Reference TWU-34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE REGIONAL TECHNICAL WORKSHOP ON TRANSPORTATION AND TRANSIT FACILITATION REGIONAL INITIATIVE ON TRANSPORT INTEGRATION SOUTH ASIA REGION REPORT OUTLINE FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDEMENT PART I: SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS 1. Introduction 1.1 The Bangkok Workshop: Objective 1.2 Scope of Report 2. Toward a Strategic View of Transportation and Transit Facilitation 3. Exchange of Global Experiences 3.1 NAFTA 3.2 Southern Africa Development Community 3.3 Maputo Corridor 3.4 Mercosur 3.5 Rotterdam Port 4. Critical Issues in Transportation and Transit Facilitation 4.1 The South Asian Case 4.2 Legal and Institutional Framework 4.3 Integrated Approaches to Transit Facilitation 5. Transportation and Transit Facilitation: Knowledge Gained and Next Steps for South Asia 5.1 The Challenge of Trade Facilitation and Customs Reform 5.2 Transportation Corridors and Operations 5.3 Sustaining Public-Private Partnerships in Transportation and Logistics Improvements 5.4 Value of the Workshop 5.5 Next Steps PART II: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS PART III: PROGRAMME SCHEDULE Foreword "To fight poverty with passion and facilitation and transport systems, and through professionalism for lasting results." This is the increased public-private dialogue, as well as very essence of the World Bank's Mission private sector-led investments within a Statement that has a special place in South supportive policy environment. Asia, a region that harbors a lion's share of the world's poor. Development strategy for The World Bank in partnership with United poverty alleviation must be rooted in Nations Economic and Social Commission for transformation of society by the society. For Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) sponsored the this, individuals in society must be energized Regional Technical Workshop on Transport with a vision for their own betterment, and and Transit Facilitation under the Initiative. through shared knowledge, resources and Participants included public and private sector capacity building, be helped to translate the representatives from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India vision into reality. Societies that have and Nepal. The genesis for the workshop lies discovered the magic of individual and in the requests from the sub-region for global collective empowerment are the ones that have case studies and experiences that may provide discovered the link between political and insights as South Asia moves towards increased economic stability and poverty alleviation. integration in its transportation and trade. We are rapidly moving to an era of This report highlights the discussions, and in globalization where countries are increasingly particular, the recommendations made by the connected by markets, trade, finance, resources, country delegates in improving their transport and communications. South Asian transportation, trade facilitation and customs economies face a unique opportunity to systems and in examining innovative options participate competitively in this global for effective public-private partnerships in production and trading system on competitive transportation and logistics improvement. This terms. However, this opportunity will be report captures the hard work and collaboration realized only if they can offer an efficient and of many individuals including our partners in integrated transport and communication client countries who made the workshop a systems. The World Bank's South Asia success. Regional Initiative on Transport Integration aims to support economic collaboration among Let's continue to strive through these and other the concerned countries through effective trade on-going efforts in the region to attain our mission to fight poverty. Mieko Nishimizu Vice President, South Asia Region The World Bank Acknowledgements The success of the workshop can be John Moon for their active and substantive attributed to a great deal of thinking and participation and for providing the logistics hard work by many individuals. The support for the workshop. We would like delegates from the four countries deserve to extend our thanks to the panel of experts, special recognition for their commitment to resource persons and the institutions that learning and the openness and generosity participated in the workshop. with which they shared their views and experiences thereby enriching the The efforts of several World Bank staff discussions at the workshop. Mr. Saiful were critical in making the workshop a Islam, Secretary, Ministry of Shipping, success. In particular, we would like to (Bangladesh), Dasho Yeshi Tshering, acknowledge the core team involved in the Director, Road Safety and Surface Regional Initiative: Mmes./Messrs. Uma Transport Authority (Bhutan), Mr. Ranjan Subramanian, Shunso Tsukada, John Kumar Jain, Executive Director, Ministry Tillman, Ron Kopicki, Marc Juhel, of Railways (India), and Dr. Shankar Mohammad Iqbal Karim, Surendra Joshi, Sharma, Honorable Member, National Harald Hansen, Alok Bansal and Gladys Planning Commission (Nepal) were leaders Stevens. Special thanks are extended to of the respective country delegations and Ms. Frannie Leautier who provided the deserve special thanks for their leadership. management leadership for the initiative Thanks are also extended to the following and generously shared her vision on for leading the thematic group discussions challenges facing the 21st century and to during the workshop: Mr.A.H.Khan Mr. Lorne Blackman for his expert (Thematic group on Transport Corridors guidance on procedural aspects and for his and Operations); Mr. Mumtaz Ahmad masterful facilitation of discussions at the (Thematic group on Public-Private workshop. Partnerships); and Mr. Bimal Koirala (Thematic Group on Trade Facilitation and Mr. Lakshmanan, Ms. U. Subramanian and Customs). Ms. G. Stevens deserve special thanks for making the deliberations of the workshop We would like to thank our ESCAP available to a wider audience through these partners, Messrs. M. Rahmatullah and proceedings. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Bangkok Workshop: Objective list of participants is presented in Part II of this Report. The main objective of the Workshop was to provide a forum at which key government 1.2 Scope of the Report and private sector representatives of South Asian countries might review global This report presents an overview of the experiences in transportation and regional discussions held at the workshop. It does trade arrangements, discuss transportation not attempt to elaborate on the entire and trade facilitation issues within South content of the presentations. Instead, it Asia, and identify the principal bottlenecks presents highlights of the international case and constraints encountered in the studies and thematic presentations and the movement of commodities within and discussions that followed. In particular, it outside the region. focuses on the recommendations made by the participants regarding three key International experts presented papers on thematic areas: global experiences in the area of transportation, logistics and regional trading · Trade Facilitation and Customs Reform groups (such as the Mercosur, NAFTA, Southern African countries) as well as on · Transportation Corridors and Operations regional transportation networks, trade facilitation, and customs reform. Case · Public/Private Partnerships in Transpor- studies with potential relevance for South tation and Logistics Improvement Asia were included. These recommendations provide the basis Senior delegates of the government and for subsequent activities under the South private sectors from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Asia Regional Initiative on Transportation India and Nepal participated in the Integration. Most immediately, they workshop. The key ministries/departments include a series of national Consultative represented included transportation, Meetings to disseminate the findings of the shipping, commerce, industry, customs and workshop to a larger audience and discuss finance. Private sector participants its recommendations to identify key areas represented chambers of commerce, freight for follow up activities. The detailed papers forwarders' associations, truckers and presented at the workshop are available on associations, and other industries involved the World Bank internet site. in transportation and trade facilitation. The (http://www.lite.worldbank.org/fpsi/infra/tr -facil/present.htm) 2. TOWARD A STRATEGIC VIEW OF TRANSPORTATION AND TRANSIT FACILITATION The Workshop was opened by Mr. by its capacity to participate in the global Adrianus Mooy, Under-Secretary-General production system characterized by exten- of the United Nations and Executive sive outsourcing, `just-in-time' deliveries, Secretary of ESCAP and Ms. Frannie and the ever-more common shipment of Leautier, Sector Director, World Bank, semi-manufactured goods, spare parts and who presented strategic views of final goods between production and transportation and transit facilitation. Mr. assembly centers scattered across the Mooy viewed the current globalization globe. trend as an opportunity for the South Asian economies to promote greater economic To meet this challenge, South Asian integration and rapid growth through economies need to develop a regional improved transportation and communi- transportation and transit system that offers cations. Technical advances in these areas, efficient transportation options and low he noted, are continually driving down unit `transaction costs'that are competitive with costs, shrinking distances, making possible those found elsewhere. She outlined the new types of logistical and information elements of a strategic view of transpor- services, and rapidly expanding flows of tation and transit facilitation that takes goods, services, finance, and factors of these evolving pressures and challenges production, all of which in turn lead to into account. The elements are guiding wealth creation in the region. values, enabling processes and objectives to direct regional transportation and transit In her keynote address to the workshop, facilitation. The speed at which countries Ms. Frannie Leautier, Sector Director of the are becoming urbanized is also related to South Asia Infrastructure Unit of the World the process of regional trade and transpor- Bank, continued and elaborated on the tation. The competitive edge of countries is theme of one world linked by affected not only by the efficiency of its transportation and communications, by transportation and transit systems, but also markets and trade, and by resources and by the efficiency of the cities and services finance. Economic performance of a they offer to potential manufacturers and country, she continued, is increasingly traders. The quality of city management is shaped by both technological advances and a critical factor in a globalized world, she added. Towards a Strategic View of Transportation and Transit Facilitation Box 1 A. World Trends and Trade and Transportation Challenges 1. Recent technical advances and institutional innovations in transportation and communications are shrinking distances, eroding time and borders and creating a knowledge-rich global production system. 2. Global markets with extensive outsourcing and `just-in-time'deliveries are increasing demand for `on-time' shipments of semi-manufactured products, components, spare parts, and final goods between production and assembly centers scattered over the globe. 3. As the `half life'of many new products becomes shorter and shorter and the spatial distribution of supply and demand points changes rapidly in such a system, what is transported, how it is transported, and to where and from where, are all rapidly changing. 4. Wealth generation is becoming increasingly tied to the capacity to participate in this emerging 'Knowledge Society' and global production and trading system. The price of admission for a country or region to this dynamic global system is a transportation and transit system that offers an exporter short time spans between order and delivery, and predictable and reliable deliveries. In order to be plugged into this wealth-creating machine, South Asian economies must develop a transportation and transit facilitation system that will greatly reduce current physical and non-physical barriers to transportation and transit-- by means of both physical infrastructure (such as multi-modal corridors and terminals) and non-physical infrastructure (reformed policies and procedures, regulations, and incentives for efficient transportation and transit). Box 2 B. Regional Actions to Address Challenges 1. Systemic, holistic approaches to transportation and transit facilitation: focus and improve the entire supply chain networks. 2. Develop multi-modal corridors and terminals, and efficient transit processes. 3. Technology development and capacity building. 4. More inclusive stakeholder participation: partnerships and `coalitions of resources'among national, sub- national governments, private sector and (potentially) civil society. 5. Liberalization and deregulation of the transportation systems. 6. Learn from and apply to local conditions the experience gathered in other regions of the world. 3. EXCHANGE OF GLOBAL EXPERIENCES While transportation and transit facilitation Port--is not only a showcase of the sophis- issues have definite country-specific ticated capabilities of the world's largest characteristics deriving from regional social port, but also reveals a dynamic strategic and cultural values, historical factors, and institution that scans the economic institutional aspects, the workshop environment for future-shaping factors, participants saw the value of learning from develops appropriate infrastructure, experience already accumulated within the including the complementary information region and in other regions of the world. In technologies, reinvents its freight handling recent decades, North America, Europe and procedures, engages in hinterland-building other large trading regions have developed activities, and offers new value-adding efficient transportation systems and cross- services to its customers. border goods flows in support of the evolving global trading system. In the 3.1 NAFTA process, valuable knowledge about transportation and infrastructure techno- Mr. T.R. Lakshmanan presented the first logies, logistical services, systemic case study. He surveyed the trade and improvements in the entire supply chain transportation integration experiences of the network, and efficient customs processing North American Free Trade Agreement has been gained in those countries. [e1](NAFTA), with an eye for its lessons for the Asian region. Created in 1994, NAFTA Lessons from international experience were includes the United States, the largest drawn from five case studies of major trading nation, and its two heavily trading transportation and transit integration in quite neighbors, Canada, and Mexico, with a total different contexts: North American Free population of 393 million and a GDP of US Trade Association (NAFTA); Southern $ 8,622 billion in 1998. He noted that the Africa Transportation and Communication current high volumes of trade in North Commission (SATCC); Southern African America are not the outcome of a single `Development Corridors;' Mercosur, the trade agreement but are a culmination of a South American customs union; and three-decade-long evolutionary process of Rotterdam Port. trade liberalization. Pre-NAFTA arrange- ments for tariff-free goods movement within The first four case studies focus on the one sector (automobiles) between Canada evolution and the current status of trade and and the US, and within designated border transportation integration in trading blocks states between Mexico and the US (the in different parts of the Americas and Maquiladora system) had promoted Africa. The fifth case study--the Rotterdam industrial complexes that span the Canadian- Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation US and the US-Mexican borders. This has c. barriers resulting from non- resulted in mutually beneficial intra- transportation policies, such as the industry trade of high value-added goods. interdiction of drugs, illegal Among the lessons learned from this case is immigrants, and pests; and that the benefits of integration can take time but are sufficiently important to warrant d. insufficient state-level resources for immediate action. Consonant border inspection. complementary policies in transportation deregulation and privatization in the last Mr. Lakshmanan described the passage to decade or more have helped to further lower full transportation integration as an trade barriers. The thrust of NAFTA was to evolutionary process that requires that remove as many as possible of the countries be patient, pay attention to details, remaining barriers to the cross-border tinker at the edges, and alertly seize movement of goods, and expand and extend opportunities for technological and trade relationships that were already well organizational reform. established. He concluded by noting that factors that Mr. Lakshmanan underscored the fact that, cause delays at borders not only increase despite the favorable history leading up to transportation costs but, more importantly, NAFTA and the elimination of tariffs and make it impossible to reap the economy- administrative non-tariff barriers, the cross- wide productivity benefits associated with border movement of goods is still not `truly the timely and rapid delivery of goods. free' given that it incurs additional procedural, time and monetary costs 3.2 Southern African Development compared to intra-country freight Community transportation. Such barriers derive from several sources: Mr. Smak Kaombwe presented the second case study. He highlighted the history and a. residual economic regulation, ongoing efforts of the Southern African especially in the form of cabotage Development Community (SADC) to rules and restrictions on the movement promote trade and transportation integration of certain goods and on specific and facilitation. SADC is an association of modes of transportation, increase the 14 countries whose goal is to achieve cost of cross-border movement; economic and social development and regional integration. In 1998, it encom- b. lack of harmonization of technical passed a land area of nine million square standards such as truck size and weight km. and a population of 180 million regulations increases cross-border residents. movement costs; and the complexity of these regulations defies quick or easy Mr. Kaombwe set the stage for a discussion solutions; of the current status and major issues of the Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation regional transportation system by present- Transportation Protocol. He depicted the ing an overview of the historical, political main traditional transportation corridors as and economic background of SADC. In a the axes along which transportation region where GDP and intra-region trade is activities are being revitalized to enhance expected to grow between 3.6 percent and transportation efficiency, promote intra- 6.8 percent, Mr. Kaombwe noted that the regional trade, and increase regional limited extent and neglected maintenance of cooperation and integration. Mr. von Klaudy the physical infrastructure, as well as the outlined the concept of `development policy, institutional and organizational corridors'in which transportation improve- impediments of the transportation system, ment is used as a tool to create integrated required serious attention. He reviewed the regional development that enhances policy context of reforms, which has been manufacturing, resources, services, and defined in a SADC Transportation Protocol, infrastructure with strong linkages to the and detailed a range of policy measures and local economies. In this context, he concrete investments that have been agreed described the history and progress in the upon as necessary to drive the reform Maputo Corridor and highlighted its initial process forward. He also made a plea for elements such as a cross-border private toll strategic transportation systems develop- road, and proposed private sector ment with improved planning tools based on participation in port and rail development. the development of models, databases, and multiple criteria for project selection. 3.4 Mercosur Finally, he assessed the status of implemen- tation of the reform processes needed to Mr. Ron Kopicki presented the fourth case support an improved and efficient regional study, in which he provided a preliminary transportation and trade system. assessment of the capacity of the current transportation infrastructure to support the 3.3 Maputo Corridor efficiency of supply chains in Mercosur, the South American customs union established In the third case study, Mr. Stephan von in 1991. Mercosur aims to reduce and Klaudy focused on the concept of eventually eliminate internal tariffs and `development corridors' and its application establish common external tariffs. Its and progress in the Maputo Corridor. This members include Argentina, Brazil, is the most advanced development corridor Paraguay, and Uruguay. Chile and Bolivia to date in Africa and is located in the were recently admitted as Associate Southern African Development Community Members. Since intra-regional trade has (SADC). Mr. von Klaudy's presentation more than doubled and exports to non- began with a summary of the political and Mercosur countries have climbed by over economic context in which the regional 60 percent in six years, the adequacy and trade and transportation policies are being efficiency of transportation system to sustain fashioned in Southern Africa. He then continued growth of trade are of great described the scope of the SADC interest. Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation Mr. Kopicki reviewed the current capacity endowed with sophisticated cargo-handling and limitations of the dominant mode of capacity, Rotterdam is the main port in motor transportation as well as those of rail, Europe. and inland waterways in support of region- wide supply chain management. In this He noted that the port management is context, he detailed physical and non- cognizant of and preparing itself for physical constraints to regional trade and emerging trends in trade and development. transportation integration, e.g., different Shipments are shifting from large to small, gauge railroads, non-standardized codes and from irregular to regular frequency, from pallet sizes, excessive inspection and concentrated to dispersed destinations, from documentation requirements. Mr. Kopicki long to short order times, and from large to offered an example of a global corporation's small inventories. In this context, he gains as it rationalized its production and outlined the strategic developments in distribution operations over an entire Rotterdam's multi-modal transportation supranational trading area. Engaging in system and the concept of `district parks'. high value-added production, Kodak The latter offers distribution companies a replaced its nation-specific supply chains by variety of transportation-related (low cost, an efficient and information-rich region- just-in-time delivery) services and value- wide warehousing and thereby lowered added services. Given that about ten percent inventory costs and taxes. of the port's cargo stays temporarily in district parks in the Netherlands, value can 3.5 Rotterdam Port be added by customers through these district park services, leading to more traffic Mr. Lou Bracco Gartner presented the last to Europe. Finally, Mr. Bracco Gartner case study on the port of Rotterdam as an described other strategic activities such as example of not only as the world's largest training (of staff members of ports and cargo handler but also a dynamic transpor- stevedoring companies), port management tation system that is locating itself and consulting activities that Rotterdam strategically in the emerging knowledge-rich conducts in 40 countries. global production and trading society. In doing so, it is developing the appropriate A productive discussion followed the technology and physical infrastructure, presentation of the five case studies, as engaging in regulatory reform and privati- workshop participants gleaned lessons zation to promote efficient transit facilitation applicable to their situations. The major processes, and creating new services in conclusions from this and later sessions are support of current and emerging markets. contained in the framework of the broad Centrally located in Europe and accessible lessons to be drawn from the workshop in to 350 million customers via inter-modal rail Section (5) below. It is useful, however, to shuttles, excellent roads, extensive inland highlight some valuable comments that waterway fleet, frequent feeder ship services emerged from the exchanges below. to 110 ports within the European area and Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation One participant, who noted that a common supporting activities need to go hand in hand feature of NAFTA and SADC is the for successful transportation and transit presence of one dominant economy (USA integration to occur: investments in key and South Africa, respectively), inquired corridors, integration and harmonization of about the political and economic stresses in transportation and transit, and helpful initial such a situation. Since all countries (big and conditions such as regulatory reform and small) in NAFTA appear to realize gains liberalization. Finally, the group learned from the high value-added trade across about the innovative ways in which border-spanning industrial complexes, the Rotterdam organizes its hinterland markets situation was described as stable and further and functions and develops financial part- helped by the patient, collaborative working nerships with domestic and foreign banks out of details of relevant problems and and transportation companies to make impediments among the three countries. strategic investments for future markets for Another clarification made in response to a Rotterdam. participant's question was that several 4. CRITICAL ISSUES IN TRANSPORTATION AND TRANSIT FACILITATION 4.1 The South Asian Case Third, public/private partnerships play a Drawing upon the critical lessons gleaned critical role in the process of developing from the case studies, Ms. Uma physical infrastructure and non-physical Subramanian outlined the transportation infrastructure (e.g., regulations, procedures issues and options confronting South Asia. and policies). Noting that public/private She extracted three broad themes from the partnerships are needed to address a variety global case studies that can provide strategic of coordination, investment mobilization, guidance to South Asian transportation and social challenges, she saw the coalition policy formation. of policymakers and the business commu- nity as creating the conditions for building First, she pointed to the need for a regional the knowledge base and competencies to strategic vision/framework to ensure support an efficient transportation and effective and efficient corridors by transit system. highlighting the criteria for corridor selection and the variety of transportation Two presentations of the business perspec- options for consideration. Second, in a tive on the key issues and options in the region where the transportation and transit transportation and transit situation in South indicators suggest a weakly performing Asia followed. Mr. R.B. Raunier, Managing system, regulatory and procedural problems Director of Interstate Multi-modal and constraints are even more critical than Transportation Limited, offered the physical infrastructure deficiencies. Nepalese perspective and a comprehensive list of physical, procedural, regulatory, and The former problems, such as the lack of coordination barriers that impose delays and harmonization of technical standards, costs on regional multi-modal freight excessive documentation requirements, and carriers. He called for adequate multi- inefficient customs procedures impose modal links and terminals, implementation transit delays and transaction costs that of EDI and other information technologies, make the regional transportation and transit region-wide standardization and harmoni- system less competitive than those in other zation of documentation and inspection world regions. She offered a variety of procedures, risk reduction initiatives, and options to reform and revitalize the present improvement of the capability of the system. transportation labor force. Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation Mr. Sengupta, Managing Director of I-WIN, said that the evolutionary passage to free introduced the workshop participants to an trade from the liberalization programs, innovative experiment in public/private which began during the last decade in South partnership in an infrastructure corridor Asia will take time. He noted that the development in West Bengal. The ICICI- Canadian decision to get access to the West Bengal Infrastructure Development world's largest (US) market was not easy Corporation. Limited (I-WIN) is developing but was made (in spite of the strong political a 600 km. north-south multi-modal corridor resistances) to gain the productivity benefits intended to provide transportation of the larger economy. connectivity and stimulate economic development within South Asia. It is Lowering and simplifying tariffs in Sri primarily an expressway with suitable links Lanka has led to new export markets for to canals, railroads, and inter-modal bicycle frames, dry cell batteries, and razors. terminals--additionally there is an optic fiber Such developments, he noted, will generate network to serve as the basis of an momentum for continued liberalization. Information Superhighway. Responding to the discussion, Ms. Subramanian made a plea for a strategic Mr. Tom Maxwell explored the various view of corridor development, and for impediments to export activity in what he arriving at criteria for selecting develop- described as a traditionally inward-looking ment possibilities that enhance sub-regional South Asia. The region is relatively new to interests. liberalization, to reduction or simplification of tariffs and to offering strong export 4.2 Legal and Institutional Framework incentives. As the large export markets in North America and Europe now demand Mr. Rahmatullah described seven inter- short order, predictable, and on-time national conventions that lower the barriers deliveries, the physical delays and the to international movements of goods and transaction-intensive procedures for vehicles over land. These conventions, documentation, inspection, and customs forged over five decades of European clearance severely handicap South Asian experience, facilitated international road exporters as compared with the competition traffic, increased road safety, standardized in Eastern Europe and elsewhere. Mr. road signing and markings, simplified and Maxwell pointed out the notable exception harmonized border administrative formali- of the Indian software industry that ties and control of goods, permitted the generates an intangible product with a short temporary importation of commercial `half-life' and escapes the debilitating vehicles, and facilitated the international procedures. road carriage of containers and freight, thereby enabling signatory countries to The South Asian presentations generated a participate in the international production productive discussion. Clarifying his notion and trading system. He noted that the of an `inward-looking'region, Mr. Maxwell Economic and Social Commission for Asia Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation and the Pacific (ESCAP) recommends encouraged the countries to utilize interna- similar conventions for Asian countries in tional organizations in the area of customs view of the many advantages he felt they standards, and to engage in regional entailed. Finally, he provided a summary of cooperation. Reviewing a Peruvian case the next steps the countries may wish to study of a five-year customs modernization consider taking to accelerate their progress effort that doubled imports and quadrupled toward adopting these conventions. collections while reducing cargo release times (from 30 to 1-2 days) while reducing Mr. Michael Lane provided a provocative staff by 30 percent, Mr. Lane contrasted view of how an old function (and associated traditional and modern customs practices in processes), such as customs, can be detail. reinvented to become an efficient performer in the transportation and transit facilitation Mr. Barry Cable described the ESCAP system. This can be done, he noted, by Multi-modal Framework Agreement, taking advantage of new information concluded among ASEAN nations, as a technologies, and new management possible basis for harmonized upgrading of approaches that emphasize outcomes, national multi-modal transportation legis- performance measurement, risk management lation, and qualifications for operators of and other knowledge technologies. At a cross-border multi-modal transportation in time when cross-border movements of the participating countries. In view of the goods and people are growing exponentially role and importance of multi-modal in size and complexity, while businesses transportation in enhancing international demand faster clearances, and governments market access, reducing costs, and require more protection from transnational facilitating trade, he noted the need for crime, the challenge to customs, according adequate legal and regulatory protection for to Mr. Lane, is to develop a new paradigm private transportation operators. He also and reengineer itself into an agency that pointed to the need to adopt appropriate facilitates both efficient goods flow and harmonized supporting legislation, which is compliance with all laws. For this purpose, crucial to the efficient operation of logistical he encouraged customs agencies to clarify providers. Mr. Cable highlighted the and define missions, introduce enabling essential role of human resources develop- processes, require accountability and ment and ESCAP's experience in helping conform to measures of customs develop human capital in the private and performance. public sectors through the delivery of seminars, workshops and advisory services. The key to success is for customs to become His view was that, in many countries, the an information-based organization replacing transitional upgrading of the freight transactions and manual processing with forwarding industry to the status of a multi- information, risk management, and actions modal operator can be an indigenous source based on data analysis and knowledge. In of necessary competencies. He concluded improving customs performance, he with an integrated approach to the further Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation development of multi-modal transportation, 4.3 Integrated Approaches to Transit including legislative, regulatory and human Facilitation capital priorities. Mr. Ron Kopicki explored the role of In the discussion that followed, Mr. Lane government in fostering the development of and two participants noted that the creation efficient supply chains, which determine of an enabling environment for the free flow access to global markets and characterize of human resources in support of multi- what he called `high quality service modal transportation operations in the economies.' Supply chains link buyers and ASEAN or South Asian regions is pending sellers of goods via a vast array of the resolution of issues related to restric- intermediaries--wholesalers, brokers, trans- tions on the use of labor in another country. porters, owners/managers of warehouses, Responding to a query, Mr. Lane drew on and freight forwarders--who act jointly to his experience in Peru and elsewhere to increase goods flow through the supply express his reservations about the pre- network, reduce costs, enhance capital shipment inspection process currently in turnover, and increase process productivity practice. He reiterated that, in the interests within the supply channels. An economy of enhancing efficiency with transparency, that has invested in broadly distributed customs staff salaries should be increased to competence within its supply chains and in a both attract competent personnel to this `pro-service' culture, has acquired systems increasingly knowledge-intensive activity and institutions that are flexible and agile in and discourage corruption. responding to customers' changing needs with lower logistical costs. He argued that Mr. Rahmatullah described to the group the such a `high service environment' has the uniform legal system created by interna- attributes of a public good. Since supply tional conventions for rail and water chains are built on foundations that are transportation and the technical harmoniza- significantly determined by government tion possible through the adoption of policy, regulations, and investment, there is common standards and technical operating a role for governments to create conditions rules. Prompted by a question, he described under which pro-service efficient supply the current status of the Asian Highway in chains can emerge in developing countries. the South East Asian region. Responding to He viewed the governmental role in this a query on risk coverage for multi-modal regard as consisting of: operators and freight forwarders, Mr. Barry Cable described approaches such as risk a. defining and enforcing the rules that pooling, revolving insurance funds, and the allow buy/sell/deliver transactions to be qualification and certification of multi- completed at a minimum cost; modal transportation operators. Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation b. creating a commercial environment in administration responsiveness to the needs of which competition is based on logistics an international `just-in-time'system, increase innovation and diverse forms of service the time and cost of the export transaction and (fostering competition on this basis leads handicap the region's export competitiveness. to progressive reduction of logistics costs Further, he noted that the state of container and creates incentives for third party risk logistics lowers the region's access to the arbitrage); economies and revenues generated by the growing group of `non-vessel-operating- c. improving distribution network connec- common-carriers.' Such carriers provide tivity through the development of inter- physical and financial control of freight modal transportation service, logistical services, secure economies of scale and scope information services, and investment in for their multi-national clients, and generate a micro-infrastructure related to transit much larger share of export-related facilities; and transportation and insurance revenues for exporters. d. creating orderly and enforceable mecha- nisms to finance inventories, securitize Finally, Mr. de Castro linked the inadequate trade, and share transaction risks. quality of the region's container logistics to its high cost of logistics and the high CIF (Cost Mr. Carlos F. de Castro examined the Insurance and Freight) share of non-factor relationship between the nature and quality of services. He documented meticulously his a country's container logistics, on the one conclusions from his many logistics studies in hand, and its export competitiveness, export Pakistan and Nepal, contrasting those service revenues, and level of logistics costs experiences with those in the Philippines, on the other. In international trade logistics, a Rwanda, and Burkina Faso. Reacting to a container serves as a tool to unitize a load of query about the proper phasing of policy steps traded goods and move it from origin to in building an efficient integrated process to destination by means of a network of transportation and transit facilitation, Mr. supporting facilities and services. Yet Kopicki compared such a process to `draining containerization, which is ubiquitous in a swamp.' That implies patient efforts at Europe, North America, and Japan, is poorly reforming rules, regulations and incentives so developed in South Asia, where it has failed to as to support efficient transportation and penetrate domestic and regional trade--the transit facilitation, alert monitoring of changes life-lines of international trade--to any and redesign in the light of feedback, and significant extent. plain attention to details and adaptation to the local context. Another suggestion made during He pointed out that the lack of regional the discussion was a plea for the systematic penetration, particularly in the land-locked liberalization of the regional insurance countries (where only 30 percent of industry (in the light of relevant international production for exports in South Asia is conventions) in order to expand risk coverage containerized), coupled with rudimentary for the full range of activities involved in container support facilities and poor public transportation and transit facilitation. 5. TRANSPORTATION AND TRANSIT FACILITATION: KNOWLEDGE GAINED AND NEXT STEPS FOR SOUTH ASIA The valuable knowledge about transpor- and mutual stimulus of these interactions, tation and transit facilitation gained from the the fellowship resulting from the recognition workshop presentations and discussions of shared problems and frustrations, and the was further enriched by the interactive intellectual process by which dominant deliberations of all participants (from the issues were framed and immediate and sub-regional public and private sectors, longer-term actions agreed upon. international agencies, and the academic sector) organized into three breakout What follows is necessarily a selective sessions. The breakout groups were invited summary of the deliberations of these to discuss the issues raised at the workshop breakout sessions and the concluding in the South Asian context in three thematic session, arranged in two parts. First, the areas: emergent consensus in each breakout session on the key issues and the action a. Trade facilitation and customs steps relevant to the theme is reviewed below, taking into account the many b. Transportation corridors and operations amplifications and suggestions made during the sessions. Second, this report concludes c. Creation of an environment for effective with a summary of the overall value of the private/public partnership in transpor- workshop in the form of gains in technical tation and logistics improvements. knowledge (or know-how) and knowledge about the attributes of an efficient Each group was to: 1) identify priorities for transportation and transit facilitation attention; 2) define medium and long term process, and the next steps for sub-regional actions needed; and 3) specify immediate action. actions needed. 5.1 The Challenge of Trade Facilitation Clearly energized by the workshop, where and Customs Reform fresh perspectives and technical and organizational knowledge underlying There was a general agreement that the efficient transportation and transit cross-border movement of goods in the facilitation were presented and discussed, region was hampered by a number of the breakout session participants undertook physical and non-physical barriers. The collaborative explorations of their thematic group focused on the more pressing areas as applied to South Asia. It would be impediments, which it classified in four a futile effort to capture here the richness groups: Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation · Administrative Procedural efficient public and private enterprises. Ineffi-ciencies Developing professionalism and institut- The governmental procedures involved ing pay increases (to promote motivation in revenue collection (e.g., customs and lower corruption) were considered duties, import fees), agricultural and necessary. veterinary inspections, and the cumber- some and time-consuming documen- · Other Issues. tation requirements in the region were These include the restrictions on cross- described as imposing additional and border travel by trucks, poor super- excessive transit costs on business vision and monitoring of cross-border enterprises. The excessive paperwork, trade, and customs clearance practices. multiple layers of decisions, lack of procedural transparency, and incohe- In light of the above discussions, the rence of procedures in the region, were breakout groups identified a variety of described as adversely affecting its actions aimed at combating the deficiencies goods movement efficiency and in the trade facilitation process. First, the competitiveness. participants proposed immediate actions-- some of these described as `plucking the · Infrastructure Inadequacies low-hanging fruit.' Immediate action One type of inadequacy discussed by the proposals included: group pertains to lack of investment in micro-infrastructure--the poorly deve- · simplification of documentation and loped physical facilities (handling, clearance procedures; parking, storage, etc.) in customs areas --leading to delays in customs clearance. · harmonization of tariff restrictions, and The second type of inadequacy derives customs clearance, from lack of regional investment in information technologies (EDI, data · potential for `one stop service,' bases, automated clearance systems) which would vastly improve the speed of · Motivation of public/private partner- cross-border inspections, shipping, and ships and `national committees'in the banking. service of cross- border trade; · Knowledge and Competency Shortfalls · professional training of customs Many participants noted that the process officials, multi-modal operators, etc. of trade facilitation and customs management is knowledge- and human Second, the group offered medium- and capital-intensive. The workforce must long-term action proposals to develop a acquire the knowledge of what is good strategic plan for customs reform, based on a practice as well as the competencies to national assessment of customs perfor- implement what is desired to support mance, in collaboration with the private Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation trade and transportation community; of transportation corridors, and environ- standardize documentation and procedural mental sustainability, the group arrived at requirements based on international best the following corridor selection criteria: practice; establish joint offices for customs and cross-border goods processing; and · Cost-effective access to sea/final introduce risk analysis and lower sample destination checking. · Fostering economic activities The group supplemented its action proposals with a discussion of implementation issues, · Realization of development potential and stressed the need for a strategic plan to guide action plans. · Potential for lower transit costs based on present and expected future traffic 5.2 Transportation Corridors and flows Operations · Environmental sustainability/public The second breakout session viewed the health South Asian sub-region as an integrated entity for the reduction of logistical · Spatial development constraints, in particular the physical constraints of potentially cost-effective · Population and social development corridors linking neighboring countries. considerations Such constraints are numerous. The preva- lence of different gauges in the rail system, physical bottlenecks in road networks (e.g., · Flexibility or/and choice: Need for missing links, narrow bridges, ferry alternative options/routes crossings) and poor maintenance, inadequate dredging, lighting and positioning of The group proceeded to identify a time- navigation aids leading to inefficient inland phased program of the next steps towards waterway services, and deficient trans- regional transportation corridors. In the shipment/storage and container facilities to short term, the recommendation, based on serve transit traffic at main border points. the agreed criteria, was to identify gaps, constraints and needs for further improve- The group decided that the first priority was ment of the existing transportation links and to agree on a comprehensive list of criteria to initiate action to remedy the situation. The that would make it possible to chose pre- suggestion was offered that advantage ferred corridors from a regional perspective. should be taken of the studies already After productive discussions on issues carried out in this regard. The `next steps' related to trade facilitation, transportation suggested for the medium term were to and transit efficiency, strategic development accelerate work on the development of the flexibility, development-enhancing potential agreed upon corridors--rail, road, and waterways, and multi-modal-- and take Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation advantage of international conventions to Emerging from an era of limited (if any) address regulatory and operational weak- participation in transportation policy forma- nesses at critical corridor nodes (such as tion and a highly circumscribed role in ports and border crossing points), and at transportation service provision, the private sites of multi-modal transportation activities. sector in the region recently has become an increasingly important stakeholder. In that The group also recommended a long-term capacity, it provides consultation and inputs action agenda consisting in: in formal institutional settings where policy is determined and, in today's liberalizing · developing a sub-regional transpor- context, takes on new responsibilities in tation network on the basis of the transportation service provision. Many existing and potential future trade flows, examples of such success stories in costs of logistics, and investment consultation with project partnerships were requirements. offered from Bangladesh (private sector development of BOT/BOO road links and · broadening the composition of the ports), Bhutan (transportation investment stakeholder constituency and institu- and operation), India (private airport tionalizing the consultation of development and operation), and Nepal stakeholders, which act as an inter- (private inland container depots). country steering group to guide the organization conducting the studies. While celebrating this progress, the participants proceeded to an exploration of · establishing suitable mechanisms to the challenges ahead in moving the process coordinate the work of the regional in the region towards an environment that bodies, multi-lateral and bilateral can offer policies, incentives, and agencies, chambers of commerce, organizational arrangements to support transportation sector professional asso- private/public partnerships in the creation of ciations, and non-governmental research world-class transportation and logistical institutions. systems. The issues discussed ranged from the immediate and practical, to the medium- 5.3 Sustaining Public/Private Partner- term issues of redefining the role of the ships in Transportation and Logistics government in transportation and transit Improvements facilitation and of the evolving public `mind set'on transportation privatization. The focus of the third breakout group was to understand how a vibrant environment for The many practical issues requiring effective private and public partnerships in immediate attention include: the reduction transportation and logistics improvements of the regulatory burden on the can be created and sustained in the South transportation industries; the lack of Asian sub-region. consultation with the private sector in concluding multi-lateral and bilateral Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation agreements/treaties that have far-reaching develop efficient trade and transportation effects on private sector costs and on the systems. The role of government, which competitiveness of transportation corridors; builds on its institutional strength, is that of the need for refining the framework and facilitator of transportation and transit incentives for private participation and activities, while unleashing the strengths of attracting needed investment in a broader the private sector as an investor, operator range of transportation construction, and a user. New partnerships are needed in operation, and management projects, and the this economy to address a variety of need for regional sharing of existing coordination, investment mobilization, and knowledge about various modes of `public interest' problems in the emerging private/public sector co-financing, risk global environment. sharing, and joint sponsorship of transportation projects. The coordination and mobilization roles of the government are important in supporting Aside from the above immediate practical new forms of market facilitation, introduc- issues, the group noted that the ambiance ing effective regulatory regimes, promoting surrounding regional trade and transpor- stakeholder partnerships and `coalitions of tation discussions could be greatly improved resources,' and developing policies that in two ways. First, a coherent `vision' for foster the acquisition and use of knowledge the development of a Common South Asia for creating an efficient and dynamic Market is still missing, as is the develop- transportation and transit system. The ment of a unified institutional platform in counterpart private transportation operators the private sector from which to advocate in that redefined context would become and promote this vision. Second, the need dynamic partners in this knowledge-based for the development of region-wide development process, offering transpor- strategies to uncouple politics from business tation services that are competitive in in order to promote private/public quality, variety, and price. Clearly, the partnerships was recognized. group saw the evolution of such redefined roles as taking place in the medium term. The group acknowledged that in the uncertain world of rapid technological 5.4 Value of the Workshop change and an evolving knowledge economy, the need to redefine the roles of As the workshop drew to a close, Ms. the government and the private sector in Leautier and Mr. Rahmatullah reflected on transportation and trade activities is crucial. the entirety of workshop presentations, If the critical resource for economic discussions, and exchanges and the informal empowerment in this economy is knowledge interactions among the participants in and its application, South Asian societies Bangkok. They presented their inferences will need to build new partnerships and the as a concluding presentation that identified social capacity for building, acquiring, and the value of the workshop and the next steps using that knowledge base creatively to agreed upon among the participants. Regional Technical Workshop on Transportation and Transit Facilitation The thrust of the Bangkok workshop was to existing patterns of trade and transpor- promote in South Asia the awareness, tation, while recognizing the potential for acquisition, and use of knowledge and the future; competencies underlying efficient transpor- tation and transit facilitation systems in the · the recognition that in this knowledge- world. It was clear that the workshop format intensive process of transportation and of exchanging information at a sub-regional transit facilitation, there is the need to level and tapping into international experience combine national and sub-regional was a low-cost approach to acquire and adapt dialogue with objective information and to the local context such valuable knowledge-- analysis. about transportation infrastructure and information technologies that allow high 5.5 Next Steps physical connectivity at low cost, and about new organizational knowledge in the form of The participants agreed to the following next reformed procedures, regulations and policies steps: that support efficient cross-border flow of goods. · to continue and build on the knowledge acquisition and sharing process begun at It was generally acknowledged that the the Bangkok workshop in several ways: acquisition and creative use of such knowledge and competencies in the service of a. support national level dialogue to the transportation and transit system would share the findings from this workshop; make it possible for regional enterprises to participate in the global production and b. share broadly the findings from other trading system on competitive terms, help in studies and research work; and the creation of a modern and dynamic regional economic structure, and economically c. support regional fora similar to the empower the region to greater prosperity. The Bangkok workshop jointly with group understood that such a knowledge- representatives from the countries in intensive economic evolution would require a the region and agencies; new `mind set'on the redefined role of public and private sectors, and on the `regional · ensure that the next steps chosen for views'on issues. implementation from among those agreed upon at the Workshop are included in the Three other noteworthy developments at the ongoing national program and activities; workshop were: · to continue and build on the momentum · agreement among participants in the created at the Workshop by the successful breakout groups to continue and enhance experience of private and public the dialogue in their own countries; (stakeholder) collaboration in the transportation sector. · the identification of short-term, medium- term and long-term priorities that build on WORLD BANK/ESCAP REGIONAL TECHNICAL WORKSHOP ON TRANSPORT AND TRANSIT FACILITATION BANGKOK, 19 ­ 21 APRIL, 1999 List of Participants COUNTRIES & NAMES OF PARTICIPANTS COORDINATES AGENCIES Mr. Saiful Islam Tel: 880-2-868033 BANGLADESH Secretary Fax: 880-2-861388, 868122 Ministry of Shipping, Dhaka, Bangladesh Mr. Atikul Husain Khan Tel: 880-2-9561200 Director General Fax: 880-2-9563413 Bangladesh Railway Dhaka, Bangladesh Mr. Muhammad Abdul Quasem Tel: 880-2-865190 Joint Secretary, (Development) Fax: 880-2-866636 Road and Railway Division Ministry of Communications Dhaka, Bangladesh Mr. Khwajah Abdur Rahman Tel: 880-2-814351 Joint Secretary (Asia) Fax: 880-2-813088 Economic Relations Division Ministry of Finance Dhaka, Bangladesh Mr. Kazi Anwar Husain, Member (VAT) Tel: 880-2-831327 National Board of Revenue Fax: 880-2-836143 Ministry of Finance Dhaka, Bangladesh Mr. Mohammed Ali Rashid, Member Tel: 880-2-834542 Bangladesh Tariff Commission Fax: 880-2-835685 Ministry of Finance Dhaka, Bangladesh COUNTRIES & AGENCIES NAMES OF PARTICIPANTS COORDINATES Mr. Fakhrul Ahsan Tel: 880-2-9119617 BANGLADESH Deputy Chief Fax: 880-2-813088 (CONTD.) Economic Relations Division, and Project Director IDF Grant for Regional Initiative Ministry of Finance Dhaka, Bangladesh Mr. A.J.M. Enamul Islam, Member Tel: 880-2-9563641 Federation of Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce Fax: 880-2-9551195 and Industry Dhaka, Bangladesh Mr. A. K. D. Mohammad Khan Tel: 880-2-869521-4, 865895-8 Managing Director Fax: 880-2-868861-2 Bangladesh Bulk Maritime Ltd. Dhaka, Bangladesh Mr. Aminur Rashid Khan, Chairman Tel: 880-2-9551657, 9565471 East-West Marine (pvt) Ltd. Fax: 880-2-9563961 Dhaka, Bangladesh Mr. Dasho Yeshi Tshering, Director Tel: (975) 2 321282 BHUTAN Road Safety and Surface Transport Authority Fax : (975) 2 321281 Thimphu, Bhutan Mr. Kunzang Norbu, Regional Director Tel : (975) 2 323334/325622 Regional Trade and Industry Office Fax : (975) 2 321338 Ministry of Trade and Industry Thimphu, Bhutan Mr. Tenzin Choeda, Regional Director Tel : (975) 7 251018 Regional trade and Industry Office, S/Jongkha Fax : (975)7 251219 Bhutan Mr. Rizin Dorji, Regional Director Tel: (975) 6 251083 Regional Trade and Industry Office Gelephu, P/ling, Bhutan Mr. Harka B. Gurung Tel : (975) 2 322319/322389 Deputy Collector of Customs Fax : (975) 2 323608 Revenue and Customs Division Ministry of Finance Thimphu, Bhutan COUNTRIES & AGENCIES NAMES OF PARTICIPANTS COORDINATES Ms. Monira A. Y. Tsewang, Under Secretary Tel : (975) 2 324095/324015 BHUTAN Planning Commission Fax : (975) 2 322928 (CONTD.) Thimphu, Bhutan Ms. Karma D. Nidup, Trade Officer Tel: (975)2 322407 Trade Division Fax (975)2 321338 Ministry of Trade and Industry Thimphu, Bhutan Mr. Rinchen Dorji, Managing Director Tel : (975) 5 252691 Bhutan Chamber of Commerce and Industry RSA Ltd., Pheuntsholing, Bhutan Mr. Tshering Dorji, General Secretary Tel : (975) 2 323140 Bhutan Chamber of Commerce and Industry Fax : (975) 2 323936 Thimphu, Bhutan M/S Wangchuk Export House Fax : (975) 5 252798 Pheuntsholing, Bhutan Mr. Ranjan Kumar Jain, Executive Director Telefax : 91 ­ 11 ­ 3389101 INDIA (Perspective Planning) Ministry of Railways New Delhi, India Ms. Vandita Sharma, Deputy Secretary Telefax : 91 ­ 11 ­ 4635866 Ministry of Civil Aviation New Delhi, India Mr. K. L. Thapar, Director Tel : 91 ­ 11 - 6856117 Asian Institute of Transport Development Fax : 91 ­ 11 ­ 6856113 New Delhi, India Mr. P. K. Malik Tel : 91 ­ 11 - 6856117 Asian Institute of Transport Development Fax : 91 ­ 11 ­ 6856113 New Delhi, India Mr. Mumtaz Ahmad, Chairman Tel : 91 ­ 33 ­ 2487100 I-WIN Fax : 91 ­ 33 ­ 2488144 Calcutta, India Mr. D. Sengupta, Managing Director Tel : 91 ­ 33 ­ 2408497 I-WIN Fax : 91 ­ 33 ­ 2479054 Calcutta, India Mr. Vinod K. Chowdhry Tel : 91 ­ 11 ­ 3268878 Advisor, Past President Fax : 91 ­ 11 ­ 3268877 Federation of Freight Forwarders Association New Delhi, India COUNTRIES & AGENCIES NAMES OF PARTICIPANTS COORDINATES Dr. Shankar P. Sharma, Honourable Member Tel: (977 1) 228107 NEPAL National Planning Commission Fax: (977 1) 226500 Kathmandu, Nepal Mr. Bimal P. Koirala, Special Secretary Tel: (977 1) 259867 Ministry of Finance Fax: (977 1) 259891 Kathmandu, Nepal Mr. Banshidhar Ghimire, Director General Tel: (977 1) 259793 Department of Customs Fax: (977 1) 259808 Kathmandu, Nepal Mr. Birendra B. Deoja, Joint Secretary Tel: (977 1) 259867 Ministry of Works & Transport Fax: (977 1) 259891 Lalitpur, Nepal Dr. Prafulla K. Kafle, Deputy Governor Tel: (977 1) 412963 Nepal Rastra Bank, Nepal Fax: (977 1) 410159 Kathmandu, Nepal Mr. Purushottam Ojha, Project Director Tel: (977 1) 245215 Nepal Multimodal Transit & Trade Facilitation Fax: (977 1) 245215 Project Kathmandu, Nepal Mr. Shiva Ratan Sharda, Executive Member Tel: (977 1) 531058 Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce Fax: (977 1) 531329 & Industry Kathmandu, Nepal Mr. Mahesh K. Agrawal, President Tel: (977 1) 222890 Nepal Chamber of Commerce Fax: (977 1) 223338 Kathmandu, Nepal Mr. Durga B. Thapa, Vice President (Second) Tel: (977 1) 480634 Central Carpet Industries Association Fax: (977 1) 422891 Kathmandu, Nepal Mr. R. M. Singh Pradhan, President Tel: (977 1) 249216 Nepal Freight Forwarders'Association Fax: (977 1) 249896 Kathmandu, Nepal Mr. R. B. Rauniar, Executive Member Tel: (977 1) 223230 Nepal Freight Forwarders'Association Fax: (977 1) 246264 Kathmandu, Nepal M. Arjun B. Adhikari, Section Officer Tel: (977 1) 228845 National Planning Commission Secretariat Fax: (977 1) 226500 Kathmandu, Nepal COUNTRIES & AGENCIES NAMES OF PARTICIPANTS COORDINATES Mrs. Frannie Leautier, Sector Director Tel: (202) 473-5307 WORLD BANK South Asia Infrastructure Sector Unit Fax: (202) 5220-2418/522-3706 The World Bank, Washington, DC Mr. Lorne Blackman, Advisor Tel: (202) 458-7596 SARVP Fax: (202) 522-2249 The World Bank, Washington, DC Ms. Uma Subramanian Tel: (202) 473-4497 Team Leader/Economist Fax: (202) 522-3708 South Asia Infrastructure Sector Unit The World Bank, Washington, DC Mr. Shunso Tsukada, Transport Specialist Tel: (202) 458-2953 TWUTD Fax: (202) 522-3223 The World Bank, Washington, DC Mr. Ronald J. Kopicki Tel: (202) 473-6193 Principal Private Sector Development Specialist Fax: (202) 522-1822 TWUTD The World Bank, Washington, DC Mr. Marc. Juhel, Senior Port Specialist Tel: (202) 473-2392 TWUTD Fax: (202) 522-1822 The World Bank, Washington, DC Mr. Harald Hansen, Transport Economist Tel: (202) 458-1474 South Asia Infrastructure Sector Unit Fax: (202) 533-3708 The World Bank, Washington, DC Mr. Thomas Maxwell, Export Promotion and Tel: (250) 629-3613 Trade Specialist Fax: (250) 629-3619 The World Bank, Washington, DC Mr. Stephan von Klaudy, Tel: (202) 473-5012 Principal Financial Specialist Fax: (202) 473-8326 African Region The World Bank, Washington, DC Mr. Mohammad Iqbal Karim Tel: (880-2) 564-306 Transport Specialist Fax: (880-2) 863-220 World Bank Resident Mission Dhaka, Bangladesh Ms. Gladys Stevens, Team Assistant Tel: (202) 458-1308 South Asia Infrastructure Sector Unit Fax: (202) 533-3708 The World Bank, Washington, DC COUNTRIES & AGENCIES NAMES OF PARTICIPANTS COORDINATES Mr. SMAK Kaombwe Tel: (258-1) 420 214 or 420 246 EXPERTS Planning Coordinator Fax: (258-1) 420 213 Southern Africa Transport & Communications Commission (SATCC) Av. Martires de Inhaminga 170, 2.0 Andar (2nd Floor) C.P.: 2677 (P.O. Box 2677) Maputo-Mozambique Carlos de Castro Tel: (34-972) 565-304 Casa Rectoral De vilademiras Fax: (34-972) 553-577 17746 Cabanella, Gerona Spain Mr. Tiruvarur Rammaiyer Lakshmanan Tel: (617) 353-7551 33 Pond Avenue Fax: (617) 353-8399 Apartment 303 Brookline, MA 02445 Mr. Jan H. Meijer Tel: 31 (0) 72 514 7400 Managing Director Fax: 31 (0) 72 515 1397 Nocrderkade 2c, 1823 CJ Alkmaar P. O. Box 440, 1800 AK Alkmaar The Netherlands Mr. Lou Bracco Gartner Tel: 31-10-252-1218 Directorate Commercial Department Fax: 31-10-252-1920 Rotterdam Municipal Port Management Rotterdam, The Netherlands Mr. Michael Lane Tel: (703) 534-1369 6723 N. 25th Street Fax: (703) 534-7160 Arlington, VA 22303 Mr. Adrianus Mooy, Executive Secretary Tel: (66-2) 288-1910, 288-1920 SECRETARIAT UNESCAP Fax: (66-2) 288-1051 Bangkok, Thailand Ms. Kayoko Mizuta Tel: (66-2) 288-1911, 288-1147 Deputy Executive Secretary Fax: (66-2) 288-1051 UNESCAP Bangkok, Thailand Mr. S. Thampi Tel: (66-2) 288-1912 Special Assistant to the Executive Secretary, Fax: (66-2) 288-3030 UNESCAP Bangkok, Thailand COUNTRIES & AGENCIES NAMES OF PARTICIPANTS COORDINATES Mr. Mohammed Rahmatullah, Director Tel: (66-2) 288-1371, 288-1555 SECRETARIAT Transport, Communications, Tourism and Fax: (66-2) 280-6042 (CONTD.) Infrastructure Development Division E-mail: Rahmatullah.unescap@un.org UNESCAP Bangkok, Thailand Mr. Vladimir N. Timopheyev, Chief Tel: (66-2) 288-1567 Land Transport Section Fax: (66-2) 280-6042 Transport, Communications, Tourism and E-mail: Infrastructure Development Division timopheyev.unescap@un.org UNESCAP Bangkok, Thailand Mr. Barry Cable, Chief Tel: (66-2) 288-1374 Water Transport Section, Transport, Fax: (66-2) 280-6042 Communications, Tourism and Infrastructure E-mail: cable.unescap@un.org Development Division UNESCAP, Bangkok, Thailand Mr. John R. Moon, Chief Tel: (66-2) 288-1378 General Transport, Coordination and Fax: (66-2) 280-6042 Communications Section, E-mail: moon.unescap@un.org Transport, Communications, Tourism and Infrastructure Development Division UNESCAP Bangkok, Thailand Mr. Ashok Kumarrin Tel: (66-2) 288-1687 Economic Affairs Officer, Land Transport Fax: (66-2) 280-6042 Section, Transport, Communications, Tourism and Infrastructure Development Division UNESCAP Bankgok, Thailand Ms. Mary Bess Spurlock, Chief Tel: (66-2) 288-1913, 288-1926 Division of Administration Fax: (66-2) 288-3029 UNESCAP Bangkok, Thailand Mr. Brian W. Heath, Chief Tel: (66-2) 288-1919 Conference and General Services Section Fax: (66-2) 288-1042 UNESCAP Bangkok, Thailand Mr. David Lazarus, Chief Tel: (66-2) 288-1866 United Nations Information Services Fax: (66-2) 288-1052 UNESCAP Bangkok, Thailand WORLD BANK/UN-ESCAP REGIONAL TECHNICAL WORKSHOP ON TRANSPORT AND TRANSIT FACILITATION BANGKOK, 19-21 APRIL 1999 Programme Schedule Monday, 19 April 1999 0830-0900 hrs. Registration Opening Session 0900-0915 hrs. Inaugural address: Dr. Adrianus Mooy, Executive Secretary, ESCAP 0915-0930 hrs. Keynote address: Vision for South Asia: Ms. Frannie Leautier, Sector Manager, South Asia Infrastructure Unit, World Bank 0930-0945 hrs. Overview of Workshop: Mr. L. Blackman Lessons of International Experience 0945-1015 hrs. Institutional Barriers to Transit and Transportation Integration in South Asia: Lessons from the North American Experience: Mr. T.R. Lakshmanan, Professor, Boston University 1015-1045 hrs. COFFEE BREAK 1045-1115 hrs. Transport Integration and Facilitation in Southern Africa: SADC Strategy: Mr. Smak Kaombwe, Planning Coordinator, Southern Africa Transport and Communications Commission (SATCC) 1115-1145 hrs. Southern Africa Transport Corridors: Mr. Stephan von Klaudy, Africa Region, World Bank 1145-1215 hrs. Discussion 1215-1345 hrs. LUNCH HOSTED BY ESCAP 1345-1415 hrs. Rotterdam Port: Implications for West Europe, Mr. Lou Bracco Gartner, Rotterdam Municipal Port Management 1415-1445 hrs. MERCOSUR: A Preliminary Assessment of the Transportation Infrastructure Supporting Supply Chain Efficiency: Mr. R. Kopicki, World Bank (paper prepared by Walter Zinn, University of Miami) 1445-1515 hrs. Discussion 1515-1545 hrs. COFFEE BREAK South Asia Region: Transport and Transit Facilitation - Issues and Options 1545-1615 hrs. South Asia: Transport Issues and Options: Ms. Uma Subramanian, World Bank 1615-1645 hrs. Comments from a private sector user perspective: by Mr. Aminur Rashid Khan, Chairman, East-West Marine (pvt.) Ltd.; Mr. R. N. Rauniar, Managing Director, Interstate Multimodal Transport (pvt.) Ltd.; Mr. Mumtaz Ahmad, West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation 1645-1715 hrs. Impediments to Exporting: Mr. Tom Maxwell, World Bank 1715-1800 hrs. Discussion 2000-2130 hrs. DINNER HOSTED BY THE WORLD BANK Presentation by Mr. J. H. Meijer, Managing Director, Dynamar Consultancy BV, the Netherlands Tuesday, 20 April 1999 0845-0900 hrs. Opening remarks by Ms. F. Leautier, World Bank Thematic Issues and Options I: Legal and Institutional Framework 0900-0945 hrs. International Conventions: Dr. M. Rahmatullah, Director, TCTIDD, ESCAP 0945-1015 hrs. The Impact of Customs on Transport and Transit Facilitation: Mr. M. H. Lane, Global Customs Advisor 1015-1045 hrs. COFFEE BREAK 1045-1115 hrs. Multimodal Framework Agreement: Mr. Barry Cable, ESCAP 1115-1200 hrs. Discussion 1200-1315 hrs. LUNCH Thematic Issues and Options II: An Integrated Approach 1315-1400 hrs. Government Support of Efficient Supply Chains: Mr. R. Kopicki, World Bank 1400-1430 hrs. Containerization, Logistic Cost and Facilitation: Mr. C. F. de Castro 1430-1500 hrs. Discussion 1500-1515 hrs. Remarks by Dr. M. Rahmatullah, ESCAP Priorities for South Asia 1515-1530 hrs. Framework for break out sessions: agenda, procedure, output 1530-1600 hrs. COFFEE BREAK 1600-1800 hrs. Breakout Discussions on the following themes: - Transit facilitation and customs - Transport corridors and operations: constraints and options - Creating an environment for effective public/private partnership in transport and logistics improvements (To continue over dinner) Wednesday, 21 April 1999 Priorities for South Asia (cont'd) 0900-1030 hrs. Plenary presentations by each break out group 1030-1045 hrs. COFFEE BREAK 1045-1130 hrs. Discussion 1130-1230 hrs. Transport and transit facilitation - next steps: - Ms. Frannie Leautier, The World Bank - Dr. M. Rahmatullah, ESCAP 1230-1245 hrs. Closing remarks 1245 hrs. LUNCH and departure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .