50879 THE WORLD BANK CONSULTING SERVICES FOR GEF PCB MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL DEMONSTRATION PROJECT Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Presented by: Experco International 150 Marchand Street, Suite 600 Drummondville, Quebec, Canada J2C 4N1 www.experco.com Drummondville December 2008 THE WOLD BANK CONSULTING SERVICES FOR GEF PCB MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL DEMONSTRATION PROJECT Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Prepared by: Experco International inc. 150 Marchand Street, Suite 600 Drummondville, Québec J2C 4N1 www.experco.com André Tartre, M.Sc.A., CIH Tran Thi Minh Thao, B.A. ______________________________ André Poulin, eng., P.Eng., Ph.D. OIQ No.: 033863 with the collaboration of: Nguyen Ngoc Chau, M.Sc. Centema Drummondville December 2008 X:\PROJETS\VNBQ\M-002\SECRETARIAT\ENVI\RAP-G84309 (FINAL VERSION) - 2008-12-10.DOC Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstation Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 2. PROJECT'S OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY................................................................ 2 1. Sampling schemes for power sector (EVN) ................................................................................. 6 2. Sampling scheme for the ICI ........................................................................................................ 7 3. Sampling scheme for electrical equipment services, shops and fabrication ................................. 8 4. Sampling scheme for contaminated facilities and services, storage and disposal sites ................ 9 5. Sampling scheme for imported dielectric oil and oil-contained in electrical equipment ............. 9 6. Identification of PCB contaminated equipment to sample ........................................................... 9 3. TESTING AND SAMPLING..................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Testing ........................................................................................................................................ 14 3.2 Samples analysis ......................................................................................................................... 15 4. PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS ..................................................................................... 16 4.1 Reliability of Dexsil .................................................................................................................... 36 5. FLOW MAPPING ...................................................................................................................... 39 5.1 Tracking the oil recyclers or end users ....................................................................................... 41 6. RESULTS INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION .............................................................. 41 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMANDATIONS FOR THE NATIONAL INVENTORY ............................................................................................................................. 44 8. TRAINING AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER ....................................................................... 45 9. PCB MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES ...................................................................................... 45 9.1 About occupational health and safety ......................................................................................... 45 9.2 About the dispersion of PCB into the environment .................................................................... 46 9.3 About the National PCB inventory ............................................................................................. 46 9.4 About the PCB detection ............................................................................................................ 47 Page i Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (suite) Page FIGURE 4.1 Total chloride concentrations in transformer oils between 1985­2005...................................... 33 5.1 General PCB flow chart .............................................................................................................. 40 6.1 Correlation between GC-MS and Dexsil results for insulating oils in transformers .................. 42 TABLE 1 Work plan description................................................................................................................... 2 2 Sampling scheme within EVN's power sector .............................................................................. 7 3 Sampling scheme for the ICI sector.............................................................................................. 8 4.0 Results summary table ................................................................................................................ 17 4.1 Experco's compilation results (2007) and local consultant (2008) ............................................ 33 4.2 Local Consultant's results (2008) and comparison with Experco (2007) .................................. 34 4.3 Percentage of contaminated transformers prior to 1980-1984 ................................................... 36 4.4 50 ppm calibration test................................................................................................................ 36 4.5 Analyses results comparison between Dexsil, Maxxam and Centema....................................... 37 APPENDIX A: Detailed report of 51 sampled sites B: List of the oil recyclers and PCB disposers C: Visit report of the 17 ICI sites without sampling D: Executive summary of test kit by Dexsil Corp. E: Recommendation letter from VEPA for the USA & Canadian Customs Authorities F: Schedule of visits between May and August (2007) G: Classification of collected samples and results of PCB concentration analyses H: Certificates by Maxxam Analytics laboratory, Montreal and Centema, HCMC I: PCBs flow charts for each province, Vietnam J: Laboratory certificate of the blood analysis K: PowerPoint presentation during the workshop and training session documents L: Compilation of the results for each visit by Experco (2007), and by the local Inventory Consultant (2008) Page ii Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 1. INTRODUCTION This document consists in presenting our final report to the World Bank, on sampling, testing and mapping of PCB inventory and contamination1, within the framework of the "Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) Management and Disposal Demonstration project (P099460)" (hereafter designated as PCB project), and financed by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), which is the interim financial mechanism of the Stockholm convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) via World Bank. These activities are also co-financed by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). An inception and progress report was previously submitted to the World Bank, on June 20th 2007. Feedback received from WB (29/06/2007) is being addressed in the present report, and integrated in the methodology. Feedback received upon presentation of our results during a workshop in Hanoï (8/08/2007) are also included. Considering the large quantity of information gathered during each visits into Vietnam's ten provinces, we will present details of our results in appendix A. These details include characteristics of electric equipments, sampling routing sheets, maps displaying the location of samplings, photographs and other complementary data. A summary of our results is presented in tables included within this report, along with our conclusions and recommendations in the last chapter related to the PCB management guidelines. This final version also includes the results for the 100 samples collected by the local Inventory Consultant in 2008, and the comments made by the World Bank (11/05/2008, 16/11/2008 and 8/12/2008). It should also be noted the preparation of our report has been carried out while taking into consideration the data and results emerging from two other studies carried out by Canadian consultants, namely SNC-Lavalin on « Analysis of PCB treatment and disposal options » (c.f. draft report, 18/07/2007), and Breeze and Associates Inc. on « Assessment of the policy, regulatory and legislative framework (c.f. draft final report 18/07/2007). Consequently, we have knowingly omitted various details already included in those reports2 , in order to focus on our own scope of work. 1 Contract no. 7142698 between the World Bank (WB) and Experco International inc. 2 Examples of information already presented by SNC-Lavalin and Bob Breeze: description of the problematic PCB situation in Vietnam and PCB waste management existing practices. Page 1 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 2. PROJECT'S OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY The main objectives of the project for the sampling, testing and mapping of PCB inventory and contamination are listed below, according with the TOR of our contract. 9 To map out the more realistic flow of the PCB contaminated equipment and PCB contaminated oil from source to final disposal in Vietnam; 9 To develop a testing protocol to confirm suspected uses of decommissioned equipment and PCB contaminated oils that do not comply with best practices; 9 To produce sample and amend the flow sheet sampling in order to improve the investigation of PCB uses, in different sectors (power, industries); 9 To provide workable, complete, and reliable protocols that could be used by the consultant3 in charge of the whole inventory; 9 To carry out training to improve the country's capacity in sampling, testing as well as PCB management; 9 To establish practical guidelines for efficient PCBs management based on the best international practices, in function of the discrepancies identified during our inspections. 9 To facilitate cooperation amongst the stakeholders (including the consultants). It should be noted that the main goal of this project is to guide and direct the consultant who will be mandated with inventorying PCBs; our mandate is not to inventory quantities of PCBs, as described in TORs of the project relating to the sampling, testing and mapping of PCB inventory and contamination. The methodology used to attain the above-mentioned objectives is essentially as follows. A schedule for the completion of each activity is also shown hereafter. Table 1 ­ Work plan description Step Activity description Execution period (2007) A Gathering of data and report update April-May B Elaboration of the five sampling schemes and adjustments April-May C First workshop and start-up meeting May 7th D Revision of the work plan for sampling/testing schemes May E Visit of 28 EVN sites and sampling + five VEPA sites May 3 This consultant was not selected (as anticipated during our first workshop) during the execution of our mandate. Numerous changes have affected our work plan and schedule because of this contingency. Page 2 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Step Activity description Execution period (2007) F Testing (analysis) of the EVN samples (with Dexsil) June st G 1 integration of results and preliminary flow mapping June H Planning and organisation of the visits to non-EVN sites June I Inception and progress report June 20th J Visit of 35 non-EVN sites (industries and other ICI) July K Preparation of PCB management guidelines July L Tracing or tracking import/export PCB's firms July M Testing (analysis) of the non-EVN samples (with Dexsil) July N 2nd integration of results and final flow mapping July O Second workshop and presentation of the preliminary results 8th August P 1st training session (north VN) 9th August Q 2nd training session (south VN) 14th August Validation of 10% of the samples (with GC analysis's laboratory, R September in Montreal) Verification of accuracy of analysis performed by Centema S September Laboratory, VN September- T Final draft report and feedback November January-March U Visit and sampling of 26 sites (by the local Inventory Consultant) 2008 V Testing (analysis) of 100 samples (with Dexsil) March 2008 W Presentation of the report to the Inventory Consultant and EVN April 2008 rd X 3 integration of results April 2008 Y Final report and comments from WB May 2008 Z Final report and closing of the contract Oct.-Dec. 2008 Step A: Gathering of data and report update Main documents gathered and consulted during a first step are the following: 9 MONRE, Vietman National Implementation Plan for Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants toward 2020 (draft), Hanoï, May 2006 (81 pages). 9 USAID, PLB Management Plan for the power sector, Hanoï, September 2005 (101 pages). Page 3 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 9 MONRE-VEPA, National POP project office, final project report on PCB national survey and assessment (draft), Hanoï, November 2005 (40 pages) and their appendixes (in Vietnamese). 9 Mission's aide-mémoire: Preparation of Vietnam PCB Management and disposal demonstration project, Sept. 25th to Oct. 3rd, 2006 and appendixes 1, 2, 3 and 4 (11 pages); February 20th, 2007 and appendixes 1 and 2 (10 pages) and minutes from the consultation workshop (6 pages); May 21st, 2007 and appendixes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (24 pages). Other documents consulted include the bibliographical references described hereafter: 9 Myers, S., Horning, M., Kelly J., Stebbins R., Transformer maintenance Guide, Editions TMI, 2004, 437 pages. 9 UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), Guidelines for the identification of PCB and materials containing PCB, available at www.chem.unep.ch, 1999. 9 China State Environmental Protection Agency, TOR Development of a PCB Inventory Methodology and a Draft Strategy on PCB reduction and Disposal in China, Draft report in 2002 for the World Bank, Beijing, China. 9 UK, Technical Guidelines for the Environmentally Sound Management of Wastes Consisting of, Containing or Contaminated with PCBs, PCTs and PBBs, Unedited draft version, April 2007. 9 Environment Canada, National Inventory of PCB Employed or Stocked in Canada, 2005 Summary report, CCME, www.ec.gc.ca/wmd-dgd/. 9 Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Guideline for the Management of Waste Containing PCBs, CCME-TS/WM-TRE008, Manual EPS 9/HA/1, September 1989, 55 p. 9 Environment Canada, Handbook on PCBs in Electrical Equipment, Revised edition. Step B: Elaboration of the five sampling schemes and adjustments We have developed five different sampling schemes for the following PCB users: a) Sampling schemes for power generation facilities, power distribution networks, urban and rural power distribution systems. b) Sampling schemes for electrical equipment used in other industries. c) Sampling schemes for electrical equipment service shops, companies or other facilities to investigate both PCB-contaminated service equipment, containers and sites. d) Sampling schemes for contaminated facilities, service, storage and disposal sites. e) Sampling schemes for imported dielectric oil and oil-containing electrical equipment. A global approach was used for the sampling schemes, which includes the origin and routing (tracing) of imported PCBs into Vietnam, the identification and characterization of PCB users, service shops and PCB recyclers and disposers, and tracing of the decommissioning and/or elimination for all material users. Page 4 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report The information required about the imported PCBs is the location, name of importer, type of material, dates, quantities and contamination level. This information is used to identify the PCB importer, its distributors, and the domestic manufacturers and/or PCB users (who are supplied by either the importer or one of its distributors) that have the PCB imported into Vietnam. The main applications investigated are the following: 9 electrical services companies (on site maintenance, repair shops, electromagnets); 9 recyclers; 9 disposers (official and suspected); 9 landfill disposal (official and suspected); 9 storage sites; 9 spillage (reported or suspected); 9 manufacturers of electric equipments (ballasts, transformers, rectifiers, circuit breakers, electric insulated cables); 9 power utilities (production, distribution and administration); 9 residential and commercial public buildings; 9 Industrial, Commercial and Institutional buildings (ICI). We have investigated all equipment containing or suspected to contain pure PCBs (mixture of 40-60% PCB with trichlorobenzene and tetrachlorobenzene), concentrated decontamination flushing, decontamination flushing, contaminated mineral oil (in outdoor transformers, contaminated soils, wastewater, dredging spoils and residues), rectifier stations (voltage regulators) and OCBs, step-up generator (only at power generation sites), capacitors, transformers and ballast, contaminated components (lubricating fluids, cutting and waste oil, etc.), decommissioned and supposedly decontaminated materials (absorbents, rags, paper, small tools, etc.) It was decided that no destructive test would be performed on the closed applications such as capacitors, ballasts, OCBs and other electrical equipment hermetically sealed in order to prevent leakage. Regardless, it is a known fact that all of this equipment contained pure PCBs prior to 1980. The priority of sampling sites has been determined according to the following criteria: 9 the sites should be representative of their sector (power or ICI); about 70% of the sites are in the power sector, while 30% are in the ICI sector according to MONRE-VEPA (Ref. National Survey, November 2005); 9 the sites chosen should improve the reliability and accuracy of the foreseen inventory (planned by EVN); 9 the sites should be representative of all the types of applications for the 5 proposed schemes; 9 the sites could be used as basic information for the preparation of the EIA study; Page 5 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 9 the sites should be selected according to the ease of obtaining authorizations for the visit and a permission for sampling; 9 we should investigate the equipment containing or suspected to contain recycled or diluted PCBs. All of the equipment that was built prior to 1980 and that has never been drained theoretically contains pure PCBs (in their original oils); 9 during sampling, only safe sampling procedures have been carried out. For instance, if a valve appeared too rusty during the investigation, and there was a risk for a spill, no oil samples were collected; 9 for soils susceptible of being contaminated by a leakage of oil, composite surface samples were collected; 9 waste recycled oil drums have been investigated when originating from the drainage of an old transformer; 9 few samples have been collected to understand the flow mapping of recycled oil to track buyers of contaminated oil; 9 finally for the sampling, we were targeting transformers with available historical data. The interpretation of the results (such as the concentration of PCBs according to the year of manufacturing, type of maintenance performed or other various parameters) was then easier for flow mapping. A description of all five sampling schemes is shown hereafter. 1. Sampling schemes for power sector (EVN) The sampling scheme for the power sector includes the following items: 9 Completion of the investigation of 250 samples collected by EVN's laboratory (PC2)4; 9 Representative samples have been taken in sufficient amounts to meet the project's objectives (289 samples for all the testing campaign), from which 241 have been shipped to the laboratory of Centema for Dixsil analysis (the other ones were not feasible to analyse). From those 241 samples, 8 other tests didn't give results and were also cancelled. So for the rest of 233 samples (221 oils and 12 soils), 223 samples were analysed (216 oils and 7 soils); 9 When data was available, results have been interpreted in relation with literature (UNEP guide, USEPA, handbook), year of production or term of operation star-up as well as the equipment management's records and maintenance (oil replacement). 9 About 34 % of the sampling has been performed onto on-line electrical equipment (considering the additional 58 samples collected by the local Inventory Consultant (2008) in collaboration with EVN); 4 16 Collected samples by PC2 as their comparison requirement, but no samples from list of 50 ppm total chloride concentration equipments in Can Tho PC and Dong Nai PC. There is no records or trace to find the 26 PCBs equipment which were tested and stored safely as ADB request in 2006. Page 6 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 9 As mentioned, sampling was not required for transformers still bearing their original oils (no retro- fill or maintenance) if manufacturing before 1980 could be proven; however, when the owner held no clear maintenance record documents, the focus was on retro filled oil and decommissioned electrical equipments; 9 Very few investigations has been conducted on other types of electrical equipments such as ballasts switches, rectifier stations, OCBs, circuit breaker, etc., since little data was available. No destructive test have been carried out; 9 All collected samples needed to be collected on unit representative of other equipment to assess with accuracy PCB flow mapping. In summary, we have carried out the following sampling scheme within EVN's power sector: Table 2 ­ Sampling scheme within EVN's power sector Dating from Dating from Number 14/08/2007 April 2008 Sampled transformers: y on-line 38 74 y for maintenance 60 77 y for disposal 23 25 y back up - 3 Total transformers 121 179 Drums-tanks 27 27 y for maintenance 15 15 y for sale 12 12 Compressor, hydraulic press, pump, 13 25 etc. Filtering system 8 8 Soils 12 12 Circuit breakers 7 8 Total samples 188 258 Sites visited 30 46 y Sampled sites 28 42 2. Sampling scheme for the ICI Since data in the ICI sectors is scattered, the focus has been set on the most important industries (cement, steel, mines, water treatment facilities, independent power generation installation, etc.) as well as on identifying ICI-PCBs storage sites. The sampling scheme for the ICI sector included the following items: 9 sampling to confirm (or validate) the presence of PCBs, according to the values in the literature; Page 7 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 9 some investigation has been conducted on used oils such as hydraulic fluids in underground mining equipment and lubricants in vacuum pumps, cutting oil, etc. if site access was possible. 9 samples have been collected mainly from the decommissioned electrical equipment located in a storage warehouse, as well as from wasted oil drums. Table 3 presents a summary of the sampling scheme for the ICI sector (or non-EVN); it should be noted that none of the non-EVN site have been visited by the local Inventory Consultant. Table 3 ­ Sampling scheme for the ICI sector Dating from Dating from Number 14/08/2007 April 2008 Transformers y on-line 1 23 y stored for maintenance 16 22 y for disposal - 1 Total transformers 17 46 Drums-tanks y for maintenance 6 7 y PCB storage 4 4 y to burn 1 1 y for sale 3 3 Total drums-tanks 14 15 Filtering system 2 2 Circuit breakers 1 1 Hydraulic oil, pump, fork lift, etc. 11 11 Total samples 45 75 Sites visited 38 48 y Sampled sites 23 43 3. Sampling scheme for electrical equipment services, shops and fabrication 20 Companies' maintenance department have been investigated by Experco in 2007 in order to: 9 identify containers, storage deposits, damaged electrical equipment service shops and other recyclers; 9 track locations where the discarded oils have been stored and take samples to confirm the presence of PCBs; 9 4 Transformer MFGs: 2 Non-EVN Transformer MFG (Thibidi, TKV Mine EMC), 2 EVN Transformer MFG (Dong Anh and Thu Duc EMCs); they have also maintenance services; Page 8 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 9 16 sites of maintenance and repair services: 12 departments of EVN (1 of PC Electric Test Center, 1 of Can Tho Thermal Power Plant, 10 of each 10 PCs); 3 small private enterprises in Can Tho City and 1 department of Milestone No.6 Mine Company in Quang Ninh. Other maintenance companies of EVN have been visited by the local Inventory Consultant in 2008. 4. Sampling scheme for contaminated facilities and services, storage and disposal sites An exhaustive characterization and mapping of the contamination levels has been performed on these sites. For this reason, several samples have been taken and analysed in our laboratory. The sampling scheme for the contaminated facilities and services, storage and disposal sites includes the following items: 9 a verification to ensure that the transformers have been drained completely; 9 an assessment of wasted oils in drums; 9 samples have been collected when leakage into soil was observed; 9 Observations of solid PCB waste were noted on the sampling routing sheet when applicable (absorbents, wire, wood, etc.). 5. Sampling scheme for imported dielectric oil and oil-contained in electrical equipment Usually, the in-use PCB contaminated mineral oil have PCB concentration ranging from few hundreds to few thousands PPM when units have been retrofilled. Visits of oil recycler facilities and PCB disposers have been carried out in order to: 9 understand the fate of recycling oils; 9 understand how PCB oils have been used in other industrial sectors and households; 9 take various samples in suspected oils, such as cutting oils, lubricants, dust control oils, etc., if PCB contamination is suspected; 9 many contacts to some oil distributors (Petrolimex, Castrol, BP, etc.) have also been carried out during our investigation, for flow mapping. The list of those distributors is presented in appendix B. 6. Identification of PCB contaminated equipment to sample The contaminated PCB equipment to sample have been identified based on: 9 the nature of the equipment and its manufacturing date ; 9 its history, management and maintenance records; Page 9 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 9 the label, according to the handbook's references for electricity production and distribution for transformers; if labels are missing or cannot be read, a judgment has been rendered on the approximate date, history and the location of the equipment's manufacturer; 9 if all the information is available and no retro fills occurred, no samples has been taken since the presence and characteristics of the PCBs has been assessed using handbooks and other technical information; 9 Most sampling has to be focused on unclear cases, where the confirmation of the presence or absence of PCBs will help in defining proper flow mapping, as well as to improve the accuracy of the PCB inventory. An example of the sampling routing sheets employed by our technical staff is shown in the following pages. Page 10 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report EXPERCO SAMPLING ROUTING SHEET 1. IDENTIFICATION Sample* No.: Date: 2. LOCATION Province: City: Company and/or Owner: Surrounding environment: 3. DESCRIPTION Type of material (electrical equipment and which contaminated oils; wastes; contaminated waters, soils and debris): If available, copy all of the information from the manufacturer's label: 4. STATUS Is it in use? Stored (in what conditions, surrounding equipment?) Landfilled? Is it decommissioned (e.g. PCB contaminated material?) Refurbished or regenerated material? 5. SAMPLING CONDITIONS AND PARAMETERS T(ºC): ____ Wind: _____ Rain: _____ Depth: _____ Quantity sampled: Type: fluid wipe water solids mix others: Page 11 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 6. HISTORY AND OBSERVATIONS Odour?: Appearance: Access: History from local people and/or workers: 7. ACTION Dexsil spot test? Reason for doing it: Results: For a full Test Technician initials: Supervisor initials: Page 12 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Information to Be Collected for Preliminary Survey of PCBs (List of Equipment Using Dielectric Oil) Parameters Information Name of equipment/ Type of equipment 1 MFG seria Property Number 2 Capacity 3 Manufacturers 4 Country of manufacturing 5 Year of manufacturing 6 Starting year of operation Year of maintenance Repair Overhaul 7 Maintenance Retrofil Oil replacement 8 Type of dielectric oil used 9 Estimated amount of oil in the equipment 10 Location/ Sample No. In summary, the following conclusions have been reached as a result of the five sampling schemes: 9 A total of 68 sites have been visited by Experco over three months, within the ten provinces targeted by the PCB project. To this total, 26 more sites have been added in 2008, for EVN's (and ICI sector) additional testing by the local Inventory Consultant; 9 It was impossible to collect samples in 17 of these sites for reasons that were beyond our control5. Appendix C displays reports of these sample-free visits. 9 A total of 241 samples were shipped to the laboratory for analysis (223 Dexsil's measures). With the addition of the 100 EVN samples, this adds up to 341 samples, thus averaging six samples per site. 9 Twelve of those samples contained contaminated soils; the rest consisted in contaminated oils; 9 A 78-22 % proportion (EVN versus ICI) was adhered to. 5 Examples: no access to transformers, sampling authorizations not granted, absence of required parties at the time of visits, etc. Page 13 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Finally, samples were collected in all applications with suspected PCB uses, as planned with the five sampling schemes, namely: a) imported oils b) oil-containing equipment (transformers) c) transport and trade of oil and equipment (export) d) servicing of oil-containing equipment e) storage of oil-containing equipment f) disposal of oil-containing equipment g) recycling and re-use of oil-containing equipment As described further in this report, it was difficult to track users from sectors c) and g). 3. TESTING AND SAMPLING 3.1 Testing The sampling methodology for electrical equipment was carried out in accordance with standard method ASTM # D01-91 « Testing methods for transformers containing PCBs ». This method is available online at www.astm.org/COMMIT/SUBCOMMIT/D01.htm. As far as the sampling of drums-tanks and other reservoirs is concerned, we have applied Québec's regulatory method from the MDDEP's « Guide d'échantillonnage à des fins d'analyses environnementales », cahier # 8, échantillonnage des matières dangereuses, ministère de l'Environnement et de la Faune (éd. Le Griffon d'argile, 1998, 103 pages). This sampling method enables the collection of the most representative samples (for example, by stirring the drum prior to collecting the sample). It is equivalent in numerous ways to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's method, know as Waste Analysis, EPA Guidance manual for facilities that generate, treat, store and dispose of hazardous wastes (Gvt Institutes inc., 1994, 186 pages). For contaminated soils sampling, we followed cahier # 5 « Échantillonnage des sols (2e édition, Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, 2001, 63 pages), as well as the U.S. EPA Soil sampling guide «Response engineering and analytic contract, standard operating procedures» (1988), and the « test method for evaluating solid waste », vol. 3, 1997. Safety procedures recommended by the Quebec's Occupational Health and Safety Agency (CSST)6 were followed rigorously to ensure that no PCB spoiling would occur and affect our three professionals. Consequently, all safety rules were strictly applied through the project, to protect themselves and to prevent cross-contamination risks: 6 CSST, méthodes de protection individuelles lors de la manipulation de déchets dangereux, 2000, 14 pages. Page 14 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 9 They constantly wore Tyvex suits, nitrile gloves (doubled up), impervious boots, and full face respirators. 9 Any object potentially contaminated with PCB was discarded into specific wastes containers. These 3 containers were identified with the international label for « PCB waste » and were sent to an accredited disposal sites. 9 The Tyvex suits were systematically thrown out after each visit, while gloves were replaced after each sampling event (both onsite and in the laboratory). 9 Boots and tools (wrenches, screwdrivers, etc.) were cleaned using pure cyclohexane at the end of every visit. Liquid wastes were poured into a sealed container. 9 All dedicated equipment used during the analysis have also been disposed of in the « PCB waste » container, while other instruments were cleaned out using the cyclohexane. 3.2 Samples analysis An objective of the present project was to verify if oils and contaminated soils ­ both suspected of containing PCBs ­ were in fact, hazardous waste. The international (and Canadian) standard is set at 50 ppm. Considering the large number of samples to analyze as well as the high costs associated with current GC sample analysis in Vietnam ($160/unit), in addition to issues and difficulties with getting hazardous waste samples through customs during transport to foreign laboratories, (which are three times cheaper), it was decided, to use a more economical sampling analysis method, namely the Dexsil L2000DZ Analyser by chlorine determination. This PCB detection technology was described by USEPA in their "Verification report, EPA/600/R-01/049" Clor-N-Soil test kit Dexsil Corp (EPA/600- R-951516, see Executive Summary in appendix D), as an on-site detection method suitable to the present mandate objectives. The "Dexsil test" lasts approximately 15 minutes and measures the amount of total chloride in oils. An electrochemical detection technique (ion-specific electrode instrument) allows for testing of all PCB wastes (water, oil, soil, sediment) within a concentration range varying between 0 to 4000 ppm. We also present in appendix D this screening test method for PCB in soil and the method performance (9078). This device is a field-portable instrument (7 kg, 25 x 25 cm) with a rechargeable battery. The test itself uses 5 ml of oil in the reaction tube, and works by introducing a metallic sodium ampoule, which reacts with chlorine atoms to form chloride ions. The aqueous layer is then decanted, filtered and collected. An ion-specific electrode is put into the aqueous solution to measure the potential conductivity, which is converted into the equivalent PCB concentration. The correlation conductivity, with reference laboratory data, is 0,94. The precision of this test, its accuracy and completeness were assumed to be very good for the purpose of our objective to assess the presence of PCB when concentrations exceeding 50 ppm were suspected. When results were over 50 ppm with the DEXSIL, a confirmatory GC analysis was suggested. The alternative was to consider the waste as waste containing / contaminated with PCBs without further analysis. Page 15 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Two certified oil samples with 1000 ppm of PCB "AROCHLOR 1242" have been used to verify the accuracy of readings on five samples. It was also decided that about 10% of the samples should be duplicated and shipped to Maxxam Analysis Laboratories in Montreal, for analysis with GC-MS. Objectives of these analyses were: 9 to evaluate the accuracy of DEXSIL readings for results averaging 50 ppm; 9 to proceed QA/QC from CENTEMA laboratory (at Ho Chi Minh City) for few samples; 9 to analyse samples getting above range readings with DEXSIL. The shipping of samples outside of Vietnam has been made possible with VEPA's letter of recommendation (see copy in Appendix E). Duplicate samples (25) were analysed by Maxxam Analysis Laboratories in Montreal, which is accredited by the ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs (MDDEP). The certificate regarding this accreditation is presented on their website at www.maxxamanalytics.com. Some triplicate samples were analysed by Centama laboratory, in HCMC. This laboratory has however not been nationally accredited for QA/QC. 4. PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS Table 4.0 presents a detailed summary table with the names of the site visited, type of sector, dates, number and types of samples taken, results by analytic methods (Dexsil, GC/MS) for each sample, and the teams who carried out the task7. In light of this table 4.0, we note that 221 oil samples and 12 soil samples were analysed by Experco, for a total of 233 samples. The local Inventory Consultant has collected 90 samples of oil and 10 hydraulic oil samples. A breakdown of collected samples by Experco (2007), categorized by province of origin and oil type (transformers, oil spilling, hydraulic/submersible oil, recycling oil) and identified as EVN and non- EVN (ICI) sites is shown in Appendix G. An overall review of all the results has enabled us to compile data found in table 4.1 shown hereafter. This table summarizes total chloride concentration levels measured in all oils using only the DEXSIL Analyser, and including the results of the 100 samples (2008). The table 4.2 presents the comparison of the results coming from the local Inventory Consultant in 2008 with Experco's results in 2007. 7 Appendix L.1 presents the details of all the results of our sampling campaign, carried out from May to August 2007. For the 100 EVN samples grabbed by the local Inventory Consultant, the details of the results are presented at Appendix L.2. A list of site visited with the corresponding date is presented in Appendix F. This detailed compilation in Appendix L includes the following data : - Site address (province); - Company name; - Sample type (with reference number); - Status of the sampled electronic equipment (waiting for repair, for sale, for use, in reparation, on-line, etc.); - The type of electrical equipment (capacity, manufacturer, country of origin, year of manufacturing, year of installation); - Year of the last maintenance; - Oil quantity estimate; - Measured PCB concentrations (and < or > 50 ppm ); - Comments about the equipment's historical context. Page 16 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Table 4.0 ­ Results summary table Experco's results (2007) Sector Result (ppm) Name site Type of Origin of Local # Date Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco visited EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (chloride T) 1 07/05/2007 Industrial site Confidential Hanoi X Oil Transform.-WS 12 X 2 09/05/2007 Hong Bang district Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Transform.-WO 4,78 X 3 09/05/2007 Hong Bang district Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Transform.-B 4,20 X 4 09/05/2007 Hong Bang district Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Tank-WO 6,29 X 5 09/05/2007 Hong Bang district Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Tank 17,00 X 6 09/05/2007 Hong Bang district Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X No sample Transform. No result X 7 09/05/2007 Hong Bang district Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Transform.-WR 3,02 X 8 09/05/2007 Hong Bang district Info no available Hai Phong X Oil Transform.-WO 10,90 X 9 09/05/2007 Hong Bang district Info no available Hai Phong X Oil Drum-WS 10,60 X 10 09/05/2007 Hong Bang district Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Drum-WS 32,60 X 11 09/05/2007 Hong Bang district Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Drum-WS 3,52 X 12 09/05/2007 Hong Bang district Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Drum-WU 7,67 X 13 09/05/2007 Hong Bang district Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Drum-WU 5,85 X 14 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transform.-O 35,50 <3 X 15 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transform.-O 33,70 X 16 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transform.-O 29,60 X 17 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transform.-O 5,40 X 18 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transform.-O 16,70 X 19 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transform.-R 36,10 16 X 20 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transform.-R 12,00 X 21 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transform.-R 11,70 X 22 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Tank-WU 24,00 X Page 17 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Name site Type of Origin of Local # Date Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco visited EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (chloride T) 23 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Tray 11,50 X 24 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Tray 81,10 X 25 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Pump 15,90 X 26 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Drum-WS 30,80 X 27 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Tank-WU 43,90 16 X 28 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Tank-WU 21,20 X 29 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Soil Soil 10,00 X Fail to perform 30 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Soil Soil X the test 31 10/05/2007 Giaiphong street Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Soil Soil 30,40 X Hochiminh 32 11/05/2007 Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transform.-O 17,00 X highway Hochiminh 33 11/05/2007 Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transform.-O 22,10 X highway Hochiminh 34 11/05/2007 Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transform.-O 10,00 X highway Hochiminh 35 11/05/2007 Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transform.-WO 18,20 X highway Hochiminh 36 11/05/2007 Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transform.-WO 4,45 X highway Hochiminh 37 11/05/2007 Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Tank-WF 18,10 X highway Hochiminh 38 11/05/2007 Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Tank-WF 18,70 X highway Hochiminh 39 11/05/2007 Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Drum-WU 30,80 X highway 40 11/05/2007 Info no available Info no available Hai Duong X No sample Drum-WU No result X 41 11/05/2007 Info no available Info no available Hai Duong X Oil Transform.-O 0,76 X 42 11/05/2007 Info no available Info no available Hai Duong X Oil Transform.-O 16,90 X Nguyenvancu 43 14/05/2007 Phan Xuû cî et in Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-O 4,65 X highway 44 14/05/2007 Ha Long city Phan Xuû cî et in Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-O 21,10 X 45 14/05/2007 Ha Long city Phan Xuû cî et in Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-WR 7,00 X Page 18 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Name site Type of Origin of Local # Date Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco visited EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (chloride T) 46 14/05/2007 Ha Long city Phan Xuû cî et in Quang Ninh X Oil Drum-WU 88,00 X 47 14/05/2007 Ha Long city Phan Xuû cî et in Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-B 14,30 X 48 14/05/2007 Ha Long city Phan Xuû cî et in Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-WS 8,79 X 49 14/05/2007 Ha Long city Phan Xuû cî et in Quang Ninh X Oil Tank-WU 56,90 <1 X Fail to perform 50 14/05/2007 Ha Long city Phan Xuû cî et in Quang Ninh X Soil Soil X the test 51 14/05/2007 Ha Long city Phan Xuû cî et in Quang Ninh X Soil Soil 22,50 X 52 14/05/2007 Ha Long city Phan Xuû cî et in Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-R 15,90 X 53 14/05/2007 Info no available Info no available Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-O 7,48 X 54 14/05/2007 Info no available Info no available Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-O 7,40 X 55 14/05/2007 Info no available Info no available Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-O 29,30 X 56 15/05/2007 Residential area Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transform.-O 41,00 <3 X 57 15/05/2007 Residential area Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transform.-O 19,10 X 58 15/05/2007 Residential area Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transform.-O 7,96 X 59 15/05/2007 Residential area Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transform.-O 4,78 X 60 15/05/2007 Residential area Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transform.-O 17,20 X 61 15/05/2007 Residential area Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transform.-O 16,40 X 62 15/05/2007 Residential area Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transform.-O 4,59 X 63 15/05/2007 Residential area Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transform.-O 4,90 X 64 15/05/2007 Industrial site Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transform.-WO 5,51 X 65 15/05/2007 Industrial site Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transform.-WO 5,61 X 66 15/05/2007 Station site PTC 1 Hatay X Oil Drum-WS 8,04 X Bien Hoa industrial 67 17/05/2007 PTC 4 Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WS 8,43 X park no. 2 Bien Hoa industrial 68 17/05/2007 PTC 4 Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WS 73,60 X park no. 2 Bien Hoa industrial 69 17/05/2007 PTC 4 Dong Nai X Oil Tank-WS 20,90 X park no. 2 Bien Hoa industrial 70 17/05/2007 PTC 4 Dong Nai X Oil Tank-WS 22,80 X park no. 2 Page 19 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Name site Type of Origin of Local # Date Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco visited EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (chloride T) Bien Hoa industrial 71 17/05/2007 PTC 4 Dong Nai X Soil Transform.-O 11,70 X park no. 2 Bien Hoa industrial 72 29/05/2007 PTC 4 HCM city X Oil Transform.-O 3,67 X park no. 2 Bien Hoa industrial 73 29/05/2007 PTC 4 HCM city X Oil Transform.-O 8,20 X park no. 2 74 17/05/2007 Hanoi highway Thu Duc EMC HCM city X Oil Transform.-WR 81,40 X 75 17/05/2007 Hanoi highway Thu Duc EMC HCM city X Oil Transform.-WR 62,40 X 76 17/05/2007 Hanoi highway Thu Duc EMC HCM city X Oil Transform.-WR 208,00 X 77 18/05/2007 Tan Binh district HCMC PC HCM city X Oil Transform.-O 33,00 X 78 18/05/2007 Tan Binh district HCMC PC HCM city X Oil Transform.-O 4,59 X 79 18/05/2007 Tan Binh district HCMC PC HCM city X Oil Transform.-WR 17,20 X Fail to perform 80 18/05/2007 Tan Binh district HCMC PC HCM city X Soil Soil X the test 81 18/05/2007 Tan Binh district HCMC PC HCM city X Soil Soil 6,40 X 82 18/05/2007 Tan Binh district HCMC PC HCM city X Oil Transform.-WR 8,55 X Filter system- 83 Unknown Tan Binh district Info no available HCM city X Oil 11,00 X filtering 84 Unknown Tan Binh district Info no available HCM city X Oil Drum-filtered 8,53 X 85 21/05/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WR 50,80 4 X 86 22/05/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WR 2,38 X 87 22/05/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WS 46,60 17 X 88 23/05/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WR 12,90 X 89 22/05/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WR 16,00 X 90 22/05/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Drum 17,40 X 91 22/05/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Drum 25,30 X 92 12/07/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WR 30,50 X 93 12/07/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WR 5,00 X 94 12/07/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WR 2,47 X 95 12/07/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WR 5,98 X Page 20 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Name site Type of Origin of Local # Date Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco visited EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (chloride T) 96 12/07/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WR 306,00 110 X 97 12/07/2007 Bien Hoa city Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WR 943,00 280 X 98 Unknown Bien Hoa city Unknown Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WR 12,30 X 99 Unknown Bien Hoa city Unknown Dong Nai X No sample Transform.-WR No result X Bien Hoa 100 21/05/2007 Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transforn. 33,60 X substation 101 21/05/2007 Industrial park area Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WO 5,99 X Circuit breaker- 102 22/05/2007 Industrial park area Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X No sample No result X WS 103 22/05/2007 Industrial park area Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WS 6,26 X 104 22/05/2007 Industrial park area Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WS 5,98 X 105 22/05/2007 Industrial park area Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WS 11,70 X 106 22/05/2007 Industrial park area Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WS 146,00 X 107 22/05/2007 Industrial park area Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-WS 8,14 X 108 22/05/2007 Industrial park area Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Drum-WS 4,03 X 109 22/05/2007 Industrial park area Thu Duc PP HCM city X Oil Drum-WS 6,33 X 110 22/05/2007 Industrial park area Thu Duc PP HCM city X Oil Drum-WU 15,40 X 111 23/07/2007 Industrial park area Thu Duc PP HCM city X Oil Transform.-O 767,00 X 112 23/07/2007 Industrial park area Thu Duc PP HCM city X Oil Transform.-O 4 487,00 X 113 23/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Transform.-R 13,60 X 114 23/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Transform.-WO 22,80 X 115 23/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Drum-WF 15,00 X 116 23/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Transform.-WO 12,10 X 117 Unknown Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Drum-WU 22,60 X Transform.- 118 23/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil 32,50 X WS/B Transform.- Fail to perform 119 23/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Soil X WS/B the test Circuit breaker 120 23/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil 5,19 X WS/B Page 21 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Name site Type of Origin of Local # Date Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco visited EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (chloride T) Circuit breaker 121 24/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil 25,40 X WS Circuit breaker 122 24/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil 10,10 X WS Circuit breaker 123 24/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil 15,50 X WS 124 24/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Soil Soil 5,04 X 125 24/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Transform.-WS 17,10 X 126 24/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Transform.-WS 75,80 X 127 24/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X No sample Transform.-WS No result X Fail to perform 128 24/05/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Soil Transform. X the test 129 24/05/2007 Lac Duong district Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Soil Transform.-O 13,60 X 130 24/05/2007 Lac Duong district Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Transform.-WO 37,10 8 X Phuoc Thoi 131 28/05/2007 PC2 Can Thô city X Oil Transform. 24,70 X commune Phuoc Thoi 132 28/05/2007 PC2 Can Thô city X Oil Transform. 68,20 X commune Phuoc Thoi 133 28/05/2007 PC2 Can Thô city X Oil Circuit breaker 33,20 X commune Phuoc Thoi 134 28/05/2007 PC2 Can Thô city X Oil Transform. 47,00 10 X commune 135 28/05/2007 Cultural area PC2 Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WS 64,00 X Phuoc Thoi 136 28/05/2007 Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WS 12,90 X commune Phuoc Thoi 137 28/05/2007 Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WS 21,50 X commune Phuoc Thoi 138 28/05/2007 Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WS 9,89 X commune Phuoc Thoi 139 28/05/2007 Can Thô PC Can Thô city X No sample Transform. No result X commune 140 28/05/2007 Ninh Kieu district Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WO 21,60 X 141 28/05/2007 Ninh Kieu district Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WR 20,40 X Transform. case- 142 28/05/2007 Ninh Kieu district Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil 82,20 X WU Page 22 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Name site Type of Origin of Local # Date Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco visited EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (chloride T) 143 28/05/2007 Ninh Kieu district Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil Drum-WS 34,00 X Vung Tau Circuit breaker- 144 30/05/2007 electrical branch Vung Tau PC BR-Vung Tau X Oil 12,70 X WS area 145 14/06/2007 Cam Pha town Tai Sinh ltd Co Quang Ninh X Oil Tank-WS 413,00 X 146 14/06/2007 Cam Pha town Tai Sinh ltd Co Quang Ninh X Oil Drum 47,30 <1 X Mine electric 147 15/06/2007 Residential area Quang Ninh X Oil Drum-WS 5,29 X equip. Co Mine electric 148 15/06/2007 Residential area Quang Ninh X Oil Drum-WS 6,42 X equip. Co Mine electric 149 15/06/2007 Residential area Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-WR 5,60 X equip. Co Mine electric 150 15/06/2007 Residential area Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-WO 6,24 X equip. Co Mine electric 151 15/06/2007 Residential area Quang Ninh X Oil WU 2,93 X equip. Co Mine electric 152 15/06/2007 Residential area Quang Ninh X Oil WS 13,20 X equip. Co Can Thô chemical 153 26/06/2007 Industrial area Can Thô city X Hydraulic oil Forklift truck 70,50 X & fertilizer CO Can Thô chemical 154 26/06/2007 Industrial area Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WS 18,60 X & fertilizer CO Can Thô thermal 155 27/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WR 9,26 X PP Co Can Thô thermal 156 15/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Drum-WF 13,70 X PP Co Can Thô thermal 157 27/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Tray 14,90 X PP Co Can Thô thermal 158 27/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Tank-filtering 10,40 X PP Co Can Thô thermal 159 27/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Filter system-B 8,17 X PP Co Can Thô thermal 160 27/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WR 20,70 X PP Co Can Thô thermal 161 27/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WR 14,30 X PP Co Can Thô thermal 162 27/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WO 15,00 X PP Co Page 23 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Name site Type of Origin of Local # Date Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco visited EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (chloride T) Can Thô thermal 163 27/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WR 5,78 X PP Co Can Thô thermal 164 27/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-O 13,60 X PP Co Can Thô thermal 165 Unknown Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-O 52,10 2 X PP Co Can Thô thermal 166 27/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-O 18,10 X PP Co Can Thô thermal 167 27/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-O 8,43 X PP Co Can Thô thermal 168 27/06/2007 Industrial park area Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-O 12,80 X PP Co Can Thô water supply and Transform.- Fail to perform 169 26/06/2007 Hau River bank Can Thô city X Oil X sanitation Works breakdown the test Co Can Thô water Submersible supply and 170 04/07/2007 Residential area HCM city X Oil pump 4 155,00 <1 X sanitation Works breakdown Co Private pump Submersible 171 22/07/2007 Residential area HCM city X Oil 96,90 X services shop pump-WU Private pump 172 22/07/2007 Residential area HCM city X Oil WU 117,00 X services shop 173 04/07/2007 Bien Hoa city Thibidi Dong Nai X Oil Filter system-O 6,55 X 174 04/07/2007 Bien Hoa city Thibidi Dong Nai X Oil WS 10,11 X 175 04/07/2007 Bien Hoa city Thibidi Dong Nai X Oil WU 7,75 X 176 04/07/2007 Bien Hoa city Thibidi Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-B 11,10 X 177 12/07/2007 Plant area Sawaco HCM city X Oil Drum 5 262,00 X Fail to perform 178 12/07/2007 Plant area Sawaco HCM city X Oil Drum X the test 179 12/07/2007 Plant area Sawaco HCM city X Oil Drum 4 380 X 180 12/07/2007 Plant area Sawaco HCM city X Oil Drum 4 446 X 181 12/07/2007 Plant area Sawaco HCM city X Oil Drum 4 809 X Fail to perform 182 12/07/2007 Plant area Sawaco HCM city X Oil Drum X the test Page 24 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Name site Type of Origin of Local # Date Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco visited EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (chloride T) 183 13/07/2007 Residential area Electric const. Co Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-R 4,42 X 184 13/07/2007 Hong Phong street Can Thô Port Can Thô city X Hydraulic Oil Forklift truck-R 117,00 X Fail to perform 185 13/07/2007 Hong Phong street Can Thô Port Can Thô city X Hydraulic Oil Crane truck-O X the test Fail to perform 186 13/07/2007 Hong Phong street Can Thô Port Can Thô city X Hydraulic Oil Bucket-WS X the test Dai Loi Oil Fail to perform 187 13/07/2007 Industrial park Can Thô city X Oil Drum X recycling Co the test Dai Loi Oil 188 13/07/2007 Industrial park Can Thô city X Oil Tank-WS 106,00 X recycling Co Dai Loi Oil 189 13/07/2007 Industrial park Can Thô city X Oil Tank-WF 12,80 X recycling Co 190 13/07/2007 Industrial park Power Water Co Can Thô city X Oil Tank-WU 11,20 X 191 13/07/2007 Residential area Can Thô EMC Can Thô city X Oil Drum-WS 8,30 X 192 13/07/2007 Residential area Can Thô EMC Can Thô city X Oil Drum-WF 7,44 X 193 13/07/2007 Residential area Can Thô EMC Can Thô city X Oil Drum-WU 13,50 X 194 16/07/2007 Vinh Cuu district Tri An Hydro PP Dong Nai X Oil Tank-WU 40,10 <1 X 195 16/07/2007 Vinh Cuu district Tri An Hydro PP Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-O 6,70 X 196 16/07/2007 Vinh Cuu district Tri An Hydro PP Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-O 7,47 X Turbin of 197 16/07/2007 Vinh Cuu district Tri An Hydro PP Dong Nai X Hydraulic Oil 41,80 <1 X generator-O 198 16/07/2007 Vinh Cuu district Tri An Hydro PP Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-O 1,91 X 199 16/07/2007 Vinh Cuu district Tri An Hydro PP Dong Nai X Oil Tank-WS 45,40 <1 X 200 17/07/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Transform.-WO 16,30 X 201 17/07/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Transform.-WR 26,20 X 202 17/07/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Transform.-R 14,00 X 203 17/07/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Transform.-R 11,50 X 204 17/07/2007 Residential area Lam Dong PC Lam Dong X Oil Transform.-R 16,00 X 205 18/07/2007 Residential area PC2 BR-Vung Tau X Oil Transform.-WS 20,40 X 206 18/07/2007 Residential area PC2 BR-Vung Tau X Oil Transform.-WS 37,90 13 X Page 25 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Name site Type of Origin of Local # Date Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco visited EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (chloride T) 207 18/07/2007 Residential area PC2 BR-Vung Tau X Oil Transform.-WS 44,70 22 X 208 18/07/2007 Residential area PC2 BR-Vung Tau X Oil Transform.-WS 8,15 X 209 18/07/2007 Residential area PC2 BR-Vung Tau X Oil Transform.-WS 2,20 X 210 18/07/2007 Residential area Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WR 2,38 X 211 18/07/2007 Residential area Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WR 7,35 X 212 18/07/2007 Residential area Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WR 7,16 X 213 18/07/2007 Residential area Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WR 1,80 X 214 18/07/2007 Residential area Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WR 3,67 X 215 18/07/2007 Residential area Can Thô PC Can Thô city X Oil Transform.-WR 14,50 X Da Nhim Hydro Lam Dong and 216 17/07/2007 Phan Rang district X Oil Tank-WU 37,00 13 X PP Ninh Thuan Da Nhim Hydro Lam Dong and 217 17/07/2007 Phan Rang district X Oil Transform.-WS 4 075,00 X PP Ninh Thuan Da Nhim Hydro Lam Dong and 218 17/07/2007 Phan Rang district X Oil Transform.-B 58,80 14 X PP Ninh Thuan 219 17/07/2007 Industrial park area Bien Hoa Steel Co Dong Nai X Oil Transform.-O 90,10 X Ha Tien cement 220 23/07/2007 Industrial area HCM city X Oil Transform.-R 18,50 X factory 221 23/07/2007 Industrial area Thu Duc Steel Co HCM city X No sample Transform.-B No result X Toan Thang 222 23/07/2007 Industrial area recycling oil HCM city X Oil WS 227,00 <1 X factory Thang loi textile 223 24/07/2007 Industrial area HCM city X Oil Transform.-B 27,20 X Co Milestone no.6 224 27/07/2007 Exploitation area Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-R 14,30 X coal mining Co Milestone no.6 225 27/07/2007 Exploitation area Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-B 20,20 X coal mining Co Milestone no.6 226 27/07/2007 Exploitation area Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-B 12,70 X coal mining Co Coa son coal Mine 227 27/07/2007 Exploitation area Quang Ninh X Oil Transform.-B 16,80 X Co Coa son coal Mine 228 27/07/2007 Exploitation area Quang Ninh X Oil Drum-WU 9,80 X Co Page 26 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Name site Type of Origin of Local # Date Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco visited EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (chloride T) Coa son coal Mine Circuit breaker- 229 27/07/2007 Exploitation area Quang Ninh X Oil 14,20 X Co B Gia Lam train Nguyen Vau Cu 230 02/08/2007 building Hanoi X Oil Transform.-WR 14,50 X street mechanical Co Nam Dinh Textile 231 01/08/2007 Residential area Nam Dinh X Oil Transform.-B 46,60 19 X Co Nam Dinh Textile 232 01/08/2007 Residential area Nam Dinh X Oil Transform.-WR 8,99 X Co 233 09/08/2007 Dông Anh district Dong Anh EEMC Hanoi X Oil Tank 30,80 X 234 09/08/2007 Dông Anh district Dong Anh EEMC Hanoi X Oil Tray 25,50 X 235 09/08/2007 Dông Anh district Dong Anh EEMC Hanoi X Oil Tray 28,30 X 236 09/08/2007 Industrial area Dong Anh EEMC Hanoi X Oil Tray 2,72 X 237 09/08/2007 Unknown Dong Anh EEMC Hanoi X Oil Tray 13,10 X 238 09/08/2007 Dông Anh district Dong Anh EEMC Hanoi X Oil Filter system 24,90 X 239 09/08/2007 Unknown Dong Anh EEMC Hanoi X Oil Filter system 17,90 X 240 09/08/2007 Unknown Dong Anh EEMC Hanoi X Oil Drum 69,30 18 X PC2 Electrical test 241 14/08/2007 Phan Dang street HCM city X Oil Transform.-WO 13,80 X center * WR = waiting for repair; WO = waiting for online; WS = waiting for sale; B = backup, WU = waiting for use, O = online; R = repairing; WF = waiting for filter Page 27 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Local Consultant's results (2008) Sector Result (ppm) Type of Origin of Local # Name site visited Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (Chloride T) Fail to perform 1 Power Supply Company Viet Xo Petro Baria Vung Tau X Hydraulic Oil Info no available X the test Fail to perform 2 Power Supply Company Viet Xo Petro Baria Vung Tau X Hydraulic Oil Info no available X the test 3 Electric Mechanic Co. Viet Xo Petro Baria Vung Tau X Oil Transformer-O 18,20 X 4 Electric Mechanic Co. Viet Xo Petro Baria Vung Tau X Oil Transformer-O 13,40 X 5 Electric Mechanic Co. Viet Xo Petro Baria Vung Tau X Oil Transformer-O 17,20 X 6 Electric Mechanic Co. Viet Xo Petro Baria Vung Tau X Oil Transformer-O 4,43 X 7 Electric Mechanic Co. Viet Xo Petro Baria Vung Tau X Oil Transformer-O 6,87 X 8 Electric Mechanic Co. Viet Xo Petro Baria Vung Tau X Oil Transformer-O 8,84 X 9 Electric Mechanic Co. Viet Xo Petro Baria Vung Tau X Oil Transformer-O 6,88 X Industrial Equipment Fail to perform 10 Viet Xo Petro Baria Vung Tau X Hydraulic Oil Info no available X Workshop the test Industrial Equipment 11 Viet Xo Petro Baria Vung Tau X Hydraulic Oil Machine-tool-O 24,20 X Workshop Tan Thuan Export Process 12 Substation 3 HCMC X Oil Transformer-O 6,29 X Zone EPZ 13 Substation 4 Tan Thuan EPZ HCMC X Oil Transformer-O 6,72 X 14 Substation 1 Tan Thuan EPZ HCMC X Oil Transformer-O 4,69 X 15 Substation 7 Tan Thuan EPZ HCMC X Oil Transformer-O 2,43 X 16 Hoa xa Substation T3 Tan Thuan EPZ HCMC X Oil Transformer-O 7,06 X 17 Info no available Thu Duc PC branch HCMC X Oil Transformer-B 10,40 X 18 Info no available Thu Duc PC branch HCMC X Oil Transformer-B 21,45 X 19 Info no available Thu Duc PC branch HCMC X Oil Transformer-B 7,20 X 20 Info no available Thu Duc PC branch HCMC X Oil Transformer-O 13,60 X 21 Info no available Thu Duc PC branch HCMC X Oil Transformer-O 5,43 X 22 Info no available Thu Duc PC branch HCMC X Oil Transformer-O 16,70 X Note: Inspection dates unknown. Page 28 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Type of Origin of Local # Name site visited Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (Chloride T) HCMC Electric Test 23 HCMC PC? Or PC2? HCMC X Oil Transformer-R 67,60 X Center/ETC Quang Hiep Hydro Power 24 Duc Trong District Lam Dong X Oil Transformer-O 63,70 X Plant 25 HCMC PC? Or PC2? HCMC ETC HCMC X Oil Transformer-R 11,30 X 26 HCMC PC? Or PC2? HCMC ETC HCMC X Oil Transformer-R 68,50 X Fail to perform 27 HCMC PC? Or PC2? HCMC ETC HCMC X Oil Transformer-R X the test Ba Queo 110kV 28 High Voltage Center HCMC X Oil Transformer-O 55,20 X Substation Fail to perform 29 HCMC PC? Or PC2? HCMC ETC HCMC X Oil Transformer-R X the test Fail to perform 30 HCMC PC? Or PC2? HCMC ETC HCMC X Oil Transformer-R X the test Fail to perform 31 Tan Mai Paper MFG Dong Nai X Hydraulic Oil Info no available X the test 32 HCMC PC? Or PC2? HCMC ETC HCMC X Oil Transformer-R 19,50 X 33 HCMC PC? Or PC2? HCMC ETC HCMC X Oil Transformer-R 84,90 X 34 HCMC PC? Or PC2? HCMC ETC HCMC X Oil Transformer-R 5,24 X 35 Cho lon 110kV substation High Voltage Center HCMC X Oil Transformer-O 22,80 X 36 T2 Transformer Tan Mai Paper MFG Dong Nai X Oil Transformer-O 39,40 X Fail to perform 37 Unknown Tan Mai Paper MFG Dong Nai X Oil Transformer-O X the test 38 Unknown HCMC ETC HCMC X Oil Transformer-R 40,70 X 39 Unknown Tan Mai Paper MFG Dong Nai X Oil Transformer-O 7,83 X 40 Unknown Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transformer-B 165,00 X 41 Unknown Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transformer-B 27,30 X 42 Unknown Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transformer-B 32,90 X 43 Unknown Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transformer-B 3,96 X 44 Unknown Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transformer-WS 13,30 X 45 Unknown Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transformer-WS 7,16 X Note: Inspection dates unknown. Page 29 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Type of Origin of Local # Name site visited Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (Chloride T) 46 Unknown Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transformer-B 3,75 X 47 Unknown Dong Nai PC Dong Nai X Oil Transformer-B 9,92 X 48 Unknown Can Tho PC Can Tho X Oil Transformer 4,57 X 49 Unknown Can Tho PC Can Tho X Oil Transformer 48,00 X 50 Unknown Can Tho PC Can Tho X Oil Transformer 87,20 X TG Nghia Tan ve Cau 51 Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transformer-WR 12,90 X Gianh 52 Tu dung bom Huu Bi Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transformer-O 23,30 X 53 Tram Bom Huu Bi T1 Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transformer-O 24,90 X 54 Tram Bom Huu Bi T2 Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transformer-O 17,20 X 55 TG Kenh Gia T2 Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transformer-O 86,50 X 56 Tu dung Kenh Gia Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transformer-O 165,00 X 57 Kien An Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Tank-O 81,10 X 58 Ky son Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Transformer-O 14,60 X 59 Cau Tre Substation 1 Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Transformer-O 16,80 X 60 Dong Xuyen Ngoai Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Transformer-O 37,20 X 61 Kien An Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Transformer-O 5,47 X 62 Tram Cho Rong Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transformer-O 46,50 X 63 Tram Bom Vinh Tri T1 Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transformer-O 34,20 X 64 Tram Bom Coc thanh T1 Nam Dinh PC Nam Dinh X Oil Transformer-O 36,60 X Hydraulic press- 65 XCD Dong A Manufatory Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Hydraulic Oil 24,80 X O 66 Cam River Hai Phong PC Hai Phong X Oil Transformer-O 5,69 X 67 Hiep Le II Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transformer-O 30,50 X 68 Thanh Mien Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transformer-O 4,02 X 69 Nam Sach Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transformer-O 43,00 X Note: Inspection dates unknown. Page 30 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Type of Origin of Local # Name site visited Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (Chloride T) 70 Cong Le Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transformer-O 4,46 X 71 TTG Ghe, Cam Binh Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transformer-O 9,29 X 72 Nghia An Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transformer-O 8,59 X Ba nu Substation, Thanh 73 Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transformer-O 10,20 X Ha 74 My Dong Substation Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transformer-O 23,40 X 75 Hiep Le 1, Ninh Giang Hai Duong PC Hai Duong X Oil Transformer-O 9,48 X A1 Thanh Cong 76 Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transformer-O 3,90 X Substation 77 Substation CP90 Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transformer-O 10,00 X 78 Textile May 19 Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transformer-O 13,70 X Military General Staff 79 Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transformer-O 109,00 X Substation Circuit Breaker- 80 Unknown Uong Bi Thermal Power Plant Quang Ninh X Oil 46,70 X O Fail to perform 81 Unknown EMC Cam Pha TKV Quang Ninh X Hydraulic Oil Compressor-O X the test 82 Unknown EMC Cam Pha TKV Quang Ninh X Hydraulic Oil Compressor-O 46,40 X Circuit Breaker- 83 Unknown Ha Lam Coal Mines Co. Quang Ninh X Oil 10,00 X B 110kV substation E52 84 Quang Ninh PC? Quang Ninh X? Oil Transformer-O 3,15 X Giap Khau, Ha Long Milestone No.6 Coal Mines 85 Ha Long? Cam Pha? Quang Ninh X Oil Transformer-WO 5,01 X Co. 86 Workshop QuangNinh PC Quang Ninh X Oil Transformer-WO 30,80 X 87 Unknown EMC Cam Pha TKV Quang Ninh X Oil Transformer-WS 3,67 X 88 Substation T2 Giap Khau Quang Ninh PC? Quang Ninh X? Oil Transformer-O 26,00 X 89 Unknown Uong Bi Thermal Power Plant Quang Ninh X Oil Transformer-O 26,70 X 90 Unknown Pha lai Thermal Power plant Hai Duong X Oil Transformer-O 8,05 X 91 Unknown Pha lai Thermal Power plant Hai Duong X Oil Transformer-O 3,16 X 92 Unknown Pha lai Thermal Power plant Hai Duong X Oil Transformer-O 7,04 X Note: Inspection dates unknown. Page 31 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sector Result (ppm) Type of Origin of Local # Name site visited Name of cie Province Non Dexsil Experco EVN sample sample GC/MS consultant EVN (Chloride T) Mai Dong 220KVA 93 Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transformer-B 21,20 X Substation 94 Thanh Tri Kim Khi Center Hanoi X Oil Transformer-O 94,30 X 95 Unknown Agriculture University No.1 Hanoi X Oil Transformer-O 3,76 X Giao Tat Pumper 96 Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transformer-O 4,83 X Substation 97 Phan Lan Co. Substation Hanoi PC Hanoi X Oil Transformer-O 12,70 X Electric equipement and 98 Unknown Hanoi X Hydraulic Oil Shaper-O 70,40 X Material Co. Measure Center of 99 Hanoi PC? Hanoi X Oil Transformer-O 11,50 X Vietnam Electric equipment and Fail to perform 100 Unknown Hanoi X Hydraulic Oil Compressor-O X Material Co. the test * WR = waiting for repair; WO = waiting for online; WS = waiting for sale; B = backup, WU = waiting for use, O = online; R = repairing; WF = waiting for filter Note: Inspection dates unknown. Page 32 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Table 4.1 ­ Experco's compilation results (2007) and local Consultant (2008) EVN Sites (42)* Non-EVN sites (43)* Pure > 50 ppm > 50 ppm # samples # samples Pure PCB PCB Dexsil** Dexsil** Transformers on-line 74 1 7 23 0 3 for maintenance 77 0 9 22 0 3 for disposal 25 1 4 1 - 1 Drum tanks for maintenance 15 0 2 7 0 3 for sale 12 0 0 3 0 0 PCB storage - - - 4 4 0 to burn - - - 1 0 1 Filtering system 8 0 1 2 0 1 Other equipments and soils 32 0 1 12 - - Total 258 2 24 75 4 12 * 46 EVN sites and 48 ICI sites have been visited. However, 9 sites have not been sampled. ** Dexsil's results are in term of total chloride concentration. For soils contaminated by oil spills, of the twelve samples collected, only seven could be analysed using the Dexsil method. Some analysis constraints occurred with Dexsil specific reactants. For these seven analysed samples, total chloride concentrations ranged from 5 to 30 ppm. It should be noted that Canadian standards for residential soils are set at 5 ppm, while commercial and industrial sites should not exceed 50 ppm. It should be noted that, of the ten circuit breaker samples, none showed a concentration exceeding 50 ppm. Of the ten hydraulic oil samples8, only one exceeds 50 ppm, while three submersible pump oil samples had high PCB concentrations. Finally, of the five recycled oil samples analysed, four had higher concentrations than 50 ppm. Table 4.2 and figure 4.1 clearly show that after the period ranging from 1980 to 1984, no oil exceeding 50 ppm of total chloride concentration were found in transformer and concentrations have progressively decreased until 2005. 8 The hydraulic oil samples (3) of the local Inventory Consultant were unfeasible to analyse by Dexsil. Page 33 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Table 4.2 ­ Local Consultant's results (2008) and comparison with Experco (2007) EVN Sites (14) Non-EVN sites (20) > 50 ppm* > 50 ppm* # samples % # samples % Dexsil Dexsil Transformers on-line 36 5 13,9 22 2 9,1 for maintenance 17 2 11,8 6 2 33,3 for disposal 2 0 -- 1 1 100 Drum tanks for maintenance -- -- -- 1 1 100 Other equipments 15 1 6,7 -- -- -- Total (local 70 8 11,4 % 30 6 20 % Consultant) Total (Experco) 156 18 11,5 % 33 10 30,3 % * Concentration of total chloride. We can observe that the ratio of contaminated samples (>50 ppm of total chloride) are the same for both Experco (2007) and the local Consultant (2008), 11.4 % as shown above, althought the VN Consultant have gotten samples from selected on-line equipments. Concerning the non-EVN sites, the percentages are also nearly the same (20 vs 30 %), considering the low correlation between the actual results by CG-MS and Dexil's concentrations. No duplicate has been done by CG-MS on the 100 samples grabbed by the local Consultant. Page 34 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Figure 4.1 ­ Total chloride concentrations in transformer oils between 1985 - 2005 * Total chloride concentrations Page 35 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Table 4.3 ­ Percentage of contaminated transformers ­ period of manufacturing Period of Number of samples Pure PCB > 50 ppm * % manufacturing 1956-1959 8 0 2 25 1960-1964 14 1 2 21 1965-1969 14 0 2 14 1970-1974 34 1 6 29 1975-1979 21 1 3 19 1980-1984 16 0 2 13 1985-1989 20 0 0 0 1990-1994 12 0 0 0 1995-1999 14 0 0 0 2000-2005 14 0 2 14 unknown 45 0 6 13 Total 212 3 25 13 * Total chloride concentrations. Result of PCB analysis are presented in Appendix G and sorted by the country of origin and year of manufacturing. 4.1 Reliability of Dexsil As previously mentioned, we have performed five analyses with an official standard9 in order to evaluate accuracy and precision of this analytical equipment. Results of these tests are shown hereafter, in Table 4.4. Table 4.4 - 50 ppm calibration test Number 1 2 3 4 5 Result 80 81 80 70 86 9 This official measurement standard was provided by Maxxam Analysis Laboratories, Montréal, and is used in the calibration of their GC-MS device, as per Québec government's accreditation requirements. Label from this standard is also presented in Appendix H. Page 36 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Analytical results obtained with the DEXSIL equipment always exceed the true concentration. If we consider the objectives of the project, we have to underline that the DEXSIL is providing frequently false positive, but no false negative. This inaccuracy is compensated by a relatively good precision level where all concentrations approximate 75 ppm. Some facts may explain this trend. Results obtained by gas chromatograph ­ mass spectra (GC-MS) from Montreal's Maxxam Analytic Laboratory were useful to understand this overestimation from the Dexsil. Certificates of analysis from this Quebec accredited Laboratory for 25 samples are presented in Appendix H. These results from triplicate samples were compared with results from the DEXSIL equipment, and for few samples, were compared with results from Centema Laboratory, in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), in Vietnam. Table 4.5 ­ Comparison of results from DEXSIL equipment, MAXXAM and CENTEMA laboratories Sample Type No.* Type Original site Maxxam Dexsil Centema No. Aroclor Nam Dinh PC Workshop, Cau 14 03-01 Transformer Oil Gianh <3 35.5 -- -- 19 03-06 Transformer Oil Nam Dinh PC Workshop 16 36.1 -- 1254 1242 27 03-14 Transformer Oil Nam Dinh PC Workshop 16 43.9 -- 1254 Quang Ninh PC, Ha Long City, 49 06-07 Transformer Oil Quang Ninh Province <1 59.9 <1 -- Hanoi PC, on line T3 transformer at 56 08-01 Transformer Oil Thuong Dinh substation <3 41 -- -- Dongnai PC, Material storage and 1242 85 13-01 Transformer Oil workshop, Bien Hoa City 4 50.8 -- 1254 Dongnai PC, Material storage and 1254 87 13-03 Transformer Oil workshop, Bien Hoa City 17 46.6 -- 1260 High Voltage Team, South Voltage 1254 134 22-04 Transformer Oil Company, PC2, Can Tho City 10 47 -- 1260 Tra Noc-Can Tho Thermal Power 165 28-11 Transformer Oil Plant, Online transformer 2T BQ 2 52.1 -- 1260 Tri An Hydro Power Plant, filtered 194 38-01 Transformer Oil oil for re-used in small transformer <1 40.1 -- -- Tri An Hydro power Plant, Turbin 197 38-04 Lubricant Oil H1 MHY <1 41.8 -- -- Tri An Hydro Power Plant, waste 199 38-06 Transformer Oil oil collected since 1989 <1 45.4 -- -- Da Nhim Hydro Power Plant, Lam 218 40-03 Transformer Oil Dong and Ninh Thuan Provinces 14 58.8 -- 1254 Suoi Vang Hydro Power Plant, Lam 1254 130 21-02 Transformer Oil Dong Province 8 37.1 -- 1260 Da Nhim Hydro Power Plant, Lam 216 40-01 Transformer Oil Dong and Ninh Thuan Provinces 13 37 -- 1254 1242 207 39-08 Transformer Oil Vung Tau Provinces 22 44.7 -- 1254 1260 Page 37 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Sample Type No.* Type Original site Maxxam Dexsil Centema No. Aroclor Ba Ria Vung Tau PC, Vung Tau 1242 206 39-07 Transformer Oil Branch storage 13 37.9 -- 1254 260 Nam Dinh Textile Co., Nam Dinh 231 49-01 Transformer Oil Province 19 46.6 <1 1254 Waste Oil before Recycling Oil Factory, Quang Ning 146 25-02 Province <1 47.3 -- -- distilling Toan Thang Oil Recycler, District 222 44-01 Distilled Oil 9, Hochiminh City <1 227 -- -- Submersible Ground water pump workshpop, 170 30-01 District 10, Hochiminh City <1 4155 -- -- pump Oil -- 34-01 Hydraulic Oil From Forklift truck in Can Tho Port <1 117 -- -- 1254 240 50-08 Transformer Oil Dong Anh EMC, Hanoi 18 69 -- 1260 Dongnai PC, Material strorage and 96 13-12 Transformer Oil workshop, Bien Hoa City 110 306 <1 1260 Dongnai PC, Material storage and 97 13-13 Transformer Oil workshop, Bien Hoa City 280 943 -- 1260 * Those numbers (no) are related to the numbers listed in Appendix L.1. The four main findings are the following: 9 Results from DEXSIL equipment are constantly at least two times higher than results from Maxxam Analytical laboratory. The most similar results come from sample 39-08, where DEXSIL equipment gives a concentration of about 44 ppm, and Maxxam Laboratory gives a result of 22 ppm. For other comparison, we have to underline the fact the total chloride concentrations as measured by DEXSIL may come from other source than PCB. 9 Two results of Centema laboratory (on three) differ clearly from Maxxam's laboratory result. Centema's laboratory certificates do not show quality control analysis using standard calibration rules. 9 The Dexsil device can be used as a preliminary investigation tool to screen potential presence of PCB in a sample. This device however is not suitable to determine with accuracy and precision which samples exceeds the 50 ppm standard. The only reliable analysis method which wil achieve this goal for oil, water or soil samples would GC-MS analysis. 9 Finally, the observed difference between Maxxam and Centema result shows that QA/QC procedures (Quality assurance/Quality control) are essential. Otherwise, no official, governmental or national laboratory quality control accreditation may be granted. Reasons that explain the Dexsil's false-positive results are the following: 9 The measured chloride may comes from chlorinated compounds other than the PCBs. For instance, it is well known that trichlorobenzene (3Cl.B) and tetrachlorobenzene (7Cl.B) were added with PCBs for insulating oil in transformers. Other chlorinated solvents may have been used also for cleaning purposes in the year 1980's for instance, and mixed afterwards in oil due to reused containers, or by other means. Page 38 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 9 Other types pf chlorinated compounds may also be chloride based additives. These additives are still used in oil and in cutting fluid (ie.: Material Safety Data Sheet for a cutting fluid containing these types of additives is shown at www.sunnysidecorp.com/metal_working_oils.htm). If such additives are present in the sample, it will interfere positively with the DEXSIL analysis. It is also possible that other chlorinated products may interfere with Aroclor compounds typically found in PCBs. For example, halogenated solvents used as cleaning or oil dissolving agents. These solvents may have also been mixed with PCB contaminated oils in drums, barrels or other storage tanks. In conclusion, results obtained by GC-MS demonstrated that the DEXSIL results are always overestimating the content of PCB in a sample. Furthermore, the potential presence of other types of chlorinated compounds may represent an additional significant positive interference. According to these finding, the DEXSIL equipment should be used strictly only as a screening tool. Confirmatory analysis by GC-MS should be always required to determine if a sample exceeds the standard of 50 PPM of PCBs. 5. FLOW MAPPING The following page shows the general flow chart of PCBs in Vietnam. Flow charts for each province are enclosed in Appendix I. The general flow chart allows us to understand fate of BCPs in Vietnam and their introduction into the recycled oils network (what happened, how, where and why (4W-h)). Page 39 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Figure 5.1 - General PCB flow chart Page 40 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report This flow chart shows main steps involving PCBs in Vietnam: 1. Electrical equipment (transformers, circuit breakers) are put out of service for internal or external technical evaluation. 2. Following an evaluation of the equipment's condition and of oil quality (ref.: S. Myers & Al, Transformer maintenance Guide, TMI, 2004), a decision is taken by maintenance personnel in terms of disposal, sale of repair of the equipment. 3. If disposal is selected, oils are drained (or not) and equipments are reused or sold on the market (see list of consignees, foot note on figure 5.1). 4. If a decision is made to extend the electrical equipment's life span, a laboratory evaluation of oil quality is performed in order to identify proper oil management. 5. A wide range of alternatives are available for oil management: reuse, treatment (or not), recycling (or not), onsite storage (or not) dilution and mixing with other oil types (or not), external services regeneration, use for combustion purposes (or not) or final disposal. Highlighted on the flow chart: 9 Locations or methods involving environmental contamination of dispersion of PCBs (in red); 9 Locations or methods where PCB dilution is possible (in blue). 5.1 Tracking the oil recyclers or end users We have tried during the project to track some major unauthorized oil recyclers or end users of used oils within the free market. A list of companies was found with difficulty. The objective of this effort was to visit some sites and to verify BCPs. Unfortunately, the list doesn't include civic addresses. After a significant amount of effort, we succeed to meet few managers responsible of used oil « dispatching ». Meetings were held in their offices. We have not been able to visit, or even locate a recycling shop, a storage facility or a used oil transfer centres. Therefore, no used oil samples were collected by our team. The presented flow chart map out the realistic fate of PCB contaminated equipment and PCB contaminated oil in Vietnam. These results are interpreted and discussed further in the following section. 6. RESULTS INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION According with results obtained, we observe these different items: ABOUT THE INVESTIGATION AND SAMPLING OF PCB DONE BY EXPERCO IN 2007: 9 Protocols elaborated by Experco have enabled us to produce, test and amend the flowsheet sampling in order to improve the investigation of PCB use in different sectors (EVN power, ICI). These protocols are therefore valid and could be adjusted by the local firm who will perform the 2007-208 national inventory. Page 41 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 9 The results have enabled us to evaluate and quantify total chloride and PCB concentrations from the « PCB National Survey and assessment » (MONROE & VEPA, National POPs project office, Hanoï, Novembre 2005), which only noted « suspected equipments » or « Non suspected equipments », without further analysis. 9 The number of visits performed in each of the ten provinces concerned by the TORs (in fact, we have visited 66 sites within 12 provinces) is important and results give a coarse estimate of the situation in Vietnam regarding PCBs. A considerable effort has been undertaken to collect representative samples in representative sites during this study. However since the access of some unauthorized sites has not been possible, since the collection of oil in some equipment or in some storage units were not always possible at some site, we have to interpret the global picture pictures of our results with some caution. 9 More than 2/3 or the sampling was carried out within EVN's Power sector while 1/3 took place within the ICI sector and according to the 5 proposed schemes for different types of applications, users and type of contaminated substrate (oil and soil). 9 Certain types of electrical equipment were not sampled for work health and safety reasons and because destructive tests could not be performed safely to avoid further contamination (e.g. capacitors). 9 Finally, difficulties with authorizations from MONROE-VEPA to visit ICIs (and to finish our work with 100 EVN on line transformers), have impacted our work schedules and deadlines. However, our work planning has been set efficiently, our traveling has been optimized and objectives of the study have been met. ABOUT THE ANALYSIS OF PCB Hereafter, Figure 6.1 shows the linear regression curve between GC-MS and Dexsil results for oil samples10. Figure 6.1 ­ Correlation between GC-MS and Dexsil results for insulating oils in transformers 10 Samples # 20, 21 and 22 were excluded as they do not contain transformer oils, which was confirmed by the absence of PCBs (< 1 with GC), but concentrations of 117, 227 and 4155 ppm were measured with the Dexsil Analyser for hydraulic and other oils. Page 42 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report Statistical analysis shows that there is no correlation (R < 0.30) between both types of results. We have to underline however that Dexsil results are consistently false-positives. Dexsil's high results for sample containing no PCBs (as some hydraulic oil, oil in submersible pumps and recycled oils) show that this analytical equipment is not suitable to confirm the presence or the absence of PCB in a sample. This analytical equipment should be used only as a screening tool. ABOUT THE FLOW MAPPING 9 Most of transformers manufactured before 1985 and suspected of being contaminated with PCBs are in fact, not contaminated. According to our results, only 4% of these transformers contain « PURE PCB ». These electrical equipments never got a oil replacement. 9 According to Dexsil results, about 20% of these transformers contain mineral oils with PCBs exceeding 50 ppm (in fact total chloride concentration). After verifying these false-positive results with Maxxam's GC, the actual percentage may be averaged to 5%. 9 If no maintenance records are available, it is impossible to differentiate an old contaminated PCB unit from an old unit that is not contaminated by PCBs. 9 The ratio of contaminated units seems higher at non EVN sites. 9 Furthermore, EVN transformers manufactured before 1985 have been impacted by a major upgrade of the electrical transmission network in Vietnam; Indeed since 2000, hundreds of transformers per province have been upgraded from 15 KV to 22 KV in order to optimize transmission of electricity over long distances. It is likely that this national effort resulted in major maintenance work for many of these transformers. We suspect that numerous « Pure PCB » transformers have been emptied of their insulating liquids and retrofilled with new oil since 2000. It is reasonable to believe that this effort results in the "dilution" of a large amount of « Pure PCB » insulating oil. 9 Transformers manufactured after 1985 may contain mineral oil also contaminated with PCB. According to our results, none of these transformers have been identified to contain more than 50 ppm (in term of total chloride). However, results for some units were near 50 ppm. These concentrations come from cross-contamination during maintenance, more particularly during the filtering process. It is likely that some units have concentrations exceeding 50 ppm as a result of the maintenance operations, but the ratio has not been determined in the actual study. 9 According to the « Transformer maintenance Guide » by SD Myers ­ Transformer Maintenance institute, various studies have demonstrated that in 1965, a transformer (in the USA) had an average life span of 22 years, but in 1988, transformers (in the USA) had an average life expectancy of only 11 years. So older transformers are over-built and last longer than newer models, since newer models are generally smaller, with less modulation and tighter tolerance. It is well know that an adequate monitoring program for transformers may help increase life expectancy to as many as 50 years. In Vietnam, during the investigation, most electrical engineers gave an estimate of 30 to 40 years for the life span of a transformer. So contrary to other western countries, Vietnam's electrical engineers know that a liquid insulation monitoring program with help to increase life expectancy. Page 43 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 9 Liquid insulation replacement in transformer is then a current practice in Vietnam. Thus a lot of old transformers are upgraded in Vietnam with old shell units. 9 The PCB ban occurred in 1978. Our flow mapping was conducted almost 30 years later. It is therefore logical to assume that a majority of old transformers have been drained and that their used oils have been disposed of, somehow, within the recyclers network or used for energy purposes. 9 Since most of electrical units (including transformers) have no maintenance records in Vietnam, it was impossible for us to identify efficiently on site which unit was potentially contaminated, and to track easily the PCBs fate until the oil recyclers or the end users. 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMANDATIONS FOR THE NATIONAL INVENTORY Our main conclusions and recommendations are as follows: 1. The main issue for the local Consultant that will perform the national inventory will be to identify rapidly which equipment and which liquid storage units are potentially PCB contaminated. This investigative work requires much experience and must begin in maintenance workshops. When a transformer is sent to these workshop to be repaired, an oil sample should be analyzed with Dexsil. If the result is higher than 50 ppm, a sample must then be sent to a laboratory in order to verify the actual PCB concentration with a GC-MS. If the result is higher than 50 ppm, the unit should be stored in accordance with international guidelines. This type of analysis must be performed before any oil treatment (filtering, dewatering, etc.) is performed. 2. All contaminated transformers or insulating liquids must be traceable and data analysis must be recorded efficiently. 3. For non-EVN or ICI sites, the analysis of liquid insulation in transformers as well as labelling of contaminated units should be enforced for transformer owners in Vietnam, for all units manufactured before 1985 or if the year of manufacturing is unknown. 4. For non-EVN workshops, and in order to avoid potential reuse of transformer oil for purposes other than as insulating liquids, managers need to broadcast information on PCB contaminated units. Alteration of labels on PCB contaminated units should be strictly prohibited. When a transformer is remanufactured, all labels should remain on the equipment, so that original manufacturing details are still available. 5. For the Dexsil, we suggest that this analytical equipment being use only as a screening tool for insulating oil. For types of oil, (hydraulic, cutting fluids, submersible pump, recycling, etc.) and since the Dexsil measures the amount of total chloride in the oil, it would be more efficient to send samples directly to a laboratory for a GC-MS analysis, in spite of higher costs and longer period of time for the analyses. Page 44 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 6. The actualized 2007-2008 PCB quantity inventory (> 50 ppm) based on guidelines from the PCB National Survey of November 2005 (which consist in « suspected of containing PCB » or « non suspected »), should instead be based on the protocols and sampling schemes proposed in the present report. The criteria from the decision making grid used in 2005 are not reliable enough. It is better to perform an exhaustive characterization of all stored oils to properly identify actual PCB quantities found throughout Vietnam. 8. TRAINING AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER Enclosed in Appendix H are copies of the Powerpoint presentation used during workshop on August 8th 2007. Also enclosed are copies of the training courses given to VEPA representatives (session #1, 9/08/2007) during a visit of Dong Anh EMC plant, and to governmental representatives during session # 2, at site location PC2-ETC. The objectives of these 2 training sessions were to share our experiences and lessons learned during the sampling and testing activities, discuss problems encountered during our investigative work and with the tracking of used or recycled oils as well as reefs to avoid during the upcoming 2007-2008 inventory. These two training sessions were successful and have enabled us to efficiently transfer our technological knowledge and to improve the country's sampling and testing capacity. 9. PCB MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES Our project's final objective is to make our main recommendations to the World Bank concerning a better ecological and rational management of PCBs, following our findings and observations as a result of the 68 visits made throughout Vietnam's 12 provinces. Considering that our mandate consisted solely in PCB sampling, testing and mapping, we will not address other issues, which have already been addressed by other Canadian and Swiss consultants. 9.1 About occupational health and safety 9 Personal protective equipment used by workers at electrical maintenance shop are generally deficient in Vietnam. PCB contamination risks are high for these workers, and some may get already significant body burden. 9 Local governmental offices should enforce these personal protective equipment in these electrical maintenance shop, in accordance with OSHA Guidelines available at, http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_viii/otm_viii_1.html. 9 We also recommend blood testing for all employees who have been working closely and in contact with electrical equipment and PCB contaminated oils. For example, our staff member André Tartre was subjected to blood analysis upon his return in Québec. The PCB concentration in his blood was 2.4 ug/L, twice lower than the safe threshold (5ug-l). Enclosed in Appendix J is the certificate of analysis for this test. Such testing costs $350 in a Québec laboratory. Page 45 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 9.2 About the dispersion of PCB into the environment 9 Methods used for decommissioning of electrical equipment, dielectric oil drainage, transhipment into storage containers, transfers throughout oil treatment systems, storage into tanks and drums, used oils transport should be improved in Vietnam. PCB contamination risks of receiving mediums (water, soil) are very high. 9 We recommend the improvement of working techniques through the application of basic environmental protection guidelines, in order to reduce risks of PCB dispersion and diffused pollution to the environment. For example, oil drums must be stored on an airtight platform, shielded from weather stressors; soils contaminated as a result of spills or leaks should be excavated and characterized; solvents used for cleaning transformers' metallic surfaces must be recycled. Furthermore, a lot of numerous deviations from best practices of hazardous waste management procedures were observed during our site visits. 9 We recommend that managers consult the following guides in order to improve these practices: 1. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Guidelines for the management of waste containing PCBs, CCME-TS/WM-TRE008, Manual EPS 9/HA/1, Sept 1985, 55 p. (www.ec.gc.ca/wmd-dgd). This manual recommends environmentally sound practices for the management of wastes containing PCBs. It is intended as a guide to the consistent development of good practices in the private and public sectors for the decommissioning, decontamination, storage, transportation, disposal, labelling, record-keeping, and emergency preparedness for both PCB- contaminated equipment and containers, and solid and liquid wastes. 2. Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound management (ESM) of waste consisting of, containing or contaminated with PCBs, PCTs or PBBs; Basel Convention's technical guidelines, Draft unedited Version: 7 April 2006, K0580433 220305, 19 pages. This document provides more detailed information on the nature and occurrences of PCBs for purposes of their identification and management. The chapter IV presents good guidance on ESM about the way in which to perform inventories, samplings, analyses and monitoring, as well as the handling, collection, packaging, labelling, transportation and storage of PCBs. 9.3 About the National PCB inventory We recommend that the firm mandated with actualizing the 2005 national inventory using our report's conclusions, also refer to the Canadian method of compiling PCB containing matters that are utilized or stored in various storage facilities throughout Canada. A copy of the summarized 2005 inventory is available online at www.ec.gc.ca/wmd-dgd/ Page 46 Consulting Services for GEF PCB Management and Disposal Demonstration Project Sampling, Testing and Mapping of PCB Inventory and Contamination Final Report 9.4 About the PCB detection All EVN subsidiaries visited by our mission have no PCB detection capacity, neither they have the laboratory services to do the PCB analysis at an affordable cost. We recommend to buy many kit test Dexsil analysers and oil reagents for all the main maintenance/repair workshops in Vietnam, in order to check the PCB concentration of the old transformer oil before taking the right decision and to choose the best management practice. We also recommend to improve the QA/QC program of commercial laboratories. Page 47