90907 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REGION LITTLE DATA BOOK 2012 OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ECONOMIST THE WORLD BANK MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REGION LITTLE DATA BOOK OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ECONOMIST September 2012 THE WORLD BANK Copyright ©2012 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433, U.S.A. Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing October 2012 This volume is a product of the Chief Economist Office of the Middle East and North Africa Region of the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. 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A FREE PUBLICATION MENA Little Data Book September 2012 |i Contents Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………….……..iv Data Notes .................................................................................…..v Regional Tables ………………………………………………………………………..….vi Table 1 Demographics ………………………………………….………..…… 1 Table 2 Gross Domestic Products …………………………..………… 3 Table 3 Real GDP and GDP Per Capita Growth ……………….…. 5 Table 4 Inflation Rates ……………………………………………………… 7 Table 5 Investment and Saving …………………………………………. 8 Table 6 Unemployment Rates ………………………….……………….. 9 Table 7 Government Fiscal Balance & Debt ……….…………….. 11 Table 8 Current Account Balance …………………….….……………. 13 Table 9 International Reserves ………………………….……………… 14 Table 10 Export of Goods & Services ……………………..…………… 15 Table 11 Imports of Goods & Services …………………………..……. 17 Table 12 Exports to Trading Blocs …………….…………………………. 19 Table 13 Imports from Trading Blocs …………………..……………….20 Table 14 Trade in Goods within MENA …………..…………………… 21 Table 15 External Sector ……………………………………………………… 22 Table 16 Food Prices and Imports ......................................... 26 Table 17 Poverty Rates …………………………………………………….... 27 Table 18 Crude Oil Prices ……………………………………………......... 29 Table 19 Health Indicators ………………………………………………….. 30 Table 20 Education Indicators ………………………………………....... 31 Table 21 Gender Indicators ……………………………………………..... 32 Table 22 Doing Business Indicators …………………………………….. 35 Table 23 Technology Indicators …………………….………..………...... 36 Table 24 Water and Energy………………………………………………….. 37 Table 25 Millennium Development Goals, MENA ………………. 38 Table 26 Millennium Development Goals, Others ………………. 40 Glossary ……………………………………………………………………………… 42 MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | ii Acknowledgements The MENA Little Data Book 2012 is a product of the Chief Economist Office for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region of the World Bank. The Little Data Book is based on World Development Indicators (WDI) 2012 and other sources as noted in the tables. This Book includes indicators covering macroeconomic, social and external sector for MENA and other comparator regions. The preparation of this book was led by Lili Mottaghi (Economist, Office of the Chief Economist, MENA). Caroline Freund (Chief Economist, Middle East and North Africa Region) provided overall guidance. Isabelle Chaal-Dabi (Office of the Chief Economist, MENA) provided excellent administrative assistance. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | iv Data Notes The data in this book are for 2009 – 2011 or the most recent years available, unless otherwise noted in the table or the Glossary. Where possible, missing data for countries are calculated from other sources as noted in the tables. The Glossary contains definitions of the terms used in the tables. o Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted. Except where otherwise stated, growth rates are in real terms. o Regional aggregates include data for developing countries only. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data in the years shown. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. The term country does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. Considerable effort has been made to harmonize the data, but full comparability cannot be assured, and care must be taken in interpreting indicators. Many factors affect data availability, comparability, and reliability. Data coverage may not be complete because of special circumstances affecting the collection and reporting of data. For more information about the MENA Little Data Book, 2012 please visit our website at www.worldbank.org/mena. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 |v Regional Tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific (EAP) American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Vietnam. Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, and Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. MENA Country Groupings Oil exporters include GCC countries and Developing oil exporters. GCC countries include Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. Developing oil exporters include Algeria, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Syria, and Yemen. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | vi Regional Tables Oil importers include Oil importers with GCC links and Oil importers with EU links. Oil importers with GCC links include Djibouti, Jordan, and Lebanon. Oil importers with EU links include Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. League of Arab States include the Middle East and North Africa, as described above (except Iran), Comoros, Mauritania, Somalia, and Sudan. South Asia (SA) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The aggregates reported herein are constructed, as much as possible, in concordance with the methodologies used in the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. Where possible, aggregates are calculated by summing the results from individual countries. Aggregate ratios and growth rates based on summable data are calculated from the sums of the underlying indicators. Aggregate ratios and growth rates that cannot be calculated by summation are weighted averages unless otherwise noted in the tables. Aggregates are weighted whenever possible by the value of the denominator. If another indicator is used as the weight, this is noted within the individual tables. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | vii Table 1. Demographics Population (millions) 2009 2010 2011 Middle East and North Africa 363 371 377 Oil Exporters 231 236 241 GCC 42 44 45 Bahrain 1 1 1 Kuwait 3 3 3 Oman 3 3 3 Qatar 2 2 2 Saudi Arabia 27 27 28 United Arab Emirates 7 8 8 Developing Oil Exporters 189 192 196 Algeria 35 35 36 Iran, Islamic Republic of 73 74 75 Iraq 31 32 33 Libya 6 6 6 Syrian Arab Republic 20 20 21 Yemen 23 24 25 Oil Importers 133 135 137 Oil importers with GCC links 11 11 11 Djibouti 1 1 1 Jordan 6 6 6 Lebanon 4 4 4 Oil importers with EU links 122 124 125 Egypt 80 81 83 Morocco 32 32 32 Tunisia 10 11 11 Memorandum League of Arab States 337 344 351 East Asia and the Pacific 1,948 1,961 1,974 Europe and Central Asia 404 406 408 Latin America and the Caribbean 576 583 589 South Asia 1,610 1,633 1,657 Sub-Saharan Africa 832 853 875 Source: World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 1 Table 1. Demographics (Cont.) Population growth (percent) 2009 2010 2011 Middle East and North Africa 2.1 2.0 1.8 Oil Exporters 2.4 2.2 2.0 GCC 4.6 3.8 3.0 Bahrain 10.6 7.6 4.8 Kuwait 3.8 3.4 2.9 Oman 2.8 2.6 2.3 Qatar 13.5 9.6 6.1 Saudi Arabia 2.4 2.4 2.3 United Arab Emirates 11.2 7.9 4.9 Developing Oil Exporters 1.9 1.9 1.8 Algeria 1.5 1.5 1.4 Iran, Islamic Republic of 1.2 1.1 1.1 Iraq 3.0 3.0 2.9 Libya 1.8 1.5 1.1 Syrian Arab Republic 2.0 2.0 1.8 Yemen 3.1 3.1 3.1 Oil Importers 1.5 1.5 1.5 Oil importers with GCC links 1.6 1.6 1.6 Djibouti 1.9 1.9 1.9 Jordan 2.2 2.2 2.2 Lebanon 0.7 0.7 0.7 Oil importers with EU links 1.5 1.5 1.5 Egypt 1.8 1.7 1.7 Morocco 1.0 1.0 1.0 Tunisia 1.1 1.0 1.0 Memorandum League of Arab States 2.0 2.2 2.0 East Asia and the Pacific 0.7 0.7 0.7 Europe and Central Asia 0.4 0.5 0.5 Latin America and the Caribbean 1.1 1.1 1.1 South Asia 1.5 1.4 1.4 Sub-Saharan Africa 2.5 2.5 2.5 MENA Little Data Book September 2012 |2 Table 2. Gross Domestic Products GDP (Billion US dollars) 2009 2010 2011 Middle East and North Africa 1,978 2,316 2,691 Oil Exporters 1,594 1,894 2,243 GCC 918 1,078 1,383 Bahrain 21 23 25 Kuwait 109 133 177 Oman 47 58 72 Qatar 98 127 173 Saudi Arabia 373 435 577 United Arab Emirates 270 302 360 Developing Oil Exporters 676 816 860 Algeria 138 162 189 Iran, Islamic Republic of 331 407 482 Iraq 65 82 115 Libya 62 75 40 Syrian Arab Republic 54 59 … Yemen 25 31 34 Oil Importers 384 422 448 Oil importers with GCC links 61 68 72 Djibouti 1 1 1 Jordan 25 28 29 Lebanon 35 39 42 Oil importers with EU links 323 354 376 Egypt 189 219 230 Morocco 91 91 100 Tunisia 44 44 46 Memorandum League of Arab States 1,706 1,980 2,268 East Asia and the Pacific 6,366 7,636 9,283 Europe and Central Asia 2,610 3,063 3,616 Latin America and the Caribbean 4,057 5,039 5,650 South Asia 1,685 2,048 2,272 Sub-Saharan Africa 941 1,103 1,245 Source: World Bank. Note: 2011 GDP data for Syria is not available. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 |3 Table 2. Gross Domestic Products (Cont.) GDP Per capita (US dollars) 2009 2010 2011 Middle East and North Africa 5,444 6,248 7,132 Oil Exporters 6,910 8,031 9,327 GCC 21,929 24,774 31,019 Bahrain 17,609 18,225 19,424 Kuwait 41,365 48,611 62,790 Oman 17,280 20,841 24,940 Qatar 61,532 72,200 94,514 Saudi Arabia 13,901 15,836 20,563 United Arab Emirates 38,960 40,202 46,555 Developing Oil Exporters 3,579 4,245 4,389 Algeria 3,952 4,567 5,243 Iran, Islamic Republic of 4,526 5,502 6,448 Iraq 2,097 2,565 3,497 Libya 9,957 11,817 6,141 Syrian Arab Republic 2,692 2,893 … Yemen 1,077 1,289 1,362 Oil Importers 2,896 3,128 3,273 Oil importers with GCC links 5,560 6,054 6,365 Djibouti 1,203 1,125 1,325 Jordan 4,242 4,560 4,676 Lebanon 8,321 9,228 9,888 Oil importers with EU links 2,656 2,864 2,994 Egypt 2,371 2,698 2,781 Morocco 2,874 2,842 3,108 Tunisia 4,169 4,199 4,297 Memorandum League of Arab States 5,069 5,759 6,470 East Asia and the Pacific 3,268 3,894 4,702 Europe and Central Asia 6,465 7,551 8,872 Latin America and the Caribbean 7,043 8,650 9,593 South Asia 1,047 1,254 1,371 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,131 1,293 1,423 MENA Little Data Book September 2012 |4 Table 3. Real GDP and GDP per Capita Growth Real GDP growth (percent) 2009 2010 2011 Middle East and North Africa 1.8 4.4 3.1 Oil Exporters 0.8 4.3 3.4 GCC -0.3 4.9 6.5 Bahrain 3.1 4.1 -1.2 Kuwait -4.4 3.3 5.0 Oman 1.1 4.1 4.8 Qatar 8.6 17.0 19.0 Saudi Arabia 0.6 4.1 6.5 United Arab Emirates -3.2 3.2 3.3 Developing Oil Exporters 2.6 3.3 -2.1 Algeria 2.4 3.3 2.5 Iran, Islamic Republic of 2.1 2.9 2.0 Iraq 4.2 0.8 9.9 Libya 2.1 3.8 -59.9 Syrian Arab Republic 6.0 3.2 -3.0 Yemen 3.8 7.7 -10.5 Oil Importers 4.9 4.6 2.2 Oil importers with GCC links 7.4 5.3 2.9 Djibouti 5.0 3.5 4.5 Jordan 5.5 2.3 2.5 Lebanon 8.5 7.0 3.0 Oil importers with EU links 4.5 4.5 2.1 Egypt 4.7 5.1 1.8 Morocco 4.8 3.7 4.8 Tunisia 3.1 3.0 -1.8 Memorandum League of Arab States 2.8 4.0 1.3 East Asia and the Pacific 7.5 9.7 8.1 Europe and Central Asia -6.0 5.8 5.7 Latin America and the Caribbean -1.6 6.2 4.7 South Asia 7.4 8.7 6.4 Sub-Saharan Africa 2.1 5.0 4.1 Source: World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 |5 Table 3. Real GDP and GDP per Capita Growth (Cont.) Real GDP per capita growth (percent) 2009 2010 2011 Middle East and North Africa -0.3 2.5 1.3 Oil Exporters -1.6 2.1 1.4 GCC -4.9 1.1 3.4 Bahrain -7.5 -3.5 -6.0 Kuwait -8.2 -0.1 2.1 Oman -1.7 1.5 2.5 Qatar -4.9 7.4 12.9 Saudi Arabia -1.8 1.7 4.2 United Arab Emirates -14.4 -4.7 -1.6 Developing Oil Exporters 0.7 1.5 -3.9 Algeria 0.9 1.8 1.1 Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.9 1.8 0.9 Iraq 1.2 -2.2 7.0 Libya 0.3 2.3 -61.0 Syrian Arab Republic 4.0 1.2 -4.8 Yemen 0.7 4.6 -13.6 Oil Importers 3.4 3.1 0.7 Oil importers with GCC links 5.8 3.7 1.2 Djibouti 3.1 1.6 2.6 Jordan 3.3 0.1 0.3 Lebanon 7.8 6.3 2.3 Oil importers with EU links 3.0 3.0 0.6 Egypt 2.9 3.4 0.1 Morocco 3.8 2.7 3.8 Tunisia 2.0 2.0 -2.8 Memorandum League of Arab States 0.8 1.8 -0.7 East Asia and the Pacific 6.8 9.0 7.5 Europe and Central Asia -6.5 5.4 5.3 Latin America and the Caribbean -2.8 5.1 3.6 South Asia 6.0 7.2 5.0 Sub-Saharan Africa -0.4 2.5 1.6 MENA Little Data Book September 2012 |6 Table 4. Inflation Rates CPI inflation (percent) 2009 2010 2011 Middle East and North Africa 3.4 3.8 4.2 Oil Exporters 4.5 3.4 4.4 GCC 3.4 2.6 3.3 Bahrain 2.8 2.0 -0.4 Kuwait 4.0 4.0 4.7 Oman 3.9 3.2 4.1 Qatar -4.9 -2.4 1.9 Saudi Arabia 5.1 5.3 5.0 United Arab Emirates 1.6 0.9 2.5 Developing Oil Exporters 5.6 4.2 5.5 Algeria 5.7 3.9 4.5 Iran, Islamic Republic of 10.8 12.4 20.6 Iraq 6.9 2.9 6.0 Libya 2.5 4.0 5.0 Syrian Arab Republic 2.9 4.4 4.8 Yemen 5.4 11.2 16.4 Oil Importers 2.4 4.2 4.0 Oil importers with GCC links 1.2 4.0 4.4 Djibouti 1.7 4.0 4.4 Jordan -0.7 5.0 4.4 Lebanon 1.2 4.0 5.5 Oil importers with EU links 3.5 4.4 3.6 Egypt 16.5 11.7 10.1 Morocco 1.0 1.0 0.9 Tunisia 3.5 4.4 3.6 Memorandum League of Arab States 3.1 4.1 5.4 East Asia and the Pacific … … … Europe and Central Asia 4.4 5.5 … Latin America and the Caribbean 5.8 6.0 … South Asia … … … Sub-Saharan Africa 10.5 7.3 … Source: World Bank. Note: The average inflation rates are median rates for the region and sub regional groups in MENA. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 |7 Table 5. Investment and Saving Gross fixed capital formation Gross domestic savings (percent of GDP) (percent of GDP) 2009 2010 2009 2010 Middle East and North Africa 23.3 19.0 25.7 26.4 Oil Exporters 23.2 17.1 30.1 31.1 GCC 21.4 17.2 27.2 28.8 Bahrain … … … … Kuwait 13.9 … … … Oman … … … … Qatar 39.3 … 54.5 … Saudi Arabia 24.5 21.0 38.4 43.4 United Arab Emirates 13.5 11.6 2.0 7.5 Developing Oil Exporters 30.4 16.3 39.8 37.8 Algeria 38.3 … 51.2 50.7 Iran, Islamic Republic of … … … … Iraq … … … … Libya … … … … Syrian Arab Republic 17.9 18.8 28.1 18.4 Yemen 13.5 11.6 2.0 7.5 Oil Importers 23.4 22.8 14.7 15.5 Oil importers with GCC links 25.4 24.9 1.2 3.3 Djibouti … … … … Jordan 14.8 15.3 -6.7 -6.1 Lebanon 33.0 31.7 6.9 9.8 Oil importers with EU links 23.0 22.4 17.2 17.8 Egypt 18.9 18.6 12.6 14.1 Morocco 30.9 30.7 24.7 25.2 Tunisia 24.2 24.3 21.9 21.0 Memorandum League of Arab States 21.7 19.2 16.9 23.0 East Asia and the Pacific 39.7 39.6 45.7 45.5 Europe and Central Asia 21.4 21.9 20.6 23.2 Latin America and the Caribbean 19.6 19.9 20.2 21.7 South Asia 28.4 27.1 26.9 27.2 Sub-Saharan Africa 22.1 20.4 15.3 17.1 Source: World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 |8 Table 6. Unemployment Rates Unemployment rate Youth unemployment, (percent) total (percent of total labor force ages 15-24) Recent available year Recent available year Middle East and North Africa 10.0 23.3 Oil Exporters 9.7 22.4 GCC 4.6 21.1 Bahrain 9.0 28.3 Kuwait 2.0 11.3 Oman … … Qatar 0.5 1.6 Saudi Arabia 5.4 28.2 United Arab Emirates 4.0 12.1 Developing Oil Exporters 11.2 22.9 Algeria 11.4 24.3 Iran, Islamic Republic of 10.5 23.0 Iraq 17.5 Syrian Arab Republic 8.4 19.2 Yemen 14.6 Oil Importers 10.5 24.5 Oil importers with GCC links 16.3 24.8 Djibouti 59.5 Jordan 12.9 27.0 Lebanon 9.0 22.1 Oil importers with EU links 10.0 24.5 Egypt 9.4 24.8 Morocco 10.0 21.9 Tunisia 14.2 30.7 Memorandum League of Arab States 14.3 22.3 East Asia and the Pacific 4.7 … Europe and Central Asia 9.5 17.2 Latin America and the Caribbean 7.8 14.2 South Asia 4.5 10.6 Sub-Saharan Africa Source: World Bank. Note: Regional and sub regional aggregates are weighted by corresponding labor force. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 |9 Table 6. Unemployment Rates (Cont.) Unemployment, female Unemployment, male (percent of female labor (percent of male labor force) force) Recent available year Recent available year Middle East and North Africa 19.3 8.0 Oil Exporters 19.2 8.2 GCC 12.9 2.3 Bahrain 20.0 5.6 Kuwait 1.8 2.0 Oman … … Qatar 2.6 0.2 Saudi Arabia 15.9 3.5 United Arab Emirates 12.0 Developing Oil Exporters 20.3 10.1 Algeria 20.0 10.0 Iran, Islamic Republic of 16.8 9.1 Iraq 22.5 16.2 Syrian Arab Republic 22.5 5.7 Yemen 40.9 11.5 Oil Importers 19.3 7.6 Oil importers with GCC links 26.8 13.2 Djibouti 68.6 54.6 Jordan 24.1 10.3 Lebanon 10.1 8.6 Oil importers with EU links 18.6 7.1 Egypt 22.9 5.2 Morocco 10.5 9.8 Tunisia 17.3 13.1 Memorandum League of Arab States 23.1 8.9 East Asia and the Pacific … … Europe and Central Asia 7.1 7.9 Latin America and the Caribbean 9.1 5.4 South Asia 5.5 4.1 Sub-Saharan Africa MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 10 Table 7. Government Fiscal Balance and Debt Fiscal Balance (percent of GDP) 2009 2010 2011 Middle East and North Africa -2.3 2.5 3.2 Oil Exporters -1.5 4.7 6.0 GCC -2.6 4.8 9.4 Bahrain -8.7 -7.8 -7.3 Kuwait 19.3 20.7 26.1 Oman 2.2 6.2 10.1 Qatar 14.2 3.0 7.0 Saudi Arabia -6.1 5.2 8.1 United Arab Emirates -12.6 -1.3 6.5 Developing Oil Exporters 0.1 4.5 1.3 Algeria -6.8 -1.9 -4.0 Iran, Islamic Republic of 9.2 10.6 6.8 Iraq -22.1 -9.1 7.4 Libya 10.7 10.8 -31.9 Syrian Arab Republic -2.9 -4.8 -7.1 Yemen -8.6 -4.0 -4.3 Oil Importers -5.5 -6.3 -8.1 Oil importers with GCC links -8.3 -7.2 -8.1 Djibouti -4.6 -0.5 -0.9 Jordan -8.9 -7.7 -12.7 Lebanon -8.0 -7.0 -5.4 Oil importers with EU links -5.0 -6.3 -8.2 Egypt -6.9 -8.1 -9.8 Morocco -2.2 -4.7 -6.8 Tunisia -3.0 -1.3 -3.7 Source: World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 11 Table 7. Government Fiscal Balance and Debt (Cont) Government Gross Debt (percent of GDP) 2009 2010 2011 Middle East and North Africa 31.7 29.1 23.9 Oil Exporters 21.8 19.5 13.9 GCC 18.2 15.0 12.9 Bahrain 25.4 32.0 34.2 Kuwait 7.0 5.7 4.5 Oman 8.0 5.7 4.0 Qatar 31.0 29.5 28.2 Saudi Arabia 15.9 9.9 7.1 United Arab Emirates 22.5 21.0 18.5 Developing Oil Exporters 27.2 26.0 15.6 Algeria 10.4 10.4 10.7 Iran, Islamic Republic of 8.9 11.6 9.2 Iraq 144.1 119.6 42.3 Libya 0.0 0.0 … Syrian Arab Republic 31.4 29.7 … Yemen 49.9 40.6 42.9 Oil Importers 71.0 70.5 72.0 Oil importers with GCC links 111.3 105.5 102.0 Djibouti 59.8 56.1 53.7 Jordan 64.5 66.8 68.5 Lebanon 146.5 134.1 126.4 Oil importers with EU links 63.4 63.8 66.3 Egypt 75.6 73.8 76.2 Morocco 47.9 51.1 54.2 Tunisia 42.8 40.4 41.7 Source: IMF MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 12 Table 8. Current Account Balance Current Account Balance (percent of GDP) 2009 2010 2011 Middle East and North Africa 2.3 8.8 9.9 Oil Exporters 4.1 12.1 13.8 GCC 7.4 15.4 19.6 Bahrain 1.6 4.9 5.9 Kuwait 26.3 27.8 33.5 Oman -0.6 11.4 11.0 Qatar 10.2 26.3 28.1 Saudi Arabia 6.0 14.9 20.6 United Arab Emirates 3.0 7.7 10.4 Developing Oil Exporters -0.6 7.7 5.9 Algeria 0.3 15.6 19.3 Iran, Islamic Republic of 2.8 5.9 4.9 Iraq -13.8 -1.8 7.9 Libya 16.9 23.0 -20.9 Syrian Arab Republic -2.2 -5.1 -2.2 Yemen -6.2 -3.7 -3.4 Oil Importers -4.8 -4.5 -5.8 Oil importers with GCC links -13.4 -13.4 -17.2 Djibouti -9.1 -5.8 -12.7 Jordan -4.7 -5.0 -9.0 Lebanon -19.3 -19.1 -22.6 Oil importers with EU links -3.3 -3.0 -3.8 Egypt -2.3 -2.0 -1.2 Morocco -5.4 -4.3 -8.0 Tunisia -2.8 -4.8 -7.4 Source: World Bank and IMF. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 13 Table 9. International Reserves Total Reserves (Billion US dollars) 2009 2010 2011 Middle East and North Africa 976.0 1057.4 1183.6 Oil Exporters 868.6 946.2 1097.4 GCC 491.2 548.2 639.6 Bahrain 3.9 5.1 4.6 Kuwait 20.4 21.4 25.9 Oman 12.2 13.0 14.4 Qatar 18.4 30.6 16.2 Saudi Arabia 410.3 445.3 541.2 United Arab Emirates 26.1 32.8 37.3 Developing Oil Exporters 377.4 398.0 457.9 Algeria 149.3 162.9 183.1 Iran, Islamic Republic of 78.0 78.9 104.6 Iraq 44.1 50.4 60.7 Libya 99.0 99.9 105.0 Syrian Arab Republic Yemen 6.9 5.9 4.5 Oil Importers 107.4 111.2 86.1 Oil importers with GCC links 41.6 45.3 43.9 Djibouti 0.2 0.2 0.2 Jordan 11.7 13.1 9.4 Lebanon 29.6 32.0 34.2 Oil importers with EU links 65.8 65.9 42.3 Egypt 32.4 33.7 15.7 Morocco 22.8 22.7 19.6 Tunisia 10.6 9.5 7.0 Memorandum items League of Arab States 907.6 997.2 - East Asia and the Pacific 5027.5 5743.6 - Europe and Central Asia 1838.4 2196.5 - Latin America and the Caribbean 567.5 658.2 - South Asia 317.9 340.4 - Sub-Saharan Africa 160.1 158.5 - MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 14 Table 10. Exports of Goods and Services Exports of Goods and Services (percent of GDP) 2009 2010 Middle East and North Africa 45.9 49.7 Oil Exporters 49.0 53.9 GCC 60.2 66.7 Bahrain 80.4 81.7 Kuwait 57.5 56.3 Oman 62.5 66.3 Qatar 49.5 63.6 Saudi Arabia 53.7 58.5 United Arab Emirates 74.9 76.4 Developing Oil Exporters 32.4 35.3 Algeria 34.5 38.6 Iran, Islamic Republic of 26.4 28.6 Iraq 63.3 66.0 Syrian Arab Republic 28.6 32.4 Yemen 28.2 30.2 Oil Importers 33.3 32.0 Oil importers with GCC links 56.9 53.8 Djibouti 38.1 31.8 Jordan 45.9 46.5 Lebanon 65.4 59.5 Oil importers with EU links 28.8 27.9 Egypt 24.9 21.3 Morocco 28.9 33.1 Tunisia 45.6 49.5 Memorandum items League of Arab States 48.8 53.3 Source: World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 15 Table 10. Exports of Goods and Services (Cont.) Exports of Fuels (percent of Exports of Crude oil merchandise exports) (percent of GDP) 2009 2010 2009 2010 Middle East and North Africa 46.4 46.5 18.4 20.1 Oil Exporters 85.1 85.2 21.0 22.7 GCC 80.3 80.7 22.6 24.7 Bahrain 68.8 68.8 0.4 0.4 Kuwait 93.2 93.2 29.3 31.1 Oman 79.0 81.3 28.7 34.0 Qatar 72.8 72.8 22.6 22.3 Saudi Arabia 87.6 87.5 35.1 40.2 United Arab Emirates … … 17.0 20.3 Developing Oil Exporters 89.8 89.7 18.5 19.8 Algeria 97.7 97.3 15.3 16.3 Iran, Islamic Republic of 70.8 70.8 14.9 15.2 Iraq 98.6 98.6 54.9 58.1 Syrian Arab Republic … … 5.5 7.5 Yemen 92.2 92.2 … … Oil Importers 7.7 7.8 1.9 2.4 Oil importers with GCC links 0.5 0.6 … … Djibouti … … … … Jordan 0.6 1.1 … … Lebanon 0.5 0.2 … … Oil importers with EU links 15.0 15.0 1.9 2.4 Egypt 28.9 29.8 1.7 2.0 Morocco 2.3 1.1 … … Tunisia 13.6 14.2 3.0 4.2 Memorandum items League of Arab States 63.3 64.5 19.0 21.0 MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 16 Table 11. Imports of Goods and Services Imports of Goods and Services (percent of GDP) 2009 2010 Middle East and North Africa 41.5 28.5 Oil Exporters 42.4 24.6 GCC 44.0 23.8 Bahrain … … Kuwait 28.0 … Oman 41.5 … Qatar 31.2 … Saudi Arabia 43.1 35.4 United Arab Emirates 69.2 68.8 Developing Oil Exporters 34.7 35.8 Algeria 36.1 Iran, Islamic Republic of … … Iraq … … Syrian Arab Republic 31.1 35.8 Yemen … … Oil Importers 39.0 36.9 Oil importers with GCC links 55.0 52.9 Djibouti … … Jordan 65.0 65.9 Lebanon 47.8 43.8 Oil importers with EU links 36.1 33.9 Egypt 31.6 26.1 Morocco 39.7 42.9 Tunisia 48.0 54.0 Memorandum items League of Arab States 40.8 28.1 Source: World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 17 Table 11. Imports of Goods and Services (Cont.) Imports of Food (percent Fuel imports (percent of of merchandise imports) merchandise imports) 2009 2010 2009 2010 Middle East and North Africa 9.4 13.4 12.2 12.3 Oil Exporters 6.1 12.6 8.2 2.1 GCC 1.6 9.8 40.6 2.2 Bahrain 8.0 11.9 40.6 2.2 Kuwait … … … … Oman 10.9 12.3 … … Qatar … 8.2 … … Saudi Arabia 11.3 15.7 … … United Arab Emirates Developing Oil Exporters 18.2 15.6 4.2 2.1 Algeria 16.3 16.3 1.1 2.1 Iran, Islamic Republic of … 15.4 … … Iraq … … … … Syrian Arab Republic … … … … Yemen 27.8 … 20.9 … Oil Importers 14.6 16.0 14.1 16.7 Oil importers with GCC links 16.3 16.3 19.2 21.7 Djibouti 29.3 … 6.5 … Jordan 17.0 16.2 17.8 22.1 Lebanon 15.3 16.3 20.5 21.4 Oil importers with EU links 14.3 15.9 13.1 15.8 Egypt 17.2 19.1 9.9 13.4 Morocco 11.2 11.4 20.6 23.1 Tunisia 8.6 9.3 11.5 12.6 Memorandum items League of Arab States 9.8 12.2 11.5 11.3 MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 18 Table 12. Exports to Trading Blocs, 2011 United States and European Union China Rest of the Canada (percent of (percent of (percent of World (percent total) total) total) of total) Middle East and North Africa 8.5 15.3 10.0 66.2 Oil Exporters 8.7 13.4 10.6 67.3 GCC 7.3 8.2 9.4 75.1 Bahrain 1.5 3.0 0.9 94.6 Kuwait 8.4 5.6 9.6 76.3 Oman 4.7 2.0 30.2 63.1 Qatar 1.5 15.8 4.0 78.8 Saudi Arabia 14.2 10.6 13.6 61.5 United Arab Emirates 1.3 4.3 3.1 91.3 Developing Oil Exporters 12.5 27.2 13.9 46.4 Algeria 26.7 50.7 3.0 19.6 Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.0 16.2 21.4 62.4 Iraq 25.8 15.6 13.4 45.2 Libya 3.5 68.8 10.7 17.0 Syrian Arab Republic 2.6 25.3 0.2 71.9 Yemen 5.8 5.5 29.5 59.3 Oil Importers 5.3 43.5 1.7 49.5 Oil importers with GCC links 10.5 7.7 2.0 79.8 Djibouti 0.7 1.9 0.0 97.3 Jordan 15.5 4.7 3.0 76.8 Lebanon 2.5 14.1 0.6 82.7 Oil importers with EU links 4.5 49.3 1.6 44.6 Egypt 5.4 31.3 2.0 61.3 Morocco 4.7 56.0 1.4 37.9 Tunisia 2.3 74.2 1.2 22.3 Memorandum League of Arab States 7.4 25.0 10.5 57.2 Source: World Bank data MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 19 Table 13. Imports from Trading Blocs, 2011 United States and European Union China (percent of Rest of the World Canada (percent of (percent of total) total) (percent of total) total) Middle East and North Africa 8.1 26.4 11.5 54.0 Oil Exporters 7.9 23.2 12.5 56.4 GCC 10.4 23.0 12.0 54.6 Bahrain 11.1 17.4 7.6 63.9 Kuwait 13.0 19.9 9.7 57.4 Oman 6.6 15.8 4.2 73.3 Qatar 13.4 27.0 5.4 54.2 Saudi Arabia 12.7 28.0 12.8 46.5 United Arab Emirates 8.8 21.1 13.7 56.4 Developing Oil Exporters 3.1 23.6 13.4 60.0 Algeria 5.2 52.1 10.0 32.7 Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.4 15.9 17.2 66.5 Iraq 8.0 13.0 11.6 67.4 Libya 4.2 31.6 8.9 55.4 Syrian Arab Republic 1.3 16.5 10.3 72.0 Yemen 4.3 11.5 11.8 72.4 Oil Importers 8.9 38.6 7.9 44.6 Oil importers with GCC links 8.4 27.6 9.6 54.4 Djibouti 4.2 7.7 16.1 72.0 Jordan 6.9 20.4 9.8 62.9 Lebanon 10.7 38.1 8.2 43.1 Oil importers with EU links 9.1 42.2 7.4 41.4 Egypt 11.5 29.4 9.1 50.0 Morocco 9.4 47.2 6.5 36.9 Tunisia 2.9 62.9 4.7 29.5 Memorandum League of Arab States 4.9 24.6 8.6 61.8 Source: World Bank data MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 20 Table 14. Trade in Goods within MENA (2008-2010) Exports Imports Percent of Percent Percent of Percent total trade of GDP total trade of GDP Middle East and North Africa 7.8 3.0 12.9 3.6 Oil Exporters 6.6 2.9 12.4 3.4 GCC 6.2 3.4 10.1 3.5 Bahrain 31.2 8.5 8.7 5.7 Kuwait 1.6 0.8 15.8 2.6 Oman 9.3 4.7 33.1 12.1 Qatar 4.6 2.1 16.9 4.0 Saudi Arabia 8.3 4.8 8.3 2.0 United Arab Emirates 3.8 2.3 6.7 4.3 Developing Oil Exporters 7.7 2.5 19.0 3.6 Algeria 3.2 1.2 3.8 1.0 Iran, Islamic Republic of 11.0 2.8 30.1 4.9 Iraq 0.3 0.2 … … Libya … … … … Syrian Arab Republic 36.0 8.0 14.5 4.8 Yemen 12.4 3.0 27.0 9.6 Oil Importers 11.0 3.7 14.7 5.4 Oil importers with GCC links 42.5 7.2 22.8 12.3 Djibouti … 3.8 31.4 20.0 Jordan 40.8 10.5 33.3 20.4 Lebanon 45.6 4.8 12.8 6.2 Oil importers with EU links 7.4 3.0 12.2 4.1 Egypt 13.3 3.8 12.4 3.3 Morocco 4.2 0.8 14.0 5.7 Tunisia 7.6 4.4 8.9 4.6 Memorandum League of Arab States 5.5 3.0 11.0 3.4 Source: World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), World Bank MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 21 Table 15. External sector Workers' Remittances (Billion US dollars) 2008 2009 2010 Middle East and North Africa 27.8 25.1 26.2 Oil Exporters 6.4 6.1 6.4 GCC 0.2 0.2 0.2 Bahrain … … … Kuwait … … … Oman … … … Qatar … … … Saudi Arabia 0.2 0.2 0.2 United Arab Emirates … … … Developing Oil Exporters 6.2 5.9 6.2 Algeria 2.2 2.1 2.0 Iran, Islamic Republic of 1.1 1.1 1.2 Iraq 0.1 0.1 0.1 Libya 0.0 0.0 0.0 Syrian Arab Republic 1.4 1.5 1.6 Yemen 1.4 1.2 1.2 Oil Importers 21.4 19.0 19.8 Oil importers with GCC links 11.0 11.2 11.2 Djibouti 0.0 0.0 0.0 Jordan 3.8 3.6 3.6 Lebanon 7.2 7.6 7.6 Oil importers with EU links 17.6 15.4 16.1 Egypt 8.7 7.1 7.7 Morocco 6.9 6.3 6.4 Tunisia 2.0 2.0 2.0 Memorandum League of Arab States 29.8 26.2 27.0 East Asia and the Pacific 84.9 85.3 94.0 Europe and Central Asia 45.0 36.1 36.0 Latin America and the Caribbean 64.4 56.6 57.3 South Asia 71.6 75.1 82.2 Sub-Saharan Africa 21.7 20.2 21.1 Source: World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 22 Table 15. External sector (Cont.) Tourism Revenues (Billion US dollars) 2008 2009 2010 Middle East and North Africa 45.7 44.2 48.0 Oil Exporters 17.3 17.5 18.7 GCC 10.9 10.3 11.6 Bahrain 1.9 1.9 2.2 Kuwait 0.6 0.7 0.5 Oman 1.1 1.1 1.3 Qatar … … … Saudi Arabia 7.2 6.7 7.7 United Arab Emirates … … … Developing Oil Exporters 6.4 7.1 7.1 Algeria 0.5 0.4 0.0 Iran, Islamic Republic of 2.2 2.3 0.0 Iraq … … … Libya 0.1 0.2 0.2 Syrian Arab Republic 3.2 3.8 6.3 Yemen 0.5 0.5 0.6 Oil Importers 28.4 26.7 29.3 Oil importers with GCC links 9.9 10.6 12.2 Djibouti 0.0 0.0 0.0 Jordan 3.5 3.5 4.0 Lebanon 6.3 7.2 8.2 Oil importers with EU links 24.9 23.3 25.3 Egypt 12.1 11.8 13.6 Morocco 8.9 8.0 8.2 Tunisia 3.9 3.5 3.5 Memorandum League of Arab States 43.9 42.2 48.1 East Asia and the Pacific 103.4 94.0 109.4 Europe and Central Asia 68.0 59.4 60.8 Latin America and the Caribbean 54.9 50.3 53.8 South Asia 15.4 14.4 18.0 Sub-Saharan Africa 23.9 22.0 24.9 MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 23 Table 15. External sector (Cont.) Foreign Direct Investment (Net inflows, Billion US dollars) 2008 2009 2010 Middle East and North Africa 78.6 71.5 51.0 Oil Exporters 61.2 58.8 40.3 GCC 48.0 47.5 29.7 Bahrain 1.8 0.3 0.2 Kuwait 0.0 1.1 0.1 Oman 3.0 1.5 2.3 Qatar 3.8 8.1 5.5 Saudi Arabia 39.5 36.5 21.6 United Arab Emirates Developing Oil Exporters 13.2 11.3 10.6 Algeria 2.6 2.8 2.3 Iran, Islamic Republic of 1.6 3.0 3.6 Iraq 1.9 1.5 1.4 Libya 4.1 1.4 1.8 Syrian Arab Republic 1.5 2.6 1.5 Yemen 1.6 0.1 0.1 Oil Importers 17.4 12.7 10.7 Oil importers with GCC links 7.4 7.3 6.0 Djibouti 0.2 0.1 0.0 Jordan 2.8 2.4 1.7 Lebanon 4.3 4.8 4.3 Oil importers with EU links 14.6 10.3 9.0 Egypt 9.5 6.7 6.4 Morocco 2.5 2.0 1.2 Tunisia 2.6 1.6 1.4 Memorandum League of Arab States 80.0 70.3 49.6 East Asia and the Pacific 214.8 138.2 231.3 Europe and Central Asia 162.1 85.3 87.0 Latin America and the Caribbean 131.1 79.0 117.4 South Asia 51.0 39.4 27.9 Sub-Saharan Africa 37.8 33.1 25.0 MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 24 Table 15. External sector (Cont.) Net Official Development Assisstance (Billion US dollars) 2008 2009 2010 Middle East and North Africa 15.3 7.3 6.4 Oil Exporters 11.0 4.2 3.3 GCC … 0.2 0.0 Bahrain … … … Kuwait … … … Oman … 0.2 0.0 Qatar … … … Saudi Arabia … … … United Arab Emirates … … … Developing Oil Exporters 11.0 4.0 3.3 Algeria 0.3 0.3 0.2 Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.1 0.1 0.1 Iraq 9.9 2.8 2.2 Libya 0.1 0.0 0.0 Syrian Arab Republic 0.2 0.2 0.1 Yemen 0.4 0.6 0.7 Oil Importers 4.3 3.2 3.1 Oil importers with GCC links 1.9 1.5 1.5 Djibouti 0.1 0.2 0.1 Jordan 0.7 0.7 1.0 Lebanon 1.1 0.6 0.4 Oil importers with EU links 3.6 2.4 2.1 Egypt 1.7 1.0 0.6 Morocco 1.5 0.9 1.0 Tunisia 0.4 0.5 0.6 Memorandum League of Arab States 19.0 10.7 9.3 East Asia and the Pacific 9.1 10.2 9.9 Europe and Central Asia 7.2 8.1 7.2 Latin America and the Caribbean 9.3 9.0 10.8 South Asia 12.3 14.6 15.4 Sub-Saharan Africa 40.7 44.6 45.1 MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 25 Table 16. Food Prices and Imports International Food prices Corn Rice Wheat Sugar cents/Bushel $/mt $/mt cents/kg 2011M01 240 468 327 65 2011M02 262 473 348 65 2011M03 259 456 317 58 2011M04 288 448 336 54 2011M05 280 448 355 48 2011M06 283 474 326 56 2011M07 272 507 304 62 2011M08 287 534 327 61 2011M09 268 556 316 59 2011M10 246 560 289 56 2011M11 245 584 281 53 2011M12 235 566 269 51 2012M01 246 534 275 52 2012M02 253 … 278 53 2012M03 255 … 284 53 2012M04 250 … 266 50 2012M05 247 … 264 46 2012M06 247 578 276 45 2012M07 308 555 346 50 2012M08 318 … … … Source: World Bank. Net Imports in Percent of Domestic Consumption, 2010 Corn Rice Wheat Sugar MENA 64 48 43 71 Algeria 96 99 60 89 Bahrain … … 100 100 Egypt 43 0 53 37 Iran 57 36 0 61 Iraq 40 93 63 100 Jordan 100 100 93 98 Kuwait 100 100 100 100 Lebanon 92 100 83 100 Morocco 90 39 42 57 Oman … 83 100 91 Saudi Arabia 95 100 70 100 Syria 95 100 24 83 Tunisia 100 … 61 100 United Arab Emirates … 100 100 82 Yemen 91 100 79 100 Source: USDA, World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 26 Table 17. Poverty Rates Percent of population Percent of population below $1.25 a day below $2.00 a day 1990 2008 1990 2008 Algeria 6.2 2.7 21.8 13.9 Djibouti 21.4 13.8 44.8 33.8 Egypt 5.2 1.7 29.4 15.4 Iran 3.9 0.9 13.1 5.4 Iraq 9.3 2.2 37.1 18.7 Jordan 1.5 0.1 11.1 2.1 Morocco 4.1 2.1 19.8 12.2 Syria 2.8 0.3 20.6 6.8 Tunisia 5.9 0.8 19.0 5.6 Yemen 18.5 17.1 44.9 46.0 Percent of population below $1.25 a day 1981 1984 1987 1990 East Asia and Pacific 77.2 65 54.1 56.2 China 84 69.4 54 60.2 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.9 Latin America and the Caribbean 11.9 13.6 12 12.2 Middle East and North Africa 9.6 8 7.1 5.8 South Asia 61.1 57.4 55.3 53.8 Sub-Saharan Africa 51.5 55.2 54.4 56.5 Number of people (in millions) below $1.25 a day 1981 1984 1987 1990 East Asia and Pacific 1096.5 970 847.6 926.4 China 835.1 719.9 585.7 683.2 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 8.2 6.9 6.8 8.9 Latin America and the Caribbean 43.3 52.9 49.3 53.4 Middle East and North Africa 16.5 15.1 14.6 13 South Asia 568.4 573.8 593 617.3 Sub-Saharan Africa 204.9 239.1 256.8 289.7 Percent of population below $2.00 a day 1981 1984 1987 1990 East Asia and Pacific 92.4 88.3 81.6 81 China 97.8 92.9 83.7 84.6 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 8.3 6.7 6.3 6.9 Latin America and the Caribbean 23.8 26.8 22.4 22.4 Middle East and North Africa 30.1 27.1 26.1 23.5 South Asia 87.2 85.6 84.5 83.6 Sub-Saharan Africa 72.2 74.7 74.3 76 Number of people (in millions) below $2.00 a day 1981 1984 1987 1990 East Asia and Pacific 1312.9 1316.3 1279 1333.8 China 972.1 963.3 907.1 960.8 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 35.7 29.5 28.8 31.9 Latin America and the Caribbean 86.6 104.2 92.2 97.6 Middle East and North Africa 51.8 51.2 53.9 52.9 South Asia 810.6 854.8 905.9 958.8 Sub-Saharan Africa 287.6 323.8 350.4 389.2 Source: POVCAL Net, World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 27 Table 17. Poverty rates (Cont.) Percent of population below $1.25 a day 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 East Asia and Pacific 50.7 35.9 35.6 27.6 17.1 14.3 China 53.7 36.4 35.6 28.4 16.3 13.1 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 2.9 3.9 3.8 2.3 1.3 0.5 Latin America and the Caribbean 11.4 11.1 11.9 11.9 8.7 6.5 Middle East and North Africa 4.8 4.8 5 4.2 3.5 2.7 South Asia 51.7 48.6 45.1 44.3 39.4 36 Sub-Saharan Africa 59.4 58.1 58 55.7 52.3 47.5 Number of people (in millions) below $1.25 a day 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 East Asia and Pacific 870.8 639.7 655.6 523.1 332 284.4 China 632.7 442.8 446.3 363.1 212 173 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 13.7 18.2 17.8 10.6 6.3 2.2 Latin America and the Caribbean 52.5 53.6 60.1 62.7 47.6 36.8 Middle East and North Africa 11.5 12.3 13.6 12 10.5 8.6 South Asia 631.9 630.8 619.5 640.5 598 570.9 Sub-Saharan Africa 330 349.4 376.8 390.4 395 386 Percent of population below $2.00 a day 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 East Asia and Pacific 75.8 64 61.7 51.9 39 33.2 China 78.6 65.1 61.4 51.2 36.9 29.8 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 9.2 11.2 12.1 7.9 4.6 2.2 Latin America and the Caribbean 21.7 21 22 22.2 16.7 12.4 Middle East and North Africa 22.1 22.2 22 19.7 17.4 13.9 South Asia 82.7 80.7 77.8 77.4 73.4 70.9 Sub-Saharan Africa 78.1 77.5 77.5 76.1 74.1 69.2 Number of people (in millions) below $2.00 a day 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 East Asia and Pacific 1300.7 1139.9 1137.6 983.9 757.5 659.2 China 926.3 792.1 769.7 654.9 481.6 394.6 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 43.1 52.8 57 37.2 21.7 10.4 Latin America and the Caribbean 99.9 101.7 111.4 117.6 91.7 70.5 Middle East and North Africa 53.5 57.1 59.8 56.8 52.7 44.4 South Asia 1010.4 1047.3 1068.8 1119.7 1113 1124.6 Sub-Saharan Africa 434 466 503.3 533.3 559.1 562.3 MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 28 Table 18. Crude oil prices Nominal (US$/bbl) Real (2005 US$/bbl) Brent WTI Brent WTI 1979 32 … 46 … 1980 38 … 50 … 1981 37 … 48 … 1982 33 33 45 44 1983 30 30 41 42 1984 29 29 41 42 1985 27 28 39 40 1986 15 15 18 19 1987 18 19 21 22 1988 15 16 16 17 1989 18 20 20 21 1990 24 24 24 25 1991 20 21 21 22 1992 19 21 20 21 1993 17 19 17 19 1994 16 17 16 17 1995 17 18 16 17 1996 21 22 20 21 1997 19 20 20 21 1998 13 14 14 15 1999 18 19 20 21 2000 28 30 32 34 2001 24 26 29 31 2002 25 26 30 31 2003 29 31 32 34 2004 38 41 39 43 2005 54 56 54 56 2006 65 66 64 65 2007 73 72 67 67 2008 98 100 83 85 2009 62 62 57 56 2010 80 79 71 70 2011 111 95 90 77 Source: World Bank. Note: Real prices deflated by World Bank MUV Index including 15 countries. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 29 Table 19. Health Indicators Malnutrition Life Mortality rate, Fertility rate, prevalence, weight expectancy at infant (per 1,000 total (births for age (% of birth, (years) live births) per woman) children under 5) 2010 2010 2010 Recent available year Middle East and North Africa 72.4 24.0 2.9 11.3 Oil Exporters 72.1 25.4 2.9 12.9 GCC 74.7 12.2 2.7 2.9 Bahrain 75.0 9.0 3.0 8.7 Kuwait 75.0 10.0 2.0 1.7 Oman 73.0 8.0 2.0 17.8 Qatar 78.0 7.0 2.0 5.5 Saudi Arabia 74.0 15.0 3.0 United Arab Emirates 77.0 6.0 2.0 7.0 Developing Oil Exporters 71.6 28.4 3.0 15.2 Algeria 73.0 31.0 2.0 10.4 Iran, Islamic Republic of 73.0 22.0 2.0 10.9 Iraq 68.0 31.0 5.0 15.9 Libya 75.0 13.0 3.0 Syrian Arab Republic 76.0 14.0 3.0 6.9 Yemen 65.0 57.0 5.0 45.6 Oil Importers 72.8 21.5 2.7 8.3 Oil importers with GCC links 71.4 22.8 3.2 5.0 Djibouti 58.0 73.0 4.0 18.2 Jordan 73.0 18.0 4.0 4.4 Lebanon 72.0 19.0 2.0 3.0 Oil importers with EU links 72.9 21.4 2.7 8.6 Egypt 73.0 19.0 3.0 8.6 Morocco 72.0 30.0 2.0 10.2 Tunisia 75.0 14.0 2.0 4.0 Memorandum League of Arab States 66.9 44.7 3.9 15.0 East Asia and the Pacific 72.0 20.0 2.0 4.8 Europe and Central Asia 71.0 19.0 2.0 7.3 Latin America and the Caribbean 74.0 18.0 2.0 45.3 South Asia 65.0 52.0 3.0 29.4 Sub-Saharan Africa 54.0 76.0 5.0 25.6 Sources: World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 30 Table 20. Education Indicators Gross primary school Adult literacy rate, Youth literacy rate, Gross secondary school enrollment, (percent (percent of people (percent of people enrollment, (percent school age ages 15+) ages 15-24) school age population) population) Recent available years Recent available years Recent available years Recent available years Middle East and North Africa 73.4 90.4 100.5 85.2 Oil Exporters 75.8 93.3 96.9 85.1 GCC 82.7 97.6 99.9 98.1 Bahrain 91.3 100.0 119.5 102.1 Kuwait 93.3 99.7 96.4 88.7 Oman 81.4 97.3 82.5 100.0 Qatar 94.7 98.0 103.0 94.0 Saudi Arabia 86.1 98.0 100.0 101.0 United Arab Emirates 62.0 95.0 103.8 90.0 Developing Oil Exporters 74.3 92.4 96.2 82.1 Algeria 69.9 90.1 110.5 95.0 Iran, Islamic Republic of 77.0 99.0 108.0 84.0 Iraq 78.0 83.0 44.8 98.5 Libya 88.8 100.0 … … Syrian Arab Republic 84.1 94.0 118.0 72.0 Yemen 55.0 84.0 87.3 44.0 Oil Importers 69.3 85.2 106.6 85.4 Oil importers with GCC links 87.2 97.6 96.6 81.1 Djibouti 67.9 … 55.0 30.0 Jordan 89.9 99.1 96.7 88.7 Lebanon 87.4 95.4 105.0 81.0 Oil importers with EU links 67.7 84.2 107.5 85.8 Egypt 71.4 84.9 106.0 98.5 Morocco 56.0 79.0 111.0 52.4 Tunisia 74.3 94.3 108.3 90.0 Memorandum League of Arab States 73.0 87.4 93.5 60.3 East Asia and the Pacific 93.5 98.7 111.1 76.0 Europe and Central Asia 97.9 99.2 98.4 89.1 Latin America and the Caribbean 91.1 97.0 116.8 89.6 South Asia 61.1 78.7 110.5 55.0 Sub-Saharan Africa 62.3 71.9 99.9 36.0 Source: World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 31 Table 21. Gender Indicators Mortality Literacy rate, Life rate, adult, adult female expectancy at female (per (percent of birth, female 1,000 female females ages 15 (years) adults) and above) 2010 2010 2009 Middle East and North Africa 74 96 62 Oil exporters 74 101 65 GCC 76 86 77 Bahrain 76 73 90 Kuwait 76 62 85 Oman 76 76 40 Qatar 78 59 93 Saudi Arabia 75 96 81 United Arab Emirates 78 68 65 Developing oil exporters 74 104 62 Algeria 74 102 64 Iran, Islamic Rep. 75 80 59 Iraq 72 125 70 Libya 77 85 82 Syrian Arab Republic 77 72 78 Yemen, Rep. 67 186 45 Oil importers 75 88 57 Oil importers with GCC links 74 114 75 Djibouti 59 279 … Jordan 75 99 64 Lebanon 75 101 91 Oil importers with EU links 75 85 56 Egypt 75 85 58 Morocco 74 91 44 Tunisia 77 69 74 Memorandum League of Arab States 72 121 61 East Asia and the Pacific 74 105 91 Europe and Central Asia 75 … 97 Latin America and the Caribbean 77 98 90 South Asia 67 166 50 Sub-Saharan Africa 55 346 54 Source: World Bank. Notes: Regional and sub regional aggregates are weighted by population except for female labor force share by total labor force. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 32 Table 21. Gender Indicators (Cont.) Literacy School School rate, youth enrollment, enrollment, female primary, secondary, (percent of female female females ages (percent (percent 2009 2009 2009 Middle East and North Africa 88 105 86 Oil exporters 91 107 86 GCC 97 102 93 Bahrain 100 … … Kuwait 99 … … Oman 98 104 100 Qatar 98 106 100 Saudi Arabia 97 102 92 United Arab Emirates Developing oil exporters 90 108 84 Algeria 89 107 96 Iran, Islamic Rep. 99 108 81 Iraq 80 … … Libya 100 … … Syrian Arab Republic 93 114 72 Yemen, Rep. 72 … … Oil importers 82 103 88 Oil importers with GCC links 99 92 77 Djibouti … 51 26 Jordan 99 … … Lebanon 99 101 88 Oil importers with EU links 81 104 93 Egypt 82 103 … Morocco 72 104 … Tunisia 96 107 93 Memorandum League of Arab States 82 99 72 East Asia and the Pacific 99 112 78 Europe and Central Asia 99 98 87 Latin America and the Caribbean 97 115 93 South Asia 72 .. 51 Sub-Saharan Africa 67 95 32 MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 33 Table 21. Gender Indicators (Cont.) Labor force, Proportion of Ratio of female seats held by female to (percent of women in male primary total labor national enrollment force) parliament 2009 2010 2010 Middle East and North Africa 96 20 7 Oil exporters 98 18 8 GCC 98 16 5 Bahrain … 19 3 Kuwait … 24 8 Oman 97 18 0 Qatar 99 12 0 Saudi Arabia 98 15 0 United Arab Emirates … 15 23 Developing oil exporters 98 18 8 Algeria 94 17 8 Iran, Islamic Rep. 99 18 3 Iraq … 18 25 Libya … 28 8 Syrian Arab Republic 97 15 12 Yemen, Rep. … 26 0 Oil importers 95 25 6 Oil importers with GCC links 96 23 6 Djibouti 89 35 14 Jordan … 18 6 Lebanon 98 26 3 Oil importers with EU links 95 25 7 Egypt 96 24 2 Morocco 93 27 11 Tunisia 96 27 28 Memorandum League of Arab States 95 22 11 East Asia and the Pacific 101 44 19 Europe and Central Asia 99 45 15 Latin America and the Caribbean 97 41 24 South Asia … 27 19 Sub-Saharan Africa 92 46 20 MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 34 Table 22. Doing Business indicators, 2011 Starting a Business - Starting a Business - Starting a Business - Starting a Business - Paid-in Min. Procedures Cost (percent of Time (days) Capital (percent of (number) income per capita) income per capita) Middle East and North Africa 7.7 17.4 35.7 77.5 Oil Exporters 7.9 20.1 25.3 75.1 GCC 7.0 13.2 4.1 111.2 Bahrain 7.0 9.0 0.7 259.8 Kuwait 12.0 32.0 1.2 71.8 Oman 5.0 8.0 3.1 271.7 Qatar 8.0 12.0 8.3 64.0 Saudi Arabia 3.0 5.0 5.9 0.0 United Arab Emirates 7.0 13.0 5.6 0.0 Developing Oil Exporters 8.8 27.0 46.5 38.9 Algeria 14.0 25.0 12.1 30.6 Iran, Islamic Republic of 6.0 8.0 3.8 0.7 Iraq 11.0 77.0 115.7 35.5 Syrian Arab Republic 7.0 13.0 17.1 127.7 Yemen 6.0 12.0 83.8 0.0 Oil Importers 7.5 14.7 46.1 80.0 Oil importers with GCC links 7.7 19.3 83.6 156.4 Djibouti 11.0 37.0 169.8 434.0 Jordan 7.0 12.0 13.9 0.0 Lebanon 5.0 9.0 67.1 35.3 Oil importers with EU links 7.3 10.0 8.5 3.6 Egypt 6.0 7.0 5.6 0.0 Morocco 6.0 12.0 15.7 10.7 Tunisia 10.0 11.0 4.2 0.0 Memorandum League of Arab States 8.8 25.8 46.5 64.2 East Asia and the Pacific 7.0 37.0 22.7 20.1 Europe and Central Asia 6.0 16.0 8.3 10.0 Latin America and the Caribbean 9.0 54.0 37.3 4.3 South Asia 7.0 23.0 21.6 19.1 Sub-Saharan Africa 8.0 37.0 81.2 129.8 Source: Doing Business 2010, World Bank Note: Regional and sub regional aggregates are simple averages. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 35 Table 23. Technology Indicators Fixed line and Access to Roads, paved mobile phone Internet users (per electricity (percent (percent of total subscribers (per 100 people) of population) roads) 100 people) 2009 2010 2009 2010 Middle East and North Africa 94 113 82 24 Oil exporters 90 118 78 19 GCC 99 189 57 51 Bahrain 99 142 82 55 Kuwait 100 182 … 38 Oman 98 176 46 62 Qatar 99 149 … 82 Saudi Arabia 99 203 … 41 United Arab Emirates 100 165 … 78 Developing oil exporters 88 102 80 12 Algeria 99 101 74 13 Iran, Islamic Rep. 98 128 … 13 Iraq 86 80 … 2 Libya 191 … 14 Syrian Arab Republic 93 78 90 21 Yemen, Rep. 40 50 … 12 Oil importers 99 104 84 33 Oil importers with GCC links 100 106 100 33 Djibouti … … … … Jordan 100 118 100 39 Lebanon 100 89 … 31 Oil importers with EU links 99 104 83 34 Egypt, Arab Rep. 100 99 89 27 Morocco 97 112 70 49 Tunisia 100 118 75 37 Memorandum League of Arab States 85 98 82 27 East Asia and the Pacific 91 92 31 30 Europe and Central Asia … 150 86 39 Latin America and the Caribbean 93 117 22 34 South Asia 62 62 54 8 Sub-Saharan Africa 32 46 19 11 Source: World Bank. Notes: Regional and sub regional aggregates are weighted by population. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 36 Table 24. Water and Energy Improved sanitation Improved water source CO2 emissions Energy use (kg of facilities (percent of (percent of population (metric tons per oil equivalent per population with with access) capita) capita) access) 2009 2009 2008 2009 Middle East and North Africa 89 86 6 2049 Oil exporters 86 87 8 2749 GCC 98 79 20 7068 Bahrain 21 8096 Kuwait 99 100 30 11402 Oman 89 17 5554 Qatar 100 100 49 14911 Saudi Arabia 17 5888 United Arab Emirates 100 98 25 8588 Developing oil exporters 85 88 5 1791 Algeria 83 95 3 1138 Iran, Islamic Rep. 96 100 7 2951 Iraq 79 73 3 1035 Libya 97 9 3258 Syrian Arab Republic 89 94 4 1123 Yemen, Rep. 55 52 1 324 Oil importers 94 85 2 831 Oil importers with GCC links 97 57 4 1282 Djibouti 88 50 1 Jordan 97 98 4 1260 Lebanon 100 4 1580 Oil importers with EU links 94 88 2 790 Egypt, Arab Rep. 99 95 3 903 Morocco 82 70 2 477 Tunisia 94 85 2 881 Memorandum League of Arab States 81 72 4 1574 East Asia and the Pacific 89 65 4 1436 Europe and Central Asia 96 85 8 2831 Latin America and the Caribbean 94 78 3 1245 South Asia 89 37 1 514 Sub-Saharan Africa 61 30 1 689 Sources: World Development Indicators, World Bank. Notes: Regional and sub regional aggregates are weighted by population MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 37 Table 25. Millenium Development Goals, MENA 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) 40 40 40 41 41 Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) 27 26 25 26 24 GDP per person employed (constant 1990 PPP $) 10,861 10,583 11,032 11,832 13,090 Income share held by lowest 20% .. .. .. .. .. Malnutrition prevalence, weight for age (% of children under 5) 12 .. .. .. 8 Poverty gap at $1.25 a day (PPP) (%) 1 1 1 1 1 Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population) 6 5 5 3 3 Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) .. .. .. .. 36 Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15-24) 67 .. 80 .. 87 Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24) 84 .. 90 .. 93 Persistence to last grade of primary, total (% of cohort) .. .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. 83 92 88 Total enrollment, primary (% net) .. .. 87 92 91 Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 4 4 4 7 9 Ratio of female to male primary enrollment (%) 82 .. 89 91 93 Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment (%) 75 .. 90 93 93 Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) 55 .. 76 91 97 Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector (% of total .. 17.5 16.0 17.8 .. nonagricultural employment) Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 83 84 90 87 88 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 56 47 39 32 27 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 74 60 49 40 34 Goal 5: Improve maternal health Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) .. 47 43 40 37 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 47 .. 71 .. 81 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15-49) 42 .. 61 .. 62 Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 210 160 120 98 88 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. .. .. 85 Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15-49) .. .. .. .. .. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 38 Table 25. Millenium Development Goals (Cont.) 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Children with fever receiving antimalarial drugs (% of children under . . . . . age 5 with fever) Condom use, population ages 15-24, female (% of females ages 15-24) . . . . . Condom use, population ages 15-24, male (% of males ages 15-24) . . . . . Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 61 61 54 47 42 Prevalence of HIV, female (% ages 15-24) . . . . 0.1 Prevalence of HIV, male (% ages 15-24) . . . . 0.1 Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Tuberculosis case detection rate (%, all forms) 59 69 72 70 73 Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability CO2 emissions (kg per PPP $ of GDP) 1 1 1 1 1 CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) 3 3 3 4 4 Forest area (% of land area) 2.4 . 2.4 2.4 2.4 Improved sanitation facilities (% of population with access) 73 76 81 86 88 Improved water source (% of population with access) 86 87 87 88 89 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1 1 1 2 2 Net ODA received per capita (current US$) 52 22 17 93 37 Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Debt service (PPG and IMF only, % of exports, excluding workers' . . 12 10 8 remittances) Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.0 0.9 8.3 20.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0 0 2 22 86 Telephone lines (per 100 people) 3 5 9 14 16 Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 5 4 3 3 3 Source: World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 39 Table 26. Millenium Development Goals, others EAP ECA LAC SA SSA World Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) 70 54 62 55 64 60 Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) 53 34 45 37 46 43 GDP per person employed (constant 1990 PPP $) 12,096 17,948 17,509 7,986 3,558 17,980 Income share held by lowest 20% .. .. .. .. .. .. Malnutrition prevalence, weight for age (% of children under 5) 6 2 3 33 22 .. Poverty gap at $1.25 a day (PPP) (%) 3 0 3 9 21 .. Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population) 14 0 6 36 48 .. Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) .. 19 31 81 .. .. Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15-24) 99 99 97 72 67 87 Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24) 99 99 97 85 77 92 Persistence to last grade of primary, total (% of cohort) .. .. .. .. .. .. Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 95 102 86 67 88 Total enrollment, primary (% net) .. 94 95 91 76 90 Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 19 15 24 19 20 19 Ratio of female to male primary enrollment (%) 101 99 97 95 92 96 Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment (%) 105 96 108 88 79 97 Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) 108 122 126 69 63 108 Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector (% of total .. 48.3 .. .. .. .. nonagricultural employment) Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 95 96 93 77 75 85 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 20 19 18 52 76 41 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 24 23 23 67 121 58 Goal 5: Improve maternal health Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) 19 27 72 73 108 53 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 91 98 90 48 46 66 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15-49) 78 69 75 51 22 62 Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 89 34 86 290 650 260 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) 92 .. 97 71 74 84 Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15-49) .. .. .. 15 25 .. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 40 Table 26. Millenium Development Goals (Cont.) EAP ECA LAC SA SSA World Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Children with fever receiving antimalarial drugs (% of children under .. .. .. 7 38 .. age 5 with fever) Condom use, population ages 15-24, female (% of females ages 15-24) .. .. .. 6 19 .. Condom use, population ages 15-24, male (% of males ages 15-24) .. .. .. 15 36 .. Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 123 90 43 192 271 128 Prevalence of HIV, female (% ages 15-24) .. 0.2 .. 0.1 3.8 0.7 Prevalence of HIV, male (% ages 15-24) .. 0.1 .. 0.1 1.5 0.4 Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.3 5.5 0.8 Tuberculosis case detection rate (%, all forms) 76 73 80 58 60 65 Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability CO2 emissions (kg per PPP $ of GDP) 1 1 0 0 0 0 CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) 4 8 3 1 1 5 Forest area (% of land area) 29.6 38.6 47.0 17.1 28.0 31.1 Improved sanitation facilities (% of population with access) 66 84 79 38 31 62 Improved water source (% of population with access) 90 96 94 90 61 88 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1 10 13 2 6 10 Net ODA received per capita (current US$) 5 18 19 9 53 19 Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Debt service (PPG and IMF only, % of exports, excluding workers' 1 5 6 3 3 .. remittances) Internet users (per 100 people) 29.8 39.3 34.0 8.1 11.3 30.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 73 124 98 59 45 78 Telephone lines (per 100 people) 19 26 18 3 1 17 Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 2 2 2 3 5 2 Source: World Bank. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 41 Glossary Indicators Access to electricity refers to the number of people with access to electricity (both on-grid and off-grid) as a percentage of the total population. Adult female literacy is the percentage of women ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday lives. Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday lives. CO2 emissions are carbon dioxide emissions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include contributions to the carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. CPI inflation rates are measured by the consumer price index and reflect the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used. Energy use refers to apparent consumption, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock exchanges, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. Exports of goods and services are the value of all goods and non-factor services provided to the rest of the world. Exports of goods and services include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formally called factor services) as well as transfer payments. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 42 Glossary Food imports comprises the commodities in SITC sections 0 (food and live animals), 1 (beverages and tobacco), and 4 (animal and vegetable oils and fats) and SITC division 22 (oil seeds, oil nuts, and oil kernels). Foreign direct investment, is the inflow of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short- term capital as shown in the balance of payments. Fuel exports comprise SITC section 3 (mineral fuels). Fuels imports comprise the commodities in SITC section 3 (mineral fuels). GDP growth rates Annual percentage growth rate of GDP at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. GDP in current US dollars, at purchaser’s prices, is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. Gross primary school enrollment is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematic skills along with elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art and music. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 43 Glossary Gross school enrollment, primary, female is the ratio of female enrollment, regardless of age, to the female population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding or such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art and music. Gross school enrollment, secondary, female is the ratio of female enrollment, regardless of age, to the female population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development by offering more subject- and skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers. Gross secondary school enrollment is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers. Imports of goods and services are the value of all goods and non-factor services received from the rest of the world as a share of GDP. Imports of goods and services include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formally called factor services) as well as transfer payments. Improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of the population with at least adequate excreta disposal facilities (private or shared, but not public) that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 44 Glossary toilets with sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained. Improved water source refers to the percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, and rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within one kilometer of the dwelling. Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year. Internal freshwater resources per capita refer to internal renewable resources, which include internal flows of rivers and groundwater from rainfall in the country. It does not include net river flows from other countries. Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network. For more details, see the International Telecommunication Union World Telecommunication Development Report. Labor force comprises people ages 15-64 who meet the International Labor Organization definition of the economically active population (all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period). It includes both the employed and unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal and part-time workers, in general the labor force includes armed forces, the unemployed and first- time job seekers but excludes homemakers, other unpaid caregivers, and workers in the informal sector. Labor force, female is the number of females ages 15-64 in the labor force divided by the total labor force ages 15-64. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 45 Glossary Life expectancy at birth for females indicates the number of years a newborn girl would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of birth were to stay the same throughout her life. Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of birth were to stay the same throughout the course of his or her life. Malnutrition prevalence, weight for age is the percentage of children under 5 years of age whose weight for age is more than two standard deviations below the median reference standard for their age as established by the World Health Organization, the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the US National Center for Health Statistics. Figures are based on children under age three, four, or five, depending on country sources. Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die during pregnancy and childbirth per 100,000 live births. The data are estimated using a regression model that takes into account information on fertility, birth attendants, and HIV prevalence. Millennium Developments Indicators (MDGs) please see: www.worldbank.org/data Merchandise exports represent the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world. Mobile phones refers to users of portable telephones subscribing to an automatic public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network. Net official development assistance (ODA) consists of disbursements of loans made on concessional terms (net of repayments of principal) and grants by official agencies of the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), by multilateral institutions, and by non-DAC countries to promote MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 46 Glossary economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. It includes loans with a grant element of at least 25 percent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent). Non-oil merchandise exports refers to the share of total merchandise exports made up by exports of goods included under SITC section 3. Per capita GDP at current US dollars is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per capita GDP growth rates Annual percentage growth rate of GDP per capita based on constant local currency. GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. For more details, see the International Telecommunication Union World Telecommunication Development Report. Population growth rates are calculated from population totals using an exponential growth rate equation, and reflect the average annual rate for the period indicated. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status except refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 47 Glossary Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament is the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber of the legislature occupied by women Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary schools is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools. Starting a business indicators identify the bureaucratic and legal hurdles an entrepreneur must overcome to incorporate and register a new firm. They examine the procedures, time, and cost involved in launching a commercial or industrial firm with up to 50 employees and start-up capital of 10 times the economy's per capita gross national income. Total fertility rate is the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with prevailing age-specific fertility rates. Tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts should include any other prepayment made for goods and services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15- 24) refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 48 Glossary Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Workers’ remittances are current transfers by migrants who are employed or intend to remain employed for more than a year in another economy in which they are considered residents. Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 that can, with understanding, read and writes a short, simple statement on their everyday lives. Youth literacy, females is the percentage of women ages 15- 24 who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday lives. MENA Little Data Book September 2012 | 49 The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. Telephone: 202 473 1000 Fax: 202 522 2510 Web site: www.worldbank.org/mena Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt