Integrated Metropolitan Planning: 86519 A Case for DRM in the State of Rio de Janeiro “The partnership with the World Bank in the context of DRM is Region Disaster Risk Management and Urban Development (LCSDU) team paramount to developing our capacity in the face of increasing developed a number of DRM interventions, including analytical studies, numbers of disasters in Brazil. Specifically for the Ministry of Cities, technical assistance, and capacity building activities to strengthen the focus has been on improving urban planning to avoid creating national and sub-national institutions and tackle the complex nature of new risks, and learning how to better manage existing risk.” disaster events in Brazil. These interventions include four main areas: risk —Yuri Rafael Della Giustina - Sr. Infrastructure Specialist, Ministry of Cities identification, disaster preparedness and response, policymaking, and economic analysis. Challenge Risk Identification In January 2011, extreme flooding and devastating landslides caused by ◆◆Landslide and Flood-Risk Maps: The LCSDU team collaborated with heavy rains left a wake of more than 1,000 deaths in the state of Rio the Department of Mineral Resources (Departamento de Recursos de Janeiro, with the most devastating impacts on the most vulnerable Minerais) and the State Environmental Institute to develop landslide populations living in the state’s mountainous region (Região Serrana). The and flood-risk maps to assist in identifying hazard prone areas, people total cost to the state of Rio de Janeiro was over US$2 billion, more than and infrastructure susceptibility and to produce risk information for one percent of the state’s GDP. Direct impacts to the infrastructure and decision-making. social sectors accounted for over 50 percent of losses, severely disrupting public services including transportation, telecommunications, water and ◆◆Pilot Urban Growth Monitoring System: The Ministry of Cities and the sanitation, health care and education throughout the affected areas. LSCDU team collaborated to develop the Pilot Urban Growth Monitoring System. This program supports the Ministry of Cities’ mission to The state of Rio de Janeiro has a history of leadership in disaster response increase the capacity of municipalities so they can incorporate DRM in the country dating back to the 60s. Following a massive flooding and considerations into their urban expansion plans. Utilizing OpenDRI2 landslide event in 1966, the state established the country’s first civil principles, this pilot drew upon a series of temporal satellite images3, defense authority and institutionalized a disaster-response mechanism hazard maps and Geographic Information System (GIS) data layers to for its citizens. During the same period, Brazil’s capital city moved from better integrate existing knowledge and research on urban expansion Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia, which caused the region’s economy to suffer and areas of geological and environmental fragility (see map below). due to diminished institutional capacity and financial capital to compete in the surge of industrialization throughout the country. However, since MONITORING URBANIZATION 1994 2011 2000, the state’s economy recovered significantly due to discoveries of in Brazilian Cities offshore fossil fuels and growing investments in tourism, leading to a What is? population surge and economic boom across the state. This economic Who is involved? resurgence caused some detrimental effects on the urban landscape of the state, particularly in the capital city, as the urban poor often settle How does it operate? into largely unregulated and unplanned favelas1 in high-risk areas, How will be developed? including flood zones and steep mountainsides prone to landslides. When will begin? With the spotlight on Rio de Janeiro as one of the host cities of the World Which are next steps? Cup in 2014 and Summer Olympics in 2016, national, state and municipal authorities are on the front line to protect residents and tourists from disasters and are striving to build resilience by improving land-use planning and implementing best practices in DRM to better prepare for climatological hazards. Prototype map showing Prototype urbanization  of thematic in Rio  layer showing urbanization de  in Rio  Janeiro de Janeiro municipality  County (Pop.  7.0 Mi) from 1994 (pink) to 2011 (red).  Intervention In the wake of the Rio flooding and landslide disaster in 2011, government Disaster Preparedness and Response authorities sought to understand the economic impacts and human losses ◆◆Improved Early Warning System (EWS): The Civil Defense, State triggered by extreme hazard events, and the underlying causes of disaster Environmental Institute and the Department of Mineral Resources risk in the country. In partnership with the municipal, state, and national- collaborated to implement a more effective EWS and disaster level governments, the World Bank’s Latin America and the Caribbean contingency plans. The EWS includes low, medium and high-risk www.worldbank.org/lcrdrm/insights insightsinDRM A Practitioner’s Perspective on Disaster Risk Management in Latin America & the Caribbean alerts and is directly linked to the Civil Defense system that sends out in the country from a reactive approach disaster response to improved alerts every 15 minutes. The state early warning system4 benefits five risk management strategies that aim to produce risk information to million people in 21 municipalities, and covers the most risk-prone and support informed decision-making. Investments now focus on building populated areas. technical capacity at the national, state and municipal levels to support the DRM engagements initiated in recent years. Policymaking ◆◆2012-2015 Multi-Year Development Plan: The World Bank provided “As a society we have the means to create tools and procedures to technical assistance in outlining the vision for the metropolitan area. reduce the risk of disasters and ensure greater resilience for both The Plan takes into account the Integrated Program for Rio de Janeiro’s communities and infrastructure.” Metropolitan Region, as well as multi-sector plans covering DRM, —President Dilma Rouseff, in 2012 launch of National Plan urban, environment, transport and housing areas, among others. for Risk Management and Natural Disaster Response ◆◆Morar Seguro Program: In April 2010, authorities launched the Morar The Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region is not only distinguished as one Seguro (Live Safely) program, a state-integrated metropolitan program that integrates DRM into economic and urban development planning. of the top tourist destinations in the world and the second largest hub This includes i) a housing program that gives priority to people living in of economic activity in the country, but its approach to disaster risk risk areas; ii) a social rental program for families affected by disaster, management is now seen as a model for other areas of Brazil. These and iii) technical assistance and financial incentives for municipalities interventions facilitate the understanding of disaster risk in Brazil, and to establish the boundaries of risk areas. government authorities are actively engaging in robust and strategic activities to strengthen the institutional framework in order to improve Economic Analysis disaster preparedness and response actions, create awareness, and build ◆◆Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA): In 2012, a DaLA of Brazil’s technical capacity to address the root causes of disasters. most major climate-related disaster events since 2008 was conducted using the ECLAC methodology5, which helped to expand the national However, even with recent progress, much remains to be done to improve dialogue on DRM (see table below). The DaLA aggregated four events the performance and technical capacity of government authorities to and analyzed the major sectors, concluding that the most affected employ DRM principles into decision-making processes. To address the by far was the housing sector accounting for approximately 48% of increasingly frequent and intense natural hazards in Brazil, future studies total costs (R$7.3 billion, US$3.1 billion), followed by the transport will help to identify the best technologies for collecting and using data, sector (18%: R$ 2.8 billion, US$1.2 billion). These costs include direct and develop strategies and urban policies for land-use planning to avoid physical damages to economic assets (mainly building and transport settlements in high-risk areas and incorporate mitigation measures for infrastructure), and indirect economic impacts resulting from loss of existing hazards. connectivity and disruption of public services and transportation that affect local and national economic activities and value streams. Recognizing the high stakes in protecting its citizens, economy and hundreds of millions of visitors that are expected to arrive in the coming Number of Total Cost Total Cost GDP % Loss months and years, national, state and municipal authorities in Rio de Year Event Victims (R$ billion) (US$ billion) (by state) Janeiro are collaborating to urgently integrate key policies, investments Floods and and metropolitan planning practices that build disaster resilience. 2008 landslides in 110 5.32 2.27 2.67% Santa Catarina Endnotes Floods in 2010 20 3.37 1.45 4.30% 1 Favela is the term for a slum in Brazil, most often within urban areas, Pernambuco Floods in as seen here: www.photosnack.com/FE7975B8B7A/pdc9acuu 2010 36 1.85 .79 8.72% Alagoas 2 Open Data for Resilience Initiative (OpenDRI) was launched Floods and by GFDRR in 2010 to increase the use of data in DRM. 1,000 2011 Landslides in 4.71 2.03 1.35% https://www.gfdrr.org/opendri (approx.) Rio de Janeiro 3 http://www.photosnack.com/FE7975B8B7A/ptmyv855 Total 1,166 15.25 6.54 - 4 http://inea.infoper.net/inea/ Disasters and economic losses of the four major disasters in Brazil (2008-2011). 5 The DaLA Methodology was initially developed by the UN Economic Outcome Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in 1972, in A culture of disaster risk awareness is growing in Brazil as urban order to capture the closest approximation of damage and losses due planners are developing integrated and proactive approaches to urban to disaster events. It is a flexible tool  that can be adapted to specific development by institutionalizing DRM policies and building technical disaster types and government ownership requirements, and uses capacities to mitigate disasters through comprehensive disaster risk national accounts and statistics as baseline data to assess damage and management programs. The state of Rio de Janeiro has catalyzed a shift losses. https://www.gfdrr.org/fr/node/69 Contacts Alessandra Campanaro – Sr. Infrastructure Michel Matera – Sr. DRM Specialist, Disaster Frederico Pedroso – DRM Specialist, Disaster Finance Specialist, Disaster Risk Management Risk Management and Urban Development, Risk Management and Urban Development, and Urban Development, Latin America and the Latin America and the Caribbean Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean (acampanaro@worldbank.org) (mmatera@worldbank.org) (fpedroso@worldbank.org) OPEN DATA FOR RESILIENCE INITIATIVE