J MINISTRY OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE GHANA COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE PROJECT (GCAP) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) OF THE REHABILITATION AND MODERNISATION OF THE KPONG IRRIGATION SCHEME (KIS) FINAL REPORT GCAP /MoFA ESIA PROJECT TEAM Responsibility/ No. Name Position Qualification Contribution to Report Seth A. Chief Consultant, MSc (Applied Science), -Quality Assurance 1. Larmie Team Leader VUB Brussels MSc (Environmental Policy and -Consultations Principal Management), -Review of project Emmanuel Consultant, University of Hull, UK 2. designs and relevant K. Acquah Environmental BSc & PgD (Mining policies and regulations Assessment Expert Engineering), UMaT, Tarkwa -Review of project MPhil (Environmental designs and relevant Senior Consultant Science) University of policies and regulations Nana Yaw Ghana, Legon -Alternatives 3. Environmental Otu-Ansah Scientist BSc (Hons) Chemistry, consideration KNUST-Kumasi -Impact analysis -Consultations -Flora/Fauna Terms of Reference for the Dr. James Associate Ph.D. (Ecology), Scoping Report 4. Consultant, University of Ghana, Detailed ESIA Study Adomako Terrestrial Ecologist Legon Terrestrial Flora and Fauna Study -Terms of Reference for the aquatic life study Prof. Francis Associate Ph.D. (Fisheries Science), 5. Consultant, Aquatic University of Ghana Detailed ESIA Study K E Nunoo Biologist Aquatic Ecology Study of the Volta River -Stakeholder Consultations MSc .(Environmental Consultant Monitoring and -Socioeconomic and Ewuresi environmental baseline 6. Management) The Opoku (Mrs) Environmental Scientist University of studies Nottingham, UK -Drafting of Report Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page i May 2019 GCAP /MoFA TABLE OF CONTENT ESIA PROJECT TEAM ............................................................................................................................................... I TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................................................................. II LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF PLATES..................................................................................................................................................... VI ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................... VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... X 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE GCAP KIS INTERVENTION ....................................................................................................... 2 1.3 PURPOSE/AIM AND BASIS OF THE ESIA STUDY ...................................................................................................... 2 1.4 SCOPE OF WORKS FOR THE ESIA STUDY ............................................................................................................... 3 1.5 APPROACH/METHODOLOGY FOR THE ESIA STUDY ................................................................................................. 3 1.5.1 Review of Available Literature ................................................................................................................ 3 1.5.2 Participation in project technical meetings to appreciate ongoing design issues and concerns ............ 4 1.5.3 Field inspections and Trekking ................................................................................................................ 5 1.5.4 Public/Stakeholder Identification and Consultations .............................................................................. 5 1.6 DATA ANALYSIS AND REPORTING ........................................................................................................................ 5 2.0 RELEVANT POLICIES, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS ......................................................... 6 2.1 KEY POLICIES, LAWS AND INSTITUTIONS ................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES .................................................................................................................. 22 2.3 RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY GUIDELINES ............................................................................................... 26 2.4 RELEVANT LEGAL APPROVALS - PERMIT/LICENCES/CERTIFICATES ............................................................................ 26 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................27 3.1 LOCATION OF THE PROPOSED REHABILITATION AND MODERNIZATION PROJECT ......................................................... 27 3.2 THE EXISTING IRRIGATION SCHEME .................................................................................................................... 29 3.2.1 Section A (Akuse Area) .......................................................................................................................... 32 3.2.2 Section B (Asutsuare Area).................................................................................................................... 37 3.2.3 Section C (High level Canal) .................................................................................................................. 39 3.2.4 Lagoons and Lukwe River...................................................................................................................... 41 3.3 CURRENT FARM OPERATIONS AND AGRICULTURE PRACTICES .................................................................................. 41 3.3.1 Cropping Pattern ................................................................................................................................... 42 3.3.2 Yield Expectations and Production ........................................................................................................ 43 3.3.3 Typology of farmers .............................................................................................................................. 44 3.3.4 Private Companies Cultivating Outside of the KIS................................................................................. 46 3.3.5 Milling, Drying Floors and Warehousing............................................................................................... 47 3.3.6 Agricultural Input Suppliers .................................................................................................................. 51 3.3.7 Irrigation Demand and Likelihood of Additional Land for Allocation .................................................... 52 3.3.8 Equipment and Machinery .................................................................................................................... 52 3.3.9 Cropping Pattern and Irrigation Scheduling ......................................................................................... 55 3.4 SCHEME MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................. 56 3.5 COMPLIANCE OF THE CURRENT SCHEME WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS .......................................... 57 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page ii May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 3.5.1 Waste management ............................................................................................................................. 57 3.5.2 Soil Management .................................................................................................................................. 59 3.5.3 Water Quality Management ................................................................................................................. 59 3.5.4 Health and Safety ................................................................................................................................. 59 3.5.5 Sanitation .............................................................................................................................................. 60 3.5.6 Compliance with Statutory Requirements ............................................................................................ 60 3.6 THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF REHABILITATION AND MODERNIZATION OF THE IRRIGATION SCHEME ................................ 61 3.6.1 Rehabilitation and Modernisation of Scheme I&D infrastructure ......................................................... 62 3.6.2 Management of Excess Construction Material and Unused Excavated Soils ....................................... 73 3.6.3 Proposed Farm Operations and Agricultural Management .................................................................. 74 3.6.4 Scheme Management ........................................................................................................................... 78 3.6.1 Project Management and Schedule ...................................................................................................... 83 3.7 ALTERNATIVE CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 84 4.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS ..........................................................................91 4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................................. 91 4.1.1 Climatic Conditions ............................................................................................................................... 91 4.1.2 Geology and Soil ................................................................................................................................... 93 4.1.3 Drainage and Surface Water Resources ............................................................................................... 97 4.1.4 Water Quality ..................................................................................................................................... 101 4.1.5 Groundwater ....................................................................................................................................... 102 4.1.6 Air Quality and Noise Level ................................................................................................................. 103 4.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................................... 105 4.2.1 Aquatic Ecology................................................................................................................................... 105 4.2.2 Terrestrial Ecology .............................................................................................................................. 110 4.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................................... 113 4.3.1 Demographic Characteristics .............................................................................................................. 113 4.3.2 Employment and Industry ................................................................................................................... 114 4.3.3 Agriculture .......................................................................................................................................... 114 4.3.4 Water Supply ...................................................................................................................................... 115 4.3.5 Health and Sanitation ......................................................................................................................... 116 4.3.6 Tourism ............................................................................................................................................... 117 4.3.7 Culturally Sensitive Areas .................................................................................................................... 117 5.0 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ...........................................................................................................118 5.1 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................. 118 5.2 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED ........................................................................................................................... 118 5.2.1 Education ............................................................................................................................................ 120 5.3 OUTCOME OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ................................................................................................... 120 5.3.1 Key Issues from Consultation .............................................................................................................. 131 5.4 SCOPING NOTICE PUBLICATION AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT.................................................................................. 132 6.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION......................133 6.1 PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE ......................................................................................................................... 133 6.1.1 Geographical Area of Influence .......................................................................................................... 133 6.1.2 Environmental Media Influence .......................................................................................................... 133 6.1.3 Socio- economic Influence of the Project ............................................................................................ 133 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page iii May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 6.1.4 Community Influence and Vulnerable Groups .................................................................................... 133 6.1.5 Institutional Influence ......................................................................................................................... 134 6.2 PROJECT ACTIVITIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONCERN .......................................................................... 134 6.2.1 Planning Phase Activities .................................................................................................................... 134 6.2.2 Rehabilitation and Constructional Phase Activities ............................................................................ 135 6.2.3 Operational and Maintenance Phase Activities .................................................................................. 135 6.3 CRITERIA OF IMPACT EVALUATION ................................................................................................................... 136 6.3.1 Duration of the Impact........................................................................................................................ 136 6.3.2 Extent of the Impact ........................................................................................................................... 136 6.3.3 Intensity of the Impact ........................................................................................................................ 136 6.3.4 Impacts Severity .................................................................................................................................. 136 6.4 EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL POSITIVE IMPACTS .................................................................................................. 138 6.5 EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH PLANNING PHASE ACTIVITIES ................................. 141 6.6 EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE REHABILITATION AND CONSTRUCTIONAL PHASE IMPACTS.................................. 142 6.7 EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION SCHEME OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE PHASE IMPACTS ......................................... 149 7.0 IMPACT MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES .........................................................................157 7.1 TYPE OF MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................................................................................... 157 7.1.1 Preventive Measures ........................................................................................................................... 157 7.1.2 Control Measures ................................................................................................................................ 157 7.1.3 Compensatory Measures .................................................................................................................... 157 7.2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS ................................................................................... 158 7.3 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS ............................................................... 158 8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN .............................................................................183 9.0 PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ....................................................195 9.1 PROGRAMME TO MEET REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................................ 195 9.1.1 Adoption of Environmental, Health and Safety Policies and Operational Procedures ........................ 195 9.1.2 Environmental, Health, Safety and Security (EHSS) Management Structuring ................................... 195 9.1.3 Environment, Health, Safety and Security Committee ........................................................................ 197 9.1.4 Farmers/Workers Information and Training ....................................................................................... 198 9.1.5 Environmental and Social Monitoring Programmes ........................................................................... 198 9.1.6 Audits and Reviews ............................................................................................................................. 198 9.1.7 Capacity Building and Training ........................................................................................................... 198 9.2 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .................................................................................................................................. 201 9.3 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .................................................................................................................. 201 9.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET ....................................................................................... 204 10.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES ..................................................................................................205 10.1 FIRE EMERGENCY ......................................................................................................................................... 205 10.2 MEDICAL OR ACCIDENT ................................................................................................................................. 206 10.3 AGROCHEMICAL SPILL ................................................................................................................................... 206 10.4 OIL SPILL .................................................................................................................................................... 207 10.5 FLOODING .................................................................................................................................................. 208 11.0 DECOMMISSIONING ..............................................................................................................................209 11.1 POST-CONSTRUCTION DECOMMISSIONING ........................................................................................................ 209 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page iv May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 11.2 POST-OPERATIONAL PHASE DECOMMISSIONING ................................................................................................ 209 11.2.1 Decommissioning Plan.................................................................................................................... 209 12.0 CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................................................211 13.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................................212 ANNEXES ...........................................................................................................................................................214 ANNEX 1A EPA RESPONSE TO THE PROJECT REGISTRATION ....................................................................................... 215 ANNEX 1B EPA RESPONSE TO SCOPING REPORT ...................................................................................................... 216 ANNEX 1C MATRIX OF GCAP AND WORLD BANK COMMENTS ON DRAFT REPORT AND SECTIONS WHERE COMMENTS ARE ADDRESSED 218 ANNEX 1D: MATRIX OF WORLD BANK COMMENTS ON REVISED FINAL REPORT AND SECTIONS WHERE COMMENTS ARE ADDRESSED (AUG 2018 AND APRIL 2019) ............................................................................................................................................ 224 ANNEX 2A: RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY GUIDELINES.......................................................................................... 225 ANNEX 2B STATUS OF REQUIRED APPROVALS ......................................................................................................... 231 ANNEX 3 WATER QUALITY RESULTS ........................................................................................................................ 232 ANNEX 4 RESULTS OF TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGICAL STUDY............................................................................................... 233 ANNEX 5: EVIDENCE OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS........................................................................................... 234 ANNEX 6 COPY OF THE SCOPING NOTICE PUBLICATION ............................................................................................... 262 ANNEX 7 AIR AND NOISE LEVEL FROM A TYPICAL RICE MILL .......................................................................................... 263 ANNEX 8 EXTRACTS OF EPA’S REVISED REGISTER OF APPROVED AND BANNED AGROCHEMICALS (FEBRUARY, 2017) .............. 264 ANNEX 9 WHO RECOMMENDED CLASSIFICATION OF PESTICIDES BY HAZARD CLASSES – CLASS 1A, CLASS 1B AND CLASS II. ..... 265 ANNEX 10: ANNEXES A AND B OF STOCKHOLM CONVENTION. .................................................................................... 266 ANNEX 11: TERMS OF REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................ 267 List of Figures FIGURE 3-1: LOCATION OF THE KPONG IRRIGATION SITE (SAL, 2016) ...................................................................................... 27 FIGURE 3-2: LOCATION OF THE KPONG IRRIGATION SCHEME SITE SHOWING THE BOUNDARIES OF THE SCHEME (SAL, 2016) ............... 28 FIGURE 3-3: LAYOUT OF THE KPONG IRRIGATION SCHEME (SOURCE: BRL 2016) ........................................................................ 30 FIGURE 3-4: KIS RICE CROP YIELDS FOR THE 2015-2016 MAJOR AND MINOR CROPPING SEASONS (BRL, 2016) ............................ 43 FIGURE 3-5: TOTAL SCHEME PRODUCTION DATA SERIES FROM 2006 TO 2013 MAJOR + MINOR SEASONS (BRL 2016) ................... 44 FIGURE 3-6: GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF FARMER’S LAND ALLOCATION / OWNERSHIP (HA) (BRL, 2016) .................................... 45 FIGURE 3-7: OWNERSHIP AND UTILIZATION OF LAND PREPARATION MACHINERY (BRL, 2016) ....................................................... 54 FIGURE 3-8: OWNERSHIP AND UTILIZATION OF RICE HARVESTING MACHINERY (BRL, 2016) .......................................................... 55 FIGURE 3-9 : RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION AND CANAL SYSTEM (KIS, 2015) ............................... 57 FIGURE 3-10: RICE TRANSPLANTING MACHINE (BRL, 2016) .................................................................................................. 76 FIGURE 3-11: RICE COMBINE HARVESTER (BRL, 2016) ......................................................................................................... 78 FIGURE 3-12: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR THE PROPOSED WUA FOR KIS (SOURCE CONSULTANCY SERVICE TO UPDATE THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF THE REHABILITATION OF KPONG IRRIGATION SCHEME (KIS) – PHASE (A),BRL ,2017) ..... 80 FIGURE 4-1: AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL DATA AT THE AKUSE SYNOPTIC STATION (2006-2016) ................................................ 91 FIGURE 4-2: DISTRIBUTION OF WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION AT THE AKUSE SYNOPTIC STATION (2006 -2015) ................................. 92 FIGURE 4-3: VARIATION IN MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AT THE AKUSE SYNOPTIC STATION (2006-2016) .................................. 93 FIGURE 4-4: VARIATION IN MEAN MONTHLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY (2006 -2016) ......................................................................... 93 FIGURE 4-5: MAP OF MAJOR SOILS OF SECTION A AND B AREAS OF KIS(BRL,2016) .................................................................... 95 FIGURE 4-6: IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE LAYOUT OF SECTION A OF THE KPONG IRRIGATION SCHEME (BRL, 2016) ........................... 98 FIGURE 4-7: IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE LAYOUT OF SECTION B OF THE KPONG IRRIGATION SCHEME (BRL ,2016) ........................... 99 FIGURE 4-8: IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE LAYOUT OF THE OF THE KPONG IRRIGATION SCHEME (BRL, 2016)................................... 100 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page v May 2019 GCAP /MoFA FIGURE 5-1: MAP OF PROJECT AREA SHOWING COMMUNITIES INVOLVED IN CONSULTATIONS (SAL 2016) ..................................... 119 FIGURE 9-1: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR EHSS MANAGEMENT OF KIS .......................................................................... 196 FIGURE 9-2: GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCESS FOR KIS ............................................................................................................ 203 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1-1: SELECTED IRRIGATION SCHEMES FOR REHABILITATION. ............................................................................................. 1 TABLE 2-1: SUMMARY OF NATIONAL RELEVANT POLICIES, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS ............................................. 7 TABLE 2-2: SUMMARY OF WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ................................................................................................ 22 TABLE 2-3: KEY REGULATORY APPROVALS............................................................................................................................ 26 TABLE 3-1: EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE KIS ................................................................................................................ 31 TABLE 3-2: AREA CULTIVATED WITH RICE IN 2015 ................................................................................................................ 42 TABLE 3-3: CONSULTANT IDENTIFIED TYPES OF FARMS UNDER THE KIS FROM THE AGRICULTURAL SURVEY ....................................... 45 TABLE 3-4: PRIVATE COMPANIES/ENTITIES CULTIVATING OUTSIDE OF THE KIS ........................................................................... 46 TABLE 3-5: MILLS, WAREHOUSES AND DRYING FLOOR CHARACTERISTICS IN THE KIS AREA ........................................................... 48 TABLE 3-6: LIST OF AGROCHEMICAL PRICES IN THE KIS AREA................................................................................................... 51 TABLE 3-7: LIST OF CULTIVATION MACHINERY OWNED BY GIDA .............................................................................................. 53 TABLE 3-8: LIST OF HARVESTING MACHINERY ........................................................................................................................ 53 TABLE 3-9: PROPOSED REHABILITATION WORKS FOR IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................. 63 TABLE 3-10: CORE FUNCTIONS OF THE WUAS ...................................................................................................................... 81 TABLE 3-11: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE OPERATION OF THE WUAS .......................................................................... 82 TABLE 3-12 : ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................................................ 85 TABLE 3-13 :ANALYSIS OF SUB- ALTERNATIVES. .................................................................................................................... 88 TABLE 4-1: SHOWS THE WATER BALANCE ESTIMATES FOR THE LAGOONS................................................................................... 101 TABLE 4-2: RESULTS OF WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................. 102 TABLE 4-3: GROUNDWATER SAMPLING RESULTS ................................................................................................................. 103 TABLE 4-4: RESULTS OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING ............................................................................................................. 104 TABLE 4-5: RESULTS OF NOISE LEVEL MONITORING ............................................................................................................. 105 TABLE 4-6: CATCH COMPOSITION OF FISHERMEN WITHIN THE DRAINAGE LAGOONS .................................................................... 109 TABLE 4-7: FLORA SPECIES IN AND AROUND THE PROJECT SITE ................................................................................................ 111 TABLE 4-8: COMMON FAUNA AT THE PROJECT SITE AND THEIR IUCN CONSERVATION STATUS ...................................................... 113 TABLE 6-1: ASSESSMENT OF SENSITIVITY ............................................................................................................................ 137 TABLE 6-2: EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL POSITIVE IMPACTS. ................................................................................................... 138 TABLE 6-3: EVALUATION OF ADVERSE PLANNING PHASE IMPACTS............................................................................................ 141 TABLE 6-4: EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE CONSTRUCTIONAL PHASE IMPACTS .................................................................. 143 TABLE 6-5: EVALUATION OF ADVERSE SCHEME OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE PHASE IMPACTS. ............................................. 150 TABLE 7-1: MITIGATION MEASURES FOR THE IDENTIFIED SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ......................................................................... 159 TABLE 8-1: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING ...................................................................................................... 184 TABLE 9-1: KEY FUNCTIONS OF THE EHSSO, EHSRS, EHSOS AND SECURITY COORDINATOR ....................................................... 196 TABLE 9-2: CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING................................................................................................................... 199 TABLE 9-3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET ........................................................................................ 204 LIST OF PLATES PLATE 3-1: PROCESSED RICE RESIDUE AT THE RICE MILL ........................................................................................................... 58 PLATE 3-2: GARBAGE AT SOME SITES OF THE KIS.................................................................................................................. 58 PLATE 3-3 ONE OF THE DRAINAGE CANALS AT THE KIS ........................................................................................................... 59 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page vi May 2019 GCAP /MoFA PLATE 4-1: SAMPLING OF PHYTOPLANKTON ON THE KASU LAGOON ........................................................................................ 107 PLATE 4-2: DOMINANT GRASS TYPHA DOMINENGENSIS AND OTHER AQUATIC VEGETATION AT THE BANKS OF THE RIVER. ................... 108 PLATE 4-3: NILE TILAPIA CAUGHT DURING EXPERIMENTAL FISHING .......................................................................................... 109 PLATE 4-4: GYMNARCHUS NILOTICUS CATCH FROM ONE FISHERMAN ....................................................................................... 110 PLATE 4-5: TYPICAL VEGETATION IN THE PROJECT AREA......................................................................................................... 112 PLATE 4-6: RICE FIELD WITHIN THE KIS SITE. ...................................................................................................................... 112 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page vii May 2019 GCAP /MoFA ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CHPS Community Heath Planning Services CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research DA District Assembly DUR Department of Urban Roads EA Environmental Assessment EAR Environmental Assessment Regulation EHSR Environmental, Health and Safety Representative EHSO Environmental, Health and Safety Officer EHSSO Environmental, Health, Safety and Security Officer EIQ Environmental Impact Quotient EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESIS Environmental and Social impact Statement ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FASDEP Food and Agriculture Sector Development Policy GCAP Ghana Commercial Agricultural Project GIDA Ghana Irrigation Development Authority GNFS Ghana National Fire Service GoG Government of Ghana GPRS II Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy II (GPRS II). HLC High level Canal HIV/AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune-deficiency Syndrome KIS Kpong Irrigation Scheme JHS Junior High School LI Legislative Instrument LMKDA Lower Manya Krobo District Assembly METASIP Medium Term Agriculture Sector Investment Plan MoFA Ministry of Food and Agriculture MoM Management Operation and Maintenance NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NEQG National Environmental Quality Guidelines NLLC Northern Low Level Canal OACS Osudoku Agricultural Cooperative Society OP Operational Procedures PESR Preliminary Environmental and Social Report Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page viii May 2019 GCAP /MoFA PHC Population and Housing Census PMP Pest Management Plan PNDC Provisional National Defence Council PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPRSD Plant Protection and Regulatory Services Directorate RCC Regional Coordinating Council RoW Right of Way SHS Senior High School SLLC Southern Low Level Canal SME Scheme Management Entity SODA Shai Osudoku District Assembly STD Sexually Transmitted Diseases TCPD Town and Country Planning Department TOR Terms of Reference TWQR Target Water Quality Ranges UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USAID United States Agency for International Development WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WRI Water Research Institute WRC Water Resources Commission WUA Water User Association Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page ix May 2019 GCAP /MoFA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) is one of the four (4) major public irrigation schemes in Ghana. It is located in the Greater Accra and Eastern Regions near the towns of Asutsuare and Akuse, respectively in the Shai –Osudoku and Lower Manya Krobo Districts. It extends along the right bank of the Volta River from the Kpong Hydro-Electric Power Station in Akuse to its confluence which is about 20km downstream at Asutsuare and finally ends in Kasunya. An initial area of about 3000 ha on the right bank of the Volta River was partially developed as the KIS. It is publicly managed by the Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA). However, irrigation infrastructure have deteriorated due to lack of maintenance of infrastructure that are between 27 and 50 years old rendering the scheme in dire need of rehabilitation and modernization. Rehabilitation and Modernisation Works under the GCAP Intervention Under the current rehabilitation and modernization project funded by the World Bank/USAID, the proposed works on the 3000 ha irrigation facility will include the following:  rehabilitation of the intake gate to main canal from Kpong dam reservoir;  rehabilitation of the main canal (earthworks & concrete lining) – 16.4 km, branch canals (41.31km), main access roads, maintenance and inspection roads and the re-lift pump station; and  rehabilitation of the night storage reservoirs, main drains, grassed spillways /lagoons and Lukwe River. Modernization Works include:  installation of automation system;  replacement of the flat sliding gates on the main canal at the inlet to the six (6) siphons on the MC with automatic gates, weir/flume gates;  the MC off-take gates of the M0 to M9 Lateral Canals will be equipped with ultrasonic piped flow meter for flow measurement;  installation of automatic gates at the outlet gate of the NSRs because the reservoirs operate on a 24-hour basis for refilling with the branch canal off-taking from the NSR (section A) operating on a 12-hour basis;  automatic operation will be also provided where discharge shall be controlled for billing: section A (inlets to Kpong Farms, AK/C1, WSC and AK/C6) and section B (inlets to distributary Y and distributary Z);  provision of cattle drinking troughs. Scheme Management The scheme will be managed by a Scheme Management Entity (SME) and Water Users Association (WUA). A private sector company has been proposed as the Scheme Management Entity responsible for the Management Operation and Maintenance (MOM) of the KIS main canal system whereas the Water Users Associations (WUAs) would be responsible for the MOM of the branch and lateral canal command area infrastructure. The SME would enter a contractual arrangement with the Supervisory Authority (GIDA) while the WUA would be the clients of the Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page x May 2019 GCAP /MoFA SME and each WUA would enter a contractual arrangement with the SME for the delivery of water to their intake canal gate. Stakeholder Consultations The stakeholders consulted comprise: Project proponents:  Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Ghana Commercial Agricultural Project (GCAP) Office;  Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA); and  Kpong Irrigation Scheme Management. Regulatory Agencies and Other Government Institutions  Environmental Protection Agency;  Lands Commission;  Ghana National Fire Service, District and Regional Office;  MOFA Regional and District Office;  District Health Directorate Shai Osudoku District (SODA), Dodowa;  Town and Country Planning Department, District Office;  Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research – Water Research Institute; and  Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research – Soil Research Institute. Traditional and Political Authority  Lower Manya Krobo District Assembly;  Shai Osudoku District Assembly, Dodowa; and  Osudoku Traditional Council. Project Beneficiaries  Osudoku Agricultural Cooperative Society (OACS)/Farming Executives;  Farmers within the scheme;  Thai Farm Co.;  Golden Exotics Ltd; and  Abians Company Ltd. Project Communities/Opinion Leaders  Kasunya Opinion Leaders;  Klebuse Community;  Dogbedzi Community; and  The General Public. Potential Environmental and Social Impact Identification and Evaluation The potential positive and adverse environmental and social impacts of the proposed rehabilitation and modernization of the KIS are summarized below: Potential Positive Impacts Employment generation: About 20 key staff will be engaged by the contractor on full time basis, and more than 600 temporary staff including truck drivers and labourers will be engaged mainly Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xi May 2019 GCAP /MoFA from the project fringe communities. The scheme management entity will determine the number of employees required during the operational phase. Improved crop productivity of farmers: The provision of irrigation and support services will enable farmers to plant all year round and avoid losses during periods of low rain fall and drought. Enhanced income and livelihoods of farmers: Increment in crop productivity and production and job creation will contribute to increasing income levels and improve livelihood situation. Increased food production and food security in the district and the country at large: The improved irrigation system and the additional facilities/services to be provided will increase food production and significantly reduce post-harvest losses of farmers. Improvement in the revenue base of key institutions and regulatory bodies: Revenue will accrue to traditional authorities and regulatory institutions through the payment of royalties and regulatory fees and levies. Improvement in local and national economy: Jobs created by the scheme and new businesses along the value addition chains will contribute to improving a vibrant local and national economy. Increased climate change adaptation: The proposed project will enable farmers adapt to the effects of climate change as it is a more resilient option compared to rain-fed agriculture. Potential Adverse Impacts Pre-construction Phase Disturbance of flora and fauna: Movement of personnel and vehicles may result in trampling of flora and disturbance of fauna. Collection of soil samples may result in removal of some fauna. Injuries and accidents: Workers may be exposed to injury from machines and equipment as well as bites from dangerous reptiles and other animals such as snakes, scorpions, bees, ants, etc. Risk of land take: The land for the project is owned by the Government of Ghana. In-field roads and opening of access roads (up to about 5m) may take up small portions of farmlands. Constructional Phase Loss of vegetation and impacts on flora and fauna: Rehabilitation work will involve clearing of vegetation in and around the canals and drains. This may result in a potential disturbance and/or loss of fauna at the project site. Soil erosion and soil pollution: Excavation, vegetation clearance, levelling and other land preparation works will expose and loosen the soil making it susceptible to both wind and water erosion and subsequent loss of top soil. There is potential for compaction of soil from the use of heavy machinery and contamination of soil from fuels, oils and waste. Air quality deterioration: Loose soils exposed during land preparation work and movement of vehicles/trucks (including haulage trucks) to and from the project site on the untarred surfaces may result in the increase of airborne particulates. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xii May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Vibration and noise nuisance: Movement and operation of machines/equipment, trucks from quarry sites through Doryumu and Asutsuare junctions is likely to increase noise levels intermittently in these communities. Project communities such as Kasunya and Klebuse may also experience temporary increase in noise levels from construction activities. Generation and disposal of solid waste: Desilted/excavated soils and unsuitable vegetative materials from the canals, drains and road works will form the bulk of waste generated. Maintenance of machinery/ equipment and installation works may also generate wastes. Other wastes to be generated include packaging materials, polythene bags, food wastes, used water sachets and bottles. Occupational accidents and risk of injury to workers: Workers’ exposure to noise, dust and vibrations and risk of accidents and injury from the use of machinery and equipment, materials management at the construction yards/workplace are concerns that need to be addressed. Risk of accidents and injury to the public: The movement of trucks and other vehicles and machinery to and from the quarry sites to the project site will pose safety risks for the communities along the N2. Communities near the project sites may also be at risk from unsecured excavations. Disturbance of road traffic and deterioration of road networks: Frequent movement of haulage trucks transporting stones and boulders may affect traffic on the N2 and may also deteriorate the untarred road entering the scheme from Asutsuare junction to Asutsuare Township. Influx of workers and migrants: Migrants who move into the project area for job opportunities may not conform to the societal norms and cultural practices and may upset the social structure of these communities. Obstruction of access ways to communities: Construction works at the project site may render portions of access roads and existing foot paths inaccessible to users and or temporarily closed. This may create inconvenience and increase travel time to and from the affected communities. Disruption of livelihoods: The main source of livelihood within the area is crop farming and this could be impacted if farmers are unable to continue farming during the project construction phase. Risk of spread of diseases: Poorly managed construction sites, site camps, indiscriminate disposal of waste and open defecation will create unsightly conditions and may result in the spread of disease (e.g. malaria, typhoid). The water bodies are used by communities for domestic and fishing purposes. Operational Phase Soil quality degradation: Continuous use of agrochemicals and land preparation/ physical works with heavy machinery may adversely affect the soil structure and result in soil acidification, soil compaction/hard pan and death of soil fauna. Water Quality Deterioration: Transport of soil sediments and agrochemical residue from farmlands into surface water sources will pollute these water bodies. Also, high nutrient content of the wastewater from the farms could lead to the proliferation of weeds in the water bodies affecting the water quality. Groundwater resources could also be contaminated from the percolation of agrochemicals through the soils. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xiii May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Waste generation and disposal: Periodic vegetation removal, occasional de-silted materials from canals/drains, farm produce waste, used agro-chemical containers, used fertilizer bags Domestic/ office waste and waste from machinery maintenance are the main waste to be generated during the operational phase. Occupational accidents and risk of injury to workers: Workers will be at risk of accidents and injury from using machinery and equipment and exposure to agrochemicals as well as be exposed to noise, dust and vibrations if safety procedures are not adhered to. Risk of spread of diseases: Poor sanitation conditions and indiscriminate disposal of farm waste will create unsightly conditions and may pollute nearby water sources posing serious health risk to the public. Fire risks: Farms are highly susceptible to fires from within the farm (e.g. smoking, cooking, uncontrolled burning, etc.) or from outside the farm. Fires at processing and storage facilities may also emanate from faulty machines, electrical faults, etc. Fires could result in injuries, death, damages to machines and loss of properties and investment. Pest/rodent infestation and contamination of stored grains: Stored grains are susceptible to attacks from insects and rodents, resulting in losses. Rodents may also contaminate stored grains through their droppings, urine, hairs and this could have health implications for the public. Post-harvest losses: Post-harvest losses may arise from pest/rodent and disease infestation and improper storage conditions. The results include losses of quantity/ quality of produce, reduced germination rate for seed grains, reduced nutritional value, loss in market value and investment. Sustainability of the irrigation scheme: Failure of the irrigation system and drought resulting in low volumes of water in the Volta River, pest and disease infestation, failure of the storage facilities and lack of human resource, technical know-how and logistics can impact on the sustainability of the project. Emergency situations such as accidents, bush fires etc. could result in high losses and may have detrimental consequences to the project. Impact Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures for the significant adverse impacts (rated as moderate or major) are stated in the table below. The cost for implementation of the construction and operational phases are GH¢409,650.00 and GH¢291,000.00 respectively. Details are provided in Chapter 7. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xiv May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Identified Significant Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures Potential Receptor(s) Proposed Mitigation Measures Impact Construction Phase Impacts  The contractor will carry out vegetation clearance in sections and clearance will be limited to portions of the land to be Loss of developed. This is to allow fauna to migrate to adjoining bushes. Contractor will train and sensitize their machine operators vegetation and Flora, to adhere to the sectional clearance measure. impacts on fauna, soil  Limit construction activities to designated areas. flora and fauna  Movement of crews and equipment within the rights-of-way and over routes provided for access to the work shall be performed in a manner to minimize damage to vegetation and fauna within the project area.  The clearing of vegetation in sections by the contractor(s) will ensure only areas of the land to be developed at a particular time are exposed to agents of erosion. This will also ensure the cleared areas of the land are not left bare over long periods as development at the cleared areas will be carried out immediately. This will minimize erosion and sediment transport from the project site;  The contractor will leave a buffer area of 25 metres width along the banks of the Kasu, Klebwe, Nyapia and Lupu lagoons and streams as well as the Volta river, which is within the range (10 to 60 meters) prescribed in the National Buffer Zone Policy. The buffer zones will screen any soil sediments transported through run off water during the construction and land Soil erosion preparation activities from getting into the water bodies. Contractor will sensitize their machine operators and workers to Soil, water and soil leave such buffers; bodies, air pollution  The contractor(s) will immediately collect any excess excavated soils to minimize the potential for erosion into water bodies and such excess or unusable materials will be used to fill existing borrow pits;  The contractor will ensure appropriate spill control measures are provided at the vehicle maintenance area and fuels storage areas. E.g. sand buckets, cemented platforms, etc. These will include provision of bunds to contain spills, installation and servicing of fuel dispensers;  Heaps of excavated soils suitable for reuse during construction will be utilized in the shortest possible time to minimise exposure. Where the material is unsuitable for backfilling, it may be used to fill burrow pits or it will be disposed at a dump site approved by the Shai Osudoku District the Lower Manya Krobo District Assemblies. Generation  Disposal of waste material shall be by burying, where burial of such materials is approved by the Engineer, or by removal from Land, water and disposal of the construction area; bodies solid waste  The contractor(s) will allow the neighbouring communities to collect the tree and shrub stems for use as poles, fuelwood and fencing material. As much as possible, the twigs and leaves will be spread and ploughed into soil or allowed to decompose; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xv May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Potential Receptor(s) Proposed Mitigation Measures Impact  The Contractor will ensure efficient use of construction materials to minimize waste to be generated from the rehabilitation of the canal system. Excavated soil material will, as much as possible, be re-used in construction of the canal dykes;  The contractor(s) waste management plan should include disposal of excavated material and cleared vegetation, which cannot be re-used. This will be subject to approval by the engineering consultant/Client as well as the SODA and LMKDA;  The contractor(s) will provide bins on site for collection and disposal of plastic waste and polythene materials such as lubricant containers, drinking water sachets and carrier bags which will be regularly emptied at approved dump site.  The contractor(s) will be required to adopt a Health & Safety Policy to guide the land preparation and construction activities;  The contractors will ensure that only qualified machine operators with requisite skills and experience are engaged;  The contractor will ensure regular maintenance and servicing of its bulldozers, excavators and tractors as well as other Occupational machinery to ensure they are in good condition. Good conditioned and well-maintained equipment will reduce frequent accidents/risk breakdowns, noise nuisance and smoke emissions which could affect the operator’s and other workers’ health and safety. Workers of injury to  Contractor will regularly carry out training on standard operational procedures. Health & safety training will also be provided workers for machine operators and workers at KIS;  Contractor will provide first aid training for its workers and first aid kits at the project site during construction phase to treat minor ailments. However, major cases will be referred to the nearest hospital or health post;  Contractors will also provide and enforce the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety boots, reflective jackets, hand gloves, earplugs and nose masks. Sanctions will be implemented where workers do not use the PPEs provided. Announcement and Notification of Work  GCAP will inform communities of the proposed works through local FM stations and traditional authorities;  SODA and LMKD will be informed at least seven days before start of work;  Warning signs shall be provided at the junction on entering to the Irrigation Scheme area (Asutsuare Akuse road /Asutsuare Disturbance of Osuwem Road) to indicate the approach of trucks. road traffic and Transport of Equipment and Materials deterioration Community  Transport of materials (such as quarry products and concrete) will as much as possible be carried out during off-peak traffic of road hours to minimise the impact on traffic in the Asutsuare, Akuse Kasunya and Klebuse communities. Speed limits of between networks 20-30 km/hour will be enforced along the route to the irrigation scheme area for all trucks;  Trucks transporting quarry products and other friable materials to the site will be covered;  All temporary traffic controls will be done in consultation with the Department of Urban Roads (DUR) and the Police Motor Transport and Traffic Division (MTTD);  Traffic wardens/banksmen will monitor dump truck movements and ensure public and traffic safety; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xvi May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Potential Receptor(s) Proposed Mitigation Measures Impact  The contractor shall ensure that all the vehicles to be used for the project and especially in transporting equipment and materials will be serviced regularly and all the drivers to be engaged/ assigned would be required to hold the requisite driver’s license as prescribed by the Drivers and Vehicles Licensing Authority (DVLA). In an unfortunate incident of any truck failure, such trucks will be towed within 24 hours;  The contractor will repair and maintain damaged sections of the road network due to construction activities especially from Okwenya to the project site.  No vehicle shall be parked at unauthorised places to reduce the risk of accidents.  The contractor(s) will guard all excavations and trenches including borrow areas, canals and drains with caution tapes;  The contractor(s) will use warning signs at vantage points to indicate ongoing construction works; Communiti  The contractor(s) will enforce proper security at the project site during construction works to limit entry of unauthorised Risk of traffic es along persons to the project site; accidents and haulage  The contractor will ensure that all haulage trucks comply with the approved speed limit of 50km/hr within the communities Public Safety routes along the haulage road;  The contractor shall ensure that there are traffic wardens along haulage routes to assist pedestrians in crossing;  Movement of crews and equipment within the rights-of-way and over routes provided for access to the work shall be performed in a manner to minimize damage to grazing land, crops or property. Workers,  GCAP will ensure the contractor(s), together with opinion leaders such as the Assembly member and traditional leaders, Influx of communiti sensitise migrant workers on societal norms, taboos and other cultural practices in the area; workers es  The Contractor shall be required to submit for the approval of the Supervising Engineer a labour influx management plan which will incorporate a social and cultural orientation plan for all his staff. Obstruction of Community  The contractor(s) will provide safe alternative access routes for access ways that are obstructed/destroyed during access ways to Members construction works; communities  The contractor(s) will erect sign posts at vantage points to guide community members through safe alternative access ways. Land, water  The contractor(s) will organise awareness creation seminars and educational programmes for all workers and the surrounding Risk of the communities on the behavioural changes required to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS and other STDs, in collaboration with bodies, spread of the respective SODA and LMKDA respectively The contractor covers all trenches or excavations, other than the workers, diseases canals/laterals/sub-laterals made for the construction of the canal to prevent accidents and collection of stagnant water public which could breed mosquitoes; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xvii May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Potential Receptor(s) Proposed Mitigation Measures Impact  The contractor will provide temporary toilet facilities at the project site for use by the construction workers. The workers will be educated against “free range” defecation;  The contractor will provide adequate waste bins at the project site to minimise indiscriminate disposal of plastic and polythene material, cans and food waste by workers. These bins will be frequently emptied at approved dump sites to prevent littering with cans and bottles which could collect water and breed mosquitoes;  The project designs have included latrines and potable drinking water for selected communities. In the interim, tanker services should be considered to provide potable water for affected communities during construction activities that will deteriorate water quality in the lagoons and canals.  The work design includes a pump bypass to ensure that irrigation water is continuously made available to farmers without interruption during the construction period;  GCAP will continue with its efforts to ensure that persons within the KIS scheme (i.e. farmers and inhabitants) are adequately informed, in advance, of the scope, magnitude and schedule of the proposed project, its implications for their continued farming over the construction period. These measures will minimise the problem of confrontation and conflicts and will reduce this impact significantly;  GCAP will also ensure that farmers are informed of any changes in the project design;  GCAP/KIS will ensure that the contractors carry out the rehabilitation work in sections so that some farmers may crop and Loss of Farmers not have to entirely suspend cropping until the entire construction work is over; livelihood  The contractor shall not interrupt the water supply to an existing irrigation consumer or reduce it below the flow normal for the growing crops, taking into account the time of year, without the recorded and witnessed consent of the consumer;  GCAP/KIS will ensure that farmers already cultivating portions of the project site will be allowed to continue temporarily farming at areas of the land which will not be affected by construction of the canal system;  Construction will be scheduled such that majority of farmers will be allowed to harvest prior to commencement of activities;  GCAP/KIS will ensure the contractor(s) provides safe temporary access routes for utilisation, if access to communities are affected during the construction period;  GCAP will ensure all grievances/concerns by local communities, traditional authorities, livestock owners and cattle herders are resolved prior to construction works. Soil  A detailed soil study was conducted by the Design Consultant (BRL Inginierie) during the design stage of the project which Soil, fauna determined the chemical conditions of the soil at the project site. This will guide farmers to know the deficient soil nutrients degradation and the right types and quantities of fertilizers to apply; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xviii May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Potential Receptor(s) Proposed Mitigation Measures Impact  Scheme management will ensure that farmers purchase EPA approved agrochemicals from licensed agrochemical shops for use at the recommended application rates. SME will educate the input providers to consult EPA’s current register of approved and banned agrochemicals prior to the selection and purchase of agrochemicals for use. Extracts of the current register are provided in Annex 8;  The scheme manager and farmers will adopt integrated weed and pest management practices for weed and pest control such as use of certified and disease tolerant seed varieties, use of early maturing seed varieties, proper land preparation, early planting, following recommended planting space between rows and plants, timely/early weeding, suitable water management practices and the use of agrochemicals where necessary. This will minimize the rate of agrochemical use;  The SME will encourage the use of diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP) as a nitrogen source to slow down acidification caused by N fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate;  Farmers will adopt minimum tillage during planting seasons to reduce the susceptibility of the soil to erosion and also hard pan formation associated with continuous ploughing at the same depth;  After harvesting, crop residue comprising process residue (straw, husks, skins, trimmings, cobs and bran of cereals) and field residue (stalks and stubble/stems, leaves of crops) will be tilled into the soil to improve the soil structure and soil organic matter content. Farmers will utilise cover crops at erosion prone areas in sections A and B of the scheme area.  The SME will, preferentially, advise and train farmers on selective pesticides with low Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) eg. Bastion Extra SG, Actforce 48EC etc where appropriate, rather than broad-spectrum products, to minimize impacts on non-target species;  The SME will ensure embankment slopes will be stabilized by growing vegetation to trap silts and other soil particles thus preventing entry into the reservoir, canals and laterals.  The SME and farmers will control the proliferation of aquatic weeds, which harbour disease vectors in the canals, drainage lagoons and night storage reservoirs, by mechanical cutting and also explore the possibility of biological control of the weeds;  SME and water users’ association to ensure free flows in the canals and laterals and prevent flooding on the farms through Risk of spread careful stewardship of water flows; Public  The SME and farmers will provide and enforce the use of separate labelled bins for the collection and disposal of used of diseases agrochemical containers (after they are triple-washed and punctured);  SME will collaborate with NGOs such as JICA, as well as the District MOFA office to carry out periodic awareness creation activities to educate farmers on the perils of reuse of agrochemical containers as well as train them in the proper disposal methods for these. Punitive measures will be put in place for offenders. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xix May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Potential Receptor(s) Proposed Mitigation Measures Impact Toilet facilities  GCAP/GIDA and the SME will ensure the provision and maintenance of toilet facilities at strategic locations to serve farmers within the scheme and help avoid the incidence of open defaecation and urination in the fields  The use of agrochemicals including inorganic fertilizers, weedicides and pesticides will be reduced as much as possible on farms within the KIS. Where possible, mechanical weed control will be considered instead of the use of weedicides;  Farmers shall adopt the efficient use of fertilizers, weedicides and pesticides to reduce excessive release of chemicals into paddy fields;  The farmers will adopt erosion control measures such as ploughing along the contour of the land and minimum tillage to minimize erosion and sediment transport from the fields; Surface and  Rice fields will be bunded to hold water in the plots and reduce transport of soil sediments and erosion; Water quality undergrou  The SME and farmers will regularly maintain the wastewater drains through de-silting and weed clearance to allow deterioration nd water wastewater released from the fields flowing freely out of the farm into the marshy area;  The farmers will ensure any unused dilute pesticide that cannot be applied to the crop—along with rinse water, and out of- date or no-longer approved pesticides would be disposed of as a hazardous waste, as per FAO International Code of Conduct on Pesticides Management;  The farmers will utilize pesticide application technologies and practices designed to minimize off-site movement or runoff (e.g. low-drift nozzles, using the largest droplet size and lowest pressure that are suitable for the product);  The SME and farmers will use and adhere to the Pest Management Plan (PMP) of GCAP to help control effects of pesticide use within the scheme.  Rice straw, to be generated from harvesting, has various uses (thatch, composting, mulching, bedding material for livestock, animal fodder, fuel for brick kilns and power generation, packaging material, etc.). Farmers will be educated on effective Land, water composting i.e. leaving some amount of straw on the rice fields to be tilled into the soil and recycle nutrients stored in them. Generation of bodies, Excesses will be gathered, collected and temporarily heaped by the fields and may be made available to the public for waste public collection and use;  The SME and farmers will provide adequate bins on the farm for the collection of plastic and polythene material such as drinking water sachets for proper disposal at approved dump sites; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xx May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Potential Receptor(s) Proposed Mitigation Measures Impact  The SME and farmers will provide separate labelled bins on site for collection of agrochemical containers, foil seals, lids and fertilizer sacks for return to the suppliers for recycling/proper disposal, as per FAO guidelines1.Farmers will also be trained on handling empty agrochemical bottles/containers, triple-washing and puncturing prior to being stored in the separate labelled bins for returning to the suppliers. This will ensure they cannot be reused;  The SME and farmers will ensure that bins containing used agrochemical containers are stored safely and are securely under cover prior to their safe disposal; they will not be used for other purposes.  The Scheme Management Entity and farmers will ensure that any pesticides used are manufactured, formulated, packaged, labelled, handled, stored, disposed of, and applied according to the FAO’s International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management;  The Scheme Management Entity and farmers will ensure that pesticides that fall under the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard Classes 1a (extremely hazardous) and 1b (highly hazardous) (Refer to Annex 9) or Annexes A and B of the Stockholm Convention (see Annex 10) are not purchased, stored or used;  The Scheme Management Entity and farmers will ensure all pesticides listed in WHO Hazard Class II (moderately hazardous) Occupational (Refer to Annex 9), will be avoided unless appropriate controls established with respect to the manufacture, procurement, Farmers or distribution and/or use of these chemicals are in place. These chemicals would not be accessible to personnel without accidents and and proper training, equipment, and facilities in which to handle, store, apply, and dispose of these products properly; risk of injury to workers  The Scheme Management Entity will liaise with MOFA to ensure all staff and farmers are trained on appropriate use and workers handling of agrochemicals;  The Scheme Management Entity will provide selected staff and farmers with first aid training, including on accidents associated with agrochemical use, to administer first aid health care in the event of any accidents;  Appropriate PPEs such as gloves, nose masks, coveralls, goggles, safety boots, etc. will be provided for staff and farmers. The use of PPEs will be enforced especially during the handling of agrochemicals such as during spraying of weedicides or the application of fertilizers.  Safety procedures, particularly with the operation of machines and the handling and use of agrochemicals will be enforced by the SME and sanctions applied when not adhered to; 1 FAO, International Code of Conduct on Pesticides Management (revised 2014), (Rome: FAO, 2014) http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Pests_Pesticides/Code/CODE_2014Sep_ENG.pdf Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xxi May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Potential Receptor(s) Proposed Mitigation Measures Impact  Farm stores at different sections of the scheme should be built to encourage farmers purchase approved chemicals and PPEs.  Burning will not be utilised as a farm management practice. GCAP prohibits burning as a farm management practice and will ensure all projects it supports comply with this directive;  The canal system and farm roads around the farm will act as fire belt protecting the farm from any bush fires emanating from Farmers, outside the farm; Fire Risk public,  The SME and farmers will ensure all equipment and machinery are regularly serviced and maintained; Land  The SME will educate all farmers and workers on potential causes of fire;  All farmers and workers will be trained on fire prevention and control. This will be done in collaboration with the GNFS of the Shai Osudoku and Lower Manya Districts;  Management will ensure selected farmers and workers are trained by the GNFS as fire volunteers to manage minor fires. Pest/rodent infestation and contamination of produce  The warehouse managers will adopt an integrated pest management system to control insects and rodent infestation. This will include: o good housekeeping practices such as regular cleaning inside warehouses/storage rooms and proper packing of produce for ease of inspection; o keeping the surroundings of warehouses/storage rooms clean and free from weeds; o preventing insects and rodents from entering warehouses/storage rooms by regularly inspecting all doors, walls, windows and roof for any openings and repairing them; o use of biological control, such as cats, to keep mice and other rodents from the warehouses/storage rooms; Post-harvest Farmers, o use of rodent traps; losses Public  Chemical control/fumigation through the use of EPA approved agrochemicals to control pests and rodents;  The SME will ensure harvested rice is properly dried to about 13-14% moisture content to make them suitable for storage. Storage of Produce  All warehouses at the scheme will have proper ventilation and will be regularly inspected for defects e.g. roof leakages;  Management of KIS will ensure the warehouse and the surrounding environment is always kept clean and free from weeds;  Bags of rice will be properly arranged on pallets and the pallets will be arranged in rows with adequate spacing in between to ensure ease of cleaning the warehouse and inspection of produce for rodents and insects;  The SME will ensure new produce from the farm/mill are not mixed with old produce in the warehouse by storing the new produce at a different section in the warehouse. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xxii May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Potential Receptor(s) Proposed Mitigation Measures Impact  The warehouse managers will adopt “first in first out” practices to ensure that old produce are always sold first;  Any infested produce will be immediately removed and destroyed to prevent infestation of other produce;  Chemical treatment/fumigation, by using only EPA approved agrochemicals, will be used by warehouse managers to control pest/rodents and diseases where necessary.  The SME will ensure adequate security and maintenance is provided for the electronic monitoring equipment such as the automatic weir gates supplying water to the main canal from the Dam; Over Community  Water users’ associations will be required to ensure the maintenance of water control and monitoring equipment (electronic abstraction of and manual) installed on the canals, laterals and drains, as well as ensure the judicious use of water within the scheme to members water reduce the demand for water;  The SME/WUA to ensure that planting complies with the prescribed cropping patterns for the upland and lowland areas of the scheme in order to limit the demand for water and minimize waste.  GCAP and the SME to ensure that the drains serving irrigation blocks adjacent to communities are covered at strategic locations to prevent falls and accidents; Impacts on  In order to ensure peaceful coexistence and prevent the incidence of conflicts, GCAP together with Ghana Irrigation Community Development Authority (GIDA) and the District Assemblies, will continue to extensively consult the project communities project members throughout the project implementation to ensure their free, prior informed consent for project developments; communities  Measure wind direction and speed prior to spraying activities;  Sprays shall be applied when the wind direction is away from community areas;  Spraying of water-based sprays should not take place under conditions of high temperature and low humidity. Capacity Building  Well trained and experienced personnel will be employed by the SME to oversee the operations and maintenance of the irrigation project; Land,  Efficient use of resources such as water, agrochemicals, etc. will be adopted by the SME and farmers to minimize economic Sustainability losses; water, of the farming  The SME will ensure regular maintenance of the canals and equipment to ensure the scheme always provides water at its workers, venture maximum potential; public  Training will be regularly provided by the SME for farmers on improved agronomic practices. The Municipal/District MoFA offices and the CSIR-CRI will be regularly consulted by SME for technical and agronomic advice. Funding  The SME will put in place adequate mechanisms to ensure the efficient collection of the irrigation service charges; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xxiii May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Potential Receptor(s) Proposed Mitigation Measures Impact  The SME will ensure that farmers are provided with improved and certified seed varieties to enhance productivity;  The SME will ensure adequate machinery and inputs are available to ensure the cropping pattern/plan is maintained and the crop diversification implemented successfully;  Proper marketing strategies will be put in place for farmers to be able to sell produce and reduce loss of revenue Emergency situations Fire  The SME will educate all farmers and workers on potential causes of fire on the farms e.g. smoking, cooking and burning;  The SME, in consultation with the Ghana National Fire Service (GNFS), will ensure that all premises have fire permits (offices, warehouses and mills) and adequate fire prevention and control measure are put in place;  All farmers and workers will be trained on fire prevention and control. This will be done in collaboration with the Ghana National Fire Service (GNFS);  The SME will ensure selected farmers and workers are trained by the GNFS as fire volunteers to manage minor fires;  The scheme management will prepare and implement fire and emergency response plan, in collaboration with the GNFS. Vandalism and Breakdown of Control Systems  Water Users Association will be made responsible for supervising and ensuring the equipment are not tampered with;  Fencing and close circuit TV will be installed to ensure security at the site;  VRA regularly conducts dam safety assessments to ensure the facility is structurally sound and free of defects. Water Pollution and Dam Collapse  The SME will collaborate with the Volta River Authority (VRA) and WRC and the Assemblies to put in place and monitor catchment management measures along the Volta River to reduce pollution and its underlying effects;  VRA, owners of the dam will continue with their regular dam safety assessment;  In the lower reaches of the scheme, some meanders in the drains will be straightened and widened to accelerate the flow of water and prevent flooding;  Drainage channels, canals and laterals will be regularly desilted and cleared of weeds to allow free flow of water;  The WUAs and lateral leaders will ensure that all gates are operational;  KIS will prepare an emergency response plan to cater for the above impacts. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xxiv May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan Monitoring programmes have been developed for all significant adverse environmental and social impacts identified. In addition to the significant adverse impacts, monitoring plans have been developed for air quality, noise, public complaints/grievances, and environmental compliance. Provisional Environmental and Social Management Plan The programmes proposed to meet the mitigation measures and monitoring programmes will include the following:  adoption of Environmental, Health and Safety Policies and Operational Procedures;  environmental, health, safety and security management structuring;  environmental, health, safety and security committee;  farmers / workers’ information and training;  environmental and social monitoring programmes;  audits and reviews;  public participation;  grievance redress mechanism; and  environmental and social management budgeting. Initial cost estimates indicate that about GH¢973,850.00 may be needed annually for the programme. The construction phase cost estimate is GH¢409,650.00, while the operational phase cost estimate is GH¢291,000.00. Additionally, about GH¢ 105,200.00 and GH¢ 147,000 will be respectively required for capacity building and environmental monitoring. Emergency Response Procedures Response measures have been proposed for fire, medical/accidents, agrochemical spill, oil spill and flooding emergencies, which may arise during project implementation. Decommissioning Decommissioning of the proposed project is an unlikely option. In the event of decommissioning the project, the activities to be undertaken will include stakeholder consultation; evacuation of farmers and workers; removal of moveable property; transfer of ownership of non-moveable property; waste management; and site restoration/rehabilitation. Conclusion GCAP is committed to ensuring sustainable environmental management and safeguarding the health and safety of the farmers and all other workers as well as the general public in the implementation of the proposed rehabilitation and modernization of the KIS. It is also aware of the provisions in the Environmental Protection Agency Act 1994, Act 490 and Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999, LI 1652. In keeping with these laws, this ESIS has identified and assessed key environmental and social impacts and concerns that may arise from the implementation of the proposed project and have provided appropriate mitigation and management measures to address and manage these adverse impacts and a monitoring programme to help detect changes arising from the predicted adverse impacts. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page xxv May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 1.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides the background, objectives and aim of the project as well as the methodology used in the study. 1.1 Background Following completion of the Kpong Dam downstream of the Akosombo Hydroelectric Dam in 1982, gravity irrigation became possible to take advantage of the potential created to increase crop production in the Akuse-Asutsuare area. An initial area of about 3000 ha on the right bank of the Volta river was partially developed as the Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS). The KIS aims at developing the necessary irrigation infrastructure to create opportunities and enhance the livelihoods in communities and further support the attainment of food security in Ghana. It also aims at increasing production and productivity of high-value cash and staple food crops to enhance the competitiveness of Ghana’s agricultural products in both regional and international markets. After years of poor maintenance, the KIS was rehabilitated with assistance from the African Development Fund in 2003. It continues to be publicly managed (by Ghana Irrigation Development Authority – GIDA) however, the irrigation infrastructure is again in need of rehabilitation and modernization. The Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) is one of the four (4) public irrigation schemes in Ghana selected as part of component 5 ‘Investments in physical rehabilitation and modernization of existing public irrigation and drainage project by the Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project (GCAP) in consultation with Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA). A list of the selected irrigation schemes is presented in Table 1-1 below. Table 1-1: Selected Irrigation Schemes for Rehabilitation. No. Name of Irrigation Scheme Location Region Expected irrigable area 1 Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Kpong/Asutsuare Eastern/Greater 3000 ha Accra 2 Kpong Left Bank Irrigation Project Torgorme Volta 2000 ha (KLBIP) 3 Tono Irrigation Scheme Tono Upper East 2490 ha 4 Vea Irrigation Scheme Vea Upper East 850 ha Under the current rehabilitation and modernization, funded by the World Bank/USAID, Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project (GCAP) has contracted consultants and contractors to review and update the feasibility studies, rehabilitate existing infrastructure in the area developed under the existing gravity system and modernize infrastructure on the 3000ha irrigation facility. The rehabilitation and modernization, has environmental and social implications at the local, district, regional and national level. SAL Consult Limited, an environmental & water consulting Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 1 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA firm based in Accra, Ghana has been contracted by Ghana Commercial Agricultural Project (GCAP) to carry out the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). In line with environmental permitting requirements as provided under the Environmental Assessment Regulations of 1999, Legislative Instrument (LI) 1652, GCAP registered the proposed Project with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA in a response letter dated April 14th, 2016 and referenced CA: 559/01/02- (see Annex 1a for copy of EPA letter) classified the proposed project as one which requires an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) to be carried out, and thus requested the preparation of a Scoping Report as per the provisions of the LI 1652. The scoping report and subsequently the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) were duly submitted to, and reviewed by the EPA. The EPA’s re view comments on the scoping report (dated 2 November 2016 and referenced CA: 559/01/04) and the Draft EIS (dated 12 June 2017 and referenced CA: 559/01/07) are provided as Annex 1b and Annex 1c respectively. The comments of the World Bank and the sections where they are addressed are provided as Annex 1d. 1.2 Objectives of the GCAP KIS Intervention GCAP in its endeavour to support irrigation development in Ghana has established the following objectives to be delivered under the KIS project. The objectives cover the components which are necessary for long term sustainability of operations and subsequently irrigated agriculture. They are:  to rehabilitate and modernize the KIS irrigation and drainage system to ensure scheme operations with the optimal use of water and encompassing improved efficiency of; (a) the operation and maintenance management, (b) technical application and operation, and (c) the maintenance of the infrastructure;  set up an efficient scheme management with an effective scheme management structure encompassing Water User Association (WUA) formation and development in partnership with private farming, agri-business or other business entity management so as to ensure the long-term sustainability of the irrigation scheme and subsequently the GCAP investment. 1.3 Purpose/Aim and Basis of the ESIA Study The purpose of the ESIA study is to identify and address possible direct and indirect significant adverse environmental and social impacts to arise from the proposed project for acceptability and sustainability. The study also aims at satisfying both legal and institutional obligations specified under Environmental Protection Agency Act 1994 (Act 490), Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999 (LI 1652) and the relevant World Bank Safeguard Policies and Procedures. In doing so, reference was made to the World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines. The ESIA will also aid in decision making by considering the potential environmental and social impacts in comparison with potential benefits. This ESIA report also referred to as the Environmental and Social Impact Statement (ESIS) is based on the outcome of various field Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 2 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA studies, stakeholder consultations and review of the Draft Detailed Design Report (June 2017) and draft Technical Assessment Reports (October 2016) produced by the Design Consultants – BRL Ingenerie – for the KIS. 1.4 Scope of Works for the ESIA Study The scope of work for the ESIA study is to:  provide adequate technical description of the proposed project and identify all activities of environmental/social concern;  establish the existing environmental and socio-economic baseline conditions of the project area of influence;  carry out public consultations with stakeholders and include the outcome in the ESIA report with agreed mitigation measures in the project design;  predict and examine all the significant environmental impacts on the general environment and surrounding communities during the implementation of the proposed project and advice on appropriate mitigation and abatement measures for potential adverse impacts;  provide a monitoring program for predicted impacts;  provide a provisional costed Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP);  document the socio-economic and cultural advantages and disadvantages associated with the proposed project for stakeholders and interested groups to make an informed decision on the level of environmental compromise and permitting;  provide programs and procedures for emergency responses e.g. in the event of flooding; fire outbreaks; and  provide procedures to be followed in the event of decommissioning. The Terms of Reference (TOR) for the proposed project is provided as Annex 11. 1.5 Approach/Methodology for the ESIA Study The approach and methodology for the ESIA involved the following:  desktop study, review of design reports and literature reviews;  participation in project technical meetings to appreciate ongoing design issues and concerns;  reconnaissance visits and site inspections;  public/stakeholder consultations and involvement;  data collation, analysis and reporting;  identification and assessment of environmental and social impacts;  mitigation measures; and  monitoring and management plan. 1.5.1 Review of Available Literature Information from relevant documents from the project proponents, EPA Head Office Library, Environmental Consulting firms in Ghana and other documents on rehabilitation and modernization of Irrigation Schemes were of immense help to the ESIA study. Key documents reviewed for this study included: Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 3 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA  Documents from the project implementers on the current situation of the scheme as well as the scope and design of the proposed rehabilitation and modernisation project. These included: o GCAP Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF); o Report on Land Diagnostic Study of the Accra Plains; o Project Appraisal Document of GCAP; o Restructuring Paper of GCAP; o Project Implementation Manual for GCAP; o Pest Management Plan (PMP) for GCAP – Draft Final Report; o Draft Technical Assessment Report, Consultancy Service to Update the Design and Construction Supervision of the Rehabilitation of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS), October 2016; and o Draft Detailed Design Report for the Rehabilitation and Modernization of the Kpong Irrigation Scheme (June, 2017).  Relevant environmental impact assessment reports relating to commercial agricultural projects and irrigation schemes in Ghana, including: o ESIA for the Sisili-Kulpawn Irrigation Project by Wienco and the Babator Farming Hub Project by AgDevCo Ghana Limited; o Environmental Scoping Report for Abians Company Ltd (a selected GCAP grantee within the KIS catchment), April 2016; and o ESIA for the Babator Irrigated Farm Hub Project in the Bole District of the Northern Region, AgDevCo, May 2015.  World Bank Group Operational Safeguards Policies  IFC Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines  World Bank Group, Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Annual Crop Production, March 30, 2016;  FAO International Code of Conduct on Pesticides Management;  Hydrochemical study of water collected at sections of the lower Volta river (Akuse to Sogakope) Ghana, October 2013;  Herpetological Survey in the Volta Region, Eastern Ghana, February 2002;  National Population & Housing Census. District Analytical Report. Lower Manya Krobo District; Ghana Statistical Service (2014);  National Population & Housing Census. District Analytical Report. Shai Osudoku District; Ghana Statistical Service (2014); 1.5.2 Participation in project technical meetings to appreciate ongoing design issues and concerns A member of the SAL Consult team for the assignment participated in monthly progress technical meetings held between April and October 2016. During these meetings, the design consultant made presentations on the progress of work to stakeholders including the client and local farmers. Ongoing design studies, issues and challenges were discussed and concerns of participating farmers were noted and addressed. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 4 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 1.5.3 Field inspections and Trekking Reconnaissance surveys for the proposed rehabilitation and modernization project were carried out from 15th June 2016 to 31st August 2016. The visits included inspections of the proposed 3,000ha irrigation facility and the drainage to confirm the environmental and social issues and conditions to be affected / are likely to develop from the implementation of the project. This enabled the consultant to appreciate the project area of influence, the nature of the biophysical environment to be affected (especially current land and water uses), the relevant baseline data to be obtained, and the socio-economic characteristics of the environment to be potentially impacted by the project including the neighbouring rural communities, current infrastructural status as well as existing irrigation schemes in the project area. 1.5.4 Public/Stakeholder Identification and Consultations The project proponents have been engaged to understand the project scope, design and implementation and to obtain relevant project documents. Key stakeholders have also been consulted to obtain their comments and concerns on the proposed project with respect to the potential environmental and socio-economic issues. Details of consultations are provided in Chapter 5. 1.6 Data Analysis and Reporting The relevant data and information obtained from the desktop study/literature reviews, stakeholder consultations and field visits were collected and analysed where necessary and have been presented in this Revised ESIS. The Revised ESIS presentation is in line with the EPA format and the major headings of the report are: i. Non-Technical Executive summary ii. Introduction iii. Policy, Legislative and Administrative Requirements iv. Description of proposal and alternatives v. Description of existing environment/baseline vi. Stakeholder consultation vii. Impacts identification and significance viii. Mitigation and enhancement measures ix. Provisional Environmental Management Plan Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan x. Emergency Response Procedures xi. Decommissioning xii. Conclusion xiii. Bibliography Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 5 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 2.0 RELEVANT POLICIES, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS This chapter discusses the relevant national and legal policies, institutional framework as well as World Bank safeguards policies to guide the implementation of the proposed rehabilitation and modernization of the Kpong Irrigation Scheme. This is to ensure sustainable development and compliance with national and international regulations. 2.1 Key Policies, laws and Institutions The Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project (GCAP) of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) is committed to adhering to the requirements of all applicable policies and laws associated with the design, rehabilitation, development and modernization of the KIS. The relevant national and legal policies, institutional framework as well as World Bank safeguards policies to guide the implementation of the proposed irrigation project are briefly described in Table 2.1 and section 2.2 respectively. This is to ensure sustainable development and compliance with national and international regulations. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 6 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 2-1: Summary of National Relevant Policies, Legal and Administrative Frameworks Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project Policy Framework It provides for the Vision for the Agricultural, Environment and Natural Resource Sectors The proposed project will use irrigation in its Chapter four. The main focus of the agricultural sector is to accelerate the systems to enhance crop productivity and modernization of agriculture and ensure its linkage with industry through the application Ghana Shared Growth and contribute to improving food security in the of science, technology and innovation. Development Agenda, country. It will also create jobs for the people The modernized agriculture sector is expected to underpin the transformation of the 2010 of neighbouring communities, improve economy through job creation, increased export earnings, food security, and supply of raw livelihoods of participating farmers and materials for value addition and rural development as well as significant reduction in the enhance the rural economy. incidence of poverty. The ultimate aim of the policy is to improve the surroundings, living conditions and the The proposed project seeks to promote quality of life of the entire citizenry, both present and future. It seeks to promote sustainable development by including National Environmental sustainable development through ensuring a balance between economic development economic, social and environmental Policy, 2013 and natural resource conservation. The policy thus makes a high quality environment a considerations in the rehabilitation and key element supporting the country’s economic and social development. modernization and development of the Kpong irrigation scheme. The key aspects of the policy relevant to the project include: The project site is not a protected area, forest  the use of any land in Ghana for sustainable development, the protection of water or wildlife estate and has been zoned for bodies and the environment and any other socioeconomic activity will be determined agricultural purposes. through national land use planning guidelines based on sustainable principles in the long term national interest; The rehabilitation works including siting of National Land Policy, 1999  land categories outside Ghana's permanent forest and wildlife estates are available for workers’ camp/yard storage areas, such uses as agriculture, timber, mining and other extractive industries, and human rehabilitation of dilapidated and defunct infield settlement within the context of a national land use plan (farm) roads, canals and drains will happen on  all land and water resources development activities must conform to the environmental government land. No new access roads or laws in the country and where Environmental Impact Assessment report is required this developments are proposed outside the must be provided. Environmental protection within the 'polluter pays' principle will be government acquired land. The enforced. implementation of the project will conform to Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 7 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project the environmental laws of the country, which includes, registration with EPA, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and obtaining an environmental permit prior to commencement. This ESIA is prepared in compliance with the environmental laws of Ghana. The National Environmental Action Plan was initiated to define a set of policy actions, related investments and institutional strengthening activities that would make Ghana’s development strategy more environmentally sustainable. The Plan formulated a national The design and implementation of the environmental policy as the framework for implementing the Action Plan. proposed project will take into consideration National Environmental measures to promote the sustainable use of The Policy aims at ensuring a sound management of resources and the environment, and Action Plan 1994 natural resources and ensure environmental to avoid any exploitation of these resources in a manner that might cause irreparable management. damage to the environment. Specifically, it provides for maintenance of ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the functioning of the biosphere, sound management of natural resources and the environment, and protection of humans, animals and plants and their habitats. The objective of irrigation policy is to expand and improve the efficiency of irrigation to The proposed project will include irrigation, support agricultural development and growth. It will be pursued with principles of utilizing canals and drains as a means of sustainability in operation and maintenance, and use of natural resources, equitable ensuring adequate water supply. The access by women to benefits of irrigation, and the rights to participate in irrigation beneficiary farmers will have all year-round National Irrigation Policy, management. The targets of the Ghana Irrigation Policy are to attain national food water supply to their farms to increase their 2010 security, increase livelihood options, intensify and diversify production of agricultural productivity and enhance their livelihoods. commodities. Recommended appropriate mitigation measures will be provided for water pollution. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 8 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project The objective of Section 2.2.3 Focus Area 3 –Water for Food Security is to ensure The proposed project will ensure efficient use availability of water in sufficient quantity and quality for cultivation of food crops, watering of water and employ concrete lined/earth of livestock and sustainable freshwater fisheries to achieve sustainable food security for canals to ensure water use efficiency and National Water Policy, the country. The relevant policy measures and/or actions to be undertaken include: reduce transmission losses. 2007 (i) encouraging efficient use of fertilizers to reduce pollution of water bodies and ensure conservation of water; and Recommended appropriate mitigation (ii) promoting and encouraging water use efficiency techniques in agriculture and measures will be provided for water pollution. reducing transmission losses of water in irrigation systems. The Forestry Commission will have access to The objectives of the policy are to manage and enhance the ecological integrity of Ghana’s forest, savannah, wetlands and other ecosystems; to promote the rehabilitation and the EIA report and will study the flora and fauna survey. The commission will ensure that Forest and Wildlife Policy, restoration of degraded landscapes through plantations development and community any identified sacred thicket or forest revered forestry; to promote the development of viable forest and wildlife based industries and 2012 by the local communities are protected as livelihoods; and to promote training, research and technology development that supports community dedicated forest. If the forests or sustainable forest management. sacred thickets are project impacted, the project would take measures to preserve them. The National Employment Policy indicates that poverty is still high at about 28.5 percent The proposed rehabilitation and and that there is a strong correlation between the employment situation and poverty. The modernization of the Kpong Irrigation Scheme policy states that the key source of demand for labour emanates from the productive is in accord with the strategy of the sectors of the economy, namely, agriculture, industry and service. One of the key employment policy to promote farm and non- National Employment strategies of the employment policy is to promote farm and non-farm rural employment farm rural employment. Policy, 2012 through modernization of agriculture, improving the productivity of farmers and contract The irrigation project will provide employment farming arrangements, promoting effective linkages between farm and non-farm activities opportunities for the people of Akuse, among others. Asutsuare, Kasunya, Dzogbedzi, Nyapienya, Klebuse and neighbouring communities throughout the different phases of the project. The National Gender Policy aims at mainstreaming gender equality concerns into the National Gender Policy, The project will not discriminate against national development processes by improving the social, legal, civic, political, economic 2015 women and the vulnerable in the local and socio-cultural conditions of the people of Ghana. It also seeks to empower the Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 9 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project vulnerable groups particularly women, children, and people with special needs such as communities. The criteria for selecting workers persons with disabilities and the marginalized. will consider gender and disability. The Policy is built on seven (7no.) systematic pillars and the objective of the Policy is to mitigate and ensure an effective adaptation in key sectors of the economy, such as agriculture and food security, natural resources management, energy, industry and infrastructure among others. Under the Agriculture and Food Security area, the key objectives are: The climate-resilient technology to be adopted  develop climate-resilient agriculture and food systems for all agro-ecological zones; and for the proposed project includes the use of National Climate Change  develop human resource capacity for climate-resilient. improved irrigation facilities and improved Policy, 2013 The key actions to achieve these objectives which are related to the proposed project seed varieties. include: The irrigation facility will ensure that the  develop climate-resilient cropping and livestock systems as well as crop varieties and project does not rely solely on rain-fed farming. livestock breeds tolerant to flooding, drought and salinity;  promote appropriate technologies for small-scale irrigation, water re-use and water harvesting; and  improve post-harvest capacity, e.g., storage and processing facilities and infrastructure. The revised FASDEP of 2006 (FASDEP II) emphasizes the sustainable utilization of all resources and commercialization of activities in the sector with market-driven growth in mind and with emphasis on environmental sustainability. The project will significantly advance the The Medium-Term Agriculture Sector Investment Plan (METASIP) developed to implement achievement of the FASDEP objectives through Food and Agriculture FASDEP II over the medium term 2011-2015 includes the following programmes: improved efficiency and management of the Sector Development  food security and emergency preparedness; scheme. The project will ensure sustainable Policy (FASDEP).  improve growth in incomes; utilization of resources and sustainable land  increased competitiveness and enhanced integration into domestic and international and environmental management through the markets; use of a more efficient irrigation system.  sustain management of land and environment; and  Science and technology applied in food and agriculture development National Legal Framework Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 10 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project MoFA/GCAP, being a government entity will ensure that the project complies with relevant The Constitution includes some provisions to protect the right of individuals to private constitutional provisions. The project land was The Constitution of the property, and also sets principles under which citizens may be deprived of their property acquired through an executive instrument in Republic of Ghana, 1992 in the public interest (described in Articles 18 and 20). Article 18 provides that “Every 1975 and compensation paid to respective land person has the right to own property either alone or in association with others.” owners. Damage to any existing crops will receive appropriate compensation payment in line with the constitution. The Act 123 vests the authority to acquire land for the public interest in the President of the Republic. It also gives responsibility for registering a claim on the affected person or The State Lands Act 1962, The 3,000 ha land proposed for the project is group of persons, and provides details of the procedure to do this. The State Lands Act, Act 123 part of the land acquired by an executive 1962 provides some details to be taken into consideration when calculating compensation instrument in 1975, which is a State land. such as definitions for (1) cost of disturbance, (2) market value, (3) replacement value, and so on. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Act 1994 (Act 490) gives mandate to the The implementation of the proposed project Agency to ensure compliance of all investments and undertakings with laid down will be in compliance with the Environmental Environmental Assessment (EA) procedures in the planning and execution of development Assessment (EA) procedures for approval of projects, including compliance in respect of existing ones. The Environmental Protection the EPA. An EPA permit will be obtained and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Act 490 Section 12 of 1994 confers enforcement and control powers on the the permitted conditions complied with during Agency (EPA) Act 1994, EPA to compel existing companies to submit environmental or pollution management project implementation. Act 490 plans on their operations as a management tool for effective pollution control. The EPA is the responsible for issuing environmental permits for operations such as this project The proposed project will involve the use of subject to EPA review. pesticides and beneficiary farmers will be The part two of the EPA Act (Pesticides Control and Management) requires that any person required to use only EPA approved who wishes to use pesticides must register and obtain a license from the Agency. agrochemicals. Environmental The Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999 (LI 1652) enjoins any proponent or The development of the proposed project is Assessment Regulations person to register an undertaking with the Agency and obtain an Environmental Permit being guided by LI 1652 including registering 1999, LI 1652 prior to commencement of the project. This regulation allows the EPA to place proposed with the EPA, preparing a scoping report and Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 11 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project undertakings at the appropriate level of environmental assessment. The LI 1652 seeks to this ESIA, and obtaining an environmental ensure that development is undertaken in a sustainable environment. permit. The Fees and Charges The Fees and Charges (Amendment) Instrument 2015 (L.I. 2228) provides comprehensive GCAP, in obtaining an environmental permit (Amendment Instrument), rates, fees and charges collectable by Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs), such from the EPA, will pay all necessary fees and 2015 (LI 2228) as the Environmental Protection Agency, for goods and services delivered to the public. charges as prescribed by LI 2228. This Act establishes and regulates the local government system and gives authority to the Regional Coordinating Council and the District Assembly to exercise political and GCAP will work closely with the Shai Osudoku administrative power in the Regions and District, provide guidance, give direction to, and District Assembly and the Lower Manya Krobo Local Governance Act supervise all other administrative authorities in the regions and district respectively. The District Assembly in the development of the 2016, Act 936 Assembly is mandated to initiate programmes for the development of basic infrastructure proposed project. and provide municipal works and services as well as be responsible for the development, improvement and management of human settlements and the environment in the district. The Act re-establishes the National Fire Service to provide for the management of This act requires the proponent to register with the GNFS who will provide services in the undesired fires and to make provision for related matters. The objective of the service is to prevent and manage undesired fire. For the purpose of achieving its objective; the management of all fire outbreaks. The GNFS is Service is to organize public fire education programmes to create and sustain awareness mandated to create awareness and Ghana National sensitization programmes on fire prevention Fire of the hazards of fire, heighten the role of the individual in the prevention of fire and and control. The GNFS has been consulted on Service Act 1997 (Act 537) provide technical advice for building plans in respect of machinery and structural layouts to facilitate escape from fire, rescue operations and fire management. The GNFS has a the project and their primary concern is rural fire department responsible for the control and management of bushfires. including fire belts in the design. They have given their assurance to assist to the project whenever their help is required The Fire Precaution (Premises) Regulations 2003 (LI 1724) requires all premises intended The Regulation requires GIDA/Scheme The Fire Precaution for use as workplaces to have Fire Certificates and confers enforcement powers on the Manager to obtain a fire certificate for the (Premises) Regulations Ghana National Fire Service (GNFS) to demand a fire certificate for premises that are put operation of offices/shops associated with the 2003, LI 1724 to use as a place of work. project. Fire breaks will be included in the project design. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 12 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project The Factories, Offices and Shops Act of 1970 (Act 328), as amended by the Factories Offices and Shops (Amendment) Law 1983 PNDCL 66, the Factories Offices and Shops The Act enjoins GIDA/Scheme Manager to (Amendment) Law 1991 PNDCL 275 s.1 (a), and the Ghana National Fire Service Act, 1997 register the project with the Factories (Act 537) requires all proponents to register every factory/workplace with the Chief Factories, Offices and Inspectorate Department, post the abstract of Inspector of Factories Inspectorate Division. The Act requires all factories, offices and Shops Act 1970, Act 328 the act at a prominent place at the premises shops to among others, notify the Chief Inspector of accidents, dangerous occurrences and notify the Chief Inspector of any accidents, and industrial diseases, post in a prominent position in every factory the prescribed dangerous occurrences and industrial diseases. abstract of the act and other notices and documentations, as well as outlines the regulations to safeguard the health and safety of workers. Section 118(1) of the Labour Act 2003 (Act 651) stipulates that it is the duty of an employer to ensure that every worker employed works under satisfactory, safe and healthy conditions. The proponent will ensure that worker ‘safety, Act 651 contains a number of specific provisions relating to an employer’s duty of care to health and welfare is protected through the its workers. These include providing and maintaining “at the workplace, plant and system The Labour Act 2003, Act provision of a safe working environment and of work that are safe and without risk to health” and taking “steps to prevent 651 use of appropriate personal protective gears. contamination of the workplaces by, and protect the workers from, toxic gases, noxious No underage persons or children will be substances, vapours, dust, fumes, mists and other substances or materials likely to cause employed on the project. risk to safety or health”. A worker is required to report situations that he believes may pose “an imminent and serious danger to his or her life, safety or health”. It is to provide for the payment of compensation to workmen for personal injuries caused The proposed project has health and accident by accidents arising out and in the course of their employment. The tenets of the law place risks. The Law enjoins contractors to be Workmen’s Compensation a large share of the burden of supporting workers injured at the workplace on the responsible for the safety of their workers and Law 1987 shoulders of the employers. reward compensation to workers for injuries arising in the course of work in accordance with this Law. It seeks to control the setting of bush fires by criminalizing the intentional, reckless, or Bush fire is a risk to the proposed project and Control of Bush Fires Law negligent causing of such fires and holding the offender liable for all consequences of the GCAP and GIDA will be guided by these Laws to of 1983 (PNDCL 46) fire. take lawful action against any such offender. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 13 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project Section 2 defines “starting of a bushfire”. A person starts a bushfire if an action of that Control and Prevention of person results in the uncontrolled burning of a farm, forest or grassland. The Chief Bushfire law, PNDCL 229 Conservator of Forests or the Chief Game and Wildlife Officer may authorize starting of fires by authorized officers in Conservation Areas under section 4. The Lands Commission Act 2008 re-establishes the Lands Commission to integrate the operations of public service land institutions in order to secure effective and efficient land administration to provide for related matters. The objectives of the Commission are to: The proposed development is in line with the Lands Commission Act  promote the judicious use of land by the society and ensure that land use is in objectives of the Commission for sustainable 2008, Act 767 accordance with sustainable management principles and the maintenance of a sound development of land and conforms to the eco-system; and development goals for the Accra Plains.  ensure that land development is effected in conformity with the nation’s development goals. The Ghana Investment Promotion Centre Act 1994 (Act 478) requires that every investor GCAP acknowledges that the proposed project Ghana Investment wishing to invest in the country must in its appraisal of proposed investment projects or has environmental impacts and measures are Promotion Centre Act enterprises, “…have regard to any effect the enterprise is likely to have on the being taken to address the impacts including 1994, Act 478 environment and measures proposed for the prevention and control of any harmful the preparation of this ESIA and subsequent effects to the environment...”. development of an ESMP for implementation. These Regulations apply to an existing dam or a proposed dam that is determined by the Commission to have a safety risk in exercise of the power conferred on the Commission GIDA will liaise with the VRA to ensure that by section 35(1)(b),(d) and (k) of the Water Resources Commission Act, 1996 (Act 522). regulations and safety measures to guide the Dam Safety Regulation, The objectives of the Act include: proper functioning and safety of the Kpong 2016 L.I 2236  Establishment of a Dam Safety Unit; dam are adhered for sustainability of the KIS  Registrations of dams; project.  Construction, operations and maintenance of dams; and  Decommissioning. Irrigation Development LI 2230 proposes that persons who use irrigation water and are not less than fifteen in The Kpong Irrigation Scheme is a government Authority (Irrigation number may form an association after those persons have set up a provisional initiative irrigation infrastructure and is therefore bound Water Users Association) team to identify the service area of the proposed association and a founders’ committee, by the requirements of the regulation. The regulations, 2016 (LI 2230) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 14 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project which may not exceed twelve potential members of the association. Persons who qualify Project proposes to form Water Users to form the association are those who possess land on the basis of landholding system and Associations as mandated by LI 2230 at KIS. use the land with water supplied from the irrigation infrastructure. The regulation is applicable associations formed on government irrigation infrastructure. The management body of the association shall include the General Assembly, Management Committee, Oversight Committee and Dispute Settlement Committee. The Water Resources Commission Act, 1996 (Act 522) establishes and mandates the Water Resources Commission (WRC) as the sole agency responsible for the regulation and management of the utilisation of water resources and for the co-ordination of any policy in relation to them. Water Resources GIDA manages the KIS facilities. GIDA has Section 13 prohibits the use of water (divert, dam, store, abstract or use water resources Commission (WRC) Act obtained a water use permit from the Water or construct or maintain any works for the use of water resources) without authority. 1996, Act 522 Resources Commission. Section 16 empowers the Commission to grant Water Rights (water use permits) to prospective users. The Act states under Section 24 that any person who pollutes or fouls a water resource beyond the level that the EPA may prescribe, commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine or a term of imprisonment or both. The Water Use Regulations 2001, LI 1692 prohibits the use of water resources without authority from the Water Resources Commission. The Act provides under section 16 for any person to apply to the Commission in writing for the grant of water right. The Water Use Regulations Regulations also prescribe the raw water charges and processing fees to be paid by GIDA pays water use charges to Water 2001, LI 1692 prospective water users with respect to the water use permits. The Commission is also Resources Commission. mandated to request for evidence that an environmental impact assessment or an environmental management plan has been approved by the EPA before issuance of the Water Use Permit. The Act provides for the efficient conduct of plant protection to prevent the introduction The Plant Protection Regulatory Services Plants and Fertilizer Act and spread of pests and diseases, to regulate imports and exports of plants and planting Division (PPRSD) of MoFA will ensure that all 2010 (Act 803) materials; the regulation and monitoring of the exports, imports and commercial seeds/plant materials are safe and also put in transaction in seeds and related matters; and control and regulation of fertilizer trade. monitoring mechanism to prevent the spread Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 15 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project of pests and diseases from the project site to other parts of the country. The Town and Country Planning Act 1945, CAP 84 seeks to ensure the orderly and The proposed area is rural with agriculture as progressive development of land, town and other areas whether urban or rural for the main occupation. The project area has Town and Country conserving and developing resources and to preserve and improve amenities thereof, and been designated for irrigation farming by the Planning Ordinance, 1945, for related matters. It is the principal legislation in force regulating the general planning Town and Country Planning Department CAP 84 and development of human settlements. (TCPD) of Shai Osudoku District Assembly (SODA). The development is thus in accord with the objectives of the district assembly. The National Building Regulations, LI 1630 provides guidance and standard to any person All buildings to be constructed under the who intends to erect any building; or make any structural alteration to any building; or National Building project will be guided by this Act and a executes any works or installs any fittings in connection with any building. The process of Regulation 1995, LI 1630 development/building permit will be obtained obtaining a development permit makes it contingent on the issuance of an environmental from the SODA. permit by the EPA. The Act spells out the rights of the child, quasi-judicial/judicial child adjudication, parentage /custody/access/maintenance, fosterage/ adoption and employment of The development of the irrigation project will children issues. The Act defines a child as a person below the age of 18 years. The minimum be guided by this Act in the employment of The Children’s Act 1998, age for admission of a child to employment is fifteen years and the minimum age for the labour for the proposed project and will ensure Act 560 engagement of a person in hazardous work is eighteen years. No person shall engage a all labour engaged by the Contractors are not child in exploitative labour and labour is exploitative of a child if it deprives the child of its below the minimum age. health, education or development. This Act establishes the Ghana Meteorological Agency, which replaces the Meteorological GCAP and the design consultants will work Services Department. The Agency is to provide meteorological information, advice, and closely with the Ghana Meteorological Agency Ghana Meteorological warnings for the benefit of agriculture, civil and military aviation among others to mitigate especially in seeking meteorological Agency 2004, Act 687 the effects of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts on socio-economic information and advice for project design and development and projects. The Agency is to provide accurate date on climatic data which operation. are relevant for establishing climate change trends. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 16 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project The purpose of the Act is to “……provide for the settlement of disputes by arbitration, mediation and customary arbitration, to establish an Alternative Dispute Resolution GCAP and the selected scheme manager will Alternative Dispute Centre and to provide for related matters." The Act further defines Alternative Dispute ensure that the alternative dispute resolution Resolution Act 2010 (Act Resolution “as the collective description of methods of resolving disputes otherwise than option is used to address disputes and conflicts 798) through the normal trial process” (Section 135). The ADR Act covers both domestic and instead of the more expensive and time international arbitration in Ghana and the enforcement of both domestic and foreign consuming legal court systems under this arbitral awards within the jurisdiction. project. Institutional Framework The EPA is the body responsible for regulating the environment and ensuring the implementation of government policies on the environment. The functions of the Agency include:  ensuring compliance with any laid down environmental impact assessment procedures in the planning and execution of development projects, including compliance in the respect of existing projects; GCAP/GIDA will follow and abide by EPA Environmental Protection  promoting effective planning in the management of the environment; requirements and permit conditions in the Agency  imposing and collecting environmental protection levies in accordance with the implementation of the project. Environmental Protection Agency Act 1994, Act 490 or regulations made under the Act; and  acting in liaison and co-operation with government agencies, District Assemblies and other bodies and institutions to control pollution and generally protect the environment. WRC was established by an Act of Parliament (Act 522 of 1996) with the mandate to regulate and manage Ghana's Water Resources and co-ordinate government policies in GIDA will continue to pay water use charges to Water Resources relation to them. The Act stipulates that ownership and control of all water resources are WRC and abide by WRC requirements and Commission (WRC) vested in the President on behalf of the people, and clearly defines the WRC as the overall water use permit conditions. body responsible for water resources management in Ghana. The functions of the WRC as established under Act 522 among other things are to: Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 17 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project  formulate and enforce policies in water resources conservation, development and management in the country;  coordinate the activities of the various agencies (public and private) in the development and conservation of water resources;  enforce, in collaboration with relevant agencies, measures to control water pollution; and  be responsible for appraising water resources development project proposals, both public and private, before implementation. GIDA is a semi-autonomous agency of MoFA which was established by the Supreme Military Council Decree 85 (SMCD) of 1977 to explore all water resources for livelihood options in agriculture at appropriate scales for all communities. Its functions include formulating, developing and implementing irrigation and drainage plans for all year-round agriculture production, livestock and fish culture in Ghana. Currently, its services and GIDA has been involved in the design of the activities comprise: Ghana Irrigation rehabilitation and modernization work of KIS  developing design standards for irrigation infrastructure; Development Authority and provide technical advice to ensure that  designing irrigation infrastructure and related facilities e.g. dams, ponds, and tube- (GIDA) adequate regulations exist for the proper wells, conveyance structures; management of the scheme.  carrying out land-use planning in areas earmarked for irrigation development;  provide public irrigation facilities;  provide technical services for the development of irrigation facilities;  provide technical and managerial services for effective use of irrigation facilities; and  developing and disseminating adaptive irrigation technology. MoFA promotes sustainable agriculture and agribusiness through research and MoFA is a major stakeholder of the project. technology development, effective extension and other support services to farmers, processors, and traders for improved human livelihood. The Food and Agriculture Sector The Regional MoFA and District Agricultural Ministry of Food and Development Policy (FASDEP II) and the Medium-Term Agricultural Sector Investment Plan Departments have the mandate of offering Agriculture (MoFA) (METASIP) seeks to guide development and interventions in the agriculture sector. The extension services and support to ensure revised policy (FASDEP II) emphasizes the sustainable utilization of all resources and sustainability and the successful commercialization of activities in the sector with market-driven growth in mind. implementation of the project Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 18 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project Enhancement of productivity of the commodity value chain, through the application of science and technology, with emphasis on environmental sustainability. The policy also ensures consistency with national development objectives as specified in the Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy II (GPRS II). The Regional Coordinating Council (RCC) and the Metropolitan /Municipal/District Assemblies (MMDAs) are responsible for the overall development of the region and The project is located in the Shai Osudoku and metropolis/municipality/district respectively. Lower Manya Krobo Districts and will be Acts 462 and 480, which established the current district assembly structure, designate the influenced by decisions and plans of the District/Municipal/Metropolitan Assembly as the planning authority, charged with the Regional Coordinating Councils of Greater overall development of the district. Accra and Eastern Regions. The Two District Local Government With regard to environmental management at the district level, the District Environmental Assemblies will play key role in the successful Authority Management Committees (DEMC) has been set up by law (Act 462) to among other things: implementation and related activities of the  promote and provide guidelines for the establishment of community level project. These roles may include rallying environmental committees to put into effect the environmental programmes of the stakeholders to support the smooth Assembly in the community; and implementation of the project and fast-  plan and recommend to the DA, strategies and activities for the improvement and tracking approvals such as permit certificates, protection of the environment with emphasis on fragile and sensitive areas, river registrations etc. for the contractor. courses etc. The Lands Commission was established by Article 258 of the 1992 Constitution and the Lands Commission Act, 2008 (Act 767). The functions of the Lands Commission include amongst others;  advise the Government, local authorities and traditional authorities on the policy The proposed development is in line with the framework for the development of particular areas of the country to ensure that the objectives of the Commission for sustainable Lands Commission development of individual pieces of land is coordinated with the relevant development development of land and conforms to the plan for the area concerned; development goals for the Accra Plains.  ensure that through sound, sustainable land use planning, socio-economic activities are consistent with sound land use through sustainable land use planning in the long term national development goals; and Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 19 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project  promote community participation and public awareness at all levels in sustainable land management and development practices to ensure the highest and best use of land. The core business of VRA is to generate electrical energy for industrial, commercial and The project will take water from the Kpong domestic use in Ghana. VRA operates the Akosombo and Kpong Hydroelectric Dams. Dam which is managed and operated by VRA. The selected scheme management entity will Volta River Authority collaborate with VRA to ensure that abstraction of water from the dam does not endanger water levels in the dam for electricity generation. In Ghana, people of common descent owe allegiance to a symbol of collective authority, such as the ‘stool’ for the Akan’s of southern Ghana or the ‘skin’ for the northern peoples. Traditional authorities play a role in the administration of the area. At the village level, family and land disputes and development issues are also traditionally dealt with by the The Osudoku Traditional Council is a key village chief and elders. stakeholder to the project and Traditional Authorities GCAP/GIDA/SME will work closely with the In addition to providing an important leadership role, especially in the more rural areas, Council. chiefs act as custodians of stool/skin land, can mobilize their people for developmental efforts and arbitrate in the resolution of local disputes. Although chiefs have no direct political authority, some are appointed by the Government on District Assemblies. International Conventions The three goals of the CBD are to promote the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable Ghana is a signatory to these international use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the conventions which are also are relevant to the utilization of genetic resources. United Nations proposed project. The proposed project has The convention calls for the adoption of national strategies, plans and programmes for the Convention on Biological potential impacts on biodiversity and will have conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into their relevant sectoral and Diversity to implement appropriate climate change cross‐sectional plans, programmes and policies. One of the tools that are prescribed for adaptation measures. Ghana, being a signatory the management of biodiversity is environmental assessment. Article 14 of the convention of these conventions, will work towards the deals with impact assessment and minimization of adverse impacts. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 20 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Policy/Legal/Institutional Framework Key Requirements/Objective Applicability/Relevance to Undertaking/Project Convention on The objective of the Convention is to conserve wildlife and prevent international trade achievement of the respective goals of these International Trade in from threatening species with extinction. conventions. Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora This ESIA did not identify endangered species (CITES) in the project area. However, per chance find The UNFCCC provides the basis for global action to protect the climate system for present or if any endangered species is found to be and future generations. present, appropriate mitigation measures have The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the been proposed in the ESIA for their protection United Nations Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant and conservation. Framework Convention on provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the Climate Change (UNFCCC) atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) has the objective to Protect Ghana ratified the Convention in 2003 and the human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants by reducing or EPA is mandated to ensure that chemicals used eliminating releases to the environment. The Convention sets out an effectiveness in the country conforms to the dictates of the evaluation which consists of three key elements: Convention. The EPA therefore registers and o Reports and other environmental monitoring information pursuant to paragraph annually approves chemicals for the use in the Stockholm Convention on 2 of Article 16; country. Persistent Organic o National reports submitted pursuant to Article 15 (i.e., reports by Parties on the The Scheme Management Entity for the KIS will Pollutants (POPs) - UNEP measures they have taken and the effectiveness of those measure); and therefore ensure that all chemicals used on the 2001 o Non-compliance information submitted pursuant to Article 17. scheme are EPA approved and conforms to the It provides a list of chemicals prohibited/eliminated, restricted, and reduce in production dictates of the Stockholm Convention. and use including export and import for intentionally and unintentionally produced chemicals in Annexes A, B and C. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 21 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 2.2 World Bank Safeguard Policies The World Bank (WB) has published policies/procedures to guide the safe development of projects they provide funds to. Among the ten (10) WB Safeguards Policies, six (6) – OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats, OP/BP 4.09 Pest Management, OP/BP 4.11: Physical Cultural Resources, OP/BP 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement and OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams are triggered by the proposed project. The WB safeguards policies and a summary of their core requirements are provided in the Table 2-2. Table 2-2: Summary of World Bank Safeguard Policies No World Bank Summary of core requirements Potential for Remarks or Safeguard Trigger recommendation for Policy under proposed project proposed project 1 OP/BP 4.01 Requires environmental assessment (EA) Triggered The proposed project falls in Environmental of projects proposed for Bank financing Category A, thus an ESIA is Assessment to help ensure that they are required. environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making. The EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and physical cultural resources); and trans boundary and global environmental aspects. It categorizes proposed projects into categories A, B, C or FI based on the extent of adverse impacts anticipated from the project. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 22 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No World Bank Summary of core requirements Potential for Remarks or Safeguard Trigger recommendation for Policy under proposed project proposed project 2 OP/BP 4.04: Do not finance projects that degrade or Triggered Terrestrial studies show that Natural convert critical habitats. Support the vegetation of the project Habitats projects that affect non- critical habitats area has been largely only if no alternatives are available and if modified by intensive acceptable mitigation measures are in agricultural activities and place. human settlement The policy strictly limits the development however the circumstances under which any Bank- aquatic studies revealed supported project can damage natural high abundance of habitats (land and water areas where biodiversity. Rehabilitation most of the native plant and animal and Dredging works in the species are still present). canals and drainage lagoons will have a temporary impact on local biodiversity. No critical habitats were identified. 3 OP/BP 4.09 Pest Support integrated approaches to pest Triggered GCAP prepared a Pest Management management, identify pesticides that Management Plan (PMP) in may be financed under the project and 2011 to guide its programs. develop appropriate pest management In addition, management plan to address this measures for pests associated with crops to be cultivated under the scheme have been incorporated in the ESIA. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 23 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No World Bank Summary of core requirements Potential for Remarks or Safeguard Trigger recommendation for Policy under proposed project proposed project 4 OP/BP 4.11: Investigate and create inventories for Triggered The proposed project area is Physical cultural resources potentially affected. an existing irrigation scheme Cultural Include mitigation measures when there and no culturally sensitive Resources are adverse impacts on physical cultural sites have been identified resources or avoid if possible (i.e. natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance). There is a low possibility of chance finds however, where there is a chance find of cultural resource during project implementation, the procedure to follow is outlined in section 4.3.7 5 OP/BP 4.12: Assist individuals whose source of Triggered The project has been Involuntary income or livelihood is affected by the designed such that it will not Resettlement project and displaced persons to improve result in land acquisition, or at least restore their standards of physical relocation and/or living. Avoid or minimize resettlement displacement of persons. KIS where feasible. Displaced persons should is an existing scheme and share in project profits. will not require an expansion The policy aims to avoid involuntary which may necessitate some resettlement to the extent feasible, or to resettlement. However, minimize and mitigate its adverse social rehabilitation activities will and economic impacts. have a temporary impact on The policy prescribes compensation and the livelihood of farmers other resettlement measures to achieve within the scheme and its objectives and requires that communities (i.e. Klebuse, borrowers prepare adequate Dogbedzi and Kasunya, etc.) resettlement planning instruments prior which rely on the canals for to Bank appraisal of proposed projects. irrigation farming. A pump bypass is incorporated in the designs to continuously supply water for irrigation during construction. Other mitigation measures have been proposed in Table 7-1. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 24 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No World Bank Summary of core requirements Potential for Remarks or Safeguard Trigger recommendation for Policy under proposed project proposed project 6 OP 4.37: Safety Requires that experienced and Triggered The Kpong Dam is an existing of Dams competent professionals design and hydroelectric dam which supervise construction, and that the was also designed to provide borrower adopts and implements dam water for the irrigation safety measures through the project scheme. It is not part of part cycle. of the project’s The policy distinguishes between small rehabilitation and and large dams by defining small dams as modernization works. It is those normally less than 15 meters in managed by the Volta River height. Large dams are 15 meters or Authority (VRA) and all dam more in height. safety requirements are the responsibility of VRA. A dam safety report has been prepared by the VRA and has been reviewed and found to be satisfactory by GCAP and the World Bank. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 25 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 2.3 Relevant Environmental Quality Guidelines The guideline provides for permissible levels for ambient air quality, noise levels and effluent quality guidelines for discharge into natural water bodies. The environmental guidelines issued in 1997 include:  National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (NAAQG);  National Ambient Noise Level Guidelines (NANLG); and  National Effluent Quality Discharge Guidelines (NEQDG). Refer to Annex 2a for the NAAQG, NANLG and NEQDG. 2.4 Relevant Legal Approvals - Permit/Licences/Certificates The relevant approvals required for the implementation of the Project are summarized in Table 2- 3. The status of the required approvals is provided as Annex 2b. Table 2-3: Key Regulatory Approvals Regulatory body Permits/licenses Applicabl Project Phase Remarks /Status and certificates e Environmental Environmental Yes Prior to Construction After acceptance of Protection Permit Phase final ESIA by the EPA. Agency Environmental Yes Within 18 to 24 months After preparation of Certificate of commencement of first ESMP. Renewable Operations every three years Water Water Use Permit Yes Agricultural -Renewal of water use Resources Development and permit every three Commission Operational Phase years Ghana National Fire Permit/ Yes Construction of office Renewable on annual Fire Service Certificate buildings/ facilities basis Shai Osudoku Development and Yes Prior to construction of - District and building approvals facilities Lower Manya (for office buildings/ Krobo District facilities Assemblies Factories Certificate of Yes Construction, and Renewable on annual Inspectorate Registration Agricultural basis Department Development and Operational phase. During construction of office, warehouse/ storage units or processing facilities Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 26 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND ALTERNATIVES This chapter provides a detailed description of existing conditions under the proposed well as activities to be undertaken to implement the project. 3.1 Location of the Proposed Rehabilitation and Modernization Project The Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) is located across the Greater Accra and Eastern Regions near the towns of Asutsuare and Akuse in the Shai-Osudoku and Lower Manya Krobo Districts respectively. The location is about two hours North East of Accra as shown in Figures 3-1 and 3-2. It extends along the right bank of the Volta River from the Kpong Hydro-Electric Power Station at Akuse to its confluence, which is about 20km downstream at Asutsuare and finally ends in Kasunya. Figure 3-1: Location of the Kpong Irrigation Site (SAL, 2016) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 27 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Figure 3-2: Location of the Kpong Irrigation Scheme Site showing the boundaries of the scheme (SAL, 2016) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 28 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 3.2 The Existing Irrigation Scheme The KIS lies below the Kpong Dam Reservoir, which provides the scheme’s irrigation requirements through an Intake Sliding Gate to the Akuse Main Canal. It delivers the irrigation water requirements to all three irrigated areas by controlled gravity flow. The scheme boundaries of the KIS are shown by Figure 3-3. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 29 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA (SECTION C) Figure 3-3: Layout of the Kpong Irrigation Scheme (Source: BRL 2016) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 30 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA The Kpong Dam Intake Gate is located on the Right Hand Side (RHS) of the Kpong Dam at the intake to the Akuse Main Canal. KIS consists of three separate irrigation areas which are all served from the Main Canal: Sections A, B and C. Section A and Section B which are gravity fed irrigation schemes crop double paddy rice on an approximate area of 2,125 ha. The third irrigated area is Section C, which is serviced by a Re-lift Pumping Station abstracting water from the Southern Low Level Canal (SLLC) and delivering it to the High Level Canal (HLC), which services Section C through seven (7) Storage Reservoirs (SRs). Section C is currently cropped to drip irrigated bananas for export to European markets and comprises some 1,140 ha of bananas of an available contracted area of 1,200 ha net. The KIS currently retains infrastructure which is between 27 years and 50 years old; much of it in reasonable condition, structurally, but in need of rehabilitation. Existing infrastructure is provided in Table 3-1. Table 3-1: Existing infrastructure at the KIS DESCRIPTION SECTION A SECTION B SECTION C TOTAL Main canal, km 16 8.7 7.1 31.8 Branch canal, km 9.9 19.6 0 29.5 Intakes and outfalls 1 2 0 3 Canal cross regulator 7 4 2 13 Main canal offtakes 16 2 5 23 Branch canal turnout 53 28 0 81 Lateral check & drop 320 180 0 500 Syphons, no. 6 2 2 10 Night storage res 4 18 4 26 Lateral culverts, no. 28 90 0 118 Main drains, km 19 11.3 18.1 48.8 Branch drains, km 12.8 13.8 3 29.6 Drain culvert, large 14 29 31 74 Drain culverts, small 130 26 27 183 Grass spillway, km 9.5 1 2.2 12.7 Project main roads 18.3 25.7 14.7 58.7 Drain roads, km 17.6 7.5 8 33.1 Link roads 44.4 15.9 0 60.3 Field roads, km 20 39 50 109 Sub-laterals, km 102.6 39.0 0 141.6 Irish Crossing, no. 7 1 1 9 Houses, no. 56 Workshop & Stores, no. 3 Drying floors, m2 2200 3720 0 5920 Pump station, no. In use by Golden Exotic 1 Pump station, no. Defunct 1 Foot bridges 3 0 0 3 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 31 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA The deterioration of the irrigation scheme infrastructure has decreased the hydraulic efficiency of the infrastructure which has resulted in: (i) the loss of irrigable area owing to the decrease in hydraulic efficiency of the canals resulting in a loss of the scheme’s operation to command areas of land with subsequent loss of the project area for cropping; and (ii) the loss of irrigable land due to the inundation of or, waterlogging of irrigated lands owing to a decrease in the drainage efficiency and thus the scheme’s inability to remove excess runoff from the cropped area resulting in the subsequent loss of land to cropping. 3.2.1 Section A (Akuse Area) KIS Section A (the Akuse Area) is about 16.5 km long. It has an area of about 1,108ha and covers the area from Akuse to the main Asutsuare road near the old sugar factory. It comprises of the Akuse Intake structures from the Kpong Reservoir to the junction where section B takes off, eight (8) Branch Canals (Kpong Farms Branch Canal to the AK/C6 Branch Canal) as well as four (4) Night Storage Reservoirs (NSRs – RA1 to RA4) and the main drainage system of the Grassed Waterways, Lanor Creek and Loman Creek. Section A is designed for 12-hour irrigation scheduling. All canals are operated for 12 hours and then they are closed down while the 4 x Night Storage Reservoirs (NSR) are filled during the following 12 hours of operation. Section A: Irrigation and Drainage Infrastructure A. Kpong Dam Intake Gate from Kpong Dam Reservoir The Intake Gate Structure on the RHS of the Kpong Dam Reservoir embankment was constructed at the time of the construction of the dam for the purpose of supplying water for irrigation to those areas downstream of the Kpong Dam. The Intake Gate is a sliding gate constructed of steel of approximate dimensions of 2.76 m x 1.7 m with a lifting mechanism of a cold rolled steel stem and Control Panel Type Lifting Mechanism. The Intake Gate delivery discharge to the Akuse Main Canal was determined as a maximum of 7.2 m3/s on the basis that Sir MacDonald & Partners adopted the “Normal Low Level” Kpong Dam generation operation level of 14.60 m as the operational Water Level (WL) elevation in the reservoir for the delivery of water to the Akuse Main Canal. At that WL elevation of 14.6 m, the intake flow through the intake gate will be 7.2 m3/s. This is the design flow for the Akuse Main Canal and is the maximum discharge that can be delivered. With a reservoir WL elevation of 14.60 m and taking into consideration the losses through the intake gate and the intake culvert structure the following WL elevations, are the designed canal operational water levels, 14.05 m at the intake of the MC and 11.10 m in the MC at the intersection of the Section B canals of NLLC and SLLC. These levels must be maintained at the time of peak irrigation requirements and should be maintained at all irrigation requirement flows within the MC to enable the delivery of the correct water requirements to the various Branch Canal offtakes. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 32 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA When the Kpong Reservoir WL elevation is above 14.6 m, then KIS Scheme Management must close the Intake Gate to a level which controls the MC operational water levels of 14.05 m and 11.10 m. B. Akuse Main Canal The Akuse Main Canal has a total length of 16.57 km long. The canal is constructed from black/brown swelling clays. The clay cracks when dry k. However, when wet they swell and seal thus preventing water seepage/leakage through their banks. Other key infrastructure associated with the Akuse Main Canal Structures are as follows: 1. Branch Canal Intake Gate Servicing Kpong Farms (0.06 km). 2. Siphon Inlets – Cross Regulator Gate Structures (6 off). 3. Irish Crossings – Downstream of the Siphon Structures on the Main Canal. 4. Branch Canal Intake Movable Weir Gates – (6 off). 5. Modular Gated Lateral Offtakes from the Main Canal (M0 and M1 to M9) – (10 off). 6. Sluice Gate Head Regulator – Intake to the Southern Low Level Canal (SLLC) (1 off). 7. Other Structures on the Main Canal: (a) Culvert/Bridge on Main Canal under the Road to the VRA Offices at Kpong Dam. (b) Sump/Turnout to Kpong Farms (VRA). (c) Escape Structure under Main Canal. (d) Road Bridge to Akuse. (e) M5a Offtake Structure on MC (Additional Offtake to M5 Block) – Ch 8960. (f) AKC6 Additional Offtake on the MC to Lateral Block 1 – Ch 15828. C. Branch Canals The eight Branch Canals at Section A are briefly described below. Generally, the Branch Canals are composed of the following structures:  branch canal;  branch canal structures;  laterals;  sub-laterals;  laterals structures;  infield roads (including boundary roads);  infield drains and branch drains; and  infield and branch drain structures. Kpong Farms Branch Canal (3.43 km) The VRA owned Kpong Farms Branch Canal extends over a length of 3.43 km to serve the Kpong farms, which land is owned by VRA. Branch Canal AK/C1 (2.22 km) This Branch Canal delivers the water requirements to six (6) AK/C1 lateral canals for their 12-hour irrigation schedule and the continual 24-hour inflow requirements to the NSR-RA1 which services the Branch Canal AK/C2. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 33 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Branch Canal AK/C2 (3.00 km) The Intake Gate off-taking from the AK/C1 Branch Canal to the NSR RA1 is a Moveable Weir Canal Head Regulator Gated Structure which delivers the necessary 24-hour flow requirements to the NSR RA1 for operation and refilling requirements of the NSR which services the 12-hour irrigation requirements to the AK/C2 Branch Canal. Branch Canal AK/C3 (2.09 km) The Intake Gate off-taking from the Main Canal to the NSR RA2 is a Moveable Weir Canal Head Regulator Gated Structure which delivers the necessary 24-hour flow requirements to the NSR RA2 for operation and refilling requirements of the NSR which services the 12-hour irrigation requirements to the AK/C3 Branch Canal. Branch Canal AK/C4 (2.5 km) The Intake Gate off-taking from the Main Canal to the NSR RA3 is a Moveable Weir Canal Head Regulator Gated Structure which delivers the necessary 24-hour flow requirements to the NSR RA3 for operation and refilling requirements of the NSR which services the 12-hour irrigation requirements to the AK/C4 Branch Canal. Branch Canal AK/C5 (0.723 km) The Intake Gate off-taking from the Main Canal to the NSR RA4 is a Moveable Weir Canal Head Regulator Gated Structure which delivers the necessary 24-hour flow requirements to the NSR RA4 for operation and refilling requirements of the NSR which services the 12-hour irrigation requirements to the AK/C5 Branch Canal. Branch Canal – Western Supply Canal (WSC – 1.53 km) This Branch Canal delivers the water requirements to three (3) WSC lateral canals for their 12- hour irrigation schedule. Branch Canal AK/C6 (0.56 km) This Branch Canal delivers the water requirements to five (5) AK/C6 lateral canals of 75 l/s capacity for their 12-hour irrigation schedule and rotation between laterals. D. Laterals/Sub Laterals There are two categories of lateral canals in Section A: Lateral Canals off-take from the Akuse Main Canal (M1 to M9) and Lateral Canals off-taking from the Branch Canals. The Lateral Canals generally comprise of the following infrastructure: 1. Main Lateral Canals; 2. Lateral Group Sub-laterals; 3. Lateral Structures; a) Drop/Check Structures; b) Check Structures; and c) Culverts. 4. In-field Roads; 5. Infield Drains including Lateral Collector Drains; 6. Infield Drain Structures; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 34 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 7. Branch Drain; and 8. Branch Drain Structures. Lateral Canals off-taking from the Akuse Main Canal a) M1 to M4 Lateral Canals Off-taking from the Main Canal M1 to M4 Lateral Canals have a total length is 4.33 km of canal servicing a total length of 342 m of sub-lateral canals. The Intake Gates for the M1 to M4 Lateral Canals off-taking from the Akuse Main Canal are the Nyrtec Module Gates. The laterals serviced by these module gates also operate on a 12-hour irrigation schedule. b) M5 to M9 Lateral Canals Off-taking from the Main Canal M5 to M9 Lateral Canals have a total length is 5.92 km of canal servicing a total length of 2,418 m of sub-lateral canals. The Intake Gates for the M5 to M9 Lateral Canal off-taking from the Akuse Main Canal are the Nyrtec Module Gates. The laterals serviced by these module gates also operate on a 12-hour irrigation schedule. Lateral Canals off-taking from the Branch Canals a) Kpong Farm Laterals: There are eleven (11) main Lateral Canals off-taking from the Kpong Farm Branch Canal. The total length is 4,811 m of canal servicing a total length of 1,195 m of sub-lateral canals. b) AK/C1 Laterals (6 off) There are six (6) main Lateral Canals off-taking from the AK/C1 Branch Canal. The total length is 4,483 m of canal servicing a total length of 3,551 m of sub-lateral canals. c) AK/C2 Main Laterals The total length of the main laterals is 6,693 m servicing a total length of 4,705 m of sub-lateral canals. d) AK/C3 Main Laterals There are eleven (11) main Lateral Canals off-taking from the AK/C3 Branch Canal. The total length is 11,029 m of canal servicing a total length of 5,341 m of sub-lateral canals. e) AK/C4 Main Laterals There are nine (9) main Lateral Canals off-taking from the AK/C4 Branch Canal. The total length is 7,400 m of canal servicing a total length of 6,600 m of sub-lateral canals. f) AK/C5 Main Laterals There are three (3) main Lateral Canals off-taking from the AK/C5 Branch Canal. The total length is 4,138 m of canal servicing a total length of 275 m of sub-lateral canals. g) Western Supply Canal (WSC) Laterals There are three (3) main Lateral Canals off-taking from the WSC Branch Canal. The total length is 1,036 m of canal servicing a total length of 3,958 m of sub-lateral canals. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 35 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA h) AK/C6 Laterals (5 off) AK/C6 services 5 Main Lateral Canal of a total length of 3,816 m. The total length of the sub- laterals under AK/C6 is approximately 3,775 m. Infrastructure for Other Water Users. A. Cattle Watering Points on MC Field inspections by the Engineering Consultant identified one (1) site which is located between the MC lateral canal turnouts of M2 and M3. The SM&P design was the excavation of a low area which incorporated the MC catchment drain and as a low point, with water delivered from the MC by a pipe to the low area and controlled by the MC water level. This design however results in water losses. The catchment drain at the above site was totally destroyed in terms of hydraulic operation, as there was no control and cattle herders paid little care to scheme infrastructure. Other water users with off-take structures along the Akuse Main Canal include the following: a) five commercial fish farms (CGB Fish Farm, Kings Aquatic Fish Farm, Bartse Fish Farm, Blue Star Fish Farm and Best Choice Fish Farm); b) Musah Poultry Farm, a commercial poultry farm; c) Shinefeel Ghana Limited, a commercial factory (toilet roll manufacturers); and d) out-of-command / illegal off-takes from the Akuse main canal. The commercial operations use water from the Akuse Main Canal without any approved off-take structure or means of flow measurement. These off-takes have been registered by the KIS Scheme Management but their payment is based on an “area” allocation and not a “volumetric” allocation or measurement. Section A : Main Drains A. Grassed Waterways and creeks A system of Collector Drains runs adjacent to each lateral field plot and discharges into the Main Drainage System. The drains are trapezoidal with a minimum depth of 0.6 m. There are four (4) Grassed Waterways and two (2) creeks which serve as the Main Drains of the Section A irrigation area. Lomen Creek acts as the major drain which collects all of the drainage outflows from the seven Branch Canal command areas and from the Grassed Waterways and then discharges into the Volta River. The other creek, Lanor Creek acts similarly to the grassed waterways in that it drains sections of the AK/C5, AK/C6 and Western Supply Canal (WSC) command areas plus all of the grassed waterways and Lanor Creek were constructed to carry the runoff from the southern and south west external catchments across the irrigation area and deliver them to Lomen Creek and then ultimately outflow into the Volta River. B. Akuse Main Canal Toe Drain(s) The overall length of the Main Canal Toe Drain is 13.5 km from chainage Ch2500 to Ch16000. This drain is to collect any seepage from the main canal on the basis of seepage lines and gradients and to remove any standing water from the actual toe of the left hand bank of the Main Canal. It requires minor rehabilitation to bring it back into service. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 36 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA C. Akuse Main Canal Catchment Drain(s) (Approx. 16 km in length) The Main Canal Catchment Drain(s) runs parallel to the Main Canal on the upstream side of the Left Hand Side (LHS) bank of the Main Canal. The Catchment Drain is constructed to carry the smaller runoff flows that discharge from the upstream catchments to the Southwest and South of the Main Canal. The Catchment Drain discharges at several locations along the Main Canal; i.e. either into the Grassed Spillways and Drains passing over the Siphon Structures or into the upstream catchment drainage channels leading to the Grassed Spillway and Section A Main Drains. 3.2.2 Section B (Asutsuare Area) KIS Section B irrigation area receives its irrigation requirement from the Akuse Main Canal at approximately the junction of both the Southern Low Level Canal (SLLC) and the Northern Low Level Canal (NLLC) with the Akuse Main Canal as shown in Figure 3-3. Both the SLLC and NLLC delivers the irrigation requirement to an area of approximately 1,017 ha of double cropped paddy rice. In addition, the SLLC delivers the water requirement of the Section C drip irrigation banana plantation to the Re-lift Pump, abstracting its water requirement from the SLLC and delivering it to the High Level Canal (HLC) of Section C. Section B Irrigation and Drainage Infrastructure A. Branch Canals Section B irrigation area is bounded by the Branch Canals of the Northern Low Level Canal (NLLC), the Southern Low Level Canal (SLLC), Distributary Y off-taking from the SLLC, and Distributary Z which also off-takes from the SLLC. a) Northern Low Level Canal (NLLC) The NLLC Canal is 6.26 km in length and commences at the existing SLLC road culvert as it crosses the NLLC. The total length of the laterals is 4.86 km. These laterals are bigger than the normal laterals designed by SM&P to the design discharge of 75 l/s capacity. The larger laterals have, on average, a 3 m top width. The total length of the sub-laterals is 16.63 km. b) Southern Low Level Canal (SLLC) The SLLC Canal is 5.3 km in length and the Ch 0.00 for this canal commences at the current Canal Cross Regulator and is taken as the inlet structure to the SLLC. The total length of laterals is 3.55 km. These laterals are bigger than the normal laterals designed by SM&P to the design discharge of 75 l/s capacity except for Laterals U, X1 and X2. The larger laterals have, on average, a 3 m top width. The total length of the sub-laterals is 15.54 km. c) Branch Canal – Distributary Y The Distributary Y Canal is 4.03 km in length and commences at the existing Moveable Weir Canal Head Regulator Structure at the point of off-take from the SLLC canal. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 37 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA There are nine (9) Lateral Canals, designated OA, OB, 1, 2/3, 4/5 and 6/7 off-taking from the Distribution Y. These service the sub-lateral canals and command the fields of rice paddy. 10.8 km of sub-laterals off-take from the lateral canals. d) Branch Canal – Distributary Z The Distributary Z Canal is 8.302 km in length and commences at the Sluice Gate Canal Head Regulator Structure just upstream of the Measurement Flume and just downstream of the Lateral 8 off-take structure on SLLC canal. There are fifteen (15) Lateral canals off-taking from the Distribution Z. These laterals are designated from Lateral No. 9 to Lateral No. 21, with laterals 17 and 18 also with A & B laterals each. These service the sub-lateral canals and command the fields of rice paddy. 18.934 km of sub-laterals off-take from the lateral canals. Asutsuare “Old Pump” Station on the Volta River The “Old Pumping Station” or more precisely the Pumping Station on the Volta River at Asutsuare and adjacent to the NLLC Canal of the KIS Section B (low lying area). The pumping station, which was designed to irrigate some 4,000 ha of sugarcane and small low lying areas for paddy rice; only realised some 2,200 ha approximately. The pumping station was commissioned to deliver 4.25 m3/s using five (5) electrically driven centrifugal pumps at a static head of 14.5 m. There were three (3) additional pump bays constructed in the Pump Station for future expansion. The pumps pump directly into a 9,900 m3 earthen bank reservoir from which through a triple gate arrangement, water was supplied to the NLLC Canal and to the then Main Canal, now the upper section of the NLLC Canal assuming that the Chainage point of the NLLC, Ch. 0+000 is the sluice gate structure at the inlet of the Aqueduct on the canal. Following the development of the Akuse Main Canal under the Kpong Irrigation Scheme development by Sir MacDonald & Partners, 1988/98, the Asutsuare Pump Station which was supplying Section B and delivering water to the Re-lift Pumping Station for delivery to Section C was decommissioned, pumps and fittings were removed and is no longer used. Electricity charges kill any reasonable income, as the market price of rice is just not high enough to cover the cost of electrically generated irrigation water. Section B Main Drainage System The Main Drainage System of the Section B irrigation area is a combination of the main scheme drains out falling into three lagoons with an array of interconnecting large drains which eventually outfall into a tributary of the Volta River thus carrying all Section B discharge water to the Volta River. The two (2) internal Main Drains of the Section B irrigation area are: a) Lupu Main Drain – o This drain carries all runoff from the NLLC and SLLC irrigation command areas. b) Sopa-Kasu Link Drain – Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 38 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA o This drain carries all runoff from all of the irrigation command area of Distributary Y Branch Canal and the runoff from the first eight (8) Lateral Canal irrigation areas of the Distributary Z Branch Canal. o The remaining eight (8) Lateral Canal irrigation areas of Distributary Z Branch Canal drain direct into the Kasu Lagoon and the Kasu Outfall Drain which in reality are external to the Section B irrigation area; forming the southern boundary of the Distributary Z irrigation area. The Lupu Main Drain discharges into the Lupu Lagoon from which it drains into the Klebwe Lagoon, through the Lupu-Klebwe Link Drain. The Klebwe Lagoon then drains into the Klebwe Outfall Drain which in turn outfalls into the Lukwe River, a distributary of the Volta River, and ultimately discharging into the Volta River. The Sopa-Kasu Link Drain drains the Sopa Lagoon, which does dry out during the dry season, and then flows into the Kasu Lagoon. The Sopa Lagoon is the outfall for two drains within the Distributary Y irrigation area; the Escape Drain which receives drain flows from the Section C drain, DA, through a culvert under Distributary Y, and a Grassed Spillway which also receives drain flows from Section C drain, DB, which flows into the Distributary Y catchment drain for small flows and then overtops into the spillway over the Distributary Y siphon spillway area for large flows and flows into the Sopa Lagoon picking up the Escape Drain flows before it enters the Sopa Lagoon. The Kasu Lagoon also receives drainage flows from Section C drains DC and DD which meets with the Distributary Y catchment drain and then flows into the Kasu Lagoon. The Kasu Lagoon then outfalls through the Kasu Outfall Drain into the Lukwe River and then eventually discharging into the Volta River. In total, there are seven (7) major drains and three (3) lagoons which, if not well-maintained impact on the drainage efficiency of the Section B irrigation area of KIS. Currently this is a major problem as the maintenance planning and programs implemented by KIS Scheme Management for the Section B drainage system are irregular, short of funding and ineffective owing to a lack of the correct machinery and equipment to clean the drains and lagoons. 3.2.3 Section C (High level Canal) The Section C irrigation area (approximately 1,400 ha planned irrigation) of the KIS is an area of high elevation relative to the lower areas of Section A and Section B of the KIS. Water is delivered by a Re-lift Pump Station on a delivery canal which off-takes from the SLLC. The Re-lift Pump Station is equipped with 4 x Centrifugal Pumps of 0.7 m3/s pumping capacity for operation of 4 x pumps at a capacity of 2.8 m3/s without standby pump. The area is currently farmed by Golden Exotics Limited (GEL), who have an area of 1,140 ha of plantation bananas with the intention of increasing this to an area of 1,200 ha net planted area. The irrigation of the area is by drip irrigation from 7 reservoir storages from which a number of farm sections are irrigated by pumping from the reservoirs. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 39 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Section C Irrigation and Drainage Infrastructure a) Inlet Supply Canal from SLLC (0.26 km) The Section C irrigation water supply is delivered to the Re-lift Pump Station by a 260 m Intake Canal which offtakes from the SLLC. Key infrastructure in this section are: 1. Supply Canal Structure; 2. Maintenance / Inspection Road. b) Re-lift Pump Station The Re-lift Pump Station has a capacity of 1.7 m3/s using 2 centrifugal pumps, each of a capacity of 0.85 m3/s. c) Concrete Pipe – Pump Delivery Conduit (1.2 m Diam) The pump discharge from the Re-lift Pump Station is delivered to the High Level Canal (HLC) through a 1.2 m diameter concrete pipe. The pipe joints are broken and are leaking. The pipeline needs to be replaced. d) High Level Canal (HLC) The HLC is 6.40 km in length and commences at the Discharge Basin, which received the pumped flows from the Re-lift Pump through the 500 m long concrete delivery pipe to the HLC. There are existing Moveable Weir Canal Head Regulator Structure at the point of off-take from the SLLC canal. Section C Main Drainage System The drainage system of the Section C irrigation area, GEL banana plantation, discharges from the field drains into the six (6) Main Drains; DA, DB, DC, DD, DE, DG and DH. The six (6) drains take runoff flows from the Section C farmed area as well as the U/S external catchments on the west of the HLC Branch Canal and HLC Catchment Drain. All the drains described are overgrown with excessive vegetation and aquatic weeds as well as small trees. a) Drains DA and DB Outfall from Boundary to Section B: The outfall length of the drain from the GEL boundary to the culvert structure under the Distributary Y Canal of Section B is 50 m. The outfall at the culvert drains into the Section B Escape Drain (constructed like a grassed spillway). b) DC and DD Outfall Drains: The outfall length of the DD drain from the GEL farm boundary to the junction with the DC drain is approximately 441 m. From this junction, the DC/DD combined drain travels to the final discharge outfall into the Kasu Lagoon. The length of the DC drain from the GEL farm boundary to the Kasu Lagoon is 930 m. c) DE Outfall Drain: The length of the DE drain is 1,035 m. This drain travels direct to its outfall at the Kasu Lagoon. d) Drains DG and DH Outfall Drains: Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 40 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA The DG outfall drain is 825 m in length from the GEL boundary to its outfall at the Nyapia Lagoon – general marshy area of the lagoon. The DH outfall drain is 413 m in length and is measured as the length of canal between the GEL boundary and its junction with the DG Drain with flows continuing in the DG Drain. The DH outfall drain is a combination of both the Grassed Spillway which runs parallel to the DH Drain from Siphon No. 2 on the HLC Canal, Ch 6350. The Grassed Spillway meets with the DH/DG and then flows to the same outfall at the Nyapia Lagoon. 3.2.4 Lagoons and Lukwe River There are four (4) Lagoons and one (1) Kasu Lagoon Protection Embankment, which are part of drainage system of the KIS. The lagoons are the Lupu, the Klebwe, the Kasu and the Nyapia lagoons. Similarly, the main outfall of the Section B and Section C drainage flows is the Lukwe River. This river alignment and its allotted Right of Way (RoW) of the river embankments must also be maintained by the KIS Scheme Management; clearing, cleaning and ensuring the maintenance/inspection roads of the Lukwe River and Kasu Lagoon Protection Embankment remain functional. 3.3 Current Farm Operations and Agriculture Practices The KIS Akuse Main Canal gravity feeds water to three designated areas ; (i) Section A, the Akuse Irrigation Area of 1,108 ha, designed as “New Area” under the SM&P “SM&P “design and construct” project of 1988/89 to 1997/98, (ii) Section B, the old Asutsuare Irrigation Scheme “Low Area” of 1,017 ha and designed for rehabilitation works under the SM&P “design and construct” project of 1988/89 to 1997/98, and (iii) Section C, the old Asutsuare Irrigation Scheme “High Area” of 775 ha, supplied from a Re-lift Pump Station abstracting water from the Section B Southern Low Level Canal (SLLC) to the Section C High Level Canal (HLC). The Section C area is now an area of 1,140 ha of banana plantation owned by a Ghanaian registered French Company; Golden Exotics Limited (GEL). It should be noted that for the 2015/2016 dry season paddy rice plantings, only 76.54% of the Section A and Section B available irrigated area was planted; 1,626 ha; a loss of some 499 ha of paddy rice production, impacting individual incomes and community income as well as KIS economic and infrastructure viability. The current production areas for the above three KIS irrigated sections are as follows; Section A is 1,115.52 ha, Section B is 965.59 ha, all to irrigated paddy rice, and Section C is 1,140 ha of drip irrigated banana plantation with the intention to extend to 1,200 ha of bananas. The engineering consultant’s team carried out an agricultural survey of the KIS project area in April 2016. The results of the survey, which interviewed 276 farmers (approximately 15% of the total KIS beneficiary farmers) combined with the Consultants’ field survey are presented in this section. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 41 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Challenges currently faced by farmers under the irrigation project include:  unreliable water supply at some sections of the scheme due to blocked/destroyed sections of the canal;  conflicts among farmers due to different cropping patterns. Most farmers within the scheme crop at different times within the season hence, farmers require water on their fields at different times of the season. This affects farmers who may be harvesting and may not require water at a particular time of the season;  inadequate and high renting/hiring cost of machinery (power tillers, combine harvesters) for farmers;  lack of credit facilities for cropping activities;  high cost of milling and storage of rice at private warehouses within the KIS;  low crop yields; and  challenges in accessing ready market for the rice produce. 3.3.1 Cropping Pattern The irrigation scheme’s current cropping pattern is for double cropped rice; i.e. rice cultivated during each of the two seasons (major and minor wet seasons but specifically referred to as the Wet Season and the Dry Season). Table 3-2 below, shows the area cropped for each of the major and minor seasons for 2015. Table 3-2: Area Cultivated with Rice in 2015 RICE Section A Section B Total (Total Area: 1,016 (Total Area: 966 (1982 ha) ha) ha) Area harvested – 726 ha 827 ha 1,553 ha Major Season 2015 71.5 % 85.6 % 78.0% Area harvested – 851 ha 744 ha 1,595 ha Minor Season 2015 83.8 % 77.0% 80.0% Total Area Cropped 3,148 ha Cropping Intensity 1.6 Source: GIDA KIS Scheme Management Records In 2015, 1,553 ha were cultivated with rice during the major (wet) season and 1,595 ha during the minor (dry) season. The cropping intensity for 2015 was 1.6; i.e. 200% cropping was not achieved. Presently, the KIS’ total irrigated area is only cultivated with rice. There is no crop diversification within the irrigated farms of the KIS. However, vegetables are grown on “high ground” areas of the KIS canal system’s command areas – referenced as out-of-command areas – with water taken by pumping from canals either as legally registered with KIS Scheme Management approval or illegally without registration. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 42 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 3.3.2 Yield Expectations and Production The graph in Figure 3-4 below presents the KIS rice crop yield for both the major and minor cropping seasons for 2015-2016. Figure 3-4: KIS Rice Crop Yields for the 2015-2016 Major and Minor Cropping Seasons (BRL, 2016) The average yield for the major season was 4.4 t/ha and for the minor season, 5.3 t/ha. From the histogram oft can be seen that there is no significant difference for KIS Section A yields between the major and minor seasons. That is not the case for the yields of KIS Section B where there is a distinct difference, ranging from 1 t/ha and 2.2 t/ha, between the two seasons. This can be explained by a system of better water management and control within Section A compared to Section B; older infrastructure in Section B. This difference in water management and control between the two irrigation areas has a significant impact on the cropping calendar, and then on the crop yield. Figure 3-5 below shows a data series from 2006 to 2013 for the total production of the scheme (major + minor season). Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 43 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Figure 3-5: Total Scheme Production Data Series from 2006 to 2013 Major + Minor Seasons (BRL 2016) During this period, there is a continuous increase in the total scheme crop production, with a peak production in 2013 with 20,000 tons. 3.3.3 Typology of farmers The agricultural survey and subsequent review and analysis has delivered a lot of information on the KIS farmers, their farms and their income. Approximately 50% of the farmers have less than 1 ha of farm land for rice production. Forty percent (40%) have between 1 and 2 ha, and 10% of farmers have greater than 2 ha of land for crop production. The percentage spread of farm allocation / ownership is graphically displayed under Figure 3-6. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 44 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Figure 3-6: Graphical Presentation of Farmer’s Land Allocation / Ownership (ha) (BRL, 2016) From the agricultural survey and the collection and collation of other data, the Consultant has identified four (4) different types of farms within the KIS project area; reference Table 3-3 below. Table 3-3: Consultant Identified Types of Farms under the KIS from the Agricultural Survey Type I Type II Type III Type IV Small scale Medium scale Medium scale farms Large scale farms farms with rainfed crops farms Total irrigated rice in KIS area (ha) [0 ; 0,8[ [0,8 ; 1,5[ [0,8 ; 1,5[ 1,5 =< average area / farm (ha) 0,44 0,98 0,98 4,71 Section B 82 (86,3%) 26 (37,1%) 37 (52,9%) 15 (48,4%) A 13 (13,7%) 44 (62,9%) 33 (47,1%) 16 (51,6%) Rainfed crops Yes No Yes Yes Number of farmers 35 (36,8%) 0 (100%) 70 (100%) 15 (48,4%) Average area cultivated (ha) 0,61 0,97 1 Land ownership of rice Direct allocation from GIDA 79 (83,2%) 54 (77,1%) 57 (81,4%) 13 (41,9%) Subleased from owner No No No Yes Power tiller Owner 5 (5,3%) 2 (2,9%) 11 (15,7%) 10 (33,3%) Farmers Number 95 70 70 31 266 % 36% 26% 26% 12% 100% Irrigated rice in KIS Area total (ha) 42 69 69 70 250 % 17% 28% 28% 28% 100% Source: (BRL,2016) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 45 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Type I represents the small farms that have a maximum area of 0.8 ha of irrigated rice. The majority of these types of farms generally in Section B (86%). They have additional fields outside the KIS command area where they grow rain-fed crops (0.6 ha outside the KIS). Only 5% of these farms have a Power Tiller of their own. Type II farms have an area between 0.8 ha and 1.5 ha for irrigated rice. They are generally located in Section A (63%) and have no other farmland outside of the KIS for rain-fed cropping. Only 3% of these farms have a Power Tiller of their own. Type III farms have an area between 0.8 ha and 1.5 ha for irrigated rice similar to the Type II farms. But the difference is that they have an additional 1 ha of farmland outside the KIS for rain- fed cropping. Sixteen percent (16%) of the farmers of Type III have a Power Tiller of their own. Type IV farms represent the large farm with more than 1.5 ha of land for the cropping of irrigated rice. They also have an additional 1 ha farmland for rain-fed cropping outside of the KIS. One farm in three have a Power Tiller of their own. 3.3.4 Private Companies Cultivating Outside of the KIS The private companies or entities and/or individuals listed under Table 3-4 cultivate vegetables and are in the “out of command” areas within the KIS boundaries or on the “out -of-command” areas outside of the KIS boundaries. These areas cannot be irrigated by gravity feed and are usually serviced by pumping from the nearest canal to these “out -of-command” areas. KIS management staff have indicated that the majority of these companies are generally seasonal and do not return after harvesting and are not considered as permanent farmers under farmer beneficiary registration. Green Crop Farms has been seen cultivating in their area during 2016 and they are irrigating by pumping from the KIS Akuse Main Canal. The majority of “out -of- command” areas are on the RHS of the Akuse Main Canal with some pumped sites on the LHS of the MC, upstream of the AkuseRoad Bridge. Table 3-4: Private Companies/Entities Cultivating Outside of the KIS No Company / Individual Area Comments 1 Deca Farms C5 Land use only 2 Emmanuel Narh C4/9D 3 Alex Amartey Kasibia C3; RHS of Main Land + water use Canal 4 Agbo Hayford C1 Land + water use 5 OBB Farms Ltd - - 6 Vision Youth Agro Foundation - - 7 Pastor Stephen Nkansah - - 8 Trinity Place Limited Near Siphon 4 Water use only 9 Geffel Farms - - 10 Buersi Mumuni C1/RA1 Land + water use (pumping) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 46 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No Company / Individual Area Comments 11 Rashid Zeba M3 Land + water use 12 Amartey Michael Teye C3 Land + water use 13 Dr Joseph N. Padi NLLC Water use only 14 Felix Osei C1 Water use only 15 O.G. Farms Near Siphon 3 Water use only 16 Green Crop Farms Near Siphon 5 Water use only 17 Abena M. Abedi - Land + water use 18 Q Farms Limited - Land use only 19 Volta Community Farms - - 20 Fealch Farms - - 21 El-Gids Farms C5 - 22 Eric Xavier Amedzo C2 - 23 Easy Planet Limited C2 - 24 Jaete Company Limited C5/B2 - Source: (BRL, 2016) 3.3.5 Milling, Drying Floors and Warehousing There are twenty (20) milling companies/individual mills listed and accessible in the KIS community area. The main characteristics of these mills are presented in the Table 3-5. The main drying floors are owned by KIS and Abians Ltd. The turn-around and turn-over of drying times on these drying floors is very important so that maximum farmers can dry their own paddy production. The major part of a farmer’s production is sold on the market in paddy or directly to the mills. The milling capacity of the area is more than 250 t/day and the storage capacity is approximately 10,000 tons. In 2013, the total production reached was approximately 20,000 tons (major + minor season). The available storage capacity is enough for about 50% of that production in paddy, and for approximately 85% in milled rice. Based on the current KIS area milling capacity 80 days per year are required to mill the total quantity of rice production of KIS. There is a very significant difference between the mills in terms of the quality of milled rice produced by each mill. The majority of the small capacity mills produce a low quality white rice which contains small stones and a very high percentage level of broken grains. There is a real need for monetary investment and milling efficiency to increase the quality of the KIS mills. At the opposite end of the milling “quality” spectrum, the large mills like the one from Abians have modern milling equipment and infrastructure and produce quality rice. However, Abians still dry their paddy on drying floors comprising 59 bays in total. Modern drying equipment would be a bonus. Table 3-5 below presents characteristics of mills, warehouses and drying floors within the KIS area. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 47 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 3-5: Mills, Warehouses and Drying Floor Characteristics in the KIS Area Mill Name Warehouse Drying Floor Storage Dimensions Total Item Area Rice milled Coordinates (UTMS) Comments Name Capacity per unit Number Area Located (tons/day) (tons) (m) (m2) 1 Abians Akuse 10 3000 7x7 59 2891 183855 674468 Tarpaulins are used as 2 Catherine Akuse 18 270 None - - 183912 674411 drying floors Tarpaulins are used as 3 Mamele Akuse 9 90 None - - 184141 674264 drying floors Tarpaulins are used as 4 St Mary's Akuse 13.5 360 None - - 184276 674117 drying floors KIS Drying - Akuse - - 7.5 x 7.5 45 2531 184082 674393 Floor 5 Dakthom Akuse 13.5 270 7.5 x 7.5 15 844 183806 674580 Mr 6 Akuse - - None - - 183763 674614 Not operational yet Boamah 7 Adom Akuse 18 250 7.5 x 7.5 24 1350 183087 675139 8 K-Lines Akuse 9 450 7.5 x 7.5 30 1688 182866 675098 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 48 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Mill Name Warehouse Drying Floor Storage Dimensions Total Item Area Rice milled Coordinates (UTMS) Comments Name Capacity per unit Number Area Located (tons/day) (tons) (m) (m2) Additional drying area of 9 Goku Akuse 13.5 216 7.5 x 7.5 15 1460 181515 674877 616 m2 available Ocean Tarpaulins are used as 10 Asutsuare 9 54 None - - 189809 674005 Baby drying floors 11 Douglas Asutsuare 9 90 7.5 x 7.5 8 450 189819 673991 12 Ghasel Asutsuare 4.5 1200 7.5 x 7.5 22 1238 189009 672257 Warehouse is owned by KIS London Tarpaulins are used as 13 Asutsuare 6.3 180 None - - 188809 671918 Boy drying floors Tarpaulins are used as 14 Rebecca Asutsuare 13.5 1000 None - - 191873 672301 drying floors Additional 8 No drying floors 15 Somuah Asutsuare 18 750 7.5 x 7.5 12 675 191880 672301 are to be constructed Asutsuare Drying floors are owned by 16 Martey 27 225 7.5 x 7.5 84 4725 193912 672935 (Area A) KIS Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 49 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Mill Name Warehouse Drying Floor Storage Dimensions Total Item Area Rice milled Coordinates (UTMS) Comments Name Capacity per unit Number Area Located (tons/day) (tons) (m) (m2) Asutsuare 17 Aziagbor 7.2 90 193988 673063 (Area A) George Asutsuare 18 36 360 193988 673063 Guamah (Area A) Asutsuare 19 Pupulampo 5.4 90 194005 673109 (Area A) Asutsuare KIS old warehouse used for 20 Mrs Antwi 9 180 193960 673110 (Area A) storage Source: (BRL 2016) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 50 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 3.3.6 Agricultural Input Suppliers The engineering consultant conducted a survey on agricultural input suppliers within the scheme area. There are three main agrochemical agents in the KIS area: Abians, Okle and Altimate. The different types of agro-chemicals and fertilizers and their prices being used in the KIS area are listed in Table 3-6. Table 3-6: List of Agrochemical Prices in the KIS Area Price Item Type Unit Weight (GHc) Weedicide Tackle 1 litre 15 Chemosate 1 litre 15 Adwumara 1 litre 14 Raidout 1 litre 15 Glyking 1 litre 13 Glycot 1 litre 15 Clear-all 1 litre 13 Nwuvanura 1 litre 15 Glyphada 1 litre 15 Sunamine 1 litre 14 Nkateetse 500 ml 90 Bisonrice 250 ml 38 Onyzoplus 1 litre 28 Allegator 1 litre 28 Herbaking 1 litre 14 Conti-Quat 1 litre 19 Conti- Insecticide Halothrin 1 litre 23 Suu- Halothrin 1 litre 15 Dawa 1 litre 21 Dursban 1 litre 35 Termacide 1 litre 25 Fungicide Mancozan 500 g 12 Fertilizer NPK 15-15- 50 kg 105 15 Urea 50 kg 100 S04 50 kg 80 Source: BRL 2016 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 51 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA There are several fertilizer suppliers in the KIS area; WIENCO, Olam, Dizengoff, LDC, Yara, AFCOT and G/Stock. The three main types of fertilizers available in the area are; NPK, Urea and Sulphate (see Table 3-6). All of the farmers use fertilizers and weedicides as part of their cropping practices. The cost for the agrochemicals represents approximately 25% of the total production expenses of the rice farm budget. Details from the agricultural survey show that around 85% of the farmers buy their fertilizers and other chemicals with their own cash. The other 15% borrow money on credit (approximately 200GHc per ha). Farmers usually apply 400 kg/ha of NPK + 50 to 100 kg/ha Urea. The quantity of fertilizers that are used are directly linked to the yield expectations of the farmers. The amount of N currently applied in the KIS area is 96 units per ha which corresponds to an expected yield objective of approximately 5 t/ha. If the yield objective (expectation) is increased, the quantity of fertilizers applied should be increased accordingly. An objective expectation of 7 t/ha for KIS is reasonable and reachable. 3.3.7 Irrigation Demand and Likelihood of Additional Land for Allocation Section A is irrigated over a 12-hour irrigation schedule and Section B is irrigated over a 24-hour irrigation schedule on each day. The Consultant’s calculated Crop Water Requirement (CWR) using the CROPWAT Software, has determined the required field application for the 12 and 24- hour schedule. These are:  for a 12-hour irrigation schedule – 3.16 l/s/ha;  for a 24-hour irrigation schedule – 1.58 l/s/ha. From the determination of the KIS cropping pattern CWR, a technical assessment of the required KIS Peak Water/Irrigation Demand was calculated for both a continuous flow application to users and a system of irrigation rotation based on the SM&P designed rotation scheme. The rotation scheme is the sound method of actual field application of water demand on the basis of an 8-day rotation, with an application of 12-hours in Section A and 24-hours in Section- B. The Peak Demand at the Intake to the MC from the Kpong Dam Reservoir is as follows:  1st 12-hour schedule = 6.87 m3/s  2nd 12-hour schedule = 6.95 m3/s The GEL pumping can be increased to 2.1 m3/s. The safety margin remaining flow available for allocation is 0.02 m3/s; available for 24 hours each day. On the basis of the technical assessment of the required KIS Peak Water Demand, a total additional area of out-of-command area of 168 ha can be irrigated. Specifically, by Drip Irrigation & for Vegetables or Fruit Trees. 3.3.8 Equipment and Machinery Numbers / Effectiveness Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 52 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA A lot of the agricultural field activities for paddy rice cultivation and harvesting are still done by manual labour. The main agricultural machinery operations are those required for land preparation and for harvesting. And yet, these activities within the KIS farm area are nearly all manually undertaken. GIDA Assets The Cultivation Machinery owned by GIDA is listed in Table 3-7. Table 3-7: List of Cultivation Machinery owned by GIDA No. Type Condition 1 New Holland tractor TM 135 Serviceable 2 New Holland tractor 140-90 Unserviceable 3 New Holland tractor 80-66s 1 serviceable, 1 under repairs 4 Landini tractor Under repairs 5 SAME tractor 1 serviceable, 1 under repairs 6 Rotavator implement Serviceable 7 Disc plough Serviceable 8 Chisel plough Serviceable 9 Disc harrow (light) Serviceable 10 Disc harrow (heavy) Serviceable 11 Rhome harrow Unserviceable 12 Lowbed trailer Serviceable Source: BRL, 2016 Harvesting Machinery (in custody from Ministry of Food & Agriculture); listed Table 3-8. Table 3-8: List of harvesting machinery No. Type Condition 1 Kukje (DKC685) Unserviceable 2 Foton DC 2000 Unserviceable 3 KT-09 Under repairs Source: BRL, 2016 Farmers’ Assets Land Preparation Machinery The most common piece of machinery equipment used by the farmers for land preparation is the Power Tiller. Very few farmers own a Power Tiller. Data from the agricultural survey (Figure 3-7), suggests that only 10% of the farmers have their own Power Tiller. It means that 10 farmers use one Power Tiller on average. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 53 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Figure 3-7: Ownership and utilization of land preparation machinery (BRL, 2016) Power Tiller machinery equipment are well suited and adapted for the land preparation within KIS and are far more suited to the KIS field size than tractors. With field areas of between 0.4 ha to 0.8 ha it is difficult to plough with a tractor and is far easier with a Power Tiller. From the agricultural survey data and information on Power Tillers discussed above, the Consultant estimated that there are approximately 200 Power Tillers within the KIS area and available. The Additional Power Tillers are needed within KIS to meet the demand of land preparation, i.e. to complete the planting operation within the 30 days and maintain the cropping plan for the field operations of land cultivation and planting. Rice Seedling Planting Equipment: From the collected data under the agricultural survey and with discussions and further reviews of machinery input suppliers and machinery centres in Ghana, there are only a very small number of rice planters (for transplanting seedlings) in Ghana. The majority of KIS farmers plant manually and generally by broadcasting seed or in some cases manually transplanting seedlings farmers. This impacts on field uniformity and ultimately crop yield. If the KIS farmers continue to broadcast seed as their preferred method of planting rice, then increased yields are not likely to be achieved; transplanting seedlings is far superior in yield attainment. For increased yield, seedling beds and transplanting is a required good farm practice. Rice Harvesting Machinery: There are very few combine harvesters in the KIS area. Those that are available are old and not well maintained because of the poor and difficult access to obtaining spare parts. The Consultant estimates that less than ten combine harvesters are serviceable within the KIS area. The data in Figure 3-8 from the agricultural survey presents the “farmer use” of combine harvesters. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 54 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Figure 3-8: Ownership and utilization of rice harvesting machinery (BRL, 2016) The majority of the farmers do their harvesting manually through gangs of harvesters and community labour. If the farmers have a choice they would prefer to hire a combine harvester rather than use hired labour because it is quicker and cheaper and it is becoming more and more difficult to find sufficient numbers of workers for the harvesting period of KIS. Finding a source of labour becomes far more difficult under a cropping plan when the time for harvesting should be confined to a set 30 or 40 days because of the need to get ready for the second crop. A reason why cropping patterns/ plans fail to be applied by the farmers. Labour for manual harvesting has been reported within various technical journals as being between 30 and 40 persons per ha per day; including reaping, threshing, drying and bagging (IRRI). Although another reference source stated 160 man-hours per ha; i.e. a workforce of 20 per ha per day. It is therefore understandable as to why the KIS farmers cannot maintain their rice production activities within a planned cropping pattern if there are a limited number of old and poor combine harvesters and the high numbers of labour needed per hectare for manual harvesting. 3.3.9 Cropping Pattern and Irrigation Scheduling To maintain the cropping pattern/plan (calendar) and to ensure that the irrigation schedule is able to be managed within lateral blocks and between blocks, the schedule of rotation must rely on gates being opened and closed and water delivered as per the water requirements of the whole block. Under a rotation system a farmer/irrigator receives his 8-day allocation in 12 or 24 hours and then his intake gates are closed and the water is delivered to another irrigation block or command area. Without a set cropping pattern, i.e. at its worst – one farmer land preparation and planting and one farmer harvesting at times when the “water supply (irrigation) is turned off for the “drying out” period, then water management cannot be strictly controlled. Farmers within a block must be all on the same CROPPING PLAN – same date of land preparation and planting within “possibly” one or two days’ difference. Similarly, with harvesting. For the Cropping Calendar (Pattern/Plan) to be respected and ultimately not fail, either of the following must be provided: Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 55 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Land Preparation: 300 to 380 Power Tillers must be available (owned or leased) Planting (Transplanting): Manual: A workforce of between 2,100 and 2,700 persons (every day for 20 to 26 days) OR Machine: 37 to 49 Rice Transplanting Planters Harvesting: Manual: A workforce of 2,460 persons (every day for 26 days) OR Machine: 22 Combine Harvesters – or more The above are substantial numbers and they defy possibilities of availability. Without acknowledging the above concerns of numbers and availability, the KIS rehabilitation of the infrastructure can be successfully completed. However, the expected future effective and efficient management of the water may not succeed, with a likely return to the current state of management. 3.4 Scheme Management The KIS is presently managed by GIDA and has commissioned KIS staff to operate the scheme in conjunction with Osudoku Agricultural Co-operative Society (OACS) as shown in Figure 3-9. The OACS liaise with KIS management staff on the operations such as water distribution, farming machinery etc. for the various sections within the irrigation scheme. The society was formed based on LI 1350 which requires the formation of cooperatives for the irrigation schemes. The LI 1350 requires every farmer to be a member of the cooperative. Land is leased to farmers as tenants and governed by the GIDA and cooperative bye-laws. The cooperatives members are arranged along the laterals or blocks. There are 17 different groups under OACS, each group is made up of farmers along the 17 branch canals. There are 5 executive members for each group. These members elect members to form the apex OACS body. Currently, the branch canals have semi- autonomy and is managed by OACS. There are about 3,000 farmers on the scheme. The available irrigable land is 2, 500 ha. Distribution of the land varies from 0.5h ha to 1.5 ha per farmer. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 56 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Figure 3-9 : Relationship between water management Organization and Canal System (KIS, 2015) 3.5 Compliance of the Current Scheme with Environmental and Social Safeguards SAL Consult Limited, as part of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the proposed rehabilitation and modernization of the KIS, conducted an environmental audit of the irrigation scheme between July and September 2016. The aim of the audit was to assess the environmental challenges of the existing scheme and compliance to environmental and social safeguards. 3.5.1 Waste management Crop Residue Crop residue (field and process residue) are produced from the harvesting and post-harvesting activities in the KIS. Field residue made up of mainly stalks, stubble (stems), leaves and roots are left in the field after harvesting as shown in Plate 3-1 below. Processed residue mainly husks, seeds, bran and roots are generated after processing the rice into a usable resource. These are usually burned by farmers. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 57 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Plate 3-1: Processed rice residue at the rice mill Agrochemical Containers The farmers have been informed to bury or burn the agrochemical containers as means of disposal. Most farmers however leave the containers in the field after using them as shown in plate 3-2. These are left behind on the farms, partially due to the fact that there is no returning point for the containers within the scheme. Other Waste Wastewater from the farms is drained through the main drain. Other waste materials generated from the KIS include garbage (food wrappers, water sachets, paper etc.) used by farmers when they come to the field. The waste generated is mostly left on the field as shown in Plate 3-2 below or gathered and sent back home to be disposed off. Plate 3-2: Garbage at some sites of the KIS Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 58 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 3.5.2 Soil Management Farmers usually resort to the use of inorganic fertilizers to replenish soil nutrients. Crop residues left on cultivated fields after harvesting provide cover over the soil and helps check erosion and conserve soil moisture. Cattle commonly graze in the project area, including the cultivated areas in between cropping seasons, leaving their droppings on the land. The erosion of loose soil on the banks of tertiary and secondary earth canals also contribute to erosion within the scheme. 3.5.3 Water Quality Management Downstream users mostly rely on water from the drainage lagoons for use. References from users downstream of the project suggest that the quality of drainage water has worsened, although no data is available. This is as a result of the residue of fertilizers and pesticides (herbicides) that end up in drainage waters affecting the quality of the water which is the only available source of water. This study conducted an analysis of the downstream water quality which is presented in section 4.1.4. The turbidity, colour, total coliforms and fecal coliforms exceeded the WHO guidelines for potable water. As a mitigation measure, the rehabilitation works of KIS will include provision of toilet facilities for some selected communities within the scheme area to reduce open defecation. A recommendation is also made for GCAP/GIDA to engage the District Assembly to provide potable water for project communities. 3.5.4 Health and Safety Water Management and drainage The drains and canals open and are not regularly maintained. This has resulted in most sections becoming silted and fully overgrown with aquatic weeds as shown in Plate 3-3. Most parts of the drains of the existing earth canal system have lost their cross-sectional shape and functionality e.g. spillways and drainage lagoons. The drains are silted and overgrown with weeds and hence their function of holding and channeling waste water from the sites is compromised. The stagnant conditions created by the proliferation of aquatic weeds may also provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes and facilitate the spread malaria and disease vectors. Plate 3-3 One of the Drainage canals at the KIS Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 59 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Agrochemical Application Agrochemicals are commonly used by farmers at the project site. This includes the use of weedicides, pesticides and inorganic fertilizers. Common agrochemicals used are roundup for weed control and fertilizers such as Urea and the NPKs to boost crop productivity. Weedicides and pesticides are usually applied by the farmers or by hired persons using knap sack sprayers. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usually used during spraying are wellington boots and long sleeve shirts and trousers to cover the body. Nose masks are rarely used. Granulated fertilizers are usually applied by the farmers themselves and their families, mostly without the use of hand gloves. Farmers have received some training on safe practices for agrochemical use through MoFA Extension Officers and some of the NGOs in the area. Training, is however not structured or systematic. The farmers provided the following reasons for not using the protective apparel during stakeholder consultations held with them:  general reluctance to invest in the PPEs; and  most input sellers do not have any PPEs in stock due to the low demand for them. The few that have them, sell inferior quality goods which get damaged after a few months of use. 3.5.5 Sanitation Potable Water Supply There is no source of drinking water in the field hence the farmers carry drinking water from their homes to their farms Sanitation facilities There are no places of convenience provided in the fields. Farmers are therefore compelled to occasionally defecate in the fields. This could be a source of faeco-orally transmitted diseases. 3.5.6 Compliance with Statutory Requirements Environmental Permit/Certificate This ESIA is aimed at obtaining a permit for the proposed rehabilitation and modernization of the scheme. Fire Permit After rehabilitation and modernization of the KIS, fire permits will be acquired for the operations of the scheme. Annual Environmental Reporting Annual environmental report documenting resource utilization, waste generation and management measures, occupational health and safety issues and measures taken, as well as major environmental challenges and planned activities from all operations of the KIS is yet to be submitted to the EPA. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 60 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Environmental Monitoring Returns Environmental quality assessments have been carried out for some activities that are carried out within the scheme, however there is no regular monitoring in place at the KIS. The challenges of the existing scheme, including those discussed above, have been identified by the feasibility studies conducted by the Project Design Consultant (BRL Inginierie Limited). Design and management measures have been incorporated into the project to address these challenges and ensure the success and sustainability of the scheme. Mitigation and management measures have also been proposed in this ESIA report to address the environmental and social challenges and ensure compliance of the scheme to environmental and social safeguards 3.6 The Main Components of Rehabilitation and Modernization of the Irrigation Scheme The Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) needs rehabilitation of its irrigation and drainage (I&D) infrastructure as deterioration of infrastructure has decreased the hydraulic efficiency of the scheme. The rehabilitation will include both the repair and/or replacement of all infrastructure, that is assessed as needing repair or replacement as determined from the Engineering Consultant’s Technical Assessment and reporting on the I&D infrastructure. In addition to rehabilitation, the assessment also investigated the “Modernisation” of the KIS through instrumentation for the automatic operation of the KIS control gates and for the automatic measurement of canal flows. In terms of scheme modernisation, if left to a manually operated scheme, one of the major improvements is for the installation of an improved control gate which enables proper and controlled water levels within the Main Canal of Section A and the Branch canals of Section B. The Branch Canals of Section A have their water levels controlled by existing Duckbill Weirs. The proposed rehabilitation and modernization will comprise of the following:  rehabilitation of Intake gate in Kpong reservoir;  rehabilitation of main canal using the concrete filled Geocell Lining;  replacement of the flat sliding gates on the Main Canal at the inlet to the six (6) Siphons on the MC with automatic gates, Weir/Flume Gates;  the MC off-take gates of the M0 to M9 Lateral Canals will be equipped with ultrasonic piped flowmeter for flow measurement;  installation of Automatic gates at the outlet gate of the NSRs because the reservoirs operate on a 24-hour basis for refilling with the Branch Canal off-taking from the NSR (Section A) operating on a 12-hour basis;  automatic operation will be also provided where discharge shall be controlled for billing; Section A (inlets to Kpong Farms, AK/C1, WSC and AK/C6) and Section B (inlets to Distributary Y and Distributary Z);  turnouts to Lateral Blocks using existing Neyrtec Baffle Module Gate (Section A and Distributary Y and Distributary Z) or Gated Piped Regulators (WSC, and NLLC and SLLC command areas). These types of outlets ensure an almost constant flow when upstream water level varies within a small range, and locking them to a selected design or required discharge is possible. Only damaged and undersized will be repaired and/or replaced. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 61 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA  rehabilitation of lateral blocks with Semi-Californian System. With this system, the Lateral Canal and the Sub-lateral Canals are replaced with buried pipes;  rehabilitation of Branch canals using the concrete filled Geocell Lining;  refurbishing of Relift pumping station;  rehabilitation of drainage system and infield road; and  installation of automation system. A summary of the technical assessment of the infrastructure with respect to their current condition and the more information on the proposed rehabilitation/ modernisation has been presented in this section with respect to the  I&D infrastructure;  Farm Operation and Agricultural practices, and;  Scheme Management. 3.6.1 Rehabilitation and Modernisation of Scheme I&D infrastructure The outcome of technical assessment of the identified challenges from current conditions of the Scheme I&D infrastructure as well as the proposed remedial actions are summarized in Table 3- 9 with respect to the following: 1. Canals Cross Section; 2. Main Canal Structures; 3. Branch Canal Structures; 4. Lateral Canals; 5. Drains; 6. Access Roads; 7. Night Storage Reservoirs; 8. Other Infrastructure: a. Cattle Watering Points on MC; b. Night Storage Reservoir (NSR RA1-4); c. Relift Pump and Pumping Stations. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 62 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 3-9: Proposed Rehabilitation works for irrigation and drainage infrastructure Irrigation Challenges Identified Proposed Rehabilitation/ Modernisation Action Infrastructure Canals Cross Section Heavy vegetation growth in the LHS of the MC Vegetation will be cleared on the banks and working area (57.4ha) by means (predominately thick savannah grasses with shrubs and of excavator and bulldozer machinery prior to earthworks. Poor soil on the small trees dispersed amongst the grassed area) and RHS bed and banks will be excavated to 30 cm depth and compacted fill material MC bank area (heavy vegetation and forest to jungle provided; conditions); Excavate and shape main canal cross-section to dimensions to accommodate More than 60% (approximately 10 km of canal) of the length Hyson Cells Geocell (or equivalent Geocell of same specifications) for Partial of the entire MC cross-section requires the removal of Concrete Lining at identified locations; floating aquatic weed on the surface of the water and Rehabilitation of main canal using concrete filled Geocell lining; rooted aquatic weed and grasses along the internal MC bank There is the need to strengthen all weak/slumped canal cross-sections; slope Main Canal slopes and impinging into the centre of the canal cross- and bed, to a structural density to allow for the shape to support the earthen section; cross-section with the concrete lining applied. The internal slopes of the MC canal embankments have The MC cross-section will have the same bed width and longitudinal bed slumped and are heavily silted; slope, however the slope of the canal embankment will be 1:5:1 instead of 2. The entry of cattle into the MC has destroyed the canal This is to give a more optimize hydraulic shape banks, in particular the RHS MC bank at various sections along the canal between the intake and the Akuse Bridge and downstream of the Akuse Bridge for several kilometres at various locations. The canals are full of aquatic weed and grass which are Clearing vegetation, grass, trees, shrubs – from embankments and any or all blocking efficient flows in the canal and reducing actual catchment drain alignments – (57.83 ha). canal cross-section and thus reducing effective hydraulic Stripping, excavation for cleaning cross-section of rubbish earth, and Branch Canals operation of the canal. Additionally, the canal banks have compaction – structure of cross-section, shaping and embankment slumped and so the canal’s effective hydraulic shape is now construction (41.31 km). misshaped and so both velocity and discharge are impacted The outlet from the Intake Gate to the canals requires reshaping and stone as is the effective operational canal water level pitching to protect against erosion. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 63 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Irrigation Challenges Identified Proposed Rehabilitation/ Modernisation Action Infrastructure There are sections on the Branch Canals where poor Construct Maintenance / Inspection Roads on Embankment -for future O&M construction material has led to canal leakage or canal works – (excavate/strip, places sub-base and place surface material); (equal collapse volume of sub-base and surface material) – (41.31 km) – 3 m wide by 150 mm thick each layer. Placing imported soil fill, compacting, and shaping of the canal cross-section. Concrete lining of the total length of branch canals(6.7km) in section A, B and C. i.e. section A 2,260m, Section B 4,222m and Section C 220m respectively. Concrete cells will be pumped into Geocell material – concrete filled cells of the concrete material; Concrete lining – procure and place Hyson Cells Geocell (or an equivalent Geocell of the same or similar specifications) – (41.31 km). Install a sliding gate on the hole at each damaged Duckbill weir. The Maintenance / Inspection Roads on MC and BC do not Maintenance / Inspection Roads (34.55km) need to be constructed with exist approved road subbase (200 to 250 mm depth) and approved road surfacing material (150 mm depth) Section A Add a 5 m wide 150 mm deep approved road surface material gravel to some 17 km of the Main Access Road running parallel to the MC from the Kpong Maintenance / Dam Intake Gate to the SLLC / NLLC junction – the Accra / Asutsuare Gravel Inspection Roads on Road. MC and BC Section B SLLC Main Access Road – 5.3 km in length – with the last 3.1 km in length to be rehabilitated and upgraded by the placement of an approved road surface material, compacted – 5 m wide and 150 mm depth for a length of 3.1 km. Link Access Road between SLLC and NLLC – 0.933 km – with the addition of 4 m wide 150 mm compacted approved road surface material. Link Access Road between Distributary Y and Distributary Z Canals – 1.357 km with the Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 64 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Irrigation Challenges Identified Proposed Rehabilitation/ Modernisation Action Infrastructure placement of compacted approved road surface material – 4 m wide by 150 mm depth. Main Canal Structures Cross-Regulators Generally, needs refurbishment in the form of rustproofing Refurbish the existing structures and ensure continued operation if the and painting. KIS does not currently operate the Cross- scheme remains manual Regulators If automation – replace with automatic set-up. Moveable Weir Head Generally needs minor refurbishment Refurbishment of existing structures Regulators to NSRs Moveable Weir Head Generally needs minor refurbishment Refurbish if rehabilitate. Regulators to Branch If automation – replace with automatic setup. Canals: All other structures Generally need minor refurbishment All other structures to be refurbished Branch Canal Structures NSR Sluice Head For rehabilitation, only refurbishment of existing facilities is required. Regulator Outlet Gate Generally, in good condition. Minor refurbishment required If automation, replace Intake Gates from NSR to BC with automatic setup for / BC Intake Gate: water level control. For rehabilitation, only refurbishment of existing facilities is required. Generally need refurbishment in the form of rustproofing Cross Regulators: If automation, replace Intake Gates from NSR to BC with automatic setup for and painting water level control: Duckbill Weirs and Structure is overgrown with vegetation and siltation is All to be either refurbished or replaced Escape Structures: becoming a problem in the upper section of the weir Lateral Canal Off-take Lateral Canal Off-take Gate Structures require protection Structures (Nyrtec from erosion and strengthening of the connection between Refurbish structure Module Gates & the structure and the canal cross-section banks with the Refurbish or replace gates. Gated Pipe application of mortared stone pitching Regulators: Lateral Canals Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 65 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Irrigation Challenges Identified Proposed Rehabilitation/ Modernisation Action Infrastructure For rehabilitation of same system; clearing of the weeds on the banks, removal of aquatic weeds from within the laterals, The laterals are heavily silted and overgrown with aquatic desilting and reshaping of the lateral cross-sections. weeds and general grass and small shrubs in the lateral and Lateral Canals For those sub-laterals where alignments and cross-sections are not able to on the banks. The side slopes have slumped and the cross- be visually located, then it is necessary to do a complete reconstruction. section of the laterals are not as per the hydraulic design. Upgrading all lateral and sub-lateral canals with PVC / HDPE / Concrete piped laterals with gated (gate valve of butterfly valve)for water delivery to fields (153,000 km, 140 mm to 500 mm diam.) All of them are to be replaced or refurbished, and in many cases some Most structures are badly damaged and needs to be additional structures like check structures are needed. Lateral Canal demolished and reconstructed If design consultant’s recommendation to upgrade to piped system is Structures Inlets and outlets are blocked by silt and weeds and this approved; all structures are to be removed apart from culvert crossings of needs to be cleared drains. Drains Main Drain Section A.B and C Clearing of vegetation on the ROW – for road construction (40.82 ha) Clearing & removal of vegetation, trees, shrubs, grass-mats, aquatic weeds, reeds from the internal section of the Grassed Spillways (36.43 km) All Grassed Spillways, Creeks, Main Drains and Lagoons are Clearing of vegetation will require specialist machinery such as s: very thickly clogged with thick grass, reeds and aquatic Main Drains (Grassed Mowing buckets from excavators for curing grass in the Grassed Spillways weeds, trees (medium & large, palm trees, forest trees, Spillways, Creeks and and around the lagoons and main drains, weed-mats. Lagoons): Floating Excavators, excavators on pontoons, Barges, Mowing & cutting The full length of the drain and lagoon system cannot boats (amphibious) for clearing of all major drains. effectively drain KIS runoff Grassed Spillways – Sections A & B Clearing of vegetation on the RoW – for road construction (19.4 ha). Clearing & removal of vegetation, trees, shrubs, grass-mats, aquatic weeds, reeds from the internal section of the Grassed Spillways (14.34 km). Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 66 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Irrigation Challenges Identified Proposed Rehabilitation/ Modernisation Action Infrastructure Removal of sediment, spoil and repair or reshaping of cross-sections – ultimate works – selection after removal of grass and other vegetation and selection of sites for works. Lagoons Clearing & removal of vegetation, trees, shrubs, grass-mats, aquatic weeds, reeds from the internal area of the Lagoons – per ha base. Removal of sediment, spoil – ultimate works – undertaken as part of the removal of vegetation – per ha base. Hectares estimated at some 120 ha / to / 200 ha – to be confirmed at construction. Section A: (i) Add a 5 m wide 150 mm deep approved road surface material gravel to some 17 km of the Main Access Road running parallel to the MC from the Kpong Dam Intake Gate to the SLLC / NLLC junction – the Accra / Asutsuare Gravel Road. Section B: Main Drain Inspection (i) SLLC Main Access Road – 5.3 km in length – with the last 3.1 km in length /Maintenance / Link Some in place and while others need to be constructed to be rehabilitated and upgraded by the placement of an approved road Roads: surface material, compacted – 5 m wide and 150 mm depth for a length of 3.1 km. (ii) Link Access Road between SLLC and NLLC – 0.933 km – with the addition of 4 m wide 150 mm compacted approved road surface material. (iii) Link Access Road between Distributary Y and Distributary Z Canals – 1.357 km with the placement of compacted approved road surface material – 4 m wide by 150 mm depth. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 67 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Irrigation Challenges Identified Proposed Rehabilitation/ Modernisation Action Infrastructure Most of the Branch Drains are heavily silted and overgrown Reshaping for full length of Branch drain to design dimensions. with excessive aquatic weeds with several having big and Clearing of vegetation from the edges of drains, excavation of the drains to Branch Drains small trees growing in them. design cross-section, shaping by use of excavator bucket, repairs of bank Clearing of weeds and cutting down of trees is required collapse, removal of all vegetation and slope as per design requirements prior to the commencement of the earthworks Section A = 111,930 m and Section B = 76,620 m. Most of the drains are heavily silted and overgrown with A total length of 37.82 km of infield drains will be Cleared of excess In-field Drains and excessive weeds. Some of the drains are completely filled vegetation, Desilted and reshaped for full length to drain design dimensions Catchment Drains with silt so the shape of the drain and its alignment is However, 54.27 km of the infield drains will undergo full rehabilitation with (Lateral and difficult to gauge excavation of silt, reshaping and clearing of all vegetation. Collector): Many lateral drains have not been constructed in Section B Construction of new lateral drains required (0.25km). area. Main, Branch and Most structures are badly damaged and needs to be All need to be refurbished or replaced Lateral Drain demolished and reconstructed Drain outlet and drain road crossings to be added Structures The remaining length of the Catchment Drain(s) Remove weeds and debris with a general cleaning up and reshaping to re- downstream of Siphon No. 2 is heavily silted and choked establish its hydraulic shape and bed slope. This can be done with a Grader with debris and vegetation growth including small shrubs Blade and carried out at the time of levelling and upgrading the Main Canal Akuse Main Canal to and large trees Primary Access Road. Toe and Catchment The catchment drain between the MC Intake and Siphon No. The trees need to be cleared by excavator and/or bulldozer if necessary Drains 2 is heavily eroded, mainly due to cattle entry into the drain following their lowering by the use of chainsaws if necessary. and heavy runoff from the upstream catchments. The drain then needs to be desilted by Grader and/or Excavator with the cross-section and bed slope to be reshaped and graded. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 68 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Irrigation Challenges Identified Proposed Rehabilitation/ Modernisation Action Infrastructure There will be an upgrade the Lukwe River cross-section and clearing of its alignment from the Nyapia Lagoon outfall to the Volta River. The surface water drainage system discharges into a series The lagoons will be cleared, desilted and reshaped, machinery to include of lagoons namely the Lupu, Klebwe, Kasu, and Nyapia. floating mowers and badges. Outfall discharges from the lagoons are inefficient owing to Clearing of the aquatic weed mats in the Lagoons. Machinery to include aquatic weed growth and lack of regular weed clearance. floating mowers and badges. Lupu-Klebwe Link Drain has vegetation growth – trees, grass Clearing &Removal of all vegetation, and then excavation and reshaping of and weed mats, within its cross-section and length hence the drains’ design cross-section. constricts flow Removal of all vegetation, and then excavation and reshaping of the drain’s Lagoon drainage Klebwe Outfall drain is blocked and has lost its shape design cross-section. External Drains from Kasu outfall drain is also blocked with vegetation and has Removal of sediment, spoil – ultimate works – undertaken as part of the lagoon and Outfall lost its original shape removal of vegetation – per ha base Drains The Lukwe River the outfall waterway for Section B drains Hectares estimated at some 120 ha / to / 200 ha – to be confirmed at and the Lupu, Klebwe and Kasu lagoons. The river’s whole construction. length is blocked with vegetation and has lost its original The bridges will to be reconstructed and provided with guard rails. design shape. The bridge (under DA jurisdiction) is in very bad condition. Reconstruction of Kasu embankment There is a need to upgrade the Lukwe River cross-section Clearing of all vegetation – 5 ha and Stripping – 3 km. and clear its alignment from the Nyapia Lagoon outfall to the Compacted fill on the embankment and refill to design height – 3 km. Volta River. Excavation for Road – 3 km. Placement of subbase and surface material – 2 layers by 150 mm depth and 4 m wide – 3 km in length. Access Roads The KIS Main Access Roads and Main Link Roads (400 km) Grading and surfacing with an approved road surface with a combined mix have been identified as in relatively good condition with the of stone or gravel chippings combined with a typical laterite on a 60% to 40% Main Access Roads & need for the placement of a general approved road mix ratio, respectively. Link Roads surfacing over the existing road base, compacting the Construction of 38.44 km inspection/ maintenance roads with approved material and grading Feeder Roads sub-base for agricultural roads of 200 mm thickness and Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 69 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Irrigation Challenges Identified Proposed Rehabilitation/ Modernisation Action Infrastructure Majority of the alignment lengths of the Main and Branch surfaced with 150 mm of a similar surface material as described for the above canals do not have any form of Maintenance / Inspection Main Access Road. The materials may be sought from nearby Quarries within Roads capable of bearing equipment such as trucks, graders Shai Hills area. The proposed inspection/maintenance road is within the and excavators. irrigation command area of the government acquired land but defunct at the moment. In section A, construction of in field roads (total length 21.06km) with some road sections only requiring the application of a 150 mm compacted approved surface material (chippings and laterite – 60% / 40%) and other sections (62.04 km) requiring a 200 mm compacted subbase and a 150 mm In-field lateral roads in Section A and Section B are not compacted surface material. In section B, 11.75 km total length of infield trafficable because they were constructed with the normal roads will be constructed with 150mm compacted approved surface material black swelling clay material and are now seriously damaged, whereas 34.24 km total length of sections of in field roads will require. 200 Lateral Roads rutted and destroyed hence. Farmers therefore deliver and mm compacted subbase and a 150 mm compacted surface material. transport goods and produce to their fields. Construction of 5.3 km lateral roads that were never constructed with In some section of Section B, the lateral roads were never placement of approved subbase surface material and an approved surface constructed. material. All lateral roads are within the government acquired land. Clearing, grading, stripping, excavation (if needed), placement of approved compacted base material and approved surface material of each layer of 3 m wide and 150 mm depth (Section A = 72,550 m and Section B = 40,708 m). Other Infrastructure Establish five (5) sites along the Main Canal as cattle watering points at the following locations: Water losses occurred as cattle herders paid little care to No. Location along the Akuse Main Canal Chainage Cattle Watering scheme infrastructure in their bid to find water sources for 1 Between Intake Gate and Siphon No. Ch 0+662 Points on MC the cattle, resulting in destruction of canals and laterals. 1 2 Downstream of Akuse Township Ch 2+627 Bridge Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 70 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Irrigation Challenges Identified Proposed Rehabilitation/ Modernisation Action Infrastructure 3 Between Siphon No. 2 and Siphon No. Ch 4+630 3 4 Between Siphon No. 3 and Siphon No. Ch 6+940 4 5 Near Siphon No. 6 Ch 12+615 Each site to be provided with four (4) reinforced concrete drinking troughs of 6 m length, 1 m width and 0.7 m depth, and a 50 mm diameter pipe from the canal placed at a point 0.25 m below the MC’s operational WL and the pipe leading to a 50 mm butterfly valve at the drinking trough. The water delivery will be controlled by the WL in the MC as the trough will be positioned such that when the WL elevation in the trough is equal to the WL elevation in the MC, then the water will stop flowing and so the trough is self-filling by gravity flow. Fencing of each watering point. Emptying of the Night Storage Reservoirs. Removal of vegetation and aquatic weeds from the inside banks of the The NSRs has well developed growth of aquatic weed and embankments and from the inner floor reaches close to the embankments. Night Storage grasses and reeds around its boundaries along the toe of the Removal of sediment – if prevalent or deposited Reservoir (NSR RA1-4) reservoir’s internal embankment and spreading across the Manual cutting of trees – etc. bed of the reservoir Construction of Maintenance and Inspection Roads on the embankments of the NSRs – excavation/stripping, sub-base and surface material. Water Collection / Washing Steps for the Provide water collection steps / washing steps at Ch 730 on the Main Canal. This is to avoid frequent damages to slopes of the MC. Adjacent The length required should be between 10-15m. Communities (1 off) This area of irrigated paddy is serviced by pumping with no Gated (drop-board) off-take pump sump to be constructed, similar to the Piped Off-take for recognisable off-take structure from the MC and abstracted pump sump offtake at Ch 1441 on the MC just downstream of the VRA Road Pumped water to a through a pipe or by direct pumping. Culvert. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 71 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Irrigation Challenges Identified Proposed Rehabilitation/ Modernisation Action Infrastructure 7.26 ha area of Kpong The 7.26 ha area starts just downstream of Siphon No. 1 and addition of a flow measurement device added into the structure so as to Farms the Irish Crossing for the Kpong Farm Main Drain and is allow for the automatic measurement of flow discharges to the 7.26 ha area located on the LHS bank of the MC and the area ends at the for the purpose of volumetric measurement and charging of the Irrigation VRA Road Culvert on the road to Kpong Dam. Service Charge (ISC) to the respective WUA. Dismantling existing pumps and pipework and electrics and sump support structure. Procure and Install – 4 x Axial / Propeller Pumps – 0.7 m3/s per pump at 14 m head – 400 V. Suction & Discharge Fittings – 600 mm, 10 bar. Re-lift Pump Station Surge Tank (1,500 mm ø) & Fittings – 27 m height and accessory fittings; (to Section C) Ultrasonic Flowmeter (1,200 mm ø) and fittings – procure and install; Pump Sump Works, concrete works, galvanised trash racks All electrics – panels & works and protection devices – instrumentation. Concrete delivery pipeline 1,200 mm ø, 550 m. Steel pipe connection between old and new pipeline for fitting connection. Excavation & backfill. Concrete surround – and connection to HLC inlet sump. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 72 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 3.6.2 Management of Excess Construction Material and Unused Excavated Soils Source and Transport A variety of quarried and excavated materials, such as bedding materials, rock, sand, gravel and till will be sourced off-site for construction work. There are a few quarries about 33.50 km from the KIS which can provide some of the above-mentioned off-site construction materials. These include Greenstone Quarry, Zina Quarry, Twin Rock Quarry, among others. Materials will be transported using the appropriate transport vehicles i.e. Tipper trucks, concrete/cement mixing trucks etc. Aggregates and stones will have to be covered with tarpaulin during storage to reduce environmental effects and also prevent any incidences. Concrete may be sourced off site and the needed quantities brought on site daily or it could be mixed on site based on the contractor’s recommendations. It is expected that about 372,515 m3 of materials will be required for construction of roads (subbase plus surface material (200 mm/150 mm)) and as compacted fill material for the canals. Additionally, about 28,983 m3 of concrete will be required for the concrete filled geocell membrane in the canals and laterals. It is expected that about 352,470 m 3 of spoil will be generated form the excavation of canals, drains and night storage reservoirs and lagoons. Additionally, 394 ha of vegetation will be cleared, thus vegetative waste (branches, tree tops, bark, foliage, stumps, roots, undersized trees, rotten and broken trees, waterborne woody debris and ground vegetation) will be generated from clearing and excavation work. Waste materials, including but not restricted to refuse, garbage, sanitary wastes, industrial wastes and oil and other petroleum products, shall be disposed of by the Contractor. Disposal of waste vegetative material shall be by burying, where burial of such materials is approved by the Engineer, or by removal from the construction area. The contractor will provide a Waste Management Plan to be approved by the engineering consultant. Excavated material will foremost be reused for backfilling of roads, canals, trenches and embankments, as well as earth fills for roads within the scheme area based on the engineering consultant’s recommendations. The contractor may establish borrow pits on site for materials with approval from the engineering consultant. Any unused excavated material will be used in backfilling the borrow pits. Where the contractor does not create any borrow pits, the unused material will be disposed at existing but abandoned burrow pits from previous construction works within Asutsuare and Akuse area. Such locations shall be determined by the contractor with approval from the engineering consultant and SODA. Disposal of construction waste shall comply with local and international regulations and also project management requirements. All solvent waste, oily rags and flammable liquids shall be kept with fire resistant covered containers until removed from the worksite. Construction of Work Camp and Yards The contractor will be required to provide a layout and locations for construction camps and yards with approval from the Engineering Consultant. All work camps and yards will be located within the government acquired land covered by the EPA Permit for the KIS rehabilitation and modernisation works. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 73 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA The camp will include workers’ accommodation, portable water facilities, and kitchen, clinic and sanitation facilities. The yard will include fuel storage area, cement warehouse, concrete batching plant, parking area for machinery, general workshop, maintenance workshop, areas for storing chippings and sanitation facilities. The contractor will be required to comply with the requirements for operating construction camps such as those of the Ghana Factories Inspectorate Division and international standards such as the IFC and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) Processes and Standards for Workers’ Accommodation, and the International Labour Organisation’s Workers Accommodation recommendations. These standards provide guidelines on the following:  general living facilities;  national/local standards;  room/dormitory facilities;  sanitary and toilet facilities;  canteen, cooking and laundry facilities;  standards for nutrition and food safety;  medical facilities; and  leisure, social and telecommunication facilities. The contractor will also be required to comply with national labour laws and provide adequate measures at the yards to ensure health and safety, and prevent environmental contamination/pollution. To ensure compliance with the above, all bidders will be required to submit a code of conduct for workers and management strategy for environmental, social, health and safety compliance. GCAP and the Engineering consultant will establish clear rules to ensure safe and harassment-free camp and work environments. 3.6.3 Proposed Farm Operations and Agricultural Management Proposed Cropping Patterns The entire area covered by the design surveys is currently cropped to rice and since rice has a higher return on investment than other field crops, it makes sense to continue growing the crop in the area. The soil assessment by BRL Ingénierie has shown that most of the soils in KIS can be grown to other crops and that the cropping pattern can be diversified from only rice. That is other crops such as maize, vegetables (tomatoes, peppers, cucurbits, okra, onions and other, and fruit trees can be included within the KIS cropping plan. Diversification for the purpose of change and soil husbandry and improved farmer income. Following the rehabilitation of the KIS infrastructure, the KIS Scheme Management Entity will be able to manage the water delivery in the scheme to allow farmers to diversify their crop selection but within a KIS managed cropping plan and pattern that allows both timely cultivation and harvesting of all crops under the cropping plan. Crop diversification, as was mentioned above, can and does include the cropping of vegetables. Vegetables are high value crops in terms of “farm income returns” and the planting of vegetables is a means to increase farm profitability and scheme viability. Fruit trees can be part of a Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 74 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA diversification but these are more a permanent cultivation rather than a part of a yearly planned cropping pattern. All the soils are relatively suited to the cropping of rice, vegetables and maize but agricultural practices need to vary between soil types for the same crops. The light textured Amo and Hake series near Dofor, Kotoko and Dzogbedi are however more suitable for vegetables (high value crop), oil palm and maize. The AMU + TEFLE Series is suited for fruit trees; mangoes and oil palm. All the soils are low in the three major plant nutrients N, P and K with P and N as the most limiting. For irrigated rice with a yield expectation of 5 t/ha, N application of ≥90 kg is required. About 60 kg/ha of P2O5 and K2O are required to sustain yield of 4-6 t/ha. The minor (dry) season is more suitable for horticulture (vegetable mainly) production. The major (wet) season can therefore be planned as the main season for rice cultivation (100% of the KIS command area with rice) and the crop diversification with maize and/or vegetables can be introduced during the minor (dry) season (70% rice and 30% is a possible sample diversification). Milling, Drying Floors and Warehousing The main drying floors are owned by KIS and Abians. The turn-around and turn-over of drying times on these drying floors is very important so that a maximum of farmers can dry their own paddy production. The major part of a farmer’s production is sold on the market in paddy or directly to the mills. As this rice is to be processed by the rice mills, the design Consultant has recommended that the drying capacity of the mills (or each mill) be improved with the addition of electric powered dryers rather than increase the number of drying floors, thus increasing and extending surface area, within the scheme where available space is limited. Machinery and Equipment A. Land Preparation Machinery: Power tiller machinery equipment are well suited and adapted for the land preparation within KIS and are far more suited to the KIS field size than tractors. With field areas of between 0.4 ha to 0.8 ha it is difficult to plough with a tractor and is far easier with a power tiller. Consultant recommends that the power tiller be maintained as the main type of machinery equipment for land preparation. The number required needs to be considered within the number of days allocated under the cropping plan for the field operations of land cultivation and planting to be completed. From the estimate of 200 power tillers being available in the KIS area, these 200 power tillers will take 27 days to complete the cultivation of the total area of 2,125 ha (seasonally). This leaves little time to complete the planting operation within the 30 days, assuming that the land preparation of the first 80 hectares is actually completed within the first 3 days; i.e. 200 power tillers need to do 78 to 80 ha per day. This calculation however, underestimates the real number of days available for the equipment to operate. The calculation does not take into account; that all the power tillers are not capable Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 75 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA of working 8 hours per day for 30 days and that a considered “deduction” has to be i ncluded for downtime; servicing, breakdowns and time off (Sundays). The ideal duration for the land preparation within KIS, under a cropping pattern, should be between 15 to 20 days. This is necessary as time is needed to plant (transplant – for better yields). The Consultant has therefore estimated that a total of around 360 power tillers are required (for 15 days) of input and 270 power tillers are required (for 20 days) of input. Ideally an area number of power tillers to cater for the KIS area would be between 300 and 380, thus allowing for the unforeseen logistical problems that are more than likely to occur over such a large area of planting operations. It is not as if the power tillers would not find on-going work in other areas of rice cropping. Additional power tillers are needed within KIS to meet the demand of land preparation. If the KIS farmers have expectations for increased yields of around 7 t/ha, then a cropping pattern must be used so as to secure water and for farmers to remain within the cropping pattern planned 30 days for land preparation and planting, then access to available land preparation machinery and equipment is a priority. Failure to maintain the cropping pattern plan and the crop diversification if it progresses, is a surety; managed blocks (agriculturally and water allocations) are impossible to maintain and so water management fails. B. Rice Seedling Planting Equipment In addition to the need for the power tiller or other machinery/ equipment for land preparation, there is the added need to also have rice planting machinery (see Figure 3-10 below) in the area to be able to complete both the land preparation activity and the planting activity within a 30- day period; the 30-day period being the allotted number of days under the KIS cropping plan in which both land preparation and planting must be completed. Figure 3-10: Rice Transplanting Machine (BRL, 2016) The labour requirements for the transplanting of seedlings is stated by IRRI as 25 to 30 persons per ha per day to establish one hectare of transplanted rice. Although other IRRI references have quoted 0.07 ha per day; i.e. 14 persons per day for one hectare. Assuming workforce of 25 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 76 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA persons per day per hectare is required; a total of 2,650 workers will be required each day for 20 days (or 2,046 workers will be required each day for 30 days) to meet the cropping pattern. On the basis of labour alone being the reason, there is a definite need for the KIS area to adopt the use of mechanical transplanting machinery, and the need for machinery suppliers, if farmers accept change, to provide the necessary machinery. Depending on a planting machine’s daily capacity, the KIS would be adequately served by having available to the farmers, trans-planter machinery numbers of between 45 and 55; allowing for unforeseen logistical, breakdown and days’ rest “problems: occurring. Without the labour workforce and without the planting machinery numbers, maintaining the KIS cropping pattern cannot be done and so water management in terms of rotation amongst lateral blocks and within lateral blocks is not possible. Because of this, water management fails and crop yields, those that should be attainable within the KIS, 7 t/ha on average, will not be realised. C. Rice Harvesting Machinery: The Consultant considers that the area needs access to an increased number of harvesting machines as well as new modern machines. The activities listed for harvesting by IRRI are:  Main Activities of Manual Harvesting: o Cutting: cutting the mature panicles and straw above-ground; o Threshing: separating the paddy grain from the rest of the cut crop; o Cleaning: removing immature, unfilled and non-grain materials.  Other harvesting operations: o Field drying: (optional) leaving the cut crop in the field and exposing it to the sun for drying; o Hauling: moving the cut crop to the threshing location; o Stacking / Piling: (optional) temporarily storing the harvested crop in stacks or piles; o Bagging: bagging the threshed grain for transport and storage. For 2,125 ha to be harvested in 26 days, that is 82 ha per day, through manual harvesting by a workforce requirement of 30 persons per hectare, the total workforce required is 2,460. This is a substantial number and is similar in number to the requirements for planting. By the volume of production within the KIS in order to maintain a planned cropping pattern, there is the need for modern combine harvesters such as the Claas Crop Tiger 30, shown in Figure 3-11. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 77 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Figure 3-11: Rice Combine Harvester (BRL, 2016) A ‘small’ combine harvester of around 50 hp can do around 200 ha/year (example a Claas Crop Tiger 30). So, for double cropping of rice in KIS, a total of approximately 4,250 ha to be harvested, then it is estimated that approximately 22 combine harvesters of this type will be needed to be available within the KIS area. 3.6.4 Scheme Management The project proposes to set up an efficient scheme management with an effective scheme management structure. The scheme will be managed by the Scheme Management Entity (SME) and the formation of a Water Users Association (WUA). The Supervising Authority (SA) responsible for the WUA formation and development will be GIDA. GIDA will undertake its tasks according to the WUA Regulations (LI 2230) and provide regular support on matters of administration, accounting and general management as well as audits to ensure that the WUA is doing its duty. Each WUA will have sub committees (i.e. management, dispute committee, etc.) for effective management of activities and accountability. This will ensure the long term sustainability of the irrigation scheme and subsequently the GCAP investment. Following a needs assessment study and follow up discussions with GCAP, GIDA, KIS management and farmer beneficiaries, a private sector company has been proposed as the Scheme Management Entity, responsible for the Management Operation and Maintenance (MOM) of the KIS main canal system whereas the Water Users Associations (WUAs) would be responsible for the MOM of the branch and lateral canal command area infrastructure. The private sector company, selected as the SME, would enter a contractual arrangement with the Supervisory Authority (GIDA) while the WUA would be the Clients of the SME and each WUA would enter a contractual arrangement with the SME for the delivery of water to their intake canal gate. The farmer/irrigation beneficiaries, have been established as WUA. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 78 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA A WUA will consist of 15 or more farmers drawn from one or more adjacent blocks in the scheme, depending upon field sizes and land allocations. Each WUA will be responsible for the operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage infrastructure within its area in the scheme. To discharge this function, the association will collect Irrigation Service Charges (ISC) from its members. WUAs will be further organised into larger bodies known as Federations. Federations will operate and maintain all main and secondary canals and ensure upkeep of all major drains within the project area. These functions will be financed by collecting appropriate fees from member WUAs. The private sector company, selected as the Scheme Management Entity (SME), will mainly function to ensure implementation of GIDA policies on the scheme. The Scheme Management Entity will report to the Scheme’s Stakeholder Governing Board (SGB), a platform comprising of representatives from MoFA, GIDA, District Assembly, Traditional Authorities, and Federation of WUAs. An organogram to illustrate the structure of the scheme management has been provided in Figure 3-12 below. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 79 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Supervising Authority - GIDA Optional Structure Optional Structure is not to replace the SME WUAF - SA The WUAF or a WUA Group is to act as a "Group Liaison" to meet with the GIDA SA and SME (Unit for WUA) Committee WUA WUAF - SME Scheme Individual Clients - Registration of WUA - Draft WUA Documents Federation Committee Management Entity of the SME (Agreements, Contracts, etc.) - Providing Support to WUAs - Inspection of legal, financial records Main Canal WUA 1 ISC for SME Water Service WUA 2 WUA 3 Management body General Assembly Accounting Officer Election of MC Election of DSC Technical Engineer Members Members (≠ than MC Members) Bank Account Management Dispute Settlement + Reserve Fund Committee Committee Private Service ISC for SME Providers Management committe Secondary (Branch 4) WUA's staff Water Service Election per Block of the Farmer Representatives Members WUA Area Rice Smallholders - Using gravity water Tertiary (Lateral) Other Farmers - Pumping water from Canals Tertiary (Lateral) Figure 3-12: Organizational Structure for the proposed WUA for KIS (Source Consultancy Service to Update the Design and Construction Supervision of the Rehabilitation of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) – Phase (A),BRL ,2017) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 80 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Management of the KIS Main System: The Private Sector Entity (Company) who will be selected as the Scheme Management Entity (SME) will be responsible for the management of the operation and maintenance (MOM) of the KIS main system/scheme irrigation and drainage (I&D) infrastructure. The following underlisted will be managed by the SME:  Main Canal, Main Drains, Catchment Drain;  all main system I&D Hydraulic Structures, Night Storage Reservoirs (NSRs);  Main Access & Link Roads, Maintenance & Inspection Roads on the Main Canal; and  the Instrumentation for water level control and flow measurement to each WUA. Management of the Branch and Lateral (I&D) Infrastructure: The management of the operation and maintenance (MOM) of the KIS Branch Canal and Lateral Canal command areas’ (I&D) infrastructure will be the responsibility of the Water User Association (WUA) established at the Branch Canal level for 11 WUAs within KIS and two (2) WUAs established to manage 4 to 5 Lateral Canals each which off-take from the Main Canal. The I &D infrastructure to be managed include:  Branch, Lateral and Sub-Lateral Canals & Drains,  Collector Drains,  all I&D Hydraulic Structures,  all In-field and Link Roads, and  all Maintenance and all Inspection Roads on the Branch Canals. The core functions of the WUAs (provided in Table 3-10.) and the roles and responsibilities for the operation of the WUAS are presented in Table 3-11. An organogram illustrating the structure of the scheme management has been provided in Figure 3-12 above. Table 3-10: Core functions of the WUAs Core Function Detailed tasks • planning of water distribution on lateral and sub-lateral level in in close collaboration with lateral units in accordance with the selected cropping pattern; Irrigation • performing water scheduling on lateral and sub-lateral level in close management cooperation with the scheme operator; • training and guidance to farmers in determining irrigation requirements in close cooperation with the scheme management entity. • management of the scheme from begin of lateral to end of sub-lateral; • financial management (accounting) of the service area in close cooperation with the scheme management entity; Operation, • determine and collection of water fees for all users in close cooperation management and with the SME; maintenance • conducting day to day maintenance and periodic replacement of scheme components on lateral and sub-lateral level; • organizing of assembly meetings and ad-hoc meetings with water users; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 81 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA • sanctioning of defaulting water users (imposing fines, temporary water disconnection and eviction in the worst case); Conflict • mitigation of conflicts originating from land conflicts (borders), non- paying management members, renting out or renting in plots, etc. Table 3-11: Roles and Responsibilities for the Operation of the WUAs Actors / WUA Tasks to be performed Components • provide training and create awareness in connection with the establishment and operation of associations; • provide technical assistance and support to associations related to water management, accounting, financial planning, irrigation techniques and Supervisory practices, maintenance and gender issues; Authority • assist in the formation of new associations; • establish and maintain the Register of Irrigation Water Users’ Associations; • conduct legal and financial supervision; and • contracting the Scheme Management Entity. • contracting the Scheme Management Entity; Water Users’ • oversee and supervise Scheme Management Entity; Associations • assist in the development of by-laws for the WUAs; and Federation • assist in resolving conflicts between the WUAs. • set the amount of membership fees and fines payable by the members; • approve the annual income and expenditure statement and balance sheet and the annual report of the association; • make decisions on the re-organisation of liquidation of the associations; • set a limit on the sale, purchase, mortgaging or pledging of any asset owned by the association, investment or conclusion of loans, overdrafts or the financial liabilities of the association; General • approve contracts above a certain value or of high significance to the Assembly association as may be specified in the by-laws; • election of members for the management committee and the dispute solving committee; • final decision making on any drastic change in financial policies; • election and removal of committee members for just cause; • adaptation and amendment of articles of incorporation and by-laws of the association. • implement decisions by the General Assembly; • prepare annual work plans and budget of the association and implement Management them upon approval; Committee • be responsible for the operations, maintenance and management of the command area/ service area; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 82 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Actors / WUA Tasks to be performed Components • organize General Assembly meetings, prepare minutes and disseminate to the members; • collect Irrigation Service Charge from the lateral units, undertake the accounting and hand over the money to the SME; • in close collaboration with the supervising authority and the SME, calculate and agree on the annual ISC levy farmers have to pay; • proper operation and maintenance of the irrigation scheme (service area); • coordinate irrigation activities in the area including cropping patterns, irrigation scheduling and water distribution; • formulate and implement rules and regulations for the management of the affairs of the Association and for the guidance of the Associations officers and members; • ensure true and accurate records of all transactions of the Association are kept by the Treasurer and Audited annually; • appoint employees who are not members of the Association and fix their remuneration; • provide the audited financial statement of the Association to all members; • ensure safe custody of the Association property; • enter into contracts on behalf of the Association; • ensure that safe health and hygiene practices within the scheme are followed; • responsible for fee collection in timely manner and remitting the funds to the Treasurer of the Association; • evaluate the overall performance of the irrigation system; and • ensure equal water access to all legal members. • resolving disputes related to water use and distribution of water between members of the association; • resolving disputes related to the provision of irrigation services; Dispute • resolving matters related to contravention of the by-laws of an association; Settlement • resolving of matters related to non-observance of the watering schedule of an Committee association; • decision on fines to members who do not pay the ISC; • resolving disputes related to land allocation. 3.6.1 Project Management and Schedule The initial phase of the rehabilitation and modernisation works, including the civil works on the scheme is expected to cover 18 months. Agricultural development is expected to commence in the second half of year 2, which is after 18 months, continuing through years 3 and 4, when full benefits would have been achieved. Crop benefits would thus be phased out over 3 years. The Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 83 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA project is analysed over a 25-year period, during which it is expected that most of the civil works structures would still be in a good state of use. 3.7 Alternative Considerations The KIS is currently being used although the scheme needs major rehabilitation and modernization work to improve production yields. The existing surface irrigation system allows canals to carry water to some irrigation fields. Alternative options under the rehabilitation work is limited however, a number of options have been considered to present the most feasible alternatives. These options have been analysed according to their suitability to meet the projects objectives. The options were analysed according to the following categories and summarised in Table 3-12:  agriculture development scheme;  water supply options;  type of irrigation system;  cropping system; and  no action option. Additionally, the type of irrigation system and cropping systems have also been analysed as sub- alternatives in Table 3-13. These sub-alternatives are as follows:  type of irrigation system (Drip Irrigation, Centre Pivot Irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation and Surface irrigation (flood and furrow irrigation methods).  cropping system (Mono-cropping, Mixed Cropping and Crop Rotation). Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 84 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 3-12 : Analysis of Alternatives No Alternative Issue Analysis of options Selected Consideration option/Justification/ Remarks 1. - Limited employment opportunities for neighbouring communities. - All 3,000ha gross area (potential) is developed into commercial farms. - Easier to manage as investor has full control over entire land. A mixture of large scale Solely large - Investor can make higher returns from the venture. commercial and smallholder scale - No smallholder farms involved in the project as there will be high social costs farming systems will be commercial as utilised to bring enhanced agriculture - No provision of support services for smallholder farmers in neighbouring benefits to the neighbouring communities. communities. The provision - Limited employment opportunities for neighbouring communities of support services and - Smallholder farming system in the project area is improved. transfer of knowledge to the - Scheme Manager as an investor provides support services for smallholder small holder farmers will Agriculture farmers (provision of inputs, land preparation, irrigation, etc.) in the form of increase their agricultural Smallholder development loan or at a fee. productivity, increase their Farming System scheme - Smallholder farmers can increase their productivity and improve their income levels and improve with Support livelihoods through the support received. their livelihoods. from Investor - Smallholder farmers secure their own lands. - Community members without lands may not benefit from the scheme. - Possibility of some smallholder farmers defaulting in payment of loans or fees charged for service may affect project sustainability. Combination of - Portions of project land is allocated to large farming enterprises. large scale - Portions of land is allocated to smallholder farmers in neighbouring commercial and communities. smallholder - Large farming enterprises have substantial technical, managerial and financial farming expertise and working capital. systems Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 85 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA - Large farming enterprises act as “anchor farmers” and provide support to smallholder farmers through contract farming/outgrower arrangements. - Anchor farmer provides training and extension services for smallholder farmers. - Increased productivity on smallholder farms. - Produce from smallholder farms maybe purchased by anchor farmer. - Employment opportunities and enhanced livelihood for smallholder farmers and community members who are employed on farms - 2. - Less costly; - Avoidance of conflict with other water users by not depending on surface and Combination of rain-fed and groundwater sources; irrigation has been Rain-fed - No infrastructure required to distribute water to all sections of the farm; considered as the preferred - Existing GIDA irrigation facility will be underutilized; option to ensure all year- - Cropping period limited to raining season; round cultivation, reduce - Higher risk of crop failure due to drought; production cost associated - Unpredictability of rainfall pattern; with full dependence on - Quantity of water received by crops cannot be regulated irrigation and to take Water Supply - Less productivity during periods of low rainfall. advantage of the benefits of - Higher vulnerability to climate change. both options and reduce the - Existing irrigation facilities by GIDA will be utilized. negative effects. Some - Cropping can be done all year round. irrigation facilities by GIDA - Quantity of water to crops can be regulated. already exist on site, which Irrigation - Increased crop productivity due to availability of water. would be rehabilitated, - Higher cost of irrigation. modernised and extended - Potential conflict with other water users downstream. for use. - Potential impacts on aquatic ecosystem downstream of abstraction point. 3. - The land will be left in its current underutilized state. No Action - - The impacts on vegetation and fauna will be avoided. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 86 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA - Effects from the use of agrochemicals and fertilizers on the soil and water This option is not preferred resources will be limited. due to the negative impacts - The aesthetic view of the area will not be changed. on food security, livelihoods - Investment opportunity made by GIDA under the existing scheme will be lost. and the general social and - Existing GIDA irrigation facilities at the site will remain economic impacts on the underutilized/dilapidated. local and national economy. - Job and economic opportunities for neighbouring communities and the The existing GIDA irrigation country will be lost. facilities at the project site - Ghana’s land and water resources will continue to be underutilized. will remain underutilised. - The inhabitants of the area will continue to indulge in poor farming practices This ESIA has proposed at the project area amidst erratic climatic conditions, either drought or floods measures to mitigate or for cultivating crops, with very limited sources of income. reduce the negative impacts - The local economy will continue to be weak. on the environment. - The youth in the proposed project area will continue to migrate to the district, regional and national capitals in search of non-existing jobs, and many may eventually resort to crime and other socially unacceptable lifestyles. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 87 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 3-13 :Analysis of Sub- Alternatives. No Sub-Alternative Issue Selected Analysis of options Consideration Option/Justification/ Remarks 1a. - The open canals are exposed to the atmosphere. The most preferred option is - Open canals are relatively less expensive as compared to closed canals. the open canal system. The - Maintenance on open canal channels is easier as compared to closed canal existing canals have most channels. sections open except where Open canals - Poses safety threats to nearby communities/persons and animals. the canals are crossing - Nearby communities can easily dump waste into canals and also access the Pumped or streams/rivers. However, the water for domestic usage. gravity project proposes to replace irrigation - The closed canals are covered and the water not exposed to the atmosphere. lateral canals by the piped facilities - Closed canals are expensive in their construction. system similar to the Semi- - The channels of closed canals are not easy to access for desilting when choked with obstacles. Californian System of PVC Closed canals - The canal is covered and does not pose any safety threat to nearby piped laterals to each farm communities/persons and animals. block. The proposed option - Not easy for nearby communities to dump wastes into canals and fetch the maximizes the efficiency of water for domestic usage. the existing system. - This involves placement of pipes in structures as pipelines to deliver water to Laying of pipes the lateral farm blocks as Semi-Californian piped laterals. - More expensive compared to open canals. (semi- - The pipes are covered and do not pose any safety threat to nearby Californian communities/persons and animals. system) - Communities cannot dump wastes into canals and fetch the water for domestic usage. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 88 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No Sub-Alternative Issue Selected Analysis of options Consideration Option/Justification/ Remarks 1b. - Lined canals have a more secure, stable channel with no soil erosion influence and does not encourage vegetation growth within the channel. The most preferred option - Properly constructed lined canals have less maintenance cost due to will be the lined canals, this Lined canals infrequent vegetation removal as well as infrequent collapse of side walls. will ensure that maximum - Ensures optimal transmission of water to irrigation fields due to less water loss from seepages. water is retained for Nature of canal irrigation while reducing - Earth canals usually have unstable channels with soil erosion influence and water loss due to seepage. encourages vegetation growth. Unlined or earth - Maintenance cost is usually high due to frequent vegetation removal and canals collapse or cave in of side walls. - Increased water loss from transmission due to seepage. 2. - Growing one type of crop all year round on the same land. - Allows large expanses of land to be cropped and harvested at the same time. Crop rotation has been - Easier to be mechanized. considered as the preferred - Less types of equipment and machinery required. option to meet market Monocropping - Higher risk of crop failure due to pest and disease infestation or drought. demand, diversify the - Higher risk of investment loss due to crop failure. sources of income, Cropping - Higher rate of nutrient depletion due to the same nutrient requirement. maximises land use and System - Growing of two or more crops on different portions of the same land. return on investment due to - Spreads risk of crop failure. different maturity periods of - Diversifies sources of income. crops and reduced risk of Mixed Cropping farm failure in the year. - Different maturity periods of crops affect planning. - Different requirements of plants require different types of equipment, Where feasible, farmers may fertilizers and other farm inputs. be allowed to do mixed Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 89 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No Sub-Alternative Issue Selected Analysis of options Consideration Option/Justification/ Remarks - Allows large expanses of land to be cropped with one type of crop at a time cropping to also maximise which is followed in rotation with a different crop on the same piece of land. time of return on investment - Easier to be mechanized. due to different maturity - Less types of equipment and machinery required. periods of crops. Crop Rotation - Spreads risk of crop/farm failure within the year. - Diversifies sources of income. - Maximizes land use and return on investment due to different maturity periods of crops. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 90 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 4.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS The Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) is located around the Akuse, in the Lower Manya Krobo District of the Eastern Region and Asutsuare in the Shai Osudoku District of the Greater Accra Region. The existing physical and socioeconomic environment of the project area is presented in this chapter. 4.1 Physical Environment 4.1.1 Climatic Conditions Rainfall The climate of the project area is characterized by humid conditions and a bimodal rainfall pattern. Figure 4-1 shows the average monthly rainfall data for the Akuse synoptic station (nearest synoptic station to the project site) over the period 1961 – 2015. The major rainfall season occurs between March and June and accounts for about 49.48% of the annual rainfall. The minor rainfall season starts from September to October and accounts for 22.87% of the annual rainfall. The driest month is January (1.36%) whiles the wettest month is June (16.61%). The average annual rainfall varies between 900 mm and 1,100 mm. Average Rainfall (mm) 200 16.61% 180 160 13.39% 140 11.24% 11.74% 11.13% 120 8.89% 100 8.24% 6.99% 80 60 3.83% 4.17% 40 2.41% 1.36% 8 11 12 11 12 20 4 8 8 6 7 3 0 1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average Rainfall (mm) No. of Rainy Days Linear (Average Rainfall (mm)) Figure 4-1: Average monthly rainfall data at the Akuse Synoptic Station (2006-2016) A further analysis of the rainfall pattern in Figure 4-1 reveals a gradual increase in average monthly number of rainy days with increasing rainfall depth. There is a strong correlation between the increase in rainfall and the number of rainy days (Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.94). The bimodal pattern of rainfall influences the cropping pattern in the district, giving rise to two cropping seasons – the major and minor cropping seasons. Rainfall duration is generally inadequate even during the major season, which affects crop production in the district. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 91 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Sunshine The annual mean sunshine duration at the project area, as recorded at Akuse (nearest synoptic station) 5.51 hours. Wind Data from the Ghana Meteorological Agency (2006 to 2015) indicate that wind direction is predominantly South South Westerly (i.e. blowing from South South West to North North East). This is illustrated by Figure 4-2 which presents the frequency of winds from 2006 to 2015 is plotted by wind direction, and indicating wind speed ranges with colour bands. Wind Direction and Speed 0 <= ws < 1 1000 1 <= ws < 2 900 2 <= ws < 3 800 700 NO. OF EVENTS 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 WIND DIRECTION Figure 4-2: Distribution of wind speed and direction at the Akuse Synoptic Station (2006 -2015) The wind data indicate that 97% of the wind direction in the period were South South westerly and 3% were south westerly. Wind speed ranged between 0 and 3 knots and predominantly between 1 and 2 knots (57.26%). February/March and September are the windiest months and wind speed is least in November/December. At the onset of the major season, strong south-westerly winds may occur causing thunderstorms that sometimes damages structures, vegetation and crops. During the early part of the dry season, the harmattan winds from the Sahara regions blow across the district, drying up seasonal streams and ponds and exposing the vegetation to bushfires. Temperature and Relative Humidity The temperature and relative humidity in the district vary little during the year. Variation in monthly mean temperature, based on data from the Ghana Meteorological Agency (2006 to 2015) is presented in Figure 4-3. The warmest month is usually March whiles the coolest month is usually August. The annual mean temperature being 28.6°C. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 92 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Variation in Mean Monthly Temperature (oC) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average minimum temp Average maximum temp Average temp Figure 4-3: Variation in mean monthly temperature at the Akuse Synoptic Station (2006-2016) Relative humidity in the area is highest between June and July (80%) and is least between December and February (69% to 71%) as presented in Figure 4-4. Annual mean humidity is 74.8%. Mean Relative Humidity (%) 82 80 78 76 74 72 70 68 66 64 62 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Figure 4-4: Variation in mean monthly relative humidity (2006 -2016) 4.1.2 Geology and Soil The soil classification was based on the morphological properties of the representative soil profiles. Feasibility studies conducted by the project’s Engineering Consultants (BRLi) identified seven (7) soil series within the project area. The soils were identified using the local soil series level and then classified using the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (FAO, 2006). Information from previous studies indicates that the soils were developed from acidic and basic gneiss and Volta alluvium deposits. The major soils encountered during the present study are as follows: Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 93 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA  Akuse series (Calcic Pellic Vertisol (Gleyic)  Bumbi series (Pellic Vertisol)  Lupu Series, Eutric Gleysol (Clayic)  Hake Series, (Chromic Eutric Cambisol (Clayic)  Amo and Tefle Series (Eutric Cambisol (Arenic ) and Eutric Gleysol (Clayic) These are briefly described below and illustrated in Figure 4-6. The soil types influence the types of crops cultivated in the area. Akuse series (Calcic Pellic Vertisol (Gleyic) These soils comprise of black to dark grey, heavy, plastic, highly elastic when wet and become hard and compact when dry, cracking vertically from the surface. The topsoil consists of black to dark grey, silty clay to clay, moderate to strong crumbs and lumps, sticky and plastic with rusty root channels. The subsoil is grey, faintly mottled olive brown, clay, moderate to strong angular and massive structure with common calcium carbonates and manganese dioxide concretion. A shallow version of the Akuse series (Prampram series) was also encountered within the area. The nature of the soil makes it unsuitable for manual cultivation using rudimentary methods, however can be suitable for mechanized irrigation farming. Subsistence farming of maize, cassava, okro and other vegetables occur in some of the areas dominated by this soil type. The areas with this soil type have short grasses providing extensive grazing fields for cattle. The Akuse series is the predominant soil type in the district and is found in the central and eastern parts of the district. Amo and Tefle Series (Eutric Cambisol (Arenic ) and Eutric Gleysol (Clayic ) These soils occur on the higher ground in association with Hake and Tefle series. They are deep (>100 cm), imperfectly to well drained, dark greyish brown to greyish brown topsoil grading into pale brown and greyish brown subsoil with few to common fine and medium prominent yellowish brown and strong brown mottles. They are very strongly acidic in the top soil. They have silty loam to sandy clay loam topsoil underlain by loamy sand and sandy loam with weak fine and medium sub-angular blocky grading into single grains (structure-less). These are found in the extreme north and north-eastern part of the district within the Volta flood plain. These soils are moderately supplied with nutrients under natural conditions and are easily workable with simple implements. These soils were in the past used for sugarcane cultivation to feed the Sugar Factory at Asutsuare and are now used extensively for rice cultivation. The Volta flood plain soils are one of the most fertile soils in the Shai-Osudoku District. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 94 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Figure 4-5: Map of major soils of Section A and B areas of KIS(BRL,2016) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 95 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Hake Series (Chromic Eutric Cambisol (Clayic) The series consist of 20 cm of brown, loam, weak fine granular, slightly sticky slightly plastic top soils underlain by yellowish brown, clay to clay loam mottled, strong brown with moderate to strong medium and coarse sub-angular and angular structure, slightly sticky slightly plastic. The soil reaction ranges from pH 5.1 to 7.0 within the soil profile. These soils are very deep (>150 cm), moderately well drained, occurring on very gentle slopes within the site. Bumbi Series ((Pellic Vertisol) These soils are deep (>150 cm), poorly drained, black to grey heavy clays found within depressions and valleys within the site. The profile consists of black clay, moderate fine and medium crumbs and granular with rusty root channels in the topsoil underlain by very dark grey, faintly mottled strong brown, sticky plastic with moderate to strong medium and coarse angular blocky, sub-angular and massive structure. The soil contains calcium carbonate nodules and concretions in some of the profiles observed. The soil reaction throughout the profile ranges from 5.6 to 7.7. Lupu Series (Eutric Gleysol (Clayic) These soils are very deep (>150 cm), dark grey to grey, clay, sticky, plastic, non-calcareous with strong brown mottles with slaken size on the surface. The profile consists of dark grey, clay loam to clay, moderate fine and medium crumbs and granular with rusty root channels in the topsoil underlain by dark grey to grey, heavy clay, sticky and plastic with few manganese dioxide concretions, mottled strong brown with many clay skins on ped surfaces. The soil reaction ranges from 6.4 to 6.9 within the profile. Current soil Quality and Conditions at the Project site An assessment of soil conditions within the project area was conducted as part of the technical assessment feasibility study by BRLi and the outcome is as follows:  generally, the soils are low in fertility with respect to Nitrogen and Phosphorus which must be supplied through fertilizers. The mean available P values of the top soils were very low ranging from 5.5 ppm to 11 ppm. This is nearly 10 times lower than required for adequate plant growth on these soils. Phosphorus thus, is the most limiting nutrient followed by nitrogen;  Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium were in adequate amounts for good crop growth in all the soils of the Kpong Irrigation Scheme study area with calcium and magnesium having higher concentrations;  the most fertile soil in terms of plant nutrient availability is the Tefle Series soil. The assessment showed that mean topsoil pH range for the soils was between 5.3 to 7.0. Rice can tolerate a pH of 5.3 but with prolonged fertilization with nitrogenous fertilizers such as Ammonium Sulphate, Urea and Sulfan will further lower the pH and may require liming to maintain productivity of such soils;  the Akuse Series, Lupu Series and Bumbi Series soils which are deep and heavy clay soils are classified as highly suitable for irrigated rice, maize, vegetables and sugar cane. The Amo Series (heavy clay) and the Tefle Series are also classified as suitable for maize, vegetables and tree crops such as oil palm and mango. The light-textured Amo and Hake series soils are classified as suitable for maize, vegetables and sugar cane. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 96 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 4.1.3 Drainage and Surface Water Resources The Volta River is the main fresh water body within the district. It forms the North-Eastern boundary of the Shai Osudoku District. It provides a means of livelihood for the Asutsuare and Akuse communities (project towns), as well as many communities along its bank, including Akupkom, Kadjanya and Dormeliam. The Kpong Irrigation Scheme Canal is a prominent water resource in the district. The canal takes its source from the Volta River in Akuse (Lower Manya Krobo District) and flows through portions of the Shai Osudoku District around Asutsuare and Volivo areas, and neighbouring localities. The canal is mainly used for irrigation purposes. Neighbouring communities also collect water from the canals for domestic purposes. Generally, the natural drainage pattern of the project area can be described as dendritic with most streams taking their sources from the Akuapem Range, which serves as a watershed. The surface water drainage system discharges into four drainage lagoons within the KIS (i.e. Kasu, Klebwe, Lupu and Nyapia). There are four (4) Grassed Waterways and two (2) creeks which serve as the Main Drains of the Section A irrigation area. Lomen Creek acts as the major drain which collects all of the drainage outflows from the seven Branch Canal command areas and from the Grassed Waterways and then discharges into the Volta River. The other creek, Lanor Creek was constructed to carry the runoff from the southern and south west external catchments across the irrigation area and deliver them to Lomen Creek and then ultimately outflow into the Volta River The Main Drainage System of the KIS Section B irrigation area is a combination of the main scheme drains out falling into three lagoons (i.e. Lupu, Klebwe and Kasu) with an array of interconnecting large drains which eventually outfall into a tributary of the Volta River thus carrying all Section B discharge water to the Volta River. The Kasu and Nyapia Lagoons receive drainage flows from Section C drains and then outfalls through the Kasu Outfall Drain into the Lukwe River and then eventually discharging into the Volta River. Figure 4-6, Figure 4-7 and Figure 4-8 provide illustrations of the drainage system within the KIS. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 97 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Figure 4-6: Irrigation and drainage layout of Section A of the Kpong Irrigation Scheme (BRL, 2016) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 98 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Figure 4-7: Irrigation and drainage layout of Section B of the Kpong Irrigation Scheme (BRL ,2016) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 99 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Figure 4-8: Irrigation and drainage layout of the of the Kpong Irrigation Scheme (BRL, 2016) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 100 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA The lagoons are overgrown with weeds and are heavily silted, hence the efficiency of the lagoon has been minimized. Each farm plot has an outlet wastewater drain which converges into a main drain and further flows into the various lagoons at different sections of the scheme. The lagoons are interlinked and serve as settling points for irrigation wastewater. They further drain into the Lukwe River and finally drain into the River Volta. The water balance estimates for the lagoons are shown in Table 4-1. Table 4-1: shows the water balance estimates for the lagoons. Design Water Water Available Area Expected Excess Levels Surface (ha) Storage Draining Runoff Runoff Lagoons (m) into the Storage Lagoons (1000 m3) (ha) (m3) (1000m3) Lupu-Klebwe Klebwe 5.49 3.96 60 25 476 776 678 202 Lupu 5.49 3.96 86 54 1,060 1,878 1,565 505 Total 1,536 2,654 2,243 707 Kasu -Nyapia Kasu 4.88 3.96 325 253 2,600 2,586 2,421 -179 Nyapia 6.10 4.27 1448 210 8,000 16,287 10,692 2,692 Total 10,600 18,873 13,113 2,513 4.1.4 Water Quality Surface water samples were collected from upstream, midstream and downstream points within the KIS and analysed at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research’s (CSIR) Water Research Institute (WRI) laboratory. The upstream sample, A1, was collected from the intake point of the main canal, mid-stream, A2 (N 06.06646 °, E 000.14396°), was sampled within the main canal and compared with the Target Water Quality Ranges (TWQR) of the Ghana Raw Water Quality Criteria and Guidelines (Volume 4(B): Agricultural Water Use (Irrigation)) to determine its suitability for irrigation. The downstream water sample, A3, was sampled from the waste water drain from the project site, and compared with the EPA guideline values for general effluent discharge. The Volta River is a major perennial river which serves as the source of water for irrigation. Many of the downstream communities rely on it for drinking and domestic purposes. The upstream water sample results are therefore compared with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Drinking Water Quality Guideline (DWQG) and the Target Water Quality Ranges (TWQR) of the Ghana Raw Water Quality Criteria and Guidelines (Volume 4(B): Agricultural Water Use (Irrigation)) to test its suitability for drinking and irrigation respectively. The results of the downstream sample are compared with the EPA guideline values for general effluent discharge into natural water bodies due to the potential for overflow during heavy rains which could end up in any stream. The results are shown in Table 4-2 and attached as Annex 3. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 101 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 4-2: Results of Water quality analysis EPA general DWQG effluent Sample ID A1 A2 TWQR A3 discharge guideline values pH (pH Units) 7.55 7.40 6.5-8.5 7.67 6-9 6.5-8.5 Cond (µS/cm) 74.4 69 - 626 1500 - Turbidity (NTU) 8 9 - 32 75 5 Colour (Hz) 7.50 7 - 25 200 15 TSS (mg/l) 6 7.5 <50 12 50 - TDS (mg/l) 40.9 38 <40 344 1000 1000 BOD (mg/l) 1.40 0.910 - 2.30 50 - COD (mg/l) 9.46 3.59 - 14.8 250 - OIL (mg/l) <0.001 <1.00 - <0.001 5 - T.PO4 (mg/l) 0.073 0.093 - 0.315 2 - NO3-N (mg/l) 0.017 0.090 <0.5-<5 0.034 50 50 S2- (mg/l) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 1.5 500 Cl- (mg/l) 7.90 6 <100 151 250 250 ALK. (mg/l) 16 32 - 24 150 - T.Cr (mg/l) <0.001 <0.010 <0.1 <0.010 0.5 0/050 Cd (mg/l) <0.002 <0.002 <0.01 <0.002 0.1 0.003 Fe (mg/l) 0.421 0.043 <5 0.308 1.0 - Cu (mg/l) <0.010 0.014 <0.1 <0.010 0.5 2 Total Coliform 400 0 550 350 cfu/100ml - 680 Feacal Coliform - 8 - cfu/100ml 15 The results from the upstream sample show all parameters were compliant with TWQR guideline levels except TDS for sampling point A1. The results confirm the suitability of the KIS canal water for irrigation. The downstream sample shows exceedance levels for total coliforms. The waste water drain is open and exposed to runoff, air, wind soil and many other surrounding environmental conditions which could contribute to high exceedance levels of coliforms. The communities within (i.e. Kasunya and Klebuse) mostly use water from the lagoons for domestic purposes. 4.1.5 Groundwater Groundwater sampling was conducted from a borehole, which is also the main source of drinking water in Kotorkor community approximately 1 km from KIS. This is the closest community to the project area with a functional borehole. Groundwater sample results are compared with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Drinking Water Quality Guideline (DWQG) to test its suitability for drinking, the results are provided in Table 4-3. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 102 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 4-3: Groundwater Sampling results Sample ID S2 G.W WHO DWQG pH (pH Units) 7.28 6.5-8.5 Cond (µS/cm) 119 - Turb (NTU) 3 5 Col (Hz) <2.50 15.0 TSS (mg/l) 20 - TDS (mg/l) 65.5 1,000 BOD (mg/l) 0.74 - COD (mg/l) 2.59 - OIL (mg/l) <1.00 - T.PO4 (mg/l) 0.048 - NO3-N (mg/l) 0.275 50 S2- (mg/l) <0.005 500 Cl- (mg/l) 7.9 250 ALK. (mg/l) 52 - T.Cr (mg/l) <0.010 0.050 Cd (mg/l) <0.002 0.003 Fe (mg/l) 0.907 0.300 Cu (mg/l) <0.010 2.00 TC cfu/100ml 32 0 The results show that Iron (Fe) and total coliforms (TC) for the groundwater sample did not conform to the WHO DWQG. 4.1.6 Air Quality and Noise Level Baseline air and noise quality assessment was carried out by SAL Consult in March 2016 at the premises of Abians company Ltd, which operates a rice mill facility within KIS (monitoring point: N 6.09441°; E 0.14396°), the nearest settlement, Akukpom, a suburb of Asutsuare (monitoring point: N 6.10083°; E 0.14230°). The results obtained from Abians Company Ltd is representative of a typical mill environment within the KIS. Sampling Equipment and Methodology Employed Air Quality The active principal sampling mechanism employed was the installation of portable motor-driven SKC Hi-volume dust samplers at each sampling site. The equipment was calibrated in the field prior to use. Background samples were collected for 24 hours on pre-weighed glass fibre filters. These were re-weighed after the sampling in order to determine the weight difference. The flow rate of the sampler was set at 5 Lmin-1. The levels of Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO) in the ambient air were determined using dragger diffusion tubes. Wind speed/directions were determined for the sampling period to facilitate the effective determination of possible areas of impact for air borne pollutants using minimet. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 103 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA The individual samples were gravimetrically analysed using the formula given below TSP/PM10 (µgm-3) = W2 – W1 Fr x T Where: TSP = Total suspended particulate PM10 = Respirable dust W1 = Weight of glass fibre filter before sampling W2 = Weight of glass fibre filter sampling Fr = Flow rate (5 Lmin-1) T = Sampling duration in minutes Noise Level Measurements The noise level assessment was carried out simultaneously with dust levels at the same sampling sites using a Quest 2900 type A Precision Sound Level Meter. The instrument was positioned at a height of 1.2 meters above ground. The meter was calibrated prior to monitoring and the data logged at 3 seconds interval. Results of Assessment Result of Air Quality Assessment The results of the air quality assessment are compared to the EPA’s National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (NAAQG) values in Table 4-4. Table 4-4: Results of Air Quality Monitoring TSP EPA PM10 EPA µgm-3 Guideline µgm-3 Guideline No. Sampling Site Value (µgm-3) Value (µgm-3) 1. Abians Company Ltd (at KIS site) 185 230 27 70 2. Akukpom Palm Wine Junction 170 26.5 150 70 (nearest community) The results for air quality at the proposed project site show that both Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) are within the EPA guideline values. However, for the nearest community, TSP exceeded the EPA guideline values whiles PM10 was within the EPA guideline values. The high level of TSP at the nearest community may be attributed to dry conditions at the time of monitoring (March 2016) and recent bush burning activities. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 104 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Results of Noise Level Assessment The data was compared to the EPA’s National Ambient Noise Level Guidelines (NANLG) are presented in Table 4-5. The results indicate that noise levels recorded at the proposed project site and the nearest community where within EPA’s guideline value. Table 4-5: Results of Noise Level Monitoring dB(A) EPA Guideline No. Sampling Site Leq Lmax Lmin L10 L50 L90 Value [dB(A)] 1. Abians Company Ltd 56.9 75 49.6 51.1 56.9 56.7 60 proposed project site (at KIS site) Akukpom Palm Wine 55 2. 50.6 69.8 50.9 52.9 51.0 51.9 Junction (nearest community) Legend Leq - Integrated noise level during the measurement period Lmax - Maximum noised level Lmin - Minimum noise level L50 - Average noise level L10 - Nuisance noise level L90 - Background noise level 4.2 Biological Environment 4.2.1 Aquatic Ecology This aquatic biological study aims to provide baseline information on the local dynamics of the flora and fauna in the project area. Field work was conducted on 29th October 2016 in the Kasu and Klebwe drainage lagoons to satisfy the above study objectives. Methodology The study involved desk survey, field data collection, laboratory work and analysis of data, and write-up. All relevant and available literature was consulted to help provide background environmental information and analysis of project impacts. To help assess the biological integrity of the river ecosystem, aquatic flora and fauna were sampled, identified and abundance estimated as per standard methods. Where sampling could not be done due to inaccessibility, some residents were interviewed to provide information on vertebrates and other fauna in the area. Other relevant observations were noted and results analyzed to help with predictions and mitigation of significant impacts. For plants, aquatic macrophytes and phytoplankton were assessed. The fauna groups assessed were zooplankton, benthos, nekton including fishes and crustaceans and aquatic birds. All Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 105 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA collected field samples, (except fish and crustaceans) were fixed with 10% buffered formalin which was coloured with Rose Bengal solution to afford later examination in the laboratory. Aquatic flora in and around the river was identified on the field using identification guides. Samples and pictures of unidentified plants were taken to the laboratory for further observation and identification. Fauna that was associated with the river was also similarly identified. Water birds were identified and counted using binoculars within a 100m radius. Both phyto- and zoo-plankton were assessed by passing a 0.5-micron mesh plankton net of diameter 15 cm horizontally through the river over a distance of approximately 50 m. The filtrate was then washed into a sample bottle, fixed with formalin and examined under light microscope in the laboratory. Using the area of the net, the volume of water that passed through the net was calculated. To assess the benthos, two shovelful scoops of sediment was taken at a shallow area, placed in a 500 microns mesh box sieve and washed. The residue sediment was kept in labelled sample bottles and preserved with buffered formalin with added Rose Bengal solution. Organisms in sediment were later identified and abundance determined in the laboratory. Experimental fishing was also done with a group of fishermen with two experienced professional fishermen were employed to fish for thirty minutes using a cast nets. To help give an indicator of catch rate, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) was calculated for this fishing. Fish species caught were identified using FAO identification guides. Secondly, the catch of some net fishermen found on the river were examined to support fisheries assessment. Back in the laboratory the corresponding wet weight (W) for each total length (TL) of the individual fishes recorded was measured using a top loading electronic scale and a fish measuring board respectively. Fish species were taxonomically identified, both on the field and in the laboratory, using Holden & Reed (1972) and Dankwa et al. (1999). Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 106 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Plate 4-1: Sampling of Phytoplankton on the Kasu Lagoon Results The most dominant grass was Typha domingensis; which covered a significantly large area of both lagoons, particularly at the slow moving banks. Following closely in abundance and area covered are the aquatic floating plants water lily Nymphaea lotus, duckweed Lemna sp., Salvinia sp., water lettuce Pistia stratiotes, water hyacinth Eichhornia sp. These floating plants normally quickly proliferate and are found in nutrient rich and slow flowing water. The river is very productive with high abundance of fish eggs; shrimp nauplii and crab larvae in high numbers (>100). The plankton community provides food for fish and macro-invertebrates. The explosive development of these plankton groups relates to the productivity of the fishery. There were no harmful micro-algae in the plankton community. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 107 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Plate 4-2: Dominant grass Typha dominengensis and other aquatic vegetation at the banks of the river. Benthos The sediment was muddy. Benthic organisms were few; made up of only gastropod shells. No bilharzia vector snails were observed during sampling. The paucity of benthic organisms may be due to the relatively fast flowing nature of the middle portions of the river and the high human activity along the banks. Vertebrates There were moderate numbers of shore birds. Individuals of Black-winged stilt Himantopus himantopus, Grey herons Ardea cinera, and Little egret Egretta garzetta, were recorded feeding in the shallow littoral areas. This observation indicates the area to be a potential feeding and breeding site for a moderate number of shore birds. Most of these shorebirds are indirectly influenced by the seasonal nature of climatic conditions and tidal influences which affect their habitats and availability of prey. Fisheries Fishing for both commercial and subsistence purposes was a common socio-economic activity practiced throughout the year except on Wednesdays of each week. The members of the community believe it is a taboo to fish on Wednesdays as practiced by their ancestors, hence anyone who disobeys will suffer the consequences of drowning in the river. Some of the fish identified by the fishermen on the Kasu and Klebwe drainage lagoons include but are not limited to species provided in Table 4-6. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 108 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 4-6: Catch composition of Fishermen within the drainage lagoons Species Number Total weight / g TL /cm (range) Tilapia zillii 14 524 11 - 13.6 Oreochromis niloticus 45 1684.9 11.3 - 15.3 Tilapia semifasciatus 7 260.3 11.1 - 14.2 Bagrus bayad 1 68.2 23 TOTAL 67 2537.4 Interviews conducted at both sites using picture fish identification guides revealed that other species of tilapia found in the lagoons are Tilapia zillii, T. galilaeus and Hemichromis fasciatus in decreasing abundance. Other notable species such as Citharinus sp., Auchenoglanis sp., Mormyrus rume, Schilbe mystus, Alestes nurse, Clarias sp. and Alestes baremose were also landed in low numbers seasonally and sporadically. Fishers indicated that Polypterus senegalus and Labeo sp. were rare in recent years. The above high species richness of the river provide evidence that the project site and its surroundings are habitat for a number of economically and ecologically important plant and animals. There is the need for planned biodiversity management strategies with the commencement of project activities. Plate 4-3: Nile Tilapia caught during experimental fishing Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 109 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Plate 4-4: Gymnarchus niloticus catch from one fisherman 4.2.2 Terrestrial Ecology Terrestrial Flora Methodology for Survey Assessments of the flora in the proposed project area was conducted through field and desk studies. The vegetation types of the proposed project location as well as the land use were noted by walking and driving through the proposed project site as appropriate. A rapid assessment of the abundances of the plant species encountered was conducted using frequency symbols. The botanical nomenclature follows Hutchinson and Dalziel (1954-72). The vegetation descriptions follow Taylor (1960) and Hall and Swaine (1981). The flora survey aimed at determining (i) the type of vegetation of the project site (ii) the most commonly occurring plant species and their relative abundances (subjectively determined) and (iii) whether any species are endangered. A species list was compiled by walking through the project site and its immediate surroundings. Results of Survey The General Vegetation types of the Project Area The project areas lie mostly in the Coastal Scrub and Grassland, Antiaris –Chlorophora Association and Guinea Savanna Woodland vegetation types of Taylor, 1960. Hall and Swaine (1981) however, classified the vegetation as mostly Southern Marginal and Dry Semi-deciduous forest subtypes and Guinea Savanna Woodland. The most common floral species that occur in the project area are: Chromolaena odorata, Ceiba pentandra, Morinda lucida, Solanum torvum, Boerhavia diffusa, Nauclea latifolia, Azadirachta indica, Cardiospermum halicacabum, Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides, Alchornea cordifolia, Gomphrena celosioides, Croton lobatus, Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 110 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Amaranthus spinosus, Cassia sieberiana, Centella asiatica, Ludwigia erecta, Nymphaea lotus, Sorghum arundinaceum, Eclipta prostrate, Cyperus haspan, Pentodon pentandrus, Typha domingensis, Imperata cylindrica, Lonchocarpus sericeus, Crotolaria retusa and Elaeis guineensis. The flora survey showed that the vegetation of the project areas has been largely modified by intensive agricultural activities and human settlement development. The original vegetation types outside the farmed areas have been largely replaced by open, derived savanna with isolated tall trees and thicket clumps as shown in Plate 4-5 and 4-6. The vegetation is thus mostly secondary to tertiary in development, the limiting factor being biotic. Some of the flora species observed have been provided in Table 4-7. Table 4-7: Flora species in and around the project site SPECIES COMMON IUCN SPECIES COMMON IUCN NAME CONSERVATION NAME CONVENTION STATUS STATUS Alchornea Christmas NA Gomphrena - NA cordifolia Bush celosioides Amaranthus Spiny NA Imperata Cogon NA spinosus pigweed cylindrica grass Azadirachta Nim tree NA Lonchocarpus - NA indica sericeus Boerhavia Spreading NA Ludwigia - NA diffusa Hogweed erecta Cardiospermum Baloon NA Morinda lucida Brimstone NA halicacabum Plant Tree Cassia Drumstick NA Nauclea - NA sieberiana Tree latifolia Centella asiatica Gotu kola LC Nymphaea Water lily NA lotus Chromolaena Siam NA Panicum Grass NA odorata Weed maximum Crotalaria Devil Bean NA Pentodon - LC retusa pentandrus Croton lobatus - NA Solanum Turkey NA torvum berry Cyperus haspan - NA Sorghum - NA arundinaceum Eclipta prostrata False daisy DD Typha - LC domingensis Elaeis guineensis Oil Palm NA Zanthoxylum Senegal NA xanthoxyloides prickly - ash Note: *NA= Not yet assessed*LC= Least concern *DD =Data Deficient Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 111 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Plate 4-5: Typical vegetation in the project area Plate 4-6: Rice field within the KIS Site. Terrestrial Fauna Methodology for Survey Information on the fauna was obtained through direct/opportunistic observation, identification of animal spoors, interviews and literature. The interviews focused mainly on the identification of the various animals that commonly occurred in the area, and some indication of their abundance/degree of occurrence from the local people, most of whom were farmers who had settled in the area more than 30 years ago. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 112 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA The literature consulted during the fauna desk survey includes Cansdale (1948; 1951), Booth (1958), Schiotz (1969), Hughes and Barry (1969), Decher (1997a), Decher et al. (1997), Kingdon (1997) and Ryan and Ntiamoa-Badu (1997). Results of Survey The project site and its immediate environs are very deficient in wildlife. Biotic pressure in the form of heavy farming and grazing as well as man-made fires have led to a decline in the faunal diversity of the project area. The common groups of fauna at the site are mainly birds, reptiles and mammals. The common fauna at the project site and their IUCN conservation statuses are stated in the Table 4-8. A detailed report for the ecological survey has been provided in Annex 4. Table 4-8: Common fauna at the project site and their IUCN conservation status Species Common Name IUCN Conservation Status Ardeola ibis Cattle Egret LC Cricetomys gambianas Gambian Pouched Rat LC Philothamnus semivariegatus Green Tree Snake LC Heliosciurus gambians Gambian Sun Squirrel LC Agama agama Agama Lizard LC Elanus caeruleus Black Shouldered Kite LC Cricetomys gambianus Northern Giant Pouched LC Rat Thryonomys swinderianus Greater Cane Rat LC Dendroaspis viridis West African Green LC Mamba *LC – Least Concern 4.3 Socio-Economic Environment The immediate geographical area of influence is the proposed 3,000 ha of KIS lands at Asutsuare in the Shai Osudoku District of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The socioeconomic characteristics of the District are presented below. 4.3.1 Demographic Characteristics According to the 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC), the projected total population for the district in 2013 according to the Shai Osudoku District Assembly (SODA) is 55, 741 with males being 27,146 (48.7%) and females being 28,595 (51.3%), this represents about 1.3% of the Greater Accra Region’s population. About 76.7% of the population reside in the rural areas and 23.3% in urban areas. The population of the district is youthful, with 37.9% of the population in the 0-14 age group, depicting a broad base population pyramid which tapers off with a small number of elderly persons. The districts age dependency ratio is 76.4 dependents (children and old age) for every 100 people working, and the dependency ratios for males and females are 79.7 and 73.3 respectively for every 100 persons in the working ages. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 113 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA The estimated population in Asutsuare is about 6500 and that of Kasunya is about 1000, these are project towns within the district. Farmer Population within KIS The Kpong Irrigation Scheme is presently managed by GIDA and has commissioned KIS staff to operate the scheme in conjunction with Osudoku Agricultural Co-operative Society (OACS) as shown in Figure 3-9. The total number of farmers on the scheme is 2622. There are 968 farmers and 1654 farmers for sections A and B respectively. Most of the farmers are from Asutsuare, Kasunya and other neighbouring towns within the district. 4.3.2 Employment and Industry The majority (80.6%) of the employed population 15 years and older are employed in the private informal sector, with 10% in the private formal sector and 8.5% in the public (government) sector. This implies that the majority of the population in the district are engaged in their own businesses which are not formalized. The main industries are agriculture, forestry and fishing; wholesale and retail; and manufacturing. About 46.4% of the population 15 years and older are engaged in the agriculture, forestry and fishing industry. Stone quarrying is common in areas around the Shai Hills though this industry employs just about 0.1% of the district’s population. Sand winning is carried out in parts of the district, with river sand winning taking place at Asutsuare. Crop farming is the main economic activity in Asutsuare and other surrounding towns. Smallholder farmers mainly cultivate rice under the Kpong irrigation scheme. Vegetable cultivation is also done under the KIS mostly on a small scale. Aquaculture is also done at the “out of command areas” within the scheme. Banana is cultivated on a large scale for export around Asutsuare by the Volta River Estates Limited (VREL) and Golden Exotics Company Limited, depending on the KIS canal for irrigation. These two companies provide employment for many people in the neighbouring communities. Fishing and sand winning from the Volta River and petty trading are other sources of livelihood for the community members. 4.3.3 Agriculture Agriculture is the main economic activity in the district. Crop farming, distribution and marketing provides an important source of livelihood for many of the inhabitants. The main crops cultivated include maize, rice, cassava, pepper, mangoes and banana. In the northern portions of the district, around Dodowa, Ayikuma and Agomeda, cassava, maize, and mangoes are commonly cultivated whiles in the southern portions around Asutsuare, Volivo and Osuwem areas, rice and banana are the main crops. Rice cultivation is the main economic activity in the areas around Asutsuare and Volivo. This is usually done under the Kpong Irrigation Scheme which provides opportunities for rice cultivation by smallholder farmers on the KIS lands, using the KIS canal for irrigation. The main types of rice cultivated are paddy and seed rice. The rice is usually processed and sold locally. Banana is cultivated on a large scale for export around Asutsuare by the Volta River Estates Limited (VREL) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 114 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA and Golden Exotics Company Limited, depending on the KIS canal for irrigation. Maize and cassava are mostly grown by subsistence farmers within the scheme. Cattle grazing is quite common in the district as the predominantly grassland vegetation provides suitable grazing fields for cattle. Incidents of grazing cattle destroying crops on farms are sometimes recorded. Other livestock commonly reared in the district include sheep and goats, poultry and pigs. Aquaculture through the use of cages is done in portions of the Volta Lake in the areas around Asutsuare. The main fish reared is tilapia. Challenges of rice cultivation within the scheme Challenges currently faced by farmers under the irrigation project include;  unreliable water supply at some sections of the scheme due blocked/destroyed sections of the canal;  conflicts among farmers due to different cropping patterns. Most farmers within the scheme crop at different times within the season hence, farmers require water on their fields at different times of the season. This affects farmers who may be harvesting and may not require water at a particular time of the season;  inadequate and high renting/hiring cost of machinery (power tillers, combine harvesters) for farmers;  lack of credit facilities for cropping activities;  high cost of milling and storage of rice at private warehouses within the KIS;  low crop yields. The proposed modernization and rehabilitation work will help address some of these challenges as provided in the project description (see Section 3.0). GCAP is also helping address some of these challenges through support for Abians company ltd by providing a drying platform and a warehouse. Abians operates within the scheme area and is one of the selected grantee farms which received support from GCAP under the matching grant scheme. Irrigation in the project area The irrigation schedule is managed within lateral blocks and between blocks, the schedule of rotation relies on gates being opened and closed with water delivered as per the water requirements of the whole block. Under a rotational system a farmer/irrigator receives his 8-day allocation in 12 or 24 hours and then his intake gates are closed and the water is delivered to another irrigation block or command area. In Section A and B, irrigation scheduling is based on a 3 – 4 day rotational cycle due to the poor state of the canals and canal infrastructure resulting in poor water distribution. The schedule is sometimes based on farmer demand and therefore very difficult to manage within the lateral unit. 4.3.4 Water Supply According to SODA, pipe-borne water and boreholes are the main sources of water in the district, accounting for 72% of the water supply in the district. Other main sources of water accounting for the remaining 28% include wells, the Volta River and the Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Canal. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 115 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA The main source of water for the Asutsuare community is pipe-borne water. Water is also sometimes fetched from the Volta River for other domestic uses. For the communities along the KIS canal, the canal provides an alternative source of water for domestic purposes when the standpipes are not flowing. Some of the villages within the scheme ( ie Kasunya , Klebuse etc.) depend entirely on the canals and the drainage lagoons as their main source of water. The water quality within the KIS has been discussed in Section 4.1.4. Water Supply in the Project Area The farmers carry drinking water from their homes to the farms since there is no source of potable water in the field. Some farmers also resort to the canals for drinking water. The canals are open and therefore susceptible to contamination from agrochemical application, animal droppings and general runoff. 4.3.5 Health and Sanitation The Shai Osudoku District has a district hospital located at Dodowa (district capital), 1 private hospital, 11 Community Heath Planning Services (CHPS) Zones, 7 CHPS compounds, 3 Health Centres, 1 private maternity home and 1 quasi-government clinic. The Asutsuare community has a clinic which is usually the first point of call to access health care services. Others also travel to Akuse for access to health care services at the Akuse Government Hospital Malaria is the major sickness recorded in the district. Other major diseases include acute respiratory infections, skin diseases, ulcer, hypertension, diarrhoea, rheumatism, joint pains and intestinal worm infestation. The farmers disclosed during consultations, that diseases and health conditions that mostly affect community members include malaria/fever, diarrhea, respiratory infections and skin diseases. According to the 2010 PHC, the majority of households (30%) in the district use public toilets, with 21% using pit latrines, whiles 8.9% use water closets and 8.2% use KVIP. Households that do not have access to any toilet facilities defecate in bushes and these form 31.2% of the households in the district. Solid waste disposal is mainly through burning by households which accounts for 34.6% of households, whiles 31.2% of households use the public dump (open space). Public dump (refuse container) is used by 13.5% of households for solid waste disposal, whiles 5.5% have their solid waste collected by waste management companies and 10.5% of households dump their solid waste indiscriminately. Some individual households within the Asutsuare Township have toilet facilities whiles others also depend on public toilets. The main form of solid waste disposal is by household burning. There are no places of convenience provided in the fields. Farmers are therefore compelled to defecate in the fields when they come to work. This could be a source of faeco-orally transmitted diseases. Waste management on the scheme Most farmers leave the pesticide containers in the field after using them partially due to the fact that there is no returning point for the containers within the scheme. Garbage (i.e. food wrappers, water sachets, paper etc.) generated is mostly left on the field or gathered by some and sent back home to be disposed off. Rice residue /left over straw on rice fields are also burned after harvesting. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 116 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 4.3.6 Tourism The tourist sites within the district include the Shai Hills Resource Reserve Dodowa Forest, Chenku falls and Adumanya Apiary which are between 30 km and 50 km from the project location. Wildlife viewing and hiking at the Shai Hills Resource Reserve and visits to a fetish shrine and the Chenku waterfalls in the Dodowa Forest, which is believed to be the battlefield between the Ashanti warriors and the British on 7th August 1826, attracts many tourists to the district. There are also a number of hotels and resorts in the district, with the prominent ones being the Forest Hotel and Marina Hotel at Dodowa, the district capital. The scheme area does not have any tourist sites, it is solely for agricultural purposes. 4.3.7 Culturally Sensitive Areas No culturally sensitive sites have been identified by the consultant. The proposed project area is an existing active irrigation scheme. In the unlikely event that there is a chance find, the procedure to follow will be as follows:  all construction activity in the area will cease immediately;  the find location will be recorded and necessary steps taken to secure/protect the area including fencing of the area;  the engineering consultant will inform GCAP to engage an archaeologist or the Ghana Museums and Monuments Board to assess the finding and determine measures to avoid damage to the cultural sites and resources and also determine appropriate place to relocate as well as means of relocation;  cultural resources uncovered during the project construction works will be handed over to the National Museums and Monuments Board for preservation or preservation of the site;  salvage excavation and relocation of artefacts or ruins from a cultural site will be undertaken in consultation with Museums and Monuments Board Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 117 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 5.0 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS Key stakeholders to the proposed Rehabilitation and Modernization Project have been consulted and these include some regulatory bodies, local government institutions, opinion leaders/farming executives and farmers, companies within the scheme and chiefs of the traditional area. As part of the consultations, SAL Consult attended monthly technical meetings held by GCAP. Stakeholder consultation is a process and would continue throughout project implementation. 5.1 Objectives The main objective of the consultations with stakeholders was to discuss the proposed project environmental and social implications and to identify alternatives for consideration. Specifically, the consultations sought to achieve the following objectives:  to provide information about the proposed project;  to provide opportunities for stakeholders to discuss their opinions and concerns;  to provide and discuss with stakeholders the alternatives considered to reduce anticipated impacts;  to identify and verify significance of environmental, social and health impacts; and  to inform the process of developing appropriate mitigation and management options. 5.2 Stakeholders Consulted Project proponents:  Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Ghana Commercial Agricultural Project (GCAP) Office;  Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA); and  Kpong Irrigation Scheme Management. Regulatory Agencies  Environmental Protection Agency;  Lands Commission; and  Ghana National Fire Service, District and Regional Office. Other Government institutions  District Agricultural Department, Shai Osudoku District (SODA);  District Health Directorate Shai Osudoku District (SODA), Dodowa;  Town and Country Planning Department, District Office;  Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research – Water Research Institute; and  Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research – Soil Research Institute. Traditional and Political Authority  Lower Manya Krobo District Assembly;  Shai Osudoku District Assembly, Dodowa; and  Osudoku Traditional Council. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 118 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Project Beneficiaries  Osudoku Agricultural Cooperative Society (OACS)/Farming Executives;  Farmers within the scheme;  Thai Farm Co.;  Golden Exotics Ltd; and  Abians Company Ltd. Project Communities/ Leaders The consultations involved representatives/opinion leaders from the following communities within the KIS catchment area. Communities that were consulted have been illustrated in Figure 5-1. and are as follows:  Kasunya Opinion Leaders;  Klebuse Community;  Dzogbedzi Community;  Nyapienya;  Akuse;  Asutsuare;  Volivo; and  Osuwem (outside of scheme area/Traditional Authority) Figure 5-1: Map of project area showing communities involved in consultations (SAL 2016) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 119 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 5.2.1 Education According to SODA, the educational facilities within the district as at 2015 comprise of 51 pre- schools (public), 53 primary schools (public), 38 public Junior High Schools (JHS), 7 Senior High Schools (SHS – consisting of 5 private and 2 public), 2 Integrated Community Centres for Employable Skills at Dodowa and Agomeda, Dipo Vocational School at Kordiabe and Secretarial and Accountancy School at Ayikuma. According to the 2010 PHC, of the 73,123 persons aged 3yrs and older who either were in school or have ever attended school in the district, 7.2% are in Nursery, 15.6% in Kindergarten, 49.8% in Primary School, 17.8% in JHS, 6.6% in SHS and 2.1% in Tertiary Institutions. Education within the Project Area There are 3 public primary and junior high schools, 2 private basic schools and 1 Senior High School within the Asutsuare area whereas in Kasunya, there are 2 primary and junior high schools. These also serve the neighbouring small communities within the district. 5.3 Outcome of Stakeholder Consultations SAL Consult Ltd has conducted series of consultations for the rehabilitation and modernization of the KIS site. Consultations were also conducted for the Preliminary Environmental Report (PER) for Abians Company Limited, a GCAP grantee farm within the KIS site. Summary of the consultations have been presented below. The list of stakeholders contacted and consulted, a summary of the outcome of the public consultations and stakeholder involvement process are provided in Table 5-1. Evidence of consultations with the various stakeholders/institutions have been attached as Annex 5. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 120 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 5-1: Summary of Stakeholder Consultations Stakeholder/ Contact Person Role Contact No. Date Concerns Raised/ Information Received Institution/ Location Project Implementers Ghana George Amoasah Environmental 0501510716 ongoing Provided relevant information and documents on project Commercial Safeguards implementation and environmental and social concerns including: Agriculture Specialist  the need for independent assessment of the project’s impacts to aid Project (GCAP) in decision making; Robert Abaane Social Safeguards  pollution prevention and remediation; Specialist  local content; and  stressed on “do no harm” and “do good” principle. KIS Management Mr Swatson Scheme Manager 15/06/2016  overview of project;  provided relevant documents and information on the general status of the irrigation scheme and impending plans underway for the rehabilitation. Regulatory Agencies Ghana National DO II Doris 0201333172 16/03/2016  GNFS has to inspect the project site. Based on the inspection, District Fire Service Lamptey what needs to be done will be spelt out; Commander (GNFS) – Shai  farmers need to be trained on fire safety and bush fires. The Osudoku District, inspection will determine the level of technical details to be Dodowa provided to the proponent;  the procedure for inspection involves informing the GNFS and a safety team will be sent to inspect the site;  inspection fee has to be paid. Other Government Agencies District Jonathan Nartey District Extension 0244895600 5/7/2016  training for farmers is done on an ad hoc basis by the Agricultural Officer department; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 121 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Department,  fertilizer used on the irrigation scheme by farmers is usually SODA unavailable and very costly and this affects farmers profit margins (Any response);  information was provided on disposal of chemical containers after use;  due to the fact that most machines have broken down, it slows down work and hence machinery is needed to facilitate cropping;  farmers should be supported financially to be able to produce on a larger scale. Town and Brain Cosam District Town 0243977997 16/03/2016  farming does not require permit; Country Planning Diand Planning Officer  a site plan has to be submitted to the TCPD office. The site plan Department will be required for plotting and imputing in the TCPD’s system; (TCPD) - Shai  the project sites are predominantly agricultural sites; Osudoku District,  there are other incoming projects in the district including agro- Dodowa based projects and non-agro based projects;  the Department is willing to lend support to the project. Water Research Dr Emmanuel Snr Research 0242729297 3/08/2016  excessive use of chemicals causes leaching and affects Institute (CSIR- Obeng Bekoe Scientist groundwater hence farmers need to be advised to prevent or WRI) reduce associated impacts;  chemical use can result in the eruption of new species in the area and hence baseline studies must be conducted;  provided relevant information on impacts of chemical use on water systems m, human health fauna and the atmosphere. Soil Research Prince Martin Research 0244933609 3/08/2016  expressed concerns on the decline in soil fertility over long Institute (CSIR – Gyegye Scientist periods and hence fertility amendment should be periodically SRI) considered by KIS for sustainability of the project;  provided information on effects of irrigation on soils. Political Authority Shai Osudoku Frederick Development 0209379286 5/7/2016  the Assembly is informally aware that there will be a District Assembly Asiamah Planning Officer rehabilitation of the KI.; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 122 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA  the proponent must officially inform the District Assembly of impending work. Following from this, GCAP and GIDA officially informed the Assembly about the upcoming works and followed- up with the introduction of the design and environmental consultants who were undertaking the feasibility studies. Representatives from the Assembly participated in all monthly design review meetings organized for stakeholders.  the implementers of the project must follow due procedure to ensure necessary documentation for the project is acquired;  a copy of the report (ESIA) will very much be appreciated by the Assembly;  the assembly welcomes the project and hopes that there will be more jobs for community members during construction and even after the project is completed;  currently, the assembly is in the process of establishing an engineered landfill site for the district (via phone call). Asutsuare Jonathan Kwabla Assembly man 0244404843 6/10/2016  the assemblyman expressed concerns on silted drains which in Electoral Area Theophilus Secretary 0243928139 effect cause flooding during the wet season. Families living in and (assembly Debrah around drainage areas have their homes and property completely member) submerged and would wish for the project to start as soon as possible;  disposal of waste water from the rice fields is a challenge for the farmers. The drains sometimes get chocked and flood the rice fields;  the choked drains is a health hazard;  the assembly man would like the timelines of the project to be adhered to allow farmers not lose their sources of livelihood due to the project delaying;  the project is completed, KIS must invest in farm machinery to aid farming and boost revenue; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 123 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA  what measures have been put in place to cater for the livelihood of farmers who solely depend on the irrigation scheme farming;  due to an influx of people, cost of living in the area has become quite high hence, this has affected marketing of products;  he suggested that chiefs of communities should collaborate with the assembly to draw and implement strategies to prevent social vices from increasing in the area;  some communities downstream of the rice farms, including Volivo and Adakope depend on the canal water for domestic use;  alternative sources of water, e.g. boreholes, should be provided for the communities downstream of the rice farms which depend on the canal water. Osudoku George Aaron 0244410896 10/10/2016  the chief and his sub chiefs welcomed the consultants and asked Traditional Amanor 0205683494 of our mission; Council  the chief acknowledged hearing of the project from members in the community but the traditional council had not been formally informed as a body. The consultant clarified that their presence Public Relations was to first formally informed them about the upcoming project Officer and to solicit their views on their interest, concerns and what they perceived as potential adverse project impacts on their people;  the chief would suggest that all consultants working on the project come together and do a presentation to brief the council on proceedings and progress;  the paramount chief is elated about the project coming into that area as livelihoods of community members will be improved. Community Concerns  the drains within the scheme link to other sources of water used for domestic purposes by some communities and must be analysed to ensure its safe for domestic use by downstream users as downstream users are complaining of the deteriorating quality of the water; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 124 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA  the paramount Chief would wish that impacts or effects of the project on communities’ way beyond the project are critically considered as they are most often the ones mainly affected in the long term. Project Beneficiaries OACS Charles Hombey 0243678509 5/7/2016  provided a brief summary of OACS origination, the executive General 0270678509 body and core activities that the society undertakes Secretary  provided an overview of regulations and guidelines guiding the OACS;  provides relevant information on current agronomic practices and water uses of farmers within the scheme;  he raised concerns and discusses some of the structures that need rehabilitation (i.e. destroyed earth lining of canals, broken gates, ineffective drainage system) to ensure the scheme functions effectively;  concerns on lack of good marketing strategies which results in huge losses of revenue annually;  raises concerns on the rehabilitation strategy as he is not certain what other jobs the farmers will do while the rehabilitation is ongoing but is generally happy that the project will bring an improvement to the scheme for farmers;  overview of new LI for the Water Users Association (WUA) and how this will be implemented and incorporated into the project. Farming N.S.K Tettey – OACS President 0243425232 10/10/2016  the executives had already had meetings with the project Executives Ekpa C1 Branch 0246699683 engineers, GCAP and KIS management and were well informed of William Noi Chairman 0540700693 proposed rehabilitation works and the WUA as the scheme Douglas Nartey C4 Branch management entity; Chairman  generally, executives expressed their delight about the rehabilitation and modernization project and were hopeful that farming will be enhanced to produce more yields; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 125 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA  concerns were raised on floods caused by choked drains within the area and members hoped that the rehabilitation work would begin in time to prevent further flooding;  most of the farmers’ sole livelihood is rice cultivation hence farmers concerns were based on what measures will be implemented for those whose farms will be affected by the works;  concerns were raised on how long the rehabilitation would last and what are the measures put in place for farmers while this is ongoing;  KIS Farmers have requested the construction of bridges across the grassed spillways and drains at the point of location of each of the Irish Crossings. The farmers concern is that they cannot access their fields during wet seasonal rains with several of the grassed waterways and drains rising to a depth of approximately two (2) metres;  all the executives had been given copies of the LI 2230 and were supposed to read and also educate members within their branches on the WUA. All concerns and clarifications are to be addressed and clarified by the engineering consultant where necessary. Golden Exotics Francois Soulard Quality Manager 0544314566 6/10/16  GEL is aware of the rehabilitation project; Ltd  GEL employs individuals from communities in and around the scheme and beyond (i.e. Kasunya, Asutsuare etc.);  the EHS Manager of GEL oversees to environmental issues relating to production and environmental management of the company’s resources;  GEL does not know where exactly the rehabilitation will cover hence cannot assess the extent of how they will be affected.  once this is known they will assess and put measures in place to ensure production still continues and is not affected. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 126 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Thai Farm Co. Mr Phini Hong Farm Operator 0548046286 6/10/16  owners of the company are happy about the impending project; Chan  would wish that drains and drainage channels are well rehabilitated to prevent floods;  concerns raised on poor marketing strategies and entreats the proponent to restructure and put in place better marketing strategies to reduce revenue losses. Abians Company George Obeng Operations 0244217378 16/07/17  the manager is happy about the impending project and hopes Ltd Manager that the rehabilitation will indeed bring more job opportunities in the area;  the company provides agro chemicals on sale for farmers, with the help of MOFA extension services, the farmers can be well educated on the chemicals they use to improve yields. Farmers Moses Guamah 0242887074 5/07/16  farmers are happy that the project is coming to help improve Hans Nartey 0570592273 their farming; Gabriel Agbesi 0543477368  they are aware of the project and what the rehabilitation will Christian 0246526261 entail; Fiawoyife Asutsuare  there have been various meetings with the engineering consultant and farmers to discuss the rehabilitation work in detail Dogbedzi and the WUA, give inputs and suggestions and also have their Kasunya concerns clarified based on work to be done;  there were concerns raised on how farmers’ livelihoods will be affected during the different phases of the rehabilitation;  the farmers complained of inadequate equipment which affects their planting and harvesting as well as high cost from hiring equipment. This significantly increases their capital and reduces their profit; during the wet season, many farms are inaccessible as a result of flooding resulting from poor drainage. The environmental consultants were taken to some of the dilapidated sections of the canals that needed urgent attention;  chemicals used on farms are bought directly from chemical/fertilizer sellers; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 127 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA  most farmers do not wear the appropriate apparel during agrochemical application. There were complaints that the apparel was very costly and hence most could not afford;  there is no potable water supply and hence individuals bring their own potable water alongside food from their homes;  JICA and some NGOs provide farmers with training and demonstrations on growing improved varieties of crops and better farming practices for higher crop yields;  the KIS management is understaffed hence the present staff cannot serve all the needs of farmers at different sections of the scheme often causing delays i.e. opening and closing gates for water access. Community Concerns  during the rainy season, the areas around the lagoons and grassed spillways get flooded posing a threat to people living around the area;  the environmental consultants were taken round the flood prone areas and were shown, houses and farms affected by the floods;  apart from the canal and the lagoons within the scheme, there is no other source of drinking water for the communities. Community members would wish for an alternative source of potable drinking water. Selected Francis Guamah Outgrower 0243350758 16/03/2016  the selected outgrowers expect to gain technical and financial Outgrower assistance as well as capacity building from the project; (project  personal protective equipment; mainly coveralls, goggles, nose beneficiary) masks, wellington boots and hand gloves should be provided for the outgrowers;  the rice to be produced under the project should be sold under a brand name. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 128 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Kasunya Nene Narh Yobo Divisional Chief 0246015973 2/08/2017  there was an introduction and exchange of pleasantries between Community Otutoto of Kasunya the opinion leaders and the SAL team followed by a brief overview Akakposu V of the project and reason for the visit;  the chief and elders are very happy about the impending project and however commented that the drains from the irrigation scheme have been channeled into the Kasu lagoon. This has affected the quality of the water which has resulted in many diseases;  the elders are appealing for amenities such as potable drinking water, a hospital/clinic;  the canal system has not been rehabilitated since it was constructed hence the drains are choked and farming has become unprofitable;  the farm roads are in a bad state and become unmotorable when it rains;  there used to be a variety of fish in the Kasu lagoon, however catch has dwindled due to the depreciating water quality;  the opinion leaders appeal for extension officers to assist farmers with their farming;  the chief emphasized that the drains empty into the Volta River and rehabilitation work should factor the entire stretch to prevent future problems as has happened with the Kasu lagoon;  during the rainy season the areas surrounding the lagoon gets flooded and affects people’s houses and farms. For Blocks 7, 5, 6 for 2 years the floods have made it impossible to farm in these areas;  the consultant emphasized that rehabilitation work will improve this situation as the lagoon is presently silted and full of aquatic weeds;  it was suggested that a mesh should be fitted at the outlet of the Kasu lagoon to prevent the fish from swimming out.  the population of Dzobedzi and Klebuse is about 700 people. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 129 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Klebuse Nene Korsi Sub – Chief 0543477360 2/08/2017  the SAL team gave brief overview of the project and purpose of Community Agblegbeh II Osudoku the visit;  members mentioned that GEL has an aerodrome that sprays chemicals frequently and this is causing harm to surrounding communities;  the consultant responded that it was a good issue that had been raised and it was necessary to do the ESIA for the company and identify impacts and necessary mitigation measures assessed by the proponents and relevant stakeholders;  the design for the main canal behind Klebuse should be improvised to enable easy access to other communities just beyond the canal;  apart from the canal and the Klebwe lagoon they do not have any other source of drinking water and community members would wish for an alternative source of potable drinking water;  the closest schools the children can attend is either in Kasunya or Adakope and inhabitants would wish for a school that is within the community to prevent the children going long distances;  concerns were raised on what will happen to the livelihoods of community members when the canal is closed for rehabilitation and they are appealing that provision is made for them during that period;  there are a lot of mosquitoes and hence rampant cases of malaria affecting inhabitants;  the consultant responded that removal of weeds may decrease mosquito infestations as well as malaria control programmes, periodic spraying and general clean environments;  due to the swampy nature of the area, the community lacks good toilet facilities and appeals for a suitable community toilet. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 130 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 5.3.1 Key Issues from Consultation The key issues raised during the stakeholder consultation and the responses on how the issue will be addressed are presented in Table 5-3. Table 5-3: Summary of Key Issues of concern and responses Key issues of concern Response Livelihood Concerns The project will be conducted in sections, Will the scheme be totally closed for the rehabilitation and and hence farmers can still grow their rice modernization work? /crops. The project designs have incorporated active construction phase bypasses for water delivery to farming plots, this should allow farming to minimize impacts on farmers completely losing their sources of livelihood. Canal Design to incorporate bridges for easy access The design consultant has proposed Farmers concern is that they cannot access their fields during construction of foot bridges in affected wet seasonal rains as several of the grassed waterways and areas to allow farmers access their farms drains rising to a depth of approximately two (2) metres. They during the rainy season. These will ensure are therefore requesting the construction of bridges across access and safety of users moving to and the grassed spillways and drains at the point of location of from their farms each of the Irish Crossings. Water Quality deterioration The project’s fund is mainly for the The drainage lagoons serve as the only source of water for rehabilitation and modernisation of the KIS. Kasunya, Dzogbedzi and Klebuse within the scheme area. The However, depending on the cost of the community’s do not have any source of potable water and works, GCAP may be able to provide some hence depend on the canals and the lagoons for water. social amenities or engage the District Concerns were raised by community members that Assembly to fund these amenities which construction works will affect their water sources used for may include provision of potable water and drinking and domestic purposes. Community members were public places of convenience for affected also concerned that the rehabilitation of the drainage system communities. As a safeguard measure, will allow more agrochemicals into the lagoons and hence will GCAP has included the provisions of 2 not be safe for use. The poor quality of the water has resulted number 10-seater latrines and potable in diseases. They are appealing for the provision of potable water for some affected communities. The water and public places of convenience. This will help land for construction of such facilities will improve sanitation and health within the. have to be donated by the community chiefs. Project Timelines The implementation schedule for the What are the project timelines so that farmers may also plan rehabilitation and modernisation of KIS will ahead? be communicated to stakeholders including project communities in due course. Effects of irrigation drainage emptying into lagoons and the Volta river Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 131 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA The chiefs emphasized that the drains empty into the Volta The entire drainage system of KIS will be River and rehabilitation work should factor the entire stretch rehabilitated as part of the project, including downstream users, to prevent future problems including the lagoons and beyond. such as water borne diseases, lack of fish catch, water pollution etc. as has happened with the Kasu, Klebu and other lagoons within the scheme. 5.4 Scoping Notice Publication and Public Involvement The EPA indicated in its response to the project registration that a scoping notice be published in one of the national dailies as part of the public involvement process for the ESIA. The scoping notice was published in the Daily Graphic of Thursday, 25th August 2016. A copy of the publication is provided in Annex 6. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 132 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 6.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION The identified potential environmental and social issues and impacts have been discussed based on the nature of the project, project area of influence, field inspections and observations, concerns from stakeholder consultations and issues from relevant literature search. 6.1 Project Area of Influence The project areas to be influenced have been grouped under:  geographical;  environmental;  socio-economic;  community level; and  institutional/ organizational. 6.1.1 Geographical Area of Influence The immediate geographical area of influence is the proposed 3,000 ha of land to be rehabilitated under the KIS in Asutsuare. The ESIA study also covered the land area covered by the communities in the project area. The larger geographical area of influence is the Lower Manya Krobo and Shai Osudoku Districts of the Eastern and Greater Accra Regions of Ghana, respectively. 6.1.2 Environmental Media Influence The physical environmental media to be potentially influenced by the activities of the proposed rehabilitation project are land (landscape); air quality; the Volta River and its tributary, the four (4) drainage lagoons (Kasu, Klebwe, Lupu & Nyapie) and groundwater. The landscape features include soil, flora and fauna at the project site which will be impacted by the project activities. The Volta River from the Kpong Dam will serve as the source of water for irrigation and also the recipient of runoff water from the project site. Any percolation of agrochemicals through the soil may also have impacts on groundwater resources. Air quality may also be impacted by dust and gaseous emissions from equipment and machinery used on the project site. 6.1.3 Socio- economic Influence of the Project The project area already provides employment opportunities for people. It is anticipated that after the successful implementation of the project, the scheme will be fully functional and greatly increase the potential for employment opportunities, income levels and economic wellbeing, infrastructure, i.e. roads, education, and health. This will greatly impact on the socio-economic status of local farmers who will participate in the irrigation scheme, the Shai Osudoku and Lower Manya Krobo Districts and the nation as a whole. 6.1.4 Community Influence and Vulnerable Groups The implementation of the proposed project could have an impact on neighbouring communities. The local communities of concern include Klebuse and Kasunya, which are located Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 133 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA within the scheme, as well as Akuse, Asutsuare, Amedika, Volivo, Duffor and Nyapienya which are on the boundary of the scheme. Vulnerable Groups Vulnerable groups are those at risk of becoming worse off due to the proposed project. Vulnerable people include, but not limited to:  physically challenged farmers;  aged farmers, usually from 60 years and above;  widows and female farmers in general; and  tribal or religious minorities. 6.1.5 Institutional Influence The major institutions to be influenced or involved in the proposed project include:  Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project (GCAP);  Ghana Irrigation Development Authority;  Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources;  Water Resources Commission;  Environmental Protection Agency;  Ghana National Fire Service;  Department of Factories Inspectorate;  Lower Manya District Assembly;  Shai- Osudoku District Assembly; and  Osudoku Traditional Council. 6.2 Project Activities of Environmental and Social Concern 6.2.1 Planning Phase Activities Planning phase activities are grouped into two (2) as follows: a) Pre-Construction Phase:  survey work and feasibility studies;  stakeholder consultations;  engineering design;  tender preparation and procurement of works/contract award; and  statutory permitting activities from EPA. b) Pre-Agricultural Development and Operational Phase:  scheme organization and management system setup. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 134 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 6.2.2 Rehabilitation and Constructional Phase Activities I&D Infrastructure The Rehabilitation and modernization of the I&D infrastructure will include:  site offices and work camp construction;  transportation of materials and equipment to and from the site;  removal of very thick vegetation from the channels and banks of the canals and drains;  excavation and Rehabilitation of drainage systems;  reshaping canals to the original design and concrete lining,  excavation and rehabilitation of irrigation water intake canals;  piping of lateral and sub – lateral canals and auto cleaning of the intake trash rack;  removal of thick vegetation and alignment of night storage reservoirs;  refurbishing of relift pumping station and Old Pumping Station  construction and rehabilitation of access roads;  replacement of worn out equipment;  installation of new equipment and infrastructure;  automation of water level control by the regulator gates on the main canal. Branch canal intake gates will have auto flow measurements;  creation of cattle watering points within the scheme;  creation of water collection / washing steps for the adjacent communities;  disposal of construction spoil and waste in general; and  decommissioning of work camps. Drainage System The rehabilitation of the drainage system will include:  clearing all drainage channels and drainage lagoons (i.e. Kasu, Klebwe, Lupu and Nyapia), creeks and the Lukwe River of all vegetation growing within the drains, on the banks (slopes of the banks) and inside the drain cross section boundary;  realignment of the Lomen and Lanor creek (9km) cross sections to improve hydraulic flow and prevent erosion. Desilting and clearing all vegetative cover from the creek cross- sections;  upgrading of In-field roads and roads along grass spillways with subbase and surface material;  excavation and desilting of grass waterways. 6.2.3 Operational and Maintenance Phase Activities Irrigation Scheme operational and maintenance phase activities include:  canal rehabilitation, maintenance and management;  farmland/ plot development;  sowing / planting;  weed control;  water distribution and system maintenance;  fertilizer and/or manure application;  harvesting of produce;  transport of farm inputs and produce;  rice processing (threshing, winnowing, drying, milling and bagging); Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 135 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA  storage of produce;  maintenance of machinery and equipment;  materials management and storage (including agrochemicals, fertilizers, tools, etc.);  project office management and security;  waste management (including farm and office waste); and  marketing. 6.3 Criteria of Impact Evaluation This section defines the terminologies used to assess the significance of impacts that may result from the modernization and rehabilitation of the KIS. It outlines general assessment methods and presents the criteria for determining receptor sensitivity, impact magnitude and impact significance 6.3.1 Duration of the Impact  A temporary impact can last days, weeks or months, but must be associated to the notion of reversibility.  A permanent impact is often irreversible. It is observed permanently or may last for a very long term. 6.3.2 Extent of the Impact  The extent is regional if an impact on a component is felt over a vast territory or affects a large portion of its population.  The extent is local if the impact is felt on a limited portion of the zone of study or by a small group of its population.  The extent is site-specific if the impact is felt in a small and well-defined space or by only some individuals. 6.3.3 Intensity of the Impact  The intensity of an impact is qualified as strong when it is linked to very significant modifications of a component.  An impact is considered of average intensity when it generates perceptible disturbance in the use of a component or of its characteristics, but not in a way to reduce them completely and irreversible.  A weak intensity is associated with an impact generating only weak modifications to the component considered, without putting at risk some its utilization or its characteristics. 6.3.4 Impacts Severity Once magnitude of impact and sensitivity of a receptor have been characterized, the significance can be determined for each impact. The impact significance rating was determined, using the matrix provided in Table 6-1. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 136 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 6-1: Assessment of sensitivity Sensitivity / Vulnerablity of Resource / Receptor Low Medium High Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Magnitude of Impact Small Negligible Minor Moderate Medium Minor Moderate Major Large Moderate Major Major  Major Impact: An impact of major significance, hereafter referred to as a ‘major impact’ is one where an accepted limit or standard may be exceeded, or large magnitude impacts occur to highly valued/sensitive resource/receptors. Repercussions on the environment are very strong and cannot easily be reduced.  Moderate Impact: An impact of moderate significance hereafter referred to as a ‘moderate impact’, will be within accepted limits and standards. Moderate impacts may cover a broad range, from a threshold below which the impact is minor, up to a level that might be just short of breaching an established (legal) limit. Repercussions on the environment are substantial but can be reduced through specific measures.  Minor Impact: An impact of minor significance, hereafter referred to as a ‘minor impact’ is one where an effect will be experienced, but the impact magnitude is sufficiently small and well within accepted standards, and/or the receptor is of low sensitivity/value. Repercussions on the environment are significant but subdued and may or may not require the application of mitigation measures. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 137 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 6.4 Evaluation of Potential Positive Impacts The potential positive impacts of the proposed Rehabilitation and Modernization of the Kpong Irrigation Scheme are listed below and evaluated in Table 6-1:  improved crop productivity of farmers;  employment generation during rehabilitation, farm operations and maintenance phases;  enhanced income and livelihoods of farmers;  increased food production and food security in the district and the country at large;  improvement in the revenue base of key institutions and regulatory bodies; and  improvement in the local and national economy. Table 6-2: Evaluation of potential positive impacts. No. Impact Key Evaluation Significance receptor(s) The proposed project will result in the engagement of skilled and unskilled labour for the planning, construction, operation, maintenance phases of the project. It is estimated that not less than 20 key staff will be deployed by the contractor on full time basis for the construction period of 18 months. Additionally, more than 600 temporary staff including truck drivers and their assistants as well as labourers mainly from the project fringe communities will be engaged. Community members, 1. Employment The irrigation scheme will provide employment for people from Major generation the scheme management staff, smallholder other farmers who will be allocated lands for farming at communities the project site and workers who will be engaged by the medium and large scale enterprises The project will therefore have a major positive impact on the socioeconomic conditions of the local communities in and around the project area (Klebuse and Kasunya, Akuse, Kortorkor, Asutsuare, Amedeka, Volivo, Duffor and Nyapienya) as a whole through the creation of permanent and temporary direct jobs as well as indirect jobs. The magnitude is large and the sensitivity is high. Improved Improved scheme management will ensure the crop Community sustainable operation of the scheme and enable 2. Major productivity members farmers plant all year round and avoid losses of farmers during periods of low rain fall and drought. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 138 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Significance receptor(s) The provision of technical advice on the appropriate cropping pattern/calendar, the types and areas to be cropped based on water outflow from the dam / irrigation outlet discharge will assist farmers to significantly increase the yields. The establishment of channel management offices and their set up /organization, repair shops will significantly improve the sustainability of the scheme. Capacity building for farmers and transfer of knowledge will help them better manage their farms and boost productivity. Improved methods of crop production and less dependence of rainfall will reduce production losses. Provision of warehousing and rehabilitation of farm access/inspection roads will also reduce post- harvest losses by farmers. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high. The incomes and livelihoods of the participating farmers will be enhanced through the following:  all year-round cropping will ensure farmers have reliable source of income;  reduction in investment losses by farmers;  efficient and effective scheme management unit will ensure ready market for farmers; Enhanced  increased crop productivity of farmers will income and Community boost their incomes and livelihoods; 3.  women will participate in the project will also Major livelihood of members farmers. earn some income to support their families. The implementation of the project will inspire commercial activity in the project area and also provide direct and indirect jobs. The impact on outgrowers and other workers’ incomes and livelihoods will be major and permanent. The magnitude is large and the sensitivity is high. Increased The proposed rehabilitation and modernization food Local and works will rehabilitate and modernize the existing 4. production national irrigation scheme to have a fully functioning Major and food economies irrigable area of 3,000 ha. security Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 139 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Significance receptor(s) The improved methods of water management, crop production, irrigation and use of high quality and improved seed varieties will increase food production in the project area and the country as a whole. It is also expected that the improved access roads, transport and storage facilities will significantly reduce post-harvest losses of farmers on the project. The impact will be major and of regional extent. The magnitude is large and the sensitivity is high Revenue will accrue to traditional authorities and regulatory institutions through the payment of royalties and regulatory fees and levies. The impact will be permanent, lasting throughout the duration of the project. GIDA will derive a substantial revenue from the scheme through land leases. Other public Improvement institutions such as the Water Resources in revenue Commission (WRC) and the Environmental Local and Protection Agency (EPA) will respectively derive base of national revenue through acquisition and renewal of water Major 5. institutions institutions abstraction and environmental permits. The WRC and and economy will additionally earn revenue from payment of regulatory bodies. water abstraction charges. The Shai-Osudoku and Lower Manya Krobo District Assemblies, within whose jurisdiction the scheme falls, will also earn revenue through taxation and issuance of essential permits e.g. building permits for offices. The impact will be permanent, lasting throughout the duration of the project. The magnitude is large and the sensitivity is medium The local and national economy will be boosted through the following: Neighbouring  direct and indirect job creation; Improvement communities,  increased income for workers; in local and 6. district and  increased in business activities in the Major national communities; national economy economy  increased food production will reduce food cost;  payment of taxes will improve the revenue base of the economy. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 140 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Significance receptor(s) On the national front, the expected increment food productivity can contribute to reducing the nation’s food importation bill. The impact will be regional and permanent, lasting throughout the duration of the project. The magnitude is large and the sensitivity is high The proposed project will enable farmers adapt to the effects of climate change as it is a more resilient option compared to rain-fed agriculture due to the availability of water all year round for farming. Increased Climate Lower Volta 7. Groundwater resources could also be improved Major change Basin through managed aquifer recharge, i.e. enhancing adaptation recharge of aquifers through infiltration from the scheme and reservoir. The sensitivity is magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high 6.5 Evaluation of Potential Adverse Impacts Associated with Planning Phase Activities The adverse environmental and social issues which could possibly arise from the planning phase activities, may include the following. These have been evaluated in Table 6-2.  disturbance of flora and fauna;  occupational health & safety issues; and  land use rights. Table 6-3: Evaluation of adverse planning phase impacts S\N Impact Key Preliminary Evaluation Impact No. receptor(s) Significance Movement of personnel and vehicles during feasibility studies may result in trampling of flora and disturbance of fauna in their natural habitat. Disturbance Collection of soil samples for analysis may result in Flora, 1. of flora and removal of some fauna and death of some soil Minor fauna, soil fauna dwelling invertebrates. Impact is of local extent and temporary, lasting for a few days during the planning phase activity. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is low. Workers may be exposed to injury from machines Occupational and equipment as well as bites from dangerous 2. health & Workers Minor reptiles and other animals such as snakes, scorpions, safety bees, ants, etc. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 141 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA S\N Impact Key Preliminary Evaluation Impact No. receptor(s) Significance This effect can be prevented or minimized through the use of appropriate personal and protective equipment such as safety boots and gloves. The impact is temporary lasting during planning phase activities. The magnitude is small and the sensitivity is medium. The land for the project is owned by the Government of Ghana (GoG) and given in leases to the farmers. In field roads and opening of access roads (up to about 5m) which were initially existing but have Land Use 3. Farmers become defunct over time may take up small Minor Rights portions of farmlands. This will improve access to and from the farms. This has been discussed with farmers during monthly technical stakeholders’ meetings and they have agreed to this decision. The magnitude is small and the sensitivity is medium. 6.6 Evaluation of Potential Adverse Rehabilitation and Constructional Phase Impacts The potential negative environmental and social impacts associated with constructional phase activities are discussed with respect to impacts related to construction and rehabilitations for the proposed project. The general constructional phase impacts are listed below and evaluated in Table 6-3:  loss of vegetation and impacts on flora and fauna;  air quality deterioration;  vibration & noise nuisance;  soil impacts and sediment transport;  generation and disposal of solid waste;  occupation health & safety;  road impacts & traffic issues;  public safety;  influx of workers and migrants;  obstruction of access ways to communities;  sanitation issues and public health;  impacts on livelihood;  visual intrusion;  impacts on natural habitats; and  impacts on Physical Cultural Resources. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 142 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 6-4: Evaluation of potential adverse constructional phase impacts No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance 1. Loss of Flora, fauna, The rehabilitation works involves clearing of Moderate vegetation soil about 394 ha of vegetation (aquatic weeds, and impacts shrubs, grass trees) from the canals and on flora and drains prior to the commencement of the fauna civil works and earthworks. The vegetation at the project site is mainly farm regrowth as the area is used for farming. Field studies have shown the vegetation to be lost is common in the project area and no critical species have been found at the proposed project site. The project will not result in the loss of any species of conservation value. Disturbed fauna can migrate to nearby bushes. Impact is limited to project site and of local extent. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is medium. 2. Air quality Air, workers, Emission of dust from movement on untarred Moderate deterioration communities surfaces during land preparation, movement along haulage of vehicles as well as vehicular emissions routes from heavy machinery may result in the increase of airborne particulates affecting the air quality. Haulage of stones and boulders from the proposed quarry sites to the project site will have minimal impact on communities such as Akuse and Asutsuare, along the route as the road is tarred. However, within the project area the road is untarred, movement of these trucks carrying materials to work yards and active construction sites will generate dust which may impact on communities such as Klebuse, Dogbedzi and Nyapienya. The impact cannot be avoided, it can however be managed through regular wetting of the road surface and/or application of biodegradable dust wrapping materials. No permanent air emission sources will be created by the project construction. The Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 143 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance impact is temporary and intermittent, lasting during the constructional phase activities. The magnitude is small and the sensitivity is high. 3. Vibration & Air, fauna, Likely sources of noise will be from the Moderate Noise workers, movement and operation of machines, trucks nuisance communities and equipment. The operation of heavy along haulage construction equipment may also result in routes, minor vibrations at the immediate project project site under construction. communities The likely sources of noise during the constructional phase will be through the movement and operation of machines, trucks and equipment. The movement of haulage trucks from quarry sites through Doryumu and Asutsuare junctions, Okwenya and Akuse may increase noise levels intermittently in those communities. Noise levels from the movement of vehicles over access roads, measured at a distance of 10 m, typically range between 77dBA and 83 dBA (BS 5228- 1:2009). This is expected to further reduce by 6dBA at distance of about 20m. The impact is temporary, experienced during the active hours of the construction activities. The magnitude is small and the sensitivity is high 4. Soil impacts Soil, water Excavation, vegetation clearance, levelling Moderate and sediment bodies, air and other ground works including widening transport of access roads to about 5m, will expose and loosen the soil making it susceptible to erosion and dust generation. Transported soil sediments by air and water may end up in the lagoons i.e. Kasu, Klebu, Lupu and Nyapia, used by community members and ultimately into the Volta River. The oil spills from dispensing fuel during maintenance of vehicles and equipment could result in contamination of soil and soil sediments transported by runoff resulting. The use of heavy machinery will result in soil compaction in portions of the project site. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 144 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance The impact is temporary lasting during the construction work activities. Impact cannot be avoided and requires management. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is medium 5. Generation Soil, water Large quantities of vegetative material and Major and disposal bodies excavated soils/silt (about 352,470 m3) will of solid waste form the bulk of waste generated from rehabilitation work. Servicing and maintenance of machinery and equipment and installation works may also generate waste such as scrap metal, empty lubricant containers, rubber seals, etc. Poor housekeeping at work camps during construction work may also generate waste such as used polythene bags, food waste, used water bottles and sachets, etc. The impact is of local extent and temporal, lasting during the planning and constructional phase. The magnitude is large and the sensitivity is high 6. Occupational Workers Workers will be exposed to noise, dust and Moderate health & vibrations especially without the use of safety appropriate PPEs. There is a high risk of accidents and injury from the use of machinery and equipment if safety procedures are not adhered to.  Risk of falling into existing canals;  Workers will be exposed to attack or bites from snakes, scorpions and insects within the site;  Risk of accidents from the materials management at the construction yards, including accidents from poorly managed workspace and fire from fuel storage facilities. This impact is temporary, lasting during the constructional phase. The magnitude is small and the sensitivity is high. 7. Road impacts Road The road from the quarry sites at Shai Hills to Major & traffic network, Asutsuare (N2) is an asphalt road and in good issues communities condition to contain the movement of the Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 145 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance along haulage haulage trucks. However, sections of the road, project access road leading to the project site, is in a communities bad state and may be worsened by the frequent movement of haulage trucks transporting stones and boulders to the project site. The section of the N2 highway from the quarry sites at Shai Hills to Asutsuare junction is a low traffic volume road with average daily traffic of 3,968 (JICA, 2013) at Asutsuare junction. It is expected that, in the worst-case scenario, the construction phase will require the transportation about 70 truckloads of materials per day (both inbound and outbound) for the 18 months duration of the construction works using 20 m3 capacity trucks. The increased traffic though significant is not expected to hinder road traffic on the road. The road to the project site has low traffic volume, which is typical of rural setting and can accommodate the movement of haulage trucks to the project site. It must however be noted that all materials for filling will be obtained in-situ and from nearby borrow pits while stone aggregates for concrete works will however be transported from the quarry sites at Shai Hills. Any unattended mechanical breakdown of such cargo trucks on the roads can induce traffic and serious accidents. Any traffic impacts will be of moderate intensity. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high. 8. Public Safety Public Project communities may be at risk from the Major movement of trucks/vehicles and other machinery, as well as unsecured excavations (i.e. canals, laterals and drains). This is particularly critical for children in the Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 146 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance Klebuse, Kasunya and other communities along the haulage routes. The transportation of construction materials and the movement of heavy equipment to the project site, as well as the transport of waste from the site, may pose risks to inhabitants/communities along the Asutsuare and Akuse Junction. Improperly covered trenches may result in stagnant water and breed mosquitoes. This impact is temporary, lasting during the constructional phase. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high. 9. Influx of Workers, Construction activities may result in the Major workers and public movement of workers to the project area and migrants people from other communities in search of job opportunities. Influx of people during the construction period may promote irresponsible sexual behaviour which could lead to teenage pregnancies HIV/AIDS and other STD infections. The impact may be permanent or irreversible in nature. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high 10. Obstruction Community The road network within the scheme serves Moderate of access ways members as access roads to some of the communities to in the project area, such as Kasunya and communities Klebuse. Construction works at the project may render portions of the roads and existing footpaths inaccessible, temporarily closed or unmotorable during the constructional phase. Alternatives routes will have to be provided for use by commuters/motorists. This may create inconvenience and increase travel time to and from the communities. The impact is temporary, lasting during the constructional phase. The magnitude is small and the sensitivity is high Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 147 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance 11. Sanitation Land, water Poorly managed construction site camps and Major issues and bodies and indiscriminate disposal of waste will create public health local unsightly conditions. Open defecation may residents and be promoted if adequate toilet facilities are construction not provided at camps and the project site during construction. Improperly covered workers trenches may result in stagnant water and breed mosquitoes. Faecal matter from open defecation by construction workers, and transported soil sediments by air and water may end up in nearby water bodies and ultimately the Volta River, thus affecting the water quality. The lagoons/canals also serve as sources of water for drinking and domestic use, construction works in the canals will muddy the waters as well as introduce silt and cement into lagoons which will deteriorate the water quality. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high 12. Impacts on Farmers, The main source of livelihood for farmers Major livelihood Public within the KIS is irrigation farming (mainly rice). Many of these farmers are from Asutsuare, Akuse and other communities in and around the scheme. Livelihoods may be disrupted for the duration of the construction/rehabilitation period if the scheme is entirely closed. Construction work may be implemented in sections to prevent total loss of livelihood. The rehabilitation work will result in sections of the canal being closed for work to be effective, this is likely to affect water availability from the canal for farming as well as access to land. The project designs have incorporated a pump bypass to and from the canals during rehabilitation works to enhance continuous availability of water to farmers. The magnitude is large and the sensitivity is high Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 148 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance 13. Visual Landscape, The construction activities will result in Minor Intrusion communities alterations in the landscape character and along haulage features. routes, project Poor housekeeping practices and the communities presence of heavy machinery during the construction phase may reduce the aesthetic value of the area and prove to be visually intrusive to neighbouring villages. The impact is therefore temporary and will not last beyond the construction stage. The project will therefore not be an entirely new feature at the project site as there is already an existing canal system to be rehabilitated and modernized. Hence the change in landscape features and view of the public will be temporary and of minimal impact. The magnitude is small and the sensitivity is medium 14. Impacts on Fauna / No critical natural habitats will be adversely Minor Natural Habits Wildlife affected during the construction works for the rehabilitation of the scheme The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is low 15. Impacts on Local No objects, sites, structures, groups of Minor Physical Communities structures, and natural features and Cultural landscapes that have archaeological, Resources paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance have been identified within the scheme The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is low 6.7 Evaluation of Irrigation Scheme Operational and Maintenance Phase Impacts The potential adverse impacts related to the operational and maintenance phase of the proposed rehabilitation project are stated below and evaluated in Table 6-4.  soil quality degradation;  impact from water abstraction;  pollution of water sources; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 149 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA  impacts from air emissions;  noise and vibration;  water quality impacts;  impacts of waste generation and disposal;  occupational health and safety;  sanitation issues and public health;  conflicts over land and water use and plot allocation;  fire risk;  pest and rodent infestation;  post-harvest losses;  impact on nearby communities; and  sustainability of the farming venture. Table 6-5: Evaluation of Adverse Scheme Operational and Maintenance Phase impacts. No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance Soil quality degradation may result from the following:  continuous use of agrochemicals and fertilizers may result in the death of soil fauna and also cause soil pollution;  continuous application of ammonium-based inorganic fertilizers may result in soil acidification;  land preparation, tilling and other physical Soil quality Soil, fauna, farming practices may result in the death of soil 1 degradation water fauna; Major bodies  loosened and exposed soils will be susceptible to water and wind erosion;  soil compaction in areas of the land under continuous use of heavy machinery;  continuous tilling of the soil, hard pan formation, erosion and effects on soil fauna may adversely affect the soil structure. The impact is local but will last through the life span of the project and may have lasting effects of the soil. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high  erosion from farmlands may result in the transport of soil sediments into canals which may further travel into the drains and lagoons used by communities e.g. Kasu and Klebwe lagoons and Pollution of Water, aquatic life, ultimately the Volta River; 2 water Major Public  pollution of surface water sources through the sources transport of agrochemicals in runoff and waste water;  eutrophication of surrounding water bodies through transport of nutrient rich sediments; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 150 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance  the use of chemicals i.e. fertilizers, weedicides etc. which enter the water bodies through runoff may decrease the quality of the water overtime;  possible pollution of groundwater through the percolation of agrochemicals through the soil;.  impacts may occur throughout the lifespan of the project. The magnitude is large and the sensitivity is high The irrigation potential of the flood plains of the Lower Volta River have been explored since 1961. Provisions were therefore made for outlets in both left and right wing embankments of the Kpong Dam for irrigation of areas downstream of the Dam. Each Impact from outlet has a capacity of about 7.2 m3/s at the “Normal 3. water Kpong Dam Low Level” Kpong Dam generation operation level of Minor abstraction 14.60m. Water abstraction by the project will therefore not compromise hydropower generation by the Kpong Dam, and the Dam’s operations in general. The magnitude is small and the sensitivity is medium. Likely sources of air emissions will be land preparation works for subsequent planting and movement of vehicles on untarred surfaces which will result in the increase of airborne particulates, affecting the air quality in the immediate surroundings. Emissions and fumes from machinery and equipment, and harvesting with combine harvesters may also temporarily affect the air quality. Crop processing activities, mainly rice milling (if introduced at the project site), may be the main Air, Impact from sources of air emissions resulting from increased Minor 4 workers, air emissions particulate matter in the air. Air quality public measurements for a rice milling site reported in the EIS for Abians Company Ltd, recorded total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter (PM10) emissions of 185 µgm-3 and 27 µgm-3 respectively, which are within EPA’s guideline values (see Annex 7). The rice mill for Abians Company Ltd is located within the scheme and is representative of a typical rice mill for the current scheme. Burning, which would have resulted in emission of combustion by-products, will not be utilized for the Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 151 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance proposed project. GCAP prohibits burning and will ensure the selected Scheme Management Entity enforces this directive on the various farms. Any impacts from air emissions is therefore likely to be within EPA’s acceptable limits. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is low The main sources of noise at the project site will be from crop processing activities, mainly rice milling operations, if introduced at the project site. Noise level measurements for a rice milling site reported in the EIS for Abians Company Ltd, recorded ambient noise levels in the immediate environs of the mill as 56.9dBA, which is within EPA’s guideline values of 70dBA (see Annex 7). The rice mill is located within the irrigation scheme and is representative of a Noise and Air, fauna, typical rice mill for the current scheme. 5 Minor vibration workers, Other likely sources of noise in the immediate project area will be through the use of machines and equipment and the movement of vehicles. No major heavy machinery and equipment will be used during the operational phase which will result in major vibrations. Any impact will be of weak intensity and of local extent as the communities are not close to the area. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is low Improper use of pesticides during farming may contaminate underlying groundwater and move along ground water paths to surface water over a period of time. This may result in health impacts and Community alteration of aquatic life as a large range of members agrochemicals are toxic. Impacts on 6 downstrea Major water quality m Data on groundwater pollution in developing users, soil countries, resulting from excess chemical input and irrigation, is not well documented, but it is likely to show an increasing trend as irrigated agriculture worldwide becomes more intensively managed. The magnitude ia large and the sensitivity is high Waste Periodic vegetation removal, occasional de-silted Soil, water 7. generation materials from canals/drains, farm produce waste, Major bodies and disposal used agro-chemical containers, used fertilizer bags Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 152 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance etc. are the main waste to be generated on the farms during the operational phase. Servicing and maintenance of machinery and equipment may also generate waste such as scrap metal, empty lubricant containers, waste lubricants, rubber seals, etc. Domestic/office wastes such as used polythene bags, food wastes, food wrappers, used water sachets and bottles, office wastes and human wastes will be generated etc. The impact is local and will last through the agricultural development and operations phase. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high Machine operators will be exposed to noise, dust and vibrations especially without the use of appropriate PPEs. There is a high risk of accidents and injury from the use of machinery and equipment if safety Occupational procedures are not followed. 8. health & Workers Major safety There is also a high risk of exposure to agrochemicals through storage, handling, application and disposal. The use of appropriate PPEs and adherence to safety and operational procedures will reduce this impact. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high Indiscriminate disposal of farm generated waste will create unsightly conditions. Poor sanitation conditions may pollute nearby water sources. Indiscriminate disposal of used agrochemical containers may pose serious health risk to members of the public who reuse them. Additionally, bushy areas and stagnant water in canals will provide Sanitation Land, water favourable breeding grounds for mosquitoes and 9. issues and Major bodies could lead to an increase in malaria occurrence. public health Failure to provide appropriate latrine facilities at vantage points within the scheme may encourage, and to some extent leave no option than, open defecation in the fields. Women suffer more in this respect as it puts at risk their dignity and predispose them to rape. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 153 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance Impact may occur throughout the duration of the project if appropriate measures are not put in place. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high The KIS land is government acquired and owned purposely for irrigation. The likely effects on potential conflicts over land for rehabilitation work is very minimal. Conflicts of water use may arise from non- Conflicts synchronization or rice planting as is the case with the over land existing scheme. The proposed management of the 10. and water Farmers scheme will ensure synchronization of cropping times Minor use and plot and this will reduce any possibilities of water use allocation conflicts. The rehabilitation will not result in new plot allocations hence conflicts over plot allocation is not expected. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is low Farms are highly susceptible to fires which could result in death, burns and loss of property (crops on farm and structures) and investment of the farmers Farmers, and also adjacent farmers. public 11. Fire Risk Major property, The fires could emanate from within the farm workers (uncontrolled burning, smoking, cooking, etc.) or spread from outside the farm area. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high Stored grains are susceptible to attacks from insects and rodents if the necessary management practices and storage conditions for the produce are not followed. Improper post-harvest management practices on the Pest/rodent farm may introduce insects such as weevils in the infestation Stored grains prior to storage. Insects and rodents may feed and produce, 12 on stored grains, resulting in losses in quantity and Major contaminati farmers, quality of produce and consequently investment on of stored public losses which could be high. grains In addition to feeding on stored grains, rodents may also contaminate stored grains through their droppings, urine, hairs and may spread human diseases. This could have health implications for the public. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 154 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance The impact on health could be high and of regional extent. The magnitude is large and the sensitivity is high Post-harvest losses may arise from disease infestation, pests and rodent infestation and improper storage conditions which reduce the shelf life of produce. Improper storage conditions such as poor ventilation, poor housekeeping and leakages in the roof may lead to mould development and disease infestation. Improper drying of grains to reach the recommended moisture content for storage (13-14%) will reduce the shelf life and make it susceptible to Post-harvest 13. Farmers disease infestation. Major losses Mould development, disease infestation and pest/rodent infestation may result in loss of quantity and quality of produce, reduced germination rate for seed grains, reduced nutritional value, loss in market value and investment losses. Any infested produce will be permanently impacted and the investment losses to farmers could be major. The magnitude is large and the sensitivity is high Communities within the scheme such as Kasunya and Klebuse may be significantly impacted by project activities. Spray drift from the application of agrochemicals as well as dust and noise from land preparation activities for subsequent planting seasons negatively impact on the communities, since Klebuse, they are located upwind of the predominant wind Impacts on Kasunya, direction. 14. Communitie Major community s members Impacts from the use of pesticides/ agrochemicals on aquatic life and subsequently health impacts on individuals who rely on the water for domestic purposes. The impact will last for the lifespan of the project. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high Inadequate workforce and/or machinery may derail Sustainabilit Water, the cropping calendar of farmers to undertake land y of the Land, preparation, planting and harvesting tasks for rice 15. Major farming Public, production, which subsequently may affect the long- venture Workers term viability of the project. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 155 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Impact Key Evaluation Impact receptor(s) Significance Failure to maintain the cropping pattern plan and the crop diversification if it progresses. Low volumes of water in the Volta River can also impact on the sustainability of the project. Flooding of the scheme area may occur from continuous heavy rainfall resulting in pools of water in low lying areas of the field, faulty gate for the laterals and canals resulting in unregulated water flows. Unavailability of ready market and low prices may affect revenue generation. Pest and disease infestation may also adversely affect crop productivity. Failure of the storage facilities may also reduce the shelf life of crops and result in high post- harvest losses. Emergency situations may arise from various activities within and outside of the farm. For example, vehicular accidents, bush fires, power failures, etc. may have disastrous consequences if no emergency response plans are put in place. The losses could be higher and result in joblessness of the farmers if appropriate measures are not put in place. Lack of human resources, technical know-how and logistics to implement environmental and social safeguards could also significantly hamper the successful implementation of the proposed project. Operation of the electronic system will have some risks as there is the potential breakdown of wireless communication and control system as a result of malfunctions. The losses could be higher if appropriate measures are not put in place. The magnitude is medium and the sensitivity is high Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 156 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 7.0 IMPACT MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES Mitigation and management measures for the potential adverse impacts have been proposed in Table 7-1 to ensure that the project impacts are managed within reasonable and acceptable limits. The general rules followed in designing the mitigation measures are listed below: a) avoidance of major impacts: major impacts are impacts where an accepted limit or standard may be exceeded, or large magnitude impacts occur to highly valued/sensitive resources/receptors; b) reduction of major and moderate impacts: moderate impacts are impacts within accepted limits and standards. Moderate impacts may cover a broad range, from a threshold below which the impact is minor, up to a level that might be just short of breaching an established (legal) limit; and c) minor impacts occur where effects are experienced, but the impact magnitudes are sufficiently small and well within accepted standards, and/or the receptors are of low sensitivity/value. 7.1 Type of Mitigation Measures The mitigation measures adopted may be categorized as:  preventive measures;  control measures; and  compensatory measures. 7.1.1 Preventive Measures These are measures adopted during the design and pre-construction phase. The measures are aimed at avoiding or minimizing potential major impacts at source. Avoiding or reducing an impact at source is essentially ‘designing’ the project so that a feature causing an impact is designed out (e.g. site selection to avoid sensitive areas) or altered (e.g. working at night where necessary) or avoided (e.g. community sensitization programmes to avoid conflicts or confrontations). 7.1.2 Control Measures These are measures adopted to abate or remedy the impacts occurring during construction and operation/maintenance phases. Impacts can be abated on site or at receptor end. Repair or remedy of impacts involves unavoidable damage to a resource, e.g. vegetation clearing during land preparation. In this case repair essentially involves re-vegetation of the affected parts. 7.1.3 Compensatory Measures Where other mitigation measures are not possible or fully effective, compensation, when required, will be provided in accordance with the national standards as set forth by the relevant entities such as the Water Resources Commission. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 157 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 7.2 Summary of Significant Potential Adverse Impacts The significant adverse impacts (rated as moderate or major) identified from the analysis and evaluation of the potential impacts from the proposed project in the preceding Chapter are summarized below. Construction Phase  loss of vegetation and impacts on flora and fauna;  soil impacts and sediment transport;  generation and disposal of solid waste (inclusive of weeds and silt from canals and lakes);  occupational health & safety;  road impacts & traffic issues;  public safety;  influx of workers and migrants;  obstruction of access ways to communities;  sanitation issues and public health; and  impacts on livelihood. Operational and Maintenance Phase  soil quality degradation (soil biological/chemical/ physical degradation);  waste management and sanitation;  solid waste generation and disposal;  impacts from water abstraction  occupational health and safety;  impacts on public health;  water quality deterioration;  sustainability of the farming venture;  fire risk;  pest /rodent infestation and contamination of stored grains;  post-harvest losses;  impacts on project communities (Klebuse and Kasunya); and  sustainability of the irrigation scheme. 7.3 Mitigation Measures for Significant Potential Adverse Impacts The mitigation measures for the identified adverse impacts are summarised in Table 7-1 below. Cost of implementation of construction phase impacts This ESIA proposes mitigations which should adequately guide bidders/contractors to offer competitive prices for the management of the environmental, social, health and safety impacts which have been identified in this ESIA. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 158 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 7-1: Mitigation measures for the identified significant impacts Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) Construction Phase Impacts Cost of sensitization: No. of machine operators = 80 Training groups = 2  The contractor for the construction works will sensitize its machine (i.e. 40 each) operators to carry out vegetation clearance in sections and limit Training Frequency = vegetation clearance to portions of the land to be developed. This is 4 (i.e. 20 per group) Loss of vegetation Flora, fauna, to allow fauna to migrate to adjoining bushes;  Contractor/S Trainer’s charge per and impacts on soil  Limit construction activities to designated areas; upervising training = 200.00 flora and fauna  Movement of crews and equipment within the rights- Engineer of-way and over routes provided for access to the work shall be Venue = contractor’s performed in a manner to minimize damage to vegetation and fauna yard within the project area. IEC materials = 800.00 Total Cost = 1,600.00 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 159 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵)  The clearing of vegetation in sections by the contractor(s) will ensure Cost of sensitization only areas of the land to be developed at a particular time are exposed on buffer already to agents of erosion. This will also ensure the cleared areas of the land catered for in the are not left bare over long periods as development at the cleared areas above. will be carried out immediately. This will minimize erosion and sediment transport from the project site;  The contractor will leave a buffer area of 25 metres width along the banks of the Kasu, Klebwe, Nyapia and Lupu lagoons and streams as well as the Volta river, which is within the range (10 to 60 meters) prescribed in the National Buffer Zone Policy. The buffer zones will screen any soil sediments transported through run off water during the construction and land preparation activities from getting into the water bodies. Machine operators will be sensitized to leave such Soil erosion and soil Soil, water buffers;  Contactor Cost of spill control pollution bodies, air  The contractor(s) will immediately collect any excess excavated soils /Supervising measures and to minimize the potential for erosion into water bodies and such Engineer training: excess or unusable materials will be used to fill existing borrow pits; Sand buckets (40  The contractor will ensure appropriate spill control measures are No.) = 1000.00 provided at the vehicle maintenance area and fuels storage areas to Trainer’s cost per reduce the potential impact from spills.eg. sand buckets, cemented training = 200 platforms, etc. These will include provision of bunds to contain spills, Frequency of installation and servicing of fuel dispensers. Workers will be trained training = 4 on how to contain and manage spills.  Heaps of excavated soils suitable for reuse during construction will be Total cost = 1,800.00 utilized in the shortest possible time to minimise exposure. Where the material is unsuitable for backfilling, it may be used to fill burrow pits NB: Cost of vehicle or it will be disposed at a dump site approved by the Shai Osudoku maintenance yard District Assembly and the Lower Manya Krobo District Assembly. including impervious platform is a BoQ Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 160 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) General Item to be competitively priced by bidders. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 161 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵)  Disposal of waste material shall be by burying, where burial of such Waste collection materials is approved by the Engineer, or by removal from the and disposal cost: construction area;  The contractor(s) will allow the neighbouring communities to collect Cost of waste bin = the tree and shrub stems for use as poles, fuelwood and fencing 250.00 material. As much as possible, the twigs and leaves will be spread and ploughed into soil or allowed to decompose; No. of bins = 30 Frequency of waste disposal at dumpsite = 78  The Contractor will ensure efficient use of construction materials to Cost of waste Generation and minimize the waste to be generated from the rehabilitation of the Land, water  Contract disposal per bin per disposal of solid canal system. Excavated soil material will, as much as possible, be re- bodies Supervising trip = 20.00 waste used in construction of the canal dykes; Engineer  The contractor(s) waste management plan should include disposal of Total = 54,300.00 excavated material and cleared vegetation, which cannot be re-used. This will be subject to approval by the engineering consultant/Client Sensitization of as well as the SODA and LMKDA; workers on waste  The contractor(s) will provide bins on site for collection and disposal management: of plastic waste and polythene materials such as lubricant containers, drinking water sachets and carrier bags which will be regularly No. of workers = 650 emptied at approved dump site. Workers will be sensitized to adhere to waste management measures Training groups = 10 Frequency of training = 10 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 162 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) Trainer’s cost per training = 200.00 IEC material cost = 1500 Total = 3,500.00 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 163 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) Cost of training:  The contractor(s) will be required to adopt a Health & Safety Policy to No. of Staff guide the land preparation and construction activities; (Permanent and  The contractor will ensure that only qualified machine operators with Temporary) = 650 requisite skills and experience be employed to operate the machines; Training groups = 10  The contractor will ensure regular maintenance and servicing of its No of trainings =10 bulldozers, excavators and tractors as well as other machinery to Cost of IEC ensure they are in good condition. Good conditioned and well- Materials = 9000.00 maintained equipment will reduce frequent breakdowns, noise nuisance and smoke emissions which could affect the operator’s and Trainer’s charge per other workers’ health and safety; training: 600 Occupational  Contractor will regularly carry out training on standard operational Total= 15,000.00  Contractor accidents/risk of Workers procedures. Health & safety training will also be provided for machine /Supervising injury to workers operators and workers at KIS; First aid training  Engineer  Contractor will provide first aid training for its workers and provide included in OHS first aid kits at the project site during land preparation and Training above construction activities to treat minor ailments. However, major cases will be referred to the nearest hospital or health post; No of Staff= 650  Contractor will also provide and enforce the use of appropriate PPE Cost per person personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety boots, reflective = 100.00 jackets, hand gloves, earplugs and nose masks. Sanctions will be Total = 65, 000.00 implemented where workers do not use the PPEs provided;  Contractor will organise weekly toolbox meetings for workers and Cost of Toolbox brief them on EHS issues and what to do to safeguard the environment meetings: and avoid accidents or injuries. Number of workers = 650 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 164 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) Number of toolbox meetings =90 Number of facilitators = 3 Facilitator’s cost per meeting (for 15 mins.) = 30.00 Facilitation cost (3*30*90) = 8,100.00 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 165 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) 1,500.00 for FM station Announcement and Notification of Work announcement.  GCAP will inform communities of the proposed works through local FM stations and traditional authorities; No. of  SODA and LMKD will be informed at least seven days before start of announcements = 5 work  Warning signs shall be provided at the junction on entering to the Total cost = 7,500.00 Irrigation Scheme area (Asutsuare Akuse road /Asutsuare Osuwem  Contractor/ Road) to indicate the approach of trucks;  Supervising Disturbance of road Transport of Equipment and Materials  Engineer/ Cost of road traffic and Community  Transport of materials (such as quarry products and concrete) will as  GCAP signage: deterioration of much as possible be carried out during off-peak traffic hours to No. of signage = 30 road networks minimise the impact on traffic in the Asutsuare, Akuse Kasunya and Unit cost of signage Klebuse communities. Speed limits of between 20-30 km/hour will be = 200 enforced along the route to the irrigation scheme area for all trucks; Total Cost =  Trucks transporting quarry products and other friable materials to the 6,000.00 for the site will be covered provision of warning signs -  All temporary traffic controls will be done in consultation with the Department of Urban Roads (DUR) and the Police Motor Transport - and Traffic Division (MTTD) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 166 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) Cost of Traffic  Traffic wardens/banksmen will monitor dump truck movements and Wardens: ensure public and traffic safety; No. of traffic  The contractor shall ensure that all the vehicles to be used for the wardens = 10 project and especially in transporting equipment and materials will be serviced regularly and all the drivers to be engaged/ assigned would Cost of each traffic be required to hold the requisite driver’s license as prescribed by the warden (18 months) Drivers and Vehicles Licensing Authority (DVLA). In an unfortunate = 9000 incident of any truck failure, such trucks will be towed within 24 hours;  The contractor will repair and maintain damaged sections of the road Total Cost of traffic network due to construction activities especially from Okwenya to the wardens - 90,000.00 project site throughout the construction period;  No vehicle shall be parked at unauthorised places to reduce the risk of - accidents.  The contractor(s) will guard all excavations and trenches including Cost of caution borrow areas, canals and drains with caution tapes and safety nets; tapes/safety nets =  The contractor(s) will use warning signs at vantage points to indicate 10,000.00 ongoing construction works Risk of traffic Communities  The contractor(s) will enforce proper security at the project site during  Contractor/ accidents and along haulage construction works to limit entry of unauthorised persons to the Cost of security Supervising Public Safety routes project site; No of Persons = 8 Engineer  The contractor will ensure that all haulage trucks comply with the 800.00* 8*18= approved speed limit of 50km/hr within the communities along the 115,200.00 haulage road -  The contractor should ensure that there are traffic wardens along haulage routes to assist pedestrians in crossing; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 167 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) Cost of traffic wardens is already catered for in above.  Movement of crews and equipment within the rights-of-way and over routes provided for access to the work shall be performed in a manner - to minimize damage to grazing land, crops or property. Cost of sensitization: No. of workers = 650 Training groups = 10  GCAP will ensure the contractor(s), together with opinion leaders such as the Assembly member and traditional leaders, sensitise migrant No of sensitization  Contractor/ Workers, workers on societal norms, taboos and other cultural practices in the events: 10 Influx of workers Supervising communities area; Engineer /  The Contractor shall be required to submit for the approval of the Trainer’s charge per GCAP Supervising Engineer a labour influx management plan which will sensitization = include a social and cultural orientation plan. 300.00 Stationery cost per sensitisation = 600.00 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 168 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) Total cost of sensitization = 9,000.00 Costs for additional warning signs  The contractor(s) will provide safe alternative access routes for access No of signage = 30 Obstruction of Community ways that are obstructed/destroyed during construction works;  Contractor/ access ways to Members  The contractor(s) will erect sign posts at vantage points to guide  Supervising Unit cost of signage communities community members through safe alternative access ways during Engineer = 100.00 construction works. Total cost of additional signage = 3,000.00 Sensitization of workers: No of Staff The contractor(s) will organise awareness creation seminars and (Permanent and educational programmes for all workers and the surrounding Temporary) = 650 Land, water communities on the behavioural changes required to prevent the  Contractor/ Training groups = 10 Risk of the spread spread of HIV/AIDS and other STDs, in collaboration with the  Supervising No of trainings = 10 bodies, of diseases respective SODA and LMKDA respectively The contractor covers all Engineer/ Cost of IEC workers, public trenches or excavations, other than the canals/laterals/sub-laterals GCAP materials = 3,250.00 made for the construction of the canal to prevent accidents and Trainer’s charge per collection of stagnant water which could breed mosquitoes; training = 200 Total= 5,250.00 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 169 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) Cost of community sensitization on STDs No. of sensitizations =6 Cost per sensitization = 1200 Total Cost = 7,200 HIV/STD training will include sensitization on open  The contractor will provide temporary toilet facilities at the project defaecation. site for use by the construction workers. The workers will be educated against “free range” defecation; Cost of waste bins is  The contractor will provide adequate waste bins at the project site to already provided minimise indiscriminate disposal of plastic and polythene material, above. cans and food waste by workers. These bins will be frequently emptied at approved dump sites to prevent littering with cans and bottles Cost of latrines and which could collect water and breed mosquitoes; potable water  The project designs have included latrines and potable drinking water No of Toilets = 2 (10- for selected communities. In the interim, tanker services should be seater each) + considered to provide potable water for affected communities during potable water construction activities that will deteriorate water quality in the Lump sum cost = lagoons and canals. US$ 50,000.00 is provided in works BoQ. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 170 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) Cost of GCAP  The work design includes a pump bypass to ensure that irrigation sensitization water is continuously made available to farmers without interruption No of sensitisations during the construction period; =6  As part of its awareness creation efforts, GCAP will continue with its efforts to ensure that persons within the KIS scheme (i.e. farmers and Cost per inhabitants) are adequately informed, in advance, of the scope, sensitisation = magnitude and schedule of the proposed project, its implications for 1200.00 Disruption their continued farming over the construction period. These measures Farmers will minimise the problem of confrontation and conflicts and will  GCAP/ livelihood Total cost = 7,200.00 reduce this impact significantly;  Scheme  GCAP will also ensure that farmers are informed of any changes in the Manager/ project design that may affect their status as affected persons;  Supervising  GCAP/KIS will ensure that the contractors carry out the rehabilitation Engineer work in sections so that some farmers may crop and not have to - entirely suspend cropping until the entire construction work is over  The Contractor shall not interrupt the water supply to an existing irrigation consumer or reduce it below the flow normal for the growing - crops, taking into account the time of year, without the recorded and - witnessed consent of the consumer;  GCAP/KIS will ensure that farmers already cultivating portions of the - project site will be allowed to continue temporarily farming at areas Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 171 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) of the land which will not be affected by construction of the canal system;  The project site will be allowed to continue temporarily farming at areas of the land which will not be affected by construction of the canal system;  Construction will be scheduled such that majority of farmers will be allowed to harvest prior to commencement of activities;  GCAP/KIS will ensure the contractor(s) provides safe temporary access routes for utilisation, if access to communities are affected during the construction period;  Through sensitisations, GCAP will ensure all grievances/concerns by local communities, traditional authorities, livestock owners and cattle herders are resolved prior to construction works. Sub Total 1 409,650.00 Irrigation Scheme Operations and Maintenance Phase Impacts  A detailed soil study was conducted by the Design Consultant (BRL No. of farmers Inginierie) during the design stage of the project which determined the =1,500 Soil degradation Soil, fauna chemical conditions of the soil at the project site. This will guide  SME/Farmers Training groups = 5 farmers to know the deficient soil nutrients and the right types and No of trainings =5 quantities of fertilizers to apply; Cost of each Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 172 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA  Scheme management will ensure that farmers purchase EPA approved agrochemicals from licensed agrochemical shops for use at the recommended application rates. SME will educate the input providers to consult EPA’s current register of approved and banned agrochemicals prior to the selection and purchase of agrochemicals for use. Extracts of the current register are provided in Annex 8;  The scheme manager and farmers will adopt integrated weed and pest management practices for weed and pest control such as use of certified and disease tolerant seed varieties, use of early maturing seed varieties, proper land preparation, early planting, following recommended planting space between rows and plants, timely/early weeding, suitable water management practices and the use of agrochemicals where necessary. This will minimize the rate of agrochemical use; training = 3000  The SME will encourage the use of diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP) as a nitrogen source to slow down acidification caused by N fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate;  Cost for 5 training  Farmers will adopt minimum tillage during planting seasons to reduce (material/Demonstr the susceptibility of the soil to erosion and also hard pan formation ations) =15,000.00 associated with continuous ploughing at the same depth;  After harvesting, crop residue comprising process residue (straw, husks, skins, trimmings, cobs and bran of cereals) and field residue (stalks and stubble/stems, leaves of crops) will be tilled into the soil to improve the soil structure and soil organic matter content. Farmers will utilise cover crops at erosion prone areas in sections A and B of the scheme area;  The SME will, preferentially, advise and train farmers on selective pesticides with low Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) eg. Bastion Extra SG, Actforce 48EC etc where appropriate, rather than broad- spectrum products, to minimize impacts on non-target species;  The SME will ensure embankment slopes will be stabilized by growing vegetation to trap silts and other soil particles thus preventing entry into the reservoir, canals and laterals. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 173 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵)  The SME and farmers will control the proliferation of aquatic weeds, which harbour disease vectors in the canals, drainage lagoons and Cost of labelled bins night storage reservoirs, by mechanical cutting and also explore the is catered for under possibility of biological control of the weeds; solid waste  SME and water users’ association to ensure free flows in the canals management. and laterals and prevent flooding on the farms through careful stewardship of water flows;  The SME and farmers will provide and enforce the use of separate labelled bins for the collection and disposal of used agrochemical Risk of the spread containers (after they are triple-washed and punctured); Public  SME will collaborate with NGOs such as JICA, as well as the District  SME/WUA of diseases MOFA office to carry out periodic awareness creation activities to educate farmers on the perils of reuse of agrochemical containers as well as train them in the proper disposal methods for these. Punitive Toilet facilities measures will be put in place for offenders. No. of toilet facilities =5 Toilet facilities  GCAP/GIDA and the SME will ensure the provision and maintenance Unit Cost = 8,000.00 of toilet facilities at strategic locations to serve farmers within the scheme and help avoid the incidence of open defaecation and Total cost = urination in the fields. 40,000.00  The use of agrochemicals including inorganic fertilizers, weedicides Drain maintenance Surface and and pesticides will be reduced as much as possible on farms within the Water quality (i.e. underground KIS. Where possible, mechanical weed control will be considered  SME/WUA/Fa deterioration desilting/weeding) water instead of the use of weedicides; rmers  Farmers shall adopt the efficient use of fertilizers, weedicides and Length of drains = pesticides to reduce excessive release of chemicals into paddy fields; 100km Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 174 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵)  The farmers will adopt erosion control measures such as ploughing Unit cost/km = along the contour of the land and minimum tillage to minimize erosion 100.00 and sediment transport from the fields;  Rice fields will be bunded to hold water in the plots and reduce Frequency per transport of soil sediments and erosion; annum = 1  The SME and farmers will regularly maintain the wastewater drains through de-silting and weed clearance to allow wastewater released Total cost= from the fields flowing freely out of the farm into the marshy area; 10,000.00  The farmers will ensure any unused dilute pesticide that cannot be applied to the crop—along with rinse water, and out of-date or no- longer approved pesticides would be disposed of as a hazardous waste, as per FAO International Code of Conduct on Pesticides Management;  The farmers will utilize pesticide application technologies and practices designed to minimize off-site movement or runoff (e.g. low- drift nozzles, using the largest droplet size and lowest pressure that are suitable for the product);  The SME and farmers will use and adhere to the Pest Management Plan (PMP) of GCAP to help control effects of pesticide use within the scheme.  Rice straw, to be generated from harvesting, has various uses (thatch, Cost for purchasing composting, mulching, bedding material for livestock, animal fodder, solid waste bins (i.e. fuel for brick kilns and power generation, packaging material, etc.). Generation of Land, water 32 No. at 250.00 Farmers will be educated on effective composting i.e. leaving some waste bodies, public  SME /GIDA each) amount of straw on the rice fields to be tilled into the soil and recycle nutrients stored in them. Excesses will be gathered, collected and = 8000.00 temporarily heaped by the fields and may be made available to the public for collection and use; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 175 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵)  The SME and farmers will provide adequate bins on the farm for the collection of plastic and polythene material such as drinking water sachets for proper disposal at approved dump sites;  The SME and farmers will provide separate labelled bins on site for collection of agrochemical containers, foil seals, lids and fertilizer sacks for return to the suppliers for recycling/proper disposal, as per FAO guidelines2.Farmers will also be trained on handling empty agrochemical bottles/containers, triple-washing and puncturing prior to being stored in the separate labelled bins for returning to the suppliers. This will ensure they cannot be reused;  The SME and farmers will ensure that bins containing used agrochemical containers are stored safely and are securely under cover prior to their safe disposal; they will not be used for other purposes.  The Scheme Management Entity and farmers will ensure that any pesticides used are manufactured, formulated, packaged, labelled, - handled, stored, disposed of, and applied according to the FAO’s Occupational International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management; Farmers and accidents/ risk of  The Scheme Management Entity and farmers will ensure that  SME - workers pesticides that fall under the World Health Organization’s (WHO) /Farmers injury to workers Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard Classes 1a (extremely hazardous) and 1b (highly hazardous) (Refer to Annex 9) or Annexes A and B of the Stockholm Convention (see Annex 10) are not purchased, stored or used; 2 FAO, International Code of Conduct on Pesticides Management (revised 2014), (Rome: FAO, 2014) http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Pests_Pesticides/Code/CODE_2014Sep_ENG.pdf Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 176 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵)  The Scheme Management Entity and farmers will ensure all pesticides - listed in WHO Hazard Class II (moderately hazardous) (Refer to Annex 9), will be avoided unless appropriate controls established with respect to the manufacture, procurement, or distribution and/or use of these chemicals are in place. These chemicals would not be accessible to personnel without proper training, equipment, and facilities in which to handle, store, apply, and dispose of these products properly;  The Scheme Management Entity will engage MOFA Agric. Extension Training quoted Agents (AEAs) to train all staff and farmers on appropriate use and below (under handling of agrochemicals; sustainability of the  The Scheme Management Entity will provide selected staff and farming ventures for farmers with first aid training, including on accidents associated with 45,000.00) agrochemical use, to administer first aid health care in the event of any accidents; No. of farmers and  Appropriate PPEs such as gloves, nose masks, coveralls, goggles, safety staff = 1,550 boots, etc. will be provided for staff and farmers. The use of PPEs will Cost of PPEs per be enforced especially during the handling of agrochemicals such as person=100.00 during spraying of weedicides or the application of fertilizers;  Safety procedures, particularly with the operation of machines and Total cost=155,000 the handling and use of agrochemicals will be enforced by the SME PPEs to be and sanctions applied when not adhered to; received/replaced  Farm stores at different sections of the scheme should be built to once every year encourage farmers purchase approved chemicals and PPEs. Farmers,  Burning will not be utilised as a farm management practice. GCAP Fire Risk - public, Land prohibits burning as a farm management practice and will ensure all  SME /GNFS projects it supports comply with this directive; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 177 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵)  The canal system and farm roads around the farm will act as fire belt No of farmers protecting the farm from any bush fires emanating from outside the =1,500 farm; No. of Farmer  The SME and farmers will ensure all equipment and machinery are groups = 10 regularly serviced and maintained; (150/group)  The SME will educate all farmers and workers on potential causes of No. of Trainings =10 fire; 2no. facilitator fees  All farmers and workers will be trained on fire prevention and control. per training=600 This will be done in collaboration with the GNFS of the Shai Osudoku Training cost = and Lower Manya Districts; 6000.00  Management of KIS will ensure selected farmers and workers are Fire drill training trained by the GNFS as fire volunteers to manage minor fires. equipment=3000.00 Total cost = 9000.00 Maintenance/House Pest/rodent infestation and contamination of produce keeping at  The warehouse managers will adopt an integrated pest management warehouse = system to control insects and rodent infestation. This will include: 3000.00 o good housekeeping practices such as regular cleaning inside warehouses/storage rooms and proper packing of produce for Cost for purchasing ease of inspection; fumigation Post-harvest losses Farmers, Public o keeping the surroundings of warehouses/storage rooms clean  SME /WUAs /chemical control and free from weeds; =3000.00 o preventing insects and rodents from entering warehouses/storage rooms by regularly inspecting all doors, Total cost = 6000.00 walls, windows and roof for any openings and repairing them; o use of biological control, such as cats, to keep mice and other - rodents from the warehouses/storage rooms; o use of rodent traps; Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 178 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵)  Chemical control/fumigation through the use of EPA approved (maintenance cost agrochemicals to control pests and rodents; above)  The SME will ensure harvested rice is properly dried to about 13-14% - moisture content to make them suitable for storage. Storage of Produce -  All warehouses at the scheme will have proper ventilation and will be regularly inspected for defects e.g. roof leakages;  Management of KIS will ensure the warehouse and the surrounding - environment is always kept clean and free from weeds;  Bags of rice will be properly arranged on pallets and the pallets will be - arranged in rows with adequate spacing in between to ensure ease of cleaning the warehouse and inspection of produce for rodents and insects; -  The SME will ensure new produce from the farm/mill are not mixed with old produce in the warehouse by storing the new produce at a different section in the warehouse;  The warehouse managers will adopt “first in first out” practices to ensure that old produce are always sold first;  Any infested produce will be immediately removed and destroyed to prevent infestation of other produce;  Chemical treatment/fumigation, by using only EPA approved agrochemicals, will be used by warehouse managers to control pest/rodents and diseases where necessary.  The SME will ensure adequate security and maintenance is provided Securing irrigation Over abstraction of Community for the electronic monitoring equipment such as the automatic weir electronic gates supplying water to the main canal from the Dam; SME/WUA equipment e.g. using water members  WUAs will be required to ensure the maintenance of water control locks to keep and monitoring equipment (electronic and manual) installed on the unauthorized Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 179 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) canals, laterals and drains, as well as ensure the judicious use of water persons away = within the scheme to reduce the demand for water; 3000.00  The SME/WUA to ensure that planting complies with the prescribed cropping patterns for the upland and lowland areas of the scheme in order to limit the demand for water and minimize waste.  GCAP and the SME to ensure that the drains serving irrigation blocks adjacent to communities are covered at strategic locations to prevent falls and accidents;  In order to ensure peaceful coexistence and prevent the incidence of conflicts, GCAP together with Ghana Irrigation Development Authority Impacts on project Community (GIDA) and the District Assemblies, will continue to extensively consult communities members the project communities throughout the project implementation to SME /Farmers - ensure their free, prior informed consent for project developments;  Measure wind direction and speed prior to spraying activities;  Sprays shall be applied when the wind direction is away from community areas;  Spraying of water-based sprays shall not take place under conditions of high temperature and low humidity. Capacity Building No of Farmers  Well trained and experienced personnel will be employed by the SME =1,500 to oversee the operations and maintenance of the irrigation project; No of trainings= 5  Efficient use of resources such as water, agrochemicals, etc. will be *Farmer groups Sustainability of the Land, water, adopted by the SME and farmers to minimize economic losses; =300/group  SME /WUA/ farming venture workers, public  The SME will ensure regular maintenance of the canals to ensure the WRC/GIDA *Training material = scheme always provides water at its maximum potential; 25000(i.e.  The SME will ensure regular maintenance of equipment for higher 5000/group) efficiency; Facilitators =20,000  Training will be regularly provided by the SME for farmers on improved Total cost = agronomic practices; 45,000.00 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 180 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵)  The Municipal/District MoFA offices and the CSIR-CRI will be regularly consulted by SME for technical and agronomic advice. Funding  The SME will put in place adequate mechanisms to ensure the efficient collection of the irrigation service charges; -  The SME will ensure that farmers are provided with improved and certified seed varieties to enhance productivity;  The SME will ensure adequate machinery and inputs are available to ensure the cropping pattern/plan is maintained and the crop diversification implemented successfully;  Proper marketing strategies will be put in place for farmers to be able to sell produce and reduce loss of revenue. Emergency situations Fire -  The SME will educate all farmers and workers on potential causes of fire on the farms e.g. smoking, cooking and burning;  The SME, in consultation with the Ghana National Fire Service (GNFS), - will ensure that all premises have fire permits (offices, warehouses and mills) and adequate fire prevention and control measure are put - in place;  All farmers and workers will be trained on fire prevention and control. - This will be done in collaboration with the Ghana National Fire Service (GNFS);  The SME will ensure selected farmers and workers are trained by the GNFS as fire volunteers to manage minor fires; -  The scheme management will prepare and implement fire and emergency response plan, in collaboration with the GNFS. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 181 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Cost of POTENTIAL Implementation RECEPTOR(S) PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Responsibility IMPACT (GH₵) Vandalism and Breakdown of Control Systems -  Water Users Association will be made responsible for supervising and ensuring the equipment are not tampered with;  Fencing and close circuit TV will be installed to ensure security at the site;  VRA regularly conducts dam safety assessments to ensure the facility is structurally sound and free of defects. Water Pollution and Dam Collapse  The SME will collaborate with the Volta River Authority (VRA) and WRC and the Assemblies to put in place and monitor catchment - management measures along the Volta River to reduce pollution and its underlying effects;  VRA, owners of the dam will continue with their regular dam safety - assessment;  In the lower reaches of the scheme, some meanders in the drains will be straightened and widened to accelerate the flow of water and - prevent flooding;  Drainage channels, canals and laterals will be regularly desilted and - cleared of weeds to allow free flow of water;  The WUAs and lateral leaders will ensure that all gates are operational; -  KIS will prepare an emergency response plan to cater for the above impacts. Sub Total 2 291,000.00/year  GRAND TOTAL (Sub Total 1 + Sub Total 2) 700,650.00 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 182 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN Environmental and social monitoring is an essential component of a post project review phase following Environmental and Social Assessment. The monitoring of various environmental and social parameters will also help to confirm any predicted impact or otherwise and address the effectiveness of the implementation of the mitigation measures. A comprehensive monitoring plan has been developed in Table 8-1 for all the adverse environmental and social impacts identified in Chapter 6. The monitoring plan includes the responsible institutions or persons and estimated budget/cost requirements. Detailed cost analysis from prospective consultants and experts to be engaged as part of the monitoring programme will be needed to confirm cost requirements. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 183 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 8-1: Environmental and Social Monitoring No. Environmental/ Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Site Measurements Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimate/ Social Year (GH) Component/ Issue CONSTRUCTIONAL PHASE 1. Contractor/ Supervising - Vegetation intact at inactive sites of Engineer/ Vegetation and project area -Project area Observation Daily Environmental 3,500.00 fauna Confirmation of Phasing of vegetation Safeguards clearance Specialist (GCAP) 2. Contractor/ -Observable change in turbidity of water in Construction Soil impacts and canals/drains/water bodies -Construction site Supervisor/ sediment -Observable oil sheen -Canals/drains/ Observation Daily Environmental 3,500.00 transport canals/drains/water bodies water bodies Safeguards -Observation of rills/gullies Specialist (GCAP) 3. Contractor/ -Observation of air borne particulates -Construction site Construction (dust) and exhaust fumes Air quality/Noise -Communities in Observation Daily Supervisor/ 3,500.00 -Records of dampening of roads project area Environmental -Complaints on noise nuisance Safeguards Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 184 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Environmental/ Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Site Measurements Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimate/ Social Year (GH) Component/ Issue Specialist (GCAP) 4. Contractor/ Construction -Observable change in turbidity of water in Supervisor/ canals/drains/water bodies -Canals/drains/ Surface water Observation Daily Environmental 3,500.00 -Observable oil sheen water bodies Safeguards canals/drains/water bodies Specialist (GCAP) 5. Contractor/ -Records on tree and shrub stems Construction collected by communities Supervisor/ Waste -Availability and use of bins Record keeping Construction site Monthly Environmental 3,500.00 management -Records on frequency and location of and analysis Safeguards waste disposal sites of domestic and Specialist construction waste (GCAP) 6. Contractor/ -Workers’ awareness of Contractor’s Construction health and safety policy Health & Safety Supervisor/ Occupational -Availability and proper use of PPEs Construction site records, audit and Daily Environmental 5,000.00 health & safety -Availability and proper use of warning review Safeguards signs Specialist -Availability of first aid kit (GCAP) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 185 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Environmental/ Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Site Measurements Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimate/ Social Year (GH) Component/ Issue -Adherence to health and safety procedures -Records on frequency, type and source of illness/accident/injury -Records on non-compliances 7. Condition of road from Asutsuare Junction Contractor/ to project site -Road from quarry -Records of road Construction -Availability and use of diversion/road sites to project site repairs and Supervisor/ Traffic Impacts signs or trained persons directing traffic. -Junctions from maintenance Daily Environmental 3,500.00 -Frequency of truck breakdowns along quarries and to -Traffic records Safeguards road construction site - Audit and review Specialist -Records of parking at unauthorized places (GCAP) 8. - HIV/AIDS awareness creation seminars Health, safety and and educational programmes for all -Construction site traffic records; workers and the surrounding -Road from quarry audit and review - Availability and use of warning signs and sites to project site Contractor/ cautionary tapes around excavations and other dangerous areas Construction - Availability of bins and record of Supervisor/ Public safety frequency of dislodgement Daily Environmental 3,500.00 Records on frequency and type of Safeguards incident/accidents involving public Specialist (GCAP) Traffic Issues Condition of roads from Asutsuare/Akuse to project site Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 186 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Environmental/ Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Site Measurements Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimate/ Social Year (GH) Component/ Issue -Availability and use of diversions/road Road from quarry Records of road signs or traffic wardens. sites to project site repairs and -Frequency of truck breakdowns along -Junctions from maintenance road quarries and to -Traffic records -Records of parking at unauthorized places construction site - Audit and review -Monitoring Speed limits of moving trucks 9. -Communities in the project area -Records on community sensitization Contractor/ - programmes Construction Project/Stakeholde -Health records on pregnancy, HIV/AIDS Supervisor/ Influx of workers r meetings Record keeping and other STDs Weekly Environmental 3,500.00 and migrants -SODA Health and analysis -Records on public complaints relating to Safeguards Centre non-conformity to societal norms by Specialist -Lower Manya workers and migrants (GCAP) Krobo Health Center 11. Contractor/ -Availability of safe access -Project site Construction roads/walkways to communities. - -Record keeping Supervisor/ Obstruction of -Records on public complaints related to Project/Stakeholde and analysis Daily Environmental 3,500.00 access ways obstruction of access ways (road blocks, r meetings -Observation Safeguards delays, etc.) Specialist (GCAP) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 187 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Environmental/ Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Site Measurements Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimate/ Social Year (GH) Component/ Issue 12. Contractor/ -Health records (respiratory tract -Communities in Construction infections, malaria water – borne diseases the project area Supervisor/ Sanitation and Record keeping and other sanitation related diseases) -Project/ Daily Environmental 3,500.00 public health and analysis -Records on public complaints related Stakeholder Safeguards sanitation and public health issues meetings Specialist (GCAP) 13. Contractor/ -Type and nature of complaints and -Communities in Construction Public concerns; the project area Supervisor/ Record keeping complaints/ -Complaint records (Record of grievance -Project/ Weekly Environmental 3,500.00 and analysis grievances and number resolved/unresolved) Stakeholder Safeguards -Management and Stakeholder Meetings meetings Specialist (GCAP) 14. -Records on community sensitization - Contractor/ -Records on affected persons Communities/Farm Construction -Records on public complaints relating to ers in the project Supervisor/ Impacts on Record keeping disruption of livelihoods area Daily Environmental 3,500.00 livelihood and analysis Records of any infrastructure or social -Project/ Safeguards amenity destroyed by construction Stakeholder Specialist activities meetings (GCAP) Sub Total 1 47,000.00 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 188 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Environmental/ Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Site Measurements Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimate/ Social Year (GH) Component/ Issue OPERATIONS PHASE 1. Laboratory analysis of soil sample parameters include texture; pH; organic -Laboroatory carbon; total nitrogen; available analysis at the Environmental phosphorus; available potassium; CSIR –Soil Consultant/ exchangeable cations like Ca, Mg, Na, K; Research Institute Soil fertility and Environmental, CEC. -Farms using Indian biennially 8,000 quality Health, Safety & - Record of integrated weed and Standards Security Officer pest management practices Method of Test (EHSSO)/ SME implemented; for Soil - Record of type and quantity of - agrochemical used. 2. -Upstream of -Physicochemical parameters project site (Volta River- canal intake Laboratory -Bacteriological parameters point) analysis at CSIR- -Pesticide residue parameters (N 6.14922°; E Water Research Biannually (Refer to Annex 2a) Environmental Water quality 0.12670°) Institute using (Major and Groundwater Consultant/ 10,000 Degradation **American minor - pH, conductivity, TDS, chloride, iron, -Mid-point: within EHSSO/ SME Water Works season) nitrate, coliforms, phosphate, pesticides, scheme area, close Association fluorides, heavy metals (leads, arsenic, to Abians (N (AWWA) cadmium, mercury, etc.), pesticide loads 6.06646°; E 0.14396°) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 189 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Environmental/ Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Site Measurements Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimate/ Social Year (GH) Component/ Issue -Downstream of project site (outflow of the Kasu Lagoon) (N. 6.10440°; E 0.20886°) -Surrounding communities 3. Hand-held dust -project samplers (TSP, Environmental Air quality TSP, PM10, NOx, SOx, CO site/project PM10)/ diffusion Quarterly Consultant / 10,000 communities tubes (NOx, SOx, EHSSO CO) 4. Monthly/ Hand-held Environmental -project site Whenever Noise Noise level Integrated noise Consultant / 6,000.00 -communities there is noise level meter EHSSO complaint 5. -Available and well demarcated cattle Impacts on -Observation/ crossings and drinking points grazing land and inspection -Established fodder banks -Project site Daily EHSSO/SME 6,0000.00 conflict with -Record keeping -Complaints from livestock cattle herders and analysis owners/herders and farmers 6. -Incident/accident records -Project community Impacts on -Record keeping -Health records of community members -Torgorme Health Daily EHSSO/SME 6,000.00 communities and observations -Complaints from community members Centre Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 190 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Environmental/ Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Site Measurements Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimate/ Social Year (GH) Component/ Issue -Project/ Stakeholder meetings 7. -Availability and use of bins for collection of plastic and polythene material. -Availability and use of separate labelled bins for agrochemical containers. Waste -Records on disposal of plastic and Record keeping -Farms Weekly EHSSO/SME 6,000.00 management polythene material (frequency and and analysis location of disposal site) -Records on agrochemical containers returned to suppliers (quantity, frequency, name of supplier) 8. -Installation of smoke detectors, fire alarms and fire extinguishers in offices, warehouse and other premises. -Availability of fire extinguishers at -Farms -Record keeping vantage points on farms -Building premises and analysis Fire -Fire belts created around project site. (offices, Daily EHSSO/SME 6,000.00 -Observation/ -Availability of Emergency Assembly Points warehouses, sheds, inspection and emergency contact numbers at etc.) vantage points. -Records on servicing of firefighting equipment. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 191 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Environmental/ Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Site Measurements Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimate/ Social Year (GH) Component/ Issue -Records of training on fire prevention and control. -Records on fire incidents/accidents and investigation reports. 9. -Farmers/Workers’ awareness of health and safety policy -Availability and proper use of PPEs -Availability and proper use of warning signs -Farms -Record keeping -Availability of first aid kit -Building premises Occupational and analysis -Adherence to health and safety (offices, Daily EHSSO/SME 6,000.00 Health & Safety -Observation/ procedures warehouses, sheds, inspection -Records on frequency, type and source of etc.) illness/accident/injury -Records on non-compliances -Records on training and awareness creation on health and safety 10. -Project area -Health records (type, frequency and -Asutsuare Health causes of diseases/illnesses) centre Sanitation and -Records on public complaints related Record keeping Daily EHSSO/SME 6,000.00 public health sanitation and public health issues -Project/ and analysis - Toilet facilities provided in the field for Stakeholder farmers meetings -Project area Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 192 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Environmental/ Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Site Measurements Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimate/ Social Year (GH) Component/ Issue 11. -Clean environment in and around warehouses/storage sheds Pest/rodent -Cleaning roaster -Observation/ -Warehouse/ infestation and -Records on infested/contaminated inspection storage sheds Daily EHSSO/SME 6,000.00 contamination of produce -Record keeping - Scheme Area produce - Trials/Training on pest resistant crops and analysis - Records on resistant crop varieties - Evidence of records for crop monitoring 12. -Maintenance of warehouses/storage sheds -Observation of damp conditions in -Observation/ warehouse Post-harvest -Warehouses/ inspection -Ventilation in warehouses -Daily EHSSO/SME 6,000.00 losses storage sheds -Record keeping -Arrangement of produce in warehouses and analysis -Fumigation records -Records of infested/contaminated/spoilt produce 13. -Records of payment of irrigation service charges -Maintenance records Sustainability of -Training records Record keeping the farming Entire Scheme Area Daily EHSSO/SME 6,000.00 -Resource use (fuel, electricity, water, and analysis venture agrochemicals, etc.) records -Availability of all necessary permits - Emergency response plan prepared Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 193 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No. Environmental/ Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Site Measurements Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimate/ Social Year (GH) Component/ Issue -Records on fire incidents/accidents and investigation reports 14. -Type and nature of complaints and Public concerns; Record keeping complaints/ -Complaint records (Record of grievance - Daily EHSSO/SME 6,000.00 and analysis grievances and number resolved/unresolved) -Management and Stakeholder Meetings 15. -Annual environmental, health and safety Analysis of audits monitoring SME/ -Quarterly returns of Monitoring Reports reports/ Environmental, Environmental to EPA (in line with LI 1652) Annually/ - Environmental Health, Safety & 6,000.00 compliance -Preparation of Annual Environmental Quarterly Assessment Security Officer Reports (in line with LI 1652) Regulations, LI (EHSSO) -Preparation of Environmental and Social 1652 Management Plan (in line with LI 1652) Sub Total 2 100,000 GRAND TOTAL ( Sub Total 1 + Sub Total 2) 147,000.00 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 194 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 9.0 PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN A Provisional Environmental and Social Management Plan (PESMP) is developed for the project in accordance with the Environmental Assessment Regulations of 1999, LI 1652 to ensure that the operations of the rehabilitation and modernization project are carried out in an environmentally safe and sustainable manner. The provisional ESMP outlines management commitment and the required training programmes for the sustainable implementation of the proposed project. An estimated budget for the PESMP is also included in this section. The PESMP has further been developed into a full standalone ESMP to guide in the implementation of the project. 9.1 Programme to meet Requirements The programmes proposed to meet mitigation measures and monitoring programmes will include the following:  adoption of Environmental, Health and Safety Policies and Operational Procedures;  management structuring;  environmental, health and safety committee;  farmers’ information and training;  environmental and social monitoring programmes;  audits and reviews;  capacity building; and  environmental and social management budgeting. 9.1.1 Adoption of Environmental, Health and Safety Policies and Operational Procedures KIS management shall engage the services of a Consultant to assist the company develop environmental, health and safety policies to guide the sustainable implementation of the project. The Consultant shall also assist in formulating standard operational procedures for all the operations of the project from land preparation through to storage and marketing, waste management, agrochemical handling and use, material storage and management, etc. The standard operational procedures will serve to guide the farmers/workers in their daily activities and also serve as a training manual for in-service training as well as training farm hands engaged on the farm. 9.1.2 Environmental, Health, Safety and Security (EHSS) Management Structuring The Scheme Management Entity (SME) shall be responsible for supervising and regulating the activities of the WUAs; Federations; Milling, Drying Floors and Warehousing Companies (MDWC); and Input suppliers, and implementing GIDA policies on the scheme (as indicated in Section 3.5.3). The SME shall appoint an Environment, Health, Safety and Security Officer (EHSSO) who will be responsible for the management of the environment, health and safety of farmers and workers, and security at the project site. Each Water User Association (WUA) shall appoint an Environmental, Health and Safety Representative (EHSR) and each Milling, Drying Floors and Warehousing Companies shall have an Environmental, Health and Safety Officer (EHSO). Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 195 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Security Services for the Scheme shall be outsourced. The selected security firm will also perform life guard services during emergencies, and will function as one of the Product and Service Enterprises. The security firm shall have a Security Coordinator to supervise their activities. The EHSRs, EHSOs and Security Coordinator shall report directly to the EHSSO and assist the EHSSO in the day-to-day implementation of environmental, health and safety procedures of the scheme. They shall hold weekly meetings to deliberate and discuss environment, health, safety and security issues arising during the previous week and put in measures for the ensuing week. Figure 9-1 shows the organizational structure for EHSS Management of the scheme. Supervisor (SME) EHSSO EHSRs EHSOs SECURITY (WUAs) (MDWC ) SUPERVISOR Figure 9-1: Organizational Structure for EHSS Management of KIS The main functions of the EHSSO, EHSRs, EHSOs and Security Coordinator are summarised in Table 9-1. Table 9-1: Key functions of the EHSSO, EHSRs, EHSOs and Security Coordinator EHSSO EHSR/EHSO Security Coordinator 1. Lead the implementation of 1. Liaising with the EHSSO to 1. Liaising with the EHSSO to environment, health, safety ensure implementation of develop and ensure and security policies of the environment, health and safety implementation of security project, including technical and policies. policies. non-technical operations. 2. Liaise with the Scheme 2. Ensuring adherence to 2. Ensuring adherence to Supervisor to ensure all environment, health and safety security measures in and required PPEs, waste bins and procedures and the correct use around the project site. other logistics are provided forof PPEs provided for farmers/ the project. workers in carrying out their activities. 3. Ensure all machinery and 3. Ensuring waste bins provided 3. Organizing and coordinating equipment are in good at the farm and all premises training on security and condition and well serviced and (warehouse/workshop/offices, lifeguard services for all Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 196 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA EHSSO EHSR/EHSO Security Coordinator the operators adhere to etc.) are appropriately used and security personnel and security environment, health and safety emptied on time for proper awareness program for procedures. disposal at approved dump sites farmers/workers. 4. Liaise with regulatory 4. Keeping records and reporting 4. Keeping records and institutions such as EPA and all incidents/accidents and reporting on all security issues GNFS. illnesses to the EHSSO. to the EHSSO. 5. Work closely with all 5. Reporting all complains from 5. Supervising security Consultants engaged in carrying the farmers/workers concerning personnel to ensure security is out their work. environment, health and safety maintained at the project site. to the EHSSO. 6. Supervise the EHSRs, EHSOs 6. Reporting all non-compliances 6. Preventing unauthorized and Security Coordinator to to environment, health and access to the canal system by ensure implementation of safety procedures to the EHSSO community members, environment, health, safety for appropriate action. especially children. and security procedures. 9.1.3 Environment, Health, Safety and Security Committee The Scheme Supervisor, WUA, Appointed Representatives of MDWCs, EHSSO, EHSRs, EHSOs and Security Coordinator shall constitute the EHSS Committee of the Rehabilitation and Modernisation of KIS. The EHSS Committee shall have monthly meetings to discuss and deliberate on environment, health, safety and security issues. To ensure the commitment and direct involvement of the Management of the Scheme, the Scheme Supervisor shall head the EHSS Committee and chair all meetings. The functions of the Environment, Health, Safety and Security Committee shall among other things include:  implementing Environment, Health, Safety and Security Policies formulated for the Project;  implementing the environmental permit conditions and mitigation, monitoring and management measures in the ESIA report;  engaging the services of Consultant(s) where necessary to assist with the preparation and implementation of Environment, Health, Safety and Security Policies and environmental permit conditions;  identifying appropriate training programmes for the workers/farmers;  reviewing monthly data collated on environmental management, farmers’/workers’ health and safety and security issues;  addressing environment, health, safety and security complaints and concerns of farmers/workers and communities;  undertaking disciplinary actions against workers and farmers who don’t comply with health and safety procedures; and  prepare minutes of the monthly meeting and monthly progress report for dissemination to KIS/GCAP. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 197 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 9.1.4 Farmers/Workers Information and Training The Scheme Supervisor will ensure effective dissemination of information to all workers and farmers. Training programmes will be regularly organized for workers and farmers in collaboration with Agricultural Extension Officers and Consultants on agronomic practices, appropriate use and handling of agrochemicals, environmental health and safety issues, etc. These will include training for all farmers, farm hands and workers before they are engaged, formal in-service trainings and demonstrations at farms, warehouses, workshops and other premises. The EHSRs and EHSOs will be trained on the environmental permit conditions and mitigation and management measures in this ESIA report as well as provided with first aid training. Contracted security personnel will have training on ensuring adequate security at the project site, preventing unauthorized access to the project site, especially children from the neighbouring communities and performing lifeguard services during emergencies. Providing adequate training for the workers and farmers and ensuring effective dissemination of information will contribute immensely towards:  environmental management through the judicious use of resources, appropriate disposal of wastes;  prevention of accidents that might cause injury to workers and farmers and pose risks to persons and the general environment; and  ensuring security in and around the project site to protect lives and property of the workers/farmers and the neighbouring communities. 9.1.5 Environmental and Social Monitoring Programmes Monitoring programmes will be developed for relevant parameters, which serve as indicators of pollution on environmental media such as land, water and air. The monitoring programme shall be in accordance to the directives of the EPA in the environmental permit conditions as well as with the monitoring programme proposed in this ESIA report. 9.1.6 Audits and Reviews Annual environmental, health and safety audits and reviews will be conducted to assess the performance of the environmental, health and safety policies and operational procedures implemented. The monitoring programme will form the basis for effective auditing and reviews. The outcome of the annual audits and reviews will underpin the periodic update of the PESMP of the proposed project. 9.1.7 Capacity Building and Training Capacity building and training will be organized to guide the implementation of the ESMP, permit schedule, triggered World Bank safeguards policy and environmental management. The training will include the public health and safety issues, Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for the project, ESMP monitoring and reporting. Details of the capacity building are extensively discussed in the standalone ESMP, however Table 9-2 provides a summary of the estimated budget for implementation. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 198 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Table 9-2: Capacity Building and Training No Activity Target Group/ Timeline/ Proposed Estimated . Participants Frequency Facilitator Cost/(Gh₵) CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Training Workshop on -GCAP/GIDA Project design - 5,000.00 ESMP, grievance -Construction phase and Environment -No of redress mechanism, Supervisor prior to al and Socialparticipants = public health and safety -Contractor construction Safeguards 20, i.e. 5 reps. from 4 issues, ESMP works Specialist stakeholders. monitoring and (GCAP/ -No of reporting, permit GIDA) /trainings=1 (1 Schedule, triggered Environment day) World Bank Safeguards al Consultant*Training Policy and materials= environmental 1000.00 management *2no. Facilitators @750 each =1,500.00 Feeding =1500.00 Venue=1000.00 2. Health and Safety Construction workers Construction Contractor This is costed as Induction phase part of toolbox meetings at the construction phase. 3. Health and safety Construction workers Weekly Contractor This is costed as briefings part of toolbox meetings at the construction phase. 4. Site meetings -Construction Monthly Construction No. of meetings Supervisor Supervisor / = 18 -Contractor Contractor/ Cost per -GCAP/GIDA GCAP/GIDA meeting=2000 Total=36,000.00 5. Community Project communities Periodically GCAP/GIDA Cost of sensitization on during sensitization by project, environmental construction GCAP No of and health & safety phase sensitisations=6 issues, land allocation, Cost per grievance redress sensitisation = mechanism, etc. 1200.00 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 199 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No Activity Target Group/ Timeline/ Proposed Estimated . Participants Frequency Facilitator Cost/(Gh₵) Total cost = 7,200.00 OPERATIONAL PHASE 1. Training Workshop on -SME One-off Environment 7,000.00 ESMP, grievance -WUA Executives training at al and Social No of redress mechanism, -Anchor Farmers commenceme Safeguards participants = public health and safety (Leaders) nt of Specialist 30, i.e. 5 reps. from 6 issues, ESMP -FBO Executives Agricultural (GCAP/ stakeholders. Monitoring and -EHSSO development GIDA) / -No of reporting, Permit -Environmental, and Environment trainings=1 (1 Schedule, Triggered Health and Safety operational al Consultant day) World Bank Safeguards Representatives phase *Training Policy and (EHSRs) materials= 1000 environmental -Environmental, *2no. management Health and Safety Facilitators @1000 each Officers (EHSOs) =2,000.00 -Security Coordinator Feeding =2500.00 Training venue = 1500.00 2. Environmental Health Environmental, Health Annually EHS 12,000.00 and Safety Trainings and Safety Consultant Representatives Consultant’s (EHSRs) Fees = 5000.00 -Environmental, Health and Safety Training venue Officers (EHSOs) & feeding= 3000.00 Training materials = 4000.00 2. Health and Safety -SME staff Monthly EHSSO/ 500.00 per Meetings -Anchor farms workers EHSRs/ month -FBO EHSOs/ members/smallholder Security Annual Cost= farmers Coordinator 6,000.00 -Security personnel 3. Field demonstrations -Anchor farmers Periodically SME/ EHSSO/ 20,000.00 and in-service trainings -FBOs/Smallholder EHSRs/ annually on agronomic farmers EHSOs/ Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 200 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA No Activity Target Group/ Timeline/ Proposed Estimated . Participants Frequency Facilitator Cost/(Gh₵) practices, appropriate Agricultural use and handling of Extension agrochemicals, Officers environmental health and safety issues, waste management, etc. 4. Community -Project communities Biannually SME sensitization on -No. of project, environmental communities = 6 and health & safety -Number of issues, grievance sensitizations = redress mechanism, 12 etc. Cost per sensitization = 1000.00 Total cost of sensitisation =12,000.00 TOTAL COST 105,200.00 9.2 Public Participation The offices of the scheme management will always be open to the general public for complaints/grievances, suggestions and advice on environmental related issues. Complaints and suggestions may also be channeled through the Scheme Manager, EHS Officer and WUA executives. 9.3 Grievance Redress Mechanism A grievance is any query, call for clarification, problems, and concerns raised by individuals or groups related to activities undertaken or processes applied by the project. Grievances can be an indication of growing stakeholder concerns and can escalate if unidentified and resolved. The management of grievances is therefore a vital component of stakeholder management in ensuring the sustainability of the project. A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is therefore a system by which queries or clarifications about a project are responded to, problems that arise out of implementation are resolved and grievances are addressed efficiently and effectively. An effective and efficient GRM should have multiple avenues or channels for lodging complaints, transparency, promptness and timeliness of responses and clear procedures. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 201 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA The EHSSO of KIS will be responsible for receiving grievances which may be channeled to him/her directly through face-to-face communication, phone calls, letters, e-mail, text messages, etc. Grievances may also be sent to the EHSSO through the EHSRs, EHSOs and Security Coordinator. The EHSSO shall have a log book for keeping records of all grievances received. Any grievance received from the public shall be treated confidentially and resolved in a transparent and fair manner. The grievance will be acknowledged within 24 hrs and from receipt. For simple complaints, the EHSSO will respond within 48 hrs to resolve the complaints or meet with the person filing the complaint to discuss the issue and further steps. The EHSSO shall endeavour to resolve the complaints within a reasonable time (no more than 2 weeks). The process of resolving grievances shall comprise the following tiers: 1. Environment, Health, Safety and Security Committee: 2. Scheme Management Entity; 3. District Assembles; and 4. Court of Law. From the stakeholder engagements carried out for the proposed project, many grievances are not anticipated to arise from the project implementation and any unforeseen grievances may be resolved at the second tier (Scheme Management Entity) in the worst case. If a resolution is not reached from the first three steps, the complainant may seek legal action for redress. However, noting that court cases can be cumbersome and time consuming, it is of high opinion that court cases should be the last ‘resort’ and all effort must be made to reach amicable settlement at the very early stages of complaints by affected persons. The process of resolving grievances is summarized in Figure 8-2. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 202 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA TIER 1 Grievance received by EHSSO (acknowledged within 24 hr.) EHSS Committee to meet and take decision TIER 2 1 week Complainant not satisfied (Grievance Feedback to unresolved complainant Complainant satisfied Grievance sent to with decision Scheme Supervisor (Grievance resolved) 2 wks TIER 3 Decision taken through discussion Complainant not with management satisfied (Grievance and Complainant unresolved Complainant Grievance sent to satisfied (Grievance District Assembly resolved) (Relevant Office) 2-4 wks TIER 4 Decision taken Complainant not through discussion satisfied (Grievance with all parties unresolved Complainant Complainant takes satisfied (Grievance legal action resolved) Law Court Rules Figure 9-2: Grievance Redress Process for KIS Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 203 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 9.4 Environmental and Social Management Budget The environmental and social management plans described above require detailed cost analysis after project development to determine the budget needed for implementation. Management has however earmarked Nine Hundred and Seventy-Three Thousand, Eight Hundred and Fifty Ghana Cedis (GH¢973,850.00) annually on environmental monitoring and training and awareness creation programmes as well as reporting as shown in Table 9-3. This figure is subject to review following confirmation from cost studies to be carried out after project development phase. Table 9-3: Environmental and Social Management Budget No. Programme Cost/year (GH₵) 1. Environmental monitoring (details provided in Table 8--1) 147,000.00 2. Implementation of mitigation and enhancement measures (details 700,650.00 provided in Table 7-1) 3. Capacity building and training (details provided in Table 9-2) 105,200.00 4. Environmental Auditing and Reporting (cost for engaging local 15,000.00 consultants)  Annual environmental, health and safety audits  Returns of Monitoring Reports to EPA (in line with LI 1652)  Preparation of Annual Environmental Reports (in line with LI 1652)  Preparation of Environmental and Social Management Plan (in line with LI 1652) 5. Grievance Redress 6,000.00 Management and Stakeholder Meetings Total 973,850.00 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 204 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 10.0EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES Response measures have been proposed for the following emergencies which may arise during project implementation: i. fire; ii. medical or accidents; iii. agrochemical spill; iv. oil spill; and v. flooding. 10.1 Fire Emergency Small fires Small fires are put out quite safely. A simple firefighting procedure followed to put out a small fire is provided below:  the first person to sight the fire must sound the fire alarm if at a warehouse/ workshop/ office premises or shout FIRE!! FIRE!! FIRE!! if at the farm;  farmers and workers trained to use fire extinguishers (fire volunteers) are permitted to fight fire on site. All others must evacuate the area;  tackle fire in its very early stages at the source;  always put your own and other people’s safety first. Make sure you can escape if you need to and never let a fire block your exit;  never tackle a fire if it is from a position against the prevailing wind direction and if the source cannot be determined. If in an enclosed area such as warehouse/workshop/office premises, never tackle a fire if it is starting to spread or has spread to other items in the room or if the room is filling with smoke;  if the situation is solved, investigate the reason for the fire and clean the place.  report to the EHSRs/EHSOs/Security Coordinator/EHSSO. Large fires These are fires that cannot be put out by the trained fire volunteers and the GNFS will have to be called to fight it. The evacuation procedures to follow include:  the first person to sight the fire must sound the fire alarm if at the warehouse/mill/ workshop/office premises or shout FIRE!! FIRE!! FIRE!! if at the farm;  evacuate the building or area and report at the ASSEMBLY POINT;  immediate report to the EHSRs/EHSOs/Security Coordinator/EHSSO to call the GNFS;  contact numbers of the GNFS (Shai Osudoku District/Lower Manya Krobo District) will be conspicuously displayed at offices, warehouses, workshop and security posts;  the EHSRs/EHSOs/Security Coordinator/EHSSO has to check on remaining farmers and workers and carry out a fast, calm and secured evacuation;  a head count will be conducted to ensure all farmers and workers are safe and present;  if there have been any injuries, they will be conveyed to the nearest health facility (Osuwem and Asutsuare Health centres, SODA district Hospital, Dodowa);  keep records of any injuries and the fire event. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 205 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 10.2 Medical or Accident In the event of any accident or injury the procedures to follow include:  if it is a minor accident/injury and the victim can move, he/she should report to the EHSR/EHSO;  the EHSR/EHSO who is trained in administering first aid, will treat the injury.  the EHSR/EHSO will decide if the victim needs further treatment at the Medical Centre and if so will arrange together with the EHSSO for the victim to be sent to the nearest health facility (Osuwem and Asutsuare Health centres, SODA district Hospital, Dodowa) immediately;  the EHSR/EHSO together with the EHSSO will investigate and take records of the accident/injury including the source and cause of the accident/injury;  if the accident/injury is such that the victim cannot move by him/herself but can be moved, the farmer/workers present should assist him/her to the EHSR/EHSO to administer first aid and arrange for the person to be sent to the nearest health facility immediately;  if the accident/injury is such that the victim cannot be moved, the workers/farmers present should put him in a stable condition and immediately call the EHSR/EHSO/EHSSO. The EHSSO will immediately arrange for medical staff from the nearest health facility to be brought to the farm to attend to the victim;  all accidents and injury will be recorded by the EHSSO. In the event of someone falling into the canals the following measures should be followed:  the first person to sight the victim should immediately raise an alarm by shouting HELP!!HELP!!HELP!! to call a Security Personnel to the site;  the Security Personnel (who is trained as a lifeguard) should immediately assess the situation and carry out a rescue mission. The Security Personnel should be mindful of his own safety when carrying out a rescue mission and should call for assistance from other Security Personnel;  perform a resuscitation on the victim where necessary and administer first aid.  take the victim to the nearest health facility for further treatment;  report to the Security Coordinator/EHSSO;  an investigation should be conducted and records of the incident kept. 10.3 Agrochemical Spill Agrochemical spills involving spillages of stored fertilizers, pesticides and weedicides/ herbicides may occur in storage sheds/rooms or on the farm when in use. The procedures to follow include the following. For spillages on concrete floors such as at storage sheds/rooms;  if the spilled agrochemical is solid such as granulated fertilizer, quickly gather and collect the product using the appropriate PPE such as gloves and wash the area with a lot of water and disinfectant;  if the spilled agrochemical is liquid, quickly contain the spillage using saw dust provided at the site to prevent the spilled product from spreading. Collect the used saw dust, wash the Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 206 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA surface with a lot of water and disinfectant and report to the EHSR/EHSO who will decide the appropriate disposal of the used saw dust together with the EHSSO;  if the spilled product gets into contact with any part of the body, quickly wash the body part with a lot of clean running water and immediately report to the EHSR/EHSO/EHSSO. For spillages at the farm;  If the spilled product is solid such as granulated fertilizer, gather and collect the product which would have mixed with soil using a shovel and wearing gloves and report to the EHSR/EHSO/EHSSO to decide on its use or disposal;  If the spilled agrochemical is liquid, immediately use a shovel to scoop the contaminated soil into a container. Ensure to scoop beyond the contaminated area to ensure no contaminated soil is left uncollected. Immediately report to the EHSR/EHSO to take a decision on its appropriate disposal together with the EHSSO;  If the spilled product gets into contact with any part of the body, quickly wash the body part with a lot of clean running water and immediately report to the EHSR/EHSO/EHSSO. 10.4 Oil Spill Oil spills may involve spillages of fuel and lubricants which may occur whiles in storage or in use on hard surfaces (concreted/ tiled/paved floor) such as at storage sheds/rooms, workshop or on the ground. Spillage on hard surface  Immediately contain the spillage using saw dust provided at the site to prevent it from spreading;  Collect the used saw dust, wash the surface with a lot of water and disinfectant and report to the EHSR/EHSO who will decide the appropriate disposal of the used saw dust together with the EHSSO;  If the spilled product gets into contact with any part of the body, quickly wash the body part with a lot of clean running water and immediately report to the EHSSO. Spillage on the ground  Immediately use a shovel to scoop the contaminated soil into a container. Ensure to scoop beyond the contaminated area to ensure no contaminated soil is left uncollected;  Immediately report to the EHSR/EHSO to take a decision on its appropriate disposal together with the EHSSO;  If the spilled product gets into contact with any part of the body, quickly wash the body part with a lot of clean running water and immediately report to the EHSSO. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 207 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 10.5 Flooding Flooding of the farm may occur from continuous heavy rainfall resulting in pools of water in low lying areas of the field, including the paddy fields for rice cultivation, or the distribution canals and streams overflow their banks to flood portions of the farm. As a preventive measure to flooding, the following measure must be followed especially during the rainy season;  drainage channels for paddy fields should be cleared of silt and weeds to allow free flow of water;  channels in between plots for other crops should be opened at the commencement of the rainy season by clearing any weeds, dead vegetative material or soil to allow free flow of water during the rainy season. When such flooding occurs the measures to follow include:  for paddy fields (rice cultivation area), open the wastewater outlet of the paddy field to allow the water flow out;  for other low lying areas of the field inundated with water, create channels to link the flooded areas to the “inter-plot” channels to allow the flood water flow through the “inter - plot” channels out of the farm;  stay away from the boundary of the streams, drainage channels and canals. If possible use pegs/poles to show the boundary of the streams, drainage channels and canals to serve as a guide to others;  report to the EHSRs/EHSOs/Security Coordinator/EHSSO. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 208 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 11.0 DECOMMISSIONING In the event decommissioning is necessary, a decommissioning plan will need to be fashioned out should it become necessary at any point in time. The scope of decommission is categorised below under the post-construction and post operational phase. Post construction decommissioning involves work camp facilities and equipment, while post operational phase decommissioning will involve the reservoir and I&D infrastructure management. 11.1 Post-construction Decommissioning The work camp facilities will be dismantled and relocated for use at other project sites of the contractor. Bulldozer, hydraulic excavator, pumps, generators, vehicles and other equipment and machinery used for the project will be relocated to new or other project sites in the country managed by the Contractor. Any waste to be generated from the decommissioning process will be properly disposed. Recyclable waste such as machinery and equipment parts will be handed over to scrap dealers for recycling. Non-recyclable waste will be collected and dumped at the Municipal Assembly’s approved dump site. The appropriate Oil Marketing Company (OMC) will dismantle any fuel storage tank and the single dispensing pump stand if any. 11.2 Post-Operational Phase Decommissioning The proposed Irrigation and Drainage Infrastructure will not be decommissioned, but will be rehabilitated when necessary to ensure the continued operation of the Kpong Irrigation Scheme. However, before any future large-scale rehabilitation work is undertaken, a new environmental impact assessment study will be carried out in accordance with the Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999, LI 1652. The EPA will be notified through registration of the undertaking. Other stakeholders such as the Water Resources Commission, the Shai Osudoku Municipal Assembly and Lower Manya Krobo District Assembly will be informed prior to the commencement of such a project. The project is analysed over a 25-year period, during which it is expected that most of the civil works structures would still be in a good state of use. The crops to be cultivated are annual crops and complete their life cycle, from germination to production of seed, within one year. They can be cultivated for as long as the necessary factors of soil nutrient, water availability, market availability etc. exist. 11.2.1 Decommissioning Plan In keeping with environmental regulations of the country including the Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999, LI 1652, a reclamation or post project closure plan with time frame and cost estimates will be periodically discussed with the relevant regulatory authorities (the EPA, GCAP and Lower Manya District Assembly and Shai Osudoku District Assembly). Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 209 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Potential Decommissioning Activities In the event that the project has to be decommissioned, this will be done at the end of the planting season. The principles of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover (4 R’s) will be applied in all decommissioning phase activities. The likely activities to be carried out during decommissioning of the project are further discussed below. Stakeholder Consultation Before a decision is taken to discontinue the proposed rehabilitation project, GIDA /KIS will extensively inform and make its programme available to relevant stakeholders including regulatory agencies such as the EPA, WRC and GNFS, other government agencies such as the Lower Manya District Assembly, Shai Osudoku District Assembly, local authorities including the Chiefs and elders of the Osudoku amd Manya Traditional Council. Consultations will also be held with farmers. Evacuation of Farmers and Workers At the end of the last farming season, farmers and workers within the KIS will be made to leave the project site. Work at warehouses, workshops and offices will also cease after the last consignment of produce are sold and workers made to leave. Removal of Moveable Property Moveable property including equipment and machinery will be removed from the site and sent to new project sites for use or sold to potential users or donated. Transfer of Ownership of Non-Moveable Property Non-moveable property which will include the canal system will not be demolished. They will be handed over to the government through the Lower Manya District Assembly and Shai Osudoku District Assembly for reuse. Waste Management Any waste to be generated from the decommissioning process will be properly disposed. Recyclable waste such as machinery and equipment parts will be handed over to scrap dealers for recycling. Non-recyclable waste will be collected and dumped at the District Assembly’s’ approved dump site. Site Restoration/Rehabilitation To restore the irrigation scheme farmlands, the management will plant trees (including nitrogen fixing trees) and cover crops within the project area.This will be done in consultation with the Lower Manya Krobo District Assembly and Shai Osudoku District Assembly and other stakeholders such as the landowners and community leaders. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 210 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 12.0 CONCLUSION GCAP and the Scheme Management Entity for KIS are committed to ensuring sustainable environmental management and safeguarding the health and safety of the farmers and all other workers as well as the general public in the implementation of the proposed Rehabilitation and Modernization Project. It is also aware of the provisions in the Environmental Protection Agency Act 1994, Act 490 and Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999, LI 1652. In keeping with these laws, this ESIA has identified and assessed key environmental and social impacts and concerns that may arise from the implementation of the proposed project. Stakeholder consultations, which play a critical role in integrating economic, social and environmental concerns in the environmental and social impact assessment process by sharing and obtaining inputs was also carried out. All relevant stakeholders, including regulatory agencies and other government institutions, and the District Assemblies were consulted and their views and concerns integrated in this report. Consultations with stakeholders, review of relevant literature, field inspections and studies underpinned the identification of the project adverse environmental and social impacts. Mitigation measures have been provided to address these impacts and any residual impacts arising after application of the full mitigation measures will be minor or negligible. A monitoring programme to help detect changes arising from the predicted adverse impacts has also been prepared and presented in the report together with a PESMP. The recommendations laid out in the PESMP for the project should also ensure a high level of environmental protection is maintained. The proposed rehabilitation project has the potential to provide numerous benefits to the project communities and the national economy. These include employment opportunities for farmers and farm hands, workers, enhancement of income and livelihoods, increased food production, food security and improvement in revenue generation of regulatory institutions and the national economy. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 211 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA 13.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY Biodiversity and Tropical Forests Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment. USAID- Ghana. May 2011. Draft Technical Assessment Report, Consultancy Service to Update the Design and Construction Supervision of the Rehabilitation of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS), Draft Detailed Design Report for the Rehabilitation and Modernization of the Kpong Irrigation Scheme (June, 2017). ESIA for the Sisili-Kulpawn Irrigation Project by Wienco and the Babator Farming Hub Project by AgDevCo Ghana Limited; Environmental Scoping Report for Abians Company Ltd (a selected GCAP grantee within the KIS catchment), April 2016; Environmental and Social Impact Statement for the Babator Farming Hub Project – Final Report, 2015. Environmental and Social Management Framework for the Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project – Final Report (GCAP), 2011. FAO, International Code of Conduct on Pesticides Management (revised 2014), (Rome: FAO, 2014) http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Pests_Pesticides/Code/CODE_2 014Sep_ENG.pdf Gbireh, Z.A (2015) Anyako Farms Limited Feasibility Level Assessment Report. Ghana Statistical Service (2014); 2010 National Population & Housing Census. District Analytical Report. Lower Manya Krobo District Ghana Statistical Service (2014); 2010 National Population & Housing Census. District Analytical Report. Shai Osudoku District Herpetological Survey in the Volta Region, Eastern Ghana, February 2002 Hydrochemical study of water collected at sections of the lower Volta River (Akuse to Sogakope) Ghana, October 2013; IFC Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines Kpong Irrigation Scheme Annual Report, 2015 Ministry of Environment and Science, 2002. National Biodiversity Strategy for Ghana. National Land Policy, 1999. National Water Policy, 2007. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 212 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Pest Management Plan (PMP) for GCAP – Draft Final Report; November 2011 Project Implementation Manual for Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project (GCAP) – Final Draft, 2013. Project Appraisal Document of GCAP; February 2012 Report on Land Diagnostic Study of the Accra Plains; May 2017 Restructuring Paper of GCAP; February 2018 Rödel, M.O. and Agyei, A.C. (2002). Herpetological Survey in the Volta Region, Eastern Ghana. Available online from: http://www.cepf.net/Documents/voltasurvey.pdf (Accessed on 20 February 2016). Schiotz, A. (1969) Amphibia of West Africa: a review. Niger Fld., 34: 4-17. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 2011. http://www.pops- gmp.org/res/file/UNEP-POPS-COP_5-INF-27.pdf WHO, Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification, (Geneva, 2009). http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/pesticides_hazard_2009.pdf World Bank group Operational Safeguard Policies World Bank Group, Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Annual Crop Production, March 30, 2016. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 213 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA ANNEXES Annex 1a EPA Response to the Project Registration Annex 1b EPA Response to Scoping Annex 1c Matrix of GCAP and World Bank Comments and sections where comments are addressed Annex 1d Matrix of World Bank Comments on Revised Final Report and sections where comments are addressed (Aug 2018 and April 2019) Annex 2a National Environmental Quality Guidelines Annex 2b Status of Required Environmental Approvals Annex 3 Water Quality Results Annex 4 Results of Terrestrial Ecological Study Annex 5 Evidence of Stakeholder Consultations Annex 6 Copy of the Scoping Notice Publication Annex 7 Air and Noise Level from a Typical Rice Mill Annex 8 Extracts of EPA’s Revised Register of Approved and Banned Agrochemicals (February, 2017) Annex 9 WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard Classes – Class 1a, Class 1b and Class II. Annex 10 Annexes A and B of Stockholm Convention. Annex 11 Terms of Reference Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 214 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Annex 1a EPA Response to the Project Registration Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 215 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Annex 1b EPA Response to Scoping Report Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 216 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA REVIEW COMMENTS ON SCOPING REPORT ON THE PROPOSED REHABILITATION AND MODERNIZATION OF THE KPONG IRRIGATION SCHEME Comments from EPA Section addressed Page 25 Figure 2:Layout of the Kpong irrigation Scheme Addressed in Figures 3-1 and 3-2  Provide a more legible scheme  Provide pictures showing the project area of influence Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions  It would be useful to include the current Addressed in Section 3 3 infrastructure on site  Attach an environmental Audit Report of the Addressed in Section 3.5 9 existing scheme taking into account environmental challenges with the scheme Outcome of Stakeholders Consultations Attach evidence of consultation with the Addressed in Section 5.3 Osuwem Traditional Council, Area, Chiefs and elders in the project area of influence. The consultation should come with the list of people consulted and pictures taken during consultations. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 217 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Annex 1c Matrix of GCAP and World Bank Comments on Draft Report and sections where comments are addressed Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 218 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA COMMENTS FROM GCAP Comments Response The format is good and follows that of the Ghana EPA. Revised to reflect proposed scheme It seems the consultant lacks a clear understanding of management operation in section 3.6.5 the role of the Scheme Management Entity. Since the SME may not be directly involved in the day to day practices/management of individual farmers. The mitigation section needs to be looked at again. Mitigations measures are often presented in very Mitigation measures in Table 7-3 have been generic form. Example “waste will be disposed of at revised accordingly. the Assembly’s approved dump site”. It is expected that information on the Assembly’s approved dump The contractor(s) waste management plan site be accessed and indicated clearly in the report. will have include disposal options subject to Else, such a statement will fit every document, which approval by the engineering consultant/Client is not the purpose of the ESIA as well as the SODA and LMKDA. It is ideal to present Impact Identification, Mitigation Section 6, 7 and 8 provide tables with and Monitoring in a tabular form after they have been evaluated impacts, mitigation measures and thoroughly discussed monitoring measures respectively Project description is well developed. However, there Revised accordingly. is a need to include clearer maps (they are blur); Baseline is not well developed around key subjects: Section 4 has been revised to include health water born disease and Bilharzia, and livestock and sanitation (Section 4.3.6), Drainage and owners (and grazing sites). Land cover is absent and surface water resources (Section 4.1.3) and should be included, with a map to have a clear Socio – Economic factors. understanding of the changes in land cover that will take place (if any). The overall ecology of the study area should be well described: what are the interaction between habitats, what are the interaction between the main river (Volta) and tributary rivers and wetlands, what are the remaining valuable habitats, etc. Impacts description are rather generic; it gives the Impacts have been addressed under the impression that there are no impacts (is it the case?). impact analysis in Section 6 Will the project add pressure to livestock owners? Will the project affect semi natural or natural habitats? If there is no impact on World Bank sensitive issues (vulnerable people, habitat, wetland, fish spawning sites, birds, etc.) then the ESIA needs to make statements about the nonexistence of such impacts Earth work and soil management needs to go more in The mitigation Table 7-1 in Section 7 depth with real solutions addresses soil management and earthwork Any emergency response plan in case of flooding/fire Addressed in Section 10 outbreak Any need for a chance find procedure for cultural No culturally sensitive sites have been heritage identified. The proposed project area is an Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 219 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Comments Response existing irrigation scheme and thus there is a low possibility of chance finds. Where there is a chance find of cultural resource during project implementation, GCAP will engage competent professionals to assist in the identification and protection of the cultural heritage site. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 220 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA COMMENTS FROM THE WORLD BANK Comments Response Overall, this Category A, ESIA Report is not complete for a Addressed in Section 1 number of reasons. The basis / underpinning of the ESIA is not “The rehabilitation and modernization, given although there is mention of a consultant being engaged has environmental and social implications to prepare an assessment of KIS to recommend rehabilitation at the local, district, regional and national and modernization of KIS level. SAL Consult Limited, an environmental & water consulting firm based in Accra, Ghana has been contracted by Ghana Commercial Agricultural Project (GCAP) to carry out the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).” Public Consultation was confined to the officials from GCAP Addressed in Section 5 (George Amoasah - Environment and Robert Abaane – Social), Consultation were held with project KIS, GIDA, Regulatory Agencies, Other Government communities such as Kasunya, Dogbedzi Institutions, Political Authorities, and the Project Beneficiaries. and Nyapienya. There was also a meeting Public was not consulted and neither were the villagers some with farmers within the scheme who are of who live within the project boundary and some who live just also community representatives from the outside the boundary. Most of the officials from the above various communities to be potentially companies / government agencies / project beneficiaries have impacted by project activities. The vested interest in the projects and most of them do not live in consultations with them therefore the project area. The review recommends that the Consultant covered issues of community concern as preparing the ESIA should carry out fresh rounds of well concerns of the farmers. (Section consultations with focus on the project impacted people and 5.3). Figure 5.1 shows communities people in the immediate surrounding. Before the involved in the stakeholder consultation. consultations, there should be proper disclosure of information on the project scheme, the phasing of the construction, impacts on the farmers who may have to forgo seasons of planting while the roads, canals, and irrigation structures are being rehabilitated or modernized, imp acts on the farmers once the project is rehabilitated, potential for employment during rehabilitation, etc. . It is recommended that the ESIA include a map showing where the boundary of the Project, the villages and the locations where the consultations were carried out. The outcome of the consultation and the proposed mitigation measures should be summarized in the ESIA and included in the ESMP. Most of the impacts and mitigation measure are generic. There Revised to reflect site-specific impacts and is no mention of construction related impacts, although bulk mitigation measures. See Table 6-5, 6-6, 6- of the project is focused on cleaning up of water storage 7 and Table 7-1. reservoirs, rehabilitation of canals and roads. This is largely because the ESIA report does not provide details of the rehabilitation / modernization work. As a result, there is no Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 221 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Comments Response mention of construction related impacts or the associated mitigation measures. Section 3.5.1 and the associated Table 3.8 titled “Proposed Section 3.6.2 has been revised to reflect Rehabilitation Works for Irrigation and Drainage the comments. Infrastructure” provides glimpses of some of the rehabilitation works and the associated mitigation measures in generic term. For example, according to the description of the existing irrigation system (Section 3.2), in Section A (there are also Sections B and C), there is 16.7 km of main canal, 16 km of catchment drain running parallel to the main canal, ~16 km of Branch Canals, ~59 km of laterals, and ~31 km of sub laterals, all of which will require vegetation removal and disposal, desilting and recycling / disposal of sediments, canal banks stabilization and repairs, and finally concreting of the canal base and side slopes. It is not clear whether the sub laterals will be concreted or piped. Either way, this is a large undertaking requiring lots of construction equipment and personnel. It will also require concrete batching plants, gravel, sand and cement transport and storage areas, construction equipment storage and repair shops, labour camps, etc. In addition to the above, there are 26 night water storage Section 3.6.2 discusses the management reservoir which seem to be full of silt and overgrown with of Excess Construction Material and weeds. The sizes of the reservoirs are not known and the none Unused Excavated Soils of the sediments from the canals or the reservoirs have been tested for pollutants. The proposed mitigation measures recommended in the ESIA include ploughing in some of the vegetation in the field, utilizing some of the sediments in construction and disposing of the rest to the local garbage dump. However, there is no indication of the approx. quantities of the vegetation or sediments which will require handling and disposal, whether the sediments will be stored and dewatered on site, how will it be transported without causing nuisance to the public, whether there is adequate capacity at the dump site, what will be the impact on the dump, etc. It appears that KIS has approx. 400 km of roads (main roads, Addressed in Table 3-9. branch roads, canal inspection roads, link roads, etc.), which requires some degree of repairs, culvert replacements, side drains, etc. This will require large volume of borrow materials and gravels for road surfacing. There is little mention of how many km of the roads will be repaired, what type of repairs will be carried out, how many km will be graveled and how many will be kept as dirt roads with strengthening of sub base and surfacing. There are also references to some roads being widened Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 222 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Comments Response In addition to the above examples, there are numerous other Sourcing of materials has been addressed repairs involving, pumps, valves, weirs, gates and in Section 3.6.2. Potential impacts of instrumentations which will be carried out. The ESIA does not transport of materials has been discussed mention construction related impacts or where the materials in Section 6.6 (sand, gravel, etc.) will be sourced from and the potential impact of transport of materials and equipment on the local inhabitants and safety. There are several references on the project being See Section 3.6.4. implemented in phases but there is no implementation schedule. There are also references that some of the communities may lose road access and some may not be able to farm because of loss of water during canal rehabilitation. However, these are only mentioned in passing without proposing any mitigation measures Ten Annexes are mentioned in the ESIA report of which eight Revised to reflect site specific mitigation annexes are blank. The mitigation measures in Table 7.1 are measures In Table 7-1. generic. Since there is no mention of construction impacts, there no construction related mitigation measures. A number of measures related to disposal of material at the local dump sites are repetitious. I have recommended that the Consultant look at the project specific impacts rather than generic impacts and then provide mitigation measure to counter the impacts. For example, in Table 6.3 it is mentioned that “Construction works at the project may render portions of the roads and existing foot paths inaccessible, temporarily closed or unmotorable during the constructional phase” However no corrective measure is proposed in Table 7.1. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 223 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Annex 1d: Matrix of World Bank Comments on Revised Final Report and sections where comments are addressed (Aug 2018 and April 2019) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 224 May 2019 ESIA for the proposed rehabilitation and Modernization of the KPONG Irrigation Scheme Environmental Safeguards Comments ---REVISED REPORTS --- Final Draft ESIA Main Comments and Inputs Sections Addressed After reading the previous safeguards reports related to this project – P114264 – Ghana Commercial Agriculture and the related AF project – P162525 (PAD, ESIA & ESMF reports), above is a set of relevant comments to be considered by the WB and client teams: The World Bank safeguard Policies triggered for the 1. This is the third report received so far (Tono, Vea and now Kpong projects): Project have been updated in Section 2.2, Table 2-2. The relevant sections with regards to the triggered a. no feedback was received on the comments submitted for the first two projects; policies have been updated in the report. and, b. these third ESIA and EMP reports contains the same mistakes or inconsistencies of the previous ones; 2. From the safeguards perspective, these projects cannot be assessed in an isolated manner: a. as they are part of a set of interventions proposed by the government - and financed by the World Bank ‘project and its AF; and, 3. The ESMF – Updated Report (Feb 2018) was prepared as a required Safeguards instrument for the AF project, to reflect and respond to new demands of the current proposed restructuring; this report was proposed considering a “fully completion of rehabilitation and modernizations activities of 4 (four) main irrigation schemes”… (Kpong Left Bank Irrigation Scheme – KLBIP, Kpong Irrigation Scheme – KIS, both located onm the Volta River below Kpong dam in the Accra Plains; and, Tono and Vea Irrigation Shcemes – both located in the Upper Eastern region of Ghana), “and selected high impact small-scale schemes to ensure it achieves its development objectives”; 4. For the four larger proposed interventions (and for the small ones), consider and incorporate the assessment of impacts and guidelines contained in the updated ESMF report (Feb 2018). That means that: a. All the World Bank Safeguards Policies triggered by the approved ESMF should also be assessed regarding which one of the subprojects, namely: i. OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment; ii. OP 4.04 – Natural Habitats; iii. OP 4.09 – Pest Management; iv. OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources; v. OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement; vi. OP 4.36 – Forests; vii. OP 4.37 – Safety of Dams; viii. OP 7.50 – Projects on International waterways; and, ix. Access to information. b. And if not all of them apply to the specific 4 subprojects, it will be necessary to justify. Please, consider if needed: i. OP 4.04 – Natural Habitats, NOT TRIGGERED, as justified… the proposed actions are in the existing irrigation scheme, and “project locations and design will not affect any critical habitats – land and water areas where most of the native plant and animal species are still present”: 1. ESMF (Feb 2018), Page 84 – “the OP 4.04 and OP 4.36 have been triggered in this project. While the project Is not expected to affect natural habitats, ESIAs prepared during implementation will address any impacts to natural habitats. The project will avoid adverse impact on natural habitats and, where necessary, appropriate plans will be prepared and/ or offsets established to mitigate any impacts. Similarly, for forests, the project may involve some forestation activities. Management plans will be prepared as and when necessary”; 2. Therefore, please the OP 4.04 should be triggered! ii. OP 4.36 – Forests, NOT TRIGGERED, as justified… “the project location and design will not affect any critical forests”: 1. ESMF (Feb 2018), Page 84 – “the OP 4.04 and OP 4.36 have been triggered in this project. While the project Is not expected to affect natural habitats, ESIAs prepared during implementation will address any impacts to natural habitats. The project will avoid adverse impact on natural habitats and, where necessary, appropriate plans will be prepared and/ or offsets established to mitigate any impacts. Similarly, for forests, the project may involve some forestation activities. Management plans will be prepared as and when necessary”: 2. Therefore, please the OP 4.36 should be triggered! iii. OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources, NOT TRIGGERED, justified due the fact that “there is a chance find of cultural resource during project implementation”, may be from the proposed excavation works to open new canals, and the procedure was also identified by the report (see section 4.3.8); in a precautionary way 1. ESMF (Feb 2018), Pager 85 – “the project also triggers OP/BP 4.11 and thus GCAP, contractors and all partners involved in project implementation will follow the chance find procedure below…”; 2. Therefore, please the OP 4.36 should be triggered in a precautionary way! iv. OP 4.37 – Safety of Dams, TRIGGERED in a precautionary way, justified due the fact that, although without considering a construction of a new dam, the 4 proposed irrigation schemes count on existing dams as the water supplier for the agriculture activities; and, also it seems that there is a dam safety report recently prepared and considered as satisfactory. Please, provide more evidences of these reports for both dams – KPONG and TONO/VEA irrigation schemes; c. Please, ensure consistency between the ESIAs reports for the subprojects of irrigation schemes with the proposed and approved ESMF – Updated Report (Feb 2018), regarding the World Bank Safeguards Policies triggered; d. These should also be consistency with the ESIA that are under preparation for the other 6 (six) selected small irrigation schemes (6 other subprojects) at different location of the country – the other six subprojects, including the demand to the necessary safeguards documents (ESIA and ESMF) and the Dam Safety Assessment. 5. Please, for all the four subprojects, consider the inclusion as an annex of the issued environmental permits, or at least, the current status of all the key regulatory approvals; a. As well as, to consider it as a relevant issue to monitor periodically, since the ESIA/ESMP approval until the end of the project cycle; Good to see that issues regarding safety of workers and labor influx issues are included! It does appear in page 13 – legal framework, as well as in the requirements to be meet regarding EHSS A monitoring plan is included in the ESMP There a mention of a “dam safety assessment” in compliance with OP 4.37 – Safety of Dam , could - you please send me this report? MAIN TEXT --- Specific Comments SAL’s Remove SAL’s company logo (cover page and headers), reviewers’ names (page i), and - administrative others (including the appendices). If they are deemed necessary, move them to the last information page of the whole document. Executive Summary --- Specific Comments Review accordingly with the suggested review of the main text 2nd table Page iii Include the total amount of km or each one of the main elements, such as… The executive Summary has been updated to include total 179,80 km Main Canal System (main canal plus others), 61,50 km Drainage amounts.(See page iii to v) System and 48.16 km road system (main and lateral roads) Chapter 1.0 INTRODUCTION --- Specific Comments Section 1.4.2 page 3 Include in the Review of Available Literature all relevant WBG Policies, such as This section has been revised to include World Bank Safeguards Policies, EHS Guidelines (general and specific, as needed), Group Operational Safeguard Policies.(See page 4) Procurement requirements and procedures after Uganda, bidding process, code of conduct and others Page 4 There are two mentions of WBG EHS Guidelines for Annual Crop Production – This section has been revised accordingly remove one of them Section 1.4.3 Page 4 Baseline Information Collection, does not include any kind of cadaster or Baseline information in Section 4.3.1 has been updated to census of the specific beneficiaries or project affected persons (page 5, only include information on project beneficiaries/farmers few interviews? – if this is the case, please justify) Section 1.4.6 Page 6 Mentioned “beneficiaries” or “project affected persons” or “interest groups” The baseline includes information of project beneficiaries are not identified by the main text also (See section 4), stakeholder consultations also Has any type of evaluation or analysis of social organization been made during involved project beneficiaries/project communities (See the identification of key stakeholders? section 5.3) Chapter 2.0 POLICY, LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS --- Specific Comments Section 2.1 Page 7 No mention of archaeological or historical heritage or issues related to For involuntary resettlement in Ghana, In the event where involuntary resettlement, if there are inhabitants have to be displaced, the State is to resettle them on “suitable land with due regard for their economic well-being and social and cultural values”. (1992 Constitution of Ghana, Article 20). However there is no specific provision with respect to additional assistance and monitoring. In this regard, the world bank O.P 4.12 Involuntary resettlement is applied Section 2.2 Page 10 Good to see mentions to land use planning policies, as well as labor The national policies regarding biodiversity or protected conditions, gender, children and dispute resolution areas include 1994 forest and Wildlife Policy , 2012 Forest No mention of national policies or laws regarding biodiversity or and wildlife Policy , Forest Protection (Amendment)act protected/conservation areas 625,2002, Interim measures for controlling illegal harvesting outside forest reserves of 1995. These however do not apply as the project area is not a forest, wildlife or conservation area. The project area is largely disturbed agricultural land. Section 2.5 Page 20 - OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources: excavation works are expected, due O.P 4.11 is not triggered for this project because the to the opening of new canals, as part of the Ma in Canal System (“new rehabilitation works are confined to the already developed main system canals replacing lateral canals…” and others). Therefore, the area. However, procedures for random findings have been OP 4.11 should be triggered in a precautionary way to prevent for finding chances. Project implementation will not have negative impacts on included as section 4.3.8 in an unlikely event of a chance known physical cultural resources. Subprojects with direct and negative find. impact on archaeological, paleontological, historical or other culturally significant sites will not be eligible. However, they may include in your area historical sites and / or archaeological discoveries. As such, the impacts and procedures of "random findings" resulting from Component 5 investments (if any) will be assessed under the ESIA, and the resulting ESMF will provide relevant forecasts to mitigate possible adverse impacts. Such provisions shall include observance of the national guidelines in relation to historical sites and / or archaeological discoveries. (Not Applicable to KIS ). O.P 4.12 is triggered in Section - OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement: several times in the main text are 2.2 ( Page 25) mentions of PAPs – project affected persons, or the potential impact of temporary economic displacement, all caused by the proposed interventions; or even with land acquisition demands. However, it is quite difficult to believe that in 180 km of canal rehabilitation, 62 km of rehabilitation of drainage systems and 48 km of road rehabilitation there will be no chance of finding any residential or commercial occupations (regular or otherwise) to be removed in function of the works. OP 4.12 should be triggered, even in a precautionary way and all the required instruments prepared during this stage of the project, ensuring that all potential impacts will be addressed - Chapter 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND ALTERNATIVES --- Specific Comments Section 3.2.2.1 Page 31 Farming population, is there any kind of cadaster or census to better assess the Section 4.3.1 has been updated to include information on main beneficiaries of the project? Weak description or qualification of the main farmers within the scheme from the 2015 annual report beneficiaries and/or PAPs Section 3.3 Page 42 Good to see that there is a good assessment of the current scheme conditions The issues identified under section 3.5 have been and its compliance with Env&Soc Safeguards policies. discussed in section 6(Evaluation of impacts), these include Therefore, it is also expected that these issues will be well addressed by the sanitation issues, waste management, agrochemical use, mitigating measures or proposed action plans for the rehabilitation or water supply among others. Mitigation and monitoring modernization project, improving the efficiency of the existing irrigation measures have also been identified for identified issues. scheme. Please, verify and review as needed. Section 3.4.5 Page 65 Proposed Area for Contractor’s Site Set Up – please, consider all the Section 3.6.2 has been revised accordingly (see page 77) requirements and good practices to deal with labor conditions, health and safety, communities and proposed facilities, environmental management and so on, addressing all the potential concerns and the new WBG guidelines Section 3.4.6 Pages Disposal of Excavated Materials – please, again, the expected volume of The excavation work will be limited to the irrigation drains 65 and excavated material is not negligible, so it is really crucial to trigger OP 4.11 - and canals. It will not extend to any new area However, 66 Physical Cultural Resources, as already mention. It is great that it would also procedures for random findings have been included as be used as material required for filling. But, please, ensure and give some section 4.3.8 in an unlikely event of a chance find during evidences in this report, that all boot material has been used or scorned excavation. during the execution of the works, if it will use areas legally indicated for this purpose Section 3.4.7 Pages Good to see that “training and extension” activities are proposed For KIS, Conflict of land and water use and plot allocation 66 to 73 Good to see that a “dispute settlement committee” is proposed, and that has been evaluated in Table 6-4, on page 159. issues related to the potential conflict of water use are considered – not seen in the rest of the report --- and very important issue to address as a high impact and risk of the proposed project. Conflict of water use between different or several potential users: for irrigation, human supplies, agricultural activity, fishing activities or others. This is an important issue that should be better explored when evaluating potential project impacts and risks Section 3.6 Pages Good to see that alternatives analysis were considered and between several The remarks column of the analysis of alternatives table 75 to 83 different dimensions and sector, such as: large scale x small holder farming, provides justifications for the various options selected service contract x PPPs, water supply – rainfed x irrigation, lateral canal channel rehabilitation, power supply; and, also alternatives analysis between different types of irrigation system… drip irrigation, center pivot irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, surface irrigation (flood and furrow irrigation methods), and cropping system, mono x mixed cropping. The suggestion is to include at least 2 or 3 final paragraphs to better focused on the outputs and results of these analysis, and also including a much better justification, if this would be the case, to choose the surface irrigation as the better option, despite the demand of too much water, in a clear and explicit manner Chapter 4.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS --- Specific Comments Section 4.1 and Pages The evaluations made are generic and not always focused on the specific Section 4 has been updated to include specific evaluations 4.2 84 to areas of project intervention. Little detail, superficial evaluation and not of concerns and project interventions for project 106 always drawing attention to the main problems, such as water quality, beneficiaries and the project area. This includes issues on conflicts over water use, sanitary problems, presence of contaminants , use of sanitary problems, presence of contaminants, use of agrochemicals and others agrochemicals and others. Section 4.1.6 Pages Inadequate water supply to the fields is one of the key concerns/issues raised Although public dumping in open spaces is the most 97 and during the stakeholder consultation process. And particularly relevant, when common form of solid waste disposal in the district within 98 we are facing contamination with manganese – which may affect crop yield and the neighboring communities, household burning of solid soil sustainability, as well as, facing issues regarding habits and practices to be waste is the most common practice .(Section 4.3.5 page changed by the community – regarding contamination with fecal coliforms. 121) This is another point not addressed and of relevant importance to the success of the project. The provision of specific sites / latrines is mentioned as a In addition to the provision of toilets/latrines mitigation measure to be taken, but the necessary adoption of a broad and consistent plan measures include provision and use of bins and and to address health and environmental education issues related to the project is education of farmers against open defecation and other not explored. There is also a mention of existing public dump on open space for sanitation issues.( See Table 7-1 , page 178) solid waste disposal – “the most widely practiced method of solid waste disposal”, as noted in page 113. The project is rehabilitating the existing scheme which is a And despite of all this, we are selecting as the best option the use of the surface surface irrigation scheme. irrigation system – a better justification is needed once more Section 4.2.2.6 Page Fisheries – “the reservoir is an import source of fin-and-shell-fish for Not applicable for KIS. 106 communities surrounding the reservoir”. Another issue that should be better assess, the presence of fisheries communities, and also the main impact and risk of the project. Reinforces the problems already mentioned regarding the conflict of water use, with analyzes still precarious and few solutions proposed to address the main issues. Section 4.3.5 Pages It seems that some communities in the project area do not have water supply The provision of potable water has been proposed for 111 and systems, “about 58% of the total population has access to safe water sources, consideration by GCAP.(table 7-1 , page 172) 112 thus pipe and boreholes”, putting pressure in the water use conflict, an issue to be better explored and solved by action plans proposed by the project. Section 4.3 Pages Analysis of social issues made quite superficially and with little focus on the Specific social issues on the farmers within the scheme 108 to beneficiary groups affected by the project. It deserves the appreciation of a area has been provided in the Baseline study (see section 115 social expert, who can better comment and recommend specific actions to 4). address the relevant social issues Chapter 5.0 STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION AND CONSULTATION --- Specific Comments It deserves the appreciation of a social expert, who can better comment and recommend specific actions to address the relevant social issues Table 5.1 Pages Summary of stakeholder’s consultation included very several relevant issues Section 5.4.2 provides a summary of the concerns /issues 120 to that should be better explored and addressed by the project from consultations and the proposed actions or solution 131 responses. These issues include livelihood concerns, Section 5.4.2 Page This summary should be better explored regarding main concerns raised by water quality deterioration, lack of potable water and 132 the project communities, but also should include the eventual discussion of sanitation facilities etc. These have been evaluated and proposed actions and solutions also raised by them mitigation measures provided ( see Section 6 &7) A very relevant issues not mentioned in other parts of the ESIA report is the “refuse to pay the levies” from the farmers --- should also be addressed by some specific communication action plans, to address relevant issues related to habits and resistances Chapter 6.0 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND SIGNIFICANCE --- Specific Comments Tables 6.1 to Pages Please, include all considerations done in the previous sections as well as a The relevant sections have been revised accordingly. All 6.4 133 to better evaluation of the main impacts and risks, such as several issues and the issues identified from the previous sections have been 149 themes already mentioned. included. Address in a more consistent manner concerns and requirements of Safeguards Policies OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment, OP 4.04 – Natural Habitats, OP 4.09 – Pest Management, OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources, and OP 4.37 – Safety of Dams Chapter 7.0 MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES --- Specific Comments Tables 7.1 Page Please, include all considerations done in the previous sections as well as a The relevant sections have been revised accordingly. All 150 to better evaluation of the main impacts and risks, such as several issues and the issues identified from the previous sections have been 166 themes already mentioned. included. Address in a more consistent manner concerns and requirements of Safeguards Policies OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment, OP 4.04 – Natural Habitats, OP 4.09 – Pest Management, OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources, OP 4.10 – Indigenous People and OP 4.37 – Safety of Dams Chapter 8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN --- Specific Comments Tables 8.1 Page Please, include all considerations done in the previous sections as well as a The relevant sections have been revised accordingly. All 167 to better evaluation of the main impacts and risks, such as several issues and the issues identified from the previous sections have been 172 themes already mentioned. included. Address in a more consistent manner concerns and requirements of Safeguards Policies OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment, OP 4.04 – Natural Habitats, OP 4.09 – Pest Management, OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources, and OP 4.37 – Safety of Dams Chapter 9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN --- Specific Comments Tables 8.1 Page Please, include all considerations done in the previous sections as well as a The monitoring plan has been revised accordingly. All the 173 to better evaluation of the main impacts and risks, such as several issues and issues identified from the previous sections have been 180 themes already mentioned. included. Address in a more consistent manner concerns and requirements of Safeguards Policies OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment, OP 4.04 – Natural Habitats, OP 4.09 – Pest Management, OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources, and OP 4.37 – Safety of Dams GCAP /MoFA Annex 2a: Relevant Environmental Quality Guidelines . National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values Substance Time Weighted Average (TWA) Averaging Time Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 900 µg/m3 Industrial 1 hr 700 µg/m3 Residential 1 hr 150 µg/m3 Industrial 24 hr 100 µg/m3 Residential 24 hr 80 µg/m3 Industrial 1 yr 50 µg/m3 Residential 1 yr Nitrogen Oxides 400 µg/m3 Industrial 1 hr (measured as N02) 200 µg/m3 Residential 1 hr 150 µg/m3 Industrial 24 hr 60 µg/m3 Residential 24 hr Total Suspended 230 µg/m3 Industrial 24 hr Particulate 150 µg/m3 Residential 24 hr 75 µg/m3 Industrial 1 yr 60 µg/m3 Residential 1 yr PM10 70 µg/m3 24 hr Smoke 150 µg/m3 Industrial 24 hr 100 µg/m3 Residential 24 hr 50 µg/m3 Industrial 1 yr 30 mg/m3 Residential 1 yr Carbon Monoxide 100 mg/m3 15 min 60 mg/m3 30 min 30 mg/m3 1 hr 10 mg/m3 8 hr Hydrogen Sulphide 150 µg/m3 24 hr Mercury 1 µg/m3 1 yr Lead 2.5 µg/m3 1 yr Cadmium 10 - 20 ng/m3 1 yr Manganese 1 µg/m3 24 hr Dichloromethane 3 mg/m3 24 hr (Methylene Chloride) 1,2-Dichloroethane 0.7 mg/m3 24 hr Trichloroethane 1 mg/m3 24 hr Tetrachloroethene 5 mg/m3 24 hr Toluene 8 mg/m3 24 hr Arsenic 30 ng/m3 Industrial 24 hr 15 ng/m3 Residential 24 hr Fluoride 10 µg/l 24 hr Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 225 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA National Ambient Noise Level Guideline (NANLG) The guideline provides for permissible night and day noise levels for variety of settings ranging from residential areas with negligible or infrequent transportation to predominantly heavy industrial areas as shown below. National Ambient Noise Quality Guideline Values ZONE DESCRIPTION OF AREA OF NOISE PERMISSIBLE NOISE LEVEL RECEPTION IN dB(A) DAY NIGHT 0600 - 2200 2200 - 0600 A Residential areas with low or infrequent 55 48 transportation B1 Educational (school) and health (hospital, 55 50 clinic) facilities B2 Areas with some commercial or light 60 55 industry C1 Areas with some light industry, places of 65 60 entertainment or public assembly, and places of worship located in this zone C2 Predominantly commercial areas 75 65 D Light industrial areas 70 60 E Predominantly heavy industrial areas 70 70 Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 226 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA National Effluent Quality Guidelines General Effluent Quality Guidelines for Discharge into Natural Water Bodies- Maximum Permissible Levels Parameter EPA Recommended Guideline Value pH 6–9 Temperature Increase <3oC above ambient Colour 200 TCU Turbidity 75 NTU Conductivity 1500 uS/cm Total Suspended Solids 50 mg/l Total Dissolved Solids 1000 mg/l Oil/Grease 5.0 mg/l Sulphide 1.5 mg/l Total Phosphorus 2.0 mg/l Biochemical Oxygen Demand 50 mg/l (BOD5) 250 mg/l Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 50 mg/l Nitrate 1.0 mg/l Ammonia as N 150 mg/l Alkalinity as CaCO3 2.0 mg/l Phenol 0.005 mg/l Mercury 1.0 mg/l Total Arsenic 0.1 mg/l Soluble Arsenic 0.1 mg/l Lead 0.5 mg/l Total Pesticides 10 mg/l Fluoride 250 mg/l Chloride 200 mg/l Sulphate 400 MPN/100ml Total Coliforms 0 MPN/100ml E. coli 0.1 mg/l Cadmium 0.1 mg/l Chromium (+6) 0.5 mg/l Total Chromium 5.0 mg/l Copper 0.5 mg/l Nickel 1.0 mg/l Selenium 10.0 mg/l Zinc 5.0 mg/l Silver 5.0 mg/l Tin 5.0 mg/l Aluminium 5.0 mg/l Antimony 0.05 mg/l (Source: Environmental Protection Agency, Accra 1997) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 227 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA WHO Drinking Water Quality Guidelines Parameter WHO DWQ Guidelines Field Measurements pH, Units 6.5-8.5* Temperature, oC - Conductivity, µS/cm - Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), mg/l 1,000* Turbidity, NTU 5* Dissolved Oxygen, % - General Physicochemical Parameters Analysed Total Suspended Solids (TSS), mg/l - Colour, TCU 15* Sodium, mg/l 200* Potassium, mg/l - Calcium, mg/l - Magnesium, mg/l - Chloride, mg/l 250* Fluoride, mg/l 1.5 Bicarbonate, mg/l - Sulphate, mg/l 500* Nitrate, mg/l 50 Ammonia, mg/l - Phosphate, mg/l - Free Cyanide, mg/l - Total Hardness, mg/l 200* Total Alkalinity, mg/l - COD - BOD - Metal Parameters Analysed Zinc, mg/l 4.000* Iron, mg/l 0.300* Manganese, mg/l 0.400 Lead, mg/l 0.010 Chromium, mg/l 0.050 Nickel, mg/l 0.070 Arsenic, mg/l 0.010 Cadmium, mg/l 0.003 Copper, mg/l 2.000 Mercury, mg/l 0.006 Cobalt, mg/l Microbiological Parameters Analysed Total Coliform, cfu/100 ml 0* Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 228 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Parameter WHO DWQ Guidelines Faecal Coliforms, cfu/100ml 0 E. Coli, cfu/100ml 0 *There is no health-based guideline value for this parameter. The provided guideline is based the on acceptability by consumers and/or economic and operational considerations for treatment facilities TARGET WATER QUALITY GUIDELINES Agricultural Water Use (Irrigation) The projection of water demand, as envisaged under the Government’s economic programmes with regard to available water resources, indicate that within the next decade water could become a scarce resource in the country. Even where there may be enough water, the quality may have deteriorated due to mining activities, urban and industrial pollution and agricultural and other land-use practices. The Water Resources Commission (WRC) was established with the objective of managing the water resources of Ghana, with a specific mission statement ‘to promote an efficient management system for an environmentally sound development of all water resources in Ghana’. The Commission, in the pursuance of its objective, seeks to set raw water quality criteria and guidelines for the purposes of monitoring and enforcing compliance and ensuring the proper use of raw water. The Ghana Raw Water Quality Criteria and Guidelines comprise the following six volumes: Volume 1: - Domestic Water Use Volume 2: - Recreational Water Use Volume 3: - Industrial Water Use Volume 4(A): - Agricultural Water Use: Livestock Watering Volume 4(B): - Agricultural Water Use: Irrigation Water Volume 5: - Aquaculture Water Use Volume 6: - Protection of Aquatic Ecosystems They are applicable to inland waters, namely rivers, streams, canals, lakes, ponds and other impoundments that are used for particular purposes. Volume 4(B): - Agricultural Water Use: Irrigation Water Constituent TWQR Norm Remarks Aluminium (mg/l) <5 Crop yield and quality Toxicity is reduced by soils through adsorption of complex ions. Arsenic (mg/l) <0.1 Crop yield and appearance Criteria are tentative due to insufficient data. Boron (mg/l) <0.5 Crop yield and appearance Cadmium (mg/l) <0.01 Crop yield and quality Cadmium has potential to accumulate in plants and soils Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 229 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA to concentrations that may be toxic to humans and animals. Chloride (mg/l) <100 Crop yield and quality Chromium (mg/l) <0.1 Crop yield and quality Cobalt (mg/l) <0.05 Crop yield and quality Copper (mg/l) <0.1 Crop yield and quality Faecal Coliform <1 Crop and soil quality; clogging (Counts/100 ml) of equipment Fluoride (mg/l) <2 Crop yield and quality Iron (mg/l) <5 Crop and soil quality; Lead (mg/l) <0.2 Crop yield and quality Generally does not accumulate in edible parts up to levels dangerous to consumers. Lithium (mg/l) <0.25 Crop yield Manganese (mg/l) <0.02 Crop yield and soil sustainability Molybdenum <0.01 Crop yield and quality (mg/l) Nickel (mg/l) <0.02 Crop yield and quality Nitrogen (mg/l) <5 Crop yield and quality; groundwater contamination; <0.5 Nuisance algal growth clogging equipment Parasites/Bilharzia No snails Human health For both full time and intermediate contact. pH 6.5-8.5 Crop yield and quality; soil sustainability; damage to equipment Scaling/Corrosion <-0.2 Damage to equipment (Langelier Index) Selenium (mg/l) <0.02 Crop yield and quality Sodium (mg/l) <70 Crop yield and quality Sodium Absorption <2 Crop yield and quality; Ratio <1.5 Soil condition; Suspended Solids <50 Crop yield and quality; soil (mg/l) sustainability; damage to equipment Total Dissolved <40 Crop yield and quality; soil Solids (mg/l) sustainability Zinc (mg/l) <1 Crop yield and quality; soil sustainability Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 230 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Annex 2b Status of Required Approvals Regulatory body Permits/licenses Applicable Project Phase Remarks Status and certificates Environmental Environmental Yes Prior to After acceptance Permit Protection Permit Construction of final ESIS by acquired Agency Phase the EPA. Environmental Yes Within 18 to 24 After preparation Certificate months of of first ESMP. commencemen Renewable every t of Operations three years Water Water Use Permit Yes Agricultural -Renewal of Yet to be Resources Development water use permit acquired Commission and Operational every three years Phase Ghana National Fire Permit/ Yes Construction of Renewable on Yet to be Fire Service Certificate office buildings/ annual basis acquired facilities Shai Osudoku Development and Yes Prior to - Yet to be District and building approvals construction of acquired Lower Manya (for office facilities Krobo District buildings/ facilities Assemblies Factories Certificate of Yes Construction, Renewable on Yet to be Inspectorate Registration and Agricultural annual basis acquired Department Development and Operational phase. During construction of office, warehouse/ storage units or processing facilities Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 231 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Annex 3 Water Quality Results Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 232 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Annex 4 Results of Terrestrial Ecological Study Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 233 May 2019 METHODOLOGY FOR FLORA AND FAUNA STUDIES - KIS A literature review was conducted to obtain already existing information on the project area. This was followed by a detailed field survey. The literature consulted include Cansdale (1948; 1951); Booth (1958); Schiotz (1969); Hughes and Barry (1969); Decher (1997a); Decher et al. (1997) and Kingdon (1997) for the fauna and Hawthorne and Abu Juam(1995), Taylor (1960) and Hutchinson and Dalziel (1954-72) for the flora. Flora A reconnaissance walk along access routes criss-crossing the study area and along the external boundaries was undertaken to obtain an overview of the extent, topography and complexity of the vegetation. A rapid assessment of vascular plant species was conducted in the proposed project area. Three 20 m - radius sweeps (AB1 to AB3) were studied within the proposed project area. All vascular plants encountered in each sweep were identified and recorded. Sample point positions were recorded with the aid of Global Position System (GPS). A map showing the sample locations within the project site is presented in Fig.1 below. FIG.1 Sample point positions Specimens of species that could not readily be identified in the field were identified in the Ghana Herbarium. Nomenclature follows Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson &Dalziel, 1972).The ecological guild and Star rating for each species were determined using the Forest Reserves of Ghana Geographic Information Exhibitor (FROGGIE) software. The conservation status of all the species were verified in the IUCN Red list. The Bioquality of the study area was assessed by using Genetic Heat Index (GHI), Economic Index (EI), Pioneer Index (PI) for prioritising sites for various land uses (Hawthorne & Abu- Juam, 1995). GHI is a score reflecting how much of a biodiversity hotspot a sample of vegetation is. GHI is calculated in terms of the concentration of globally significant species in the sample, weighted by the degree of rarity (Box 1). Box 1. Calculation of GHI, PI & EI GHI = [(BkS x BkW) + (GS x GW) + (BuS x BuW)] x 100 N where: BkS = Number of Black star species BkW = Weight applicable to Black star species GS = Number of Gold star species GW = Weight applicable to Gold star species BuS = Number of Blue star species BuW = Weight applicable to Blue star species N = Total number of species in a sample NB. Black, Gold & Blue star weights are: 27, 9, 3 respectively PI = [(Pioneers x Pw) + (NPLDs x NPLDw)] x 100 N where: Pw = Pioneer weight NPLDw = NPLD weight N = Total number of species in a sample NB. Pioneer and NPLD weights are 2 & 1 respectively EI = [(SC x SCw) + (RD x RDw) + (PK x PKw)] x 100 N where: SC = Number of Scarlet star species RD = Number of Red star species PK = Number of Pink star species SCw = Scarlet star weight RDw = Red star weight Pkw = Pink star weight N = Total number of species in a sample NB. Scarlet, Red and Pink star weights are: 3, 2 & 1 respectively Star rating definitions Black Star species: Species rare internationally and at least uncommon in Ghana; urgent attention to conservation of populations needed Gold Star species: Fairly rare internationally and/or locally Blue star species: Widespread internationally but rare in Ghana or vice-versa Scarlet star species: Common, but under serious pressure from heavy exploitation Red Star species: Common, but under pressure from exploitation Pink Star species: Common and moderately exploited. Also non-abundant species of high potential value Green Star species: No particular conservation concern, common in Ghana The proportions of species in the various categories were estimated and used in commenting on the ecological significance of the area. Fauna The detailed survey on the fauna of the area involved three main methods viz., direct/opportunistic observation, identification of animal spoors, and interviews. Direct/opportunistic observation involved recording any animal sightings while driving or walking along the main access roads or animal trails to the areas bordering the proposed project site. Transect walks to spot animal spoors (any sign left by a living animal, such as feeding sites, regular pathways, tracks, footprints, faecal pellets, nests, etc.) were also undertaken. Some individuals in villages around the project site were interviewed for information about the fauna of the area. The interviews focused mainly on the identification of the various animals that commonly occurred in the area, and some indication of their abundance (animals are listed as Abundant, Common or Rare). The fauna were classified as either S.1 or S.2 depending on the degree of protection they enjoy under the national wildlife conservation regulation (Schedules, 1995) as follows: S.1. Schedule 1: The hunting, capturing or destroying of these species is prohibited at all times S.2. Schedule 2: The hunting capturing or destroying of these species is absolutely prohibited between 1st August and 1st December of any season. The hunting, capturing or destroying of any young animal, or adult accompanied by its young, of these species is absolutely prohibited at all times. RESULTS General vegetation of the project area The project area lies in the coastal savanna grassland/thicket vegetation type of Ghana (Taylor, 1960). It is typically very open tree savanna with the trees and shrubs forming clumps on scattered termite mounds. Wetter areas protected from fire may have savanna woodland. Azadirachta indica is very widespread in the area. Other woody plants common in the area are Cassia sieberiana and Anogeissus leiocarpus. Grewia carpinifolia, Securinega virosa, Abutilon mauritianum as well as Allopylus warneckei are constituents of the scru vegetation found on the termite mounds. Typical grasses include Hyparrhenia smithianum, Vertiveria fulvibarbis, Schizachyrium sanguineum and Adropogogon canaliculatus. Vegetation of the project site The vegetation of the project site is highly disturbed by human activities. The vegetation left comprises of a highly degraded thicket (Plate 1), rice field (Plate 2) and aquatic weeds. The thicket vegetation had trees such as Azadirachta indica, Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides and Morinda lucida. Some common shrubs, climbers and herbs found in the thicket include Cardiospermum halicacabum, Panicum maximum, Chromolaena odorata and Nauclea latifolia. The aquatic vegetation comprised mainly of shrubs and herbs such as Centella asiatica, Ludwigia erecta, Nymphaea lotus, Eclipta prostrate and Pentodon pentandrus. Plate 1: Thicket on the project site Plate 2: Rice field on the project site Floristic Composition of Study Site A total of 26 species belonging to 21 families and 26 genera were identified in the study area. The family represented by the greatest number of species was Gramineae with 3 species. This was followed by Papilionaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae with 2 species each. All other families recorded were represented by less than 1 species. Appendices 1 and 2 show the species encountered at each sample location and the floristic composition of the project area. Appendix 3 shows that Chromolaena odorata and Azadirachta indica were the most frequent species in the project area, appearing in nearly 66.67% of the sample plots studied. Table 1 shows the life form composition of the plant species encountered in this study. The life forms identified were Tree, Shrub, Herb and Climber. The dominant life form was the Shrub life form, constituting 42.31% of the total record. Herb, Tree and climber life forms followed with 26.92%, 23.08% and 7.69% respectively. Table 1: Distribution of life forms in the flora Life Form Number % Climber 2 7.69 Herb 7 26.92 Shrub 11 42.31 Tree 6 23.08 The species composition by Ecological Guild is presented in Table 2. Non-Forest Weed Pioneer (NF/WP) species formed the majority (57.70%). Pioneer, Swamp and Non-Forest Savannah Planted (NF/SP) species followed with 15.38%, 11.54% and 7.69% respectively. However, 7.69% of the flora was recorded as Not Evaluated (NE). Table 2: Distribution of ecological guilds in the flora Ecological Guild Number % NE 2 7.69 NF/WP 15 57.70 Swamp 3 11.54 Pioneer 4 15.38 NF/SP 2 7.69 Table 3 shows the species composition by star rating. Green star species formed 11.54% of the flora. Blue and Pink star species followed with 3.85% each of the flora. However, the star ratings of 80.77% of the species encountered have not been evaluated. Table 3: Distribution of star rating in the flora Star rating Number % Blue 1 3.85 Green 3 11.54 NE 21 80.77 Pink 1 3.85 The IUCN category of the plant species are shown in Table 4. Some of the species are of least concern (11.54%) while others are data deficient (3.85%). Majority (84.62%) of the species have not been yet assessed by the IUCN. Table 4: Distribution of IUCN status in the flora IUCN Number % Data deficient 1 3.85 Least concern 3 11.54 Not yet assessed 22 84.62 Bioquality analysis of the study area The biodiversity conservation merit calculated for the various samples are presented in Table 5. Table 5: Bioquality of the plots studied at the proposed project site Sample code Species richness PI EI GHI AB1 14 157.14 0.00 21.43 AB2 7 114.29 14.29 0.00 AB3 7 142.86 0.00 0.00 Pioneer Index (PI) The PI values of the plots studied in the proposed project site ranged between 114.29 (AB2) and 1157.14 (AB1). Sample plot AB3 also recorded PI value of 142.86 (Table 5), while the general PI for the area was calculated to be 115.38. Such high PI value indicates that the area is well populated with pioneer species. Some of the pioneer species encountered in the study include Cardiospermum halicacabum, Alchornea cordifolia, Morinda lucida and Elaeis guineensis. Genetic Heat Index (GHI) Sample plot AB1 scored GHI value of 21.43. All other sample plots recorded GHI of 0.00.The general GHI of the proposed project site was 11.54. This low GHI value suggests that the incidence of globally rare plant species are low in the area, and thus of little conservation concern. The Blue star species (widespread internationally but rare in Ghana or vice-versa) encountered in this study was Nauclea latifolia. Economic Index (EI) The EI value of sample plot AB2 was 14.29 as shown in Table 5. All other sample plots recorded EI of 0.00. The EI for the entire area was 3.85. Such low EI value suggests the presence of a few economically important plant species at the project site. The Pink Star species (Common and moderately exploited) encountered in this study was Elaeis guineensis. Fauna of the Project site The project site and its immediate environs are very deficient in wildlife. Biotic pressure in the form of heavy farming and grazing as well as man-made fires have led to a decline in the faunal diversity of the project area. Information about the faunal history of the area obtained through interviews of the local people, most of who were farmers who settled in the area more than 30 years ago is presented below. The responses received led to classification of the fauna of the area into two main groups: Group A - Currently observed species (i.e., species still existing in the area) Group B - Previously- but not currently observed species (i.e., species which occurred before but are now very rare or totally extinct from the area) Group A Mammals: * Neotragus pygmaeus (Royal Antelope) - rarely seen S.2 * Tragelaphus scriptus (Bushbuck) - rarely seen S.2 * Thryonomys swinderianus (Grasscutter) – previously common, but now rarely seen *Cephalophus spp. (Duikers) - common before, but now rarely seen * Cricetomys gambianus (Giant rat) – common S.2 * Euxerus erythropus (Ground Squirrel) - common Birds: * Francolinus spp. (Francolins) – common S.1 * Lophoceros spp. (Hornbills) * Ploceus cucullatus (Village Weaver) – common S.2 * Pycnonotus barbatus (Common Garden Bulbul) - common * Columba spp. (Pigeons) Reptiles: * Philothamnus semivariegatus (Green Tree Snake) * Dendroaspis viridis (Green Mamba) * Psammophis spp. (Sand Snake) * Varanus niloticus (Nile Monitor) - very common S.2 * V. exanthematicus (Bosc's Monitor) - common Group B Mammals: * Cercopithecus spp. (Monkeys) * Galago senegalensis (Senegal Galago/Bush Baby) Reptiles: * Bitis spp. (Vipers) The desk survey indicates that the under listed species are known to be present or have actually been recorded in the vegetation type of the study area: Mammals: Order: INSECTIVORA (Shrews) Crocidura crossei (White-toothed Shrew) C. lamottei C. nigeriae Order: CHIROPTERA (Bats) Hipposideros abae (Leaf-nosed Bat) H. beatus Eptesicus capensis (Serotine Bat) Pippistrellus capensis (Pippistrelle) P. nanulus Eidolon helvum (Straw-coloured Fruit Bat) Epomophorus gambianus (Epauletted Fruit Bat) Glauconycteris variegata Lavia frons Order: RODENTIA (Rodents) Heliosciurus gambianus (Gambian Sun-squirrel) Euxerus erythropus (Western Ground Squirrel) Thryonomys swinderianus (Grasscutter/Cane Rat) Cricetomys gambianus (Giant Rat) Myomys derooi (Meadow Bat) Hylomyscus alleni (Wood Mouse) Order: LAGOMORPHA (Rabbits/Hares) Lepus capensis (Togo Hare) Order: PRIMATES Galagoides demidoff (Demidoff's Galago) Cercopithecus petaurista (Spot-nosed Monkey) C. aethiops (Green Monkey) C. diana (Diana Monkey) Order: CARNIVORA Felis serval (Serval Cat) Civettictis civetta (African Civet) Order: ARTIODACTYLA Cephalophus maxwelli (Maxwell's Duiker) Redunca redunca (Reedbuck) Ourebia oribi (Oribi) Neotragus pygmaeus (Royal Antelope) Birds: Order: CICONIIFORMES Ardeola ibis (Cattle Egret) Nycticorax nycticorax (Night Heron) Order: FALCONIFORMES Gyps bengalensis (White-backed Vulture) Aviceda cuculoides (Cuckoo Falcon) Gypohierax angolensis (Palm-nut Vulture) Elanus caeruleus (Black-shouldered Kite) Reptiles: Order: SQUAMATA (Lizards/Snakes) Mabuya perrotettii (Orange-flanked Skink) Agama agama (Agama/Rainbow Lizard) Hemidactylus brookii (Wall/Brook's Gecko) Hemidactylus fasciatus (Banded Gecko) Lygodactylus spp. (Gecko) Varanus niloticus (Nile Monitor) V. exanthematicus (Bosc's Monitor) Chamaeleo gracilis (Chameleon) Python sebae (African Python) P. regius (Royal Python) Mehelya crossi (File Snake) Boaedon fuliginosus (House Snake) Dasypeltis fasciata (Egg-eating Snake) D. scabra Philothamnus semivariegatus (Green Tree Snake) Prosymna meleagris (White-spotted Snake) Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia (White-lipped Snake) Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus (Beaked Snake) Dromophis lineatus Psammophis elegans (Sand Snake) P. sibilans (Striped Sand Snake) Dispholidus typus (Boomslang) Naja nigricollis (Spitting Cobra) Bitis arietans (Puff Adder) Causus rhombeatus (Night Adder) Amphibians: Bufo regularis (Common Toad) REFERENCES Anon. (2000) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. The IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, U.K. Delany, M.J. & D.C.D. Happold (1979) Ecology of African Mammals. Longman, London. Haltenorth, T. & H. Diller (1988) A Field Guide to the Mammals of Africa including Madagascar. Collins, London Hall, J.B and Swaine, M.D. 1981. Distribution and Ecology of Vascular Plants in Ghana. W. Junk, The Hague Hawthorne, W. 1995. Forest of Ghana Geographic Information Exhibitor manual. IUCN/ODA/Forest Dept. Republic of Ghana. Hughes, B. (1988) Herpetology in Ghana (West Africa). British Herpetological Society Bulletin. 25: 29-38 Hutchinson, J. and J.M. Dalziel. 1954-1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Crown Agents, London. Kingdon, J. (1997) The Kingdom Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press, London. Larsen, T. (1994) The Butterflies of Ghana- Their Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Use. MS Thesis (Unpubl.). Serle, W., Morel, G. J. and Hartwig, W. (1992) Birds of West Africa. Collins, London, 351 pp Hawthorne, W. 1995.Forest of Ghana Geographic Information Exhibitor manual. IUCN/ODA/Forest Dept. Republic of Ghana GCAP /MoFA Annex 5: Evidence of Stakeholder Consultations Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 234 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 235 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 236 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 237 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 238 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 239 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 240 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 241 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 242 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 243 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 244 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 245 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 246 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 247 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 248 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 249 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 250 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 251 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 252 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 253 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 254 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 255 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 256 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 257 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 258 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 259 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 260 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 261 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Annex 6 Copy of the Scoping Notice Publication Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 262 May 2019 GCAP /MoFA Annex 7 Air and Noise Level from a Typical Rice Mill Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 263 May 2019 Air Quality and Noise Level Air quality (dust) analysis and noise level monitoring were conducted in March 2016 at the proposed project site (and the nearest settlement, Akukpom (a suburb of Asutsuare) (monitoring point: N 6.10083°; E 0.14230°) as part of the baseline environmental studies from the proposed project. Sampling Equipment and Methodology Employed Air Quality The active principal sampling mechanism employed was the installation of portable motor-driven SKC Hi-volume dust samplers at each sampling site. The equipment was calibrated in the field prior to use. Background samples were collected for 24 hours on pre-weighed glass fibre filters. These were re- weighed after the sampling in order to determine the weight difference. The flow rate of the sampler was set at 5 Lmin-1. The levels of Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO) in the ambient air were determined using dragger diffusion tubes. Wind speed/directions were determined for the sampling period to facilitate the effective determination of possible areas of impact for air borne pollutants using minimet. The individual samples were gravimetrically analysed using the formula given below TSP/PM10 (µgm-3) = W2 – W1 Fr x T Where: TSP = Total suspended particulate PM10 = Respirable dust W1 = Weight of glass fibre filter before sampling W2 = Weight of glass fibre filter sampling Fr = Flow rate (5 Lmin-1) T = Sampling duration in minutes Noise Level Measurements The noise level assessment was carried out simultaneously with dust levels at the same sampling sites using a Quest 2900 type A Precision Sound Level Meter. The instrument was positioned at a height of 1.2 meters above ground. The meter was calibrated prior to monitoring and the data logged at 3 seconds interval. Results of Assessment Result of Air Quality Assessment The results of the air quality assessment are compared to the EPA’s National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (NAAQG) values in Table 1 Table 1: Results of Air Quality Monitoring TSP EPA Guideline PM10 EPA Guideline No. Sampling Site µgm-3 Value (µgm-3) µgm-3 Value (µgm-3) 1. Abians Company Ltd proposed project 185 230 27 70 site (at KIS site) 2. Akukpom Palm Wine Junction (nearest 170 26.5 150 70 community) The results for air quality at the proposed project site show that both TSP and PM10 are within the EPA guideline values. However, for the nearest community, TSP exceeded the EPA guideline values whiles PM10 was within the EPA guideline values. The high level of TSP at the nearest community may be attributed to dry conditions at the time of monitoring and recent bush burning activities. Results of Noise Level Assessment The data was compared to the EPA’s National Ambient Noise Level Guidelines (NANLG) are presented in Table 2. The results indicate that noise levels recorded at the proposed project site and the nearest community where within EPA’s guideline values. Table 2: Results of Noise Level Monitoring dB(A) EPA Guideline No. Sampling Site Leq Lmax Lmin L10 L50 L90 Value [dB(A)] 1. Abians Company Ltd proposed 56.9 75 49.6 51.1 56.9 56.7 60 project site (at KIS site) 2. Akukpom Palm Wine Junction 50.6 69.8 50.9 52.9 51.0 51.9 55 (nearest community) Legend Leq - Integrated noise level during the measurement period Lmax - Maximum noised level Lmin - Minimum noise level L50 - Average noise level L10 - Nuisance noise level L90 - Background noise level GCAP /MoFA Annex 8 Extracts of EPA’s Revised Register of Approved and Banned Agrochemicals (February, 2017) Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 264 May 2019 (A) Fully Registered Pesticides (FRE) (A1) Insecticides No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 1. Abalone 18 EC FRE/1706/1114G Abamectin (18g/l) II Acaricide for Calli Ghana February 2017 the control of Limited, Tema red spider mite, two-spotted spider mite and tomatoes russet mite in tomatoes. 2. Abamet FRE/1699/1002G Abamectin (92%) II Insecticide for Rainbow August 2016 the control of AgroSciences two-spotted Co. Ltd., mite in cotton Tema and tomato 3. Aceta Star EC FRE/15100/00914G Bifenthrin (30g/l) + II Insecticide for Adama West September 2015 Acetamiprid (16g/l) the control of Africa Ltd., capsids in cocoa Accra 4. Actellic FRE/1406/00811G Pirimiphos-methyl III Insecticide for Calli Ghana 300CS December 2014 (300g/l) public health Co. Ltd., purposes Tema 5. Actellic Gold FRE/1506/00920G Pirimiphos-methyl III Insecticide for Calli Ghana Dust September 2015 (16g/kg) + control of Ltd., Tema Thiamethoxam sitophilus (3.6g/kg) zeamais in stored maize 6. Actforce 48EC FRE/15145/00940G Chlorpyrifos-ethlyl II Insecticide for Jubaili December 2015 (48%) the control of Agrotec Ltd, insect pests in Accra rice, cotton, vegetables and citrus 7. Agricombi 40EC FRE/1602/1040G Fenitrothion (30%) + III Insecticide for Agrimat Ltd., August 2016 Fenvalerate (10%) the control of Madina, Accra aphids, mites and weevils in cotton, fruits and vegetables 8. Akape 20SC FRE/1602/1041G Imidacloprid (20%) III Insecticide for Agrimat Ltd., August 2016 the control of Madina, Accra insect pests in vegetables 9. Alphacep FRE/1502/00935G Alpha-cypermethrin III Insecticide for Agrimat 10 SC December 2015 (100 g/l) the control of Limited, Accra insect pest in vegetables and fruit crops 10. Antuka 95EC FRE/1655/00959G Pirimiphos-methyl II Insecticide for Louis Dreyfus January 2016 (80g/l) + Permethrin the control of Commodities (15g/l) Sitophilus Ghana Ltd., zeamais, Accra Callosobruclus maculatus, aphids and bollworms in cereals Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 1 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 11. Ateco Super FRE/1543/00867G Pirimiphos-methyl II Insecticide for Kumark 25EC June 2015 (250g/l) the control of Company insect pests in Limited, stored cereals, Kumasi cowpea and soybean 12. Attack 1.9EC FRE/14104/00723G Emamectin Benzoate II Insecticide for Agrimat October 2014 (1.9%) the control of Limited, insect pests in Madina, Accra vegetables 13. Ataka Super EC FRE/1657/1062G Emamectin Benzoate III Insecticide for Wynca September 2016 (19.2g/l) the control of Sunshine diamondback Agric Prdt & moth and cotton Trad. Co. Ltd, bollworm in Accra. cabbage and cotton 14. Aventall 300WG FRE/15139/00893G Indoxacarb (300g/kg) III Insecticide for Jingbo August 2015 the control of Agrochemicals insect pests in Tech. Gh. Co. fruits, Ltd., Accra. vegetables, rice and cotton 15. Bastion Extra SG FRE/1655/00960G Imidacloprid (3%) II Insecticide for Louis Dreyfus 3% January 2016 the control of Commodities rice hoppers, Ghana Ltd., aphids, thrips, Accra whiteflies, termites, and beetles in cereals 16. Betallic Super FRE/1425/00790G Pirimiphos methyl II Insecticide for Bentronic November 2014 (400g/l) + the control of Productions, Permethrin (75g/l) insect pests in Kumasi maize and cowpea 17. Bextoxin FRE/1425/00776R Aluminium II Insecticide for Bentronic November 2014 Phosphide (57%) the control of Productions, pest in stored Kumasi grains 18. Black Mosquito FRE/1441/00714G Dimefluthrin (0.03%) III Insecticide for Jayraj Coil October 2014 the control of Company Ltd, mosquitoes Accra 19. Bomec EC FRE/1555/00881G Abamectin (18g/l) II Insecticide for Louis Dreyfus August 2015 the control of Commodities aphids, Ghana Ltd, caterpillars, Tema whiteflies, grasshoppers and bollworms in vegetables 20. Bonlambda FRE/15149/00937G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Bon Agro 2.5EC December 2015 (25g/l) the control of Company aphids, Limited, whiteflies and Kumasi mealybugs in vegetables Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 2 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 21. Bossmate 2.5EC FRE/1635/1098G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for K. Badu October 2016 (25g/l) the control of Agrochemicals insect pests in , Kumasi vegetables, cowpea and soybean 22. Box 18EC FRE/17145/1090G Abamectin (1.8%) II Insecticide for Jubaili February 2017 the control of Agrotec Ltd., bollworms, red Kumasi spider mites, cabbage worm, psyllas in soybean, cotton, and tangerine 23. Bypel 1 FRE/16133/1033G Perisrapae Granulosis II Bio-insecticide Abnark Agro August 2016 Virus + Bacillus for the control Services, thuringiensis of whiteflies Kumasi and worms in vegetables and fruits 24. Callifan Super FRE/1506/00930G Acetamiprid II Insecticide for Calli Ghana, 200SC December 2015 (100g/l)+Bifenthrin the control of Tema (100g/l) mirids in cocoa 25. CeraTrap FRE/1408/00823G Hydrolyzed proteins U Fruit fly Dizengoff December 2014 (5.5%w/w) attractant Ghana Ltd., Accra 26. Chlorlet 48EC FRE/15145/00940G Chlorpyrifos-ethyl II Insecticide for Jubaili December 2015 (48%) the control of Agrotec insect pests in Limited rice and cotton Kumasi 27. Clear 2.5EC FRE/1650/00986G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Ransfum March 2016 (25g/l) the control of Enterprise, insect pests in Kumasi vegetables 28. Condifor Super FRE/1543/00872G Imidacloprid (20%) II Insecticide for Kumark June 2015 the control of Company insect pests in Limited, vegetables Kumasi 29. Condor SL FRE/1425/00777G Imidacloprid (20%) II Insecticide for Bentronics November 2014 the control of Productions, insect pests in Kumasi vegetables 30. Confidor 200 OD FRE/17185/1107G Imidacloprid (200g/l) III Insecticide for RMG Ghana February 2017 the control of Limited, mirids in cocoa. Accra 31. Conpyrifos FRE/1578/00915G Chlorpyrifos-ethyl II Insecticide for Five 48EC September 2015 (480g/l) the control of Continents, scale and borers Accra in cereals and vegetables 32. Consider Super FRE/1623/1085G Imidacloprid (200g/l) II Insecticide for Thomas Fosu 200SL November 2016 the control of Enterprise, insect pests in Accra vegetables 33. Contihalothrin FRE/1578/00916G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Five 2.5EC September 2015 (25g/l) the control of Continents, insect pests in Accra vegetables and pulses Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 3 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 34. Conti-zol 50EC FRE/1578/00917G Diazinon (50%) II Insecticide for Five September 2015 the control of Continents, pests in Accra vegetables 35. Control 5WDG FRE/14104/00720G Emamectin benzoate II Insecticide for Agrimat October 2014 (5%) the control of Limited, aphids, worms Accra and borers in vegetables 36. Controller super FRE/1698/1122G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for J. K. Duku 2.5 EC December 2016 (2.5g/l) the control of Enterprise, insect pest in Kumasi vegetables and horticulture crops 37. Cydim Super EC FRE/14104/00719G Dimethoate (400g/l) II Insecticide for Agrimat October 2014 + Cypermethrin the control of Limited, (36g/l) aphids, Accra caterpillars, whiteflies, grasshoppers, bollworms in vegetables 38. Cyhalon 2.5 EC FRE/1718/1124G Lambda-cyhalothrin III Insecticide for Rhemaco January 2017 (25g/L) the control of Enterprise, pests in Kumasi vegetables 39. Cypadem FRE/1657/1067G Dimethoate (400g/l) II Insecticide for Wynca 43.6EC September 2016 + Cypermethrin the control of Sunshine (36g/l) insect pests in Agric vegetables and Products & field crops Trading Co. Ltd., Accra 40. Cypersect super FRE/1425/00779G Dimethoate (400g/l) II Insecticide for Bentronics November 2014 + Cypermethrin the control of Productions, (36g/l) aphids, Kumasi caterpillars, whiteflies, grasshoppers and bollworms in vegetables 41. Cypercal 50 EC FRE/1706/1110G Cypermethrin (50g/l) II Insecticide for Calli Ghana February 2017 the control of Company insect pest in Ltd., Tema. cotton. 42. Cyperdim EC FRE/1416/00769G Dimethoate (250g/l) II Broad spectrum Kurama November 2014 + Cypermethrin insecticide for Company (35g/l) the control of Limited, pests in fruits Accra and vegetables 43. Cypex Maxi FRE/14104/00724G Potassium chlorate II Insecticide for Agrimat Smoke Generator October 2014 (20% w/w) general indoor Limited, + Cypermethrin disinfection Madina, Accra (13.5% w/w) 44. D-Ban Super FRE/1543/00869G Chlorpyrifos (48%) II Insecticide for Kumark 48EC June 2015 the control of Company Ltd, insect pests in Kumasi vegetables Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 4 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 45. Dean 62EC FRE/1655/1032G Imidacloprid (50g/l) II Insecticide for Louis Dreyfus August 2016 + Emamectin the control of Commodities benzoate (12g/l) insect pests in Ghana Ltd, vegetables Tema 46. Deltacal 12.5 EC FRE/1706/1111G Deltamethrin II Insecticide for Calli Ghana February 2017 (12.5g/l) the control Company helicoverpa Ltd., Tema. armigera and whiteflies in green beans and tomatoes 47. Deltapaz FRE/1400/00814G Deltamethrin II Insecticide for Adama West 1.25EC December 2014 (12.5g/l) the control of Africa Ltd., insect pests in Accra various crops 48. Diazol 50EW FRE/14100/00757G Diazinon (500g/l) II Insecticide for Adama West November 2014 the control of Africa Ltd., insect pests in Accra vegetables 49. Dimeking EC FRE/1599/00852G Dimethoate II Insecticide for Rainbow August 2015 (400 g/l) the control of AgroSciences insect pests in Company fruits, cotton Limited, and vegetables Accra 50. Dimex 400EC FRE/1455/00735G Dimethoate (400g/l) II Insecticide for Louis Dreyfus October 2014 the control of Commodities aphids, plant Ghana Ltd, bugs, fruit flies Tema and leaf miners 51. Dursban 4E FRE/1505/00908G Chlorpyrifos-ethyl II Insecticide for Chemico Ltd August 2015 (480g/l) the control of Tema scale, borers and cockroaches 52. Dusfos 480EC FRE/1455/00781G Chlorpyrifos-ethyl II Insecticide for Bentronics November 2014 (480g/l) the control of Productions, insect pests in Kumasi crops and for public health 53. Efforia 45EC FRE/16185/1024G Lambda- cyhalothrin II Insecticide for RMG Ghana August 2016 (25%) + the control of Limited, Thiamethoxam (3%) insect pests in Accra vegetables 54. Ekuapa FRE/1623/1084G Lambda- cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Thomas Fosu 2.5EC November 2016 (25g/l) the control of Enterprise, insect pests in Accra vegetables and pulses 55. Ema 19.2EC FRE/16100/00998G Emamectin benzoate II Insecticide for Adama West August 2016 (19.2%) control of pests Africa Ltd., in vegetables Accra and pulses 56. Ema Star 112EC FRE/16100/1079G Emamectin benzoate II Insecticide for Adama West November 2016 (48g/l)+ Acetamiprid the control of Africa Ltd, (64g/l) whiteflies, Accra. diamondback moth, aphids in okra and eggplant. Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 5 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 57. Eradicoat T FRE/16125/1074G Maltodextrin (282g/l) III Insecticides for Positiveware September 2016 the control of Trading insect pests in Company fruits and Limited, vegetables Accra 58. Evict EC FRE/1453/00786G Lambda- cyhalothrin II Insecticide for L’espoir November 2014 (2.5%) the control of Company insect pest in Limited, vegetables Accra 59. Evisect S 50SP FRE/1506/00918G Thiocyclam oxalate II Insecticide for Calli Ghana September 2015 (500g/kg) the control of Co Ltd leaf miners in Accra oil palm 60. Evite 340WP FRE/15139/00890G Tebufenozide II Insecticide for Jingbo Agro. August 2015 (300g/kg) + the control of Tech. Gh. Emamectin benzoate aarmyworms, Co. Ltd., (40g/kg) bollworm, corn Accra. borers, caterpillars, plutella of cabbage and cereals 61. Farin 200EC FRE/15142/00844G Chlorpyrifos-ethyl II Insecticide for Vista 2000 June 2015 (200g/l) the control of Limited, fruit borers, Accra whiteflies, thrips, caterpillars of pepper, oil palm, soybean and tomatoes 62. Fastrack FRE/1502/00954G Alpha-cypermethrin III Insecticide for Agrimat 10 SC December 2015 (100 g/l) the control of Limited, insect pest in Accra vegetables and fruit crops 63. Fendona 5SC FRE/1498/00808G Alpha-cypermethrin III Insecticide for Cama Agro November 2014 (50g/kg) public health Consult, purposes Accra. 64. Fenitrothion FRE/1602/1042G Fenitrothion (50%) III Insecticide for Agrimat Ltd., 50ECE August 2016 the control of Madina chewing, boring and sucking insects in tropical fruits, vegetables and cereals 65. Ficam VC 80WP FRE/16183/1030G Bendiocarb (80%) II Insecticide for RMG Ltd., August 2016 public health Accra purposes 66. Fipro 50EC FRE/1608/1012G Fipronil (500g/l) II Insecticide for Dizengoff August 2016 the control of (Ghana) insect pests in Limited, vegetables and Accra cereals Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 6 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 67. Frankofen 20EC FRE/1539/00943G Fenvalerate (200g/l) II Insecticide for Frankatson December 2015 the control of Limited, insect pests in Accra vegetables 68. Furadan 3G FRE/1505/00907R Carbofuran (3%) II Insecticide for Chemico Ltd., August 2015 the control of Tema insect pests in rice, vegetables and oil palm 69. Galil 300SC FRE/16100/00999G Imidacloprid (250g/l) II Insecticide for Adama West August 2016 + Bifenthrin (50g/l) the control of Africa Ltd, mirids in cocoa Accra. 70. Golan FRE/1608/1013G Acetamiprid (200g/l) II Insecticide for Dizengoff 20SL August 2016 the control of (Ghana) insect pests in Limited, vegetables, Accra citrus, cotton, coffee and maize 71. Goliath Gel FRE/1598/00879G Fipronil (0.05%) III Insecticide for Cama Agro August 2015 the control of Consulting flying and Limited, crawling Accra domestic insects 72. Hercules 50SC FRE/14104/00721G Fipronil (50g/l) II Insecticide for Agrimat October 2014 public health Limited, purposes Madina, Accra 73. Hercules Extra FRE/14104/00722G Fipronil (200g/l) II Insecticide for Agrimat 20SC October 2014 public health Limited, purposes Madina, Accra 74. Impact 25EC FRE/15142/00845G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Vista 2000 June 2015 (2.5%) the control of Limited, army worms in Accra pepper and soybeans 75. Inesfly Body FRE/15143/00831G Pyrethrum extracts III Insecticide for Inesfly Africa Repellant August 2015 1.2% + Piperonyl repelling Ltd., Accra butoxide 0.3% + mosquitoes Ethanol 7.5%) 76. Inesfly EM House FRE/15143/00832G D-Allethrin (1.0%) + III Insecticide for Inesfly Africa IGR NG June 2015 Alpha-cypermethrin the control of Ltd., Accra (0.7%) + insect pest in Pyriproxifen (0.01%) field crops and for public health purposes 77. Inesfly EM House FRE/15143/00833G D-Allethrin (1.0%) + III Insecticide/ Inesfly Africa IGR NG Paint August 2015 Alpha-cypermethrin Miticide paint Limited, (0.7%) + for the control Accra Pyriproxifen (0.01%) of mosquitoes and other household pests 78. Inesfly EM House FRE/14104/00716G Chlorpyrifos (3%) + IV Insecticide for Inesfly Africa 5A IGR October 2014 Pyriproxyfen the control of Limited (0.063%) insect pests in Tema. mango, pawpaw, citrus and vegetables Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 7 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 79. Inespalm FRE/14104/00718G Deltamethrin (0.5%) IV Insecticide for Inesfly Africa October 2014 + excipients q.s.p. the control of Limited (100%) leaf miners oil Tema. palm weevil, brown stripped rhinoceros beetle in oil palm 80. Insector TDS FRE/1655/00961G Imidacloprid II Insecticide for Louis Dreyfus January 2016 (350g/kg) + Thiram the control of Commodities, (100g/kg) aphids, Ghana Ltd, leafhoppers, Tema other insect pest and fungal diseases 81. Kakalika Gel FRE/1608/1015G Fipronil (0.05%) III Insecticide for Dizengoff August 2016 the control of Ghana cockroaches Limited 82. KD 415EC FRE/1505/00909G Chlorpyrifos (400g/l) II Insecticide for Chemico August 2015 + Lambda- the control of Limited, Tema cyhalothrin (15g/l) scale and borers in cereals, vegetables and for public health purposes 83. K-Optimal EC FRE/1455/00736G Acetamiprid (20g/l) + II Insecticide for Louis Dreyfus October 2014 Lambda-cyhalothrin the control of Commodities, (16g/l) insect pests in Ghana Ltd, vegetables Tema 84. K-Othrine FRE/16183/1031G Deltamethrin II Insecticide for RMG Ghana 250WG August 2016 (250g/kg) public health Limited, purposes Accra 85. Kilsect 2.5EC FRE/1425/00775G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Bentronic November 2014 (25g/l) the control of Productions, insect pests in Kumasi vegetables 86. Lambad 2.5 EC FRE/1581/00885G Lambda-cyhalothrin III Insecticide for B. Kaakyire August 2015 (25g/l) the control of Agrochemical insect pests in Co. Ltd., cereals and Kumasi vegetables 87. Lambdaking FRE/1599/00842G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Rainbow 2.5EC December 2015 (2.5%) use on AgroSciences vegetables and Company horticulture Limited, Tema 88. Lambda Super FRE/1543/00868G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Kumark 2.5EC June 2015 (25g/l) the control of Company insect pests in Limited, vegetables and Kumasi pulses 89. Lambdacot EC FRE/1458/00788G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Afcott Ghana November 2014 (25g/l) the control of Limited, insect pests in Accra vegetables and pulses Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 8 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 90. Lamsate EC FRE/17145/1089G Dimethoate (300g/l) III Insecticide for Jubaili February 2017 + Lambda- the control of Agrotec Ltd., cyhalothrin (15g/l) aphids, thrips, Kumasi planthoppers, whiteflies in cowpea, soybean, cotton, maize, sorghum, millet, melons and yams 91. Levo 2.4SL FRE/1608/1016G Oxymatrin (2.4%) III Insecticide for Dizengoff August 2016 the control of Ghana Ltd, insect pest in Accra vegetables and fruit crops 92. Lionguard EC FRE/16145/1036G Dimethoate (25%) + II Insecticide for Jubaili August 2016 Cypermethrin (3%) the control of Agrotec Ltd., aphids, mealy Kumasi bugs and whiteflies in vegetables 93. Lufu 150SC FRE/16192/1077G Thiamethoxam II Insecticide for Agrateam October 2016 (100g/l) + the control of Ghana Ltd, Deltamethrin (50g/l) capsids in cocoa Accra 94. Master 2.5EC FRE/1422/00801G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Annoh & Sons November 2014 (25g/l) the control of Enterprise, insect pests in Accra vegetables 95. Mectin 1.8EC FRE/1608/1014G Abamectin (18g/l) II Insecticide for Dizengoff August 2016 the control of Ghana Ltd, leafminers, Accra spidermites, caterpillars and thrips in citrus, cotton, coffee, vegetables and maize 96. Methoate 40EC FRE/1425/00778G Dimethoate (400g/l) II Insecticide for Bentronics November 2014 the control of Productions, sucking, biting Kumasi insects and spider mites 97. Miricon EC FRE/1614/1049G Pyrethrum (12g/l) + II Insecticide for Afropa September 2016 Deltamethrin (6g/l) the control of (Ghana) Ltd., mirids in cocoa Accra 98. Nomax 150SC FRE/1698/1034G Alpha-cypermethrin II Insecticide for Cama Agro August 2016 (75g/l) + the control of Consulting Teflubenzuron mirids in cocoa (CAC) Ltd., (75g/l) Accra 99. Okumakate SC FRE/1635/1076G Thiamethoxam II Insecticide for K. Badu Agro October 2016 (200g/l) the control of Chemicals capsid bugs in Kumasi cocoa 100. Pawa 2.5EC FRE/1505/00910G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Chemico Ltd, August 2015 (25g/l) the control of Tema insect pests in vegetables Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 9 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 101. Perfecto 175SC FRE/1410/00803G Imidacloprid II Insecticide for Reiss & Co, November 2014 (12.2%)+ lambda the control of Accra cyhalothrin (5.0%) insect pests of vegetables and cereals 102. Phostoxin T FRE/16185/1020R Aluminium Ib Insecticide for RMG Ghana August 2016 Phosphide (56%) the control of Limited, insect pests in Accra stored grains 103. Protect 1.9EC FRE/1608/1017G Emamectin benzoate III Insecticide for Dizengoff August 2016 (1.9%) the control of (Ghana) insect pests in Limited, cotton, Accra vegetables and maize 104. Punto SL FRE/1565/00853G Imidacloprid (200g/l) II Insecticide for Rainbow August 2015 the control of AgroSciences aphids and Company whiteflies in Limited, Tema egg-plant, tomatoes and sweetpotatoes 105. Pyrical 5G FRE/1606/00955G Chlorpyrifos-ethyl II Insecticide for Calli Ghana January 2016 (50g/kg) the control of Company Ltd, insect pests in Tema. vegetables 106. Pyrical 480EC FRE/1406/00744G Chlorpyrifos-ethyl II Insecticide for Calli Ghana November 2014 (480g/l) the control of Co. Ltd., insect pests in Tema pineapples 107. Pyrinex 48EC FRE/14100/00763G Chlorpyrifos-ethyl II Insecticide for Adama West November 2014 (480g/l) the control of Africa Ltd., insect pests in Accra vegetables and for public health purposes 108. Pyrinex Quick FRE/16100/00993G Chlorpyrifos (250g/l) II Insecticide for Adama West 256EC August 2016 + Deltamethrin (6g/l) the control of Africa Ltd., insect pests in Accra vegetables and for public health purposes 109. Rainlambda Plus FRE/1565/00854G Dimethoate (300g/l) II Insecticide for Rainbow August 2015 + Lambda- the control of AgroSciences cyhalothrin (15g/l) insect pests in Co Ltd, Accra vegetables 110. Raintoxin 57TB FRE/1565/00825R Aluminium Ib Insecticide for Rainbow June 2015 Phosphide (57%) the control of AgroSciences insect pests in Company stored produce Limited, Accra 111. Responsar EW FRE/1461/00821G Cyfluthrin (50g/l) II Insecticide for The Huge December 2014 the control of Ltd., Accra flying and Newtown crawling insects Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 10 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 112. Rimon 10EC FRE/14100/00764G Novaluron (100g/l) III Insecticide for Adama West November 2014 the control of Africa Ltd., insect pests in Accra cabbage, tomatoes and pepper 113. Rocky Super FRE/15165/00888G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for PakGhana Co. 2.5EC August 2015 (2.5%) the control of Ltd., Kumasi insect pests in pulses and vegetables 114. Sanitox 20EC FRE/1422/00799G Fenvalerate (200g/l) II Insecticide for Annoh and November 2014 the control of Sons, Accra insect pests in vegetables and cowpea 115. Seed Shield FRE/1657/1069G Imidacloprid (350g/l) III Insecticide for Wynca September 2016 the control of Sunshine insect pests in Agric Prdt & field crops and Trad. Co. Ltd, for public health Accra. purposes 116. Siege Pro FRE/1498/00737G Hydramethylon II Insecticide for Cama Agro, October 2014 (0.73%) the control of Consult, Accra cockroaches and termites 117. Simida 2.5EC FRE/1530/00826/G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Natosh December 2015 (25%) the control of Enterprise, insect pests in Kumasi vegetables, cereals, fruits and sugarcane 118. Sinoban EC FRE/1422/00800G Chlorpyrifos-ethyl II Insecticide for Annoh and November 2014 (480g/l) the control of Sons, Accra insect pests in vegetables 119. Spike 30SC FRE/1608/1011G Thiamethoxam III Insecticide for Dizengoff August 2016 (30g/l) the control of Ghana insect pests in Limited, vegetables and Accra cereals 120. Stop Mating FRE/1592/00882G Methyl Eugenol II Insecticide for Splendid Agro Block August 2015 (5ml/block) + the control of Products, New Malathion Batrocera spp. Pokuase (1ml/block) in fruits 121. Striker 2.5EC FRE/1655/00962G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Louis Dreyfus January 2016 (2.5%) the control of Commodities aphids, Ghana Ltd, bollworms and Tema diamondback moth in cereals, vegetables and sugarcane Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 11 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 122. Sumico 20EC FRE/1543/00865G Fenvalerate (200g/l) II Insecticide for Kumark August 2015 the control of Company insect pests in Limited, vegetables Kumasi 123. Sumitex 40EC FRE/1543/00871G Dimethoate (400g/l) II Insecticide for Kumark June 2015 the control of Company mealy bugs, Limited, mites, thrips, Kumasi and borer larvae in vegetables and pineapples 124. Super Tiger FRE/1467/00792G Lambda-cyhalothrin III Insecticide for Jakess Agro 2.5EC November 2014 (25g/l) the control of Chemicals, insect pests in Kumasi vegetables 125. Suncombi FRE/1657/1068G Fenitrothion (25%) + II Insecticide for Wynca 30EC September 2016 Fenvalerate (5%) the control of Sunshine insect pests in Agric crops and for Products & public health Trading Co., purposes Limited, Accra 126. Sun-Docarb SC FRE/1657/10065G Indoxacarb (150g/l) II Insecticide for Wynca August 2015 the control of Sunshine bollworms, Agric. caterpillars and Products & diamondback Trading Co. moth in cotton, Ltd., Accra. cabbage and rice 127. Sunhalothrin FRE/1757/1102G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Wynca 2.5EC February 2017 (25%) the control of Sunshine insect pests in Agric vegetables and Products & pulses Trading Co., Ltd, Accra 128. Sun-Lambda EC FRE/1657/1064GG Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for Wynca September 2016 (2.5g/l) the control of Sunshine diamondback Agric. moth and cotton Products & bollworms in Trading Co. cabbage and Ltd., Accra. cotton 129. Sun-Thiame FRE/1657/1063G Thiamethoxam (25%) II Insecticide for Wynca WDG September 2016 the control of Sunshine plant hoppers Agric. and aphids in Products & rice and cotton Trading Co. Ltd., Accra. 130. Sunpyram 20WG FRE/1657/1100G Nitenpyram (20%) II Insecticide for Wynca February 2017 the control of Sunshine external Agric Prdt & parasites of Trad. Co. Ltd, livestock Accra. 131. Sunpyrifos FRE/1657/1006G Chlorpyrifos ethyl II Insecticide for Wynca September 2016 (480g/l) the control of Sunshine 48 EC insect pests in Agric Prod & crops Trading Co., Ltd., Accra Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 12 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 132. Termicide 480EC FRE/1626/1050G Chlorpyrifos (480g/l) II Insecticide for The Candel September 2016 the control of Company termites in Limited, vegetables Accra 133. Termiking 480EC FRE/1599/00843/G Chlorpyrifos-ethyl II Insecticide for Rachans December 2015 (480g/l) the control of Enterprise, insect pests of Accra vegetables and field crops 134. Terminus 480EC FRE/1416/00770G Chlorpyrifos-ethyl II Insecticide for Kurama November 2014 (480g/l) the control of Company insect pests in Limited, crops and for Accra public health 135. Thodan Super FRE/1410/00713G Acetamiprid (2%) + IV Insecticide for Reiss & Co 35SC October 2014 Lambda-cyhalothrin the control of (Ghana), (1.5%) mirids in cocoa Accra 136. Thunder 145 OD FRE/16183/00985G Imidacloprid (100g/l) II Insecticide for RMG Ghana O-TEQ March 2016 + Beta-cyfluthrin the control of Limited, (45g/l) leaf eating Accra insects and bollworms in cotton 137. Tihan 175-OD- FRE/16183/00984G Flubendiamide III Insecticide for RMG Ghana TEQ March 2016 (100g/l) + the control of Limited, Spirotetramat (75g/l) lepidoptera and Accra sucking pest in cotton and vegetables 138. Topstoxin FRE/1543/00870R Aluminium Ib Insecticide for Kumark June 2015 Phosphide (57%) the control of Company insect pests in Limited, stored grains Kumasi 139. Tornado EC FRE/17145/1091G Dimethoate (40%) III Insecticide for Jubaili February 2017 the control of Agrotec Ltd., insect pest in Kumasi rice, cotton, citrus and vegetables 140. Total Aerosol FRE/1498/00739G Tetramethrin (0.3%) IV Insecticide for Total Ghana Spray October 2014 + Parallethrin (0.1%) the control of Limited, + Cyphenothrin flying and Accra (0.14%) + crawling insects Deltamethrin (0.17%) 141. Total Flying/ Parallethrin (0.1%) + IV Insecticide for Total Ghana Crawling Cyphenothrin the control of Limited, Insecticide (0.14%) + flying and Accra Deltamethrin ( crawling insects 0.17%) + Tetramethrin (0.3%) 142. Tricel 48EC FRE/1410/00767G Chlorpyrifos-ethyl II Insecticide for Reiss & Co November 2014 (480g/l) the control of Ghana, insect pests in Accra crops and for public health Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 13 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 143. ULV 900IC FRE/1614/1048G Pyrethrum (50%) + II Insecticide for Afropa September 2016 Deltamethrin the control of (Ghana) Ltd., (0.674%) flying and Accra crawling insects in cocoa, stored produce and public health 144. Vectobac G FRE/1402/00741G Bacillus IV Insecticide for Agrimat October 2014 thuringiensis, the control of Limited, serotype H-14, 3000 mosquito larvae Accra Units/mg 145. VectoBac 12AS FRE/1402/00742G Bacillus IV Insecticide for Agrimat October 2014 thuringiensis, the control of Limited, serotype H-14, 3000 mosquito larvae Accra Units/mg 146. VectoBac WDG FRE/1480/00810G Bacillus thuringiensis IV Insecticide for Challux December 2014 subsp. Israelensis the control of Limited, 3000 ITU/mg mosquito larvae Accra 147. Vectolex WG FRE/1402/00740G Bacillus sphaericus IV Insecticide for Agrimat October 2014 (3000 ITU/mg) the control of Limited, larvae of Accra mosquitoes 148. Verate 200 EC FRE/1699/00976G Fenvalerate (200g/l) II Insecticide for Rainbow March 2016 the control of AgroSciences stalkborer, Co. Ltd., bollworms, Tema cotton stainers in cotton, maize and sorghum 149. Vertigo 100EC FRE/15142/00846G Cypermethrin III Insecticide for Vista 2000 June 2015 (100g/l) the control of Limited, army worms, Accra thrips, whiteflies and fruit sucking bugs in onion and soybean 150. Vigilant 25EC FRE/1410/00766G Bifenthrin (25g/l) III Insecticide for Reiss & Co November 2014 the control of (Ghana), bollworms, Accra jassids, aphids, whiteflies, mites, hoppers in cotton and mango 151. Viper 46EC FRE/1506/00932/G Acetamiprid (16g/l) + II Insecticide for Calli Ghana December 2015 Indoxacarb (30g/l) the control of Ltd., Tema lepidoptera, sucking and bitting insects 152. Wreko 2.5EC FRE/1623/00987G Lambda- II Insecticide for Thomhcof March 2016 cyhalothrin(25g/l) the control of Company insect pests in Limited, vegetables Kumasi 153. Zap 2.5EC FRE/1726/1115G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for The Candel February 2017 (2.5%) the control of Company insect pests in Limited, vegetables Accra Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 14 (A) Fully Registered Pesticides (FRE) (A2) Fungicides No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 1. Acticide EPW FRE/1520/00950G Diuron (20%) + III Fungal and algal BBC Industrials December 2015 Carbendazim paint preservative Co. Ltd., Accra (9%) + 2-octyl- 2H-isothiazol-3- one (2.8%) 2. Amistar Top FRE/16185/1022G Azoxystrobin III Systemic RMG Ghana 325SC August 2016 (200g/l) + fungicide for the Limited, Accra Difenoconazole control of early (125g/l) blight, late blight, powdery mildew, leaf spot, anthracnose and rust in beans, pea, tomatoes and pepper 3. Athelete FRE/1655/00966G Fosetyl- III Fungicide for the Louis Dreyfus 80WP January 2016 aluminium control of mildew Commodities (800g/kg) and Phytophtora Ghana Ltd, sp., Pythium Tema plasmopara and Bremia sp. in vegetables, fruits and pineapples 4. Agro-Comet FRE/1410/00802G Metalaxyl III Fungicide for Reiss & Co 72WP November 2014 (12%) + Copper the control of Ghana (I) oxide (60%) fungal diseases Limited, Accra on cocoa 5. Banjo Forte FRE/16100/1080G Fluazinam III Fungicide for the Adama West 400SC November 2016 (200g/l) + control of Africa Ltd., Dimethorph Phytophthora Accra (200g/l) megakarya in cocoa 6. Bartoline FRE/1631/1009G Dichlofuanid IV Fungicide/algaeci TM3/RCL August 2016 (39.6g/l) de for the Enterprise, preservation of Accra wood 7. Benco 80 WP FRE/1425/00783G Mancozeb III Fungicide for Bentronic November 2014 (800g/kg) control of leaf Productions, spots, mildew, Kumasi leaf blight and in vegetables, fruits and ornamentals 8. Bosun 300SC FRE/15139/00891G Boscalid (20%) + III Fungicide for the Jingbo August 2015 Kresoxim-methyl control of Agrochemicals (10%) powdery mildew, Tech. Gh. Co., anthracnose, Ltd., mould, rust and Accra. leaf spots in vegetables and fruits Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 15 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 9. Calthio Mix FRE/1506/00931G Imidacloprid II Fungicide for the Calli Ghana 485WS December 2015 (350g/kg) + control of Company Ltd., Thiram (100g/kg) diseases in maize Tema + Metalaxyl-M (35g/kg) 10. Callet 50WP FRE/17145/1095G Carbendazim III Fungicide for the Jubaili Agrotec February 2017 (50%) control of Ltd., Kumasi Pyricularia oryzae in paddy rice 11. Calliette FRE/1406/00747G Fosetyl III Systemic Calli Ghana 80WP November 2014 aluminium fungicide for the Company (800g/kg) control of Limited, Tema phytophtora in pineapple 12. Caldo FRE/15137/00938/G Bordeaux mixture III Fungicide for the Miqdadi Bordeles December 2015 (Copper (II) control of Company Valles 20WP Sulphate + diseases in Limited, Accra Ca (OH2) vegetables and (200g/kg) fruits 13. Callis 400OL FRE/1406/00746G Thiophanate III Fungicide for the Calli Ghana November 2014 methyl (400g/l) control of yellow Company and black Limited, Tema sigatoka in bananas 14. Carbendazim FRE/1602/1045G Carbendazim III Fungicide for the Agrimat 50WP August 2016 (500g/kg) control of leaf Limited, Accra spots, mildew, leaf blight and scab in vegetables 15. Conti-Zeb FRE/1678/00924G Mancozeb III Fungicide for the Five Continents October 2016 (800g/kg) control of Imports & leafspots, mildew, Exports Ltd., leafblight and Accra scab in vegetables, fruits and ornamentals 16. Cosavet DF FRE/1608/1010G Sulphur (80%) U Fungicide/ Dizengoff August 2016 acaricide for the Ghana Ltd., control of Accra powdery mildew, scab and mites in plantation crops 17. Cuprozin FRE/1608/1019G Copper II Fungicide for the Dizengoff 35WP August 2016 Oxychloride control of Ghana Limited, (35%) diseases in Accra. vegetables 18. Curenox FRE/15137/00939/G Copper III Fungicide for the Miqdadi 50WP December 2015 Oxychloride control of Company (50%) diseases in fruits Limited, Accra and vegetables 19. Damazeb FRE/15142/00849R Mancozeb III Fungicide for the Vista 2000 80WP June 2015 (800g/kg) control of Limited, diseases in Accra soybean, groundnut, pepper, banana, melon, tomatoes and tuber crops Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 16 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 20. Dithane FRE/1505/00902G Mancozeb III Fungicide for the Chemico M45 WP August 2015 (800g/kg) control of leaf Limited, Tema spots, mildew, leaf blight and scab of fruits and vegetables 21. Fantic Plus FRE/1606/00957G Cuprous oxide III Fungicide for the Calli Ghana Co. 69WP January 2016 (60%) + control of Ltd., Tema Benalaxyl-M Phytophtora (9%) megakarya in cocoa 22. Foko 80WP FRE/1623/00991G Mancozeb III Fungicide for the Thomas Fosu March 2016 (800g/kg) control of Enterprise, diseases in Kumasi vegetables 23. Foko Super FRE/1623/00991G Mancozeb III Fungicide for the Thomas Fosu 80WP March 2016 (800g/kg) control of Enterprise, diseases in Accra vegetables 24. Folicur FRE/16183/1028G Tebuconazole II Fungicide for the RMG Ghana 250EW August 2016 (250g/l) control of black Limited, Accra and yellow sigatoka in plantain and banana 25. Folpan 50WP FRE/14100/00760G Folpet (500g/l) III Fungicide for the Adama West November 2014 control of Africa Ltd., diseases in Accra vegetables 26. Fungikill FRE/1505/00926G Copper (35%) + III Fungicide for the Chemico Ltd, 50WP October 2015 Metalaxyl (15%) control of P. Tema palmivora and P. megakarya in cocoa 27. Funguran OH- FRE/1608/1088G Copper III Fungicide for the Dizengoff 50WP December 2016 Hydroxide (77%) control of Ghana Limited, Phytophtora sp. in Accra. cocoa 28. Goldazim FRE/1416/00773G Carbendazim III Systemic Kurama 500SC November 2014 (500g/l) fungicide for the Company control of Limited diseases in fruits and vegetables 29. Impulse FRE/16183/1029G Spiroxamine II Fungicide for the RMG Ghana 800EC August 2016 (800g/l) control of black Limited, Accra and yellow sigatoka in plantain and banana 30. Ivory 80WP FRE/1606/00530G Mancozeb III Fungicide for the Calli Ghana January 2016 (800g/kg) control of Company Ltd., diseases in Tema vegetables and fruits 31. Kentan 40 FRE/1706/1113G Copper III Fungicide for the Calli Ghana WG February 2017 Hydroxide control of black Company (400g/kg) pod disease in Limited, Tema cocoa Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 17 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 32. Kilazeb FRE/1543/00877G Mancozeb III Fungicide for the Kumark 80WP June 2015 (800g/kg) control of leaf Company spots, mildew, Limited, leaf blight and Kumasi scab in vegetables and fruits 33. Kocide 2000 FRE/1406/00798G Cupric hydroxide III Fungicide for the Calli Ghana WP December 2014 (53.8%) control diseases in Limited, Accra cocoa 34. Limaneb FRE/1698/1123G Maneb (80%) III Fungicide for the J. K. Duku 80WP December 2016 control of Enterprise, powdery mildew Kumasi and leaf spot 35. Mancozan FRE/1655/00967G Mancozeb III Fungicide for the Louis Dreyfus Super WP January 2016 (640g/kg) + control of potato Commodities, Metalaxyl blight, leafspot Ghana Ltd, (80g/kg) and scab in Tema vegetables 36. Mandazim FRE/17145/1094G Mancozeb (63%) III Fungicide for the Jubaili Agrotec WP February 2017 + Carbendazim control of late leaf Ltd., Kumasi (12.5%) spot and peanut rust in groundnuts 37. Manlax FRE/1565/00857G Mancozeb (64%) III Fungicide for the Rainbow June 2015 + Metalaxy (8%) control of downy AgroSciences mildew, late and Company early blight in Limited, Accra lettuce, onions and sweetpotatoes 38. Merpan 50WP FRE/14100/00761G Captan (500g/kg) III Fungicide for the Adama West November 2014 control of Africa Ltd., diseases in fruits, Accra and vegetables 39. Metalm FRE/1416/00774G Cuprous oxide III Fungicide for the Kurama 72WP November 2014 (60%) + control of black Company Metalaxyl (12%) pod disease in Limited, Accra cocoa 40. Nativo 300SC FRE/16183/1027G Terbuconazole III Fungicide for the RMG Ghana, August 2016 (200g/l) + control of limited, Accra Trifloxystrobin diseases in (100g/l) vegetables 41. Ortiva Top FRE/1706/1112G Azoxystrobin III Fungicide for Calli Ghana February 2017 (200g/l) + control of leaf Ltd., Difenoconazole spot and Accra (125g/l) Anthracnose of Tomato 42. Ortiva 250SC FRE/16185/1023G Azoxystrobin III Fungicide for the RMG Ghana August 2016 (250g/l) control of Limited, Accra anthracnose disease in vegetables 43. Rainmancoz FRE/1699/1006G Mancozeb III Fungicide for the Rainbow 80WP August 2016 (800g/kg) control of leaf Agrosciences spots, mildew and Company leaf blight in Limited, Tema vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 18 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 44. Rainprozol FRE/1699/00983G Propiconazole III Fungicide for the Rainbow 250EC March 2016 (250g/l) control of fungal Agrosciences diseases in rice Company and pineapple Limited, Tema 45. Raintop-M FRE/1699/1078G Thiophanate III Fungicide for the Rainbow 70WP October 2016 methyl (700g/kg) control of leaf AgroSciences spots, mildew, Company leaf blight and Limited, Accra scab in vegetables 46. Shavit F FRE/14100/00759G Folpet (700g/kg) III Fungicide for the Adama West 715WP November 2014 + Triadimenol control of Africa Ltd., (1.5g/kg) diseases in Accra vegetables 47. Sphinx star FRE/14100/00818G Dimethomorph III Fungicide for the Adama West 480WDG December 2014 (80g/l) + control of Africa Ltd, Chlorothalonil diseases in Accra (400g/l) vegetables 48. Sulphur 80WP FRE/1602/1046G Sulphur (80%) III Fungicide for the Agrimat August 2016 control of fungal Limited, diseases in Madina ornamentals 49. Sun-Anil SC FRE/1657/1073G Pyrimethanil III Contact fungicide Wynca September 2016 (50g/l) for the control of Sunshine Agric. downy mildew of Products & tomatoes and Trading Co. cucumber Ltd., Accra. 50. Suncozeb FRE/1657/1072G Mancozeb III Fungicide for the Wynca 80WP September 2016 (800kg/kg) control of leaf Sunshine Agric spots, mildew, Products & leaf blight and Trading Co Ltd, scab in vegetables Accra 51. Sun-Lonil WP FRE/1657/1099G Chlorothalonil II Fungicide for the Wynca February 2016 (75%) control of downy Sunshine Agric. mildew and early Products & blight of Trading Co. cucumber and Ltd., Accra. tomatoes 52. Sun-Vege WP FRE/1657/1071G Dimethorph II Fungicide for the Wynca November 2016 (50%) control of downy Sunshine Agric. mildew of Products & Cucumber Trading Co. Ltd., Accra. 53. Tilt FRE/1406/00745G Propiconazole III Fungicide for the Calli Ghana November 2014 (250g/l) control of fungal Company diseases in banana Limited, Tema 54. Top Cop FRE/1505/00903G Sulphur (50%) + III Fungicide / Chemico August 2015 Copper (8%) miticide for the Limited, Tema control of diseases in vegetables 55. Trimangol FRE/1505/00901G Maneb (800g/kg) III Fungicide for the Chemico 80WP August 2015 control of leaf Limited, Tema spot, downy mildew, leaf blight and scab of cereals, vegetables Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 19 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 56. Vamos 500SC FRE/16100/1081G Fluazinam III Fungicide for the Adama West November 2016 (500g/l) control of Africa Ltd., Phytophthora Accra megakarya in cocoa 57. Volley 88OL FRE/1598/00880G Fenpropimorph III Fungicide for the Cama Agro August 2015 (880g/l) control of Consulting Mycosphaerella Limited, Accra musicola and Mycosphaerella fijiensis in banana 58. Xanbac D EC FRE/1608/1087G Dichlorophen III Contact Dizengoff December 2016 (200g/l) fungicide/algaecid Ghana Limited, e/bactericide for Accra the control of root rot, angular leafspot, bacterial spot and damping off disease in green pepper, cotton and beans 59. Zeb-care FRE/17145/1093G Mancozeb (80%) III Fungicide for the Jubaili Agrotec 80WP February 2017 control of fungal Ltd., Kumasi diseases in fruits and vegetables Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 20 (A) Fully Registered Pesticides (FRE) (A3) Herbicides No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue of Active Class Distributor Ingredient 1. 2,4-D Super Herb FRE/1467/00793G 2,4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Jakess November 2014 (720g/l) control of broadleaf Agrochemical weeds Kumasi 2. Aboextra 72SL FRE/15113/00921G 2,4-D Amine III Selective herbicide Aboboyaa September 2015 Salts (720g/l) for control of Enterprise Limited, broadleaf weeds in Kumasi rice, maize, sorghum, millet and sugarcane 3. Adom 48SL FRE/1467/00791G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Jakess Agro November 2014 (410g/l) control of grasses and Company Ltd, broadleaf weeds in Kumasi cereals and vegetables 4. Adwuma Wura FRE/1543/00863G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Kumark Company 480SL August 2015 (480g/l) control of annual, Limited, Kumasi perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables 5. Adwumaye 41 SL FRE/1682/1128G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Cropstar Enterprise, December 2016 (410 g/l) control of broadleaf Kumasi weeds and grasses 6. Adwuma Wura FRE/1543/00864G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Kumark Company 75.7WSG August 2015 (75.7%) control of annual, Limited, Kumasi perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables 7. Afuo Wura 48SL FRE/15108/00851G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the WAAF Agro June 2015 (480g/l) control of annual, Limited, Techiman perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses in cereals and vegetables 8. Agilox 170 EC FRE/16100/00995G Propaquizafop III Herbicide for the Adama West Africa August 2016 (50g/l) + control of annual, Ltd., Accra Oxyfluorfen perennial grasses and (120g/l) broadleaf weeds in onion 9. Agil 100EC FRE/14100/00758G Propaquizafop III Herbicide for the Adama West Africa November 2014 (100g/l) control of grasses Ltd., Accra 10. Agristomp 500E FRE/1602/1047G Pendimethalin III Pre-emergent Agrimat Limited, August 2016 (500g/l) herbicide for the Madina control of weeds in maize, cotton, rice and soybean 11. Alligator 400EC FRE/1455/00728G Pendimethalin III Herbicide for the Louis Dreyfus October 2014 (400g/l) control of grasses in Commodities rice Ghana Ltd, Tema 12. Amazone 10WP FRE/1506/00933G Pyrazosulfuron III Herbicide for the Calli Ghana Co., December 2015 ethyl (10%) control of weeds in Ltd, Tema rice Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 21 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Distributor Date of Issue of Active Class Ingredient 13. Amino 72SL FRE/1505/00911G 2, 4-D Amine III Selective herbicide Chemico Limited, August 2015 (720g/l) for the control of Tema broadleaf weeds in cereals and sugarcane 14. Aminoforce FRE/15145/00827G 2,4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec Ltd, 72SL June 2015 (720g/l) control of broadleaf Accra weeds and sedges in cereals and tree crops 15. Aminespray FRE/1699/1005G 2,4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Rainbow 720SL August 2016 (720g/l) control of annual, AgroSciences Co. perennial grasses and Ltd., Tema broadleaf weeds in cereals, sugarcane and citrus 16. Arrow 75WDG FRE/1608/1018G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Dizengoff Ghana August 2016 (75%) control of grasses and Ltd, Accra broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables 17. Arsenal Gen 2SL FRE/1498/805G Imazapyr II Selective post Cama Agro August 2014 (250g/l) emergence herbicide Consultancy for the control of Accra. grasses in cereals 18. Basta 200SL FRE/16183/1000G Glufosinate- II Herbicide for the RMG Ghana, August 2016 ammonium control of broadleaf Limited, Accra (200g/l) weeds and grasses in banana 19. Bastnate 200 SL FRE/1699/00977G Glufosinate- II Herbicide for the Rainbow March 2016 ammonium control of annual, AgroSciences (200g/l) perennial broadleaf Company Limited, weeds in banana, Tema plantain, mango and pineapple 20. Benaxone Super FRE/1425/00780R Paraquat II Herbicide for the Bentronic SL November 2014 (276g/l) control of annual, Productions, perennial grasses and Kumasi broadleaf weeds 21. Baccara 435 EC FRE/1506/00934G Propanil II Herbicide for the Calli Ghana December 2015 (260g/l) + 2,4 D control of broadleaf Company Ltd, Amine (175g/l) weeds and grasses in Tema rice 22. Basagran 480 SL FRE/1498/00806G Bentazon II Herbicide for the Cama Agro November 2014 (480g/l) control of broadleaf Consultancy, Accra. weeds in beans, groundnut and maize 23. Best Up 480SL FRE/15142/00850G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Vista 2000 Limited, August 2015 (480g/l) control of annual, Accra perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses in maize, rubber, oil palm and rice 24. Bextra 72SL FRE/1425/0022G 2,4 D Amine II Selective herbicide Bentronics October, 2014 (720g/l) for the control of Productions, broadleaf weeds in Kumasi maize, rice and sorghum 25. Bisonrice 400SC FRE/1565/00839G Bispyribac- III Selective herbicide Rainbow June 2015 sodium (400g/l) for the control of AgroSciences grasses and broadleaf Company Limited, weeds in rice Accra Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 22 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Distributor Date of Issue of Active Class Ingredient 26. Bonamine 720EC FRE/15149/00935G 2,4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Bon Agro Company December 2015 (720 g/l) control of broadleaf Limited, Kumasi weeds in maize and rice 27. Bonsate 480SL FRE/15149/00936G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Bon Agro Company December 2015 (480g/l) control of grasses and Limited, Kumasi broadleaf weeds 28. Butaforce EC FRE/15145/00828G Butachlor III Pre-emergent Jubaili Agrotec June 2015 (500g/l) herbicide for the Ltd., Accra control of grasses and broadleaf weeds in rice, soybean, cotton and vegetables 29. Butaplast EC FRE/1543/00876G Butachlor (50%) III Pre-emergent Kumark Company August 2015 herbicide for the Limited, Kumasi control of annual, perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in rice, soybean, cotton and vegetables 30. Calliherbe 720SL FRE/1606/00956G 2,4-D Amine II Selective herbicide Calli Ghana Co. January 2016 (720g/l) for the control of Ltd, Tema broadleaf weeds in cereals and tree crops 31. Caritek 80WP FRE/1699/1004G Diuron II Herbicide for the Rainbow August 2016 (800g/kg) control of annual, AgroSciences Co. perennial grasses and Ltd., Tema broadleaf weeds in pineapple 32. Chemopax FRE/1705/1126G Ametryn II Herbicide for the Chemico Limited, 500 SC February 2017 (485g/l) + control of annual, Tema Trazine (15g/l) perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds 33. Chemosate FRE/1405/00687G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Chemico Limited, 360SL March 2015 (360g/l) control of annual and Tema perennial weeds 34. Chemovar 80WP FRE/1505/00895G Bromacil III Herbicide for the Chemico Limited, August 2015 (800g/kg) control of grasses and Tema broadleaf weeds in pineapples 35. Chemuron 80WP FRE/1505/00896G Diuron (80%) III Herbicide for the Chemico Limited, August 2015 control of grasses in Tema pineapples, citrus and mangoes 36. Chemostorm FRE/1705/1127G Pendimethalin III Pre-emergent Chemico Limited, 500EC February 2017 (500g/l) herbicide for the Tema control of weeds in cereals, cotton and soybean 37. Chemoxone SL FRE/1505/00897R Paraquat II Herbicide for the Chemico Limited, August 2015 dichloride control of broadleaf Tema (200g/l) weeds and grasses 38. Clearforce FRE/14145/1037G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec Ltd, August 2016 (250g/l) + control of grasses and Kumasi. Diuron (250g/l) broadleaf weeds in cotton, citrus, sugarcane, oil palm and rubber Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 23 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Distributor Date of Issue of Active Class Ingredient 39. Cleanspray 80SG FRE/1699/00978G 2,4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Rainbow March 2016 (960g/kg) control of annual, AgroSciences perennial broadleaf Company Limited, weeds and grasses in Tema millet 40. Condax WP FRE/1678/00925G Bensulfuron- III Systemic herbicide Five Continents, October 2016 methyl (30%) for the control of Accra annual and perennial broad leaved and sedges weeds in rice 41. Corta 480EC FRE/1655/00963G Trichlopyr III Selective herbicide Louis Dreyfus January 2016 (480g/l) for the control of Commodities broadleaf weeds in Ghana Ltd, Tema oil palm, rice and sugarcane 42. Cut Out 100SC FRE/16100/00996G Bispyribac II Herbicide for the Adama West Africa August 2016 sodium (100g/l) control of annual, Ltd., Accra perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in rice 43. Delsate 41SL FRE/1626/1053G Glyphosate II Herbicide for the The Candel September 2016 (410g/l) control of grasses and Company Limited, broadleaf weeds in Accra pineapple 44. Destroyer FRE/1718/1125G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Rhemaco January 2017 (360g/l) control of annual and Enterprise, Kumasi perennial weeds 45. Dinamic Plus FRE/1606/1007G Amicarbazone III Herbicide for the Calli Ghana 500EC August 2016 (100g/l) + control of grasses Limited, Tema Propisochlor broadleaf and sedges (400g/l) in arable crops 46. Di-On WP FRE/1543/00874G Diuron (80%) III Herbicide for the Kumark Company August 2015 control of annual, Limited, perennial grasses and Kumasi broadleaf weeds in pineapples, citrus and mangoes 47. Diuron 80WP FRE/1602/1044G Diuron (80%) III Herbicide for the Agrimat Limited, August 2016 control of grass Madina weeds in cotton and sugarcane 48. Diurex FRE/16100/00994G Diuron II Herbicide for the Adama West 80WDG August 2016 (800g/kg) control of broadleaf Africa Ltd., Accra weeds and grasses in sugarcane and cotton 49. Diutop 80WP FRE/1626/1051G Diuron (80g/kg) II Herbicide for the The Candel September 2016 control of grasses and Company Limited, broadleaf weeds in Accra pineapple 50. Doubleforce FRE/16145/1039G Diuron (350g/l) II Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec August 2016 + Paraquat control of broadleaf Ltd. Kumasi dichloride weeds and grasses in (150g/l) field crops 51. Eduodzi 480SL FRE/1699/00971G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Rainbow March 2016 (480g/l) control of annual, AgroSciences Co. perennial grasses and Ltd., Tema broadleaf weeds in vegetables Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 24 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Distributor Date of Issue of Active Class Ingredient 52. Eduodzi 757 SG FRE/1699/00970G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Rainbow March 2016 (757g/kg) control of annual, AgroSciences Co. perennial grasses and Ltd., Tema broadleaf weeds in vegetables 53. Eliminator Plus FRE/1565/00841R Diquat II Herbicide for the Rainbow 150SL June 2015 dibromide control of broadleaf AgroSciences Co., (150g/l) weeds and grasses Limited, Accra 54. Eliminator Plus FRE/1565/00840R Diquat II Herbicide for the Rainbow 200SL June 2015 dibromide control of broadleaf AgroSciences Co, (200g/l) weeds and grasses Limited, Accra 55. Ervextra SC FRE/1655/00964G 2, 4-D Amine III Selective herbicide Louis Dreyfus January 2016 (720g/l) for the control of Commodities, broadleaf weeds in Ghana Ltd, Tema rice, maize, oil palm, coconut, rubber and sugarcane 56. Fenfen 240EC FRE/1699/00979G Oxyfluorfen U Herbicide for the Rainbow March 2016 (240g/l) control of annual, AgroSciences perennial broadleaf Company Limited, weeds and grasses in Tema groundnut, fruit trees, onion and cotton 57. ForceUp SL FRE/15145/00829G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec August 2015 (41%) control of weeds in Ltd., Kumasi crops 58. Force Uron 50SC FRE/15145/00942G Diuron (50%) III Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec Ltd, December 2015 control of grasses in Kumasi fruits and cotton 59. Force Uron 80WP FRE/16145/1038G Diuron (80%) III Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec Ltd, September 2016 control of grasses in Kumasi fruits and cotton 60. Franko-2, 4-D FRE/1439/00797G 2,4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Frankatson Limited, November 2014 salts (720g/l) control of broadleaf Accra weeds and sedges 61. Frankosate 41SL FRE/1439/00794G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Frankatson Limited, November 2014 (410g/l) control of broadleaf Accra weeds, sedges and grasses 62. Frankosulfuron FRE/1539/00944G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Frankatson Limited, December 2015 (40g/l) control of grasses in Accra. Maize 63. Gallant Super FRE/1505/00898G Haloxyfop III Post emergence Chemico Limited, August 2015 (108g/l) herbicide for the Tema control of broadleaf weeds in vegetables 64. Garlon 4 EC FRE/1505/00899G Triclopyr III Herbicide for use as Chemico Limited, August 2015 (480g/l) tree killer and the Tema control of broadleaf weeds 65. Glycel 41SL FRE/1610/1001G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Reiss and Co. August 2016 (410g/l) control of grasses and Ghana Ltd., Accra broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables 66. Glycot 41SL FRE/1458/00789G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Afcott Ghana November 2014 (410g/l) control of grasses and Limited, Accra broadleaf weeds in cereals Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 25 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Distributor Date of Issue of Active Class Ingredient 67. Glyfos 41SL FRE/1402/00809G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Agrimat Limited, December 2014 (410g/l) control of annual, Accra perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds 68. Glygold 41SL FRE/1453/00768G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the L’espoir Company November 2014 (410g/l) control of broadleaf Limited Accra weeds and grasses 69. Glyking 480 SL FRE/1699/00975G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Rainbow March 2016 (480g/l) control of grasses and AgroSciences Co. broadleaf weeds Ltd., Tema 70. Glyphader FRE/1455/00734G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Louis Dreyfus 480SC October 2014 (480g/l) control of broadleaf Commodities, weeds and grasses Ghana Ltd, Tema 71. Glyphader 75SG FRE/1455/00733G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Louis Dreyfus October 2014 (757g/kg) control of grasses and Commodities broadleaf weeds in Ghana. Ltd, Tema cereals and vegetables 72. Glyphogan 480SL FRE/14100/00813G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Adama West Africa December 2014 (360g/l) control of grasses and Ltd., Accra broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables 73. Glyphosate FRE/1557/00886G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine Technical August 2015 Ammonium Salt control of broadleaf Agric Products & (88 Min) weeds and grasses in Trading, Accra maize 74. Glyphosate FRE/1557/00887G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine Technical August 2015 Ammonium Salt control of broadleaf Agric Products & (95 Min) weeds and grasses in Trading, Accra maize 75. Glystar 41SL FRE/1553/00894G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Cropstar Enterprise, August 2015 (41%) control of broadleaf Kumasi weeds and grasses 76. Gramoquat Super FRE/1643/1082R Paraquat II Non-selective Kumark Co. Ltd., November 2016 dichloride herbicide for the Kumasi (200g/l) control of broadleaf weeds and grasses 77. Grammosharp FRE/1682/1131R Paraquat II Non-selective broad Cropstar Enterprise, Super 20SL December 2016 dichloride spectrum herbicide Kumasi (20%) for the control of broadleaf weeds and grasses 78. Guardforce OD FRE/15145/00941G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec Ltd, December 2015 (4%) control of annual Accra grass weeds 79. Granite 240 SC FRE/17185/1109G Penoxsulam U Herbicide for the Dow Chemical February 2017 (240 g/l) control of broadleaf West Africa LLC weeds, grasses, and Accra sedges in rice 80. Herbacut 72 SL FRE/1682/1132G 2,4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Cropstar Enterprise, December 2016 Salt (720g/l) control of grasses and Adum-Kumasi broadleaf weeds and sedges. 81. Herbaking 720SL FRE/1699/00980G 2,4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Rainbow March 2016 (720g/l) control of broadleaf AgroSciences weeds and grasses in Company Limited, sorghum and maize Tema Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 26 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Distributor Date of Issue of Active Class Ingredient 82. Herbextra 72SL FRE/1543/00859G 2, 4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Kumark Company August 2015 (720g/l) control of grasses in Limited, Kumasi rice, sorghum and maize 83. Herbimais WG FRE/1455/00730G Atrazine III Herbicide for the Louis Dreyfus October 2014 (750g/kg) control of annual, Commodities Gh. Nicosulfuron perennial grasses and Ltd, Tema (40g/kg) broadleaf weeds in maize 84. Hyvar X 80WP FRE/1606/1008G Bromacil III Pre-emergent Calli Ghana Co Ltd, August 2016 (800g/kg) herbicide for the Tema control of weeds in pineapple 85. Kabaherb SL FRE/1581/00884G 2,4-D Amine III Herbicide for the B. Kaakyire August 2015 Salts (720g/l) control of annual, Agrochemical Co. perennial grasses and Ltd., Kumasi broadleaf weeds in rice 86. Kabasate 41SL FRE/1581/00883G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the B. Kaakyire August 2015 (410g/l) control of annual, Agrochemical Co. perennial grasses and Ltd., Kumasi broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables 87. Kalach Extra FRE/1406/00712G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Calli Ghana 70SG October 2014 (700g/kg) control of grasses and Company Limited, broadleaf weeds Tema 88. Kalach 360SL FRE/1406/00711G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Calli Ghana October 2014 (360g/l) control of broadleaf Company Limited, weeds and grasses Tema 89. Kamazone FRE/1635/1097R Paraquat III Herbicide for the K. Badu October 2016 dichloride control of annual, Agrochemicals, (200g/l) perennial grasses and Kumasi broadleaf weeds 90. Kondem 41SL FRE/1635/1075G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the K. Badu Agro October 2016 (410g/l) control of broadleaf Chemicals Kumasi weeds and grasses 91. Kwatriqua FRE/1402/00804R Paraquat II Herbicide for the Agrimat Limited, 20SL December 2014 dichloride control of broadleaf Accra (200g/l) weeds and grasses 92. Kurasate 360SL FRE/1416/00772G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Kurama Company November 2014 (360g/l) control of grasses and Limited, Accra broadleaf weeds 93. Labada 75G FRE/1455/00731G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Louis Dreyfus October 2014 (757g/kg) control of grasses and Commodities Gh., broadleaf weeds Ltd, Tema 94. Lagon 575SC FRE/16183/1025G Aclonifen III Pre-emergent RMG Ghana August 2016 (500g/l) + herbicide for the Limited, Accra. Isoxaflucole control of grasses and (50g/l) broadleaf weeds in maize 95. Laudis 630SC FRE/17185/1108G Tembotrione III Herbicide for the RMG Ghana February 2017 (420g/l) + control of grasses and Limited, Accra. Isoxadifen-ethyl broadleaf weeds in (210g/l) maize 96. Maestro 960EC FRE/1699/00981G Metolachlor III Herbicide for the Rainbow March 2016 (960g/l) control of annual, AgroSciences perennial broadleaf Company Limited, weeds and grasses in Tema maize Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 27 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Distributor Date of Issue of Active Class Ingredient 97. Maxitol 865SL FRE/15142/00847G 2,4-D Amine III Herbicide for the Vista 2000 June 2015 Salts (865g/l) control of broadleaf Limited, weeds in cereals and Accra sugarcane 98. Nico 40OD FRE/15139/00892G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Jingbo August 2015 (40g/l) control of grasses and Agrochemicals broadleaf weeds in Tech. Gh. Co. cereals Ltd., Accra. 99. Nicobest 75WG FRE/1565/00838G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Rainbow June 2015 (75%) control of grasses and AgroSciences broadleaf weeds in Company Limited, cereals and Accra vegetables 100. Nicogan 40OD FRE/14100/00817G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Adama West Africa December 2014 (40g/l) control of grasses and Ltd., Accra broadleaf weeds in cereals and legumes 101. Nicoherb 40OD FRE/1498/00738G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the J.K. Duku October 2014 (40g/l) control of weeds in Enterprise, Kumasi cereals and vegetables 102. Nicoking 40SL FRE/1699/1003G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Rainbow August 2016 (400g/l) control of annual, AgroSciences Co. perennial grasses and Ltd., Tema broadleaf weeds in maize, rice and soybean 103. Nico Plus OD FRE/1543/00873G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Kumark Company August 2015 (4%) control of grasses and Limited, broadleaf weeds in Kumasi cereals and vegetables 104. Nicostar 40 SL FRE/1682/1130G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Cropstar Enterprise, December 2016 (40%) control of weeds in Adum-Kumasi cereals and vegetables 105. Nnoboa 41SL FRE/1455/00739G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the J. K. Duku October 2014 (41%) control of grasses and Enterprise, Kumasi broadleaf weeds 106. Nwura Wura FRE/1457/00749G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine 360SL November 2014 (360g/l) control of grasses and Agric Products & broadleaf weeds Trading, Accra 107. Odyssey 70 WG FRE/1798/1101G Imazamox II Herbicide for the CAMA Agro February 2017 350g/l + control of annual and Consult, Accra imazethapyr perennial broadleaf (350g/l) weeds, grasses and sedges in groundnuts and soybeans 108. Ogyatanaa 41SL FRE/1635/1096G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the K. Badu October 2016 (410g/l) control of annual, Agrochemicals, perennial grasses and Kumasi broadleaf weeds in cereals in vegetables Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 28 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Distributor Date of Issue of Active Class Ingredient 109. Orizo Plus SL FRE/1426/00819G Propanil II Selective herbicide The Candel December 2014 (360g/l) + 2,4-D for the control of Company Limited, Amine salts grasses and broadleaf Accra (200g/l) weeds in rice 110. Oyeadieyie 41SL FRE/1439/00795G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Frankatson Limited, November 2014 (410g/l) control of grasses and Accra broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables 111. Paracot SL FRE/1458/00787R Paraquat II Non-selective Afcott Ghana Ltd, November 2014 dichloride herbicide for the Kumasi (200g/l) control of grasses and broadleaf weeds 112. Pencal 500EC FRE/1506/00928G Pendimethalin II Herbicide for the Calli Ghana Ltd., December 2015 (500g/l) control of grasses and Tema broadleaf weeds and 113. Pendico 50EC FRE/1410/00765G Pendimethalin III Selective pre- Reiss & Co., Accra November 2014 (500g/l) emergent herbicide for the control of weeds in cereals, cotton and soybean 114. Pendigan FRE/14100/00815G Pendimethalin II Herbicide for the Adama West Africa 400CS December 2014 (400g/l) control of grasses and Ltd., Accra broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables 115. Pointer 276SL FRE/15142/00848R Paraquat II Non-Selective VISTA 2000 Ltd June 2015 dichloride contact herbicide for Accra (276g/l) the control of grasses and broadleaf weeds in soybean, corn, oil palm, rubber and rice 116. Power 41SL FRE/1498/00740G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the J. K. Duku October 2014 (41% w/w) control of grasses and Enterprise, Kumasi broadleaf weeds 117. Pronil Plus SL FRE/1425/00782G Propanil III Selective herbicide Bentronic November 2014 (360g/l) + 2, 4 for the control of Productions, D Amine Salt grasses and broadleaf Kumasi (200g/l) weeds in rice 118. Propa Super FRE/1623/00988G Propanil III Herbicide for the Thomhcof 36EC March 2016 (360g/l) control of broadleaf Company Limited, weeds and grasses in Kumasi corn, sugarcane, sorghum and pineapple 119. Propa Gold EC FRE/1655/00565G Propanil II Systemic herbicide Louis Dreyfus January 2016 (360g/l) + 2,4-D for the control of Commodities Amine (200g/l) broadleaf weeds in Ghana, Tema rice 120. Propacal-Plus FRE/1543/00861G Propanil II Selective herbicide Kumark Company 480EC August 2015 (240g/l) + 2, 4- for the control of Limited, Kumasi D Isobutyl Ester grasses and broadleaf (240g/l) weeds in rice 121. Propaforce Plus FRE/15145/00830G Propanil (36%) III Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec EC June 2015 + 2,4-D Isobutyl control of weeds in Ltd., Accra Ester (20%) rice 122. Rainbow FRE/1498/00740G Penoxsulam III Herbicide for the Chemico Limited, 25OD October 2014 (250g/l) control weeds in rice Tema Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 29 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Distributor Date of Issue of Active Class Ingredient 123. Aminespray FRE/1699/1005G 2,4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Rainbow 72SL August 2016 (720g/l) control of broadleaf Agrosciences Co weeds in rice Ltd, Accra 124. Rainpendim FRE/1565/00855G Pendimethalin III Herbicide for the Rainbow August 2015 (500g/l) control of grasses and AgroSciences broadleaf weeds in Company maize and sugarcane Limited, Accra 125. Rainpropa Plus FRE/1565/00856G Propanil III Herbicide for the Rainbow August 2015 (360g/l) + 2,4 D control of AgroSciences Amine (200g/l) Amaranthus Company Limited, retroflexus,Digitaria Accra spp. Echinochloa spp., Panicum spp. in rice 126. Ricenice 360EC FRE/1699/00982G Propanil III Herbicide for the Rainbow March 2016 (360g/l) control of AgroSciences Amaranthus Company Limited, retroflexus, Tema Digitaria spp., and Echinochloa spp.in rice 127. Rid Out FRE/1699/00974G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Rainbow 480 SL March 2016 (480g/l) control of annual, AgroSciences Co. perennial grasses and Ltd., Tema broadleaf weeds. 128. Rid Over FRE/1699/00972G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Rainbow 757 SG March 2016 ammonium control of annual, AgroSciences Co. (75.7%) perennial grasses and Ltd., Tema broadleaf weeds. 129. Rival 360SL FRE/1401/00820G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Wienco (Gh.) Ltd, December 2014 (360 g/l) control of annual and Accra perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds 130. Roundup 360SL FRE/1455/00732G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Louis Dreyfus October 2014 (360g/l) control of annual and Commodities, perennial broadleaf Ghana Ltd, Tema weeds and grasses 131. Roundup 450 FRE/1455/00822G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Louis Dreyfus Turbo December 2014 (450g/l) control of annual Commodities, grasses and broadleaf Ghana Ltd, Tema weeds 132. Roundup Biosec FRE/1555/00858G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Louis Dreyfus 72SG August 2015 (720g/kg) control of aannual, Commodities, perennial, grasses, Ghana Ltd, Tema sedges and broadleaf weeds in tree plantations and arable crops 133. Sharp 480SL FRE/1543/00860G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Kumark Company August 2015 (480g/l) control of annual and Limited, Kumasi perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables 134. Shye Nwura SL FRE/1425/00253G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Bentronic October 2014 (41%w/w) control of grasses and Productions broadleaf weeds Kumasi Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 30 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Distributor Date of Issue of Active Class Ingredient 135. Sikosto 360SL FRE/1416/00771G Glyphosate III Non-selective Kurama Company November2014 (360g/l) herbicide for the Limited, Accra control of annual, perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds 136. Solito 320EC FRE/16185/1021G Pretilachlor III Selective herbicide RMG Ghana August 2016 (30%) + for the control of and Limited, Accra Pyrebenzoxim broadleaf weeds and (2%) grasses in rice 137. Squad 500EC FRE/1506/00929G Clomazone II Pre-emergence Calli Ghana December 2015 (150g/l) + herbicide for the Company Ltd., Pendimethalin control of grasses and Tema (300g/l) broadleaf weeds in rice 138. Stam F34EC FRE/1505/00900G Propanil II Herbicide for the Chemico Limited, August 2015 (360g/l) control of post Tema emergent annual weeds in rice 139. Starm Plus 36EC FRE/1602/1043G Propanil (36%) III Herbicide for the Agrimat Limited, August 2016 control of grass Madina weeds in cotton 140. Star Force FRE/17145/1092G Fluazifop-P- III Herbicides for the Jubaili Agrotec February 2017 butyl (150g/l) control of annual, Ltd., Kumasi perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in cotton and groundnuts 141. Stellar Star FRE/1698/1034G Topramezone II Herbicide for the Cama Agro August 2016 (50g/l) + control of annual, Consult, Accra Dicamba perennial broadleaf (160g/l) weeds and grasses in maize 142. Stomp FRE/1498/00807G Pendimethalin II Herbicide for the Cama Agro 445CS November 2014 (445g/l) control of broadleaf Consult, Accra weeds and grasses in maize, cotton and tomatoes 143. Sun Agogo FRE/1657/1059G Pendimethalin III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine 33EC September 2016 (33%) control of grasses and Agric Prdt & Trad. broadleaf weeds in Co. Ltd, Accra. cereals and vegetables 144. Sun-Anico OF FRE/1657/1070R Atrazine (20%) III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine September 2016 + Nicosulfuron control of broadleaf Agric. Products & (3%) weeds and grasses in Trading Co. Ltd., maize Accra. 145. Sunbuzin 70WP FRE/1657/1054G Metribuzin III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine September 2016 (700g/kg) control of broadleaf Agric Prdt & Trad. weeds in soybean Co. Ltd, Accra. 146. Sun 2,4-D Amine FRE/1657/1061G 2, 4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine 72SL September 2016 (720g/l) control of broadleaf Agric Products & weeds and sedges Trading Company Limited, Accra 147. Sun 2,4-D PRO FRE/1457/00756G 2, 4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine 560EC November 2014 (560g/l) control of broadleaf Agric Products & weeds and sedges Trading Co., Ltd., Accra 148. Sun-Bromacil FRE/1557/00835G Bromacil III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine 80WP June 2015 (800g/kg) control of broadleaf Agric Products & weeds and grasses in Trading Co., pineapples Limited, Accra Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 31 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Distributor Date of Issue of Active Class Ingredient 149. Sun-Diuron FRE/1557/00836G Diuron III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine 80WP June 2015 (800g/kg) control of weeds in Agric Products & pineapples, mangoes Trading Co., and cashew Limited, Accra 150. Sunfuron 75WDG FRE/1457/00755G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine November 2014 (750g/kg) control of broadleaf Agric Products & weeds in cereals and Trading Co. Ltd, vegetables Accra 151. Sunfuron 80WP FRE/1457/00754G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine November 2014 (800g/kg) control of broadleaf Agric Products & weeds in cereals and Trading Co. vegetables Limited, Accra 152. Sunfuron 40OD FRE/1657/1055G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine September 2016 (40g/l) control of grasses and Agric Prdts & broadleaf weeds in Trading Co. Ltd, maize Accra 153. Sun-Paraquat FRE/1557/00837R Paraquat II Non-selective Wynca Sunshine 200SL June 2015 dichloride herbicide for the Agric Products & (200g/l) control of broadleaf Trading Co., weeds and grasses Limited, Accra 154. Sunphosate FRE/1457/00750G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine 360 SL November 2014 (360g/l) control of broadleaf Agric Products & weeds and grasses Trading Co., Limited, Accra 155. Sunphosate FRE/1457/00752G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine 757 WSG November 2014 (757g/kg) control of broadleaf Agric Products & weeds and grasses Trading Co., Limited, Accra 156. Sun-Gallop FRE/1657/1056G Haloxyfop-P- III Pre-emergence Wynca Sunshine September 2016 methyl (108g/l) herbicide for the Agric Prdts & control of annual Trading Co. Ltd, broadleaf weeds in Accra cereals and beans 157. Sunphocate FRE/1657/1058G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine 360SL September 2016 (360g/l) control of annual, Agric Prdt & Trad. perennial grasses in Co. Ltd, Accra. onion, garlic, tulips and cotton 158. Sunphosate Plus FRE/1657/1060G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine September 2016 (30%) + MCPA control of broadleaf Agric. Products & (6%) weeds and grasses in Trading Co. Ltd., rubber and citrus Accra. plantations 159. Sunphosate Ultra FRE/1657/1057G Glufosinate III Non-selective Wynca Sunshine SL September 2016 Ammonium systemic herbicide Agric. Products & (200g/l) for the control of Trading Co. Ltd., weeds in rubber and Accra. citrus plantations 160. Suprazone SC FRE/1455/00729R Paraquat II Non-selective Louis Dreyfus October 2014 dichloride herbicide for the Commodities, (200g/l) control of broadleaf Ghana Ltd, Tema weeds and grasses 161. Tackle 360SL FRE/1626/1052 Glyphosate IV Herbicide for the The Candel September 2016 (360g/l) control of grasses, Company Limited, sedges and broadleaf Accra weeds in pineapple Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 32 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration Hazard Uses Local Distributor Date of Issue of Active Class Ingredient 162. Terbulor 500EC FRE/15100/00913G Metalachlor III Non-selective, pre- Adama West Africa September 2015 (333g/l) + emergent herbicide Ltd., Accra Terbutryn for the control of (167g/l) weeds in cereals, cotton and tubers 163. Thomabest Super FRE/1623/00989R Paraquat II Herbicide for the Thomhcof 200SL March 2016 dichloride control of broadleaf Company Limited, (200g/l) weeds and grasses in Kumasi cereals 164. Topstar 400SC FRE/16183/1026G Oxadiargyl III Pre-emergent RMG Ghana, August 2016 (400g/l) herbicide for the limited, Accra control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in rice 165. Vezir 240SL FRE/1410/00812G Imazethapyr III Herbicide for control Adama West December 2014 (204g/l) of annual, perennial Africa Ltd., Accra grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables 166. Vision 568WG FRE/1506/00927G Amicarbozone III Herbicide for the Calli Ghana Ltd., December 2015 (280g/kg) + control of grasses and Tema Mesotrione broadleaf weeds and (288g/kg) sedges 167. Weedall SL FRE/1543/00862G Glyphosate III Selective herbicide Kumark Company August 2015 (480g/l) for the control of Limited, Kumasi grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals and vegetables 168. Winner 41SL FRE/1623/00990G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Thomhcof March 2016 (410g/l) control of annual, Company Limited, perennial broadleaf Kumasi weeds and grasses in cereals 169. Wiper 720SL FRE/14100/00816G 2,4-D Amine II Herbicide for the Adama west Africa December 2014 (720g/l) control of broadleaf Ltd., Accra weeds and sedges in cereals 170. Wynna SL FRE/1457/00751G Glyphosate III Non-selective Wynca Sunshine November 2014 (410g/l) herbicide for the Agric Products & control of grasses and Trading Co. Ltd, broadleaf weeds in Accra cereals and vegetables 171. Wynna FRE/1457/00753G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine 360SL November 2014 (360g/l) control of grasses Agric Products & and broadleaf weeds Trading, Accra and grasses 172. XTRA-D FRE/16108/00992G 2,4 –D Amine III Herbicide for the WAAF Agro March 2016 (720g/l) control of broadleaf Limited, Techiman weeds in cereals and tree crops 173. Zoomer 390SC FRE/15100/00912G Oxyfluorfen III Herbicide for the Adama West Africa September 2015 (300g/l)+ control of broadleaf Ltd., Accra Glyphosate weeds and grasses in (360g/l) maize and vegetables Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 33 (A) Fully Registered Pesticides (FRE) (A4) Plant Growth Regulators No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 1. Callel 480SL FRE/1406/00748G Ethephon (280g/l) III Plant growth Calli Ghana Co. November 2014 regulator for de- Ltd., Tema greening of pineapple 2. Callel 5% PA FRE/1506/00919G Ethephon (5%) III Plant growth Calli Ghana Co. September 2015 regulator for de- Ltd., Tema greening of pineapple 3. Chemophon FRE/1505/00904G Ethephon (480g/l) III Plant growth Chemico Ltd, 480SL August 2015 regulator for de- Tema greening of pineapples 4. Flower Up FRE/1557/00889/G Ethephon (40%) III PGR for Wynca Sunshine 40SL August 2015 acceleration of Agric Products & maturation in Trading Co. Ltd, Accra tomatoes and bananas 5. Hevetex P FRE/1655/00968G Ethephon (5%) III Ethylene generator Louis Dreyfus January 2016 for stimulation of Commodities latex production Ghana Ltd, Tema 6. Mat 480SL FRE/1455/00727G Ethephon (480g/l) III Plant growth Louis Dreyfus October 2014 regulator for de- Commodities greening of Ghana Ltd, pineapples Tema 7. RyzUp 40SG FRE/1480/00743G Gibberellic acid U Plant growth Challux Ltd, November 2014 1.279 billion regulator for banana Accra ITU/l 8. Sino Booster FRE/1730/1120G Humic Acid IV Plant Growth Natosh AS February 2017 (16%) regulator for Enterprise, stimulating growth Kumasi in potatoes, peanut and soybean. (A5) Molluscicide No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 1. Carakol FRE/16100/00997G Acetic III Molluscicide for the Adama West August 2016 metaldehyde control of snails, Africa Ltd., Accra (50g/kg) + slugs and other Denatonium gastropods benzoate (0.3g/kg) Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 34 (A) Fully Registered Pesticides (FRE) (A6) Nematicides No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazar Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient d Class Distributor 1. Carbodan FRE/1543/00866G Carbofuran (3%) II Nematicide/ Kumark Company June 2015 Insecticide for the Limited, Kumasi control of nematodes in vegetables 2. Marshal FRE/1505/00906G Carbosulfan (480g/l) II Nematicide/ Chemico Ltd., 480EC August 2015 insecticide for the Tema control of scale, nematodes and symphylids in pineapple 3. 3 Rugby 10G FRE/1505/00905G Cadusafos (10%) II Nematicide Chemico Ltd., August 2015 /insecticide for the Tema control of nematodes 4. Velum Prime FRE/16183/00969G Fluopyram (400g/l) III Nematicide for the RMG Ghana, 400SC March 2016 control of limited, Accra nematodes in pepper, tomatoes and okro (A7) Adjuvants No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 1. Bladbuff 5 FRE/1408/00715G Phosphoric acid + U An adjuvant for use Dizengoff, Gh. October 2014 alcohol ethoxylate as a wetting and Ltd., Accra spreading agent for contact and systemic fungicides and herbicides 2. Break-thru FRE/14157/00784G Polyether- U Surfactant to Evonik West S240 November 2014 polymethylsiloxane- improve the Africa copolymer (1000g/l) spreading, wetting Accra. and penetration of water based pesticide formulations on leaves of vegetables, fruits and arable crops 3. EOS FRE/14100/00762G White summer spray U Adjuvant for public Adama West November 2014 oil (800g/l) health use Africa Ltd., Accra 4. Sticker FRE/17133/1121G Silicon/Trisiloxane U Spreader to Abnark Agro February 2017 surfactant improve spray Services. Kumasi coverage 5. Stockosorb FRE/14157/00785G Micro/Menum/ XL U To improve water Evonik West 660 November 2014 (Potassium retention in soil Africa Polyacrylate) Accra. Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 35 (A) Fully Registered Pesticides (FRE) (A8) Biocides No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 1. BPC68950 FRE/15181/00949/G 2,2-dibromo-2- III Biocide against Baker December 2015 cyanoacetatmide general anaerobic Hughes/Tullow and sulphate Ghana Ltd., Accra reducing bacteria 2. PFR8427 FRE/15181/00946/G 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- III Bactericide for the Baker Rocide December 2015 isothiazolin-3-one inhibition of the Hughes/Tullow 5% + 2-methyl-2H- growth of bacteria Ghana Ltd., Accra isothiazol-3-one (5%) 3. Aqucar Water FRE/15181/00945/G Glutaraldehyde (30- U Biocide for the Baker Biocide December 2015 60%) treatment of Hughes/Tullow produced water Ghana Ltd., Accra system offshore for safe over boarding 4. XC 82205 FRE/15181/00947/G 3,3-methylenebis- III Bactericide for the Baker December 2015 5methloxazolidine inhibition of the Hughes/Tullow (60%) growth of bacteria Ghana Ltd., Accra 5. XC 85293 FRE/15181/00948/G Phosphonium III Bactericide for the Baker December 2015 Quartenary Salt inhibition of the Hughes/Tullow (60%) growth of bacteria Ghana Ltd., Accra 6. Promex FRE/15120/00950/G 2,2-Dibromo-3- II Bactericide/ BBC Industrials DB-20 December 2015 nitrilopropionamide fungicide for the Co. Ltd., Accra (20%) control of bacteria and fungus in aqueous solutions 7. Promex FRE/15120/00952/G 1,6-Dihydroxy-2, 5- II Bactericide/ BBC Industrials CHS-3 December 2015 dioxahexane (20%) + fungicide for the Co. Ltd., Accra 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- control of bacteria isothiazolin-3-one and fungus in (1%) + 2-methyl-4- aqueous solutions isothiazolin-3-one (1%) 8. PermaClean FRE/17200/1116G 2,2 Dibromo-3- U Control bacteria Nalco Champion, PC-11 February 2017 nitrilopropionamide fouling of Gh., Ltd, Accra ultrafiltration units, non medical or non potable reverse osmosis membranes and peripheral systems 9. PermaClean FRE/17200/1117G 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4- U For controlling Nalco Champion, PC-56 February 2017 isothiazoline-3-one + bacteria fouling of Gh., Ltd, Accra 2-Methyl-4- ultrafiltration units, isothiazoline-3-one non medical or non potable reverse osmosis membranes and peripheral systems 10. Nalco 303MC FRE/17200/1118G 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2- U Diesel biocide Nalco Champion, February 2017 alkyl (C-18)-2- Gh., Ltd, Accra imidazoline 11. BIOC11077A FRE/17200/1119G Glutaraldehyde (15% U Biocide Nalco Champion, February 2017 + water (85%) Gh., Ltd, Accra Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 36 (B) PROVISIONALLY CLEARED PESTICIDES (PCL) (B1) Insecticides No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 1. Adepa Agro PCL/16193/00838G Ethyl palmitate U Insecticide for the Kwadutsa and Organic October 2016 control of mites, Joam Co. Ltd., Pesticide ticks, caterpillars, Suame-Kumasi. mealybugs and bacteria blight in vegetables, cashew, mango and citrus 2. Agrifog Maxi PCL/17173/00891G Deltamethrin (14%) III Insecticide for the Agromonti Co. Smoke February 2017 control of Ltd., Accra Generator household insect pests 3. Agropy 5EW PCL/16197/00867G Pyrethrum (50g/l) Insecticide for the Yayra Glover November 2016 control of mirids in Ltd., Suhum cocoa 4. Agroxin PCL/16145/00872R Aluminium Ib Insecticide for the Jubaili Agrotec Tablet December 2016 Phosphide (57%) control of insect Ltd., Kumasi pests of stored grains 5. Akate Asa PCL/16196/00866G Bifenthrin (3%) II Insecticide for the Pear River November 2016 control of mirids in Company Ltd. cocoa Accra 6. Akate Brafo PCL/1606/00782G Acetamiprid (20g/l) + III Insecticide for the Calli Ghana Ltd., 40EC August 2016 Bifenthrin (20g/l) control of mirids in Tema cocoa 7. Akate PCL/17198/00894G Bifenthrin (30g/l) + II Insecticide for the Cedar Seal Co. Commando January 2017 Acetamiprid (16g/l) control of mirids in Ltd., Accra cocoa 8. Ba-Pyrifos PCL/1681/00881G Chlorpyrifos (480g/l) II Insecticide for the B. Kaakyire 48EC December 2016 control of insect Agrochemicals, pest in rice and Kumasi vegetables 9. Belt Expert PCL/1785/00904G Flubendiamide II Insecticide for the RMG Ghana, 480SC February 2017 (420g/l) + control of insect Limited, Accra Thiacloprid (240g/l) pests in cotton 10. Bonfop EC PCL/16149/00803G Haloxyfop-P-methyl III Herbicide for the Bon Agro August 2016 (104g/l) control of annual, Company Ltd., perennial broadleaf Kumasi. weeds and grasses in pineapples, vegetables, soybean and cotton 11. Bon Proplus PCL/16149/00804G Propanil (360g/l) + III Herbicide for the Bon Agro August 2016 2,4-D Amine (200g/l) control of annual, Company Ltd., perennial broadleaf Kumasi. weeds and grasses in rice and field crops 12. Bonpyrifos PCL/16149/00801G Chlorpyrifos (480g/l) II Insecticide for the Bon Agro 48EC August 2016 control of Company Ltd., caterpillars, borers, Kumasi. beetles, spider mites, ticks, fire ants in vegetables Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 37 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 13. Bon Optimal PCL/16149/00802G Acetamiprid (2%) + III Insecticide for the Bon Agro EC August 2016 Lambda-cyhalothrin control of aphids, Company Ltd., (1.5%) whiteflies and leaf Kumasi. miners in vegetables 14. Bon Victory PCL/16149/00805G Mancozeb (640g/kg) II Fungicide for the Bon Agro WP August 2016 + Metalaxyl (80g/kg) control of fungal Company Ltd., diseases in Kumasi. vegetables 15. Cisthrin PCL/1699/00787G Deltamethrin II Insecticide for the Rainbow August 2016 (12.5g/l) control of borers, AgroSciences Co. aphids, bollworm, Ltd., Tema. cutworm, mango weevil and strainers in maize, cassava, yam, sorghum, groundnuts and vegetables 16. Cocomate PCL/16188/00821G Thiamethoxam (24%) III Insecticide for the West Africa 24EC September 2016 control of mirids Commodity Co. and capsids in Ltd., Accra cocoa 17. Colam 247ZC PCL/1699/00849G Thiamethoxam II Insecticide for the Rainbow October 2016 (141g/l) + Lambda- control of sucking Agrosciences Co. cyhalothrin (106g/l) and chewing insects Ltd., Accra in rice, tomato, cotton, beans, cabbage and watermelon 18. Commander PCL/16188/00819G Imidacloprid (20%) III Insecticide for the West Africa 20SL September 2016 control of mirids Commodity Co. and capsids in Ltd., Accra cocoa 19. Dastoxion T PCL/16166/00909R Aluminium Ib Insecticide for the Dasimah December 2016 phosphide 57%) control of pest in Enterprise, stored grains Adum-Kumasi 20. Dresscare DS PCL/16145/00876G Imidacloprid II Insecticide/ Jubaili Agrotec December 2016 (20%)+ Metalaxyl-M Fungicide for seed Ltd., Accra (20%) + treatment Tebuconazole (2%) 21. Dynamo WP PCL/16189/00823G Beauveria bssiana U Insecticide for the Agropharm West September 2016 (1%) control of Africa Ltd., Tema caterpillars, diamondback moth, bollworm in vegetables, semi looper and fruit borers in vegetables and arable crops 22. Fixe 50SC PCL/1635/00797G Fipronil (50g/l) II Insecticide for the Louis Dreyfus August 2016 control of Commodities caterpillars, Ltd., Tema weevils, fire ant, termites and thrips in vegetables and fruits 23. Fly marshall PCL/17199/00903G Spinosad (0.002% + II Insecticide for the Chemyda SC (oils 55% February 2017 aromatic compounds) control of fruit flies Company in vegetables and Limited, Accra fruits Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 38 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 24. Grain-Mate PCL/1657/00842R Aluminium Ib Insecticide for the Wynca Sunshine October 2016 phosphide (56%) control of storage Agric. Products & pests in stored grain Trading Co. Ltd., Accra. 25. Hoprole PCL/1657/00848G Indoxacarb (95%) II Insecticide for the Rainbow 30WG October 2016 control of Agrosciences Co. diamondback moth, Ltd., Accra beetles, caterpillars and cabbage moth in cabbage, tomatoes and cowpea 26. Imicare Plus PCL/16145/00873G Imidacloprid (15%) + II Insecticide for the Jubaili Agrotec December 2016 Lambda-cyhalothrin control of contact Ltd, Kumasi. (5%) and stomach acting insects in fruit trees, cereals, cowpea, soybean, groundnut, cassava, oil palm and vegetables 27. Imicare SL PCL/16145/00874G Imidacloprid (200g/l) II Insecticide for the Jubaili Agrotec December 2016 control of plant Ltd, Kumasi hoppers aphids and whiteflies in rice and tomatoes 28. Inspire 30 EC PCL/1706/00900G Etofenprox U Insecticide for the Calli Ghana February 2017 (303.68g/l) control of mirids in Company Limited cocoa. 29. Intact 2.5EC PCL/16186/00795G Lambda-cyhalothrin III Insecticide for the Ivorychem Co. August 2016 (2.5%) control of Ltd., Kumasi bollworms, leafhoppers, caterpillars, and strainers in cotton, rice maize and vegetables 30. J-Furan 3G PCL/17145/00895R (Carbofuran 3%) II Insecticide for the Jubaili Agrotec February 2017 control of Ltd, Kumasi sugarcane shoot borer 31. Killtox PCL/16195/00840G Permethrin (1.15%) + II Insecticide for the Mash Insecticide October 2016 Tetramethrin (0.2%) control of flying Distribution, Aerosol + Piperonyl butoxide insects Accra (0.6%) + Odorless kerosene (33.05%) + LPG (65%) 32. Klopar 24 SC PCL/16133/00822G Chlorfenapyr (240g/l) II Insecticide for the Abnark Agro September 2016 control of mites, Services armyworm, Enterprise, diamondback moth Kumasi and cotton bollworm in vegetables 33. Lagano 2.5EC PCL/17184/00888G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for the Ganorma February 2017 (25g/l) control of aphids, Agrochemicals, beetles, thrips in Tamale cotton and vegetables Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 39 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 34. Laracare PCL/16145/00875G Lambda- cyhalothrin II Insecticide for the Jubaili Agrotec 2.5EC December 2016 (2.5%) control of insect Ltd, Kumasi pests in vegetables and pulses 35. Lycan WP PCL/1672/00825G Verticilium lecanii U Biological Agropharm West September 2016 (1.15%) insecticide for the Africa Ltd., Tema control of whiteflies, green hoppers, thrips, mealybugs, brown hopppers and leafminers in tomatoes and cowpea 36. Mosquito Hell PCL/1757/00902G S-Bioallethrin (0.2%) II Insecticide for Wynca Sunshine February 2017 control of Agric Products mosquitoes and Trading Co., (Gh) Ltd., Accra 37. Nemaran 3GR PCL/1699/00850G Carbofuran (3%) II Insecticide for the Rainbow October 2016 control of insect Agrosciences Co. pests in vegetables, Ltd., Accra sugarcane, cotton, rice and groundnut 38. Organic JMS PCL/1608/00818G White Mineral Oil U Insecticide/ Dizengoff Ghana Stylet Oil October 2016 fungicide for the Ltd., Accra control of aphids, mites, thrips, powdery mildew, botrytis and rust in vegetables and fruits 39. Orizon 120SC PCL/1608/00829G Acetamiprid (100g/l) II Insecticide for the Dizengoff Ghana October 2016 + Abamectin (20g/l) control of insect Ltd., Accra pests in vegetables and citrus 40. Pridapod PCL/16191/00837G Imidacloprid (200g/l) II Insecticide for the USICO Gh. Ltd, October 2016 control of mirids in Accra. cocoa 41. Proteus 170 PCL/17185/00905G Thiacloprid II Systemic RMG Ghana O-TEG February 2017 (150g/l ) + insecticide for the Limited, Accra Deltamethrin (20g/l) control of mirids in cocoa 42. Rocket 20EC PCL/16145/00871G Chlorpyrifos (20%) II Insecticide for the Jubaili Agrotec December 2016 control of insect Limited, Kumasi pest in cotton, citrus and vegetables 43. Rockstar PCL/16188/00820G Bifenthrin (2.5%) III Insecticide for the West Africa 2.5EC September 2016 control of mirids Commodity Co. and capsids in Ltd., Accra cocoa 44. Savahaler WP PCL/1635/00796G Methomyl (250g/kg) II Insecticide for the Louis Dreyfus August 2016 control of insect Commodities pests in vegetables, Ltd., Tema fruits, cotton, soybean and other crops 45. Sivanto PCL/17185/00899G Flupyradifurone 75g/l II Insecticide for the RMG Ghana Ltd., Energy 085 February 2017 + Deltamethrine control of mirids in Accra EC (10 g/l) cocoa. Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 40 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 46. Sunpri-Lam PCL/1657/00841G Cypermethrin (2.5%) II Insecticide for the Wynca Sunshine 25EC October 2016 + Chlorpyrifos control of aphids, Agric. Products (22.5%) jassids, thrips, & Trading Co. whiteflies, Ltd., Accra. bollworms and cutworm in eggplant, cotton, tomatoes and lettuce 47. Swipe PCL/16194/00839G D-Allethrin (0.47%) III Insecticide for the Haano Limited, Mosquito Coil October 2016 control of Accra mosquitoes 48. Termidor SC PCL/1698/00809G Fipronil (25g/l) III Insecticide for the Cama Agro August 2016 control of termites Consulting in cabbage, onion, (C.AC). Ltd., eggplant and maize Accra 49. Trika Expert PCL/1608/00817G Lambda-cyhalothrin II Insecticide for the Dizengoff Gh. September 2016 (25%) control of insect Ltd., Accra pests in vegetables and public health purposes 50. Viper Super PCL/1706/00901G Indoxacarb III Insecticide for Calli Ghana 80 EC February 2017 control of cocoa Ltd., Tema (60g/l) + Acetamiprid mirids (20g/l) 51. Voliam Flexi PCL/1606/00781G Chlorantraniliprole III Insecticide for Calli Ghana 300SC August, 2016 (100g/l) + control of mirids in Ltd., Tema Thiamethoxam cocoa (200g/l) Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 41 (B) PROVISIONALLY CLEARED PESTICIDES (PCL) (B2) Fungicides No. Trade Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Name Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 1. Archer PCL/1672/00826G Lantana camara (75%) U Fungicide for the Agropharm West 75 SP September 2016 control of leafspot, Africa Ltd., Tema blast, powdery mildew, leaf curl, early blight, late blight and leaf curl in fruits and vegetables 2. Arrest PCL/16189/00828G Azoxystrobin (200g/l) III Fungicide for the Matrix Innovation 325 SC August 2016 + Difenoconazole control of leafspot, Ltd., Accra (125g/l) leaf blight, blast, black spot, rust, brown spot in vegetables, tree crops, cereals and ornamentals 3. Banko D PCL/1606/00784G Chlorothalonil (400g/l) III Fungicide for the Calli. Ghana Ltd., 450SC August 2016 + Difenoconazole control of Tema (50g/l) Alternaria sp. in tomatoes 4. Carinho WP PCL/1635/00799G Carbendazim (500g/kg) III Fungicide for the Louis Dreyfus August 2016 control of leaf spot, Commodities leaf mould and Ltd., Tema stem rot in vegetables 5. Defender PCL/1666/00869G Copper oxychloride Fungicide for the Sidalco Co. Ltd., 35WP November 2016 (350g/l) control of fungal Accra diseases 6. Five Star PCL/1699/00857G Azoxystrobin (200g/l) U Fungicide for the Rainbow 325SC October 2016 + Difenoconazole control of brown Agrosciences Co. (125g/l) spot, blackspot, rust Ltd., Accra and white mould in cabbage, cauliflower, cowpea, soybean, bulb vegetables, groundnut, sweetcorn and sweetpotato. 7. Grosudine PCL/16165/00792G Imidacloprid (30g/l) + II Insecticide for the PakGhana Co. Super 50SC August 2016 Bifenthrin (20g/l) control of aphids, Ltd., Kumasi whiteflies and mealybugs in vegetables 8. Redox Super PCL/16165/00790G Imidacloprid (200g/l) II Insecticide for the PakGhana Co. SL control of aphids, Ltd., Kumasi whiteflies and mealybugs in vegetables 9. Shaolin PCL/1699/00858G Cyprodinil (37.5%) + III Fungicide for the Rainbow 62.5WG November 2016 Fludioxonil (25%) control of diseases Agroosciences in tomato, mango, Co. Ltd., Accra green pepper, carrot and pawpaw Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 42 No. Trade Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Name Date of Issue Active Ingredient Class Distributor 10. Sun-Cotala PCL/1657/00845G Copper hydroxide III Fungicide for the Wynca Sunshine WP October 2016 (770g/kg) control of angular Agric. Products leaf spot in & Trading Co. cucumber Ltd., Accra. 11. Sunkopper PCL/1657/00846G Mancozeb (480g/kg) + III Fungicide for the Wynca Sunshine 77WP October 2016 Metalaxyl (100g/kg) control of downy Agric. Products mildew in & Trading Co. cucumber Ltd., Accra. 12. Supreme PCL/1610/00861G Azoxystrobin (200g/l) U Fungicide for the Reiss & Co. 325SC October 2016 + Difenoconazole control of leaf (Gh) Ltd., Accra (125g/l) blight, powdery mildew, early and late blight, blast and downy mildew in vegetables and cereals 13. Terminator PCL/17173/00892G Mancozeb (640g/kg) + III Fungicide for the Agromonti Co. February 2017 Metalaxyl (80g/kg) control of broad- Ltd., Accra spectrum fungi in vegetables 14. Tricost PCL/1672/00827G Trichoderma viride U Microbial fungicide Agropharm September 2016 (1%) WP for the control of West Africa fungal diseases in Ltd., Tema rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, millet and vegetables 15. Trustar PCL/1699/00856G Azoxystrobin (49%) + IV Fungicide for the Rainbow 85WG October 2016 Terbuconazole (36%) control of diseases Agroosciences in sweetcorn, rice, Co. Ltd., Accra soybean, tomato and banana Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 43 (B) PROVISIONALLY CLEARED PESTICIDES (PCL) (B3) Herbicides No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 1. Adwumaden PCL/16144/00864G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the S.O. Ansah 41 SL October 2016 (410g/l) control of annual, Enterprise, perennial grasses Kejetia. and broadleaf Kumasi weeds in field crops 2. Agronil 36EC PCL/1610/00860G Propanil (360g/l) III Herbicide for the Reiss & Co. (Gh.) October 2016 control of annual Ltd., Accra grasses in rice 3. Atraforce 50% PCL/17145/00897R Atrazine (50%) II Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec SC February 2017 control of annual Ltd, Kumasi and perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses in maize, and sugarcane, 4. Atraforce 80% PCL/17145/00898R (Atrazine 80%) II Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec WP February 2017 control of annual Ltd, Kumasi and perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses in maize, and sugarcane, 5. Atraherb 80WP PCL/1698/00906R Atrazine (80%) II Herbicide for the J. K. Duku December 2016 control of annual Enterprise, and perennial Kumasi grasses and broadleaf weeds 6. Atraplus PCL/1699/00780G Atrazine (300g/l) III Herbicide for the Rainbow 600SC August 2016 + Terbutylazine control of weeds in AgroSciences (300g/l) maize and sorghum Co., Ltd., Accra 7. Atrazine Super PCL/1602/00811R Atrazine III Herbicide for the Agrimat Limited, 80WP August 2016 (800g/kg) control of annual, Accra perennial grass weeds in maize, sorghum and pineapple 8. Benapa 460SL PCL/1699/00853G Bentazone II Contact and Rainbow October 2016 (400g/l) + MCPA selective post- Agrosciences Co. (60g/l) emergence Ltd., Accra herbicide for the control of grasses in rice, maize, sorghum and sugarcane 9. Bencinate PCL/1610/00859G Mefenacet (95%) U Herbicide for the Reiss & Co. (Gh.) 53WP October 2016 + Bensulfuron- control of grasses, Ltd., Accra methyl (97.5%) sedges and broadleaf weeds in paddy rice Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 44 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 10. Bonbuta PCL/16149/00835G Butachlor (50%) II Herbicide for the Bon Agro October 2016 control of annual, Company Ltd., perennial broadleaf Kumasi weeds in rice, groundnut and carrots 11. Bon Nico PCL/16149/00800G Niosulfuron III Herbicide for the Bon Agro October 2016 (40g/l) control of annual, Company Ltd., perennial grasses Kumasi and broadleaf weeds in maize 12. ButaClear 50EC PCL/17184/00886G Butachlor (50%) III Pre-emergence Ganorma February 2017 herbicide for the Agrochemicals, control of annual, Tamale perennial and broadleaf weeds in paddy rice 13. Degan SC PCL/17184/00883G Bispyribac III Herbicide for the Ganorma February 2017 sodium (455g/l) control of annual, Agrochemicals, perennial broadleaf Tamale weeds in paddy rice 14. Diz-Paraquat PCL/1608/00807R Paraquat II Herbicide for the Dizengoff Gh. 20SL August 2016 dichloride control of annual, Ltd., Accra. (200g/l) perennial weeds and grasses in cereals and fruits 15. Flysate PCL/16145/00877G Glyphosate (41%) III Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec December 2016 control of annual, Limited, Kumasi perennial weeds in cereals and vegetables 16. ForceUp PCL/16145/00878G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec Granular December 2016 Mono-ammonium control of annual, Ltd, Accra salt (757g/kg) perennial weeds in citrus 17. Frankoquat PCL/1639/00834R Paraquat II Herbicide for the Frankatson 20SL October 2016 dichloride control of broadleaf Limited, Accra (200g/l) weeds and grasses in cereals and vegetables 18. Ganico 40EC PCL/17184/00887G Nicosulfuron III Herbicide for the Ganorma February 2017 (40g/l) control of annual, Agrochemicals, perennial broadleaf Tamale weeds in arable crops 19. Ganorherb SL PCL/17184/00882G 2, 4-D Amine Salt III Herbicide for the Ganorma February 2017 (720g/l) control of annual, Agrochemicals, perennial weeds in Tamale maize 20. Ganorsate 360 PCL/17184/00884G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Ganorma SL February 2017 (360g/l) control of annual, Agrochemicals, perennial weeds in Tamale arable crops 21. Ganorzine PCL/17184/00885R Atrazine II Herbicide for the Ganorma 80WP February 2017 (800g/kg) control of annual, Agrochemicals, perennial broadleaf Tamale weeds in maize 22. Gramoquick PCL/1698/00907R Paraquat (200g/l) II Contact herbicide J. K. Duku super SL December 2016 for the control of Enterprise, grasses and other Kumasi weeds Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 45 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 23. Gramotouch PCL/16144/00865R Paraquat (200g/l) II Herbicide for the S.O. Ansah Super 20SL October 2016 control of grasses Enterprise, and broadleaf Kumasi weeds in banana, rubber, coconut, oil palm, mango, corn and soybean 24. Halaxy 108EC PCL/1699/00854G Haloxyfop-P- IV Herbicide for the Rainbow October 2016 Methyl (108g/l) control of weeds in AgroSciences Co. cereals, leafy Ltd., Accra vegetables, pineapple, soybean, cowpea and cotton 25. Hero Super PCL/1643/00814G Haloxyfop-R- III Herbicide for the Kumark Co. Ltd., 108EC September 2016 methyl ester control of annual Kumasi (108g/l) grasses in vegetables and pulses 26. King Kong PCL/16149/00806G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Bon Agro August 2016 (480g/l) control of annual, Company Ltd., perennial weeds Kumasi. and grasses in cereals, vegetables and fruit trees 27. Kodwooto 41SL PCL/16129/00788G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Akwees Man August 2016 (410g/l) control of broadleaf Agrochemical weeds and grasses Enterprise, in arable crops Kumasi 28. Impact EC PCL/17173/00893G Haloxyfop III Post-emergent Agromonti Co. February 2017 (108g/l) herbicide for the Ltd., Accra control of annual and perennial grasses in vegetables, groundnuts and soybean 29. Manazone PCL/16129/00789R Paraquat II Herbicide for the Akwees Man Super 20SL August 2016 dichloride control of broadleaf Agrochemical (200g/l) weeds and grasses Enterprise, in arable crops Kumasi 30. Mega Super PCL/1643/00815G Bispyribac III Herbicide for the Kumark Co. Ltd., September 2016 sodium (400g/l) control of annual Kumasi grasses in rice 31. Mofarno 160EC PCL/1608/00830G Quizalofop-p- Herbicide for the Dizengoff Ghana October 2016 methyl (35g/l) control of annual Ltd., Accra broadleaf weeds in soybean 32. Pantera 40EC PCL/1606/00783G Quizalofop-P- III Herbicide for the Calli. Ghana Ltd., August 2016 Tefuryl (40g/l) control of annual, Tema perennial grasses in vegetable crops 33. Paraeforce PCL/17145/00879R Paraquat II Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec 20SL February 2017 dichloride control of grasses Ltd, Accra (200g/l) and broadleaf weeds in rice and vegetables 34. Paraq SL PCL/1726/00889R Paraquat II Herbicide for The Candel February 2017 dichloride (24%) control of broadleaf Company Ltd., weeds and grasses Accra in arable crops Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 46 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 35. Pendimethalin PCL/1643/00816G Pendimethalin III Herbicide for the Kumark Co. Ltd., 400EC September 2016 (40%) control of annual Kumasi grasses and broadleaf weeds in rice, maize, onion and cotton 36. Phyto-General PCL/1726/00890G Glyphosate III Herbicide for The Candel 360SL February 2017 (360g/l) control of annual, Company Ltd., perennial broadleaf Accra weeds and grasses in cereals and vegetables 37. Raze 20SL PCL/16186/00793R Paraquat III Herbicide for the Ivorychem Co. August 2016 dichloride control of annual, Ltd., Kumasi (200g/l) perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses in arable crops 38. Rhemazone PCL/1718/00908R Paraquat II Non-selective broad Rhemaco Super SL January 2017 dichloride spectrum herbicide Enterprise, for the control of Kumasi (200g/l) annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses 39. Ricecare 240SC PCL/1699/00855G Penoxsulam IV Herbicide for the Rainbow October 2016 (240g/l) control of broadleaf Agrosciences Co. weeds and sedges Ltd., Accra in field crops 40. Ridmax 510SL PCL/1699/008851G Glyphosate IPA III Herbicide for the Rainbow October 2016 (300g/l) + 2,4-D control of annual, Agrosciences Co. IPA (210g/l) perennial weeds in Ltd., Accra field crops 41. Riz-Diz PCL/1608/00831G Bispyribac III Herbicide for the Dizengoff Ghana October 2016 sodium (100g/l) control of annual Ltd., Accra broadleaf weeds and grasses in rice 42. Sinopat 41SL PCL/16166/00910G Glyphosate (41%) III Herbicide for the Dasimah December 2016 control of annual Enterprise, and perennial Adum-Kumasi grasses and broadleaf weeds. 43. Sun-Aceto EC PCL/1657/00844G Acetochlor III Herbicide for the Wynca Sunshine October 2016 (900g/l) control of annual Agric Prdt & and perennial Trad. Co. Ltd, weeds in maize, Accra. soybean, cotton and peanut 44. Target 240SL PCL/1699/00852G Imazethapyr III Herbicide for the Rainbow October 2016 (240g/l) control of annual, Agrosciences Co. perennial grasses Ltd., Accra and broadleaf weeds in soybean and cowpea 45. United Force PCL/17145/00896G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec 360 February 2017 (240g/l) + 2,4-D control of annual, Ltd., Kumasi Amine (120g/l) perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses 46. Viking 48SL PCL/16186/00794G Glyphosate III Herbicide for the Ivorychem Co. August 2016 (480g/l) control of annual, Ltd., Kumasi perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses in arable crops Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 47 No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 47. Voila EC PCL/1635/00798G Pretilachlor III Herbicide for the Louis Dreyfus August 2016 (225g/l) + control of annual, Commodities Pyribenzoxim perennial broadleaf Ltd., Tema (15g/l) weeds, sedges and grasses in rice 48. Waano Waano PCL/16190/00870G Glyphosate (41%) III Herbicide for the Matrix Innovation 41SL December 2016 control of broadleaf Ltd., Accra weeds in arable crops 49. Weedcut 20SL PCL/16145/00880R Paraquat II Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec December 2016 dichloride control of grasses Ltd, Accra (200g/l) and broadleaf weeds in rice and vegetables 50. Weedcut 20SL PCL/16145/00880R Paraquat II Herbicide for the Jubaili Agrotec February 2017 dichloride control of grasses Ltd, Accra (200g/l) and broadleaf weeds in rice and vegetables Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 48 (B) PROVISIONALLY CLEARED PESTICIDES (PCL) (B4) Plant Growth Regulator No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 1. Atonik SL PCL/1606/00786G Sodium 0- III Plant Growth Calli Ghana Ltd., August 2016 nitrophenolate Regulator to Tema (2g/l) + Sodium improve crop p-nitrophenolate development in rice (3g/l) + Sodium s- nitroguaiacolate (1g/l) 2. Sun-Mequat PCL/1657/00847G Chlormequat III Growth Regulator Wynca Sunshine SL October 2016 (50%) in anti-lodging of Agric Prdt & cotton Trad. Co. Ltd, Accra. (B5) Nematicide No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 1. Nematox WP PCL/1672/00863G Paecilomyces III Nematicide for the Agropharm West October 2016 lilacinus (1%) control of Africa Ltd., Tema nematodes in rice, maize, pearl millet, citrus, soybean and tomato 2. Vytal 3G PCL/1606/00785G Oxamyl (30g/kg) II Nematicide for the Calli Ghana Ltd., August 2016 control of Tema nematodes and soil insects in tomatoes (B6) (Repellants) No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 1. Bird Away SL PCL/1657/00843G Methyl III Bird repellent for Wynca Sunshine October 2016 anthranilate the control of birds. Agro Products (264g/l) and Trading Company (Gh) Ltd., Accra (B7) (Rodenticide) No. Trade Name Registration No. / Concentration of Hazard Uses Local Date of Issue Active Class Distributor Ingredient 1. Baraki RB PCL/1602/00810R Bromadialone Rodenticide for the Agrimat Limited, August 2016 (0.005%) control of rats and Accra mice 2. Super Guard PCL/1602/00812R Bromadialone Rodenticide for the Agrimat Limited, August 2016 (2.5%) control of rats and Accra mice Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 49 (C) BANNED PESTICIDES No Name of Pesticide 1. 2,4,5-T and its salts and esters 2. Aldrin 3. Binapacryl 4. Captafol 5. Chlordane 6. Chlordimeform 7. Chlorobenzilate 8. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) 9. Dieldrin 10. Dinoseb and its salts and esters 11. Dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC) and its salts (such as ammonium salt, potassium salt and sodium salt) 12. Endrin 13. HCH (mixed isomers) 14. Heptachlor 15. Hexachlorobenzene 16. Parathion 17. Pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters 18. Toxaphene 19. Mirex 20. Methamidophos (Soluble liquid formulations of the substance that exceed 600 g active ingredient/l) 21. Methyl-parathion (emulsifiable concentrates (EC) with at or above 19.5% active ingredient and dusts at or above 1.5% active ingredient) 22. Monocrotophos (Soluble liquid formulations of the substance that exceed 600 g active ingredient/l) 23. Parathion (all formulations - aerosols, dustable powder (DP), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), granules (GR) and wettable powders (WP) - of this substance are included, except capsule suspensions (CS)) 24. Phosphamidon (Soluble liquid formulations of the substance that exceed 1000 g active ingredient/l) 25. Dustable powder formulations containing a combination of Benomyl at or above 7%, Carbofuran at or above 10% and Thiram at or above 15% 26. Methyl Bromide 27. Chlordecone 28. Alpha hexachlorocyclohexane 29. Beta hexachlorocyclohexane 30. Lindane 31. Pentachlorobenzene 32. Technical Endosulfan and its related isomers Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 50 Summary of Register of Pesticides as at February 2017 Category FRE PCL Banned Total Insecticides 153 51 32 236 Fungicides 59 15 0 74 Herbicides 173 50 0 223 Plant Growth Regulators 8 2 0 10 Molluscicide 1 0 0 1 Rodenticides 0 2 0 2 Nematicides 4 2 0 6 Adjuvants 5 0 0 5 Biocides 11 0 0 11 Repellents 0 1 0 1 Total 414 123 32 569 Legend to Register of Pesticide FRE - Full The Agency may approve and register a pesticide subject to such other conditions as it may determine and Registration may only register a pesticide if it is satisfied that the pesticide is safe and effective for the use for which it is intended and that the pesticide has been tested for efficacy and safety under local conditions (Section 31, (valid for 3 years) Part II of Act 490) PCL - Provisional Where in respect of an application for registration of a pesticide, the Agency is satisfied that most Clearance Permit information required for its registration has been provided to the Agency, and the pesticide does not (Valid for a present a toxicological risk to people, animals, crops or the environment, it may clear the pesticide for use maximum of 1 without the registration, and this clearance shall be known as provisional clearance and shall be temporary year) pending the registration by the Agency of the pesticide (Section 32, Part II of Act 490) Experimental The Agency may authorize the importation of unregistered pesticide if the pesticide is imported for permit experimental or research purposes and not for distribution Section 28, (2), (a), (i). General use Pesticides when applied for the use for which it is registered will not have unreasonable adverse effects on pesticides (G) people, animals, crops or on the environment (Section 30 (1), (a) of Part II of Act 490) Restricted use Pesticide when used in accordance with widespread commonly recognized practice in the absence of pesticides (R) additional regulatory restrictions may cause unreasonable adverse effect on people, animals, crops or on the environment (section 30 (1), (b) of Part II of Act 490). Such pesticides are restricted for use on only selected crops by competent pesticide applicators and should be sold by dealers licensed to handle restricted pesticides Suspended or Pesticide when used in accordance with widespread commonly recognized practice even in the presence of Banned Pesticides additional regulatory restrictions will cause unreasonable adverse effect on people, animals, crops or on the environment. Such pesticides are prohibited for use in the country (Section 30, (1), (c). Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 51 Environmental Protection Agency/CCMC-RevisedRegisterOfPesticidesFebruary2017 52 GCAP /MoFA Annex 9 WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard Classes – Class 1a, Class 1b and Class II. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 265 May 2019 Table 1. Extremely hazardous (Class Ia) technical grade active ingredients in pesticides Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Aldicarb [ISO] 116-06-3 2757 C S I-S 1 0.93 DS 53; EHC 121; HSG 64; IARC 53; ICSC 94; JMPR 1993, 1996a Brodifacoum [ISO] 56073-10-0 3027 CO S R 1 0.3 DS 57; EHC 175; HSG 93 Bromadiolone [ISO] 28772-56-7 3027 CO S R 1 1.12 DS 88; EHC 175; HSG 94 Bromethalin [ISO] 63333-35-7 2588 S R 1 2 Calcium cyanide [C] 592-01-8 1575 S FM 2 39 Adjusted classification; see note 1; ICSC 407 Captafol [ISO] 2425-06-1 S F 5 5000 Adjusted classification; see note 2; HSG 49; IARC 53; ICSC 119; JMPR 1978, 1986a; see note 3 Chlorethoxyfos [ISO] 54593-83-8 3018 OP L I 1 1.8 Extremely hazardous by skin contact (LD50 = 12.5 mg/kg); ICSC 1681 Chlormephos [ISO] 24934-91-6 3018 OP L I 2 7 ICSC 1682 Chlorophacinone [ISO] 3691-35-8 2588 S R 1 3.1 DS 62; EHC 175 19 Difenacoum [ISO] 56073-07-5 3027 CO S R 1 1.8 EHC 175; HSG 95 Difethialone [ISO] 104653-34-1 2588 S R 1 0.56 EHC 175 Diphacinone [ISO] 82-66-6 2588 S R 1 2.3 EHC 175 Disulfoton [ISO] 298-04-4 3018 OP L I 1 2.6 DS 68; JMPR 1992, 1997a; ICSC 1408 EPN 2104-64-5 2783 OP S I 2 14 See note 4; ICSC 753 Ethoprophos [ISO] 13194-48-4 3018 OP L I-S 2 D26 DS 70; JMPR 2000; ICSC 1660; [Oral LD50 = 33 mg/kg] Flocoumafen 90035-08-8 3027 S R 1 0.25 EHC 175; ICSC 1267 Hexachlorobenzene [ISO] 118-74-1 2729 OC S FST 5 D10000 Adjusted classification (notes 3 and 5); IARC 79; ICSC 895; EHC 195 Mercuric chloride [ISO] 7487-94-7 1624 HG S F-S 1 1 See note 3; ICSC 979 Mevinphos [ISO] 26718-65-0 3018 OP L I 1 D4 DS 14; ICSC 924; JMPR 1998b; [Oral LD50 = 3.7 mg/kg] Parathion [ISO] 56-38-2 3018 OP L I 2 13 See note 3; DS 6; HSG 74; IARC 30, Suppl. 7; ICSC 6; JMPR 1996b Parathion-methyl [ISO] 298-00-0 3018 OP L I 2 14 See note 3; DS 7; EHC 145; HSG 75; ICSC 626; JMPR 1985c, 1996b Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Phenylmercury acetate [ISO] 62-38-4 1674 HG S FST 2 24 Adjusted classification; see notes 3 and 6; ICSC 540 Phorate [ISO] 298-02-2 3018 OP L I 1 2 DS 75; JMPR 1997b, 2005; ICSC 1060 Phosphamidon 13171-21-6 3018 OP L I 2 7 See note 3; DS 74; ICSC 189; JMPR 1987b CAS Nos for E and Z isomers 297-99-4 and 23783-98-4 Sodium fluoroacetate [C] 62-74-8 2629 S R 1 0.2 DS 16; ICSC 484 Sulfotep [ISO] 3689-24-5 1704 OP L I 1 5 ICSC 985 Tebupirimfos [ISO*] 96182-53-5 3018 OP L I 1 1.3 Extremely hazardous by skin contact (LD50 9.4 mg/kg in rats) Terbufos [ISO] 13071-79-9 3018 OP L I-S 1 c2 JMPR 1991, 2004 EHC = Environmental Health Criteria Monograph; DS = Pesticide Data Sheet; HSG = Health and Safety Guide; IARC = IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; ICSC = International Chemical Safety Card; JMPR = Evaluation by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues. Notes to Class Ia 20 1. Calcium cyanide is in Class Ia as it reacts with moisture to produce hydrogen cyanide gas. The gas is not classified under the WHO system (see Table 8). 2. Captafol is carcinogenic in both rats and mice. 3. The international trade of captafol, hexachlorobenzene, mercury compounds, parathion, parathion-methyl, and phosphamidon is regulated by the Rotterdam convention on Prior Informed Consent (see http://www.pic.int/), which entered into force on 24 February 2004. See Table 7, p. 51 4. EPN has been reported as causing delayed neurotoxicity in hens. 5. Hexachlorobenzene has caused a serious outbreak of porphyria in humans. The use and production of hexachlorobenzene is severely restricted by the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants, which entered into force on 17 May, 2004. See http://www.pops.int/ 6. Phenylmercury acetate is highly toxic to mammals and very small doses have produced renal lesions: teratogenic in the rat. THE FINAL CLASSIFICATION OF ANY PRODUCT DEPENDS ON ITS FORMULATION See Pages 7 & 8, and the Annex Table 2. Highly hazardous (Class Ib) technical grade active ingredients in pesticides Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Acrolein [C] 107-02-8 1092 L H 2 29 EHC 127; HSG 67; IARC 63; ICSC 90 Allyl alcohol [C] 107-18-6 1098 L H 3 64 Highly irritant to skin and eyes; ICSC 95; Adjusted classification (see note 3) Azinphos-ethyl [ISO] 2642-71-9 2783 OP S I 2 12 DS 72; JMPR 1974 Azinphos-methyl [ISO] 86-50-0 2783 OP S I 2 16 DS 59; ICSC 826; JMPR 1992, 2009b Blasticidin-S 2079-00-7 2588 S F 2 16 Butocarboxim [ISO] 34681-10-2 2992 C L I 3 158 JMPR 1986a; Adjusted classification (see note 3) Butoxycarboxim [ISO] 34681-23-7 2992 C L I 3 D288 Adjusted classification (see note 3) Cadusafos [ISO] 95465-99-9 3018 OP L N,I 2 37 JMPR 1992 Calcium arsenate [C] 7778-44-1 1573 AS S I 2 20 EHC 18, 224; IARC 84; ICSC 765; JMPR 1969 21 Carbofuran [ISO] 1563-66-2 2757 C S I 2 8 DS 56; ICSC 122; JMPR 1997b, 2003b, 2009a; See note 2. Chlorfenvinphos [ISO] 470-90-6 3018 OP L I 2 31 ICSC 1305; JMPR 1995b 3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol 96-24-2 2689 L R 3 112 Adjusted classification (see notes 1 and 3) [C] Coumaphos [ISO] 56-72-4 2783 OP S AC,MT 2 7.1 ICSC 422; JMPR 1991 Coumatetralyl [ISO] 5836-29-3 3027 CO S R 2 16 Cyfluthrin [ISO] 68359-37-5 PY S I 2 c15 JMPR 2008; See note 9, p. 8 Beta-cyfluthrin [ISO] 68359-37-5 PY S I 2 c11 JMPR 2008; See note 9, p. 8 Zeta-cypermethrin [ISO] 52315-07-8 3352 PY L I 3 c86 See note 9, p. 8; HSG 22; ICSC 246; JMPR 2008; Adjusted classification (see note 3) Demeton-S-methyl [ISO] 919-86-8 3018 OP L I 2 40 DS 61, EHC 197; ICSC 705; JMPR 1990 Dichlorvos [ISO] 62-73-7 3018 OP L I 3 56 Volatile, DS 2; EHC 79; HSG 18; IARC 20, 53; ICSC 690; JMPR 1994; Adjusted classification (see note 3) Dicrotophos [ISO] 141-66-2 3018 OP L I 2 22 ICSC 872 Dinoterb [ISO] 1420-07-1 2779 NP S H 2 25 Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg DNOC [ISO] 534-52-1 2779 NP S I-S,H 2 25 JMPR 1965a; EHC 220; ICSC 462. See note 2. Edifenphos [ISO] 17109-49-8 3018 OP L F 3 150 JMPR 1982. Adjusted classification (see note 3) Ethiofencarb [ISO] 29973-13-5 2992 C L I 3 200 JMPR 1983. Adjusted classification (see note 3) Famphur 52-85-7 2783 OP S I 2 48 Fenamiphos [ISO] 22224-92-6 2783 OP S N 2 15 DS 92; ICSC 483; JMPR 1998b, 2003b Flucythrinate [ISO] 70124-77-5 3352 PY L I 3 c67 JMPR 1986b; see note 9, p.8; Adjusted classification (see note 3) Fluoroacetamide [C] 640-19-7 2588 S R 2 13 ICSC 1434. See note 2 Formetanate [ISO] 22259-30-9 2757 C S AC 2 21 Furathiocarb 65907-30-4 2992 C L I-S 2 42 Heptenophos [ISO] 23560-59-0 3018 OP L I 3 96 Adjusted classification (see note 3) Isoxathion [ISO] 18854-04-8 3018 OP L I 3 112 Adjusted classification (see note 3) 22 Lead arsenate [C] 7784-40-9 1617 AS S L 2 c10 EHC 18, 224; IARC 84; ICSC 911; JMPR 1969 Mecarbam [ISO] 2595-54-2 3018 OP Oil I 2 36 JMPR 1987a Mercuric oxide [ISO] 21908-53-2 1641 HG S O 2 18 ICSC 981; CICAD 50. See note 2 Methamidophos [ISO] 10265-92-6 2783 OP S I 2 30 HSG 79; ICSC 176; JMPR 1991, 2003b; See note 2 Methidathion [ISO] 950-37-8 3018 OP L I 2 25 JMPR 1998b; ICSC 1659 Methiocarb [ISO] 2032-65-7 2757 C S I 2 20 JMPR 1999 Methomyl [ISO] 16752-77-5 2757 C S I 2 17 DS 55, EHC 178; HSG 97; ICSC 177, JMPR 1989, 2002 Monocrotophos [ISO] 6923-22-4 2783 OP S I 2 14 See note 2; HSG 80; ICSC 181; JMPR 1996b Nicotine [ISO] 54-11-5 1654 L 1 D50 ICSC 519 Omethoate [ISO] 1113-02-6 3018 OP L I 2 50 JMPR 1997a Oxamyl [ISO] 23135-22-0 2757 C S I 2 6 DS 54; JMPR 1986b, 2003b Oxydemeton-methyl [ISO] 301-12-2 3018 OP L I 3 65 JMPR 1990, 2003b; Adjusted classification (see note 3) Paris green [C] 12002-03-8 1585 AS S L 2 22 Copper-arsenic complex Pentachlorophenol [ISO] 87-86-5 3155 S I,F,H 2 D80 See note 2; Irritant to skin; EHC 71; HSG 19; IARC 20, 53; ICSC 69 Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Propetamphos [ISO] 31218-83-4 3018 OP L I 3 106 Adjusted classification (see note 3) Sodium arsenite [C] 7784-46-5 1557 AS S R 2 10 EHC 224; IARC 84; ICSC 1603 Sodium cyanide [C] 143-33-9 1689 S R 2 6 ICSC 1118; CICAD 61 Strychnine [C] 57-24-9 1692 S R 2 16 ICSC 197 Tefluthrin 79538-32-2 3349 PY S I-S 2 c22 See note 9, p. 8 Thallium sulfate [C] 7446-18-6 1707 S R 2 11 DS 10, EHC 182; ICSC 336 Thiofanox [ISO] 39196-18-4 2757 C S I-S 2 8 Thiometon [ISO] 640-15-3 3018 OP Oil I 3 120 DS 67; ICSC 580; JMPR 1980; Adjusted classification (see note 3) Triazophos [ISO] 24017-47-8 3018 OP L I 3 82 JMPR 1994, 2003b; Adjusted classification (see note 3) Vamidothion [ISO] 2275-23-2 3018 OP L I 3 103 JMPR 1989; ICSC 758; Adjusted classification (see note 3) Warfarin [ISO] 81-81-2 3027 CO S R 2 10 DS 35, EHC 175; HSG 96; ICSC 821 23 Zinc phosphide [C] 1314-84-7 1714 S R 2 45 DS 24, EHC 73; ICSC 602 EHC = Environmental Health Criteria Monograph; DS= Pesticide Data Sheet; HSG = Health and Safety Guide; IARC = IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; ICSC = International Chemical Safety Card; JMPR = Evaluation by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues. Notes to Class Ib 1. 3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol in nonlethal dosage is a sterilant for male rats. This compound is also known as alpha chlorhydrin. 2. The international trade of carbofuran, DNOC, fluoroacetamide, mercury compounds, methamidophos, monocrotophos and pentachlorophenol is regulated by the Rotterdam convention on Prior Informed Consent (see http://www.pic.int/), which entered into force on 24 February 2004. See Table 7, p. 51. 3. As a precautionary measure, the classification of certain liquid pesticides has been adjusted to avoid those pesticides being assigned to a less hazardous Class in the process of aligning the WHO Classification with the GHS. Details of how the WHO Classification has been aligned with the GHS Acute Toxicity Hazard Categories are described in the introductory notes for Part II. THE FINAL CLASSIFICATION OF ANY PRODUCT DEPENDS ON ITS FORMULATION See Pages 7 & 8, and the Annex  oderately hazardous (Class II) technical grade active ingredients in pesticides Table 3. M Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Acephate [ISO] 30560-19-1 OP S I 4 945 JMPR 1991, 2003b, 2006b; ICSC 748 Acifluorfen [ISO] 50594-66-6 S H 4 1370 Strong irritant to eyes Alachlor [ISO] 15972-60-8 2588 S H 4 930 See note 1; DS 86; IARC 19, 36, 63; ICSC 371 Alanycarb [ISO] 83130-01-2 C S I 4 330 Allethrin [ISO] 584-79-2 PY Oil I 4 c685 See note 9, page 8; EHC 87; HSG 24; ICSC 212; JMPR 1965a Ametryn [ISO] 834-12-8 T S H 4 110 Amitraz [ISO] 33089-61-1 S AC 4 800 ICSC 98; JMPR 1999 Anilofos [ISO] 64249-01-0 OP S H 4 472 Azaconazole 60207-31-0 S F 4 308 Azamethiphos [ISO] 35575-96-3 OP S I 4 1010 24 Azocyclotin [ISO] 41083-11-8 2786 OT S AC 3 80 JMPR 1990, 1995b, 2006b Bendiocarb [ISO] 22781-23-3 2757 C S I 3 55 DS 52 Benfuracarb [ISO] 82560-54-1 2992 C L I 3 205 Bensulide [ISO] 741-58-2 2902 L H 3 270 ICSC 383 Bensultap [ISO] 17606-31-4 S I 4 1100 Bentazone [ISO] 25057-89-0 S H 4 1100 HSG 48; ICSC 828; JMPR 1999, 2005 Bifenthrin 82657-04-3 3349 PY S I 3 c55 JMPR 1993 Bilanafos [ISO] 71048-99-2 S H 3 268 Bioallethrin [C] 584-79-2 PY L I 4 c700 See note 2; note 9, p. 8; ICSC 227 Bromoxynil [ISO] 1689-84-5 2588 S H 3 190 Bromuconazole 116255-48-2 S F 4 365 ICSC 1264 Bronopol 52-51-7 S B 3 254 ICSC 415 Butamifos [ISO] 36335-67-8 OP L H 4 630 Butralin [ISO] 33629-47-9 S H 4 1049 Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Butroxydim [ISO] 138164-12-2 S H 4 1635 Butylamine [ISO] 13952-84-6 1992 L F 4 380 Irritant to skin; ICSC 401; JMPR 1982, 1985b Carbaryl [ISO] 63-25-2 2757 C S I 3 c300 DS 3; EHC 153; HSG 78; IARC 12, Suppl.7; ICSC 121; JMPR 1997b, 2002 Carbosulfan [ISO] 55285-14-8 2992 C L I 3 250 JMPR 1987a, 2004 Cartap [ISO] 15263-53-3 S I 4 325 EHC 76; JMPR 1996a Chloralose [C] 15879-93-3 S R 4 400 Chlordane [ISO] 57-74-9 2996 OC L I 4 460 See notes 3 and 4; DS 36; EHC 34; HSG 13; IARC 79; ICSC 740; JMPR 1995a Chlorfenapyr [ISO] 122453-73-0 S I,MT 4 441 Chlormequat (chloride) [ISO] 999-81-5 S PGR 4 670 ICSC 781; JMPR 2000 Chloroacetic acid [C] 79-11-8 1751 S H 4 650 Irritant to skin and eyes; data refer to sodium salt; ICSC 235 25 Chlorphonium chloride [ISO] 115-78-6 2588 S PGR 3 178 Irritant to skin and eyes Chlorpyrifos [ISO] 2921-88-2 2783 OP S I 3 135 DS 18; ICSC 851; JMPR 2000 Clomazone [ISO] 81777-89-1 L H 4 1369 Copper hydroxide [C] 20427-59-2 CU S F 4 1000 Copper oxychloride [C] 1332-40-7 CU S F 4 1440 Copper sulfate [C] 7758-98-7 CU S F 3 300 ICSC 751 4-CPA [ISO] 122-88-3 PAA S PGR 4 850 Cuprous oxide [C] 1317-39-1 CU S F 4 470 ICSC 421, EHC 200 Cyanazine [ISO] 21725-46-2 T S H 3 288 ICSC 391 Cyanophos [ISO] 2636-26-2 OP L I 4 610 Cyhalothrin [ISO] 68085-85-8 3352 PY Oil Ix 3 c144 See note 9, p. 8; EHC 99; HSG 38; ICSC 858; JMPR 1985c; JECFA 2000b Cyhexatin [ISO] 13121-70-5 OT S AC 3 265 EHC 15; JMPR 1995b, 2006b Cymoxanil [ISO] 57966-95-7 S F 4 1196 Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Cypermethrin [ISO] 52315-07-8 3352 PY L I 3 c250 See note 9, p. 8; DS 58; EHC 82; HSG 22; ICSC 246; JECFA 1996 Alpha-cypermethrin [ISO] 67375-30-8 3349 PY S I 3 c79 See note 9, p 8; EHC 142; JECFA 1996; JMPR 2008 Cyphenothrin [(1R)-isomers] 39515-40-7 3352 PY L I 4 318 [ISO] Cyproconazole 94361-06-5 S F 4 1020 2,4-D [ISO] 94-75-7 3345 PAA S H 4 375 DS 37; EHC 29, 84; HSG 5; IARC 41, Suppl. 7; ICSC 33; JMPR 1998b Dazomet [ISO] 533-74-4 S F-S 4 640 Irritant to skin and eyes; ICSC 786 2,4-DB 94-82-6 S H 4 700 DDT [ISO] 50-29-3 2761 OC S I 3 113 See notes 3 and 4; DS 21; EHC 9, 83; IARC 53; ICSC 34; JMPR 1985c, 2001 Deltamethrin [ISO] 52918-63-5 3349 PY S I 3 c135 See note 9, p. 8; DS 50; EHC 97; HSG 30; IARC 53; ICSC 247; 26 JMPR 2001 Diazinon [ISO] 333-41-5 3018 OP L I 4 300 DS 45, EHC 198; ICSC 137; JMPR 1994, 2002, 2008 Dicamba [ISO] 1918-00-9 S H 4 1707 ICSC 139 Dichlorobenzene [C] 106-46-7 S FM 4 500-5000 Mixture of isomers: ortho (3) 95-50-1, meta (3) 541-73-1, para (2B) 106-46-7; ICSC 37 Dichlorophen [ISO] 97-23-4 OC S F 4 1250 Dichlorprop [ISO] 7547-66-2 S H 4 800 ICSC 38 Diclofop [ISO] 40483-25-2 S H 4 565 Dicofol [ISO] 115-32-2 OC S AC 4 c690 DS 81; IARC 30; ICSC 752; JMPR 1993 Difenoconazole [ISO] 119446-68-3 S F 4 1453 JMPR 2009b Difenzoquat [ISO] 43222-48-6 2588 S H 4 470 Dimepiperate [ISO] 61432-55-1 TC S H 4 946 Dimethachlor [ISO] 50563-36-5 S H 4 1600 Dimethipin [ISO] 55290-64-7 S H 4 1180 JMPR 2000, 2005 Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Dimethenamid [ISO] 87674-68-8 L H 4 371 LD50 of P isomer is 429 mg/kg bw; JMPR 2006b Dimethylarsinic acid [C] 75-60-5 1572 AS S H 4 1350 Dimethoate [ISO] 60-51-5 2783 OP S I 3 c150 DS 42; EHC 90; HSG 20; ICSC 741; JMPR 1997b, 2004 Diniconazole [ISO] 83657-24-3 S F 4 639 Dinobuton [ISO] 973-21-7 2779 NP S AC,F 3 140 Dinocap [ISO] 39300-45-3 NP S AC,F 4 980 ICSC 881; JMPR 1999 Diphenamid [ISO] 957-51-7 S H 4 970 ICSC 763 Diquat [ISO] 2764-72-9 2781 BP S H 3 231 Irritant to skin and eyes and damages nails; DS 40; EHC 39; HSG 52; JMPR 1994; ICSC 1363 Dithianon [ISO] 3347-22-6 S F 4 640 JMPR 1993 Dodine [ISO] 2439-10-3 S F 4 1000 JMPR 2001 Endosulfan [ISO] 115-29-7 2761 OC S I 3 80 DS 15; EHC 40; HSG 17; ICSC 742; JMPR 1999 27 Endothal-sodium [(ISO)] 125-67-9 2588 S H 3 51 EPTC [ISO] 759-94-4 TC L H 4 1652 ICSC 469 Esfenvalerate [ISO] 66230-04-4 3349 PY S I 3 87 JMPR 2003b; ICSC 1516 Ethion [ISO] 563-12-2 3018 OP L I 3 208 ICSC 888; JMPR 1991 Fenazaquin [ISO] 120928-09-8 2588 S AC 3 134 Fenitrothion [ISO] 122-14-5 OP L I 4 503 DS 30; EHC 133; HSG 65; ICSC 622; JMPR 2001 Fenobucarb 3766-81-2 C S I 4 620 Fenothiocarb [ISO] 62850-32-2 C S L 4 1150 Fenpropidin [ISO] 67306-00-7 L F 4 1440 Fenpropathrin [ISO] 64257-84-7 3349 PY S I 3 c66 See note 9, p. 8; JMPR 1994 Fenpyroximate [ISO] 134098-61-6 S AC 3 245 Highly toxic by inhalation (LC50 = 0.21-0.36 mg/l); JMPR 2007 Fenthion [ISO] 55-38-9 3018 OP L I,L 3 D586 DS 23; ICSC 655; JMPR 1998b Fentin acetate[(ISO)] 900-95-8 2786 OT S F 3 125 DS 22; EHC 15; JMPR 1992; CICAD 13 Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Fentin hydroxide[(ISO)] 76-87-9 2786 OT S F 3 108 DS 22; EHC 15; ICSC 1283; JMPR 1992; CICAD 13 Fenvalerate [ISO] 51630-58-1 3352 PY L I 4 c450 See note 9, p. 8; DS 90; EHC 95, HSG 34; IARC 53; ICSC 273; JMPR 1986c Ferimzone [ISO] 89269-64-7 S F 4 725 Fipronil 120068-37-3 2588 S I 3 92 JMPR 1998b, 2001; ICSC 1503 Fluchloralin [ISO] 33245-39-5 S H 4 1550 Flufenacet [ISO] 142459-58-3 S H 4 600 May cause skin sensitization Fluoroglycofen 77501-60-1 S H 4 1550 Flurprimidol [ISO] 56425-91-3 S PGR 4 709 Flusilazole 85509-19-9 S F 4 672 JMPR 1996b, 2009b Flutriafol [ISO] 76674-21-0 S F,FST 4 1140 Fluxofenim [ISO] 88485-37-4 oil H 4 670 28 Fomesafen [ISO] 72178-02-0 OC S H 4 1250 Fuberidazole [ISO] 3878-19-1 S F 4 336 Furalaxyl [ISO] 57646-30-7 S F 4 940 Gamma-HCH [ISO], Lindane 58-89-9 2761 OC S I 3 88 ICSC 53; JMPR 2003b; See note 3 Glufosinate [ISO] 53369-07-6 S H 4 1625 JMPR 2000 Guazatine 108173-90-6 S FST 3 230 LD50 value refers to triacetate; JMPR 1998b Haloxyfop 69806-34-4 S H 4 300 JMPR 1996b, 2008 (includes Haloxyfop-R and esters) HCH [ISO] 608-73-1 2761 OC S I 3 100 See notes 3, 4 and 5; EHC 123; IARC 5, 20, 42; ICSC 487; JMPR 1974 Hexazinone [ISO] 51235-04-2 S H 4 1690 Hydramethylnon 67485-29-4 S I 4 1200 Imazalil [ISO] 35554-44-0 2588 S F 3 227 ICSC 1303; JMPR 2001, 2002, 2006b Imidacloprid [ISO] 138261-41-3 S I 4 450 JMPR 2002; ICSC 1501 Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Iminoctadine [ISO] 13516-27-3 S F 3 300 Eye irritant Indoxacarb [ISO] 173584-44-6 S I 3 268 JMPR 2006b; LD50 applies to 3:1 mixture of isomers in commercial use Ioxynil [ISO] 1689-83-4 2588 S H 3 110 ICSC 900 Ioxynil octanoate [(ISO)] 3861-47-0 S H 4 390 Iprobenfos 26087-47-8 S F 4 600 Isoprocarb [ISO] 2631-40-5 2757 C S I 4 403 Isoprothiolane [ISO] 50512-35-1 S F 4 1190 Isoproturon [ISO] 34123-59-6 S H 4 1800 Isouron [ISO] 55861-78-4 S H 4 630 Lambda-cyhalothrin 2164-08-1 3349 PY S I 3 c56 See note 9, p. 8; EHC 142; HSG 38; JMPR 2009b; ICSC 859 MCPA [ISO] 94-74-6 PAA S H 4 700 IARC 30, 41; ICSC 54 29 MCPA-thioethyl [ISO] 25319-90-8 PAA S H 4 790 MCPB [ISO] 94-81-5 S H 4 680 Mecoprop [ISO] 7085-19-0 S H 4 930 ICSC 55 Mecoprop-P [ISO] 16484-77-8 S H 4 1050 Mefluidide [ISO] 53780-34-0 S H 4 1920 Mepiquat [ISO] 15302-91-7 S PGR 4 1490 Mercurous chloride [C] 10112-91-1 2025 HG S F 3 210 See note 3; ICSC 984; CICAD 50 Metalaxyl [ISO] 57837-19-1 S F 4 670 JMPR 1983, 2003b Metaldehyde [ISO] 108-62-3 S M 3 227 DS 93 Metamitron [ISO] 41394-05-2 S H 4 1183 ICSC 1361 Metam-sodium [(ISO)] 137-42-8 2771 S F-S 3 285 Metconazole [ISO] 125116-23-6 S F 4 660 Methacrifos [ISO] 62610-77-9 OP L I 4 678 JMPR 1991 Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Methasulfocarb [ISO] 66952-49-6 2757 S F 3 112 Methylarsonic acid [ISO] 124-58-3 AS S H 4 1800 ICSC 755; EHC 224 Methyl isothiocyanate [ISO] 556-61-6 2588 S F-S 3 72 Skin and eye irritant; see note 6 Metolcarb [ISO] 1129-41-5 C S I 3 268 Metribuzin [ISO] 21087-64-9 S H 4 322 ICSC 516 Molinate [ISO] 2212-67-1 TC L H 4 720 Myclobutanil 88671-89-0 S F 4 1600 JMPR 1993 Nabam [ISO] 142-59-6 2771 S F 4 395 Goitrogenic in rats Naled [ISO] 300-76-5 3018 OP L I 4 430 DS 39; ICSC 925 2-Napthyloxyacetic acid [ISO] 120-23-0 S PGR 4 600 Nitrapyrin [ISO] 1929-82-4 S B-S 4 1072 ICSC 1658 30 Nuarimol [ISO] 63284-71-9 S F 4 1250 Octhilinone [ISO] 26530-20-1 S F 4 1470 Oxadixyl 77732-09-3 S F 4 1860 Paclobutrazol [ISO] 76738-62-0 S PGR 4 1300 JMPR 1989 Paraquat [ISO] 1910-42-5 2781 BP S H 3 150 See note 7; DS 4; EHC 39; HSG 51; ICSC 5; JMPR 1987a, 2004 Pebulate [ISO] 1114-71-2 TC L H 4 1120 Pendimethalin [ISO] 40487-42-1 S H 4 1050 Permethrin [ISO] 52645-53-1 3352 PY L I 4 c500 See note 9, p. 8; DS 51; EHC 94; HSG 33; IARC 53; ICSC 312; JMPR 2000 Phenthoate [ISO] 2597-03-7 3018 OP L I 4 c400 DS 48; JMPR 1985c Phosalone [ISO] 2310-17-0 2783 OP S I 3 120 ICSC 797; JMPR 1998b, 2002 Phosmet [ISO] 732-11-6 2783 OP S I,AC 3 113 ICSC 543; JMPR 1999, 2004 Phoxim [ISO] 14816-18-3 OP L I 4 D1975 DS 31; JECFA 2000a Piperophos [ISO] 24151-93-7 3018 OP oil H 4 324 Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Pirimicarb [ISO] 23103-98-2 2757 C S AP 3 147 JMPR 1983, 2005 Pirimiphos-methyl [ISO] 29232-93-7 OP L I 4 1667 DS 49; JMPR 1993, 2008 Prallethrin [ISO] 23031-36-9 3352 PY oil I 4 460 Prochloraz [ISO] 67747-09-5 S F 4 1600 JMPR 1985a Profenofos [ISO] 41198-08-7 3018 OP L I 4 358 JMPR 1991, 2008 Propachlor [ISO] 1918-16-7 S H 4 1500 DS 78; EHC 147; HSG 77; JMPR 2002 Propanil [ISO] 709-98-8 S H 4 c1400 ICSC 552 Propiconazole [ISO] 60207-90-1 L F 4 1520 JMPR 1988, 2005 Propoxur [ISO] 114-26-1 2757 C S I 3 95 DS 25; ICSC 191; JMPR 1990 Prosulfocarb [ISO] 52888-80-9 TC L H 4 1820 Prothiofos [ISO] 34643-46-4 OP L I 4 925 31 Pyraclofos [ISO] 77458-01-6 3018 OP L I 3 237 Pyrazophos [ISO] 13457-18-6 2784 S F 4 435 JMPR 1993 Pyrazoxyfen [ISO] 71561-11-0 S H 4 1644 Pyrethrins [C] 8003-34-7 L I 4 500-1000 See note 8; DS 11; JMPR 2000, 2004; ICSC 1475 Pyridaben [ISO] 96489-71-3 S AC 4 820 Pyridaphenthion 119-12-0 OP S I 4 769 Pyroquilon [ISO] 57369-32-1 S F 4 320 Quinalphos [ISO] 13593-03-8 2783 OP S I 3 62 Quinoclamine [ISO] 2797-51-5 S H 4 1360 Quizalofop 76578-12-6 S H 4 1670 Quizalofop-p-tefuryl [ISO] 119738-06-6 L H 4 1012 Rotenone [C] 83-79-4 2588 S I 3 132-1500 See note 9; HSG 73; ICSC 944 Simetryn [ISO] 1014-70-6 T S H 4 1830 Sodium chlorate [ISO] 7775-09-9 1495 S H 4 1200 ICSC 1117 Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Spiroxamine [ISO] 118134-30-8 L F 4 500 Dermal LD50 1068 mg/kg; may cause skin sensitisation Sulfluramid [ISO] 4151-50-2 S I 4 543 2,3,6-TBA [ISO] 50-31-7 S H 4 1500 TCA [ISO] (acid) 76-03-9 1839 S 4 400 See note 5 to Table 4, p. 38; ICSC 586 Tebuconazole [ISO] 107534-96-3 S F 4 1700 JMPR 1995b Tebufenpyrad [ISO] 119168-77-3 S MT 4 595 Tebuthiuron [ISO] 34014-18-1 S H 4 644 Terbumeton [ISO] 33693-04-8 T S H 4 483 Tetraconazole [ISO] 112281-77-3 Oil F 4 1031 Thiacloprid 111988-49-9 S I 4 396 JMPR 2008 Thiobencarb [ISO] 28249-77-6 TC L H 4 1300 32 Thiocyclam [ISO] 31895-22-4 S I 4 310 Thiodicarb [ISO] 59669-26-0 2757 C S I 3 66 JMPR 2001 Thiram [ISO] 137-26-8 S F 4 560 DS 71; EHC 78; IARC 12, 53; ICSC 757; JMPR 1993; See note 3 Tralkoxydim [ISO] 87820-88-0 S H 4 934 Tralomethrin 66841-25-6 3349 PY S I 3 c85 Triadimefon [ISO] 43121-43-3 S F 4 602 JMPR 1986b, 2005 Triadimenol [ISO] 55219-65-3 S FST 4 900 JMPR 1990, 2005 Triazamate [ISO] 112143-82-5 2588 S AP 3 50-100 Trichlorfon [ISO] 52-68-6 OP S I 3 250 DS 27; EHC 132; HSG 66; IARC 30, Suppl 7; ICSC 585; JMPR 1979; JECFA 2000b, 2003 Triclopyr [ISO] 55335-06-3 S H 4 710 Tricyclazole [ISO] 41814-78-2 S F 4 305 Tridemorph [ISO] 81412-43-3 Oil F 4 650 Triflumizole 99387-89-0 S F 4 695 ICSC 1252 Common name CAS no UN Chem Phys Main GHS LD50 Remarks no type state use mg/kg Uniconazole [ISO] 83657-22-1 S PGR 4 1790 XMC 2655-14-3 C S I 4 542 Xylylcarb 2425-10-7 C S I 4 380 Ziram [ISO] 137-30-4 S F 4 1400 Irritant to skin; DS 73; EHC 78; IARC 12, 53; ICSC 348; JMPR 1997b EHC = Environmental Health Criteria Monograph; DS= Pesticide Data Sheet; HSG = Health and Safety Guide; IARC = IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; ICSC = International Chemical Safety Card; JECFA = Evaluation by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives; JMPR = Evaluation by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues. Notes to Class II 1. Alachlor was previously classified as a Class Ia pesticide due to its carcinogenicity in rats. However mechanistic studies have indicated that tumors are induced by a mechanism not relevant to humans. 2. Bioallethrin, esbiothrin, esbiol, and esdepalléthrine are members of a series; their toxicity varies considerably within this series, according to concentrations of 33 isomers. 3. The international trade of chlordane, DDT, Gamma-HCH (lindane), HCH, mercury compounds and thiram is regulated by the Rotterdam convention on Prior Informed Consent (see http://www.pic.int/), which entered into force on 24 February 2004. See Table 7, p. 51. 4. The production and use of chlordane, DDT, Gamma-HCH (lindane) and HCH (specifically alpha-HCH and beta-HCH) are strictly limited by the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants, which entered into force on 17 May, 2004 and has subsequently been amended. See http://www.pops.int/. 5. HCH: The LD50 varies according to the mixture of isomers. The value shown has been chosen, and the technical product placed in Class II, as a result of the cumulative properties of the beta isomer. 6. The melting point of methyl isothiocyanate (S) is 35°C. 7. Paraquat has serious delayed effects if absorbed. It is of relatively low hazard in normal use but may be fatal if the concentrated product is taken by mouth or spread on the skin. 8. Mixture of compounds present in Pyrethrum cineraefolium and other flowers. 9. Compounds from roots of Derris and Lonchocarpus spp. THE FINAL CLASSIFICATION OF ANY PRODUCT DEPENDS ON ITS FORMULATION See Pages 7 & 8, and the Annex GCAP /MoFA Annex 10: Annexes A and B of Stockholm Convention. Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 266 May 2019 Listed substances CAS Annex Name Exemptions Number A. Production none Aldrin 309-00-2 Elimination Use as a local ectoparasiticide and insecticide Production by registered parties A. Use as a local ectoparasiticide, insecticide, Chlordane 57-74-9 Elimination termiticide (including in buildings, dams and roads) and as an additive in plywood adhesives A. Production none Dieldrin 60-57-1 Elimination Use in agricultural operations A. Endrin 72-20-8 None Elimination Production none A. Use as a termiticide (including in the structure of Heptachlor 76-44-8 Elimination houses and underground), for organic treatment and in underground cable boxes Production by registered parties A. Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1 Use as a chemical intermediate and a solvent for Elimination pesticides A. 2385-85- Production by registered parties Mirex Elimination 5 Use as a termiticide A. 8001-35- Toxaphene None Elimination 2 A. Polychlorinated Production none various Elimination biphenyls (PCBs) Use in accordance with part II of Annex A Disease vector control in accordance with Part II of B. Annex B DDT 50-29-3 Restriction Production and use as an intermediate in the production of dicofol and other compounds Added by the Fourth Conference of Parties, May 2009 CAS Annex Name Exemptions Number A. α-Hexachlorocyclohexane 319-84-6 None Elimination A. β-Hexachlorocyclohexane 319-85-7 None Elimination A. Chlordecone 143-50-0 None Elimination A. 36355- Hexabromobiphenyl None Elimination 01-8 Production none A. Hexabromodiphenyl ether Use recycling and reuse of various Elimination and heptabromodiphenyl ether articles containing these compounds Production none Use Human health A. Lindane (gamma- 58-89-9 pharmaceutical for control of Elimination hexachlorocyclohexane ) head lice and scabies as second line treatment A. Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5 None Elimination Production none A. Tetrabromodiphenyl ether Use recycling and reuse of various Elimination and pentabromodiphenyl ether articles containing these compounds Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), Production for permitted uses B. its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl various Use various uses specified in Restriction fluoride (PFOSF) part III of Annex B Added by the Fifth Conference of Parties, May 2011 CAS Annex Name Exemptions Number Production As allowed for the parties 115-29-7 listed in the Register of specific A. Technical endosulfan 959-98-8 exemptions Elimination and its related isomers 33213-65- Use Crop-pest complexes as listed in 9 accordance with the provisions of part VI of Annex A. Added by the Sixth Conference of Parties, April –May 2013 CAS Annex Name Exemptions Number 25637- 99-4 Production As allowed for the 3194-55- parties listed in the Register in 6 accordance with the provisions of A. 134237- Part VII of this Annex Hexabromocyclododecane Elimination 50-6 Use Expanded polystyrene and 134237- extruded polystyrene in buildings 51-7 in accordance with the provisions 134237- of Part VII of this Annex. 52-8 Added by the Seventh Conference of Parties (Triple Conference of Parties) in May 2015 CAS Annex Name Exemptions Number A. Hexachlorobutadiene 87-68-3 None Elimination Intermediates in the production of A. Polychlorinated 70776- polyfluorinated naphthalenes, Elimination naphthalenes 03-3 including octafluoronaphthalene Production: in accordance with the provisions of Part VIII of this Annex A. Pentachlorophenol, 87-86-5 Elimination and its salts and esters Use: Utility poles and cross-arms in accordance with the provisions of Part VIII of this Annex Added by the Eighth Conference of Parties, April - May, 2017 CAS Annex Name Exemptions Number 5436-43- Tetrabromodiphenyl ether 1 Production: None A. and pentabromodiphenyl Use: In accordance with the Elimination ether (commercial provisions of Part V of Annex A 32534- pentabromodiphenyl ether) 81-9 Production: As allowed for the parties listed in the Register Use: Additives in transmission A. Short-chain chlorinated 68920- belts, rubber conveyor belts, Elimination paraffins (SCCPs) 70-7 leather, lubricant additives, tubes for outdoor decoration bulbs, paints, adhesives, metal processing, plasticizer GCAP /MoFA Annex 11: Terms of Reference Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 267 May 2019 MINISTRY OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (MoFA) GHANA COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE PROJECT (GCAP) TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) REHABILITATION AND MORDERNIZATION OF FOUR (4) PUBLIC IRRIGATION SCHEMES CONSULTANCY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON FOUR (4) PUBLIC IRRIGATION SCHEMES: KIS, KLBIP, TONO AND VEA MARCH, 2016 Page 1 of 21 INTRODUCTION 1. The Government of Ghana (GoG) led by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) is implementing the Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project (GCAP) with funding from the World Bank (WB) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 2. The project has recently been restructured with the revised Project Development Objective (PDO) as: To improve agricultural productivity and production of both smallholder and nucleus farms in selected project intervention areas through increased access to reliable water, land, finance, agricultural inputs, and-output markets. 3. The restructured GCAP now consists of seven components as follows: (i) Strengthening investment promotion infrastructure and facilitating secure access to land; (ii) Securing PPPs and smallholder linkages in the Accra Plains; (iii) Securing PPPs and small-holder linkages in the SADA Zone; (iv) Project Management including M&E and impact analysis; (v) Investments in physical rehabilitation and modernization of existing public irrigation and drainage infrastructure; (vi) Support to the restructuring of irrigation and drainage institutions of the Government of Ghana; and (vii) Support for the development of Water Users’ Associations and new scheme management institutions. BACKGROUND 4. As part of component 5: ‘Investments in physical rehabilitation and modernization of existing public irrigation and drainage infrastructure’, GCAP in consultation with Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA) has selected four (4) public irrigation schemes for rehabilitation and modernization. Details of the selected irrigation schemes are presented in table 1 below. Table 1: Selected Irrigation Schemes for Rehabilitation under GCAP S/N Name of Irrigation Sceme Location Region Expected irrigable area 1 Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Kpong Eastern 3000 ha 2 Kpong Left Bank Irrigation Project Torgorme Volta 2000 ha (KLBIP) 3 Tono Irrigation Scheme Tono Upper East 2490 ha 4 Vea Irrigation Scheme Vea Upper East 850 ha A Brief Description Of The Irrigation Schemes Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) 5. Following completion of the Kpong Dam which is downstream of the Akosombo Hydroelectric Dam in 1982, gravity irrigation became possible and an initial area of about 3000 ha on the right bank of the Volta river was partially developed as a public irrigation scheme, known as Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS). 6. The KIS is owned and operated by the Government of Ghana and it is located about two hours north east of Accra, near the towns of Akuse and Asutsuare. With funding from the Page 2 of 21 African Development Bank (AfDB), the scheme received a major facelift in the late 1990s which resulted in the rehabilitation of the existing 1955 ha of irrigation land and further development of 1073 ha of gravity irrigation for perennial rice production. It derives water from the Volta River via the Kpong Reservoir which is primarily a relatively low head hydroelectric generation and storage facility. 7. The system was designed by Sir M MacDonald & Partners in association with Hunting Technical Services /K. K. Mercer & Partners. One thousand two hundred (1200) hectares of the scheme are slightly higher in elevation and cannot be served by gravity. Therefore the water has to be pumped about two meters to reach this area. This land has been provided to a French company, Golden Exotic Ltd, for commercial banana production under drip irrigation. The bananas are directly exported to France and other European markets. 8. The government subsidizes the scheme’s operation by seconding the management staff and covering their salaries. Farmers pay annual rent and water use fees which are used to defray the operation costs of the scheme. 9. The land is officially allocated to the farmer beneficiaries in one hectare allocations and they are obliged to be members of the farmers’ cooperative established to champion their common cause. 10. After years of poor maintenance the KIS was rehabilitated in 2003, with assistance from the African Development Fund. It continues to be publicly managed (by Ghana Irrigation Development Authority – GIDA). However, the irrigation infrastructure is again in need of rehabilitation and modernization. 11. Under the current rehabilitation and modernization, funded by the World Bank/USAID, the scope of works includes the designs and rehabilitation construction of the scheme that will include but is not limited to irrigation and drainage infrastructure, farm access/inspection roads, water distribution, control, and measuring structures, ponds, entire distribution and canal system, dam, intake system including control tower/mechanisms, spillway(s) and channel, scheme management offices, warehousing, repair shops etc. 12. The main infrastructure on the KIS which are in various stages of deterioration are presented in the table below. Section A comprises of the area from Akuse to the main Asutsuare road near the old sugar factory; Section B is the area served by the Northern Low Level Canal and the Southern Low Level Canal together with Distributary Y and Z; Section C is the area served by the High Level Canal (Golden Exotic area) See attached Map of Irrigation and Drainage Layout. Table 2: Existing Irrigation and Drainage Infrastructure at KIS DESCRIPTION SECTION A SECTION B SECTION C TOTAL Main canal, km 16 8.7 7.1 31.8 Branch canal, km 9.9 19.6 0 29.5 Intakes and outfalls 1 2 0 3 Canal cross regulator 7 4 2 13 Main canal offtakes 16 2 5 23 Branch canal turnout 53 28 0 81 Page 3 of 21 Lateral check & drop 320 180 0 500 Syphons, no 6 2 2 10 Night storage Res 4 18 4 26 Lateral culverts, no 28 90 0 118 Main drains, km 19 11.3 18.1 48.8 Branch drains, km 12.8 13.8 3 29.6 Drain culvert, large 14 29 31 74 Drain culverts , small 130 26 27 183 Grass spillway, km 9.5 1 2.2 12.7 Project main roads 18.3 25.7 14.7 58.7 Drain roads, km 17.6 7.5 8 33.1 Link Roads 44.4 15.9 0 60.3 Field roads, km 20 39 50 109 Sub-laterals, km 102.6 39.0 0 141.6 Irish Crossing, no 7 1 1 9 Houses , no 56 Workshop & Stores, no 3 Drying Floors, m2 2200 3720 0 5920 Pump station, no In use by Golden Exotic 1 Pump station, no Defunct 1 Foot bridges 3 0 0 3 The above inventory does not include infrastructure constructed by Golden Exotic which was done using private sector funds and is not included in the infrastructure earmarked for rehabilitation. (See Annex 1 for a map on the KIS) Kpong Left Bank Irrigation Project (KLBIP) 13. The Kpong Left Bank Irrigation Project is situated in the North Tongu District of the Volta Region, downstream of the Kpong Dam, starting from the gravelled Juapong road to the Torgorme feeder road and stretching 8km along two tributaries of the Volta River, the Gblor and Nyifla Rivers. The topography of the area is mainly gently sloping land with moderate to heavy clay soils. 14. The project has two components; the Main Works of the Kpong Left Bank (Togorme) Irrigation Project (KLBIP) and the Additional Works of the Kpong Piped Irrigation Water Supply (KPIWS) which mainly services the centre pivot irrigation systems established by Vegpro Ghana Limited, an anchor farmer that produces baby corn for export. 15. Initially, Acres International, a Canadian consulting firm, carried out pre-feasibility studies on the project in 1986. Further studies were conducted by Sir Mott MacDonalds of the UK in 1989 and finally a full feasibility study was carried out by SNC-Lavalin in 2010 to establish a potential gravity fed irrigation area of 2000 ha. Out of the potential 2000 ha gravity fed irrigable area, only 500 ha is currently developed. 16. The current GCAP/GIDA works on the scheme aim to rehabilitate, modernize and expand the project by additional 1500 ha, thereby bringing the total irrigable area to the scheme’s potential 2000 ha. Page 4 of 21 17. The main infrastructure at KLBIP and KPIWS that are at various stages of deterioration are respectively presented in tables 3 and 4 below. Table 3: Existing Irrigation and Drainage Infrastructure at KLBIP Item Description of Structure Units Qty 1 Supply Canal –lined with geo-cell M 3,535 2 Main canal 1–lined with geo-cell M 3,368 3 Main canal 2–lined with geo-cell M 4,431 4 Secondary canals M 9,725 5 Tertiary canals M 14,426 6 Cross regulator No 1 7 Drop structures No 85 8 Drainage Culvert No 7 9 Turnouts No 174 10 Tail Escape No 23 11 Siphon No 2 12 Division Box No 41 13 Bifurcator No 1 14 Head Gate No 16 15 Check gate No 12 16 Cross Regulator No 1 17 Nyifla Crossings No 2 18 Irish Crossings No 1 19 Nyifla/Alabonu Crossing No 20 Rubble Road No 1 21 Drains (Total) M 47,038 21.1 Cut-off drain M 7,406 21.2 Culvert outfall drains M 2,565 21.3 Secondary drains M 15,460 21.4 Tertiary drains M 11,808 21.5 Tertiary canal outfall drains M 587 21.6 Gblor Drain M 375 21.7 Nyifla Drain (Excavated) M 7,837 Table 4: Existing Infrastructure at KIPWS Item Description of Structure Qty 1 Irrigation Intake Gate 1 no 2 Supply Canal with concrete filled geo-cell membrane lining 58 m 3 Pump Sump on the RHS of the Supply Canal with gate 1 no 4 Pumps Submersible Pumps (106 kW, 225 m3/hr at 107.5 m) 4 no 5 Control panels for the submersible pumps 4 no Page 5 of 21 Power supply 6 11kV transmission line 340 m 7 365/405 kW Generator Set 1 no 8 11/0.415 kV 600 kVA Transformer 1 no Pipeline 9 Pipeline Class PN16 (HDPE) 400 mm diam 1.8 km 10 Pipeline Class PN10 (HDPE) 400 mm diam 4.3 km Accessories 11 400 mm Ø Steel Manifold 1 no 12 200 mm Ø Butterfly Valves 4 no 13 400 mm Ø Butterfly Valves 1 no 14 200 mm Ø Non-return Valves 4 no 15 Air Valves 5 no 16 150 mm Ø Pressure Relief Valves 2 no 17 Wash out Valve Chambers with 400 mm Ø gate valve 2 no 18 Wash out Valve Chambers with 250 mm Ø gate valve 2 no 19 Guard House/ Pump control room 1 no 20 Generator Shed 1 no (See Annex 2 for a map on KLBIP) Tono Irrigation Scheme 18. The Tono Irrigation Scheme was established by the Ghana Government to promote food crops production by small scale farmers within an organized scheme management. It is located in Tono near Navrongo in the Upper East Region of Ghana. It has a gross area of 3860 ha with a potential irrigable area of 2680 ha of which 2490 ha has been developed. The source of water is the Tono River. 19. Construction of the project commenced in 1975 and completed in 1985. Rehabilitation of sections of the gravity system was carried out in 2008 by the Millennium Development Authority (MIDA) by replacing the concrete slabs in the main and lateral gravity canals. 20. The current GCAP/GIDA works on the scheme aim to rehabilitate and modernize the existing irrigation scheme having a fully functioning irrigable area of 2490 ha. Table 5: Existing Irrigation and Drainage Infrastructure at Tono Irrigation Scheme Item Description Unit Quantity Remarks/ condition 1 Main Canal km 42 Partially in good shape 2 Lateral Canals km 69.4 Require total rehabilitation 4 Roads km 120 Require spot improvement and reshaping Page 6 of 21 5 Lateral Canal Gates No. 93 Most of the canal gates require maintenance/replacement 6 Night Storage No. 7 Almost all are silted up Reservoir 7 Pump Stations No. 2 All in good shape except defective cables from transformer to the main switch gear: 8 Hatchery Ponds Ha 1 9 Production Ponds Ha 4.8 Table 6: Other Infrastructure at Tono Irrigation Scheme Item Description Unit Quantity Remarks/ condition 1 Head Office Block 3 One of the blocks is wooden structure requiring replacement of battens to the walls. The second block is roofed with slate and would require reroofing. 2 Tono Scheme Block 2 Though serviceable the blocks would require a major facelift (See Annex 3 for a map on the Tono Irrigation Scheme) Vea Irrigation Scheme 21. The Vea Irrigation Scheme is situated in Vea near Bolgatanga, Upper East Region of Ghana. Construction started in 1965 and was completed in 1980. The scheme has a potential irrigable area of 1197 ha of which 850 ha have been developed. The source of water is the Yarigatanga River. 22. Prior to the construction of both the Tono and Vea Irrigation Schemes much of the area was cropped by the local population once annually during the rainy season. The farmers were eventually moved to enable the dam, canals, and infrastructure to be constructed. After completion of the two schemes, the farmers were allocated lands in the irrigable area and that allowed them to cultivate twice a year (wet season and dry season). 23. The dry season crops solely depend on the irrigation water whereas the wet season crops depend on supplementary irrigation water. 24. Currently, both schemes (Tono and Vea) are under the management of Irrigation Company of Upper Region (ICOUR). Table 7: Existing Irrigation and Drainage Infrastructures at Vea Irrigation Scheme Item Description Unit Quantity Remarks/ condition 1 Main Canals Km 21 Require total rehabilitation 2 Laterals Km 43 Require total rehabilitation 3 Sub-laterals Km - Require total rehabilitation Require spot improvement and 4 Roads Km 18 reshaping 5 Lateral Canal Gates No. 62 To be replaced 6 Night Storage No. 1 To be de-silted Page 7 of 21 Reservoir Table 8: Other Infrastructure at Vea Irrigation Scheme Quantit Item Description Unit Remarks/ condition y 1 Vea Office Block 2 Require rehabilitation (See Annex 4 for a map on Vea Irrigation Scheme) General Environmental Issues 25. Agriculture development can adversely impact the environment through destruction or degradation / fragmentation of natural habitat (limiting animal migration), deforestation, drainage of wetlands, loss of biodiversity, erosion and loss of soil fertility, siltation of water bodies, reduction in water quality, changes in local hydrology, etc. However, such impacts can be minimized or mitigated by shifting the focus from degradation to proper land management, combining soil conservation with improvements in soil quality, preventing erosion from roads and paths and considering climate change impacts where appropriate. 26. Irrigation too may result in an array of potential impacts associated with increased soil salinity, potential alteration in local hydrology and depletion of groundwater resources, increased erosion and sedimentation, degradation of water quality, etc. 27. Uncontrolled pesticide use can lead to several unintended and harmful environmental effects such as contamination of soil and water, pesticide drift, effects on non-target organisms, disruption of natural pest controls leading to pest resurgence, and resistance, and severe and long-term unintended health impacts on the applicant. General Social Issues 28. The rehabilitation and modernization of the four (4) irrigation schemes can have far reaching negative social impacts through the possible loss of farmlands for those who currently operate on the schemes and the need for compensation and resettlement of Project Affected Persons (PAPs); conflicts between farmers and farmer groups over the use of water and other resources; the relocation of culturally sensitive areas such shrines, public and family cemeteries; population influx and impacts of increased contact with new comers and outsiders as a result of project realization; issues of unfair distribution of project benefits; vulnerable groups and their exclusion from the benefits of the project; inadequate consultation with PAPs; loss of grazing lands by those who keep animals; etc. However such negative social impacts can be minimized and/or mitigated through: 29. Affected farmers and other local indigenes should be relocated or duly compensated. Compensation packages for lost assets such as cash crops and trees with economic value should be negotiated with payments made in cash or in kind. Employment and alternative Page 8 of 21 livelihood creation for locals should be considered as crucial in the overall project development objectives. 30. Issues related to cultural heritage are very sensitive and should be treated with due respect. Consensus building and public consultations regarding relocation of shrines, public and family cemeteries should be held prior to project development. In addition, there is the need to ensure that all the necessary rites are performed in accordance with the traditions and customs of the communities. For culturally sensitive areas which cannot be relocated, alternative routes for water retention infrastructure should be mapped out to fall outside these culturally sensitive areas. 31. Alternative lands for traditional cropping and subsistence farming should be reserved. This will allow farmers to have an integrated farming system which concentrates on both the irrigation schemes and rain-fed method to allow those practicing subsistence farming to continue providing for their families. On the other hand, grasslands within the project catchment area should be developed as grazing area for livestock by designing alternative routes for cattle grazing. 32. Land tenure/ ownership issues between individuals, families and communities must be dealt with thoroughly to prevent any such future occurrence. 33. Population influx management strategies that place emphasis on sensitizing and educating project affected communities on impacts of increased contact with new comers and outsiders as a result of project realization should be devised. Issues such as HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, general social change in areas of crime, conflicts, standard of living and emergence of new lifestyles, sub and popular culture, etc. should be addressed. Social and economic infrastructure such as roads, water and sanitation, electricity, should be factored in to decrease over usage of these amenities brought about by population influx. 34. Community members should be sensitized to the need to safeguard crops against bush fires and the farmers should train their workers in fire-fighting measures and institute effective fire prevention measures. 35. Project implementers should endeavour to redistribute the irrigated land in a fair and equitable manner so as to build the confidence of the local farmers in the project. JUSTIFICATION FOR ESIA-ESMP STUDIES 36. GCAP is classified as a category A project under the World Bank’s safeguards classification system. The project is required to comply with both national environmental regulations/legislations and the World Bank’s safeguards policies of which the following have been triggered:  Environmental Assessment OP/BP 4.01;  Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.04;  Forests OP/BP 4.36;  Pest Management OP 4.09;  Physical Cultural Resources OP/BP 4.11; Page 9 of 21  Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.12;  Safety of Dams OP/BP 4.37; and  Projects on International Waterways OP/BP 7.50; 37. In compliance with Ghana’s Environmental Assessment Regulations of 1999 (LI 1652) and the World Bank’s Safeguards Policy on Environmental Assessment - OP/BP 4.01 and Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.12, GCAP intends to engage a consulting firm to undertake an Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment (ESIA) and develop stand-alone Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for each of the four irrigation schemes earmarked for rehabilitation and modernization. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSIGNMENT 38. The objective of the current assignment is to carry out an Environmental & Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of each of the four schemes enumerated in Table 1 above and develop a stand-alone Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for each scheme in accordance with Ghana’s EPA guidelines and the World Bank’s Safeguards Policies. SCOPE OF WORK 39. The Environmental and Social Impact Statements (ESISs) for the four (4) irrigation schemes will be prepared in conformity with the requirements of the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency Act of 1994 (Act 490) and the Environmental Assessment Regulations of 1999 (LI 1652) as well as the World Bank Safeguards Policies on Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12). Relevant national regulations as well as the World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines will be applied in assessing expected environmental and social impacts and in proposing management and mitigation measures (in ESMP). 40. The selected consulting firm is expected to hold in-depth discussions with GCAP, GIDA, ICOUR and other stakeholders including consultants that have been engaged by GCAP to design and supervise the rehabilitation and modernization of the four schemes. This would allow the selected consulting firm to better understand the current and the proposed future development plans so as to inform the scale of the ESIA and ESMP studies. 41. The general mandate of the “Design” consultants is given below for information only. The selected ESIA consultant is expected to discuss the general mandate with each “Design” consultant to identify the appropriate level of work mandated for each of the four schemes and to tailor the ESIA / ESMP studies to respond to the specific design briefs. The general “Design” consultants’ mandate is as follows:  Assess the current status of the respective scheme by taking an inventory of the irrigation and drainage infrastructures; farm access/inspection roads; water distribution, control, and measuring structures; ponds and reservoirs, the entire distribution and canal system; dams and intake systems including control Page 10 of 21 tower/mechanisms, spillway(s) and channel management offices and their set up / organization, warehousing, repair shops etc. and determine their adequacy or inadequacy for the purpose of designing and introducing modern facilities and instrumentation that allow management, control and accurate measurement of water flowing into the various sections of the scheme for the purposes of billing and collection of water user fees for sustainable management of the schemes.  Review existing socio-economic, agricultural development plan, assessment of soil condition, cropping plan, scheme management practices, level of participation of water users in the maintenance and operation of the schemes. Issues on land acquisition and resettlement grievance redress mechanisms, the involvement of vulnerable groups, livestock and grazing and potential conflicts with crop farmers. Compile and analyse up to date meteorological and hydraulic data for the purpose of determining the appropriate cropping pattern/calendar, advising the types and areas to be cropped based on water outflow from the various dams / irrigation outlet discharge for sustainable operation of the schemes.  Prepare designs for the rehabilitation / modernization of the irrigation and drainage infrastructures including topographic maps, construction drawings, cost estimates, bidding documents, etc. Identify and include environmental and social issues identified in the ESIA / ESMP reports in the design and bid documents. 42. Expected deliverables from each of the “Design” consultants and timelines are summarised in the table 9 below: Table 9: Expected Deliverables from "Design" Consultants Name of Firm Deliverables Timelines BRL (KIS Design Commencement of Services February 8, 2016 (M) Consultants) Inception Report M+1.0 Review Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report (APIP), Organisational M+2.0 and Management Needs Assessment Report Comments by GCAP, GIDA M+3.0 Draft Design Standards Memorandum, Draft M + 3.5 Instruments Schedule Comments by GCAP, GIDA, WB M + 4.0 Final Design Standards Memorandum, Final M + 5.0 Instruments Schedule Draft Technical Assessment Report (including Preliminary M+6.0 Design Report, ) Comments by GCAP and GIDA M+6.5 Final Technical Assessment Report M+7.0 Draft Design Report, Bid Documents, Organisational and Management Report, M+10.0 Operation and Maintenance Manual Page 11 of 21 Validation by GCAP, GIDA, WB etc. M+10.5 Final Design Report, Bid Documents, M+12.0 Selection of Contractor WAPCOS (KLBIP Phase A Design Consultants) Commencement of Services January 7, 2016 (M) Inception Report M+1.0- Draft Feasibility Study Report (including Preliminary M+4.0 Design Report) Organisational and Management Needs M+4.0 Assessment Report Comments by GCAP and GIDA M+4.5 Final Feasibility Study Report M+6.0 Phase B Detailed Design Assignment Commences M+6.5 Draft Design Report, Bid Documents and Organisational & Management System M+10.0 Report Design Validation Report by GCAP and M+10.5 GIDA Comments by GCAP, GIDA and WB M+11.0 Final Design Report, Bid Documents and Organisational & Management System M+12.0 Report SMEC (Tono and Commencement of Services January 29, 2016 (M) Vea Design Inception Report M+1.0- Consultant) Organisational and Management Needs M+2.0 Assessment Report Comments by GCAP and GIDA M+3.0 Draft Technical Study Report (including Preliminary M+6.0 Design Report) Comments by GCAP and GIDA M+6.5 Final Technical Study Report M+7.0 Draft Design Report, Bid Documents, Organisational and Management Report, M+10.0 Operation and Maintenance Manual Validation by GCAP, GIDA, WB etc M+10.5 Final Design Report, Bid Documents M+12.0 Page 12 of 21 Detailed Scope 43. In developing impact assessment and prevention and mitigation measures for the four schemes, the ESIA consultant should ensure that the proposed designs incorporate sound land management plans, takes into consideration local soil and crop varieties, account for water availability and management (considering climate variability and potential future changes), follow environmentally sound construction practices, consider secondary / induced and cumulative impacts and incorporate local community knowledge. 44. The ESIA should thoroughly review the current status of the use, storage, handling, application and disposal of pesticide in the four schemes and where appropriate recommend “safer pesticide use” practices; 45. To avoid the current state of the systems degradation, the ESIA / ESMP should include an evaluation of the proposed long-term maintenance provision for canals, irrigation structures, roads, drainage ditches, monitoring, etc. for all schemes to ensure environmental and social sustainability of the project. An adequate environmental and social monitoring should be designed enabling response to new and developing issues of concern in the irrigation sites during implementation and hence ensuring compliance with environmental and social monitoring of both Bank standards and national policies. A monitoring schedule should also be proposed 46. The specific tasks for the selected ESIA consulting firm will include but not be limited to the following: 1. Undertake and submit acceptable scoping reports on the four schemes to the GCAP and EPA which should pave way for the ESIA studies; 2. Undertake ESIA studies resulting in ESIA statements acceptable to GCAP, EPA, and the World Bank; 3. The ESIA studies will include but not limited to:  Conducting baseline studies on the irrigation schemes inclusive of the irrigable areas, as is or to be expanded (e.g. in the case of KLBIP). Baseline information may include soil topography, geology, chemical and biological composition of soils, type of vegetation, flora and fauna of the existing vegetation, micro-climatic conditions including meteorology (including potential for climate change), hydrology and air quality, surface and ground water quality, as well as socio-economic and cultural characteristics of the affected communities;  Assessment of potential environmental and social impacts that may emanate from the rehabilitation and modernization work on the four (4) irrigation schemes including potential for flooding, soil erosion, water pollution, destruction of habitats of flora and fauna, changes in biodiversity, spread of diseases, altered downstream water use, changes in microclimate, potential conflicts/disputes over lands, disruption of the livelihoods of Project Affected People (PAPs), population influx and impacts of increased contact with new Page 13 of 21 comers and outsiders as a result of project realization, reduction or impacts on grazing lands for livestock, loss of lands and the need for resettlement/compensation, relocation of culturally sensitive areas such shrines, public and family cemeteries etc.;  Assessment of potential impacts of farming activities in the irrigable areas on the physical and biological environment including protected areas and sensitive habitats, forests, rivers and streams;  Assessment of the procurement, transportation, use, handling, storage and disposal of agrochemicals (fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc.) their use on crops, and their impacts on biota, flora, fauna, soil, groundwater, and humans especially the farmers/workers and neighboring communities;  Assessment of potential loss of arable land, vegetation, grazing lands, economic trees and natural resources on livelihoods;  Assessment of potential impacts on surface and underground water quality and quantity as a result of the farm activities;  Assessment of dam safety where dams are used as part of the irrigation / water supply system;  Assessment of potential impacts of water withdrawal on the Volta River and the Lake as per OP/BP 7.50 on International Waterways;  Assessment of potential Project Affected People (PAPs) within the schemes’ catchment area and recommend preparation of RAPs/ARAPs in accordance with the Bank’s OP/BP 4.12 by an independent consultant;  Assess other potential environmental and social risks likely to emanate from the proposed rehabilitation and modernization of the irrigation schemes and recommend practical measures to eliminate, reduce or mitigate them;  Carry out adequate and culturally appropriate stakeholder consultations and document them as an input in the ESIA; provide stakeholders with the opportunity to identify any issues and concerns associated with the rehabilitation and modernization of the schemes;  Identify areas of likely environmental and social issues that may require further investigation or monitoring;  Assess potential impact of proposed interventions on vulnerable groups such as ethnic minorities, women, the poor and youth;  Identify and analyze alternatives with respect to project designs and recommend modifications from the environmental, social and economic perspectives;  Assess current internal capacity of scheme management entities (personnel, logistics, resources etc.) to implement environmental and social safeguards and identify areas that require further capacity building or improvement;  Provide practical, costed, and monitorable measures to mitigate the Page 14 of 21 identified adverse impacts and enhance the positive impacts in an environmental and social management plan including monitoring plan and institutional/implementation arrangements and measures for capacity building (if needed) as well as grievance redress mechanism; it should be noted that the emphasis of the assignment is on the design of effective environmental and social management and monitoring plan rather than extensive assessment of potential risks.  The ESMP should critically address but not be limited to the following areas: (a) soundness of designs (b) water contamination (c) flood controls (d) agrochemical usage including their procurement, handling, storage, usage, personal protective equipment (PPE), record keeping practices, disposal of agrochemical containers, etc. (e) pond and canal maintenance including prevention of siltation, breeding grounds for diseases borne vectors (f) conservation/preservation of economic trees and biodiversity (g) land degradation/erosion (h) general occupational health and safety issues, (i) livelihood restoration (j) needs of vulnerable people including women, the youth, the aged and those with chronic illness (k) mechanism for grievance redress (l) needs of people who have lost their right to land (m) fairness in the distribution of the benefits of the scheme (n) population influx and impacts on increased contact with new comers and outsiders as a result of project realization (o) provision of grazing lands for livestock (p) relocation of culturally sensitive artifacts e.g. shrines, public and family cemeteries, etc. REPORT FORMAT 47. As a recommendation, the final ESIA statement is expected to follow the format compliant with EPA and World Bank requirements and include the following: i. Executive Summary ii. Introduction iii. Institutional Frameworks Related to ESIA Preparation (policy, legal and administrative framework, study methodology) iv. Description of Projects (including interventions/activities) v. Analysis of Alternative Approaches vi. Environmental Baseline Information vii. Stakeholder Consultations viii. Assessment of Potential Environmental and Social Impacts (identification, prediction and evaluation of significance). ix. Mitigation Program x. Monitoring Plan xi. Costed Environmental and Social Management Plan xii. Bibliography xiii. Appendices EXPECTED CONSULTING TEAM 48. GCAP intends to engage one (1) consulting firm to undertake the assignment but the firm should constitute two (2) teams; the first team would work on KIS and KLBIP – both in Page 15 of 21 Accra Plains while the second team would work on Tono and Vea – both in Upper East Region. GCAP expects the whole assignment to be performed within six (6) calendar months with time inputs not exceeding sixteen (16) man-months. 49. The firm will be guided by the Project’s Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and the Pest Management Plan (PMP) which were prepared by the Government of Ghana as a condition precedent for the approval of the project by the World Bank. QUALIFICATIONS OF KEY PERSONNEL 50. The consulting firm will present for each of the proposed teams two (2) key staff comprising an Environmental Scientist and a Sociologist. 51. The Environmental Scientist should have a Master’s degree in Environmental Sciences or Natural Resources Management or any of the Natural Sciences with at least ten (10) years practical experience as an environmental consultant with track records of having conducted ESIA studies preferably in irrigation scheme construction, rehabilitation and/or modernization. A background in agriculture is an advantage. Evidence of having conducted ESIA studies for World Bank/USAID programs/projects is preferred. 52. The Sociologist should have a Master’s degree in sociology, development studies or related discipline with at least ten (10) years experience in ESIA studies, RAP/ARAP preparation. The Sociologist must additionally have experience in gender mainstreaming and community engagement. FACILITIES AND INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY GCAP 53. The successful consulting firm will work closely with the Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialists as well as other staff of GCAP, GIDA and ICOUR for the successful execution of this assignment. The Project will provide the successful consulting firm with the following key documents:  Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)  Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)  Pest Management Plan (PMP)  Project Appraisal Document (PAD)  Project Implementation Manual  Report on the Land Diagnostic Study of the Accra Plains  The project’s Restructuring Paper GIDA and ICOUR will provide the Consultant with scheme-specific documentation as and when required. DURATION 54. The consulting firm is expected to perform this assignment within six (6) months. Page 16 of 21 DELIVERABLES 55. The selected consulting firm will produce stand-alone reports (ESIA and ESMP) for each of the four (4) irrigation schemes. Additionally, the firm is expected to produce the deliverables listed per the timelines provided in the table 10 below: Table 10: Expected Deliverables DELIVERABLE TIMELINE AND PAYMENT TERMS Inception Report and Work Plan (3 hard copies 2 weeks from start of assignment 10% and a soft copy) Submission and acceptance by GCAP Scoping Reports (copies should meet EPA’s 1 month from start of assignment 10% requirements and additionally 3 hard copies and a soft copy should be submitted to GCAP) Submission and acceptance by GCAP Initial Draft ESIA Statements/Reports (including 3 months from start of assignment ESMP and consultations reports) ( Copies to meet 20% EPA requirement and additionally 3 hard copy and a soft copy each should be submitted to GCAP) Submission and acceptance by GCAP Note: GCAP and Bank will need time to review and comment on the report Final Draft ESIA Statements//Reports (including 5 months from start of assignment ESMPs) – 12 hard copies and a soft copy Submission and acceptance by GCAP 30% Final ESIA Statements/Reports (including final 6 months from start of assignment EMPs) – 12 hard copies and a soft copy Submission and acceptance by GCAP, EPA and World Bank 30% Page 17 of 21 ANNEX 1 Figure 1: MAP OF KPONG IRRIGATION SCHEME (KIS ! Page 18 of 21 ANNEX 2 Figure 2: MAP OF KPONG LEFT BANK IRRIGATION PROJECT Page 19 of 21 ANNEX 3 Figure 3: MAP OF TONO IRRIGATION SCHEME Page 20 of 21 ANNEX 4 Figure 4: MAP OF VEA IRRIGATION SCHEME Page 21 of 21 GCAP /MoFA Final ESIA _Rehabilitation and Modernization of Kpong Irrigation Scheme (KIS) Page 268 May 2019