guan’e Gou in Tanchang County Local tourism is gradually becoming a pillar industry of the government, with the increase of investment in the scenic spot, the tourist, tourism revenue and ticket revenue increased year by year. There is a significant improvement in the traffic conditions of Guan’e Gou scenic spot through the investment in construction, which broadened the channels of communication with the outside world, and also broadened the markets of Guan’e Gou Medicinal materials (Scutellariae, motherwort herb, wild chrysanthemum and some other Chinese herbal medicine). It provided plenty of job for local people, such as the sanitation worker, serviceman, farmhouse entertainments, businessman, the ticket inspector and so on, which broke the former living pace. Many farmers became service staff of the scenic spot. With the future development of the scenic spot, there will come more job opportunities, which fitted well with the goal of reducing absolute poverty and sharing prosperity of economy. With the development of scenic spots, the urbanization rate has increased year by year, from 22.1% in 2013 to 24% in 2014 respectively. 6) Paleontological Fossil Museum, Songming Yan Scenic Spot in Hezheng County Paleontological fossil Museum, Songming Yan Scenic spot and "Hua’er" are the three trump cards of Hezheng County, The government vigorously developed the local cultural and natural heritage tourism based on them, and the tourism revenue increased from RMB71 million in 2005 to RMB160 million in 2014, which means a net increase of RMB89 million and an average annual growth rate of 15.7%. The promotion of tourism revenues benefited the local government, and also brought revenue for the people involved in the scenic spot, which solved the employment issue as well. As a result, there is an increase of service revenue from RMB75.8 million in 2005 to RMB322.83 million now, the net increase is RMB247.03 million yuan and the average annual growth rate is 33.6%. Undoubtably the development of heritage tourism in Hezheng County promoted the rapid development of local society and economy. (2) Impact on Surrounding Residents 1) Kongtong Mountain in Kongtong District Kongtong Mountain, as a National 5A tourist attraction, has great impact on the village living around it. Kongtong Mountain mainly includes Kongtong Town and some villages around it, the impact of scenic spot on the villages and the distance between them has a negative correlation (the shorter the distance, the bigger the impact; on the contrary, the farther the distance, the smaller the impact). Overall, the development of the scenic spot has a positive influence on these villiages, for example, Kongtong Town has developed a number of jobs for accommodation, catering, entertainment and some other job opportunities based on its geographical advantages, the villagers near the Kongtong Town also chose to take part–time works to earn more money. 2) Baili Grottoes in Jingchuan County The impact of the development of Baili Grottoes scenic spot for surrounding residents is mainly manifested in employment, income, labor force structure, the empty nest phenomenon and the value view. It is found that the scenic spot only can provide limited jobs for the local community residents through the visiting and the investigation study and questionnaire investigation analysis of nearby residents in Baili Grottoes project area. The workers mainly contain the cleaners, maintenance person and the inspector. Besides, the scenic spots under construction provide part of the construction jobs. But due to poor treatment, young people go for migrant work all the year round. In recent 5 years, a total population of 460.4 thousand labors export in Jingchuan County so that the empty nest phenomenon in the surrounding communities of the scenic spot is prominent. 51 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II With the entrance to the scenic area of people with different identities, different cultures and different places, the scenic development is strengthening gradually. The value of local people is also influenced slowly. People’s pursuit is further improved, and they start to increase their family income, living standard and other aspects through a variety of ways. 3) Yunya Temple in Zhuanglang County It can increase the employment opportunities and income of local residents after the implementation of the project. It would improve the living conditions of local residents, including the construction of roads and other infrastructures, which will benefit the surrounding residents. It would improve the cultural quality of local residents, establish a positive moral standards and values and establish a wide range of community pride. It also would establish a good social atmosphere and improve the satisfaction of local residents. 4) Yangba in Kang County The impact of the heritage tourism development on the surrounding residents is mainly manifested in employment, income, labor force structure and the empty nest phenomenon and value view. The development of tourism provides more employment opportunities for the local residents. According to the data from Yangba Tourism Bureau: The number of temporary hired staff are total of 29 (24 men and 5 women) who are all the scenic area residents. The company signed an employment agreement with each of them, and the general limitation is one year. After the expiration of the time, the agreements can be renewed. All employees are at the age between 35 and 58 years old, and the education degree of them is distributed in high school, junior high school and primary school. Through the interviews with residents in the vicinity of the scenic area and questionnaire analysis methods, it is found that the tourism participation of the residents in Yangba is low. Many residents did not get the corresponding benefits from the development of the scenic spot. Due to the cancellation of the only primary school in the scenic spot which attribute to the scenic development, many families choose to work in the county to accompany children study, which leads the phenomenon of empty nest families. With the in-depth development of the scenic spot, people with different identities, different cultures and different places, the scenic development is strengthening gradually. The value of local people is also influenced slowly. People’s pursuit i s further improved, and they start to increase their family income, living standard and other aspects through a variety of ways. 5) Guane Gou in Tanchang County The impact of the development of Guane Gou for residents in the vicinity is mainly manifested in employment, income, labor force structure and the empty nest phenomenon and value view. By visiting the area and residents and carrying out the questionnaire survey and analysis, the development of the area does not benefit all people. Jobs provided by the scenic spot for the local community residents is limited, mainly in the environmental protection personnel, maintenance personnel, farmhouse, traders, inspector and other high diploma guiders and narrators. Many of the Tibetan and Qiang peoples are distributing around Guane Gou scenic spot. Due to the lack of funds and technology, the local residents are constrained to stall some local products. Migrant work, peasant inn and setting up shops are the main income sources for the family. The community residents surrounding the scenic spot primarily go for migrant work and some families occur the empty nest phenomenon. The development of the scenic spot brings a larger benefit for a few shops, farmhouses and staff. With the further development and expansion, local residents are willing to join themselves into the service work of the scenery spot. With the in-depth development of the scenic spot, people with different identities, different cultures and from different places enter the scenic spot. The value of local people is also influenced slowly. People’s pursuit is further improved, and they start to increase their family income, living standard and other aspects through a variety of ways. 52 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 6) Palaeotherium fossils Museum and Songming Yan Scenic Spot in Hezheng County Starting with land acquisition and relocation work for the development of heritage tourism since the year of 2005, Songming Town of Hezheng County has finished a total land acquisition of 200 households and the relocation of 100 households. For resettlement farmers, the government has built a well-off village and given RMB50 thousand for each household as a subsidy. At the same time, centering on the "comparatively well-off village", the governments construct catering, entertainment and other service facilities, provide opportunities and platform for the local public to shift to professional identity, to participate in the development of the service industry, which also provides accommodation, catering and other services for tourists in Songming Yan Scenic Area. The construction of local infrastructure not only lays the foundation for heritage tourism development, but also plays a positive role for promoting the life quality of the resident’ in the vicinity. (3) Impact on Tourists Kongtong Mountain is the earliest one in the development of the six scenic spots, where the traffic, water, communications, environmental health and public service facilities are all relatively perfect. In addition to a better tourism development and investment environment, the number of tourists in 2014 has reached RMB2.405 million. The tourism development of the other 5 project area is in the initial stage, where the infrastructure is not perfect with less tourists who mainly come from the nearby towns and local area. 图 2-10 项目区游客 Number of people 图 Fig 2-10 Tourists number of the project areas 2.4.2.4 The Problems Existing in the Development of Heritage Tourism in the Project Area (1)Kongtong District Owning rich cultural heritage, but the display and the use of the scenic resources of Kongtong Mountain is difficult. With profound Taoism thought, but the related attractions such as “Wendao Palace", "Yellow Emperor Wendao Palace" in the scenic area were rebuilt buildings that with low history value, low utilization level, which are unable to express the profound connotation of "Taoism thought" adequately; The lack of full expression in the utilization of the scenic spots also gives no full play to the value of the core scenic 53 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II resources. In addition, with many management agencies, the overlap of management area and management function is not conducive to the overall protection and utilization of scenic resources. Field survey proves that although Kongtong Mountain has been developed very early, the degree of tourism service from the surrounding communities is still very low. The scenic development did not fully take care of public’s interests nearby, and the communities participate in tourism in the ways of engaging in farmhouses at the foot of the mountain and setting up a stall to sell low-end tourism commodities. The employment training in tourism should be conducted for the nearby public who are willing to participate in tourism service surrounding the scenic spot, so as to help them to involve in all aspects of the tourism industry. The lack of unified management in the aspect of the tourism commodities’ sale makes that the sale of small commodities is in a stereotyped mode. The lack of characteristics results in the low value of goods. The scenic spot should develop the local featureed tourism products actively and conduct unified management to form a cultural brand on tourism image that can represent Kongtong Mountain. The survey also finds that the development between Buddhism and Taoism in Kongtong Mountain is not balanced. Not only the income of Taoist and Buddhist is low, but the accommodation is poor. The age structure is irrational. Most of the religious practitioners come from other provinces. Their benefit safeguard from scenic spot is insufficient. So the future development plan of scenic spots should firstly guarantee the interests of religious practitioners, respect their normal religious activities and give the corresponding policies to achieve the sustainable development of religious tourism in Kongtong Mountain. (2)Jingchuan County “‘13th Five Year-Year’ plan of Jingchuan County” and "13th Five Year-Year Plan of Tourism Industry development" both put forward the outstanding tourism development plan. Create special tourism brand and integrate into the regional cooperation actively will have a significant and far-reaching impact on Jingchuan county's tourism. At present, the development degree of Baili Grottoes is low and most of the caves has been abandoned. The developed grottoes of Wangmu Palace and Nan Grotto Temple are only a few part of the Baili Grottoes. In the future work, the local government needs to formulate relevant policies to strengthen the protection and development of Baili Grottoes. (3)Zhuanglang County In recent years, in the protection and development of natural and cultural heritage and the development of tourism planning, Zhuanglang County has introduced a series of planning schemes, which puts forward a detailed plan for the development of the tourism industry and pays attention to poverty alleviation and development issues surrounding scenic spot. However, as state-level poverty-stricken counties, the lack of funding is difficult to be solved to achieve the planned objectives in the short term. With the support of internal and external funds, we should step by step solve the problem of protection and infrastructure construction of natural and cultural heritage firstly. But the target of “‘13th Five Year’ tourism development plan of Yunya Temple scenic spot" is too high to be achieved at the current status and capital investment of the scenic spot. In the implementation process of "poverty alleviation programs of Yunya Temple scenic spot", we should listen to the views of local people and meet their interest demands to avoid unilateral government decisions. Appropriate poverty reduction programs should be promoted according to local conditions; and the construction projects involving the interests of the poor should establish the project monitoring mechanism to ensure the normal functioning of the project and the normal operation of funds. Current problems in the plan and construction of Yunya Temple scenic spot, Zhuanglang County are: The first is the poor tourist traffic. Zhuanglang County lacks railroads and highways, which has become the bottleneck of the local tourism development; the second is the lack of capital investment. Serious shortage of investment has become a key factor restricting the development of tourism; the third is the lagging development and construction situation. The existing infrastructure and service facilities of the scenic spot are lagging behind and are still in the stage of continuous reform. The scenic spot has no food, lodging, and other entertainment facilities now, which can not meet the needs of tourism; the fourth is the insufficient promotion. Because of the limited tourism income, the lack of promotion budget, the insufficient promotion, the low depth and breadth of publicity, the propaganda effect is inconspicuous; The fifth is the low 54 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II management level. The scenic management mode has a conditionality to the development of scenic spot to mix administrative management with operation as a whole. The management tends to executive focus. Besides, without systematic and high-standard training of tourist service, the staff have low service skills and weak service capacity; the sixth is the blank of tourism products. In the early stage of development, the scenic spot is in a low level of construction. The product attractiveness is not strong, the market operation means is single, and the design, production, sales market for special tourist souvenirs has not been formed, which results in the lagging of tourism commodities and the failure of forming tourist destination; the seventh is the problem of religious management. Until now, the management system of religious sites and scenic management system have not been unified. Divergence between the development and construction of religious and administrative planning and construction still exists. Some special religious activities contradict with the cultural heritage protection principles, such as the improper repairs of the ancient buildings and statues. (4)Kang County From the perspective of local government and scenic tourism development, the development plan of Yangba scenic spot is received high attention, and it has become a landscape business card in the south and southeast Gansu area. Types of plans all presented a detailed development plan on the future development of the Yangba scenic spot, and the applicable periods are more than 10 years, providing a more adequate time span. But the tourism development plans between government at all levels and the scenic differ from each other in a certain level. To the effective implementation of plan, it should be consistent in the development of objectives and implementation plan. After the survey, it is realized that Yangba is far away from the core city, and there are 82 kilometers away from Kang County. Besides, the road to Yangba is narrow and winding mountain road with bad transport facilities so that the transportation construction should be put in the first place of Yangba tourism. The plan of Yangba scenic spot and the protection and development of the other natural and cultural heritages of Kang County both require substantial fund investment. As a state-level poverty-stricken county, Kang County apparently lacks sufficient funds, which needs the funds support from the higher levels of government and relevant organizations. Without sufficient funds, it will result in the noneffective implementation of all protection and development plans. Fieldwork also finds that the local public’s interest has not been fully guaranteed in the current development situation of Yangba scenic spot. The farmers gets no compensation for the land occupied by scenic infrastructures and the relocation compensation is relatively low. In order to have a unified plan, the behavior of building houses without permission and random planting of the crops are prohibited. Even a unified regulation of the cultivation of crops was put forward. Without smooth access to express their interest demands, it is easy to occur confliction between the development of scenic spot and interest of local communities. The only primary school in the scenic spot was converted for other use, and the local children had to go to 20 kilometers away from the school in Yangba town. To take care of their children, young parents must read along, resulting in a waste of labor to some extent and which brought considerable inconvenience to the local public life. Because of the low participation of tourism services, local public have very little income. Simultaneously, with few policies, tourism development does not give real benefits to the public. (5)Tanchang County Aimed at the theme of protecting and developing cultural and natural heritage, the project will effectively protect valuable cultural and natural heritage. To create a better platform for tourism, to achieve the goals of "the province's tourism economy county", "the tourism demonstration county in the south and southeast Gansu area" and "5A level scenic spot", Tanchang County pays attention to the areas such as the top brands scenic spot, boutique tourist routes, rural tourism development, tourism culture development and tourism commodities in its "13th Five Year" tourism development plan. With a very clear direction and a reasonable plan to protect and develop the advantages of local natural and cultural heritage adequately, and by following the existing plan in the future development, the county will certainly be able to achieve the desire of promoting local economic development by tourism and helping the local people get rid of poverty. The situations found during the field survey should be improved in the future development plan. Due to the high altitude, tourists and operators mainly concentrate in the months from April to October every year. and the time is too limited. The narrow road leading to the scenic spot is at the edge of the gully, and vehicular traffic has no clear indication. Tourists are not satisfied with management of local tourism charges. 55 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II So the rational construction and proper distribution of the local stalls are needed. The establishment of a unified control mechanism in commodity prices is needed. The government should support and help the families that suffer from economic difficulties and are willing to join the scenic operation. (6)Hezheng County The protection and development of "Hua’er," is not only an urgent task of local government, but the local communities should actively participate in to promote "Hua’er Festival" to relieve the festival restrictions, to promote the formation of industrialization of the "Hua’er", which would help the local communities and successors be able to obtain the corresponding benefits from "Hua’er" art performances. The tourism development policy and plan of Songming Yan scenic spot focuses on two aspects: On the one hand, it is to increase the surrounding infrastructure of scenic spot, including road widening, expanding the size of the service sector, ski slopes construction to increase tourism service projects; On the other hand, it is to develop tourism projects related to the watching, studying and displaying of intangible cultural heritage"Hua’er" through the construction of Hua’er culture base. For its peculiarities, the fossils Museum focused on the protection of collections and research in heritage tourism development policies and planning, such as the fossil collections maintenance and reinforcement, No.1 museum storeroom upgrading, private fossils collection, voice navigation system construction and so on. By improving the quantity and quality of fossil collections and the museum hardware facilities, it is hoped to develop the potential tourism of the scenic spot and to attract more tourists. For example, the collections’ protection and promotion of "the world's seven most" would attract researchers and domestic and foreign tourists to come to study and watch. 2.4.3 Analysis of Cultural and Natural Heritage Management Situation in the Project Area Based on field survey, the SA team found that cultural and natural heritage management agencies had been set up in every scenic spots and related cultural and natural heritage protection and development policy, the scenic management system, institutional responsibilities, fee standards and management models, etc had been lay down in accordance with Chinese laws and policies. However, the management capability of the scenic spots has great difference and is .reflected as follows. 2.4.3.1 Current Charge Status of Heritage Tourism Each scenic spot in the project area has a definite charge standard. The better developed scenic spot has a complete scenic spot charging system, such as Kongtong Mountain. Due to the low level of development, other scenic spots only have the scenic ticket charge. The parking fee is RMB5-10 per hour. The scenic spot charges in the farmhouses and shops have no uniform standard. The fee is determined by the level and location of the farmhouses and the types of shops and goods. (1)Kongtong Mountain in Kongtong District Peak season RMB120 per person; Off season RMB60 per person Scenic shuttle bus: RMB 20 per person (one way); former mountain cable car: RMB 20 per person (one way) Boats: RMB15 per person (one way) Cableway: RMB50 per person (one way); RMB 90 per person (round trip) Buddhist cuisine: RMB30 per person The scenic spots of Kongtong Wutai, Imperial City, Tayuan, Tanzhengxia, Yanzhixia and Xiangshan implement the pass system. 56 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (2)Wangmu Gong in Jingchuan County Table 2-13 The Ticket Prices category of Wangmu Palace, Jingchuan County Listing price (Yuan per Preferential price Ticket Types Description person) (Yuan per person) Full ticket 20 More than 16 people: 20% discount Half fare ticket 10 Over age 60 and a student ticket Free ticket 0 0 Over age 70 and children under 1.2 meters (3)Yunya Temple in Zhuanglang County Table 2-14 The Ticket Price Category of Yunya Temple, Zhuanglang County Listing price Preferential Price Ticket Types Description (Yuan per person) (Yuan per person) Full ticket 60 20 Residents of Zhuanglang County holding own ID card enjoy a price of RMB20 per person Group tickets 45 More than 10 people (including 10) Travel agencies 45 30 Generally follows group ticket price. Those who holds an agreement enjoys RMB30 per person. Half fare ticket 30 10 Over age 60 and student ticket Free ticket 0 0 Over age 70 and children under 1.2 meters (4) Yangba in Kang County Table 2-15 The Ticket Price Category of Yangba, Kang County Price of Recreation Facilities Parking Title Ticket Stores Guide Peasant Inn (sight-seeing bus) Fee Fee 40 per Local Local 28 per person RMB 5/hr. RMB 1,500 / (Yuan) person standards standards month (5) Guan’e Gou in Tanchang County The ticket price of Guan’e Gou scenic spot is 40 yuan per person, and the parking fee is 10 yuan / time. There is no uniform standard in charges of scenic farmhouse and shops, the fee of which is depended on the level and location of farmhouse, shops of goods. (6) Palaeotherium Fossils Museum and Songming Yan Scenic Spot in Hezheng County Hezheng County Ancient Animal Fossil Museum implements free tickets system. Ticket for Songming Yan scenic spot is 50 yuan per person. 2.4.3.2 Heritage Tourism Management Organization of Heritage Tourism Scenic Spot (1) Management Organization Each scenic management office or the administration bureau such as Yangba natural scenic spot management office, Songming Yan scenic spot administration bureau, Kongtong Mountain administration bureau and Yunya Temple tourism administration bureau are responsible for the daily operation and management of scenic spots and for the implementation of the government policies. Baili Grottoes is managed by Wangmu Palace scenic spot administration bureau because only the Western Wangmu Palace has been developed. Guan’e Gou scenic spot is managed by the tourism development corporation. and Hezheng Ancient Animal Fossils National Geological Park haS established the management committee. 57 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Functions of the scenic management organizations are basically the same with different responsibilities according to the actual scenic situation. (2) Management Mode and Personnel Composition Currently, the management modes of all scenic spots are government-oriented with their specific managements in different ways. Kongtong Mountain, Yunya Temple in Zhuanglang, Yangba in Kang County, Guan’e Gou in Tanchang County have either set up or prepare to set up administration bureau to be responsible for the protection and development of scenic spots. Due to the dispersion of scenic spots in Jingchuan County and Hezheng County, a CMC that is responsible for the protection of scenic spots and also provide tourism infrastructure services is established in respective scenic spot. However, the disadvantage of this decentralized management is obvious, such as scenic fragmentation, the lack of unified planning and only the primary tourist services are provided. Composition of management agency staff of each scenic spot is showed in Table 2-16. Table 2-16 The Constitute Table of Management Personnel in Project Areas Unit: person General Staff Education Cadres Level Area Name Total staff Below college Professionals Tourist Guide Section Level Section level Engagement Higher than Interpreter Personnel Logistics Workers College Guide Kongtong 599 2 27 228 77 - 19 12 - - Mountain Wangmu Palace, 44 - 10 - - 4 3 18 14 Jingchuan County Yumya Temple, Zhuanglang 41 3 11 10 - - - 29 - County Yangba Guan’e 53 - - 10 29 6 8 - - Gou in Kang Guan’e Gou 126 8 - 32 58 6 4 - Ancient Animal Fossils National 47 2 12 - - - - - - Geopark, Hezheng County 2.5 Tangible impacts derived from implementation of the project In addition to laying out the basic profile of the project area, overview of tourism development, poverty status, cultural and natural heritage in the project area, the positive and negative impact derived from the 58 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II project were also discussed in the chapter. The SIA team also analyzed the tangible impact derived from the project based on field survey and data from the feasibility study report (see Table 2-18). Table 2-18. Tangible impacts derived from the project Project Title Tangible impacts derived from the project 1. Cultural and Natural Heritage ① When implementation of the project ends, which is the Protection and Development year 2022, it is estimated that 7,246 people in 6 ① Activities to protect cultural counties/ district will receive training and they will and natural heritage receive training in terms of community organization, ② Activities to sustainably integrated tourism development, peasant inn develop cultural and natural operation, as well as development of featured products heritage and services; ③ Activities to enhance value ② 3300 temporary job opportunities will be provided to of cultural and natural community residents in project construction process. It heritage is estimated that 6000 job opportunities will be provided to tourism services; ③ After implementation of the project (2023), 5.6944 million of tourists and community residents will benefit directly from the project, among which 5.5833 million are tourists; ④ Development of tourism related industry. It is estimated that average per capita expenditure will reach RMB238 in 2022, which is an increase of RMB153 compared with average per capita expenditure of RMB85 before project implementation. Purchasing power of tourists be be enhanced. ⑤ Development of tourism will strengthen local community residents’ awareness on protecting natural and cultural heritage. 2. Community Development ①. The project will foster 31 community organizations; ① Cultivation and service of ②. Through capacity building, 22,220 community residents community organization will benefit directly from the project, and 111,100 ② Community capacity people will benefit in-directly from the project, among building project which 622,216 are community women; ③ Scenic spot and community ③. Through project implementation, more than 120 small research and demonstration business related to tourism services will be supported; project ④. Scenic spot and community research will contribute to community’ sustainably participating in tourism development of scenic spot, and will promote heritage conservation and will share development results of scenic spot; 59 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II ⑤. Project implementation will lift 372,200 poor people in 6 counties/ district out of poverty; ⑥. Through project implementation, 996 people will receive thematic training on peasant inn . It is estimated that 250 new peasant inn will be developed. 3. Cultural Heritage and ①. The project will improve community infrastructure. Infrastructure Construction 30.78 km of country road is expected to be repaired; ②. Through project implementation, 139.422 km of sewage pipe will be improved; ③. Improvement of infrastructure will directly or indirectly benefit about 3.1986 million rural population; ④. The project will build 4 museums, 27 heritage sites and will enhance value of cultural and natural heritage. 60 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Chapter3 Analysis of the Stakeholder in the Project Area 3.1 Identification of the Stakeholder The World Bank raised the concepts of “stakeholder” in its assistance strategies and divided them into groups. The stakeholder refers to “the people who have influence on or are influenced by the operations and strategies of the World Bank” (World Bank 1994:1). With the premise of poverty alleviation as its target, the SIA team divided the stakeholders into the following groups: (1) Community residents, which refer to the targets of developing project, especially those who are lacking in information and power and who are excluded from the process of development. The group includes the poor, unemployed women, ethnic minorities and so on. (2) The government departments associated with culture protection and tourism, which means, the agencies that are responsible for or execute the project implementation of the second phase. (3) The private institutions of tourism development, which mainly include service industry, commodity business enterprise, business units, petty dealers and so on in the project areas and the surroundings. According to the definition above, the assessment team drew their conclusion based on the field investigation, and they identified that the stakeholder and the main stakeholder of “World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phases Table 3-1 Related Stakeholders List Location Scenic Area Main Stakeholder Kongtong Area, Pingliang Kongtong Moutain Zhuanglang County, Pingliang Yunya Temple Jingchuan County, Pingliang Bali Grottoes Community residents Owner Construction units Tanchang County, Longnan Guan'e Gou Tourist Administration Cultural Affairs Bureau Kang County, Longnan Yang Dam Songmingyan and Ancient Animal Hezheng County, Lingxia Fossil Museum 3.1.1 Community Residents The concept of community in the report refers to the Administrative in the projet area. Adminnistrative villages are the grassroots administration unit in China. Usually one administration village covers several natural villages. According to Chinese administration hierarchy, the administration level consist of the central government, provincial (autonomous region, municipality) government, city (prefecture) government, county (district) government, township government and administrative villages. The community residents are villagers. Community residents are the protectors of the natural and cultural heritage, and also the attendants of the project. During implementation of the project, the community residents possess the right to monitor the project. The PMOs would timely correct possible errors occur during im, plementation of the project according to the feedback of monitoring by the community public. After the fulfillment of the project, the community residents can not only be benefited from the project, but also supervise the following maintenance management. Improving the communal facilities could also improve the life quality of residents. The various skill training could also improve the employability of the residents. Thus we can reach the goal of “alleviate absolute poverty, share economic prosperity” advocated by the World Bank. 61 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II All the community residents next to the project area are the main stakeholders of the project. The requirements of the residents should be taken a full consideration. Whether the project can make the communities be prosperous is one of standards to assess the project is successful or not. The achievement shared by the community residents is the foundation to fulfilling “the Twin Goals” mentioned above. Table 3-1 Stakeholder Analysis Table Title of Main Stakeholders Administr Scenic Government Community Private Sector ative Area Spot Organization Tourism Bureau of Xigou Village Peasant Inn Pingliang City Jiaju Village Hotels nearby scenic Kongtong Tourism Bureau of Gaoling Village spot District Kongtong District Qihe Village Catering companies Kongtong Pingliang Administration Zhonghe Village nearby scenic spot Mountain City Committee of Souvenir sales Kongtong companies nearby Mountain Scenic scenic spot Spot stalls Tourism Luohan Dong Peasant Inn Administration Wanyan Village Hotels nearby scenic Zhuanglan Bureau of Yunya Gongchi Village spot g County Temple Yanfeng Village Catering companies Yunya Pingliang Tianchi Village nearby scenic spot Temple City Souvenir sales companies nearby scenic spot stalls Wangmu Palace Guoman Village Peasant Inn Scenic Spot Shiqiao Village Hotels nearby scenic Administration spot Jingchuan Bureau Catering companies County Baili nearby scenic spot Pingliang Grottoes City Souvenir sales companies nearby scenic spot stalls Tourism Luren Village Peasant Inn Development Xinping Village Hotels nearby scenic Tanchang Company Yuezangpu Village spot County Guan'e Guan'e Village Catering companies Longnan Gou Lijie Village nearby scenic spot City Washeping Village Souvenir sales Daheba Village companies nearby Xinchengzi Village scenic spot 62 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II stalls Yangba Scenic Spot Yinbazi Village Peasant Inn Administration Laojiangba Village Hotels nearby scenic Zhuangke Village spot Kang Liujiaba Village Catering companies County Yangba nearby scenic spot Longnan City Souvenir sales companies nearby scenic spot stalls Songmingyan Diaotan Village Peasant Inn Scenic Spot Zhongxin Village Hotels nearby scenic Songming Administration Cheba Village spot Hezheng yan and Bureau Dashanzhuang Catering companies County Palaeothe Hezheng Village nearby scenic spot Linxia rium Palaeotherium Bianpo Village Souvenir sales Prefecture Fossils Fossils National Ketuo Village companies nearby Museum Geopark scenic spot Administration stalls Committee ★ Village here is the grassroots administrative unit in China. Generally speaking, one administrative village is composed of several natural villages. The village mentioned in the report refers to administrative village, which is same concept as “community” or “rural community” of the project. 3.1.2 The Government Departments Associated with Culture Protection and Tourism The project covers 3 prefectural level cities and 6 counties (districts). The 3 prefectural level cities include Pingliang city, Longnan city and Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. The six counties (districts) consist of Kongtong district, Jingchuan County, and Zhuanglang County under the auspice of Pingliang city government, and Kang County, Tanchang County under the auspice of Longnan city government as well as Hezheng County in Lingxia. The tourism bureaus and the scenic spot management committees are direct loan borrowers and beneficiaries. 3.1.3 The Commercial and Private Institutions The commercial and private institutions such as farmers’ homestay inns, the enterprises and petty dealers, are located around the scenic area. They could expand the scale of the World Bank project beneficiaries through serving the community residents and tourists, and share the achievement of World Bank project. The SIA team noted that there exists different awareness on project components, impacts and beneficiary resulted from the project by PRA (participatory rural appraisal) method and analysis of near 1,000 questionnaires. Table 3-2 indicates the awareness differences of different stakeholders. 63 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table 3-2 Awareness on project components, impacts and beneficiary derived from the project Awareness Stakeholder Project component Project impact Project beneficiary The government tends to Government officials hold They believe that the local establish more optimistic attidude about government and tourist infrastructure facilities. the influence of the project will be the biggest Most officials would often and believe that the beneficiaries. ignore community implementation of the Government participation and gender. project will lead to the development of the tourism industry, promote the social and economic development. They hope that the The life quality would be The community would be community infrastructure significantly improved benefited from such as road, drinking through better off of the improvement of water and living infrastructure facilities. infrastructure facilities. environment will be Farm products will be well Communnity improved. marketed, transportation cost would be decreased and communications with outide would be more convenient. Hope the infrastructure The impact of the scenic Private sectores are one of facilities and living spots would be enhanced direct beneficiary groups environment around the through implementation of of the project. Private scenic spots will be the project and more sectors enhanced. tourists would come, increasing their sales income. 3.2 Approaches for Stakeholders to Participate in the Project It is necessary for the local government to create opportunities and approaches that the public can participate in. The government should offer convenient access for the public through symposiums of various 64 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II kinds (such as symposium between government officials and public representatives, between scenic area managers and community organizations, or about experiences of the beneficiary community), tourists interviews, free prior informed consultation of the main stakeholders, policy advisory of natural and cultural heritage protection, internet survey, interchange activity of the community organizations and so on. The local government, which includes the department of tourist resource management and the department of tourist market management, should formulate beneficial planning and ideas for tourism. When they formulate the policy to protect and develop natural and cultural heritage, it is necessary to change the traditional decision-making mechanism which includes “elite” pattern and “top-down” decision-making mechanism to a new mode which combine the “top-down” and “bottom-up” decision-making mechanism together. They can consult different groups of stakeholders, especially the ideas of those who live around the scenic area and ideas from women and the old. It can provide favorable external conditions for the World Bank loan employed in the second phase of Gansu natural and cultural heritage protection, and thus sustainable development can be promoted. The community organizations should participate in and supervise the implementation of the project, and put referenced advices forward vigorously for the local government. In consideration of the current situation that there are no community organizations in the scenic spots, it is necessary to invite experts studying community organizations during implementation of the project. Through providing the organizational construction, institutional improvement and series of capacity building, the development of community organizations can be promoted, and it can also be concluded in the implementation and management of the World Bank project. 3.3 The Needs Assessment of the Stakeholders and Mitigation Measures The SA team used PRA methods such as villagers’ symposiums or interviews to analyze the needs for community development. Considering the requirement of social gender, the villagers were divided into two groups of men and women. Their needs were ranked according to the details, and possible solutions were raised through communicating with the community representatives. 3.3.1 The Joint Needs of the Communities in the Six Project Areas The SA team analyzed the needs from the thirty communities located in the 6 sub-projects, thus concluded the following joint needs. (1) Hatching Community Organizations The social organizations of the six scenic areas develops passively. There are few associations or organizations related to natural and cultural heritage development in Kongtong area, one farmers' cooperation in Songmingyan, and none community organizations in the rest of scenic spots. The needs assessment proved that the areas around the scenic spots were in need of community organizations as a platform of community development. Since the geographical location of the communities is quite different, and there is big differences among their natural resources, every community should build diversified community organizations according to their own characteristics. For instance, the communities around the Kongtong Mountain scenic spot can set up “rural family inn associations”, Yangba area, which is located in Kang County, can set up a “Yangba local specialty association”, Bali Grottoes can build community co-management association” and so on. It is advisable that after the World Bank project is initiated, the project management organization should develop the organizations, help every scenic spot to establish their own community organizations, provide necessary capacity building project for the newly registered community organizations, and improve the community organizations in a healthy way. (2) Implementation of community development projects The communities around the scenic spots are usually very impovershed and are lacking in money for development. The assessment proves that the residents in those communities are in bad need of the loan from the World Bank to help them improve rural infrastructure such as road and bridge establishemnt, water supply , and tourism service, etc. All those development projects require a large number of financial support. 65 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (3) Technical Training Through needs assessment, the SIA team found that the communities around the scenic area were the most likely to get the chance of training. The technical training includes rural home inns management, tourism service, labor skills training, E-commerce management, internet technical training, tourism product processing, and women employment guidance. The community representatives considered that those technical training can improve farmers’ income and increase employment opportunities. (4) Alternative Livelihoods Those scenic areas developed their tourism from 1990s to 2006. The developing projects initiated land requisition, demolishing and immigration which lead to the problem of none alternative livelihoods for those landless famers in the six project areas. People in those communities have been living on small-scale plating, livestock raising and migrant work which can only earn little. What’s more, due to the recently market depression, there are little migrant work left. It has become difficult for the famers to make a living. Therefore, it is essential to support the communities around the scenic spots to seek alternative livelihoods. (5) Infrastructure Construction The 6 project areas cover 30commuities which fall behind on the infrastructure construction. It leads to difficulties in rubbish treatment, toilet cleaning, and sewage emission. Tables 3-3 reflects the infrastructure needs of the 6 project areas. Table 3-3 Needs for Infrastructure of the Communities Around the Project Areas Project Ecological Sewage treatment Refuse processing plant Activity space Project area toilet plant Zhonghe Kongtong Xigou village Xigou village village, Xigou - Mountain village Luohandong village, Luohandong Luohandong village, Baili Grottoes Wanyan village, Gongchi village, - Wanyan village, village Wanyan village Gongchi village Yunya temple Guoman village Guoman village - - Yang Dam Liujiaba village - - - Xinping village, Luren village, Yuezangpuvillage, Luren villge, Waheping village, Guan'e Gou - Xinchengzi village, Xinping village Daheba village, Lijie Daheba village village Diaotan village、Bianpo Zhongxinvillage, village, Cheba village, Songmingyan - - Dashanzhong Zhongxin village, Ketuo village village 3.3.2 Different Needs of the 6 Project Areas Apart from the joint needs of the 6 sub-project areas, each village or community has its own needs that were laid out in Tables from 3-4 to 3-9 as follows. 66 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table 3-4 Needs Assessment and Mitigation Measure of the Communities around Kongtong Mountain, Pingliang City Community Needs assessment Mitigation Measure /Village Tourism service training. Community development projects, Jiazui village including community organization incubation, capacity building. 1. Hardening of Damaquan and the Because the village is located in the core Xiaomaquan road of 5.3 km; of the natural conservation area, rural Zhonghe 2. Buried underground pipe network; infrastructure must be cancelled. But the village 3. Arrangement of waste collection points; community development projects, 4. Need jobs skills training. including community organization incubation, capacity building were kept. Tourism service training. Community development projects, Qihe village including community organization incubation, capacity building. 1. Needs hardening of Ganjiafen Infrastructure: community road of 1 km; hardening of Dongshe, Xishe, and Miaozhuang 1. Hardening of 4.5 km of community community road of 2 km; Hardening of the road, among which 1km from the resettlement area road of 3 km; peasant inn concentrated area in half 2. The problem of garbage around the hillside to Ganjiafenshe, 1 km from village community is outstanding. Need to Miaozhuang to front of scenic spot, 1.5 be placed with dustbins and collection km from Dongshe to Beiling and 1km points; from Xishe to Haizi Mountain; 3. Lack of lighting facilities; serious 2. Purchase 3 hand push type cleaning environmental degradation in surrounding chariots, 33 recycle dustbins and communities. Need to be governed and establish 3 garbage collection points; Xigou village greened; 3. Put 86 sets of solar street lamps; 4. Water supply difficulties in Miaozhuang improve and greening environment and Dongshe; surrounding the community; 5. Need jobs skills training. improvement and landscaping; 4. Build 2 water towers and 1 motor-pumped well in Dongshe and Miaozhuang; Community development projects: community organization incubation and capacity building. 1. The community road needs to be Because core zone of nature reserve is hardened, expanded and widened; involved, community infrastructure Gaoling 2. Reconstruct power supply circuitry, bury construction activities will be canceled. village water supply network and drainage Instead, community development network; projects, including community 3. Need jobs skills training. organization incubation and capacity 67 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II building are designed. Table 3-5 Needs Assessments and Mitigation Measure of the Communities around Jingchuan County, Pingliang City Community Needs assessment Mitigation Measure /Village 1. About 3.5 km of village road needs to Infrastructure: be hardened. Need drainage facilities 2. No lighting facilities. The community 1. Hardening of 0.4 km of community road to the street needs about 80 street lamps; village cultural square; 3. The lack of waste collection point and 2. Install 40 solar street lights; garbage collecting vehicles; 3. Build 6 waste collection points; add 52 4. The community has no sewage dustbins; and purchase one garbage truck; Luohandong discharge and treatment facilities; 4. Bury 5.26 km of HDPE double-wall corrugated Village 5. Need jobs skills training. pipe, a set of integrated sewage treatment facility and 5 septic tanks. Community development projects: community organization incubation, capacity building, and community co-management research and demonstration. 1. Need to harden about 10 km of 1. Hardening 3 km of community road ; community road ; 2. Community water supply pipelines have been 2. Community needs about 10 km of water implemented; supply network; 3. Install 80 solar street lamps. Wanyan 3. No lighting facilities in community Community development projects: Village streets; 4. Need jobs skills training. community organization incubation and capacity building. 1. Need community development fund. Infrastructure:This project does not involve the 2. Need jobs skills training. construction of infrastructure. Tianchi Village Community development projects: community organization incubation and capacity building. 1. Need community development fund. Infrastructure:This project does not involve the construction of infrastructure. 2. Need jobs skills training. Gongchi Community development projects: Village community organization incubation and capacity building. 1. Need community development fund. Infrastructure: This project does not involve the construction of infrastructure. Yanfeng 2. Need jobs skills training. Village Community development projects: community organization incubation and capacity 68 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II building. The CO-Management Mechanism of Luohandong Community Since Luohandong is next to the grottos, the community and the scenic area become a unity in geographical location. However, the community didn't have access to participate in the management of the scenic spot, and the government of the scenic area are lacking in fund, which lead to a bad management. To solve the problem, the SIA team proposes to initiate the “CO-Management mechanism”. The team asks the staff of Jingchuan Tourism Bureau, leaders of the village, and 30 villagers to have a discussion about the current management situation, joint interest relationship and their responsibilities. It is believed that the co-management mode would improve current situation and detailed co-management mechanism will be studied after the project is launched. a) The Current Management Situation of Luohandong Grottoes Currently, Luohandong is controlled by the local cultural administration. A temporary manager is sent to manage Luohandong, which is closed and isn’t put to use. There is no tourist facility or visitors’ center. Famers are living in bad conditions, they earn a living by planting, livestock industry and doing migrant work. Time for them to do migrant work is mainly in spring, summer or autumn. When winter comes, famers always stay at home. The infrastructure construction is imperfect that there are many roads half built, no public toilets, and no garbage disposal plants. Jingchuan county government plans to establish the Dayun Temple Cultural Tourism Group, which is a county level unit possessing 78 workers. In the future, those workers will manage all the scenic spots in Jingchuan County and take control over the infrastructure construction. 2) Interest Relationship and Responsibility of Co-Management ① The residents in Luohandong village should provide labor for infrastructure, and forestation, they should protect the scenic area and the cultural heritage. ② The cultural administration should provide opportunities of employment for the residents near the scenic spot. They should provide preferential policies such as no rent for farmers. In addition, the poverty alleviation projects should be given priority to local famers, and farmers in turn should protect the cultural relics and actively participate in the infrastructure in the scenic spot. 1. labor 2. workers for infrastructure 3. scenic tourism area supervision 4. to protect relics in the scenic spot. Villagers of 4. assist the administration to protect the Administration of Luohandong cultural relics Scenic Sport located village in Luohandon village Luohandong Co-management Job opportunity,preferential policy and poverty alleviation projects should be given to the villagers 69 4. protect cultural relics The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Figure 3-1 The CO-Management Mechanism of Luohandong Community Through the discussion of “CO-Management mechanism” with the staff of the World Bank PMO in Jingchuan county, leaders of the village, and 30 representatives of the villagers, they believed that the mechanism is workable in the community. The public have zeal and confidence in the CO-Management, and the administration also accept the positive effect of theCO-Management in the future. Therefore, the SA team thinks that after the project is initiated, a community development expert should be invited to assist the administration to improve the CO-Management mechanism. Thus, the community and the scenic area can have a synergetic development. It has a effective path to explore natural and cultural heritage protection and community development. Table 3-6 Needs Assessments and Mitigation Measure of the Communities around Zhuanglang County, Pingliang City Community Needs assessment Mitigation Measure /Village 1. Need to improve the living Infrastructure: Shiqiao Village environment of religious people and 1. Improve the living environment of religious greening courtyard; people and greening 100 square meters of 2. Need to harden about 2 km of courtyard ; community road and install lighting 2. Harden about 2.386 km of community road and facilities; install 80 solar courtyard lamps. 3. Need to build the garbage collection 3. Build 2 garbage collection points,50 dustbins and Guoman points, dustbins and increase sales purchase 10 mobile sales stands. Village booths; Community development projects: 4. Need jobs skills training. Community organization incubation and capacity building. Table 3-7 Needs Assessments and Mitigation Measure of the Communities around Kang County, Longnan City Community Needs assessment Mitigation Measure /Village Yinbazi Village 1. The difficulties of living sewage and Infrastructure: treatment facilities need to be solved ; 1. Build 3.6 km of sewage pipe network for Laojiangba 2. Lack of street lighting facilities; Village Youfangba and sewage treatment facilities; 3. Lack of living garbage collection and 70 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Zhuangke transport vehicles; 2. Purchase 120 sets of solar courtyard lights; Village 4. Scenic spot roads need sweeper; 3. Purchase 2 garbage transit chariots with volume of 5. Not enough dustbins; 5 cubic meters; 6. Need jobs skills training. 4. Purchase 2 sweepers; 5. Purchase 350 dustbins; Liujiaba Village Community development projects: Community organization incubation and capacity building. Table 3-8 Needs Assessments and Mitigation Measure of the Communities Around Tanchang County, Longnan City Community Needs assessment Mitigation Measure /Village Luren Village 1. Need to purchase living garbage Infrastructure: collection and transport vehicles; Lijie Village 1. Purchase 2 living garbage collection and 2. Need a complete set of living sewage transport vehicles; collection and treatment equipment; Washeping 2. Sewage work: 64 km of HDPE double-wall 3. Need to build environment friendly Village corrugated pipe (pipe diameter 300); 18.016 km public toilets; of UPVC drainage pipe; 240 m of DN300 steel Guan'e Village 4. Need job skills training. pipe; 14 new septic tanks; integration of damage Xinping Village and repair of 50000 square meters of concrete road surface, and 1 set of sewage pumping Yuezangfu station; Village 3. Build 10 new flush toilets; Community development projects: Daheba Village Community organization incubation and capacity building. Xinchengzi Village Table 3-9 Needs Assessments and Mitigation Measure of the Communities around Hezheng County,Linxia Prefecture Community Needs assessment Mitigation Measure /Village 71 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Diaotan Village 1. Need to harden roads for 6 Infrastructure: administrative villages, including Diaotan Zhongxin Village, Zhongxin Village, Bianpo Village, 1. Harden 20.5km of roads for 6 administrative Village Dashanzhuang Village, Ketuo Village and villages: Diaotan Village, Zhongxin Village, Bianpo Cheba Village; Village, Dashanzhuang Village, Ketuo Village and Bianpo Village 2. Need to bury living sewage pipe Cheba Village; network in communities and build sewage 2. Lay a total of 25.076 km of sewage pipe Dashanzhuang treatment plant; network in scenic spot and communities; build 1 village 3. Lack of lighting facilities for sewage treatment plant in town; communities; 3. Install 240 solar street lamps for communities. Ketuo Village 4. Need job skills training. Community development projects: community organization incubation and capacity Cheba Village building. 72 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Chapter 4 Project and Ethnic Minorities 4.1 Overview of Ethnic Minorities in the Project Area 4.1.1 Distribution of Ethnic Minorities in the Project Area The project of Guan'egou in Tanchang County involves three ethnic minority villages: Luren Village, Xinping Village and Yuezangfu village, among which Tibetan peoples are the majority. There are 833 people in 186 households in Luren village. Among which, 90 households, 422 people are ethnic minorities, accounting for 84.3% of the total population. After implementation of the policy returning farmland to forest, the village community residents have lost almost all farmland they had before. There are 208 households, all together 832 people in Xinping village. All the community residents are Tibetan, who only own 632 mu of farmland. Yuezangfu village has 125 households or 622 farmers, among which 90 households or 458 farmers are ethnic minorities, accounting for 73.6% of the total population. The farmland in the village is 685 mu. In the Songmingyan scenic spot sub-project in Hezheng County, four villages have Dongxiang minority and Hui ethnic minority. The Dashanzhuang village has 529 households and 2,709 farmers. Among them, 2,318 farmers in 468 households are Dongxiang minority peoples accounting for 85.6% of the total population. 391 farmers in 61 households are Hui ethnic minority that accounts for 14.4% of total population. There are 2,428 farmers in 468 households in Cheba villge. Among them, 1,208 farmers in 320 households are Dongxiang minority accounting for 65% of the total. Hui minority has 300 farmers in 150 households which accounts for 12.4% of the total. There are 1,812 farmers in 335 households in Bianpo village. Among which, Dongxiang minority has 450 farmers in 110 households that accounts for 33% of the total. Hui Minority has 1,010 farmers in 200 households that accounts for 55.8% of the total population. Ketuo village has 1,935 farmers in 389 households. Among which, Dongxiang minority has 298 households or 1,202 farmers that accounts for 77%. Hui minority has 200 farmers in 50 householdsthat accounts for 10.3% of the total population. Table 4-1 Overview of Ethnic Minority in the Project Area Administrative vilAdmi Minority households Proportion of ethnic Minority population City(autonomous nistration village County/District /Community minorities(%) prefecture) Population household Township Minority County County County Cheng Dashanzhuang Yuzangpu Xinping Luren Town uan 186 833 90 442 Tibetan 84.3% DangchagnCounty 208 832 208 832 Tibetan 100% Longnan Xinchengzi Village 125 622 90 458 Tibetan 73.6% Dongxiang Songming Hezheng County village Hui Town 529 2709 468 2318 85.6% Autonomous Prefecture of 73 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Linxia Hui 61 391 14.4% Dongxiang 302 1208 65% Cheba 468 2428 Hui 150 300 12.4% Dongxiang 110 450 33% Pianpo 335 1812 Hui 200 1010 55.8% Dongxiang 298 1202 77% Ketuo 389 1935 50 200 Hui 10.3% 4.1.2 Religious Beliefs and Cultural Characteristics of Ethnic Minorities in Project Area Cultural characteristics of ethnic minorities in project area in this report focus on the study of ethnic minorities’ language and religious belief,cultural customs, production and living ways and residential distribution, family’s participation to community affairs, decision -making, and mediation of disputes and etc. 4.1.2.1 Tibetan The Tibetan peoples in Guan’e Gou of Tanchang County mainly live in three villages including Luren village, Xinping village and Yuezangfu village. The Tibetan population of those Tibetan villages account for about 75.8% of the total population. (1) Language and Religious Belief Tibetans in Tanchang County project speak Chinese while communicating with outsiders, and Tibetan language with villagers. The younger generation has little approach to traditional Tibetan culture. Only few elders in the community know Tibetan language. There are few Tibetan scriptures 74 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II kept till now and there are only few households keeping them in each Tibetan community. If the non-Tibetans want to read them, they should perform the relative religious ceremony. Besides, there are regional differences among religious beliefs. Tibetans believe in different denominations. For example, most of Tibentans in Luren County embrace Buddhsim while Tibetans in Xinping County have faith in Bon. (2) Cultural and Folk Customs The main festival of Tibetans in Luren County is the Temple fair in September 15 th in Chinese lunar calendar. At the first and the fifteenth day of each month, they will go to temple to worship. The major festival of Tibetans in Xinping County, however, is the temple fare in July 11 and 12 in lunar calendar. They have the Torch Festival at the fifteenth day of the first month of lunar year. Tibetans in Tanchang County only wear Tibetan clothes at the major important festivals. Women and elders usually wear traditional Tibetan clothes. (3) Production Mode and Residential Distribution Before the implementation of national policy of returning farmland to forest, Tibetans in LuRen Village mainly rely on farming for living. After the implementation of the policy, community residents mainly go out to do migrantwork and reply on compensation from the policy of returning farmland to forest as a source of income. The industry of improving people’s living standard and increase their income is subjected to the limit of fund and local tourism policy. The government does not allow grazing, but encourages captivity (a cut-and-carry system), and the traditional way of Tibetan’s livestock management is grazing. The production mode of Tibetan residents here is basically the same as the Han nationality. The land is 0.2 to 0.3 mu per person. Crop planting is given priority to potatoes, corns, vegetables. Due to the lack of arable land, they cannot be self-sufficient, and need to depend on going out to do migrant work to make a living. The ethnic minority peoples in Tanchang County concentrate in the ethnic minority communities located in the project area. The affected Tibetan population in the project area reach 1,732, accounting for 75.8% of the total population in the three project communites. (4) Community’s Consultation, Decision-making and Contradiction Handling Mechanism Tibetan communities’ village committee is responsible for dealing with various affairs and disputes that occur in community. Generally, local Tibetan men and women will actively participate in various meetings held by village committee. They will negotiate, make decisions and manage the community affairs together. Contradictions in every aspect are coordinated by village committee. There is no deviation caused by national differences. 4.1.2.2 Dongxiang Ethnic Minority The Dongxiang peoples living in Songmingyan project area of Hezheng county concentrate in 4 villages including Dashanzhuang village, Cheba village, Bianpo village and Ketuo village. Dongxiang peoples account for 58.3% of the total population in the 4 villages. (1) Language and Religious Faith 75 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Dongxiang ethnic minority has its own national language. Dongxiang language is the main communication tool in people's production and living. Between cadres and general staff, except in meeting, they speak their own language in life and perform official business. According to the survey of Gansu Provincial Association for Dongxiang Culture Research, Dongxiang minority has its own national characters, which also enjoys a high utilization rate. Some scholars believe that "xiaojing" character is the character of Dongxiang minority. However, young Dongxiang adults in Songmingyan project of Hezheng County can not only speak Chinese, but know and use Chinese. Dongxiang minority in project aera generallybelieve in Islam. (2) Cultural and Folk Custom The most important festivals of Dongxiang people are the same as other ethnic groups who believe in Islam namely "Lesser Bairam", "Corban Festival” and “Maulid al-nabi". Maulid al-nabi is generally held in mosques which contains chanting sutra, praising Mohammed, narrating life story of Mohammed, etc. Lesser Bairam is a traditional festival of Dongxiang people. According to provisions of Islam, each September in Islamic calendar is Ramadan. Muslims who keep with Islamic tenets have to stop eating and drinking from dawn to sunset every day of this month. The beginning and the end of the month of Ramadan should be fixed from the moment when Muslims see the crescent Moon, and the first day after this month is Lesser Bairam. Therefore, it is ethnic holiday and religious festival. Dongxiang Muslims clean their body and wear minority costumes, make a pray in the mosque and listen to imam’s preaching during the festival just like other ethnic Muslims do, after that, they will mourn the deceased at the graves. Dongxiang people also celebrate the Lantern Festival that is Han people’s traditional holiday. In the evening of the festival, teenagers hold their torches and run out of the village. It is a spectacular scene that torches held by the youth form a queue of the fire looks like a fire dragon that is dancing around in the dark night. The elders and women watch this activity at the end of village. It is said that brighter the color of the fire is, a better harvest of wheat and flax they will have. (3) Production Mode and Dietary taboos Dongxiang people mainly engage in agricultural production and animal husbandry raising sheep. They live a way of self-sufficiency. The major crops they plant are wheat and corn. Dongxiang people who live in project-related area have limited amount of cultivated land, most young adults go out to do migrant work. Most young men of Dongxiang minority don't wear the minority dress but white hats in daily life. The elders and women wear the minority costumes. In terms of diet, the priority is given to food made of wheat, millet and potatoes. They like eating chicken, beef and mutton especially mutton eaten with hands is very delicious, and also making “Youxiang” that is local cruller. At the feast of festivals, they offer fried local food to the guests. They avoid eating pork strictly, and prohibit from eating meat of dead animals, animal's blood, meat of the animals that is slaughtered before imams and Muslim prayers reciting the sutra for killing them, meat of horses, donkeys, mules, dogs, cats, and all ferocious birds and beasts. The food diet tradition is as same as other minorities who believe in Islam They all are not allowed to make jokes with fasting food and eat reproductive organs of male cattle, sheep and camels. Other people are forbidden to use Muslims` cooking utensils. Women are not allowed to smell food when they are cooking. One has to break the food into small pieces rather than eat it wholly when eating steamed bun, pancakes, fried food. Dongxiang peoples have lived in the region for centuries. Dongxiang peoples formed from a mix of many different ethnic compositions. The ethnic origin source constitutes the main component of islamic Semu and Mmongols.The affected Dongxiang peoples in the project area consist of 5,178, accounting for 58.3% of the total Dongxiang population in the project are. (4) Women’s Status 76 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Women of Dongxiang minority usually stay at home and look after the elders and children in the above-mentioned four minority villages which had been investigated. They seldom go out for migrant work. We found out in field survey that Dongxiang women in Dashanzhuang village are still rather conservative, rarely present themselves when men are there, only a few young women are open-minded. Women of other ethnic minority communities under investigated are relatively more open-minded and easy to communicate with. Generally speaking, women’s education level is lower than that of men. (5) The Mechanism for Consultation, Decision-making, Management and Mediating Community Disputes Dongxiang ethnic group have their own traditional community culture especially there is Menhuan organizations in the tribe (different Islamic schools) which playing an important role in the community management such as mediating community contradiction, but the management of Menhuan organization and the government have no contradiction yet. Instead, it helps to a certain extent th e government management. Dongxiang people have to follow the management system of village committee and the government. 4.1.2.3 Hui Nationality The Hui peoples around Songmingyan project area concentrate in 4 villages including Dashanzhuang villages, Cheba village, Bianpo village and Ketuo village. Hui peoples’ population account for 21.4% of the total population in the 4 villages. (1) Language and Religious Belief Hui nationality in Songmingyan project of Hezheng County basically speaks Chinese and writes Chinese characters in their daily life. Nonetheless, when they are communicating with locals, holding relative religious ceremony, doing oratory education and exchanging ideas, they still use their native language expression and most of Hui people believe in Islam. Men usually go to mosques for pray for 5 times daily, but women do pray at home for five times daily. Mosques are not only religious places, but also important communities for message communications, social affairs discussions, etc. (2) Cultural custons Hui men wear madarin white shirt with blue or black waistcoat, white dome cap. Women usually wear scarf. Special national costumes make Hui peoples distinguish from the general Han Chinese residents, which make people easily tell thme form other peoples. At the same time, the Hui nationality clothes also become one of the symbols of their self-identify. The Hui peoples in the project area usually abide by internal marriage without marrying other peoples such as Han who have different religion and cultural background. If other peoples marry with Hui peoples, they shoud believe in Islam and accept Hui people’s tradition and cusoms. Generally, Hui women get married earlier with marriage age between 16 and 19 years old. After marriage, family division of labor is mainly that men are responsible for external issues including communications but that women are responsible for domestic affairs. Women usually abide by their husbands. (3) Production and live Mode Hui people who live in project-related area of Songmingyan in Hezheng County mainly engage in agricultural production. The major crops they plant are wheat, corn and canola. They also engaged in animal husbandry mainly raising cattle and sheep, some of them do business. Their production mode is similar with that of Han people, but their life style is quite different from Han people especially in wedding, funeral, religious beliefs, diet and so on. The distinctive features in community of Hui peoples’ Mosque are that it plays an important role not only in religious beliefs but also in wedding ceremony, regulating contradiction, charity and education. There is significant difference in diet custom between Hua and Han peoples. Hui peoples don’t eat animal blood, meat of pigs, horses, mules, 77 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II donkeys and wild animals, nor eat the dead animals. The Hui nationality advocate green, health lifestyle and their family yard is usuallyclean and tidy. The ancistors of Hui people originated from businessmen and religious persons of Persian empire and Xiyu (an ancient country called West Region) and Hui peoples have lived in the region for cnetureis. The affected Huia peoples in the project area reach 1,901, accounting for 21.4% of the total population in the 4 project villages. (4) The Mechanism for Consultation, Decision-making, Management and Mediating Community Disputes Men and women of Hui people both actively take part in various meetings held by the village committee, consultation of community affairs, decision-making and management. The village committee takes the responsibility of mediating various community contradictions without any deviation caused by national differences. The elders play an important role in regulating in the family disputes. Public figure of religion generally don't involve in community affairs. 4.1.3 Social and Economic Situation of Ethnic Minorities in Project Area 4.1.3.1 Economic Situation (1) Tanchang County Three Tibetan national minority communities’ annual per capita income in project area is respectively like the following: per capita annual income of LuRen village is 2,700 yuan, Xinping village 2,650 yuan, Yuezangfu village 2,550 yuan. They are all lower than the average level of Gansu province and the country in the same period The economic development of Tanchang County is relatively low. There is a giant difference among the development of each township and village. For example, there is only two kilometers from Guan'egou to Luren County. Due to the influence of scenic spot, most of residents of LuRen village work at the scenic spot. The development of scenic spot, in turn, promotes the improvement of community residents’ employment, family income, etc. Thus, LuRen village develops economically better than the other two minority communities. However, due to the fact that the scenic spot has not yet fully developed, the annual per capita income of Luren village is still lower than that of Tanchang County and Longnan city. Table 4-2 Economic situation of Gansu province, Longnan City, Tanchang County and other townships and villages in project area District Proportion of the first, Per capita Farmer’s annual net second and third industry GDP(yuan) income per capita The state 10.10: 45.30: 44.60 38363.52 7917 Gansu province 13.80∶46.00∶40.20 24668.15 4506.7 Longnan city 25.6:30.6:43.8 9710.06 3535.8 Tanchang County 29:25.5:45.5 17.8 2874 Project area / / / Luren village / / 2700 Xinping village / / 2650 Yuezangfu Village / / 2550 (2) Hezheng County 78 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II The annual per capita income of four Dongxiang and Hui ethnic communities in project area are: Bianpo village’s per capita annual income is 3,230 yuan, Dashanzhuang village 2,180 yuan, Ketuo village 2,900 yuan, Cheba village 3,230 yuan. They are all lower than the average level of Gansu province and the country in the same period. Table 4-3 Social and economic situation of Hezheng County year Index Unit 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Ten thousand Population 20.10 20.81 20.98 21.57 22.0 22.30 A hundred Gross Domestic million 7.41 8.47 10.16 11.41 13.00 14.56 Product per capita gross yuan domestic product 3688.71 4069.63 4840.75 5287.67 6398.50 6530.80 Ten thousand Ten thousand General financial 10710.00 6306.00 7708.00 10053.00 12130.76 13064.88 revenue Total expenditure 77284.00 95696.00 121765.00 154828.00 223840.01 249722.08 A hundred fixed-asset investment million 14.49 17.82 24.95 26.73 35.00 48.72 rural per capita net yuan 2230.00 2520.00 2962.00 3394.00 4258.67 4646.05 income 4.1.3.2 Education Condition (1) Tanchang County According to the survey of community residents, the educational level of Tanchang County’s minority community residents is generally lower, especiallythe education level of Tibetan women is lower than that of men at the same age. After interviewing with community residents of Xinping village, we found that young couple attaches great importance to child's education. But the current community’s graduation rate is not so high. Talbe 4-4 Educational situation of Tanchang County from 2011 to 2015 The name of index Unit 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 79 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Average educational years year 7.5 7.8 8 8.2 8.5 High school’s gross % 49.4 50.5 60 68 70 enrollment rate School-age children’s % 100 99.7 99.72 99.7 99.8 enrollment rate Data sources: Tanchang County Development and Reform Bureau (2) Hezheng County It is found that Hezheng county has promulgaetd preferential policies in terms of birth and graduation for these four ethnic minority communities under investigated. We found that there are about 4 to 5 people in one Dongxiang and Hui family. And the local ecological environment is fragile. Generally, the graduation rate among minority community residents is not high. Young people choose to go out to do migrant work, thus, family income mainly relies on migrant work and peddler business. At present, although young couples attach great importance to child's education, many school-aged children are not able to go to school due to the lack of national kindergarten in Dashanzhuang village. Women’s education level in Dongxiang and Hui community is generally lower than that of men. Most family still holds the idea that men are better than women. 4.1.3.3 Poverty Status (1) Tanchang County Through villagers’ symposium and household interviews, and after the needs assessment of community residents, SA team had collected the first-hand data and materials of minority communities. According to the state’s poverty criterion that the annual average per capita income is less than RMB 2,800 is regarded as poor families, it is concluded that the poverty incidence rate of LuRen village, Xinping village and Yuezangpu villag is 23%, 26% and 23%, respectively. The causes of the poverty of minority communities in project area are as the following: 1) Poverty Caused by Policy In order to promote the development of local tourism and the protection of ecological environment, the government had made all the farmland in the scenic spot be returned to forest two years before or after 2008. At present, Luren village farmers have lost arable land. In Xinping village and Yuezangfu village, the average cultivated land area of each family is about 0.5 mu. During implementation period of returning farmland to forest, farmers can receive 230 yuan per mu per year as subsidies. During postpone period of the policy, farmers can only have115 yuan per mu as subsidies. Community farmers usually rely on subsidies from the policy of returning farmland to forest and doing mgrant work to make a living. However, at the end of policy implementation period, they will not receiveany subsidies. In addition, there is a difficulty in finding opportunity of migrant work opportunities outside the village and due to there is less farmland, farmers are lack of provisions. Therefore, if there is no substitute living-making method, farmers can hardly get rid of poverty. 2) Fragile Infrastructure Community infrastructure in the sub-project area is still relatively weak. Problems still exist in drinking water, roads hardening, garbage collection and disposal, wastewater discharge, and also the road lighting. All the three ethnic communities still have the problems of lacking of underground pipe network and sewage disposal plants. A large amount of sewage was poured directly from village’s underground watercourse into Min River, which has caused the water pollution, and also endangered some precious fish. In addition, the villagers living in the mountainous area also face the problem of inconvenient traffic, no hardening roads and serve information block as the result of limitation of geographic location and economic conditions. There is lots of garbage around the villages and Min River. The community has not yet established the garbage collection and management mode and is still lack of landfills, dustbins, and garbage collectors. 80 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 3) Low Level of Education, Health and Other Basic Social Services After the the SIASA team has conducted the villagers’ symposium and household interviews by referring to the PRA participatory method, it was found that education, health and other basic social service level of Luren Villager is relatively low. There is no kindergartens and health clinics. In addition, Tibetan ethnic minorities in Luren Village do not attach enough importance to education. Many family members are illiterate or just finished the primary school education. However, Tibetans in Xinping village of Emangou and Yuezangfu Villages have paid more attention to education in recent years. But they still hold the preference of boys over girls. The general education level of men is higher than that of women. The education level of local villagers over 40 years are basically illiterate or just approach the level of pupils. (2) Hezheng County Hezheng County is one of the national key anti-poverty counties. The four minority communities face poverty at different degrees. The basic poverty situation of each community is shown in table 4.5. Bianpo village suffers from poverty and infrastructure problems such as bridge collapse at the entrance of village, no hardening road into village, no road infrastructure construction such as lighting. Moreover, it is indicated that villagers' overall quality is low, that farming is limited by land resources, and thatvillagers can hardly find a job, etc. What causes the poverty of Dashanzhuang village is the low level of education, information block and difficulties in employment. The reason for poverty in Cheba and Ketuo village is that community infrastructure is not fully improved and residents lack of professional skills due to the low education level. Table 4-5 The Basic Poverty Situation of Four Dongxiang Minority Communities minimum living standard minimum living standard Net income per capita of The number of disabled The number of the poor The number of people The number of people Household enjoy the No. of households People enjoy the Poor household Name of village The number of last year/yuan Agritaiment Population subsidies subsidies under 60 under 15 Dashan zhuang 529 2709 131 548 260 600 108 2180 148 548 2 village Cheba village 476 2425 10 60 524 420 34 3230 144 551 0 Ketuo village 389 1935 35 154 435 500 56 2900 126 453 0 Bianpo village 335 1812 48 219 207 311 41 3230 122 426 0 4.2 Ethnic Minorities’ Legal and Institutional Framework The lay out of EMDP is based on laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China, provisions of Gansu Provincial Government, the Bank’s ethnic minority policies (OP4.10、BP4.10), the national support policies, and the regional developmet plans worked out by both Gansu province and Linxia Hui Autonomous Region. The Tibetan peoples in Tanchang County are highly Hannized and preferential policies for Tibetan are seldom seen. One main preferential policy is that Tibetan students could get more scores at 81 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II university entrance examination. But the Implementation Opinions on Carrying out Ethnic Minority Peoples’ Work promulgated by Tanchang County government in 2015 note that following issues should be well done: the Thirteenth Five Year Plan for Economic and Social Development in Ethnic Minority Townships and Villages n Tanchang County, Training Program for ‘Brilliant Project’ in Ethnic Minorities, Construction Program for ‘One Point, Two Bases’ in Ethnic Minorities, the Thirteenth Five Year Plan for Economic and Social Development in Tibetan Townships in Tanchang County, the Conservation and Development Plans of Characteristic Villages in Ethnic Minority Townships and Villages of Tanchang County during the 13th Five Year Plan. The compilation of these documents will be good for the development of Tibetan ethnic minority communities. The lay out of ethnic minority development and support policies in Hezheng county is mainly based on the General Plan Outline for the13th Five Year Plan for Social and Economic Development in Linxia Hui Autononous Prefecture. The concrete policies relative to Tanchangand Hezheng can be seen in Table 4-6 as follows. 82 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table 2.4 Policy Framework for Ethnic Minorities in Tanchang County Category Title of Policies and Regulations Main Content and Points of Policies State laws and regulations: Constitution ① Minority autonomous regions enjoys same power as same local government. In addition, organs of power in autonomous of the People's Republic of China, Law of regions also enjoys following rights: autonomous legislative power; independently management of local political affairs, local the People's Republic of China on economy and financial affairs, local scientific, educational and cultural affairs, organization of local security forces, as well as Regional National Autonomy, Organic right to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, etc. Law of the Villagers Committees of the ② All citizens of the People’s Republic of China shall have freedom of religious belief. The state and organs of People's Republic of China, Regulation Related state self-government in national autonomous areas safeguards citizens of all nationalities enjoy freedom of religious belief. on Administrative Work of Nationality laws and Townships of the People's Republic of ③ The state develops regulation on administrative work of nationality to promote economic and cultural development in regulations China, Twelfth Five Year Plan for Ethnic nationality townships. The state guarantees the lawful rights and interests of the minority peoples and strengthen ethnic unity. and related Minority Business regulations of ④ All citizens aged eighteen but persons deprived of political rights by law, regardless of nationality, race, gender, occupation, Gansu Related Regulations of Gansu Province: family background, religious belief, educational background, property status and length of residence, have a right to vote and to Province Regulation on National Commonly-Used be voted. Language and Scripts in Gansu Province, ⑤ The state helps all ethnic minorities to accelerate development of economy and culture in terms of finance, resources and Regulation on Town/Township People’s technical. Congresses in Gansu Province ⑥ The state persists in the principle of equality of all national languages and scripts; ensure that all nationalities have the freedom to use the develop their own languages and scripts; and promote and encourage all nationalities to learn from each 83 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II other’s languages and scripts. ① Among 55 ethnic minorities, support will be provided to 28 ethnic minorities with population less than 300 thousand. Duration of the plan is 2011-2015. ② Development goal: By 2015, ethnic-populated administrative villages with less population basically achieve ‘five open and ten have’ and ethnic-populated areas with less population basically achieve “one decrease, two achievement, three improvement”. Poor people in ethnic-populated areas with less population decrease by more than a half; net per capita income Plan for Supporting Development of of farmers and herdsmen reach or exceed local average level; net per capita income of farmers and herdsmen in about one half National Ethnic Minorities with Less Population of nationalities reach or exceed national average level; infrastructure level, people's livelihood level and self-development supporting 2011-2015 capacity significantly improve. By 2020, ethnic-populated areas with less population will develop more harmoniously, live a policies richer life, enjoy better environment and more harmonious society, and will build a comprehensive well-off society. ③ Main tasks: strengthen infrastructure and realize a sharp rise in the development of support capability; promote the development of advantageous industries to increase the masses’ income; protect and improve people's livelihood to promote the equalization of basic public services; develop cultural undertakings and cultural industries to make national culture flourish; enhance human resource development and enhance the capabilities of self-development; facilitate national unity and build a 84 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II harmonious home. ④Policy measures: enhance investment, finance service, counterpart assistance, talent team construction, and implementation of existing policies and regulations ① To realize the importance of supporting economic development of Gansu Province, we should take solving of the rural poverty problem and improvement of living standard of people of all nationalities as the starting point and ultimate goal, and should focus attention to livelihood issues which are most directly, most concern, and most realistic interests for people. ② Supporting goal:By 2015, the gap of per capita GDP with average level of western area is narrowed. Income of urban and rural residents reach average level of western area. Poor population sharply decline. Infrastructure conditions improve Several Opinions on Further Supporting significantly. Environmental deterioration tendency is effectively controlled. Advantageous industries grow rapidly. Circular Economic and Social Development in economy forms a large scale. Energy consumption of per unit GDP reaches expected objective. Gansu Province, by the State Council ③ Key work: strengthen ecological conservation and construction; intensify efforts to alleviate poverty through development and make tangible improvements on production and living conditions of agricultural and pastoral areas; increase income of farmers and herdsmen; energetically develop all social undertakings and provide better public services; strengthen infrastructure and improve the supporting ability of regional development; promote the development of advantageous industries and foster new sources of economic growth. Regional Outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development in Gansu Province, Development Plan Comprehensive Transportation Development Plan of Gansu Province during the 12th Five-Year Plan 85 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II World Bank’s policy on ethnic minority aims to ensure fully respect to dignity, authority, economy and culture of ethnic mino rities during project development process. Main content of the policy include the following aspects: World Bank is aware of the fact that features and cultures of ethnic minorities are always closely related to the land and the ① natural resources that they live on. These special cases exposed ethnic minorities under different types of risks and different degrees of impacts brought by project development, such as loss of ethnic characteristics, cultures and traditional livelihoods, as well as disease attacks. The gender and generation problems are also complicated problems for ethnic minorities. As a social group which has significantly different features from mainstream society, ethnic minority are always the most marginalized and fragile group in local population. Meanwhile, World Bank also realizes that ethnic minorities play a crucial role World Bank’s Policy on Ethnic Minority in sustainable development. National and international laws attach increasing emphasis on protection of their rights. Business (OP4.10) and Its Procedures（ World Bank BP4.10） Interventions of World Bank financed projects include: 1) to avoid potential adverse impact to ethnic minority communities, or ② 2) if inevitable, the impacts should be reduced and mitigated or be compensated. Meantime, World Bank financed projects aim to make sure that ethnic minorities get social and economic benefits that are appropriate for their cultures, and are gender and generation inclusively. If project affects ethnic minorities, project team of World Bank should assist borrower in conducting indefinite pre-phase ③ informed-consultation with affected communities with regard to the newly established project in whole project circle. During all phases of project preparation and implementation, all project information should be provided to ethnic minority communities in a manner that is in line with cultural customs of ethnic minorities. Besides, whether affected ethnic minorities provide wide support for the project is determined upon results of social assessment and the indefinite pre-phase informed-consultation. Development of Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) should be flexible and pragmatic. As required, EMDP is composed ④ 86 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II of following elements: law and institutional framework applicable to ethnic minorities; population, social, cultural and political features of affected ethnic minority communities, information of land and territory that ethnic minority own, use or possess and of natural resources they live on; summary of social assessment; outline of results of indefinite pre-phase informed-consultation conducted in ethnic minority communities in project preparation phase, which wins widespread support from communities for the project; identification of framework for indefinite pre-phase informed-consultation with affected ethnic minority communities in project implementation phase; identification of action plan to ensure that ethnic minorities get social and economic benefits that are in line with their culture; appropriate action plan to avoid, or to maximum reduce and mitigate impacts, or to compensate impacts, after potential adverse impacts to ethnic minorities are identified; budget summary and financing plan of EMDP; appropriate procedures to process ethnic minority appeals caused by project implementation; monitoring, evaluation and reporting mechanism and indicator system for execution of EMDP which fits the project. The Thirteenth Five Year Plan for Economic and Social Development in Ethnic Minority Villages of Tanchang County, Training Program for ‘Brilliant Project’ in Ethnic Minorities, Related plans of Tanchang Construction Program for ‘One Point, Two Bases’ in Ethnic Minorities, County The Thirteenth Five Year Plan for Economic and Social Development in Tibetan Rural Area in Tanchang County, Protection and Development Program for Characteristic Villages in Ethnic Minority Villages in Tanchang County during the Thirteenth Five Year Plan 87 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 4.3 The Process of Minority Peoples who are Informed, Participate and Being Consulted 4.3.1 Participation of Minority Communities in Early Stage During the project preparation period, according to relevant information and requirements of the project, the feasibility study unit, the social assessment unit (responsible for social assessment reports, resettlement action plan and ethnic minority development plan), and the environmental impact assessment unit had conducted the unlimited prophase and fully informed consultations, and public participation in Tanchangand Hezheng minority communities. Ethnic minority development action plan was worked out based on participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method, including household surveys, consultative conference, semi-structured interviews, community resource mapping, seasonal calendar, farmers classification, villagers' representatives meeting, key figures interviews, etc. (1) Field investigation. In 2014, under the support and assistance of Gansu PMO, the World Bank expert panel, the feasibility study unit, the SIA unit and environmental impact assessment unit had carried on field investigation on project area for many times. Meanwhile, they have visited and communicated with leaders at all levels and part of community residents of the township, village and communities. (2) Questionnaire survey. From October 1 to October 14, 2015, the the SIASIAl team had conducted questionnaire survey toward merchants, vendors, agritourism inns, farmers nearby the scenic spots, managers of scenic spot and tourists in Hezheng and Tanchangcounties in project area to figure out their satisfaction about scenic spots and their suggestion on future development of scenic spots. 229 paper copies of questionnaires and 81 network questionnaires were issued. Among them, 80 were distributed to local villagers and the recovery rate is100%. Among the villagers, ethnic minorities accounts for 65%. 50 questionnaires were distributed to business operators of the scenic spot, and the recovery rate is 100%. Ethnic minorities business operators accounts for 55%. (3) Consultation seminars. From October 1 to October 14, 2015, the SIAthe SA team held an offial forum with officials of the Poverty Alleviation offices, the Tourism Bureaus, the Style Bureaus, the Development and Reform Bureaus, the Religious Affairs Bureaus and he Human Resource and Socail Security Bureaus in both Hezheng and Tanchang County. Both sides had discussed about d the current conditions and existing problems of the tourism development. And the governmental bureaus the SA team with reference materials. In late November and middle December of 2015, the SA team conducted n community consultations in three Tibetan communities located in Tanchang County including Luren village, Xinping village and Yuezangfu Village and four Dongxiang and Hui ethnic minority communities located in Hezheng county comprising Dashanzhuang Village, Bianpo Village, Cheba Village and Ketuo Village. In the process of consultations with farmer representatives, the methods of community resource mapping and seasonal calendar, etc. were adopted. In Luren Village, a total of 25 representatives took part in the consultation and the ethnic minority representatives accounted for 80%; in Xinping Village, there were 18 representatives and all of them are ethnic minorities; there were 15 representatives and the ethnic minority ones accounted for 75% in Yuezangfu Village. In addition, 38 representatives from Dashanzhuang Village among whom the ethnic minority representatives accounted for 75%, 28 representatives from Bianpo Village among whom the ethnic minority representatives accounted for 60%, 20 representatives from Cheba Village among whom the ethnic minority representatives accounted for 80% and 25 representatives from Ketuo Village among whom the ethnic minority representatives accounted for 80% attended community consultations, expressing their supportiveness and demand for the project. Male and female farnmers who attended the community consultations accounted for 82.1% and 17.9% of total representative, respectively. 88 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (4) Semi-structured interviews. From October 1 to October 14, 2015, the the SA team had distributed questionnaires to surrounding residents, business operators, tourists and other related groups of Guanegou scenic spot in Tanchang County and Songmingyan scenic spot in Hezheng County. The semi-structured interviews were conducted toward illiterates and semi-illiterates in the project –affected region. Totally 229 questionnaires were distributed and the recovery rate is 90%. In addition, the semi-structured interviews were done for ethnic minorities who account for 70%, knowing their satisfaction on scenic spot construction and suggestions for future development of the community. In late November and middle December of 2015, the SA team carried on interviews with the three Tibetan communities such as Luren village, Xinping village and Yuezangfu Village in Tanchang County and four Dongxiang and Hui ethnic minority communities located in Hezheng county including Dashanzhuang Village, Bianpo Village, Cheba Village and Ketuo Village. 8 Tibetan households were interviewed. Among them, men account for 90% and women 10%. 10 households in Xinping village were interviewed, among which men accounts for 80% and women 20%; 8 households in Yuezangfu village were interviewed, among which men accounts for 60% and women 40%. Altogeher 9 Dongxiang minority farmerfarm households and 8 Hui minority farmerfarm households were interviewed in Dashanzhuang village and Cheba village. 8 Dongxiang minority farmerfarm households and 8 Hui minority farmer households were interviewed in Bianpo village and Ketuo village. Male farmers who participated in community consultation seminar account for 82.1% and women 17.9%. to the semi-structural interviews helped understand the needs of the community residents. (5) Key figures interviews. From October 1 to October 14, 2015, the SA team interviewed the officials of the Poverty Alleviation offices, the Tourism Bureaus, the Style Bureaus, the Development and Reform Bureaus, the Religious Affairs Bureaus and the Human Resource and Social Security Bureaus as well as the poor, the women and ethnic minorities of community residents, clarifying the development status of ethnic minority and women, the policies promulgated by different government organizations, ongoing projects by those organizations and their suggestions towards project implementation. In late November and middle December of 2015, the the SA team had conducted interviews with the poor, women, Tibetans, Dongxiang minority, Hui minority community residents and other key figures to understand their major needs and suggestions to community development. 4.3.2 The Results of Minority Community Participation All the villager representatives participated in the community consultation conducted by ethnic minority village. Divide the participated villager representatives into two groups, one is the men’s group and the other is women’s. First, men and women will start the group discussion, and then they will discuss the problems that challenge the development of the community. After that, they will present the problems. Finally, all the villagers will disscuss the problems in community’s development and work out the solutions. The specific discussion and consultation is shown in the following table: Table 4-7 Summary Table of the Process and Result of the Consultation of Ethnic Minority Village Consultation Target village Participants Consultation content results Tibetan and Village representatives put forward the problems Consultate and Han villager chanllenging the development of the community, discuss the representatives, they are: problems township -Undesirable community infrastructure construction posed by officers, officers (road, drainage); villager of County -Lack of fund of community development; representatives Luren village Development -No health-center in communities; and put and Reform -Lack of training and employment opportunities in forward the Bureau communities; relative The disagreement between the community and the solution and government in how to use of grassland discuss with grazing(There are acres of pasture in the community villager in which the government does not allow the grazing representatives 89 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Consultation Target village Participants Consultation content results for fear of the destruction of landscape and about its ecological environment. feasibility. officers of Village representatives put forward the problems Most of the County changeling the development of the community, they community Development are: needs are and Reform -Undesirable community infrastructure construction; reflected in the Bureau, -Lack of fund of community development; project design township -Unsatisfactory education, health and social services where Xinping village officers, Tibetan in communities; appropriate villager -Lack of training and employment opportunities in and possible representativess communities; within the -Lack of energy. scope and Being difficult to loan; high interest objectives of officers of Village representatives put forward the problems the project. County changeling the development of the community, they Those beyond Development are: the project and Reform -Undesirable community infrastructure construction scope are Yuezangfu Bureau, Lack of fund of community development; handed over to village township -Unsatisfactory education, health and social services the local officers, villager in communities; government for representatives -Lack of training and employment opportunities in follow ups. communities; Detailed Village officers Village representatives put forward the problems consultation and changeling the development of the community, they results can be representative are: seen in the of Dongxiang, -infrastructure construction is not perfect(village EMDPs for Hui and Han entrance bridge、garbage disposal、drainage and Tanchangand Bianpo village peoples Hezheng flood control facilities); -capital shortage(breeding, farmhouse restaurants, counties. house repair); -lack of training and work opportunity; -lack of flood control facility. Village officers Village representatives put forward the problems and changeling the development of the community, they representatives are: Dashanzhuang of Dongxiang, -lack of ethnic kindergartens village Hui and Han -Employment difficulties peoples -capital shortage (breeding industry, shop operation) -Difficulty in getting loan and its high interest Villager Village representatives put forward the problems representative changeling the development of the community, they of Dongxiang, are: and Hui peoples -infrastructure construction not perfect (water pipe Ketuo village laying, road hardening, lighting facilities, garbage disposal); -capital shortage (breeding, house repairing, farmhouse restaurant, greenhouse for planting); -lack of training and work opportunity. Villager Village representatives put forward the problems representatives changeling the development of the community, they of Dongxiang, are: and Hui peoples -infrastructure construction not perfect (road Cheba village hardening, lighting facilities, water pipe laying, drainage and flood control facilities, garbage disposal); -capital shortage (breeding industry); -lack of training and work opportunity; 90 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Consultation Target village Participants Consultation content results -imperfect of flood control facility. 4.3.3 Participation Plan during Project Implementation 4.3.3.1 In the Construction of the Organization (1) To establish the community organizations. The organization is supposed to be established by the local villagers. The capable villagers can be elected as the organizers who are responsible to hold regular meetings to consult the different problems in the community development and its corresponding solutions. The organization should hire some community organization experts to conduct capacity building for the community organization and foster the growth of organization. (2) To strengthen the role of community organizations. The community organization is a self-management organization created by the villagers. The election of the leaders is transparent with credibility and representatives. Therefore, community organizations should be authorized to represent different ethnics, genders, farmers and villager groups, to plan, manage, consult, proceed, formulate, reach a consensus and submit to all the villager assemblies or each village group for their discussion, modify and vote. (3) To improve the representativeness of community organizations. The proportion of the representative election is 1 in 5 to 15 households and the places should be assigned to each villager group in proportion to the number of households. The women should account for above 1/3 and the number of representatives of ethnic minorities and impoverished households are in the proportion to that of households, ensuring that there must be some representative(s) from ethnic morality without enough number of households. It is better for ethnic minorities, women and impoverished families to elect representatives by themselves. (4) To establish the supervisory in community organization. A supervisory committee should be recommended and elected by the villagers or the villagers' representatives meeting. The supervisory committee should be made up of the village committee and members of the different ethnic groups. The supervisory committee should be exclusive of the members of the community organizations and their close relatives. 4.3.3.2 In Formulation of Regulations and Rules (1) The representativeness of ethnic minorities, women and impoverished households should be guaranteed in the formulation of the regulations in the village project management and association. (2) Rules and procedures should be set in community consultative organization, such as group discussion of ethnic minorities, women, poor households and other villagers, and in Tibetan language; in the exchange of the general assembly, the opinions of vulnerable groups should be protected. All the voices should be considered so that the consensus can be reached through consultations without forceful adopting the voting procedure of "the minority is subordinate to the majority", ensuring all the minority nationalities, women, poor households are able to exercise the democratic rights of information, participation, expression and decision-making, supervision and participation in the entire process of project planning, implementation, management and monitoring and evaluation, and associations and cooperatives development as well as their equal benefits. The program discussed above in improving the representation of the community organizations, strengthening their consultation, the function and the system gained the support from the majority of the villagers. 4.4 Analysis of the Impact of Project on Ethnic Minority Peoples By using questionnaires, household interviews, symposiums, key figure interviewss, stakeholder discussions, the SA team analyzed the impact of the proposed project on ethnic groups in the project 91 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II area from the perspective of positive effect of the project on ethnic groups and the potential risk based on the qualitative analysis method and simple frequency statistical analysis method. 4.4.1 Positive Effect (1) After launching of the project, the World Bank will financially support the project area to implementthe community development projects. The living standards of ethnic minority communities in and around the scenic spot will be improved through infrastructure construction. The poor living near the scenic spot could participate in project construction and work in scenic spot after being trained, which can increase their income. (2) After implementation of the project, the community capacity buildingactivities designed by the project will enhance community’s protection consciousness toward natural and cultural heritage and promote them to learn external culture and knowledge. For example, the inheritance and protection of the Qiang and Tibetan folk culture will give impetus to the construction of the Qiang and Tibetan folk custom exhibition hall, the protection and development of the folk customs and the construction of the literature heritage building of the Bonism and Tibetan Bonism cultural protection, which will further the protection and inheritance of the ethnic minority folk culture. In addition, it will stimulate and speed up the cultural tourism development, and attract more attention for “Huaer” culture in Songmingyan. The plan of establishing the “Hua`er” Inheriting Center will play a positive effect on the protection and inheritance of this intangible cultural heritage — "Hua`er". (3) The implementation of the project will help to improve ethnic minority community’ s transportation and living environment, save the travel time for minority residents; it will be of great convience for ethinic minority to go out shopping, to see a doctor, go to school and participate in religious affairs and other social activities. At the same time, it will also improve ethnic minorities’ living environment and improve the residents’ life quality. (4) The proposed project has a long construction period. Thus, during the period of construction, there will be some non-technical job opportunities, which will increase the economic income of residents around the scenc spot. For example, residents near the construction sites can transport sands and stones and some women can cook for construction workers and so on. During the project operation period, minority residents in the project area can do the road maintenance, greening, cleaning, etc. to get employment. (5) After the implementation of the project, connection between ethnic minority peoples and outside could be more convenient. The non-farming employment opportunities of ethnic women will be enhanced, and their social status will be improved. 4.4.2 Potential Negative Impacts (1) Dust, noise and temporary piled garbage produced during project construction period will bring temporary adverse impact to the cleanness and tidiness of the project area, cause short-term travel inconvenience and put negative effect on ethnic minority residents’ daily life. Meanwhile, construction vehicle travelling, waste residues, barren soil, waste water and other issues in the construction sites may pose threat to personal safety of local ethnic minority residents especially the elderly, children and pregnant women. (2) Minority women's needs may easily be neglected as minority women seldom participate in public affairs. Thus, their opinions and suggestions should be paid more attention to in the subsequent construction activities. (3) With development of the scenic spot, more external tourists would come to the scenic spot, and the influx of exteral culture may make some residents deliberately raise prices or hard sell goods, which might be the result that minority community residents around the project area want to make a better living. This may cause degradation of traditional values and moral. (4) During the period of construction, the migrant workers may produce certain effect to the local public security. Due to the construction activities, infectious diseases might occur, which might cause serious health risk for project personnel and the local community residents. 92 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (5) Risk of less participation of community organizations. There is only one farmer ’s cooperative in Songmingyan project area and only one Qiang Village Famers ’ Professional Coopeative for Tourism Service in Luren village, Guan’e Gou scenic spot of Tanchang County, limited community organizations would restrict COs from playing theirs roles. Less participation would result in failure in achieving the Banks’ twin objectives, which is also one of major social risks of the project. (6) Risk of a large proportion of poverty population. The poverty population is big in the ethnic minority communities located in both Dangchanng and Hezheng. The region where the ethnic minority live is rather impoverished marked by bad social and economical conditions, vast and severe poverty, ecological venerability, geological calamity frequency, the backwardness of the protection and exploitation of local heritage. Community poverty and scenic spot prosperity contrast sharply. How to coordinate the poor communities to share the fruits of the development in scenic spots is not only a challenge for the project, but also an opportunity for project innovation. (7) The risk that the ethnic minority communities development lags behind. The social and economic development in ethnic minority communities of Hezheng and Tanchanghas lagged behind due to the geographical location, natural conditions, infrastructure, education and other factors, resulting in higher poverty population and difficult in poverty reduction. (8) The risk of gender inequality. Due to less social and economic development, more yong laborers go out to do migrant work, causing imbalance of labor structure in the project area with more left-behind women, children and elders. In addition, women ’s education level is much lower than that of men. As a result, women have less access to participation right, expression right, decision-making right and the right to be heard. (9) The risk of land acquisition in the future. So far, all civil engineering has been confirmed to be implemented on the project owner’s land without land acquisition. In case there is change of civil engineering sites or request for additional land during project implementation period, land acquisition might occur. (10) The risk of right violation. During the project construction, it may damage the lawful rights and interests of the residents. The affected people don't know which department should be appealed to. Their rights could not be protected. 93 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Chapter5 Public Participation and Consultation 5.1 Public Participation in Project Preparatory Stage From October 1st to November 13th, 2015, the SA team was divided into three groups to conduct a field survey and assessment in 6 scenic spots located in 3 cities (prefectures). Meanwhile, the SA team had carried out an intensified research and publicity toward the relative stockholders in the scenic spots including community residents, government agencies, and business operators, etc. The main method used in the field survey is participatory monitoring and evaluating such as questionnaires, direct observation, interest group interviews, village (community) meetings, semi-structured interviews, key figures interviews, social gender perspective, and participatory resource mapping. With the help of these methods, the SA team had figured out the bottleneck problems existing in each sub-project area in scenic spot, community’s needs and affecting area of the proposed project. Attitude and suggestions of government officials, residents, vendors and visitors, local enterprises, minority and disadvantaged groups toward the implementation of the proposed project were also interviewed and analyzed. The SA team chose divresified survey sites in order to cover the various stakeholders who might be affected by the project. Detailed information is showed in table 5-1. 5.1.1 Field Survey From October 1st to 14th, 2015, the SA team was divided into three groups to conduct scenic spot investigation and assessment toward 6 scenic spots in 3 cities (prefectures). On October 15th, 2015, representatives of the SA team participated in project launch meeting held by Gansu Provincial Development and Reform Commission in Lanzhou Hotel, and had discussions with the project manager from the World Bank and officials of the Foreign Loan Office and Foreign Capital Office of Gansu Provincial Development and Reform Commissionas well as relevant government departments at provincial level. According to opinions of each unit, the SA team went to each project area to do supplementary investigation and further revised the social assessment report. From November 9th to 13th, 2015, the director of the SA team, Professor Wenguang Ding, attended the technical seminars of the World Bank technical preparation group, and conducted research and field survey successively in Lanzhou, Kongtong district and Jingchuan County. During this period, the World Bank's social development specialist, Ms. Meixiang Zhou had put forward valuable guidance suggestions toward the modification and perfection of the SA report. According to the feedback of Ms. Meixiang Zhou, the SA team carried out the third field investigation in project area from the middle of November to the middle of December, 2015. The project team was divided into two groups. They had overcome difficulties of bad weather and icy roadsto go to the scenic spots again, conducting both the needs assessment of the 30 communities in 6 scenic spots affected by the proposed project and supplementary investigation on ethnic identification and development planning, which has laid sound foundation for quality improvement of SA report. 5.1.2 Public Interviews The SA team had interviewed some grassroots cadres and masses from 30 communities in 6 southern counties (districts) of Gansu province through villagers' meetings and key figures interviews to find out public’s suggestions on natural and cultural heritage protection and development. The attitude and feedback opinions of grassroots cadres and masses were collected and used as suggestions and reference for the design of the components of the proposed project. 5.1.3 Questionnaire Surveys The SA team carried out questionnaire surveys targeting at community publics, local officials, tourists in heritage tourism scenic spots and scenic spot managers in project area. The questionnaires are composed of hard copies and internet ones. Data statistics are shown in table 5-1. 5.1.4 Official Symposiums 94 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II The SA team had organized meetings with local Poverty Alleviation Offices, the Tourism Bureaus, the Cultural Relics Protection Bureaus, the Development and Reform Bureaus, the Human Resource and Social Security Bureaus, the Ethnic Minority Peoples and Religious Affairs Bureaus, Women's Associations and other relevant government departments in the 6 southern counties (districts) in the project area to collect relative materials. Detailed content can be seen in Table 1.10.2. In addition, the team also collected secondary data as follows. 1) Implementation and evaluation of local approved projects; 2) Risk analysis of the project, discussions about measures of how to reduce the risk. 3) Advices on how to better the project. 4) Problems existing in the approved projects. 5) Potential impact caused by project implementation. Table 5-1 Research on Preparation and social assessment stage No. of Community questionnaires Times of Project name government discussion Hard Internet investigation seminars times copies questionnaires Kongdong Mountain 3 2 8 121 122 in Pingliang Baili Grottoes in 3 2 7 59 45 Jingchuang County Yunya temple in 3 1 4 99 89 Zhuanglang Guanegou in 3 2 5 139 48 Dangchang Yangba in Kang 3 1 8 82 53 County Songmingyan in Hezheng County and 3 2 5 90 33 Ancient animal fossils gallery 5.2 Public Participation in the Process of Social assessment From October 1st to December 17th, 2015, with close coordination of the 6 County World Bank Project Management Offices, the SA team carried out agency interviews, villagers/residents symposiums, ethnic minority symposiums, women's symposiums, vulnerable group seminars (including the elderly, the disabled, the poor, etc.), enterprises and institutions symposiums, questionnaire investigations, individual in-depth interviews, and inspection of the proposed infrastructure projects successively in Songmingyan scenic spot and ancient fossils museum in Hezheng County, Kongdong mountain scenic area in Pingliang city, Baili Grottoes scenic spot in Jingchuan county, Yunya temple scenic spot in Zhuanglang county, Yangba scenic spot in Kang county, Guanegou scenic spot in Tanchang County, and 30 administrative villages surrounding all the scenic spots (see Table 5-2). The SA team fully listened the suggestions for and needs of project design and construction proposed by various government departments, relevant enterprises and institutions, village cadres, the common villagers, minority peoples and vulnerable groups. The detailed information about the public participation in activities can be seen in Table 5-1. 95 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Figure 5-1 Photos of agency interviews (upper left: Kang County; upper right: Hezheng; bottom left: Kongdong district, bottom right: Zhanglang) 5.2.1 Agency Interviews The SA team had conducted interviews and seminars with the project involved government agencies and departments such as the County World Bank Project Management Offices, the Civil Affairs Bureaus, the Poverty Alleviation Offices, the Environmental Protection Bureaus, the Human Resources and Social Security Bureaus, the Religious Affairs Bureaus, the County Women's Federations,the CountyDevelopment and Reform Bureaus, etc. It is calculated that those interviews and seminars were organized twice in Kongdong district in Pingliang, twice in Jingchuan County, twice in Tanchang County, twice in Hezheng County, one in Zhuanglang County and one in Kang County, respectively. In addition, the SA team collected useful secondaryinformation and materials through those interviews and seminars. 5.2.2 The Villagers/Residents Symposiums in the Project Area The SA team had successfully completed the public needs assessment of 30 communities located in the 6 sub-project areas, and further perfected the needs proposed by the different stockholder groups such as the directors of village committees, common residents, women, ethnic minorities, vulnerable groups (the elderly, the disabled, and the poor). The SA team had listened and learned the overall situation of production and living ways, income, health and other aspects of different kinds of communities affected by the proposed project, and had a further understanding on attitudes the project phase II and needs of community residents in project area. Finally, the SA team had worked out feasible community development project s by furthering deep and effective exploration on method of solving the existing problems faced by the communities as well as their needs and measures. . 96 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Figure 5-6 Photos of villager symposiuma (they are: Yangbazhuangke village in Kang County, Yangbayinbeizi Village in Kang County) Table 5-2 The Public Participation in the Phase of Social assessment Proportion of women’s Surrounding Proportion of ethnic Project area No. of participants participation in community minority peoples meetings Jiaju village 25 30% - Xigou Village 50 44.4% - Kongdong Gaoling village 19 42.1% - district Qihe village 28 39.3% - Zhonghe village 20 45% - Luohandong 35 34.3% - village Jingchuang Wanyan village 28 35.7% - County Gongchi village 24 45.8% - Yanfeng village 20 40% - Tainchi village 18 27.8% - Zhuanglang Guoman village 22 40.9% - County Shiqiao village 33 54.5% - Yinbazi village 21 42.9% - Laojiangba 27 48.1% - Kang county village Zhuangke village 18 38.9% - Liujiaba village 29 37.9% - Luren village 20 40% 90% Xinping village 19 42.1% 84.2% Yuezangpu 18 27.8% 88.9% village Guane village 24 45.8% - Dangchangvi Lijie village 28 35.7% - llage Washeping 20 45% - village Daheba village 23 43.5% - Xinchengzi 15 40% - village Diaotan village 36 27.8% - Zhongxin Village 22 45.4% - Cheba village 28 35.7% 89.3% Hezheng Dashanzhuang 40 40% 100% County village Bianpo village 37 37.8% 81.1% Ketuo village 35 28.6% 100% 5.2.3 Symposium Situation of Enterprises and Business Institutions 97 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II While holding the symposiums of farmers in the project affected communities, the SA team successively held collective symposiums of related enterprises and business institutions in the sub-project area with coordination of every project county and district World Bank project management office. The SA team also learned the surrounding private institutions’ suggestions, attitudes towards and development needs of the project and helped them better understand both the project components and target so that they will be able to participate in the project implementation. 5.2.4 Questionnaire Surveys and Community Interviews With the questionnaire investigations and interviews of 30 communities around the 6 scenic spots, the SA team had identified the needs of the different stockholders in the project area, problems faced by the project area, the potential social risks and social impacts of the project, which has played an important role both in project designing and in avoiding any possible risks in the implementation of the project. Through analysis of questionnaires and interview results, the SA team had conducted preliminary analysis of social assessment shown in Table 5-3. The detailed conclusions and summary please refer to the section of 5.3 of this chapter and chapter 8. Table 5-3 Interview Components and Questionnaire Analysis Corellation index(%) The name of the Location Degree of Value of Obstructive factor measures scenic spot Degree of participatio expectati attention n on Community can Establish Kongdong district Kongdong 56.2 31.2 81.3 hardly benefit from community in Pingliang mountain the scenic spot organizations to Zhuanglang provide a Lack way of County in Yunya temple 54.5 78.9 67.6 platform for participation Pingliang community Lack way of participation; Jingchuan County make the Baili Grottoes 70.6 94.1 94 participation; low in Pingliang level of participation mechanism that Community can communities can Tanchang County Guanegou 65 87.5 54 hardly benefit from share the fruit of in Longnan scenic spot’s the scenic spot Community can development; the Kang County in Yangba 51.1 82.2 67.5 hardly benefit from human resource Longnan mechanism is the scenic spot clearer, more Songmingyan and Community can open; make the Hezheng County reasonable ancient animal 63.3 86.7 66.7 hardly benefit from in Linxia make-up fossil museum the scenic spot mechanism 5.3 Findings and Summary Through field survey and SIA research in the project area in the past 3 months, the SA team had got to know the social economic development status, poverty degree, natural and cultural heritage protection, needs of stockholders, ethnic minority identification, and the project's social risks and the social influence in the project-affected communities located within the 6 sub-project areas Consequently, the SA teamworked out the relevante community development project in accordance with above research results. 5.3.1 Common Problems in the Project Area and Surrounding Communities 98 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (1) The community nearby the scenit spots can hardly share the development of the scenic spots. Among 6 subprojects, the scenic spots and rural communities are distributed in an interlocked way. Predecessors of most of those communities have made a contribution to the development of the scenic spot. Nonetheless, after the establishment of scenic spots or conservation area, the scenic area gradually developed, but the poverty of the communitieshas not been improved. The rural communities can hardly share the achievements of the development of the scenic spots, and only a few community residents can work in the scenic spots The working staff of those scenic spots are directly allocated by local Management Bureaus and tourism bureaus. Thus, the community residents can't benefit from the development of the scenic spots. (2) The community residents lack of alternative livelihoods. In the scenic spots’ early development stage, land resources were levied from farmers in the form of land acquisition and demolishing, and the resettlement work did not solve the problem of alternative livelihood of the farmers who live in the community, farmers who lost the land make the living mainly by dong migrant work in cities. Their income is not stable. It is also found thataging has become a serious problem in the communities. (3) Infrastructure construction is unsound in communities. Most of the community’s infrastructure construction is relatively poor. For example, it is very common that there is no hardening of village road, nor waste disposal facilities, nor public toilets, and nor buses. Some communities have no running water, causing difficulty in drinking water. Improvement of communities’ infrastructure in communitiessupported by the project can refer to the section 3.3 of chapter three. (4) Difficulties in access to loan in community. It is difficult to have access to loans in lcoal communities. Even if farmers are able to get loan, the loan amount is small. Therefore, farmers lack of enough capital to develop services, farming and livestock industry. (5) Women's unemployment rate is high. There are no farmland for farmers in some scenic spots such as Guanegou. The poverty farmers have no working skills, making them be difficult in employment. The opportunities of dong migrant work have recently become fewer, which cause the women to become the main part of the venerable groups in community. (6) Poverty caused by policy. Factors such as the policy of returning farmland to forest, labor shortage in community due to that the young leave homes to do migrant work, instability in harvests and grain prices, frequent natural disasters, crops destroyed by wildlife, etc. have become the main obstacles of community development. Communities within the scenic spots have generally been in poverty status. 5.3.2 The Common Needs of the Communities Around the Project Area (1) Cultivation of community organizations. It is proposed that community organizations (CO) shoud be established through financing the "community organizations cultivation fund" in each project area by taking into account ofeach community’s needs and its distinguishing features. It is believed that the CO could help community public have access to project participation right, decision-making right and benefiting from development of the project. Thus, reducing absolute poverty and, sharing prosperity, the goal of project’s phase II could be realized. The detailed infromation about establishment of community organizations can be seen in section 8.5 of chapter 8. (2) Financial support. It has been found that the impoverished communities need capital funding in developing service industry, farming and planting alternative livelihoods. (3) Capacity building. The local vulnerable groups, especially women, poor people and minorities should be provided with training opportunities in the area of employment, breeding and planting techniques, handicrafts, and electrical business venture through funding support. People’s quality and their living standards could be improved through capacity building. (4) Alternative livelihoods. It is proposed that local vulnerable groups should be provided with alternative livelihoods through the above mentioned community development projects based on communication and consultations with local county or district government in the project area. 99 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (5) Perfection of infrastructure construction. The surroung communities woul be benefited from community’s infrastructure construction and the implementation of community development projects with support of the second phase project. 100 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Chapter 6 Social Risks Analysis Social risk analysis is the identification and sorting of various social factors that may affect the project. Prediction of social risks should be conducted by choosing social factors that have wide influence, long duration and may easily lead to big contradictions. And corresponding control measures of risks should be put forward based on the prediction. The SA team concluded the potential social risks affecting the project implementation based on data and secondary information through conducting questionnaire investigations and interviews with community residents near the scenic spots, employees of the scenic spot management organizations, operators in scenic spots and local officials. The potential social risks clarified includes no community participation risk, risk of land acquisition and demolition, inhabitant resettlement risk, risks of vulnerable group support, heritage damage risks, risks of racial conflicts, risks of religious conflicts and social gender risk. Finally, the corresponding control measures against major risks were put forward. 6.1 Identification of general social risks to be addressed The SA team concluded that there are following main categories of risks existing in project areas. The project community development and other other relevant activities will take actions to address these risks as appropriate and applicable in planning and implementation cycle. (1) Risk of inadequate community participation. It is found that development of social organizations (NGOs) in the six scenic spots is sluggish. Only Kongtong area exsits a few associations or organizations on cultural and natural heritage protection and development, and Songming Yan has a farmers' cooperative. NGOs have not been found in the rest of scenic spots. In the risk assessment of the six sub-projects, the risk of low community participation is ranked the first in the 6 sub-Project Areass. Obviously, low community participation is likely to be one of the major social risks of the project, which would result in failure in achieving the Bank's "Twin Goals". (2) Risk of heritage damage. In addition to Kongtong Mountain scenic spot, other scenic spots are facing risk of heritage damage at different degrees, of which Baili Grottoes scenic spot in Jingchuan county suffers most serve damage. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct rescue conservation of cultural and natural heritage. (3) Risk of a large proportion of poverty population. The east and southeast area of Gansu Province where the six project counties (districts) are located is a rather impoverished region in China with the densest poverty population. The region is marked by bad social and economical conditions, vast and severe poverty, ecological venerability, geological calamity frequency, the backwardness of the protection and exploitation of local heritage, community poverty and scenic spot prosperity contrast sharply. How to coordinate the poor communities to share the fruits of the development in scenic spots is not only a challenge for the project, but also an opportunity for project innovation. (4) Risk of lagging development in minority communities . Minority peoples in Gansu province are mainly distributed in its southeast region. Due to negative impact of geographical location, natural conditions, poor infrastructure, education and other factors, the region where the ethnic minorities live has been the poorest region in southeast of Gansu. The region had lagged behind in social and economic development for a long term, making higher poverty population and more difficulty in poverty alleviation. Therefore, it is necessary to work out community development plans aiming at the ethnic minorities in the project area, to provide the World Bank loan funds to support them, to establish community organizations for them, to provide capacity building and to formulate a locally friendly and specific project. Thus, on the basis of needs assessment, the SA team designed the minority community development projects and capacity building components. Tanchang County and Hezheng county should refer to the reports of Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) developed by the SA team to design and implement their projects. (5) Risk of gender inequality. Due to the unbalanced social and economic development level, most farmers leave home for migrant work, causing imbalance of loacl labor structure. As a result, the 101 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II community labor forces mainly comprise left-behind women and the elderly. And women have much lower educational level than men, which causes them to lack participation right, expression right, decision-making right and the right to be heard in community affairs. Hence, the project components should be fully considered in gender sentivity, community development and gender equality, and capacity building so as to promote simultaneouse development of communities and scenic spots. 6.2 Potential Risks of Each Scenic Spot The SA team had conducted successively the needs assessment in 30 communities of 6 scenic spots by adopting the method of participatory needs assessment approaches, finding the potential risk in community development. These risks are also the risks in the development of the scenic spots. If the risk can not be resolved timely, the realization of “dual goals” of the World Bank will face great challenge. Risks of each scenic spot can be seen in Table 6-1. Table 6-1 Potential Risks of Scenic Spots Scenic Potential risk spot 1. Lack of labor Kongdong mountain in 2. The infrastructure in community is relatively backward, no hardening of the road; Kongdong district 3. Sole income source, mainly rely on migrant work and planting and animal husbandry; 4. Communities can not participate in the development of scenic spots, neither share the prosperity of the scenic spot; 5. Communities inside the scenic spots can hardly communicate with outside and lack of information exchanging; 6. No community organizations; community lack of impetus of self-development. 1. No community organization; Baili Grottoes in Jingchuan County 2. Sole income source, mainly rely on migrant work and planting and animal husbandry; 3. Community can not participate in the development of scenic spots, neither share the prosperity of the scenic spots; 4. There has been a “vacancy period” in the management of Baili Grottoes grottoes; lack of specialized institutes to manage the scenic spot. Although the grottoes are located within the community, community lacks of ownership and responsibility to it, and can not actively intervene with the damage of the grottoes, which have increased the risk possibility of heritage damage. 5. Lack of agreed tourism management plans; lack of tourists; 6. Robbing tomb is rampant near Wanyan village; lack of effective management; 7. Tianchi village is at the top of the mountain of Wangmugong scenic spot, but its development is separated with that of the scenic spot. 1. Although a community has founded a herb association, it is not set up by villagers themselves, and Yuanya temple in Zhuanglang the association lacks of various management regulations. The community has not had the ownership for the association; 2. Infrastructure in Guoman village is imperfect; road is not hardened; transportation of agriculture products is inconvenient; living cost is increased; Shiqiao village is settled in one place, but it lacks of County heating supply and development fund; 3. Communities can not participate in the development of scenic spot, neither share the prosperity of the scenic spots; 4. Due to the fact that the village’s transportation is blocked and village is far from the urban area, agricultural products and materials’ transportation fee is high; 5. Lack of agreed tourism management plans; lack of tourists; risk in income increasing. 102 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Scenic Potential risk spot 1. No community organizations; communities lack of self-management risk; 2. Only Diaotan village which is nearest to the scenic spot has a kindergarten. Other five villages including Cheba village, Ketuo village, Dashanzhuan village and Bianpo village where Dongxiang minorities live have no kindergartens, and the locatation of those 5 villages is far away from the Songmingyan in Hezheng County primary school. Children can not attend school at schooling age. The percentage of dropping out is relatively high, which may cause the dissatisfaction of community; 3. Bridge at the entrance of the village is in danger. Many elders get hurt or be paralyzed, causing farmers' complains. 4. Community can not participate in the development of scenic spot, neither share the prosperity of the scenic spot; 5. Lack of agreed toiurism management plans; lack of tourists; risk in income increasing; 6. Drinking water comes from the mountain spring water nearby. Because the nearby water supply plant belong to Guanghe County. Lack of water supply might cause complains of the communities. 7. Low season of the scenic spot is long (from the National Day to the end of April of next year). There are fewer tourists. Residents around the scenic spot benefit less from tourism, and can hardly make a living; 8. Due to development of the scenic spot, land of the community of Diaotan village is requisited. But the government had not provide farmers who lost land with alternative livelihood. There is livelihood risk in community. 1. No community organization; 2. After the termination of the policy returning farmland to forest, the community faces the difficulties of making a living; Guanegou in Tanchang County 3. Due to the policy “returning farmland to forest” and no forest lumbering, the community lacks of energy for cooking and heating. Buying heating energy like coal has increased the expenditure of community residents. Community is not satisfied with the adjustment of the policy; 4. Community has no access to participating in the development of the scenic spots. Service employees such as security staff, cleaners, etc. have seldom been hired from the community. Community can not share the prosperity of scenic spot, which has led the dissatisfaction toward management institute in scenic spot; 5. The opportunity of migrant work becomes less and less compared with that of previous years and the opportunity of income-increase also becomes less. Community depends more on scenic spot, but it lacks consultation mechanism between the scenic spot and community; 6. The development of the scenic spot will lead to land requisition and demolition. And there will be few displacement persons. But relevant compensation policy has not been worked out, which might increase the conflict risk between the scenic spot and community. 1. No community organization; 2. There are 5 villages in the scenic spot. Laojiangba village has no lightening facilities, but the other 4 villages have lightening facilities, which has caused the complains of the Laojiangba community; Yangba in Kang County 3. The major income of the community is the planting of Chinese herb Tianma (Gastrodia elata). But it is believed that the planting of Tianma will damage the forest (as planting Tianma need to chop down trees). Although the government does not support the planting of Tianma, community has no alternative way to make a living and rely a lot on Tianma planting. It leads to the contradiction between forest protection and livelihood improvement, which is also an potential factor resulting in the conflict between government and community; 4. Since 2003, Yinbazi village has started to return forest to tea planting. But the tea business is not optimistic, which has posed a great challenge to livelihood improvement; 5. Laojiangba village lacks of a bridge and the road is not hardened. In the flood period, the community would often be divided with the outside. 6.3 Mitigationn measures to tackle Social Risks and impacts It is necessary to carry out the World Bank’s dual goal “reducing absolute poverty and sharing prosperity”. It is proposed to take the following measure as indicated in Table 6-2 to mitigate the potential risks during implementation of the World Bank project. In terms of implementing arrangements, The PPMO, established under the Gansu Provincial Development and Reform Commission (GDRC), will have overall 103 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II responsibility for the implementation of the social action plan to mitigate the negative social impacts and promote positive impacts of the project. This PPMO has good experience in implementing World Bank supported projects in the past. Each county PMO will be responsible for daily management and implementation with the support of the project township government and village committees. The PMO will hire an experienced professional social consulting team to provide technical support in providing regular and timely advice on, and monitoring and evaluation of, the social management plans, including relevant EMDPs under coordination of Hezheng and Tanchang PMOs, and implementation of other social management actions incorporated in the ESMP which the following table 6-2 of specific mitigation measures. 104 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table 6-2 Mitigation Measures to Address Social Risks No. Social Risks Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Operationalized Action Plans Communities are unable to (1)Invite a community organization cultivation （1） Cultivate 31 community organizations in 6 project areas, 12 of Risk of Low participate in scenic development, specialist or an independent development which are key cultivated and registered in government community causing conflicts between the agency to cultivate an organization for each organizations. See appendix 4 for type and amount of community participation communities and the scenic spots. community; organizations; (2)Provide capacity building for community （2）Social impact assessment team designs specific capacity 1 organizations. building project for each sub-project area in accordance with (3) Scenic spot management agencies and community need assessment. Main training activities include local tourism bureaus encourage community community organization, comprehensive tourism development, organizations to participate in opening of peasant inn, as well as development of featured product decision-making and project activities. and service, etc. Traditional culture is in danger of (1)Improve management mode of scenic (1)Scientifically calculate reasonable capacity of heritage site. Risk of heritage disappearing, the scenic spots and spots; explore “community co-management” Control tourists amount and external intervention. Be strict with damage communities can't coordinately mechanism; scenic spot harmoniously construction protection and keep project risk to lowest level; develop. develop with community and protect cultural (2)Project design in pre-phase should consider to use low and natural heritage together; emission, low pollution or more environmental friendly measures. (2)Scenic spot provide job opportunities for Buildings should integrate perfectly with surrounding environment; 2 surrounding communities and share its (3)Actively protect traditional residents using the mode of development results with communities, which community participation and community development; promotes community in protecting cultural (4)During project implementation, professional agency and and natural heritage. personnel should be recruited to provide professional plan and guidance for protection and development of cultural and natural heritage in project area. Community can not share the (1)Invest on community development fund; (1)Community skill and service training. It is mainly composed of Risk of large achievements of the development provide fund support for vulnerable group to skill training in the aspects of comprehensive tourism, opening of population of poor of the scenic spots, the Bank's search for alternative livelihood; peasant inn, as well as development of featured product and people, high "double target" cannot be achieved. (2)Skill training. Provide alternative livelihood service; proportion of and skill training for vulnerable group, such (2)Cultivation of community organizations. Cultivate 31 community 3 vulnerable group with as electronic commerce and operation of organizations in 6 scenic spots; low capacity peasant inn, etc; (3)Procurement of goods. Mainly for expenses of basic equipment (3)In future project implementation, local for operation of community organizations (office equipment etc.) communities have priority for job opportunities 105 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (4)Implement community development project. The ethnic minority groups are (1)Improve overall quality of ethnic minorities (1)Community skill and service training. It is mainly composed of Risk of lagging marginilized, causing difficulty in and improve comprehensive development skill training in the aspects of comprehensive tourism, opening of development in livelihood. capacity of community through capacity peasant inn, as well as development of featured product and minority communities building training project; service; (2)Develop Ethnic Minority Development Plan (2)Cultivation of community organizations. Cultivate 4 ethnic 4 and provide specific development plan for minority community organizations in Hezheng County and cultivate ethnic minority communities; 9 community organizations in Tanchang County; (3)Procurement of goods. It includes expenses of basic equipment for operation of community organizations (office equipment etc.), and basic equipment for village level folk culture performance team (costumes, props, etc.) Women have no access to (1)Provide job skill training for community (1)Provide skill training. It is mainly composed of skill training in the Risk of great participate in the scenic spot women, especially for unemployed women; aspects of comprehensive tourism, opening of peasant inn, as well difference between development, causing women to be (2)Gender equality should be fully taken as development of featured product and service; demands for men and poorer. consideration in design of project (2)Establish specific community organizations, for example, women and difficult to construction. Priority consideration should be Tanchang County Tourism Service Association, establishment of 5 realize gender given to community development and gender which is to meet local women’ requirements on embroidery, equality equality. Capacity building projects will be peasant inn and bee keeping. designed to promote synchronous development between community and scenic spot. 106 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Chapter7 Project Social Impact Analysis Overview of project social impacts Through questionnaires, forums and interviews on employees in scenic areas, residents nearby scenic spots and local officials, together with some data and secondary literature materials, the SA team had summarized the impact of the project on different fields including stakeholders, culture and nature, social service capacity and urbanization. In general the project has the following negative and positive impacts during project construction and operation stages: Negative Social Impacts of the project The construction of the project will cause adverse social impacts during the construction phase as following:  Loss of tourism income during the conservation of the PCRs: such loss of income is expected to be temporary and can be compensated for by greatly increase income when the tourist flow increase after the project is completed;  The fossils would be damaged during the transportation: the transportation of the construction materials can be carefully arranged to avoid the fossil area and the heavy trucks will be prohibited throughout the construction stage so as to minimize the vibration impact on the fossils;  The aesthetics of the scenic areas will be affected by the noise and dust: such impact is temporary and the scope of the impact is only limited to a very small area compared with the large area of the scenic spots. In addition, the equipment with low noise will be used rather than the heavy equipment, and the dust will be reduced by water spray;  Communities and tourists will be exposed to the safety risk due to the increased traffic of construction fleet: the route of the transportation fleet will be carefully selected so as to avoid the densely populated area or the hot tourism areas; in addition, the traffic safety requirements provided in the EHS Guideline General have been included in the ESIA and the ESMP.  Negative impacts may be induced with the development of the scenic spots attracting more and more tourists, the influx of the external culture and tourism consumers may increase the price of local goods, and affect business moral standards. The issues of value system, cultural shocks and moral degradation may arise  The change to identified location of civil works during project implementation potentially may cause additional land demanding for involuntary resettlement.  Influx of migrant workers during the project construction period and increasing influx of tourists may have some impact on local social security, cultural shocks to ethnic minorities, and even epidemic disease expansion. Positive Social Impacts of the Project The proposed project will produce major social benefits as intended for conservation of the cultural and natural heritage, enhance tourism services and improve community services. The six project counties/districts are the poverty counties in Gansu. Through the project the six counties/districts will be benefited from:  Improved opportunity for employment and increase of income, thus reducing the pressure to the natural resources: as a result of the project development, the tourism resource in the project area will be developed in a sustainable level, which will boost the economic development resulting in growth of employment and income. The traditional use of local natural resource, such as grazing, will disappear or be reduced due to the provision of employment opportunity by the project;  Accelerated poverty reduction. It is estimated that 7381 people will be directly lifted out of poverty while 110,715 people will be indirectly lifted out of poverty;  Improved opportunity for agricultural development due to more convenient transportation; the project will construct the roads that can be used by local people, which will promote the connection with the market with the people in the project area, thus the demand for agricultural 107 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II products can be found and as a result, the local agricultural production will be promoted;  Improved sanitation conditions for the communities: the project will construct the sanitation facilities in the project area, which will improve the sanitation conditions and reduce the morbidity rate of the locality;  Promoted development of vulnerable groups: as a result of the project, the vulnerable groups, such as women and old people, will participate in the project to provide the service to the tourists;  Improved conservation of cultural and natural heritages: the project will repair and promote the conservation of the physical cultural properties in an sustainable manner; and  Stimulated tourism sector and improved public awareness for environmental protection. 7.1 Social Impact Analysis on Kongtong Mount Project 7.1.1 Impact on Main Stakeholders Table 7-1 reveals the impact on main stakeholders after the implementation of the World Bank project phase II. 7.1.2 Impact on Local Natural and Cultural Heritages As Mount Kongtong is a holy land of Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism, religious buildings such as Taoist temples, Buddhist halls, etc. can be seen in great numbers. Co-existence of the thee three religions shows the all-embracing traditions of China, which is to be containment, generous and harmonious. The project exploitation will put positive influence on local religious culture and development. In terms of cultural heritage protection, projects involve maintenance of 7 historical buildings, with renovation of the surroundings of Xiangshan Temple, Wangmu Palace, Jingle Palace and Wendao Palace; maintenance of 7 ancient temples and pagodas. In terms of natural heritage protection, projects involve archiving and maintenance of ancient and rare trees, setting imitated ecological protection fencing of 2,300m in length, and 570 English and Chinse signboards. Installing 25 km-long protection fencing for scenic areas. Establishing flood drainage ditiches with a length of 2,290 meters, and installing geological hazard monitoring and early warning system so as to protect geological relics. The implementation of these projects will positively promote the protection and inheritance of local natural and cultural heritages. 7.1.3 Impact on Social Service Capacity According to the statistics from Mount Kongtong Tourism Administration, the scenic area received 2,405 million tourists in 2014, and 2.42 million up to October 12 th, 2015, with the maximum tourist capacity to be 24,000/day. It is predicted that tourist number on peak days will reach 16,500 in 2030. The project is in favor of tourist capacity control by adopting multiple tour lines, different-period visiting, etc.. That is to channel and allocate tourists among different scenic areas, and adopting monitoring measures in choke points to control tourist number. 7.1.4 Impact on Urbanization The project development and driving effect in Kongtong District after the project is implemented will contribute to attracting capitals, binging in talents, gathering information and expanding market, which will promote the economic development and urbanization level of Kongtong District,and in turn, local urbanization can accelerate the development of local tourism. The stimulation effects for local urbanization by the development of tourism could be summarized as follows. First, the project implementation will improve the infrastructure in Mount Kongtong, so does the urbanization foundation level. For example, during the exploitation of Kongtong District, in order to enlarge the external tourist number, nonstop highways directing to surrounding cities are planned and constructed, solving transportation and tourist traffic volume problems caused by scenic areas development. After the implementation of the project, the improvement of local infrastructure will lay foundation for higher level of urbanization. 108 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table 7-1 Impact of the subproject on main stakeholders in Kongtong District No. Sub-project components Impact during project construction Impact during project operation Positive impact Negative impact Mitigation Positive impact Negative impact Mitigation measures measures 1 Cultural and natural heritage protection: Cultural and natural Engineering vehicles will Environmental Scenic spots will be More tourists may Number of tourists maintenance of 7 historical buildings, 7 heritage in the scenic frequently pass through the and safety protected and bring potential impact should be controlled ancient tombs and pagodas and 35 spots will be well community and the scenic education inherited, impact of on local ecological in the tourist season. religionists’ dwellings; archiving and protected, which will area during implementation should be the scenic spots will environment and Traditional culture and protection, setting simulated ecological enhance the impact of of the project, increasing the addressed for be enhanced, historical buildings. moral ethics protection fencing for ancient and rare the scenic spots and noise and dust, etc.; Traffic the construction promoting Increase of tourists education should be trees; setting English and Chinese reduce the hazard risk. volume will also increase, workers. sustainable might destroy local conducted for local signboards and installing protection which might cause certain Construction development and traditional values. In communities. fencing for scenic areas. 2,290 meters security risk. Migrant should be laying foundation for addition, local of flood-drainage ditches will be set up construction workers might operated at day the application of residents may rip off and geological disaster monitoring and dump garbages during time so as to world heritage tourists for profit. early warning system will be installed in construction period, which reduce noise at protection center for the scenic spot. would damage local night. Mount Kongtong environment. And construction at night would affect residents’ rest. 2 Capacity enlargement exploitation: The number of scenic Engineering vehicles will Ditto Project The construction might Development including reorganization and expansion spots will be frequently pass through the implementation will harm the landscape; should be controlled for tourist trails; setting up dustbins, increased, causing community and the scenic promote the scenic local residents might in a reasonable range. building pavilions, waterborne platforms more tourists to come, area during implementation impact, enlarge the be confronted with Construction activities and featured landscapes as well as which in turn promotes of the project, increasing the scenic scale, price rise, destruction should be designed to environmental friendly toilets in scenic generation of noise and dust, etc. increase the intake of their former fit the landscape. areas like Tanzhengxia, Yanzhichuan livelihood of Intermittent pauses of water capacity, boost the tranquilized life, Prices should be and Xiangshan; Building out communities. supply and power supply employment of pollution and noise controlled by the Price infrastructures, such as English and might happen, causing surplus labor, and and crowed living Control Authorities. Chinese signboards, water supply inconveniences for local improve the spaces. project, power supply project, garbage residents. development of collection and transfer station and community service, 109 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II flood-draining ditches. sales, and emerging industries. 3 Core scenic areas promotion: Natural and human Engineering vehicles will Ditto Better tourist Local residents might To advocate the Price conducting thorough maintenance and disaster risk will be frequently pass through the satisfaction helps confronted with price Control Authorities reinforcement through building decreased. Local community and the scenic scenic areas conduct rise, destruction of and Tourism Bureaus overpasses on Mount Tiantai; communities’ job area during implementation better publicity and their former to control price and constructing water pools for firefighting, opportunities around of the project, increasing the drive the local tranquilized life, the traffic volume in refurbishing the circuit, reforming the the scenic spot will be noise and dust, etc. economic pollution and noise the scenic spots. narration signboard system; building increased, and Intermittent pauses of water development, so as and crowed living small-scale buried sewage treatment garbage and sewage supply and power supply to bring more income spaces. facilities, water supply and drainage treatment capacity will might happen, causing for local residents. pipelines, and scenic integrated be enhanced. inconveniences for local information system. residents. 4 Community development: Hardening of Promote the Ditto. Ditto Residents’ living The project activities the path of the community; community residents standard gets lifted; worked out by the Procurement and use of hand-push to understand the road construction COs should be Lack of quality leaders cleaning cars, refuse sorting dustbins, project’s construction brings convenience supported by the might result in garbage collection points; Install solar components and aims, to residents; government unsustainable garden light; Beautify the surrounding and enhancing the recreational facilities development development of COs environment; build towers and shaft local public and enrich residents’ planning.The leaders and commercialization tourists’ awareness of lives of the COs should be of the community may environmental organized for 2-3 damange traditional protection. times a year to cultural values. communite with each other so as to stabilize the team. 5 Capacity promotion: strengthing The comprehensive Some farmers will be Farmer's The integrated Short of capacity A union for all COs in capacity building for the management capabilities and skills unwilling to attend the training should quality and skills of building during each sub-project area staff and employees in the scenic spot. of the employees in trainunless they are offered be integrated the management operation period might should be set up.The the scenic spot will be gifs or subsidy. with community staff in the scenic cause the sustainability of COs' enhanced. The development spots and management level of capacity building management level of project and community residents COs to be difficulty in should be kept the scenic spot will training will be enhanced. promotion. through government's 110 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II also be increased, and activities should support. the quality of be conducted at community residents slack farming will be improved. seasons. 6 Research themes: they will focus on A It will enhance the Improper selection of Rich Influence of the Experts in the theme research on Kongtong mountain public’s awareness of research staff might draw experienced scenic spot, the Lack of innovation should be invited to ancient architectural complexes scenic spot culture, unfavorable conclusions for reseaerch publicity and research conclusions evaluate the research protection technology, A survey and protection of ancient the scenic spot development. institutions popularity of the would lead to failure in results. filing of Kongtong Mountain ancient buildings and ancient should be ancient buildings and promotion of the trees, and work out of application trees. selected to ancient trees will be management level of reports of the World Cultural and conduct the promoted. the scenic spots. Natural Heritage. research. 111 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Second, the development of local tourism shifted the employment pattern of local villagers from agriculture production pattern to the combination of agriculture and business pattern and from traditional type to modern type, promoting the development of population urbanization. 7.2 Social Impact Analysis on Baili Grottoes, Jingchuan County 7.2.1 Impact on Main Stakeholders After the implementation of the project, community participation can effectively improve the local resident income, living standard of women, senior people, children and minority people. The poverty reduction program that will be financially supported by the World Bank loan project in Biali Grottoes gallery states clearly to develop planting industry, animal husbandry and put the tertiary industry, such as tourism and service industry in priority. Table 7-2 reveals the impact on main stakeholders after the implementation of the World Bank project phase II. 7.2.2 Impact on Local Cultural and Natural Heritages There are two main cultural classes in Jingchuan County: (1) religion culture consisting of Buddhism culture, Xiwangmu culture, etc.; (2) Wanyan folk culture. The implementation of the World Bank project will construct Wanyan village, Xiwangmu ancient clan cultural theme park, etc., making sure that the unique Huaxia initial cultural and folk culture are under protection and being inherited. 7.2.3 Impact on Social Service Capacity The annual tourist reception quality of Baili Grotto gallery in 2014 was 295,000, with the maximum daily capacity to be 12,000. There are 92 employees, 18 administrative staff, 106 community member participants and 49 peddlers. After the implementation of the World Bank project, the overall reception quality of the county is predicted to be 3 million in 2020. There will be 3 four-star hotels, 6 three-star hotels and up to 300 stars level rural inns in Jingchuan County in 2020, with increasing reception capacity and level. 7.2.4 Impact on Urbanization For better implementation of the World Bank project, Jingchaun County government indicates in the “13th five-year plan” that investment in infrastructure should be increased, so as to boost tourism development and create local branded tourism. Because of the large quantity and wide range of construction projects in Jingchuan County, the impacted residents are the most after the implementation. The implementation of community project can drive the local community development and accelerate local urbanization, through constructing rural inns, popularizing the cultivation of fruit trees, rare plants, vegetable gardens and medicinal herbs as alternative livelihood projects. 7.3 Social Impact Analysis on Yunya Temple, Zhuanglang County 7.3.1 Impact on Main Stakeholders There will be positive influences for Yunya scenic area and surrounding residents after the implementation of the project. Local women can take part in catering, small ware selling, etc., which can not only solve the bread-and-butter issue, but also can avoid outflow of more young working forces. Combing the county tourism industry development plan, Zhuanglang County takes the communities surrounding Yunya Temple as tourism-suitable areas, making sure under-developed areas and impoverished people benefiting from poverty reduction action through tourism. 112 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table 7-2 Impact of the subproject on main stakeholders in Baili grottoes in Jingchuan County No. Sub-project Impact during project construction Impact during project operation components Positive impact Negative impact Mitigation measures Positive impact Negative impact Mitigation measures 1 Cultural relics repair Cultural and natural Engineering vehicles will Environmental and Grotto cultural relics will Might cause second Number of tourists and protection: heritage in the scenic frequently pass through safety education gain repaired and the damage to culture should be controlled Chenghuang temple spots will be well the community and the should be addressed scenic area will be more relics. Increase of in the tourist season. maintenance and protected, which will scenic area during for the construction attractive, which benefits tourists might destroy Traditional culture protection; fence enhance the impact of the implementation of the workers. Construction the improvement of the local traditional values. and moral ethics installation of Han’wang scenic spots and reduce project, increasing the should be operated at overall construction of In addition, local education should be tombs; Establishment of the hazard risk. noise and dust, etc.; day time so as to Baili Grottoes. residents may rip off conducted for local Wanyan folk cultural Traffic volume will also reduce noise at night. tourists for profit. communities. exhibition rooms; Rock increase, which might reinforcement of cause certain security Luohan grottoes and risk. Migrant Hanjiagou grottoes; construction workers infrastructure might dump garbages improvement of during construction Zhangba Temple, period, which would Jiangjianan Temple and damage local Shuiquan Temple. environment. And construction at night would affect residents’ rest. 2 Scenic spot The number of scenic The original landscape Landscape experts Increasing tourists will Tourists might break Advocacy and improvement: spots will be increased, might be damaged by should be invited to boost local economy the local peaceful life, environmental infrastructure causing more tourists to engineering design infrastructure development; The and cause pollution education for tourists improvement in come, which in turn construction. construction projects development of and noises. should be conducted dustbins, flush toilets promotes generation of infrastructure will to reduce the and ecological parks in livelihood of communities. increase the comfort adverse effect to the 113 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Hanjiagou grottoes of degree, satisfaction for community. Luohandong and travelling, as well as the Ecological tourism Wangmu Palace scenic convenience of local should be area. residents. advocated. 3 Community Local communities’ job Temporary traffic jams Environmental and Improving residents’ Lack of quality leaders The project activities development: opportunities around the and noise might occur. safety education self-management might result in worked out by the infrastructure scenic spot will be should be addressed awareness, maintaining unsustainable COs should be improvement of increased, triggering local for the construction the mutual interests of development of COs supported by the Wanyan folk villages people’s understanding of workers. Construction community members, and commercialization government and Luohandong the project and their should be operated at and promoting the of the community may development villages. participation. day time so as to harmonious damange traditional planning.The leaders reduce noise at night. development between cultural values. of the COs should be communities and scenic organized for 2-3 areas. times a year to communite with each other so as to stabilize the team. 4 Capacity building: Skill Promoting participation of Some farmers will be Farmer's training Improving the overall Short of capacity A union for all COs training for the staff in all fields of the unwilling to attend the should be integrated quality and employment building during in each sub-project management staff, scenic spot. training unless they are with community skills of employees, the operation period might area should be set employees and relics offered gifts or subsidy. development project management level in cause the up.The sustainability repair technology staff and training activities scenic areas. Improving management level of of COs' capacity in the scenic spot and should be conducted community participation COs to be difficulty in building should be farmers. at slack farming and relic-protection promotion. kept through seasons. awareness. government's support. 5 Research theme: A Technical support for Improper selection of Rich experienced Cultural and natural Lack of innovation A mechanism of research on protection sustainable development research staff might reseaerch institutions heritage protection will research conclusions collaboration technology of murals of the scenic spot and draw unfavorable should be selected to be enhanced through would lead to failure in beetween COs and and painting in promotion of protection of conclusions for the conduct the research. application of promotion of the the scenic spots Luohandong. cultural and natural of scenic spot technology. management level of should be set up. Luohandong grottoes. development. the scenic spots. 114 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table 7-3 Impact of the subproject on main stakeholders in Yunya Temple in Zhuanglang County No. Sub-project components Impact during project construction Impact during project operation Positive impact Negative impact Mitigation Positive impact Negative impact Mitigation measures measures 1 Cultural & natural heritage Cultural and natural Engineering vehicles will Environmental and Improvement of relics, Might cause Number of tourists protection: disaster management of heritage in the scenic frequently pass through safety education scenic spot and second damage should be controlled palisades; geological disaster spots will be well the community and the should be addressed environment of the to culture relics. in the tourist season. management in the scenic spot; protected, which will scenic area during for the construction surrounding Increase of Traditional culture establishment of monitoring & early enhance the impact of implementation of the workers. communities; tourists might and moral ethics warning system in the scenic spot. the scenic spots and project, increasing the Construction should enhancement of destroy local education should be reduce the hazard risk. noise and dust, etc.; be operated at day security factor in the traditional values. conducted for local Traffic volume will also time so as to reduce scenic spot, which is In addition, local communities. increase, which might noise at night. favorable to residents may rip cause certain security risk. sustainable off tourists for Migrant construction development of the profit. workers might dump scenic spot. garbages during construction period, which would damage local environment. And construction at night would affect residents’ rest. 2 Scenic spot improvement: The number of scenic Engineering vehicles will To shape a good Natural Advocacy and Rebuilding fire channels and tourist spots will be increased, frequently pass through image of the scenic landscape of the environmental walk trails, build a viewing platform causing more tourists the community and the spot, enhance the scenic spot might education for tourists and a half-way house, to come, which in turn scenic area during influence of the scenic be influenced by should be conducted redevelopment of the tourist service promotes generation of implementation of the spot, attract tourists, engineering to reduce the adverse center, set up of environmentally livelihood of project, increasing the promote tourism construction of effect to the friendly toilets and garbage collection communities. noise and dust, etc.; development while the project. More community. stations, installation of geological Traffic volume will also driving the visitors may bring Ecological tourism hazard monitoring points and build increase, which might development of the more garbage. should be advocated. more sign boards, etc. cause certain security risk. community. 115 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 3 Community participation: Promote the public to Some infrastructure A sound operational Improvement of living Lack of quality The project activities improvement of infrastructure in understand and projects might bring noise, plan should be environment of the leaders might worked out by the communities located in Shiqiao and participate in the air pollution, worked out and a communities, result in COs should be Guoman villages; improvement of proposed project; inconveniences for local temporary walk path promotion of sharing unsustainable supported by the living environment for religious gradually improvement residents' travelling. for villagers should economic prosperous. development of government personnel. of environment and be set up. COs and development image of the commercializatio planning.The leaders communities n of the of the COs should be surrounding the scenic community may organized for 2-3 spot. damange times a year to traditional communite with each cultural values. other so as to stabilize the team. 4 Capacity building: Skill training for Good for sustainable Some farmers will be Farmer's training Improving the overall Short of capacity A union for all COs in the management staff and development of the unwilling to attend the should be integrated quality and building during each sub-project area employees in the scenic spot as well scenic spot and training unless they are with community employment skills of operation period should be set up.The as local residents in the communities promotion of protection offered gifts or subsidy. development project employees, the might cause the sustainability of COs' around the scenic spot. of cultural and natural and training management level in management capacity building heritage. Strengthening activities should be scenic areas. level of COs to should be kept awareness of conducted at slack Improving community be difficulty in through government's self-management of farming seasons. participation and promotion. support. communities and relic-protection coordinating awareness. Project relationships among inspection can spot different stakeholders. risks and reduce negative impacts in the implementation. 116 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 7.3.2 Impact on Local Natural and Cultural Heritages The precipice solidification of Hongya temple, Jinwa temple, Da temple and Zhulin temple, drainage measures, disaster prevention and control, as well as geological disaster prevention in the scenic area are covered in the project construction, protecting cultural and natural heritages in extensive extent. Meanwhile, 5 full-view signboards, 30 explanatory signboards, 50 guiding signboards and 100 advising signboards will be installed in the scenic area, which will remarkably lift the cultural connotation and help tourists know the scenic area better, benefiting the protection and inheritance of the natural and cultural heritages. 7.3.3 Impact on Social Service Capacity The total area of Yunya temple is 147 km2, 17 km2 of which is suitable for visiting. Currently there are 3 parking lots in different sizes with total area of 2000 m2. Visiting days of the scenic area is 180 days, daily maximum tourist number reaches 10,000, and annual tourist number to be 170,600. After the project implementation, the annual tourist number is predicted to reach 537,000 in 2020, based on the tourism status and potential of Zhuanglang County and the Yunya temple scenic area in Zhuanglang, and maximum daily number will reach 25,442 based on the complete tourism channel measurement. 7.3.4 Impact on Local Urbanization After the implementation of the project, Yunya temple will see increasing tourist number, which will stimulate the development of local development related to tourism, like catering, accommodation and transportation, etc.. Meanwhile, the construction will bring more job opportunities, therefore, villagers engaging in agriculture cultivation will decrease and non-agriculture activities will increase, so that the industrial structure will change, the local material life and lifestyles of local residents will transform gradually to tertiary industry, and the local urbanization process will be boosted. 7.4 Social Impact Analysis on Guan’egou , Tanchang County 7.4.1 Impact on main stakeholders Impact on main stakeholders by the project implementation is shown in Talble 7-4. 117 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table 7-4. Impact of the subproject on main stakeholders in Guan'egou scenic spot in Tanchang County No. Sub-project components Impact during project construction Impact during project operation Positive impact Negative impact Mitigation measures Positive impact Negative impact Mitigation measures 1 Folk culture heritage and Local communities’ job Engineering vehicles will Environmental and Folk culture of Qiang and Increase of tourists Number of tourists protection of Qiang and opportunities around the frequently pass through the safety education Tibet nationalities got might destroy local should be Tibet nationalities： ancient scenic spot will be community and the scenic area should be addressed protected, inherited and traditional values. In controlled in the village protection in Luren increased, enhancing during implementation of the for the construction understood by more people, addition, local tourist season. and Xinping villages; local residents’ income project, increasing the noise workers. Construction promoting nationality residents may rip off Traditional culture vegetation briefing and and public awareness on and dust, etc.; Traffic volume should be operated at inclusion and harmony. tourists for profit. and moral ethics anti-chopping signboards; Tibetan and Qiang will also increase, which might day time so as to Natural and cultural heritage education should Investigation and Peoples’ buildings and cause certain security risk. reduce noise at night. will be well protected and be conducted for documentation of rare and folk culture. Migrant construction workers inherited. The influence of local communities. precious wild plants; might dump garbages during the scenic spot will be comprehensive hazard construction period, which increased, and the scenic treatment in scenic spot. would damage local spot will be sustainably environment. And construction developed. at night would affect residents’ rest. 2 Scenic area promotion: Job opportunities in the Engineering vehicles will Infrastructure construction Local community To advocate the construction of drainage communities around the frequently pass through the lifts tourists comfort level residents may be Price Control and power supply facilities scenic spot will be community and the scenic area and satisfaction degree, confronted with Authorities and in Guanzhu valley and increased; The publicity during implementation of the boosting local tourism potential impacts, Tourism Bureaus E’man valley; building a of the scenic spot will be project, increasing the noise development and benefiting such as rising prices, to control price tourist service center, an raised and the garbage and dust, etc.; Traffic volume local residents. breaking of their and the traffic entrance gate, and E’man disposal capacity will be will also increase, which might peaceful lives, living volume in the valley entrance and ascended. cause certain security risk. environment scenic spots. parking lots. Road pollution, noises and lightening and guide crowding. signboards as well as explanatory signs. 3 Community development Promote community Short-term inconveniences for A sound operational Improving residents’ living Infrastructure The project 118 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II consists of training of residents to better local people to travel. plan should be worked standards and perfecting construction might activities worked community residents and understand the project out and a temporary infrastructure will benefit for harm the landscape. out by the COs improvement of components and aims, walk path for villagers agricultural marketing sales, Lack of quality should be infrastructure. and raise local people’s should be set up. reduce agricultural leaders might result supported by the awareness of transportation expense and in unsustainable government environmental facilitate their transportation. development of COs development protection. and planning.The commercialization of leaders of the COs the community may should be damange traditional organized for 2-3 cultural values. times a year to communite with each other so as to stabilize the team. 4 Capacity building: the Improving the integrated Some farmers will be unwilling Farmer's training Improving the integrated Short of capacity A union for all management staff and quality and skill to attend the training unless should be integrated quality and skill competence building during COs in each employees in the scenic competence of the they are offered gifts or subsidy. with community of the scenic spot staff and operation period sub-project area spot and farmers in the scenic spot staff and development project management level; might cause the should be set project area will be management level; and training activities improving quality of management level of up.The trained. improving quality of should be conducted community organizations COs to be difficulty sustainability of community organizations at slack farming and local people. in promotion. COs' capacity and local people. seasons. building should be kept through government's support. 5 Research themes: Qiang Increasing Improper selection of research Rich experienced Scenic spot popularity will Lack of innovation Experts in the Tibetan folk culture understanding and staff might draw unfavorable reseaerch institutions be lifted, more people will research conclusions theme should be collection and research recognition of local conclusions for the scenic spot should be selected to have access to knowing would lead to failure invited to evaluate (including film and people about scenic development. conduct the research. Qiang Tibetan culture and in promotion of the the research television production) culture and Qiang customs. management level of results. Tibetan folk culture. the scenic spots. 119 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 7.4.2 Impact on Cultural and Natural Heritage After the project implementation, cultural and natural heritage protection engineering and capacity building project will improve the heritage protection awareness of the management staff in the community and scenic area, promoting them to absorb outside management experience and knowledge. Besides, the implementation of Qiang folk culture inheritance and protection will promote the construction of Qiang and Tibet folk culture exhibition hall, the protection and exploitation of nationality culture, construction of “Bonism” document heritage museum and the cultural protection of the Vajrayana Bonism, all of which are in favor of the protection and inheritance of DangchangTanchang County folk culture. 7.4.3 Impact on Social Service Capacity Annual tourists received in Guan’e valley in 2014 were 66,600 with the daily maximum to be 6,000 in Chinese National Day, which is called golden week in China. There are 126 employees, 73 administrative staff and 2, 321 community members participating in the tourism activities, with current peddlers to be 18. After the implementation of the project, tourist footpath will be built between Guanzhu valley and E’man valley, which can expand travel scope and lengthen tourists staying time. As the perfection of the infrastructure in and outside the scenic area, and the increasing of tourist number will boost the development of local community service, sales industry and other industries, so as to increase the annual service capacity. 7.4.4 Impact on Urbanization Tourist number will increase as the perfection of infrastructure in the scenic area, which will in turn stimulate the local government to accelerate the infrastructure construction. It is predicted that the county population will be over 70,000 in 2020, with urbanization rate to be 30%; the building density in the new city zone should be under 40% and plot ratio under 6.0, while the building density in old town should be under 50% and plot ratio under 4.0; garbage hazard-free treatment should reach 95% and road area per capita should reach 13 m2. Infrastructure construction will promote urbanization. 7.5 Social Impact Analysis on Yangba Project, in Kang County 7.5.1 Impact on Main Stakeholders The impact on main stakeholders by the implementation of the World Bank project is shown in table 7-5. 120 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table 7-5. Impact of the subproject on main stakeholders in Yangba scenic spot in Kangxian County No. Sub-project components Impact during project construction Impact during project operation Positive impact Negative impact Mitigation measures Positive impact Negative impact Mitigation measures 1 Intangible cultural & natural The Ancient Tea Route Project construction Environmental and Traditional folk culture Increase of tourists Number of tourists heritage protection project: would increase job might bring noise and air safety education should will be protected and might destroy local should be newly set up of north Ancient opportunities for local pollution and cause be addressed for the inherited; folk culture traditional values. In controlled in the Tea Route station. communities and promote inconveniences for local construction workers. in Kang County will be addition, local tourist season. local communities to residents to travel. Construction should be known by more. residents may rip off Traditional culture participate in project Engineering vehicles will operated at day time so tourists for profit. and moral ethics implementation. frequently pass through as to reduce noise at education should the community and the night. Sprinkler should be conducted for be adopted to reduce local communities. scenic area during 2 Scenic area promotion: Local communities’ job dust during Scenic area capacity Local community To advocate the implementation of the construction and building gallery roads and opportunities around the will be increased, residents may be Price Control footpaths on the s bank of scenic spot will be project, increasing the construction and life which can increase confronted with Authorities and Meiyuan river; building 8 rope increased, enhancing noise and dust, etc.; rubbish should be piled the local employment potential impacts, such Tourism Bureaus bridges, rest pavilions, local residents’ income Traffic volume will also up in a designated and drive the as rising prices, to control price and sightseeing platforms and and public participation. increase, which might place. economic breaking of their the traffic volume renovating the surroundings, cause certain security development. peaceful lives, living in the scenic spots. Yinbazi firefighting access in environment pollution, risk. Xiaomomo hill, footpaths noises and crowding. between Xiaomomo hill and Besides, improper Liujia dam, Yingsu District, layout of infrastructure Yinbazi tourist center and may affect the ecological parking lots, etc.. landscape. 3 Community development: Promote the public to Some infrastructure A sound operational Enhance Lack of quality leaders The project Improvement of community understand and projects might bring plan should be worked self-management might result in activities worked infrastructure in Liujiaba participate in the noise, air pollution, out and a temporary awareness of local unsustainable out by the COs village, Zhuangke village, proposed project; inconveniences for local walk path for villagers residents and development of COs should be Youfangba village, Tuya gradually improvement of residents' travelling. should be set up. coordinate and commercialization supported by the 121 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II village, Zhenghe village and environment and image of relationships among of the community may government Yinbazi village. the communities different stakeholders. damange traditional development surrounding the scenic cultural values. planning.The spot. leaders of the COs should be organized for 2-3 times a year to communite with each other so as to stabilize the team. 4 Capacity building: Training of Promote the staff of the Some farmers will be Farmer's training Improving the Short of capacity A union for all COs the management staff and scenic spot to participate unwilling to attend the should be integrated integrated quality of building during in each sub-project employees in the scenic spot. in the project, which is training unless they are with community scenic area staff, operation period might area should be set good for sustainable offered gifts or subsidy. development project management level, as cause the up.The development of the and training activities well as the community management level of sustainability of project. should be conducted at integrated COs to be difficulty in COs' capacity slack farming seasons. management level. promotion. building should be kept through government's support. 122 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 7.5.2 Impact on Local Cultural and Natural Heritage Kang County possesses abundant unique folk culture, like traditional wedding ceremony, Kangbei Suona horn, Meiyuan Nuo dance, traditional papermaking, etc.. The World Bank project will support to build folk culture inheritance museum and sample exhibition pavilion for better inheritance of traditional folk culture. These projects will not only put local folk culture in better protection, but also publicize the local affluent folk culture, promoting the protection of natural and cultural heritage protection. 7.5.3 Impact on Social Service Capacity Annual tourists received in Yangba scenic area in 2014 were 386,000 with the daily maximum to be 12,000 in Chinese National Day, which is called golden week in China. There are 60 employees, 12 administrative staff and 720 community members participating the tourism activities, with current peddlers to be 36. After the project implementation, the increasing of the scenic area popularity and tourist number will in certain degree boost the development of local community service industry, sales industry and other industries, so as to increase the annual service capacity. 7.5.4 Impact on Urbanization Process After the implementation of the World Bank project, land of forests and tea gardens, etc. owned by the residents will be circulated in Yangba scenic area, so that more residents will get jobs in the scenic area and the number of people who will take migrant work will be decreasing, which in turn optimize the local population structure and diversify job opportunities. It is predicted that the county population will reach 67,500, urbanization ratio be 30%, and 12,400 agricultural population will be transferring to urbanization population. 7.6 Social Impact Analysis on Hezheng County Project 7.6.1 Impact on Main Stakeholders Table 7-6 shows the impact on each stakeholder in Hezheng County, after the implementation of World Bank project, phase II. 123 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Table 7-6. Impact of the subproject on main stakeholders in Songmingyan scenic spot in Hezheng County No. Sub-project components Impact during project construction Impact during project operation Positive impact Negative impact Mitigation measures Positive impact Negative impact Mitigation measures 1 Intangible culture heritage The number of Huaer The number of tourists To advocate the tourim The number of Huaer The number of Number of tourists protection: (1) conducting “Huaer” inheritance people will will be increasing during management bureaus inheritance people will tourists will be should be controlled in collection, documentation and be increasing; Huaer Huaer communication to control the number be increasing; Huaer increasing during the tourist season. cultural transmission; establishment cultural activities will fair, which might put of tourists and cultural activities will be Huaer Traditional culture and of “Huaer” inheritance and teaching be ascending; local negative impact on local advocate eco-tourism ascending; local Huaer communication fair, moral ethics education institutions; (2) Hezheng Yangko Huaer and Hezheng eco-environment through environmental and Hezheng Yangko which might put should be conducted heritage protection: conducting an Yangko culture will be education. culture will be protected. negative impact on for local communities. investigation and research of protected. Tourism value will be local Hezheng Yangko, documentation of increased, driving local eco-environment Yangko materials and data consumption. Increase of tourists archiving, buy costumes of Yangko might destroy local performances. traditional values. In 2 Natural heritage protection Improve the scale and The museum may not be The construction Protection of fossil addition, local Traditional moral (improvement of facilities in the the influence of the will not be able to open should be conducted collections will be residents may rip off education should be Ancient Animal Fossils Museum): ancient fossil during the repair period, in consecutive phases upgrading; service tourists for profit. delivered to local work out planning of exhibition and museum, make its leading to loss of and the construction quality of museum will communities. To display of Hezheng Ancient Animal more visibility. tourists. And transfer of area should be be improved; Jobs advocate the Price Fossils Museum. ancient fossils may isolated from tourism opportunity will be Control Authorities and damage to thme. area. enhanced. Tourism Bureaus to control price and the traffic volume in the scenic spots. 3 Upgrading of the Scenic spot (Song Job opportunities in Engineering vehicles will Sprinkler will be used Improvement and Local community Number of tourists Ming Yan scenic spot protection the communities frequently pass through to reduce dust. Night upgrading of the residents may be should be controlled in and development) : improving the around the scenic the community and the operation should be infrastructure facilities in confronted with the tourist season. main sroad, walkways, and rest spot will be increased; scenic area during prohibited. the scenic spot; tourist potential impacts, To advocate the Price 124 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II chairs in the scenic spot, and The publicity of the implementation of the Environmental experience will be such as rising prices, Control Authorities and improving wastewater treatment scenic spot will be project, increasing the education should be ascending and natural breaking of their Tourism Bureaus to system and power system, add 20 raised and the noise and dust, etc.; addressed for the environment will be peaceful lives, living control price and the panoramic signs, 50 explanatory garbage disposal Traffic volume will also construction workers. protected. environment traffic volume in the signs, 50 guidance signs, 120 capacity will be increase, which might pollution, noises and scenic spots. advice and warning signs, and ascended. cause certain security crowding. Besides, purchase 50 bionic dustbins. risk. improper layout of infrastructure may affect the landscape. 4 Community development: It is To promote Construction will make A temporary walk path The local public Lack of quality The project activities planned to harden 28.57 km of rural community people travelling and life should be set up for participation degree will leaders might result worked out by the COs road allocated in the 6 understanding of the inconvenient in the short local villagers. be upgraded; Local in unsustainable should be supported administrative villages, to pave project construction term, and at the same public will benefit from development of COs by the government sewage pipelines with a length of content and time traffic volume the project, and the level and development 18.632km, to set up a sewage objectives, improve increase will lead to of residents' life and commercialization of planning.The leaders treatment plant, and to install 240 local residents' potential traffic risk. happiness will be the community may of the COs should be solar energy lights for farmers’ happiness. enhanced. damange traditional organized for 2-3 times courtyards. cultural values. a year to communite with each other so as to stabilize the team. 5 Capacity building: it is planned to Improving the Some farmers will be Farmer's training Improving the integrated Short of capacity A union for all COs in conduct community residents integrated quality of unwilling to attend the should be integrated quality of scenic area building during each sub-project area training with 20 people times, scenic area staff, training unless they are with community staff, management level, operation period should be set up.The management personnel training management level, as offered gifts or subsidy. development project as well as the might cause the sustainability of COs' with 41 people times, and well as the community and training activities community integrated management level of capacity building personnel training with 120 person integrated should be conducted management level. COs to be difficulty should be kept through times in the scenic spot. management level. at slack farming in promotion. government's support. seasons. 125 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 7.6.2 Impact on Local Cultural and Natural Heritage The project’s impact on local religion culture shows mainly in increasing number of Buddhism participants and Buddhists from nearby towns coming in out of admiration. Meanwhile, local residents also hope to draw more Buddhist tourists through project implementation. Hua’er is a traditional multi-nation participated cultural project in Hezheng county. The proposed “Hua’er Cultural Learni ng and Passing Base” will promote the inheritance and protection of Hua’er, as well as the inclusion and mutual understanding between different nationalities, which will accelerate local cultural tourism development and draw more attention to Hua’er cultur e in Songmingyan. Supported by the World Bank project, the fossil reservation, repair, exhibition in ancient animal fossil museum will be carried out in order. The museum influence will be improved and it will witness increasing number of researches, interchange activities, exhibitions on ancient animal fossil, which will enhance the protection and attention to natural heritage from all sectors of society. 7.6.3 Impact on Social Service Capacity Annual tourists received in Songmingyan scenic area will reach 78,000 with the daily maximum to be 25,000 in Chinese National Day, which is called golden week in China. There are 34 employees, 300 community members participating in the tourism activities, and over 40 business ventures, like rural inns. After the project implementation, annual tourists received are predicted to be 300,000, and there will be 100 more rural inns and 40 more peddlers. Meanwhile, the implementation of Hua’er cultural learning and passing base will further expand local cultural tourism service capacity. Annual tourists received in ancient animal fossil museum are 168,000 with the daily maximum to be 11,000 in Chinese National Day, which is called golden week in China. There are about 100 employees in the museum, and 200 more positions under planning. Besides, there might be more working opportunities relating to the perfection and repair of the museum and storeroom. 7.6.4 Impact on Urbanization The implementation of the project will optimize the community population structure, infrastructure level and public living standard around Songmingyan scenic area, which will in turn boost the local urbanization process. The implementation of ancient animal fossil museum will stimulate the modernization of the museum, providing higher-quality services. Increasing number of tourists will boost the tertiary industry development, so as to lift the urbanization level of Hezheng County. Chapter 8 Community Participation Strategy in Heritage Protection and Development Heritage protection in China has been a state action impelled by administration power since it was carried out. The government undertakes almost all the functions from organizing heritage investigation, determining heritage directory to taking charge of heritage protection and inheritance. In recent years, it has become a striving direction for heritage protection in China to take civil organizations as main protection bodies, cooperating with the government to approach to the highly socialized protection method as in western countries. Under this development trend, the government and community will share the cultural heritage resources, which will boost the socialization of the protection. Non-profitable civil organizations should be cultivated to take an active part in the heritage protection through empowerment to social organizations. 126 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 8.1 Functions of Community Participation It is an international consensus that cultural heritage protection and development should attach importance to grassroots communities. Grassroots communities are the soil and breeding bed of the generation, inheritance and development of folk culture heritage. Nature and culture in different places not only coordinate with the local ecological environment, but also implicated deeply with the historical memories and public wisdom and feelings of the community. Community involvement will play professional consulting roles in the decision making process of culture heritage protection. Besides, under the unique local self-identity cultural background, related grassroots protection organizations will motivate cultural consciousness in local residents, internalizing the protection and development of natural and cultural heritage in every aspect of their lives, so as to keep the inheritance mechanism well preserved in a spontaneous way. Meanwhile, under new conditions, this may bring in new opportunity for cultural heritage and injecting new vigor for cultural and natural heritages. 8.2 Participation Principles and Framework Participation is defined in the manual of the World Bank as “a process in which stakeholders can influence and joint control development involvement, development decision-making and relevant resources related to them”. Based on this definition, the SA team has formulated the community-participation assistance and framework of this project (see table 8-1). 8.3 Community Organization Capacity Building Community organizations (Cos) capacity building strengthening is essential for full play of social organizations, which includes team building, institutional improvement, management capacity building, advocacy capacity building and financial capacity building. (1) Team Building An excellent and vibrant team can improve working quality and stimulate team members to accomplish their work with passion. At the beginning of community organizations, the local government will select distinct members to join the social organization management, and provide them with all kinds of training to strengthen the team building. Table 8-1 Principle Framework of Community Participated Projects Main stakeholders’ functions (community organization, village Government No. Steps Specialists’ functions Effects committee, PIUs, local functions tourism service providers) Problem analysis Analyzing problems on Helping main Administration, Spotting the and family, society and stakeholders analyze 1 politician and problems subject resources, etc. to find the the problem, guiding finance support accurately determinin cause them to find the cause g Project Putting forward Studying Proposing technical Connecting the 2 content self-demands, comparing whether the feasible suggestions to project content and the cause of the problem scheme the government based and the actual 127 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Main stakeholders’ functions (community organization, village Government No. Steps Specialists’ functions Effects committee, PIUs, local functions tourism service providers) framework and self-demands to proposed by on analysis on the demands of determine the framework main problem interest of problem solving stakeholders is stakeholder supported by groups the government Plan activities can accord with Determining project Checking the production activity plans and people relationship seasons, Drawing up plans with in charge, etc., based on between plans workforce Project main interest 3 social economic traits of main interest allocation and plan stakeholders and such as family workforce, stakeholders financial guarding plan risks labor gender divisions and government conditions of main and seasons, etc.. allocations interest stakeholder groups Establishing organizational system, Project Providing Beneficiaries electing principals for 4 implement implementation Technical support being each activity and ation conditions self-responsible executing project activities Analyzing the Project executors monitor Beneficiaries get Monitoring Getting involved assessment results and their own activities and to know their 5 and in the reporting to the assess the process activity process assessing assessment government and main regularly timely stakeholder group Participating in the assessment Final Assessing the final effect process, Participating in the Beneficiaries project 6 of self-input and external checking the assessment of assess their own assessme support governmental technical input benefit benefits nt investment benefit Role function Executor Assurer Supporter Role unification (2) System Construction System construction includes financial management system, human resource management system and organizational constitutions, etc.. Financial management system should embody “responsibilities to person”, “open and fair”; human resource management system should embody “being fair in rewards and punishment”, “resisting corruption”; the constitution should wholly cover the description of organization development, as well as content, target and system in process. (3) Management Competence Building Management competence refers to the generic terms of system organization management skills and leading skills, etc., which is basically to improve the organization efficiency competence. Five management skills are needed for managers to accurate grasp of organization efficiency, which are: decision-making competence, strain competence, pressure resistance competence, inspiration competence and leading competence. (4) Advocacy Capacity Building 128 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Advocacy is to enable the power and resources to be used by our target groups through decision makers, decision-making power and the influence on policies. (5) Financial Capacity Building Social organization development needs financial support from the government in the beginning. Afterwards, profit organizations should pay membership dues, be managed by appointed staff and accept supervision according to organization regulations, providing fund and forces for the industry using established fund and powerful finance for natural and cultural protection. As for non-profit social organizations, scenic area management department should provide support in proper proportion of their income so as to excavate more tangible cultural heritage in the scenic area. 8.4 Community Participation Mechanism The key to community participation mechanism is to improve public participation rights, which runs through the early design, implementation, and future operation. First, guarantee the public right to know: the government and project community organizations, are obliged to disclose and initiate the information of public heritage resources protection, and the public have rights to accept and ask for related information. Consulting windows on the project are set to provide free consults on problems related closely to interests of project benificiaries and systemize the problems to report to the project design organizations and government departments. The second one is participation rights. Public participation rights in cultural heritage management is guaranteed by related mechanism, therefore, the government should provide channels and opportunities for the public to express their opinions when it is about to take specific actions in public cultural heritage protection. The third is complaint and petition right. Complaint and petition mechanism should endow the public with complaint rights on public cultural heritage protection, besides concerning the negative impact faced by local public. The public are on one hand the beneficiaries in cultural heritage protection, and are supervisors in term of government and project design and implementation departments. Community participation mechanism should be “transparent, open, fair and people oriented” to protect cultural resources up to the hilt in the benign interactions between community and the country. Heritage protection must guarantee the local culture holders the protection rights, access rights, ownership and usufruct if it intends to return to the society. Community organizations make declarations as an agency in the conversation on heritage protection with the country. “Cultural and Natural Protection and Development Group” organizes all sorts of consultations and conferences to collect focus issues, systemize and report, publicize various information to the public, supervise the commissions made by the government and project units, and take the responsibility of heritage protection and publicity. The organization takes the responsibility of the government-civilian communication, which will lift effectively the government prestige among the public, improv working efficiency and quality, and play a positive role in society stability. The organization is of basic level and public welfare, whose advantages in heritage protection lies in carrying out the work in more extensive level, avoiding utilitarianism in heritage development and improving cultural subjec ts’ self-awareness and protection passion. The roles played by community leaders and other forces in the project implementation should arouse attention. Participation of community leaders are needed in aspect of publicity, training, mobilization, reporting poverty population, women and minority ethnic needs, spotting implementation problems, negotiating conflicts and follow-up management. It should be considered to provide certain subsidy to main leaders involving in the project implementation process. Carrying out village participation in infrastructure management and stimulating community organization forces can be a way to keep the sustainability of project results. After the launch of the project, it is necessary to invite independent monitoring and evaluation group to formulate specific community participation mechanism and project management regulations, based on the consultation between project owners and community residents. 8.5 Community Organization Incubation and Development 129 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Incubation of COs will lay a foundation and platform for community participation. The SIA team recommends that the provincial PMO should invite an experienced rural community development organization or senior experts to incubate 31 COs in the 30 communities of the 6 scenic spot area in a way of mentoring, of which 12 COs will be given priority in incubation and be registered in the government. The annual incubation plan for COs can be seen in Table 8-2. The incubation list of the COs can be seen in Table 9-2. And the incubation fee for the COs can be seen in Table 9-3. It is necessary to point out that the COs mentioned above are village level ones which are different from the Chinese village committees. The village committees are the grassroots administration unit. The party secretary of the village committees are generally appointed by the government. The director of the village committees are either elected or appointed. The party secretary leads the director. And the party secretary, the director and the secretary are key management members of a villag. However, the COs incubated in the project area will be funded by the project, and the management staff will be independently elected by farmers themselves. Hence, there is foundamentatl difference between the village committees and COs. The COs are platform for project beneficiary residents. Table 8-2 Annual development plan of COs Project area 2017 Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative In 2018 In 2019 In 2020 In 2021 In 2022 Kongtong 2 3 4 5 6 6 Jingchuan 1 3 3 5 6 6 Zhuanglang 1 1 1 1 2 2 Kangxian 1 1 2 3 Dangchang 1 2 4 8 9 9 Hezheng 0 1 2 3 4 4 Total 6 11 16 25 31 31 8.6 Inclusiveness of COs As described above, the COs are the villagers own organizations, their members will be elected by the villagers, the management system shall be formulated by the representatives of villagers, which represents the will of the villagers rather than controlled by dictators or a few people. Therefore, the 130 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II COs are a good platform for disadvantaged groups to participate in the project, thus can reflect inclusiveness. 8.7 Grievance and Appeal Mechanism To better maintain the interests of the communities and residents, the project will establish a convenient, effective public complaint mechanisms. The victim of the developmental project can lodge his/her complaint at any time. The principles of the mechanism are as follows. The mechanism is suitable for all people including ethnic minority groups in the project area. The specific appeal and complaint can be referenced in the EMDPs. The principle of the grievance and appeal are as follows: (1) The mechanism should guarantee the establishment and operation of the framework of the community’s participation and consultation, the benefit for the community from the project, the avoidance or mitigation of the negative influence and minimization of the problem and social risk. (2) Based on the World Bank’s opinions on the project and Chinese governmental demands for the complaint reporting system, along with the relative successful experience in the home and abroad, the project should make a good use of the current complaint reporting system, establish, better and operate the mechanism of the opinions and demands about the project in the Project Office and some relevant government departments. (3) The leaders in the committees of subproject villages should improve and perfect their consciousness on the residents and their awareness and methods of the services for the mass in a democratic way. Besides, the local leaders should open to the public opinions, solve the problems and disputes fairly and reasonably, or report the issues to the higher authority and ask for the earliest responses. (4) Each administrative village should establish their own community organizations. Under the guidance of the community organization and the village committees, the specialized agency mainly composed of members of these two groups in charge should be founded to report and deal with the public opinions and demands of the project. The Mechanism of Grievance and Appeal Consists of: I. The Institution of Complaints recording The primary institution of complaint acceptance should be the community organizations and the village committees that principally cope with the residents’ problems durin g project implementation. When encountering the problem beyond their capability, the village committees and community organizations should hand it over to the township government and the Tourism Bureau. Then the township government and the Tourism Bureau report the residential problems in the process of the project to the county government. II. The Complaints handling Procedure The first stage. When generating some comments or dissatisfaction of the project, the villagers and households in the subproject area can appeal to the community organizations and village committees in oral or print. After getting oral appeal, the organization should cope with the complaints and make the written record. In general, the reasonable response should be dealt within 2 weeks. The second stage. 131 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Discontent with the decisions or solutions of the community organizations and the village committees, the complainant could appeal to the Project Office in county. The Project Office in county should deal with the complaints in 2 weeks. The third stage. If plaintiff is still discontent with the decisions of the Project Office at county level, the complaint is allowed to appeal to the Project Office in city or prefecture. The fourth stage. If plaintiff is still discontent with the decisions of the Project Office at city/prefecture level, the complaint is allowed to appeal to the Project Office at provincial level. The fifth stage. If plaintiff is still discontent with the decisions of the Project Office in Gansu Province, the complaints could appeal to the civil court. The sixth stage. Appeal to the civil court according to the civil procedural laws if plaintiff is discontent with the decisions of the provincial PMO. The complaints procedure illustrated above will be informed the villagers in the subproject area by meetings and other ways, making them understand their own right of complaints. At the same time, the media would be recruited to publicize it on news report. Besides, different opinions and suggestions on the project should be organized in information items which should be timely studied and responded by governments at all levels. The agencies of complaints acceptance are not allowed to charge. 132 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Fig 4-1 shows the grievance and appeal procedure. III. Complaints Feedback Mechanism The mechanism of complaints feedback is the internal monitoring mechanism founded in the process of complaint by the project. The significance of establishment of such mechanism is as follows: (1) The complaints would get the feedback as early as possible, implying the project executor’ attention to the affected families. As a result, the residents deserved rights and interest can be well protected and their activeness in participation can be preserved. 133 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (2) Presenting the problems and deficiencies in the developmental plan, the timely feedback would reach to the owner of the project and operators who would attach great importance to the problems and deficiencies and make improvements. The effective mechanism of complaints feedback consists of the standardized system of recording, tracking and regular reporting. (1) The standardized system of recording. A standardized record is the precondition of the collection, classification and organization of the information. The complaint record primarily includes the basic information of the complainer, his/her complaints, the responder and situation checking. (2) The system of tracking. Chances are that a complaint covers many a situation, which cannot be fully solved by the members of the community organization. Therefore, the complaint should be assigned to the relevant professionals to reply. The assignment results in the tracking which is an assurance of the reply reaching to the complaint before the official deadline. (3) The system of regular report. The report is the final step in the procedure of feedback. In fact, the tracking mentioned above has basically realized the feedback to the owner and operators of the project. But the basic feedback just covers every single complaint without a whole picture. As a result, it is significant to analyze, summary and report the whole situation of all the complaints during a certain period of time. The report is supposed to cover the current situation of the unfinished processing of complaints in the last period of time, the major problems uncovered by the complaints in the current period, the recommended solutions and rectification measures, etc. These aspects can be formulated as a single report or contained in the regular internal monitoring report. 134 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Chapter 9 Conclusions, Recommendations and Action Plan 9.1 Conclusion Once implemented, “World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II” will produce better socioeconomic efficiency. The relevant stakeholders will well coadaptate each other, and the social influence of the project is remarkable. With low and controllable social risks, the project will bring obvious significance to the cultural and natural heritage protection and development in the six sub-project areas in Gansu. 9.1.1 The Social Benefits of the Project The proposed project will produce major social benefits as intended for conservation of the cultural and natural heritage, enhance tourism services and improve community services. The six project counties/districts are the poverty counties in Gansu. (1) The east and southeast region of Gansu province and surrounding area are rich in cultural and natural resources, but backward in economic and social development. It lacks funds, ideas, technology and international cooperation in conservation and development. The implementation of the project will play an important role in the protection and development of cultural and natural heritage as well as in intangible cultural heritage. (2) The implementation of the project will benefit to improving the infrastructue inside and outside of scenic spots, to improving the scenic tourist facilities and to increasing jobs during and after the project construction. (3) The implementation of the project will be good for improving the management capacity of the scenic spots, for improving protection of the cultural relics and for improving the overall quality of tourism employees. Besides, it will also enhance the local residents’ protection awareness on cul tural and natural heritage. (4) The project covers rural poverty population. Therefore, the project pays close attention to minority, women, elderly and children in the project area, and to improving their living environment and creating participation channels for them. Positive Social Impacts of the Project Through the project the six counties/districts will be benefited from:  Improved opportunity for employment and increase of income, poverty reduction, thus reducing the pressure to the natural resources: as a result of the project development, the tourism resource in the project area will be developed in a sustainable level, which will boost the economic development resulting in growth of employment and income. The traditional use of local natural resource, such as grazing, will disappear or be reduced due to the provision of employment opportunity by the project;  Improved sanitation conditions for the communities: the project will construct the sanitation facilities in the project area, which will improve the sanitation conditions and reduce the morbidity rate of the locality;  Stimulated tourism sector and improved public awareness for environmental protection. 9.1.2 The Potential Social risks and negative impacts of the Project 135 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II The project may face risks from existing low community participation, damage of local heritage due to people’s inappropriate behavior, heavy poverty with many poor people, especially ethnic minority people and women who needs special support. Negative impacts of the project may come from the following:  short-term loss of access roads in project communities or scenic areas, noise and dust arise from project cvil work construction  Loss of tourism income during the conservation of the PCRs: such loss of income is expected to be temporary and can be compensated for by greatly increase income when the tourist flow increase after the project is completed.  Negative impacts may be induced with the development of the scenic spots attracting more and more tourists, the influx of the external culture and tourism consumers may increase the price of local goods, and affect business moral standards. The issues of value system, cultural shocks and moral degradation may arise.  The change to identified location of civil works during project implementation potentially may cause additional land demanding for involuntary resettlement.  Influx of migrant workers during the project construction period and increasing influx of tourists may have some impact on local social security, cultural shocks to ethnic minorities, and even epidemic disease expansion. 9.2 Suggestions and Mitigation Plans 9.2.1 Establishment of PMOs and Strengthening the Pertinence Management (1) Establishment of Provincial PMO It is proposed to establish a provincial level project management institution, i.e. the Foreign Loan Program Executive Office of the Gansu Province Development and Reform Commission, which will be responsible for organization, coordination, guidance and supervision work relative to the project. Specifically speaking, the office will undertake tasks as follows:  business guidance, staff training, project supervision for project management organizations at the city (prefecture) and county levels in the implementation of the project in the early stage;  timely coordination with the state ministries and the Bank in preparing annual procurement plan, project progress reports, all kinds of monitoring reports, etc. This project involves three cities/prefectures (Pingliang city, Longnan city, and Linxin Hui Autonomous Prefecture).The development and reform bureaus in the cities or prefectures are designated to set up the project coordination offices responsible for liaison with upper administration agencies and for business guidance for their lower organizations. This project includes 6 counties including Kongtong district, Zhuanglang county, Jingchuan county, Tanchang County, Kang county, and Hezheng county. The six counties have established project management offices under the guidance of the Foreign Loans Program Executive Office of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, and are responsible for the implementation of the project work. Their major tasks are to work out annual procurement plan, to invite bidding and shopping, to work out all types of monitoring reports, to organize community training, to submit engineering progress reports in time, and to be responsible for project construction and contract management. Fig 9-1 shows the flow chart of the organization. (2) Set up implementation organizations The project owners will be responsible for designing for and construction of engineering, wrapping-up project reports, dealing with cash reimbursement application and financial management, and maintenance of facilities etc. after the project is completed or handling over to the operation units. The management organizations are clarified as follows: 136 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Provincial level: the Foreign Loan Program Executive Office of the Gansu Province Development and Reform Commission. Pingliang city: Kongtong District PMO, Jingchuan County PMO, Zhuanglang County PMO; Longnan city: Tanchang County PMO, Kangxian County PMO; Linxia Prefecture: Hezheng County PMO. (3) Supervision organization A. The relevant departments exercising supervision in accordance with the relevant national and local procedures and regulations; B. Internal surveillance team, formed by the social news media, village committees and COs in the project area. C. Independent monitoring and evaluation organizations. 137 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Fig 9-1 Organizational Flowchart 138 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 9.2.2 Implementation Plans It is planned that the secondary phase project’s overall construction period will last 6 years from 2016 to 2022. The draft plan is as follows: In October 2015, the first draft of the Feasibility Study Report, SIA Report and EA report; In November 2015, the preparation mission of the Bank; In December 2015, completion of the Feasibility Study Report, SIA Report and EA report; In February 2016, preliminary assessment organized by the Bank; In March 2016, formal assessment organized by the Bank. In March 2016, approval of Feasibility Study Report, SIA Report and EA report; In April 2016, completion of funds report application and approval work; In May 2016, consultation with the bank and contract signature. In January 2017, the project will officially start. The progress of the sub-projects can be seen in Table 9-1. Table 9-1 The progress of the sub-projects Planned Project Project time span launching completion No. Subproject time time (year) Kongtong Mountain Heritage 1 6 2017 2022 Conservation Components Baili Grottoes Heritage Conservation 6 2 2017 2022 Components in Jingchuan Yunya Temple Heritage Conservation 6 3 2017 2022 Components in Zhuanglang county Guan’e gou Heritage Conservation 6 4 2017 2022 Components in Tanchang County Yangba Heritage Conservation 6 5 2017 2022 Components in Kangxian county. 6 Hezheng county Heritage 6 2017 2022 139 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Conservation Components. 9.2.3 Mitigation measures to tackle potential risks and impacts (1) Lower degree of community participation. The community organization is the important carrier in achieving community participation. Needs assessment also demonstrates amply that the poor farmers in the project area are lack of organizations of self-management and self-development with no channels for reflection their opinions or complains or appeals, thus they cannot participate in the construction of scenic spots and share the scenic areas prosperity, which means the scenic area and the community remains fragmented. Therefore, establishing community organizations can create a platform for community participation. (2)Damage of local heritage. This project developed the implementation plan for natural and cultural heritage protection and repair in the scenic spots, which will improve the scenic area management model together with a demonstrated research project by exploring the community co-management mechanism. It is intended to make the coordinated development of scenic spots and communities and share the protection of the cultural and natural heritage. (3)Risk of a large proportion of poverty population. The local government in the scenic spots will take targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty by providing the poverty population with poverty fund. It is planned that all poverty popoulation will be lift themselves out of poverty by 2020. (4) Risk of lagging development in minority communities. In order to mitigate any adverse effects on ethnic groups, mitigation measures are proposed to improve the living standards of minority groups, to reduce poverty, to protect minority culture and the traditional customs, to assist vulnerable groups, and to work out plans to alleviate the negative impact of the project. For this purpose, the SA team laid out "Tanchang Tibetan ethnic minority development plan report" and Hezheng Dongxiang ethnic minority development plan report based on field needs assessment. (5) Dust, noise and waste. During the period of construction, dust could be reduced by sprinkling water on construction area; the pollution of noise could also be reduced through arrangement of construction at day time as much as possible.Construction workers should be well educated and advocated by collecting the construction waste and life garbage at the specified rubbish recycle bins. (6) Social security and infectious diseases. Safety education and health education will be conducted for the construction workers in order for them to prevent possible conflicts with local communities and to reduce the spread of diseases. (7)Moral degradation. Through capacity building, local communities will be trained to stick to inheriting the traditional culture and morality, and combining moral culture inheritance with communitydevelopment. (8)Gender inequality. Cadres and the general public will be trained during the project implementation in the area of the social gender and gender sensitivity, and the project owners will also create employment opportunities for women and provide specific capacity building for women. (9)Potential land acquisition. So far the project had nothing to do with land acquisition and displaced persons. In case there is any changes to project civil work location or scale, it may cause additional land acquisition, a RPF was prepared and will be used as a guideline for the land acquisition. 9.2.4 Implementation of community development projects 140 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (1) Incubation of Community Organizations The SIA team recommends that the provincial PMO should invite an experienced rural community development organization or senior experts to incubate 31 COs in the 30 communities of the 6 scenic spot area in a way of mentoring, of which 12 COs will be given priority in incubation and be registered in the government. It is planned that COs will be incubated in 2017-2022. 3 COs will be incubated in 2018, 6 in 2019, 8 in 2020, 10 in 2021, and totally 12 will be incubated by 2022. The name list of the COs can be seen in Table 9.2. Table 9.2. Proposed Community Organizations for 6 scenic spots in Gansu Province Project Area Project Village Name of community organizations proposed to be set up Pingliang city: Qihe Qihe Village Farmers' professional co-operatives of tourism (agricultural and sideline products) Kongtong Mountain Zhonghe Zhonghe Village Farmers' professional co-operatives of tourism (Chinese Scenic spot medicine herbs) Gaoling Gaoling Village Farmers' professional co-operatives of tourism (agricultural and sideline products) Jiazui Jiazui village Farmers' professional co-operatives of tourism ( livestock development) Xigou Xigou village tourism association (farmers' home-stay and catering services) Kongtong Martial Arts Association Baili Grottoes Luohandong Luohandong village Committee for community co-management; in Jingchuan Luohandong village association for tourism (including farmers' county home-homestay) Wanyan Wanyan Cultural & Tourism Association (including a Performance Mission, development of cultural arts and crafts Yanfeng Yanfeng Village Association for Tourism (including development of cultural arts and crafts with grottoes characteristics, Farmers' Home-stay, etc.) Gongchi Gongchi Village Farmers’ Professiional Co-operatives for Tourism Tianchi Tianchi village Farmers’ Professiional Co-operatives for Tourism 141 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Yunya temple Shiqiao Shiqiao village tourism service association (including development of Chinese in Zhuanglang medicine herbs, a performance team and local specialty products) county Guoman Guoman village tourism service association (including development of Chinese medicine herbs, a performance team and local specialty products) Longnan City: Yinbazi Yinbazi Association for Tourism Service (including Farmers' Honme-stay,Chinese Medicine Herbs development and Special Arts and Crafts Yangba in Design and Development) Kangxian county Laojiangba Yangba Culture & Art Performing Troupe Kezhuang Kezhuang Village Association for Tourism Service (including development of Chinese Medicine Herbs, local specialty products) p Liujiaba Farmers' Tea Garden Tourism Service Associaiton Guan'e gou in Luren Luren Village Tourism Association (including bee keeping, embroidery and Tanchang farmers' home-stay) County Luren Village Qiang Tibetan Folk Cultural Performance Troupe Guan'e Guan'e Village Association for Tourism (including Farmers' Home-stay, and root carving art) Washeping Washeping Village Association for Tourism (including Farmers' Home-stay, local specialty products and dancing performance) Lijie Lijie Village Association for Tourism (including Farmers' Home-stay, local specialty products and dancing performance) Xinping Xinping village Association for Tourism (including Farmers' Home-stay, local specialty products and Qiang Tibetan Folk cultural performance troupe) Daheba Daheba village Association for Tourism (including Farmers' Home-stay, local specialty products and dancing performance) Xinchengzi Xinchengzi village Association for Tourism (including Farmers' Home-stay, local specialty products and dancing performance) Yuezangfu Yuezangfu village Association for Tourism (including Farmers' Home-stay, local specialty products and dancing performance) Linxia Hui Diaotan Diaotan village Association for Tourism Service Autonomous Zhongxin Zhongxin village Tourism Service Association Prefecture: Songmingyan Dashanzhuang Dashanzhuang and Cheba Association for Tourism and Community & Cheba Development 142 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Ketuo Ketuo Village Hua’er Performance Troupe In order to promote incubation and development of COs, it is proposed to invite community organization experts to conduct intensive training for the 31 COs in a way of mentoring. To guarantee the project activity will be implemented, a budget for CO incubation and development was allocated as shown in Table 9-3. Table 9.3 CO incubation and development fee Total City (Prefecture) Project Area Budget (RMB’1000) Linxia Hui Autonomous Songmingyan RMB60,000/CO*5 COs=RMB300,000. 300 Prefecture Kongtong RMB60,000/CO*5 COs=RMB300,000. 300 Mountain Pingliang City Baili Grottoes RMB60,000/CO*5 COs=RMB300,000. 300 Yunya Temple RMB90,000/CO*2 COs=RMB180,000. 180 Yangba RMB60,000/CO*4 COs=RMB240,000. 240 Longnan City Guan’e Ditch RMB60,000/CO*8 COs=RMB480,000. 480 Total (Yuan1000) 1800 (2) Implementation of Community Capacity Building The premises of fostering community organizations are to grasp the theory and mechanism of community participation for local public and to master the methods of operating community organizations, which requires the local public receiving series community participation training, namely capacity building training. Capacity building includs five aspects: team building, institution building, management capacity building, advocacy capacity building, financial capacitybuilding. The series system training should be conducted by those organizations who are familiar and with the experience of building, management and operation community organizations. The SA team designed the specific capacity building components for each sub-project area according to the community needs assessment. Capacity building project will benefit 6,960 farm households with 32,029 people. In addition, capacity building will directly benefit 7,246 farmers and indirectly benefit 111,100 farmers during project implementation (table 9.2) Table 9.4 An estimation of the number of beneficiary people through Capacity building in the project area Project Area Households Number of Capacity Building Capacity Building 143 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II people directly beneficiary indirectly beneficiary Kongtong District 614 2378 1064 11140 Jingchuan County 2010 8881 1044 29100 Zhuanglang County 408 1879 1244 9080 Kang County 226 838 1304 5260 Tanchang County 1424 6554 1305 18740 Hezheng County 2278 11499 1305 37780 Total 6,960 32,019 7246 111,100 (3) Implementation of Community Development Projects Combining with the status quo of each community and withine the project connotation and allowable scope of funding, it is recommended to carry out the development projects with community characteristics, put theories into practice, effectively improve the survival and development environment of each community and provide assistance to the poblic of each community especially those vulnerable groups, implement the World Bank’s Twin Goals of “Reducing Absolute Poverty and Sharing Economic Prosperity” form the national level to the community level, from planning to every detail of implementation, with finally achieving the ultimate goal. The budget for community development project components in the 6 scenic spots can be seen in Table 9.3. Detailed budget can be seen in appendix 5. Table 9.5 CO Development Project Budget in the 6 scenic spots Project Area CO Development Project Budget(Yuan) Kongtong District 1,700,000 Pingliang City Jingchuan County 1,700,000 Zhuanglang County 540,000 Kang County 1,160,000 Longnan City Tanchang County 2,639,600 Linxia Hui Autonomous 1,810,000 Hezheng County Prefecture Total 9,549,600 Remarks: (1)The CO development project budget totals RMB9,549,600, equivalent to about USD1,469,169. (2)The CO development project budget excludes the budget for monitoring & evaluation fee of ethnic minority development plans (RMB300,000),CO development expert consulting fee(RMB1,800,000) and whole project monitoring and evaluation fee (RMB1,800,000) as well as community development research fee (RMB800,000). The community development project components designed by the SA team for the World Bank project mainly comprise capacity building, community organizations fostering, cultural heritage and 144 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II infrastructure. Poverty alleviation project will be financed by domestic matching funds. According to China's poverty reduction strategy plan, China will explicitly solve the problem of residual poverty population out of poverty by 2020, the Poverty Relief Office of the State Council will increase investment in poverty alleviation funds through a variety of measures to achieve targets for poverty alleviation, especially the policy that taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty. The poverty population living in the six sub-project areas financed by the World Bank also belong to the goal of overall poverty alleviation in Gansu province. Therefore, in order to avoid repeated use of investment funds, the project's community development fund will give priority to the four aspects including capacity building, community organizations fostering, cultural heritage, and infrastructure. (4)Formulation and implementation of EMDPs The beneficiary population in Tanchang County and Hezheng county include ethnic minorities who are Tibetan in Guan’e Gou in Tanchang County and Hui and Dongxiang peoples living in Songmingyan scenic spot area of Hezheng county. Preparation of ethnic minority development plans is for the purpose of promoting minorities to participate in the preparation and implementation of the project process, ensure that minorities can benefit from the project, at the same time maximize the improvement of poverty in the ethnic minority population, and minimize the negative impact of the project. EMDPs will clarify the ethnic groups in the population, social and cultural characteristics, the project needs and the influence of project on ethnic groups so as to ensure that the minority groups will fairly benefit from the project. Moreover, to mitigate any adverse effects on ethnic groups, mitigation measures are proposed to improve the living standards of minority groups, to reduce poverty, to protect minority culture and the traditional customs, to assist vulnerable groups, and to work out plans to alleviate the negative impact of the project. For this purpose, the SA team laid out "TanchangTibetan ethnic minority development plan report" and Hezheng Dongxiang ethnic minority development plan report. (5) Conducting Community Co-management Study Faced to the potential risks, challenges on protection and development in six scenic spots, a special research theme is proposed to design for providing policy recommendations and theoretical support for sustainable protection and development of the scenic spots. The proposed research is A Study on Community Co-Management and Demonstration in Luohandong Scenic Sport and the research grant is RMB800,000.The study should be undertaken by the agencies that have long been engaged in rural community development projects (including NGOs). （6） Conducting Monitoring & Evaluation It is proposed that the provincial PMO should invite an independent community development organization or experts to conduct participatory monitoring and evaluation on ongoing community development project so as to identify potential problems or risks during project implementation, especially focusing on whether implementation of the project make the poverty groups, women, children and ethnic minority groups be benefited. The poverty population, women, children and ethnic minority groups in each sub-project area are vulnerable groups who should be given priority in project components designing, implementation, capacity building and monitoring. Monitoring and evaluation for the community development project should be undertaken by an independent community development organization. The monitoring and evaluation budget is shown in Table 9.6. Table 9.6 Project Monitoring and Evaluation budget City Project Area Budget Total 145 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II /Prefecture (RMB'1000) Linxia Hui Autonomous Songmingyan RMB60,000/times.year*5years=RMB300,000. 300 Prefecture Kongtong Mountain RMB60,000/times.year*5years=RMB300,000. 300 Pingliang City Baili Grottoes RMB60,000/times.year*5years=RMB300,000. 300 Yunya Temple RMB60,000/times.year*5years=RMB300,000. 300 Yangba RMB60,000/times.year*5years=RMB300,000. 300 Longnan City Guan’e Ditch RMB60,000/times.year*5years=RMB300,000. 300 Total 1800 In addition, monitoring and evaluation for the EMDPs will also be conducted and the budget was allocated as shown in Table 9.7 City/Prefecture County/District Project Village Budget (Yuan’1000) Dashanzhuang Village 30 Linxia Hui Autonomous Hezheng County Cheba Village 40 Prefecture Bianpo Village 40 146 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II .40 Ketuo Village Total 150 Luren village 50 Tanchang Longnan City Xinping village 50 County Yuezangfu village 50 Subtotal 150 Total 300 Table 9.7 PM&E budget for Ethnic Minority Development Plan It is proposed that PME (participatory monitoring & evaluation) methods should be adopted to conduct the monitoring and evaluation according to the actual situation of the 30 communities located in the 6 scenic spot area. The PME is usually organized in 4 stages including pre-preparation, field monitoring & evaluation, report development and analysis, and follow-up actions. Each stage has its own flow and work tasks. Fig 9.2 indicates the PME flow chart. 147 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Appendix 1: Detailed Consultation with Stakeholders in Project Area Times of Project Area Stakeholders Way of Consultation Consulta tion Pingli Kongton ①. Community: Jiaju Village, Xigou Village, Workshop ang g Distric Gaoling Village, Qihe Village, Zhonghe PRA Approach 3 t Village City ②. Private sector in tourism development Semi-structured 8 (enterprises, individual business and Interview stalls engaged in services and 2 commodity management) Key Person Interview 10 ③. Government organizations related to Gender Perspective heritage protection and tourism 8 Paper 121 Questionnaire Questio nnaire 122 Network Questionnaire Jingchua ①. Community: Luohan Dong, Wanyan Workshop n Count Village, Gongchi Village, Yanfeng Village PRA Approach 3 y ②. Private sector in tourism development in Tianchi Village (enterprises, Semi-structured 7 individual business and stalls engaged Interview in services and commodity 3 management) Key Person Interview 10 ③. Government organizations related to Gender Perspective heritage protection and tourism 7 Paper 59 Questionnaire Questio nnaire 45 Network Questionnaire Zhuangla ①. Community: Guoman Village, Shiqiao Workshop 3 ng Coun Village PRA Approach ty ②. Private sector in tourism development 4 (enterprises, individual business and Semi-structured stalls engaged in services and 2 Interview commodity management) 10 ③. Government organizations related to Key Person Interview heritage protection and tourism 4 Gender Perspective 148 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Paper 99 Questionnaire Questio 89 nnaire Network Questionnaire Longn Kang Co ①. Community: Yinbazi Village, Laojiangba Workshop an Cit unty Village, Zhuangke Village, Liujiaba PRA Approach 3 y Village ②. Private sector in tourism development Semi-structured 8 (enterprises, individual business and Interview stalls engaged in services and 3 commodity management) Key Person Interview 10 ③. Government organizations related to Gender Perspective heritage protection and tourism 8 Paper 82 Questionnaire Questio nnaire 53 Network Questionnaire Tanchan ①. Community: Luren Village, Xinping Workshop g Count Village, Yuezangfu Village, Guan'e PRA Approach 3 y Village, Lijie Village, Washeping Village, Daheba Village, Xinchengzi Village Semi-structured 5 ②. Private sector in tourism development Interview (enterprises, individual business and 5 stalls engaged in services and Key Person Interview 10 commodity management) Gender Perspective ③. Government organizations related to 5 heritage protection and tourism Paper 139 Questionnaire Questio nnaire 48 Network Questionnaire Linxia Hezheng ①. Community: Diaotan Village, Zhongxin Workshop 3 Hui County Village, Cheba Village, Dashanzhuang PRA Approach Auton Village, Bianpo Village, Ketuo Village 5 omou ②. Private sector in tourism development Semi-structured s (enterprises, individual business and 5 Interview Regio stalls engaged in services and 10 n commodity management) Key Person Interview ③. Government organizations related to 5 Gender Perspective heritage protection and tourism 149 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Paper 90 Questionnaire Questio 33 nnaire Network Questionnaire 150 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Appendix 2: Questionnaires Questionnaire 1: Questionnaire for Local Officials in World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phrase II Dear friends! World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phrase II is involved with six sub-projects in three cities (Prefectures) of Pingliang, Longnan, Linxia (Yuanya Temple in Zhuanglang County, Baili Grotto in Jiangchuan County, Kongtong Mountaion in Kongtong Area, Guan’e Gou in Tanchang County, Yangba in Kang County, Songmingyan Hua’er and Ancient Animal Fossil Museum in Hezheng County ), with a total investment of 820 million yuan, of which $ 100 million coming from the World Bank loan, which is an integrated project of historic preservation, tourism, construction, roads, landscape and other many industries. The target of the project is to achieve “Alleviating Absolute Poverty and Sharing Economic Prosperity”. This questionnaire invites the County’s (Prefecture) officials to evalute the scenic spots in this area involed in the World Bank Project using the way of secret ballot, and please supplement the contents not mentioned which you think is necessary. Thank you for your cooperation and support! 1.Basic Information Your gender: □Male □Female Age: years old Current post and rank: 2. Are you a native? □Yes □No 3. How many times have you been to Kongtong area? □None□Once□Twice□Three times□Many times 4. Which do you think is the most valuable part of the local scenic spots? ( Multiple choice) □Aesthetic value□Scientific value□History and culture value □Entertainmental Value □Religious worship Value□Health care and medical treatment□ Other values 5.Which is the development direction that should be emphasised in the local scenic tourism? ( Multiple choice) □Ecotourism □Adventure Tourism□Other□Sightseeing□Vacation □Entertainment□Religious worship□ Folk Experience Tourism□Shopping Tourism□Cultural Tourism 6. What do you think of the feasibility of the World Bank Project(abbreviation of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phrase II ) □Very good□Good□Just so so□Not good□Unclear 151 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 7.Which difficulites and obstacles do you think will be faced for the implementation of the World Bank Project? ( Multiple choice) □ Inadequate policy support□Noncooperation of local residents□Poor traffic conditions □Information congestion□Enthusiasm absence of local officials □other 8. Which aspects do you think will the World Bank Project bring benefits to the local? (Multiple choices) □Promoting employment □Reducing poverty □Improving the ecological environment □Promoting cultural and natural heritage protection □Enhancing tourism development □ Increasing popularity of the scenic spots □Improving traffic conditions □Other 9. Which negative impacts do you think will the World Bank Project bring to the local? Which are they? (Multiple choice) □None □Unclear □Damaging the environment □Disturbing residents □Occupying land □Increasing management cost □Other 10. How do you think of the local conservation status of the cultural and natural heritage? □ Very good □ Good □ Just so so □ Poor □ Very poor 11. Which aspect do you think should the World Bank Project invest in with emphasis on the scenic? (Multiple choices) □Infrastructure construction □Cultural heritage protection □Ecological environment governance □Scenic management training □ Development and construction of agritainment in peripheral zone of resorts □Strengthening resorts propaganda □Other 12. How do you think of the residents' willingness to participate in tourism operation or service? □With very high willingness □With high willingness □With general willingness □Will low willingness to □ unclear 13. What’s your advice for the World Bank Project combing the local reality? Thank you for your support! Wish you a happy life! 152 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Questionnaire 2: Questionnaire for Business Operators in Scenic Areas in World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phrase II Dear friends! World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phrase II is involved with six sub-projects in three cities (Prefectures) of Pingliang, Longnan, Linxia (Yuanya Temple in Zhuanglang County, Baili Grotto in Jiangchuan County, Kongtong Mountaion in Kongtong Area, Guan’e Gou in Tanchang County, Yangba in Kang County, Songmingyan Hua’er and Ancient Animal Fossil Museum in Hezheng County ), with a total investment of 820 million yuan, of which $ 100 million coming from the World Bank loan, which is an integrated project of historic preservation, tourism, construction, roads, landscape and other many industries. The target of the project is to achieve “Alleviating Absolute Poverty and Sharing Economic Prosperity”. Thanks for your cooperation in the questionnaire. The questionnaire will conduct in the way of secret ballot and the results will only be used in academic research, without bring any negative impact on your life and work. Please let us know your true thoughts and fill in what fits your situation or use “”. Thank you for your assistance and support! 1. Basic Information Your gender: □Male □Female Age: years old Nationality: 2. Are you a native? □Yes □No 3. Your religion: □ Islam□ Catholic □ Buddhism□Taoism □Other religions □ No religion 4. Business operation type: □Hotel □Restaurant □Agritainment □ Small business operation □Roadside vendors □Entertainment □Other 5. How long have you been engaged in this? 6. What did you do before you engage in this operation? □Farming □Off-farm work □Privately or individually-owned business □Others 7. How much is your annual household income before you engaged in this operation? Yuan/year 8. How much is the net household income from the business operation in scenic area? Yuan/year 9. Whether your household income has been increased after you engaged in the operation in scenic area? 153 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II □Yes, with noticeable increase □Yes, but not increase much □No difference □Income decreases 10. Do you think the development of local tourism has damaged the local ecological environment? □Yes, severely □ Yes, slightly □ No □ The local natural environment has become better because of toursim 11. Do you think the entrance of the tourists has disturbed the normal life of the local people? □Serious interference □ No obvious interference □ No 12. How much do you know about the local cultural and natural heritage or the intangible cultural heritage? □Very much □Much □A little □Don’t know much □Nothing 13. Do you pay attention to the development of the local scenic spots? □ Yes□No 14. Do you think that the local peole should get profits in the development of the local scenic area? □Yes□No□Do not care 15. Do you think the neighbors have the responsibility to participate in the protection of local cultural and natural heritage or intangible cultural heritage? □Yes□It doesn’t matter □Non of my business 16. How did you participate the scenic area commercial operation? □Scenic recruiting □The help of acquaintance □Government support □Self-registered business operation □Private □Other 17. Have you ever participated in job training? □ Yes □No 18 What’s your advice on the aspects of scenic development helping the residents to participate in tourism business operations? Thank you for your support! Wish you a happy life! 154 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Questionnaire 3: Questionnaire for Tourists in Local Officials in World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phrase II Dear friends! World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phrase II is involved with six sub-projects in three cities (Prefectures) of Pingliang, Longnan, Linxia (Yunya Temple in Zhuanglang County, Baili Grottoes in Jingchuan County, Kongtong Mountain in Kongtong Region, Guan’e Gou in Tanchang County, Yangba in Kang County, Songmingyan Hua’er and Ancient Animal Fossil Museum in Hezheng County ), with a total investment of 820 million yuan, of which $ 100 million coming from the World Bank loan, which is an integrated project of historic preservation, tourism, construction, roads, landscape and other many industries. The target of the project is to achieve “Alleviating Absolute Poverty and Sharing Economic Prosperity”. The questionnaire will conduct in the way of secret ballot and the results will only be used in academic research, without bring any negative impact on your life or work. Please let us know your true thoughts and fill in what fits your situation or use “”. Thank you for your assistance and support! 1. Basic Information Your gender: □Male □Female Age: years old Occupation: □Corporate / Company employee □Government department staff □Public institution staff □Self-employed □Freelancers □ Teacher/professor □ Student □Soldier □The emeritus and retired □Farmer □Other Educational level: □ Junior high school and below □Senior high school □Technical secondary school or junior college□ Undergraduate □ Postgraduate or above Nationality: Monthly income: □Below 2,000yuan □ 2,000 ~ 4,000 yuan □ 4,000 ~ 6,000 yuan □ 6,000 ~ 8,000 yuan □Over 8,000 yuan Permanent address: County City (State) Province (autonomous region) 2. Evaluation of the resort status: satisfied / quite satisfied / general / less satisfied / very dissatisfied 1) On the scenic service quality □□□□□ 2) On the scenic environmental quality □□□□□ 3) On the scenic value □□□□□ 4) On the scenic charges □□□□□ 5) On the traffic status □□□□□ 6) On the scenic hygienic condition □□□□□ 155 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 7) On the scenic security □□□□□ 8) On the scenic catering □□□□□ 9) On the scenic guide identification □□□□□ 10) On the scenic accommodation □□□□□ 11) On the scenic leisure facilities□□□□□ 12) On the scenic tickets□□□□□ 13) On the scenic conservation status Satisfaction□□□□□ 14) On the overall evaluation of the scenic□□□□□ 3. What’s your purpose of travelling here? □ Sightseeing □leisure□Tasting delicious food□ Investigating and studying □Exploration □Religious worship □Making friends and seeing relatives □other 4. The expenditure per capita to this scenic area for one time: yuan, spending mostly on_____? 5. How many times have you been here for travel? ___times Do you have the intention to visit here again? □ Yes □ No 6. What’s your way of organizating this tour? □Individual□Friends or family together□Units organized □Travel agencies □ Other 7. How did you know this scenic area? (Multiple Choices) □Tourist brochures □Broadcasting □Friends recommendation □ Textbooks □Newspapers and magazines □Network □Travel agencies □ Outdoor advertisement □ other 8. How much do you know about the concept of the cultural and natural heritage protection? □ Very much □ Much□A little□ almost little □ Know nothing 9. What’s your most impressive part in this scenic? □ Attractions quality□Scenic environment□ Friendly services □ Special products sale□ Other 10. Whether do you think the tourists should consciously participate in environmental, cultural and natural heritage protection during travelling? □Yes, they should □Not necessary □Unclear 156 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 11. Which aspects do you think the scenic area suits to develop to? (Multiple choices) □Sightseeing □Leisure □Recreation □Religious worship □Folk experience tourism□Shopping tourism □Cultural tourism□Ecotourism □Adventure tourism □Other 12. Which is your most dissatisfied part of this Scenic? 13. Please propse your personal views on improving service in the Scenic: Thank you for your support! Wish you a happy life! 157 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Questionnaire 4: Questionnaires of Residents around the Scenic Spot of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Hello! World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and NaturalHeritage Protection and Development Proj ect Phase II involves 6 sub-projects (Yunya temple in Zhuanglang County, Baili Grottoes in Jingchuan County, Kongdong mountain in Kongdong, Guanegou in Tanchang County, Yangba in Kang County, Songmingyan Huaer in Hezheng County and Ancient animal fossils museum) in 3 cities (prefectures) : Pingliang, Longnan and Linxia. The total capital is 82 million yuan. World Bank loan is 0.1 million, which is for the comprehensive project of various industries such as cultural protection, tourism, construction, road, landscape, etc. The tenet is “reduce absolute poverty, share economic prosperity”. The questionnaire is conducted in absolute anonymous way. The research result is only used for academic study and will never bring any negative effect on your life and work. Please let us know your real thought and put in “” in item that conforms to your situation. Thank you for your help and support! 1. Basic information of the interviewee Gender: □Male □Female Age: Nationality: Education level：□Junior High school and the below □Senior high school □Technical secondary school or junior college □Bachelor □graduate or the higher level The number of family member: family annual income: 2. The distance from home to scenic spot: 3. Your religious: □Islam □Catholicism □Buddhim □Taoism□Other religion□haveno religious belief 4. Do you think whether the local tourism has had negative effect on local ecological environment? □Yes, serious destruction □Yes, slight destruction □No □ Tourism makes the local natural environment better 5. Do you think whether the development of scenic spot has affected your life? □Yes, has serious impact □ Yes, has slight impact □No 6. Do you think whether the intrusion of tourists has disturbed the normal life of local residents? 158 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II □Yes, serious □Yes, slight □No 7. Do you think your family benefited from tourism development? □Yes □No 8. Is there any family member works in the local scenic spot? □Yes □No 9. Do you think it is possible to increase family income by working in scenic spot? □Yes □No 10. How much do you know about local cultural and natural heritage (non-material cultural heritage)? □A lot □some □a few □few □don’t know at all 11. Do you pay attention to the development and construction of local scenic spot? □Yes □No 12. Do you think it is reasonable to have the local residents benefit from the exploration of local scenic spot? □Yes □No □Don’t care 13. Do you think whether the surrounding residents have the responsibility to participate in the protection of local cultural and natural heritage and non-material cultural heritage? □Yes □don’t care □have no business with yourself 14. If you have not participated in business operations in scenic spot, do you have the intention to participate or not? □Yes □No 15. Do you have channel to work in scenic spot? □Yes □No 16. What is your job? □farming □working □individual business owner□others & this question is only for nearby residents who have participated in scenic spot’s working (17-21) 17. If you have already participated in tourism service, what is your work now? □managers in scenic spot □cleaners in scenic spot □staffs in amusement sports □restaurant □accommodation □small ware retailing □Agricola □private vendor □others 18. what did you do before participating in tourism work? □farming □working □individual business owner □others 159 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 19. How did you participate in working of scenic spot? □recruitment of scenic spot □with the help of acquaintance □governmnet support □registration operation of individual household □private □others 20. what is the income from working in scenic spot? yuan 21. After working in scenic spot, did the family income increase? □yes, a lot □yes, but not so much □no change in income □less 22. If the planning construction of scenic spot affect you and it can not be solved, do you know how to appeal? If yes, please write it out. □yes □no 23. What opinion do you have on the poverty alleviation and become rich for nearby residents and on increasing income? Thank you for your support! Have a nice life! 160 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Appendix 3. Poverty Status of the Project Counties Administration Project Village Household Population Poverty Poverty Poverty Region Household Area Name Population Incidence Rate Kongton Qihe 83 224 50 131 58.50% District Zhonghe 99 363 60 128 35.30% Gaolin 111 461 50 134 29.10% Jiazui 86 306 51 190 62.10% Xigou 235 1024 32 97 9.50% Pingliang Subtotal 614 2378 243 680 38.90% Jingchuan Luohandong 398 1537 159 615 40% County Wanyan 476 2124 262 1002 47.20% Yanfeng 345 1604 52 262 16.30% Gongchi 540 2508 112 505 20.10% Tianchi 251 1108 26 107 9.70% Subtotal 2010 8881 611 2491 26.66% Zhuanglang Shiqiao 211 1022 111 473 46.30% County Guoman 197 857 86 317 37% Subtotal 408 1879 197 790 42% Kang Yinbazi 83 280 10 30 10.70% County Laojiangba 58 214 10 40 18.70% Zhuangke 55 208 13 35 16.80% Liujiaba 30 126 22 92 73% Subtotal 226 828 55 197 30% Longnan Luren 186 833 41 185 22% Guane 214 1049 63 272 26% 161 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Washepin 157 753 45 177 23.50% Tanchang LIjie 115 495 24 108 21.82% County Xinpin 208 832 56 217 26% Daheba 218 1008 41 188 18.65% Xinchengzi 201 962 44 198 20.58% Yuezangfu 125 622 39 165 26.52% Subtotal 1424 6554 353 1510 23.13% Hui Hezheng Diaotan 436 2173 90 390 17.90% Autonomous County Prefecture of Zhongxin 448 2257 135 561 24.90% Linxia Dashanzhuang 529 2709 131 548 20.20% Cheba 476 2425 10 60 2.50% Ketuo 389 1935 35 154 8% Subtotal 2278 11499 401 1713 15% Total 6269 32019 1860 7381 23% Appendix 4. Ethnic minority information in six scenic spots in Gansu province 162 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Appendix 4. Ethnic minority information in six scenic spots in Gansu province City/ Quantity of Quantity of ethnic Types of ethnic % of ethnic Prefect County Township Village Population Ethnic population households households minority minority population ure Chengguan Luren 186 833 90 442 Tibetan 84.3% Tanchang County Longnan Xinchengzi Xinping 208 832 208 832 Tibetan 100% City Yezangfu 125 622 90 458 Tibetan 73.6% Subtotal 519 2287 388 1732 85.97% Dashan 468 2318 Dongxiang 85.6% 529 2709 zhuang 61 391 Hui 14.4% Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture 302 1208 Dongxiang 65% Cheba 468 2428 Hezheng county Songming 150 300 Hui 12.4% 110 450 Dongxiang 33% Bianpo 335 1812 200 1010 Hui 55.8% 298 1202 Dongxiang 77% Ketuo 389 1935 50 200 Dongxiang 10.3% Subtotal 1721 8884 1639 7079 88.38% 2240 11171 2027 8811 87.18% Total 163 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Appendix 5. CO Development Project Components and Budget 1. Kongtong Mountain, Pingliang City 1.1 Community Skill and Service Training ① Comprehensive Tourism Training Fee (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times *2times*143persons=RMB8,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2 days*2times =RMB12,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights *2times=RMB3,600. (5)Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3 days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 286 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB30,000. ②Farmers' Homestay inn Professional Training. (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times*2times*376persons=RMB22,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*1 days*6 years=RMB18,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 126 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB40,000. ③Capacity Building for Local Specialty Products and Service Development (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times *2times*376persons=RMB22,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*3 days*2times =RMB18,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 752 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB50,000 Total: Direct beneficiary people of capacity building: 1164 person times Total of budget: RMB120,000/CO*6 COs=RMB720,000. 1.2 Community Organization Development CO Hatch Fees Peer Training Fee Total Community Organization (RMB'1000) (RMB'1000) (RMB'1000) Kongton District Qihe village farmers' 50 50 100 professional cooperatives of tourist services (Agricultural and sideline products) Kongton District Zhonghe village farmers' 50 50 100 professional cooperatives of tourist 164 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II services (herbs) Kongton District Gailing village farmers' 50 50 100 professional cooperatives of tourist services (Agricultural and sideline products) Kongton District Jiazu village farmers' 50 50 100 professional cooperatives of tourist services (breeding) Kongton District Xigou village farmers' 50 50 100 professional cooperatives of tourist services (Farmers' homestay inns) Kongton District Qihe village farmers' 50 50 100 professional cooperatives of tourist services (Agricultural and sideline products) Total(RMB'1000) 300 300 600 Grand total of CO development budget:RMB500,000. 1.3 Goods Purchase （1）The village folk culture performing team configuration equipment fee (Clothing, props and so on):RMB80,000*1 CO(Kongtong Wushu association)=RMB80,000. （2）The basic configuration for CO running(Office equipment etc) : RMB50,000/CO * 6CO=RMB300,000. Goods Purchase fee total:RMB380,000. Grand total of Kongtong Mountain Scenic Spot CO development budget:RMB1,700,000. 2. Jingchuan County Baili Grottoes, Pingliang City 2.1 Community Skill and Service Training ① Comprehensive Tourism Training Fee (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. Times*2times*83persons=RMB5000. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2days*2times =RMB12,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*5nights*2times=RMB6,000. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*5days *2persons*2times=RMB3,000. No. of the training beneficiary people: 166 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB30,000. ② Farmers' Homestay inn Professional Training. (1) Training materials: RMB100/person. times*2times*63persons= RMB12,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500/p.d*1days*6 years =RMB18,000 (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 126 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB40,000. ③ Capacity Building for Local Specialty Products and Service Development (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times *2times*376persons=RMB22,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*3days*2times =RMB18,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 752 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB50,000. 165 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Total: Direct beneficiary people of capacity building: 1044 person times Total of budget: RMB120,000/CO*6 COs=RMB720,000. 2.2 Community Organization Development CO Hatch Fees Peer Training Fee Total Community Organization (RMB'1000) (RMB'1000) (RMB'1000) Jingchuan County Luohandong Village 50 50 100 Community Co-Management Committee Jingchuan County Luohandong Tourism 50 50 100 Services Association (Farmers' homestay inns) Wanyan Cutural Tourism Services 50 50 100 Association (Performing arts group, Culture arts and crafts) Jingchuan County Yanfeng Village tourism 50 50 100 services Associations(Farmers' homestay inns,Grottoes Arts and Crafts) Jingchuan County Gongchi Village tourism 50 50 100 Services Professional Association Jingchuan County Tianchi Village tourism 50 50 100 Services Professional Association Total(RMB'1000) 300 300 600 Grand total of CO development budget:RMB600,000. 2.3 Goods Purchase (1) The village folk culture performing team configuration equipment fee (Clothing, props and so on):RMB80,000*1 CO(Kongtong Wushu association)=RMB80,000. (2) The basic configuration for CO running(Office equipment etc) : RMB50,000/CO * 6CO=RMB300,000. Goods Purchase fee total:RMB380,000. Grand total of Baili Grottoes Scenic Spot CO development budget:RMB1,700,000. 3. Yunya Temple, Zhuanglang county, Pingliang City 3.1 Community Skill and Service Training ①Comprehensive Tourism Training Fee (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times *2times*143 persons=RMB8,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2days*2times =RMB12,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 286person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB30,000. ②Farmers' Homestay inn Professional Training. (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times*2times*93persons=RMB18,600.. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2 days*2 times=RMB12,000. 166 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 186 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB40,000. ③Capacity Building for Local Specialty Products and Service Development (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times *2times*376persons=RMB22,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*3 days*2times =RMB18,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 752 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB50,000 Total: Direct beneficiary people of capacity building: 1224 person times Total of budget: RMB120,000/CO*2 COs=RMB240,000. 3.2 Community Organization Development CO Hatch Fees Peer Training Fee Total Community Organization (RMB'1000) (RMB'1000) (RMB'1000) Zhuanglang County Shiqiao Village 90 50 140 farmers' professional cooperatives of tourism services (herbs,Local specialty products) Zhuanglang County Guoman Village 90 50 140 farmers' professional cooperatives of tourism services (herbs) Total(RMB'1000) 180 100 280 Grand total of CO development budget:RMB280,000. 3.3 Goods Purchase The basic configuration for CO running(Office equipment etc) :RMB50,000/CO * 6CO=RMB100,000. Goods Purchase fee total:RMB100,000. Grand total of Yunya Temple Scenic Spot CO development budget:RMB620,000. 4. Yangba, Kangxian county, Longnan City 4.1.Community Skill and Service Training ① Comprehensive Tourism Training Fee (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times *2times*83persons=RMB5,000. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2 days*2times =RMB12,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*5nights *2times=RMB6,000. (5)Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*5 days*2persons*2times=RMB3,000. 167 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II No. of the training beneficiary people: 166 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB30,000. ②Farmers' Homestay inn Professional Training. (1) Training materials: RMB100/person. times*2times*93persons=RMB18,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2 days*2 times=RMB12,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 186 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB40,000. ③Capacity Building for Local Specialty Products and Service Development (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times *2times*476persons=RMB28,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2 days*2times =RMB12,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 952 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB50,000 Total: Direct beneficiary people of capacity building: 1304 person times Total of budget: RMB120,000/CO*4 COs=RMB480,000. 4.2 Community Organization Development CO Hatch Fees Peer Training Fee Total Community Organization (RMB'1000) (RMB'1000) (RMB'1000) Kang County Yinbazi Village professional 60 50 110 cooperatives of tourist services(Farmers' homestay inns,herbs) Kang County Yangba Village Cultural and arts 60 50 110 Performing group Kang County Zhuangke Village farmers' 60 50 110 professional cooperatives of tourism services (herbs,Local specialty products) Peasant tea Garden Tourism and Services 60 50 110 Association Total(RMB'1000) 240 200 440 Grand total of CO development budget:RMB440,000. 4.3 CO Development Project Components (1) The village folk culture performing team configuration equipment fee (Clothing, props and so on):RMB80,000*1 CO(Kongtong Wushu association)=RMB80,000. (2) The basic configuration for CO running(Office equipment etc) : RMB50,000/CO * 4CO=RMB200,000. Goods Purchase fee total:RMB280,000. Grand total of Yangba Scenic Spot CO development budget:RMB1,200,000. 5. Guan’e Gou, Tanchang County, Longnan City 168 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II 5.1 Community Skill and Service Training ① Comprehensive Tourism Training Fee (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times *2times*83persons=RMB5,000. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2 days*2times =RMB12,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*5nights *2times=RMB3,600. (5)Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*5 days*2persons*2times=RMB3,000. No. of the training beneficiary people: 166 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB30,000. ②Farmers' Homestay inn Professional Training. (1) Training materials: RMB100/person. times*2times*93persons=RMB18,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2 days*2 times=RMB12,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 186 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB40,000. ③Capacity Building for Local Specialty Products and Service Development (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times *2times*476persons=RMB28,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2 days*2times =RMB12,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 953 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB50,000 Total: Direct beneficiary people of capacity building: 1305 person times Total of budget: RMB120,000/CO*9 COs=RMB1,080,000. 5.2 Community Organization Development CO Hatch Fees Peer Training Fee Total Community Organization (RMB'1000) (RMB'1000) (RMB'1000) County Association of travel 60 50 110 services(Beekeeping, Embroidery, Farmers' homestay) Qiang Tibetan folk culture Performing Group 60 50 110 Tanchang County Guane Village Farmers' 60 50 110 homestay Association (Include Root carving) Tanchang County Washeping Village farmers' 60 50 110 professional cooperatives of tourism services Tanchang County Lijie Village Association of 60 50 110 travel services(Farmers' homestay) Tanchang County Xinping Village Association 60 50 110 of travel services (Beekeeping, Embroidery) 169 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Tanchang County Daheba Village Association 60 50 110 of travel services Tanchang County Xinchengzi Village 60 50 110 Association of travel services Tanchang County Yuezangfu Village 60 50 110 Association of travel services Total(RMB'1000) 540 450 990 Grand total of CO development budget:RMB990,000. 5.3 CO Development Project Components (1) The village folk culture performing team configuration equipment fee (Clothing, props and so on):Qiang Tibetan folk culture Performing Group RMB80,000*60 sets of clothing=RMB120,000. Musical Instruments:RMB89,600. (2) The basic configuration for CO running(Office equipment etc) : RMB50,000/CO * 9CO=RMB450,000. Goods Purchase fee total:RMB659,600. Grand total of Guan’e Gou Scenic Spot CO development budget:RMB2,729,600. 6. Songmingyan and Palaeotherium Fossils Museum, Hezheng county,Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture 6.1 Community Skill and Service Training ① Comprehensive Tourism Training Fee (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times *2times*83persons=RMB5,000. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2 days*2times =RMB12,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*5nights *2times=RMB6,000. (5)Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*5 days*2persons*2times=RMB3,000. No. of the training beneficiary people:166 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB30,000. ②Farmers' Homestay inn Professional Training. (1) Training materials: RMB100/person. times*2times*93persons=RMB18,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2 days*2 times=RMB12,000. (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 186 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB40,000. ③Capacity Building for Local Specialty Products and Service Development (1) Training materials: RMB30/person. times *2times*476persons=RMB28,600. (2) Expert fee: 2 persons*RMB1500 /p.d*2 days*2times =RMB12,000. 170 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II (3) Transportation fee for training experts: RMB2000/time*2times=RMB4,000. (4) Accommodation fee for experts: RMB300/night.room*2rooms*3nights*2times=RMB3,600. (5) Food subsidy for experts: RMB150/p.d*3days*2persons*2times=RMB1,800. No. of the training beneficiary people: 953 person.times. Subtotal of training fee: RMB50,000 Total: Direct beneficiary people of capacity building: 1305 person times Total of budget: RMB120,000/CO*4 COs=RMB480,000. 6.2 Community Organization Development CO Hatch Fees Peer Training Fee Total Community Organization (RMB'1000) (RMB'1000) (RMB'1000) Hezhang County Diaotan Village Association of 60 50 110 travel services(yangko) Hezhang County Zhongxin Village Association 60 50 110 of travel services “Hua’er” Cultural Art Performing Group 60 50 110 Hezhang County Dashanzhaung 60 50 110 Village,Cheba Village Tourism and CO Development Association Total(RMB'1000) 240 200 440 Grand total of CO development budget:RMB440,000. 6.3 CO Development Project Components (1) The village folk culture performing team configuration equipment fee (Clothing, props and so on):RMB80,000*5 Hezhang County Diaotan Village Association of travel services(yangko)=RMB400,000. “Hua’er” Cultural Art Performing Group:RMB80,000. (2) The basic configuration for CO running(Office equipment etc) : RMB50,000/CO * 4CO=RMB200,000. Goods Purchase fee total:RMB680,000. Grand total of Songmingyan Scenic Spot CO development budget:RMB1,600,000. Grand Total of Project Area CO Development Budget Project Area CO development budget(Yuan) Pingliang Kongtong District 1,700,000 Jingchuan County 1,700,000 Zhuanglang County 620,000 Longnan Kang County 1,200,000 Tanchang County 2,729,600 Linxia Prefecture Hezheng County 1,600,000 171 The Social assessment Report of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phase II Total(Yuan) 9,549,600 Remarks: (1) The CO development project budget total RMB9,549,600.about USB1,469,169. (2) The CO development project budget barring ethnic minority development plan monitoring and evaluation fee(RMB300,000),whole project monitoring and evaluation fee (RMB1,800,000),the two fee separate list. 7. Community development research Fee: Community participation and community co-management mechanism research and pilot(Luohandong Grottoes)(research fee:RMB800,000). 172