43182 v6 ,,, . , - , , ­- . - , . - . " , , . . - , .,- , ". , , "--, .,- , ,....-- , , ..." VI VI . , " ", "", . ", , .,- ". . , - « » www.ifc.org/rcgp CGPRussia@ifc.org (seco) www.mac.doc.gov/ggp (EVD) VI (seco) (EVD) IFC_part_6_rus.indd 1 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 23.09.2004 14:04:23 23.09.2004 14:04:23 334.754 65.290 61 61 : 6 . -- .: «- », 2004. . 6: VI. . . -- 2004 . -- 365 . ISBN 5-9614-0086-7 , - . , , , - . , - , . - , , , , - . , . 334.754 65.290 . , (,,- ,),- , . © (International Finance Corporation), , 2004 2121 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20433, United States of America ISBN 5-9614- 0086-7 © « », , 2004 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 2 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 23.09.2004 14:04:24 23.09.2004 14:04:24 !.................................................................................................................5 I. ....................7 1. ...........................................................8 2. ...........................................................................13 3. ....................................................................47 4. .......................63 5. .............................................................83 II. ............................................................93 6. .............................95 7. .........................123 8. ............................................................................131 9. ...............................................................139 10. ..................................................147 11. ..............155 12. ...............167 13. ..................175 14. ...183 15. .................197 16. ...............205 17. ....209 18. « » ..............213 III. ............................................217 19. .......219 20. ....................253 21. .............................................................................261 22. , ......263 23. , ....265 24. .............................................................................267 3 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 3 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 23.09.2004 14:04:24 23.09.2004 14:04:24 IV. ............271 25. ..........273 26. ...................289 27. .....................299 28. ......................309 29. ....................329 30. - ...................................................................................... 343 4 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 4 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 23.09.2004 14:04:24 23.09.2004 14:04:24 ! - - . - ( ), - , . - : · ; · ; · 25 - , - («- »); · 50 ; · ; · ; · ; · ; · - , ; · ; · (), () 2% - , () ; · - ; · ; · , , . 5 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 5 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 23.09.2004 14:04:24 23.09.2004 14:04:24 - , - , ( - , () ), - . () - , . . , , , - . , , - . - . () , , () - . , « » . , , - , . - - , . 6 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 6 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 23.09.2004 14:04:24 23.09.2004 14:04:24 I IFC_part_6_rus.indd 7 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 23.09.2004 14:04:25 23.09.2004 14:04:25 - - - - - - - - . ). , 4. , ( ) . ( - - - - - ). - ( . , . , 3. , 1 , , - - - - - . - - / ( , . . 2. , , , , ) . - - - - - - - , . , , , 1. . . , . .I 8 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 8 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 23.09.2004 14:04:25 23.09.2004 14:04:25 1. - - - - - - - - - ( - ). 25% , . , . . , . ) , , ( - - - , - - ( - - - - ( . ) , 6 . ). . ). ( - - . - - - - , - - . - . . ) , , . 4 , . ( , . . . . 25% . / .II 9 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 9 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 23.09.2004 14:04:25 23.09.2004 14:04:25 - - - - - - , 4. ). ( . . - - - - - ) - - - () , , . ( . . 3. . . , - - - - . . - () , . . . 2. , - () . 1. . . )( / .II 10 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 10 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 10 23.09.2004 14:04:25 23.09.2004 14:04:25 1. - - - - - . - , - . - . . , . . , 5 . . - - - () - . - . , , . . . . , () . - - . - . - , . ; - - , ; , . . , : 4 ; -- -- -- -- (50%+1). - - . - - - - , . . : ), , , . . , ( . . .III 11 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 11 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 11 23.09.2004 14:04:26 23.09.2004 14:04:26 . - - - - - - ( 4. , . . , . ). - - - - - - - - - - - - , . , . ( . . , 3. 60 ), . - - - - - - . . . , . 2. . . - - - - - - . , . 1. ) . , . ( , -- . . .VI 12 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 12 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 12 23.09.2004 14:04:26 23.09.2004 14:04:26 2 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «______________________» . _________________ 200 __ . 13 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 13 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 13 23.09.2004 14:04:26 23.09.2004 14:04:26 1. ...............................................................14 2. ......................15 3. ....................15 4. , ..........16 5. ; .......................18 6. ..............................................21 7. ................................................21 8. ................................................................29 9. .......................................38 10. ....................................................42 11. ............................................43 12. .....................................................44 13. ..............................................................46 1. 1.1. «______________» ( -- - ) _________________[ , ] ________________________ []. 1.2. ( -- - ), , - « », « » - , - (). - ( -- ). 1.3. , . 14 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 14 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 14 23.09.2004 14:04:26 23.09.2004 14:04:26 2. 2. 2.1. : 2.1.1. «__________________» ( ); 2.1.2. Open Joint Stock Company ___________________ ( ). 2.2. : 2.2.1. «____________________» ( ); 2.2.2. ____________________ OJSC ( ). 2.3. - : ______________________________. - . , , . 2.4. [ ], [ ]: __ _______________1. 3. 3.1. ____________, ________________, _______________________, - . 3.2. , - 3.1 , - : 3.2.1. ___________________________; 3.2.2. ___________________________; 1 6 5 « » 208- 26 - 1995 . ( -- ) - . , () , , - . 15 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 15 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 15 23.09.2004 14:04:26 23.09.2004 14:04:26 3.2.3. ___________________________; 3.2.4. ___________________________; 3.2.5. , - . 4. , 4.1. ( -- ) - , (), ________________ [] (______________________) [] [ ________________ [- ] (______________) [] - 2]. 4.2. . ______________ [] (_________ []) _________ [] (___________ []) , ________ [] (___________[- ]) A _________ [] (___________[]) ____ ____ [] (___________[]) _________ [] (___________ []) , - 100% ( ) . 4.3. - _________ [] (___________[]) ___ ______ [] (___________[]) 3, ________ [- 2 , , - . 3. 1 27 . . - , - . 16 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 16 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 16 23.09.2004 14:04:27 23.09.2004 14:04:27 2. ] (___________[]) A - _________ [] (___________[]) , ________ [] (___________[]) - _________ [] (___________[]) ( -- - [, , - ]), , - [ - ]4. 4.4. , - , : 4.4.1. - 5. - , , - . (- ), - (5%) (); 4.4.2. 6 : 4.4.2.1. ; 4. . . , . 5. 27.1 « » 39- 22 1996 . ( -- ). . - , . 6. 2 28 6 1 48 . . ( 2 12 2 28), . - . 17 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 17 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 17 23.09.2004 14:04:27 23.09.2004 14:04:27 4.4.2.2. - [ ]7. 4.5. - , . 4.6. , , , . 4.7. , , - . - . 4.8. ___ [] (___ _______________) [] 8. 4.9. _____ [] (___________[]) , 4.8 9. 5. ; 5.1. - . 7 ( 2 27), , , () , . - . , 25% (. 6 28 ). 8 ( 1 35) , 5 . , , . 9 ( 1 35) , 5 - . 18 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 18 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 18 23.09.2004 14:04:27 23.09.2004 14:04:27 2. 10 - , - . 5.2. - -- - . - , . 5.2.1. A11 - - 12 - - . 5.2.2. ____ [] (___________ []) , - ____ [] (___________ [- ]) - 13. 5.2.3. - 10 « -- » - . 11 , A . ( 3 32) - , . , - , () , , . . 12 , - . . 13 , (): , . ( 2.1.3 9), 60 . 19 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 19 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 19 23.09.2004 14:04:27 23.09.2004 14:04:27 ( - ). 5.2.4. A ____ [] (___________ []) - 14. 5.2.5. ____ [] (___________ []) , . 5.2.6. 15 - - - . 5.2.7. - ____ [] (___________ []) , - ____ [] (___________ []) 16. 5.2.8. ____ [] (___________ []) . 5.2.9. - ____ [] (___________ []) , . 14 , (, - , , - ). 15 . 16 ( 2 32), - , - . 20 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 20 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 20 23.09.2004 14:04:27 23.09.2004 14:04:27 2. 5.3. 17 - . 5.4. , , , . ____________ [] (_______ ____ []) 18. 5.5. 19. 5.6. - - 20. 6. 6.1. : 6.1.1. ; 6.1.2. ; 6.1.3. ; 6.1.4. . 7. 7.1. - . 17 , - ( 81­84 ), - ( 93 ), ( 67 139 ). 18 . - , , ( 4 42) - , 60 . ( 2.1.3 9), 60 . 19 ( 1 42) , . ( 2.1.4 9) , - . 20. 3 9 . 21 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 21 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 21 23.09.2004 14:04:27 23.09.2004 14:04:27 7.2. ______ [- 1 30 ]. 7.3. , , - . 7.4. , 21. 7.5. - , - . 7.6. - , . 7.7. , , - , : 7.7.1. - ; 7.7.2. ; 7.7.3. - ; 7.7.4. , - ; 7.7.5. ( ); 7.7.6. - 22; 21 ( 1 3 58) - ( ). 500 . ( 2.3 2) , - 20 . 22 ( 4 66), - , - , , . 22 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 22 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 22 23.09.2004 14:04:28 23.09.2004 14:04:28 2. 7.7.7. 23; 7.7.8. ; 7.7.9. ; 7.7.10. ; 7.7.11. ; 7.7.12. , , , - ; 7.7.13. - , , , ; 7.7.14. ; 7.7.15. 24; 7.7.16. - 25; 7.7.17. ; 7.7.18. , ( , ); 7.7.19. ; 7.7.20. , , ; 23. 1 3 66 . - (. 8.2 ), - . 24, , (. 5 49 ). 25. 2 1 56 . , - , . -- - 500 . 23 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 23 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 23 23.09.2004 14:04:28 23.09.2004 14:04:28 7.7.21. , , - ; 7.7.22. , , , - « »; 7.7.23. , , - 26; 7.7.24. , - ; 7.7.25. , - - , - ; 7.7.26. - - - . 7.8. , , ¾ ( ) , : 7.8.1. - ; 7.8.2. ; 7.8.3. ; 7.8.4. - ; 7.8.5. , , () , , , ; 26 ( 2 80) - , 30 -- 1000. . 24 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 24 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 24 23.09.2004 14:04:28 23.09.2004 14:04:28 2. 7.8.6. , , 50 ; 7.8.7. , « »27; 7.8.8. 28; 7.8.9. , , - 29; 7.8.10. , 25 - , - 30; 7.8.11. , - , 25 31. 7.9. - , -- , , 32: 7.9.1. ¾ ( ) -- - (), - ; 27 ( 72, 1) , . . 28. 3 39 . , . 29. . , . 30. 1 4 39 . , . 31. 2 4 39 . , . 32. . , . 25 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 25 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 25 23.09.2004 14:04:28 23.09.2004 14:04:28 7.9.2. ¾ ( ) -- - , . 7.10. , 7.7.9, 7.7.12­7.7.13, 7.8.2­7.8.4 , . 7.11. , 7.7.1­ 7.7.2, 7.7.11, 7.7.18­7.7.19, 7.7.21­7.7.22, 7.7.25, 7.8.6­7.8.8, 7.8.10 , 33. 7.12. , , - . 7.13. , 34 - 35 , (: () __ _______________ [ ], ______________ [- ] _____________ [ - ]), _____ [] (___________ []) 36. 33 . 34 ( 1.7 2) - , . 35 ( 1 52) , , . , , , - , . ( 1.1.4 2) - , . 36 ( 1 52) , 20 - ; 30 , ; 50 - - . ( 1.1.1 2) 30 . 26 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 26 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 26 23.09.2004 14:04:28 23.09.2004 14:04:28 2. - . 7.14. ()37: 7.14.1. ; 7.14.2. - ; 7.14.3. ; 7.14.4. , , ; 7.14.5. , , ; 7.14.6. , - ; 7.14.7. , - ; 7.14.8. ; 7.14.9. ; 7.14.10. , , , - , - ; 7.14.11. 38; 7.14.12. , - 39; 7.14.13. (), (- ) - . 37 ( 3 52) (), - () . ( 1.3.1 2) . 38 ( 1.3.1 2). 39 ( 1.3.3 2). 27 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 27 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 27 23.09.2004 14:04:28 23.09.2004 14:04:28 7.15. , , , - - . 7.16. , , - (): 7.16.1. , - ; 7.16.2. - ; 7.16.3. ( ) , , . 7.17. , - (): 7.17.1. , , - , - ; 7.17.2. , , 3 () - , - 3 () ; 7.17.3. , . 7.18. (), , , - 28 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 28 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 28 23.09.2004 14:04:28 23.09.2004 14:04:28 2. , 40. 7.19. () , , - , 41. 8. 8.1. , () , , . 8.2. ______ [] (___________ [- ]) 42, , - . 8.3. : 8.3.1. - ; 8.3.2. - 43; 8.3.3. - , , , ; 8.3.4. (), () - 40 ( 1.1.3 2) , . 41. 2.1.4 2 . 42 ( 2.2.3 3) , - 3 . 43. 1.1 3 . 29 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 29 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 29 23.09.2004 14:04:29 23.09.2004 14:04:29 , 44; 8.3.5. ; 8.3.6. - ; 8.3.7. - ( , , ) ; 8.3.8. , - , , - (); 8.3.9. , - , ; 8.3.10. , ; 8.3.11. , - , () , - , - - ; 8.3.12. 45; 8.3.13. () ; 8.3.14. , - , - ; 44. 1.4.1 3 . 45. 2.1 5 . 30 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 30 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 30 23.09.2004 14:04:29 23.09.2004 14:04:29 2. 8.3.15. () - ; 8.3.16. () - ; 8.3.17. ( ); 8.3.18. - ( ); 8.3.19. , - , , , - - ; 8.3.20. , ; 8.3.21. - - ; 8.3.22. ; 8.3.23. - , - ; 8.3.24. ; 8.3.25. (), - - , (); 8.3.26. ; 8.3.27. () , ; 8.3.28. - - ; 31 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 31 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 31 23.09.2004 14:04:29 23.09.2004 14:04:29 8.3.29. , - ; 8.3.30. - ; 8.3.31. ; 8.3.32. , - , 46; 8.3.33. , - ; 8.3.34. , - ; 8.3.35. ; 8.3.36. ( - ); 8.3.37. - ; 8.3.38. , - , 25 50 - 47; 8.3.39. , , - [10%]48 - ; 8.3.40. , - - ; 46 - . 47 ( 78) , , . 48. 1.1.3 4 . 32 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 32 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 32 23.09.2004 14:04:29 23.09.2004 14:04:29 2. 8.3.41. - - - ; 8.3.42. , ; 8.3.43. ; 8.3.44. ; 8.3.45. - ; 8.3.46. - ; 8.3.47. , - - - , ; 8.3.48. , - - ( ); 8.3.49. , - . 8.4. , , . 8.5. - - . 8.6. - : 8.6.1. ; 8.6.2. ; 8.6.3. ; 8.6.4. ; 8.6.5. ; 8.6.6. ; 33 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 33 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 33 23.09.2004 14:04:29 23.09.2004 14:04:29 8.6.7. (), () 2 49. 8.7. _____ [] (___________ []) - 50. 8.8. ___ - [] (___________ []) , , 51. 8.9. - , , . 8.10. : 8.10.1. ; 8.10.2. . 8.11. ¾ ( ) , : 8.11.1. ; 49 ( 4.13 3) , - , 2 , , . 50 ( 2 68) , - . ( 4.14 3) - , . 51 ( 3 68) , , , . - . 34 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 34 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 34 23.09.2004 14:04:29 23.09.2004 14:04:29 2. 8.11.2. - . 8.12. , , , 52. 8.13. - [ ]. 8.14. - , - 53. 8.15. - 54. 8.16. - 55: 8.16.1. (), - ; 8.16.2. ; 8.16.3. , ; 8.16.4. , - ; 8.16.5. ; 52. 2 3 83 . -- 1000 . -- 1000 - , , . 53 ( 1 68), . - ( 4.3.2 3). 54. 4.3.1 3 . 55. 2.3.1 3 . 35 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 35 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 35 23.09.2004 14:04:29 23.09.2004 14:04:29 8.16.6. , - ; 8.16.7. () - ; 8.16.8. ; 8.16.9. ; 8.16.10. , ; 8.16.11. , . 8.17. - 56: 8.17.1. ___________________________; 8.17.2. ___________________________; 8.17.3. ___________________________. 8.18. . 8.19. : 8.19.1. ; 8.19.2. ; 8.19.3. , - ; 8.19.4. , - , , , - - ; 8.19.5. - , - 56. 1.4.2 3 . , , , .. 36 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 36 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 36 23.09.2004 14:04:30 23.09.2004 14:04:30 2. , , - ; 8.19.6. - , - . 8.20. - , , , - ( ) - 57: 8.20.1. - () - ; 8.20.2. - , ; 8.20.3. - () ( - ); 8.20.4. - ; 8.20.5. , - - ( ) 10 , - - ; 57. 2.2.2 3 . . « » 18. 37 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 37 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 37 23.09.2004 14:04:30 23.09.2004 14:04:30 8.20.6. - ( , - - 10 ); 8.20.7. - . 8.21. , - . 8.22. , 58. 9. 9.1. - : 9.1.1. ; 9.1.2. 59. - - . 9.2. - , , , . 9.3. , - , , - . - 58, , - . 59 ( 3 69), , - . 38 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 38 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 38 23.09.2004 14:04:30 23.09.2004 14:04:30 2. , . - . 9.4. . 9.5. ____ [] (___________ []) - . 9.6. - , , . 9.7. _____ [] (___________ []) 60. 9.8. - . 9.9. : 9.9.1. ; 9.9.2. ; 9.9.3. , - ; 9.9.4. , - , , ; 9.9.5. ___________________________; 9.9.6. ___________________________. 9.10. : 9.10.1. ( - ), , 5 () , 60 - 3­5 . 39 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 39 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 39 23.09.2004 14:04:30 23.09.2004 14:04:30 - ; 9.10.2. , , - ; 9.10.3. , - ; 9.10.4. - ; 9.10.5. ___________________________; 9.10.6. ___________________________; 9.10.7. , - , - . 9.11. - . 9.12. - , . 9.13. ¾ ( ) , : 9.13.1. ___________________________; 9.13.2. ___________________________; 9.13.3. ___________________________. 9.14. , : 9.14.1. ___________________________; 9.14.2. ___________________________; 9.14.3. ___________________________. 40 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 40 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 40 23.09.2004 14:04:30 23.09.2004 14:04:30 2. 9.15. , - , . 9.16. : 9.16.1. ; 9.16.2. ; 9.16.3. - ; 9.16.4. , - , , , - ; 9.16.5. - , - , , ; 9.16.6. , - . 9.19. : 9.17.1. - ; 9.17.2. ; 9.17.3. - - , ; 9.17.4. - ; 41 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 41 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 41 23.09.2004 14:04:30 23.09.2004 14:04:30 9.17.5. - 61. 9.18. - : 9.18.1. 62; 9.18.2. , - , , ; 9.18.3. ; 9.18.4. , . 10. 10.1. 63. 10.2. - . 10.3. 64: 10.3.1. , ; 10.3.2. ; 10.3.3. ; 10.3.4. , - . 61. 3.1.2 3 . 62. 2.1.3 4 . 63. 5 . 64. 1 5 . 42 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 42 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 42 23.09.2004 14:04:30 23.09.2004 14:04:30 2. 10.4. 65: 10.4.1. ___________________________; 10.4.2. ___________________________; 10.4.3. ___________________________. 10.5. - , , 66. 10.6. , 67. 11. 11.1. - . 11.2. _____ [] (___________ [- ]) . 11.3. - , . 11.4. : 11.4.1. -- - ; 11.4.2. -- , () 10 , ; 11.4.3. - ; 65. 2.2.1 5 . , , .. 66. 1.6.1 5 . 67. 2.1 5 . 43 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 43 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 43 23.09.2004 14:04:31 23.09.2004 14:04:31 11.4.4. ; 11.4.5. , - , ; 11.4.6. ; 11.4.7. ; 11.4.8. ,- , ; 11.4.9. , ; 11.4.10. ; 11.4.11. ; 11.4.12. ___________________________; 11.4.13. ___________________________; 11.4.14. - , - . 11.5. . 11.6. , . 12. 12.1. 68: 12.1.1. ; 12.1.2. ; 68 , - , , - . - , - . (. 29 ) 3.6 , , 17/ 31 2002 . 44 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 44 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 44 23.09.2004 14:04:31 23.09.2004 14:04:31 2. 12.1.3. ; 12.1.4. ; 12.1.5. ; 12.1.6. , ; 12.1.7. , , - , ; 12.1.8. , - , - , ; 12.1.9. , , - , , , ; 12.1.10. , - - , ; 12.1.11. , - , , - , ; 12.1.12. ; 12.1.13. 12.1.14. ___________________________; 12.1.15. ___________________________; 12.1.16. , - . 12.2. , - 69. 69. 3.3.8 7 . 45 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 45 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 45 23.09.2004 14:04:31 23.09.2004 14:04:31 13. 13.1. ( - ) - : 13.1.1. , ; 13.1.2. , , ; 13.1.3. ; 13.1.4. () (- ) ; 13.1.5. ; 13.1.6. ; 13.1.7. ; 13.1.8. ; 13.1.9. , - ; 13.1.10. , - , , , ; 13.1.11. - () , ; 13.1.12. , , - ; 13.1.13. , ; 13.1.14. , - . 13.2. - . 46 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 46 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 46 23.09.2004 14:04:31 23.09.2004 14:04:31 2.2 1.1 2.3 2.4 2.1, . - - . 7) : ». 1 [ [ [ [ - : ( _______ ]; ]. ]; ]». , ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ 3 « «1. 1.1. 1.2. 2. 2.1. 2.2. , 11) 11) . . 6 3 2) 6) 3 11) . 11) . 5, . . . . . 3 7 5 3 4 3 . 6 . . (. (. (. . (. 1 2 (. (. 1. 2. 70 - ) , ( ) ( , 70 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 47 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 47 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 47 23.09.2004 14:04:31 23.09.2004 14:04:31 4.1 4.8 4.9 4.2 4.5 4.6 ». - - , 5 5 ». . , ». .» . . ] , , , « « « « [ 27) 72) . . 98) 11) 35) 35) 1 1 72) 72) 35) 32) . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 1 1 11 3 29 2 4 2 (. (. (. (. (. (. (. (. . , . 3 1 (. (. - - 3. , , ), ( , ) ( 2.4. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6. 3.7. 3.8. 3.9. 48 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 48 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 48 23.09.2004 14:04:31 23.09.2004 14:04:31 3. 5.2 4.3 5.1, , , - . , , « , , . , . ». , « », ; 39) 27) 12) . . . 37) 27) 27) 33) 34) 34) 2 1 4 . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 1 2 7 11 11 (. (. (. (. (. (. . . 2 . 3 3 (. (. (. ( - ) , ( - , - - - 4. (« , -- ) , , , ( ) ») 3.10. 3.11. 3.12. 3.13. 3.14. 3.15. 3.16. 4.1. 4.2. 49 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 49 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 49 23.09.2004 14:04:32 23.09.2004 14:04:32 5.4 5.2.2 5.2.1 5.2.3 , - - - - - - - - - ». , () , . , ». 60 , ». , . , . . : ___________________; ___________________; ___________________». « ____ « ______ , « 1. 2. 3. « 9) , 11) 32) 32) 32) 42) 42), . . . . . . 3 2 2 2 2 4 (. (. (. (. (. 2.1.3 (. (. - , - - - - - , () ) , ( , , , 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6. 4.7. 4.8. 50 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 50 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 50 23.09.2004 14:04:32 23.09.2004 14:04:32 3. 5.6 7.8 7.5, 7.2 7.13 7.13 7.7­7.8 7.10­7.19 . 48) . 14­19 6, 2, 1, (. 2) 2) , 9) , 11) 11) 11) 47) 52) , 49) . . . . . . 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 1.1.3 1.1.4 (. (. (. (. (. (. (. (. (. 5. - - - - - - - - - - - - , , , , 4.9. 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. 5.7. 5.8. 51 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 51 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 51 23.09.2004 14:04:32 23.09.2004 14:04:32 7.13 7.14­7.17 7.14­7.17 - , 60) . 2 (. . . . 2) 2) , , 49) 32) 39) 52) 52), . . . . . 5 4 3­4 1 3 (. (. (. (. 1.3.1 1.3.1 (. (. (. - - - - - - - - - , - , - - - - , , -- , -- , , 25 ), , , , , ) ) , ( ¾( ¾( , , , , -- , 25 5.9. 5.10. 5.11. 5.12. 5.13. 5.14. 52 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 52 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 52 23.09.2004 14:04:32 23.09.2004 14:04:32 3. 7.6 7.14.11 - - - - , - - , - - , - - , ». ]5 ), ), ), ] 30 [ ] 70 _______ [ ), ________ ». [ ( ( ( 2 2 , 10 _______ ( ». ». _______ « , « « « 2) 2) 2) , , , 3.8) 53) 53) 53) (. . . . 1 2 2 1.3.1 17/ 1.3.5 1.6.1 (. (. (. (. (. (. - - - - - - - - - - ) 30 c ( 70 , ), , , , , ( 5.15. 5.16. 5.17. 5.18. 5.19. 5.20. 5.21. 53 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 53 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 53 23.09.2004 14:04:33 23.09.2004 14:04:33 ]2 - - - - - - - - - - ] - - , [ 40 ], [ , , [ ». [ ______________ ________ ____________ -- 500 1000». , ____________ ] 30 [ [ _____________________ ». ), ». ]». ] ________ . « ». « 70 « « ( , ». « « « ____________ 55) 3.8) 55) 58) 60) 60) 60) (. . . . . . . 3 3 3 2 2 2 (. (. 17/ (. (. (. (. - - - - - - - , , 500 70 500 40 , , , -- , 30 , 1000 , 5.22. 5.23. 5.24. 5.25. 5.26. 5.27. 5.28. 54 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 54 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 54 23.09.2004 14:04:33 23.09.2004 14:04:33 3. 8.3 7.19 8.1, 8.3.30 8.10­8.11 - - - - , . ». ». « « 2) 2) , 2) , , 3) 11), 11) 28) 33) 33) . . . . . 3 2 2 2 2.3 3 2.1.4 2.4.2 (. 1.5 (. (. (. (. (. 6. (. (. (. - - - - , - - - - ) , , , 30 , ( , , , , 500 , , , 20 5.29. 5.30. 5.31. 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 55 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 55 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 55 23.09.2004 14:04:33 23.09.2004 14:04:33 8.16 8.2 - - - - - - - - ) - - . ». ( -- , , , _____ , 50 . . ____ . . ». . « « 8) , , 3) 53) 64) 66) 67) 67) 67) . . . . . . 4 1 3 1 1 2 (. 4.14 (. (. 2.2.2 (. (. (. (. (. - - - - - -- , , , , , , , , , 6.6. 6.7. 6.8. 6.9. 6.10. 6.11. 6.12. 6.13. 56 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 56 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 56 23.09.2004 14:04:34 23.09.2004 14:04:34 3. 8.11 8.7 8.6 8.14 8.7 8.6 8.10, - , - - - - - , , . - , ». , , . . . , ) , ( « 68), 3) , 3) , 68) 68) . , 1 68) 3) 68) 68) (. . . . . . 1 1 2 3 3 4.15 (. (. 4.3.2 (. 4.13 (. (. (. (. (. - , - - - , , ), , , , , ( 2 , 6.14. 6.15. 6.16. 6.17. 6.18. 6.19. 6.20. 6.21. 57 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 57 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 57 23.09.2004 14:04:34 23.09.2004 14:04:34 8.15 8.17 8.3.9 - - . ( » . ), « . 3 , , 2.2.2 3) 3) 3) 3) 3) 3) 3) , , 68) , , 69), , , , . . 1 4 4.3.1 (. 1.2.1 (. 1.4.1 1.4.3 2.1.3 2.2.3 2.2.4 (. (. (. (. (. (. (. - - - - - - - ) - , ( , ( , , , , , - ) 6.22. 6.23. 6.24. 6.25. 6.26. 6.27. 6.28. 6.29. 58 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 58 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 58 23.09.2004 14:04:34 23.09.2004 14:04:34 3. 9.15 8.16 8.19 8.22 9.2 9.16 8.3.4 9.14, - ». , , « 3) 3) 3) 4) , , , 11) 69) 69) 69) 69) . . . . . 3 1 4 4 4 2.3.1 3.1.1 4.7.1 (. (. (. (. (. 1.1.1 (. (. (. (. 7. , - - - - - - - (- , ) 6.30. 6.31. 6.32. 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.4. 7.5. 7.6. 59 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 59 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 59 23.09.2004 14:04:35 23.09.2004 14:04:35 9.17 9.1.2 9.1.2, 9.18­9.19 - - - . . . 3; 4; , 4) 4) 4) 4) 4) 4) , , , , , 70) . 2 (. 1.4.2 2.1.1 2.1.8 (. . . 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.6 2.1.9 3.1.1 (. (. (. (. (. - - , - - - - - - - - ( , , , ) , , , ( , , ) ) , , ( 7.7. 7.8. 7.9. 7.10. 7.11. 7.12. 7.13. 60 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 60 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 60 23.09.2004 14:04:35 23.09.2004 14:04:35 3. 10.6 10.5 10.4 10.3, 5) 5) 4) , , , , 6) , 6) 78), 81) . . 1 1 2.1.1 1.6.1 2.2.1 1.1 (. (. 2.4 (. (. (. (. (. 8. - - - - , , 9. ), , , 30 , ( , 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 9.1. 9.2. 9.3. 61 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 61 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 61 23.09.2004 14:04:35 23.09.2004 14:04:35 11.1 11.4 . 8) 8) , , 80) 85) 85) . . . 2 1 2 (. (. (. 1.1.1 1.3.2 (. (. - - ), 10. -- - ( 30 , , 9.4. 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 62 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 62 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 62 23.09.2004 14:04:35 23.09.2004 14:04:35 4 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «______________________» . _________________ 200 __ . 63 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 63 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 63 23.09.2004 14:04:35 23.09.2004 14:04:35 ................................................................................................64 .......................................................................65 I. ...............66 1. ....................................................................66 2. ......................................................67 3. ..................................68 4. ......................68 II. ........................................................69 1. .................................................................................69 2. .....................................................................73 3. ; .......................................76 III. ....................................................................76 1. ..............................................................77 2. ( ) ..................78 3. , ........79 4. ........................................................................79 IV. ....................................79 1. .................................79 2. .......................................................................80 3. ........................................80 4. .....................................................................................81 5. .....................................................................82 ( -- ) ___________ ( -- ), - 64 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 64 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 64 23.09.2004 14:04:35 23.09.2004 14:04:35 4. - . : · - , - ; · - , ( - ) ; · , - , . , , - , . , - , , - . - , , [ ]. _______________________. - __________________, __________________ __________________71. - : ______________. ________, 71 , . , - , , - . 65 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 65 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 65 23.09.2004 14:04:36 23.09.2004 14:04:36 ____________ ________, : _________________, __________________ __________________. _____________ . I. 1. - , - , - . - , - . - , . , - , , ( -- ) - , . : · . - - - . · . , - . - . 66 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 66 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 66 23.09.2004 14:04:36 23.09.2004 14:04:36 4. · . - , , , - , , - . · . , , - . , , , «____________» [ - ]. 2. . - , - , : · ; · ; · ; · ; · ___________________________72. , - . . 72 - , , ( ), , - , , , - . . 67 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 67 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 67 23.09.2004 14:04:36 23.09.2004 14:04:36 3. : · -- , - ; · --,- , - . , , , ; · -- , - , ; · -- -- , ; · -- , - - , - - ; · -- , - - . [ , ], - . 4. _________________ [] - , - 73. 73 « » ( -- ) - () . 68 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 68 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 68 23.09.2004 14:04:36 23.09.2004 14:04:36 4. II. - . - , . , . , - , . - . 1. a. . - . b. . [- , ]. . - , - , . c. , - . . - . , , - , - . , , . . - [ ] . 69 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 69 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 69 23.09.2004 14:04:36 23.09.2004 14:04:36 d. . , , . , , - . , , - , . - , - , , . ______ , 74. [ ] . [ ] . . , , . 25% - , . - __ [] . , . - , , - . , . - . 74 , . , , . 70 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 70 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 70 23.09.2004 14:04:37 23.09.2004 14:04:37 4. , , , - . e. . : · ; · ___________________________; · ___________________________; · 75. , , , - , . - - [ , ]. - , - . . f. . , , - . , __ 76. - . 75 , , , (, , ). - , , , , .. . 76 , , , - 4­10 . 71 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 71 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 71 23.09.2004 14:04:37 23.09.2004 14:04:37 . ______________ [ ] , - , , ____ - 77. , , , , - , . , - . [ ] - . , , , . g. . - . ______________ [ ], . . h. . - ., . - . [ ] - - , - . i. . () - ( 77 - . 72 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 72 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 72 23.09.2004 14:04:37 23.09.2004 14:04:37 4. ) - . - . - . [ ] , . . - . . . j. . - ( ) . [ ]. , - . , , - . - . , - . - , . 2. , . - , 73 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 73 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 73 23.09.2004 14:04:37 23.09.2004 14:04:37 , . , - . a. . - - . b. . [ - , - ] , . , , . c. , - . [ ] _______ 78. - , , . ______ . - . , . , , - , , - . d. . , , - . , , , , - . 78 , , , - ( ) 3 5 . 74 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 74 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 74 23.09.2004 14:04:37 23.09.2004 14:04:37 4. : · , , ; · - ; · , - ; · , , , ; · , - . e. . - , . . f. . , ( ) - . , , . g. . - - . - , - . . h. . ( 75 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 75 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 75 23.09.2004 14:04:37 23.09.2004 14:04:37 ) - . , . - , . 3. ; . - ( ) - . . . [ . - , - , ; ; - - .] III. . - . 76 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 76 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 76 23.09.2004 14:04:38 23.09.2004 14:04:38 4. 1. , , - . a. . , , , , , - . . , - . . b. . . - . . - , - . - , - . , - , , - - . , 77 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 77 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 77 23.09.2004 14:04:38 23.09.2004 14:04:38 . . . - (, , ) - , - . . - . c. . , - . 2. ( ) - [ ]. a. . ____________ [] - - 79. b. . . - , - , - . 79 , - ; . 78 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 78 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 78 23.09.2004 14:04:38 23.09.2004 14:04:38 4. c. . - - , . 3. , , . - . 4. . . - . : · ; · - ; · , - . IV. - . 1. - , , , 79 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 79 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 79 23.09.2004 14:04:38 23.09.2004 14:04:38 . , - , . , , , , , . - , . - . - , , - . 2. . [ , () [ ] - , .] , . - - , . [ .] 3. a. . __ - . 80 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 80 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 80 23.09.2004 14:04:38 23.09.2004 14:04:38 4. , __ - . - 80. b. . [ - ], - . , - . [ ], - 81. , , - . c. . , , . - , . - , , - . 4. . - . , . , . 80 - , - . 4 - . 81 , . 81 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 81 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 81 23.09.2004 14:04:38 23.09.2004 14:04:38 . . 5. . - - . 82 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 82 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 82 23.09.2004 14:04:39 23.09.2004 14:04:39 5 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «______________________» . _________________ 200 __ . 83 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 83 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 83 23.09.2004 14:04:39 23.09.2004 14:04:39 .................................................................................................84 I. .................................................................85 II. ......................................................85 III. ..................................................87 1. .........................................................87 2. .................................................................................................88 3. ..................................................88 4. .....................................................................89 6. ...................................................................................89 IV. .....................................90 1. ....................................................90 2. ...................................................91 3. ............................................................................92 ( -- ) , : · - _____ ( -- ) - ; · , , - ; · , , , - . , - , - . 84 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 84 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 84 23.09.2004 14:04:39 23.09.2004 14:04:39 5. . , , , - - , - 82. [, ]. . - (www.___________.ru). I. [ ] 83: · ; · ___________________________; · ___________________________. II. - . 82 , , (.: www.globalsullivanprinciples.org), (.: www. unglobalcompact.org), (.: www.ceres.org), (.: www.ilo.org), - (.: www.oecd.org). 83 - , ( - - ), , , , , .. 85 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 85 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 85 23.09.2004 14:04:39 23.09.2004 14:04:39 : · ; · ; · ; · . , - . : , , , 84. [ - , , ]. : · ; · ; · , - , ( ), ( / ); · , ; · , - , . - . 84 . , , , - , - (, , , , -- ). , - , () . , , , , , - , , .. , , , .. 86 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 86 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 86 23.09.2004 14:04:39 23.09.2004 14:04:39 5. III. 85 1. . - . . - . . . , - . . , - - , - . . - . - , [, , () - ]. 85 . - , , , . - , , - . 87 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 87 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 87 23.09.2004 14:04:39 23.09.2004 14:04:39 , - . , - , . - - , - . , , , . 2. -- - . , , - . . 3. , (, , - _____________), - , , . . . : · - ; 88 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 88 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 88 23.09.2004 14:04:39 23.09.2004 14:04:39 5. · - , , _________; · - . - ,,- , , . 4. . , , - , . , . . - . , , , - , . , , . - -- , - . 6. , , , , . 89 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 89 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 89 23.09.2004 14:04:39 23.09.2004 14:04:39 - , . , - , , . - 86. , , , , - . - , , . () . - , - . IV. 1. - . - . , , , . 86, ISO 14000 - , (www.iso.ch). 90 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 90 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 90 23.09.2004 14:04:40 23.09.2004 14:04:40 5. , [ () - ]. , - . : _______, , - , : ... .: _________________ (.) : _________________ : _________________ _________________ . : _________________ 2. . . - . () - . () , , . - . - , - . [ ] , - , , . 91 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 91 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 91 23.09.2004 14:04:40 23.09.2004 14:04:40 3. , , - . - , - - . 92 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 92 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 92 23.09.2004 14:04:40 23.09.2004 14:04:40 IIII IFC_part_6_rus.indd 93 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 93 23.09.2004 14:04:40 23.09.2004 14:04:40 6 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «______________________» . _________________ 200 __ . 95 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 95 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 95 23.09.2004 14:04:40 23.09.2004 14:04:40 1. ...............................................................96 2. ..........................................97 3. .................................................103 4. .................................105 5. .......................................................................105 6. ..................................108 7. .......................................110 8. ............................................111 9. ......118 10. ............................................119 11. ....120 12. ........................122 13. .................122 1. 1.1. ( -- ) - «________________» ( -- - ) , ( -- ). 1.2. - ( -- ), , , , , , , - . 1.3. , , - . 96 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 96 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 96 23.09.2004 14:04:40 23.09.2004 14:04:40 6. 1.4. - - , - , - 87. 2. 2.1. . - , , - , . 2.2. : 2.2.1. - - ; 2.2.2. [, , 88]; 2.2.3. , - [ ]. 2.3. : 2.3.1. ( ); 2.3.2. , , , , , - ; 87, , . , , , . 88 9 1 65 , - . 97 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 97 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 97 23.09.2004 14:04:40 23.09.2004 14:04:40 2.3.3. , ; 2.3.4. ; 2.3.5. ; 2.3.6. () - ; 2.3.7. ; 2.3.8. () , - ; 2.3.9. ; 2.3.10. - ; 2.3.11. - , , - ; 2.3.12. - , , - ; 2.3.13. - , , - , 10 ; 2.3.14. - 5 ; 2.3.15. 3 - -- - ; 2.3.16. - 98 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 98 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 98 23.09.2004 14:04:41 23.09.2004 14:04:41 6. 3.10. , - ; 2.3.17. - , - , ( ) ; 2.3.18. - ( )89: 2.3.18.1. , - , ; 2.3.18.2. , - - ; 2.3.18.3. ; 2.3.18.4. , , ; 2.3.18.5. ; 2.3.18.6. ; 2.3.18.7. ; 2.3.18.8. , , 50 , , , 25 50 , - ; 2.3.18.9. , , , () 89, 2.3.18.6­2.3.18.13 , , - . 99 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 99 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 99 23.09.2004 14:04:41 23.09.2004 14:04:41 , - , - ; 2.3.18.10. 90; 2.3.18.11. , - , - ; 2.3.18.12. , , , , , - ; 2.3.18.13. , - , ; 2.3.19. ; 2.3.20. , - . 2.4. - : 2.4.1. - ; 2.4.2. , ; 2.4.3. , ; 2.4.4. ( ) , - ; 2.4.5. , 90 , . 100 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 100 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 100 23.09.2004 14:04:41 23.09.2004 14:04:41 6. , -- , , - ; 2.4.6. - ; 2.4.7. - ; 2.4.8. , - - ; 2.4.9. , ___ 91; 2.4.10. , - , , . 2.5. - : 2.5.1. () ; 2.5.2. - ; 2.5.3. , ; 2.5.4. ( - ), - , ; 2.5.5. ; 91 ( 1.1.3. 4) 10 . 101 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 101 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 101 23.09.2004 14:04:41 23.09.2004 14:04:41 2.5.6. - - () - - ; 2.5.7. , - - ; 2.5.8. - , , , ; 2.5.9. ; 2.5.10. , - () , - ; 2.5.11. - - - ; 2.5.12. , , , , - - ; 2.5.13. , ; 2.5.14. - ; 2.5.15. : 2.5.15.1. ; 2.5.15.2. ; 2.5.15.3. ; 2.5.15.4. ; 2.5.15.5. , ; 102 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 102 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 102 23.09.2004 14:04:41 23.09.2004 14:04:41 6. 2.5.15.6. -- ; 2.5.15.7. , - , ; 2.5.16. , -- ( -- ); 2.5.17. , - ; 2.5.18. . 2.6. , , . 2.7. - , . 3. 3.1. _____ 92. 3.2. , . 3.3. , , . 3.4. - _____ 93. 92 3 66 . -- , -- -- . 93 - . 103 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 103 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 103 23.09.2004 14:04:41 23.09.2004 14:04:41 3.5. ,, (), , 94. 3.6. , - , - - , , . 3.7. . 3.8. . 3.9. . 3.10. , - 95: 3.10.1. 3 - () , ; 3.10.2. 3 - , - - ; 3.10.3. 3 - () ( )96; 94 « , » 3 73 . 95 ( 2.2.2 3). . 18. 96 . 4 « - » 948-1 22 1991 . 104 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 104 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 104 23.09.2004 14:04:41 23.09.2004 14:04:41 6. 3.10.4. 3 - , - ; 3.10.5. , - ( ), 10 , ; 3.10.6. 3 ( , 10 ); 3.10.7. 3 - . 3.11. 7- - - . 4. 4.1. . 4.2. , - . 4.3. , , - , , . 5. 5.1. - , 2 - . 105 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 105 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 105 23.09.2004 14:04:42 23.09.2004 14:04:42 5.2. - ___ 97. 5.3. - , . 5.4. , - , , . 5.5. : 5.5.1. : ____ ________________________, _________________ [ , - ]; 5.5.2. _________________ [ , , , , , ]. 5.6. - , , - . 5.7. : 5.7.1. , , ; 5.7.2. , - ( -- ); 5.7.3. () (), () ; 97 30 - , ( 1 53 ). 106 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 106 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 106 23.09.2004 14:04:42 23.09.2004 14:04:42 6. 5.7.4. () , ; 5.7.5. , - ( , , ); 5.7.6. , - ___ , , - ____ 98; 5.7.7. , - , , - , () ; 5.7.8. , - , - ; 5.7.9. - , ; 5.7.10. - ; 5.7.11. ___________________________; 5.7.12. ___________________________. 5.8. - . 5.9. . , - . 5.10. - 5 , 5.2 . 98 ( 2.3.1 3) , 5 . 107 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 107 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 107 23.09.2004 14:04:42 23.09.2004 14:04:42 5.11. - (),- , 3 . 5.12. , , : 5.12.1. () , - 5.2. ; 5.12.2. () - 5.1. ; 5.12.3. , 5.7. ; 5.12.4. , , () . 5.13. - . 6. 6.1. . - , , . . 6.2. , , . 6.3. 99: 6.3.1. ( ), - ; 99. 2.3.1 3 . 108 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 108 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 108 23.09.2004 14:04:42 23.09.2004 14:04:42 6. 6.3.2. ; 6.3.3. , ; 6.3.4. , - ; 6.3.5. ; 6.3.6. - ; 6.3.7. (- ) ; 6.3.8. - ; 6.3.9. ; 6.3.10. , ; 6.3.11. , . 6.4. - . . 6.5. - . 6.6. . - - _____ 100. 6.7. , , , 8.11. , 100 - - . 109 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 109 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 109 23.09.2004 14:04:42 23.09.2004 14:04:42 - . - - . 7. 7.1. - - . 7.2. , [ ]. 7.3. - . 7.4. : 7.4.1. , ; 7.4.2. , , , ; 7.4.3. [ ] ; 7.4.4. ____ - , - ; 7.4.5. _____ - , - , - ; 7.4.6. ; 110 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 110 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 110 23.09.2004 14:04:42 23.09.2004 14:04:42 6. 7.4.7. - , , ____ 101; 7.4.8. , , ; 7.4.9. - ; 7.4.10. ; 7.4.11. , - , - , - , ; 7.4.12. . 7.5. - - , , - . 8. 8.1. - , _______ [ ]102, : 8.1.1. ; 8.1.2. ; 101 , 10 15 . 102 4.2.1 3 - . 111 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 111 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 111 23.09.2004 14:04:42 23.09.2004 14:04:42 8.1.3. ; 8.1.4. ; 8.1.5. ; 8.1.6. (), () 2 . - , , - , , 103. 8.2. , . 8.3. - - . 8.4. -- - , , , , - , . 8.5. : 8.5.1. ; 8.5.2. ; 8.5.3. . 8.6. ______ . 8.7. - - . 8.8. , - 103. 4.13 3 . 112 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 112 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 112 23.09.2004 14:04:42 23.09.2004 14:04:42 6. , , , , 8.1. , _____ - . - . 8.9. _______ - 104. 8.10. : 8.10.1. ; 8.10.2. - ; 8.10.3. ; 8.10.4. , - ; 8.10.5. ___________________________. 8.11. - . 8.11.1. , , , . - . 8.11.2. - : 8.11.2.1. - ; 104 , 1 , , , . 113 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 113 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 113 23.09.2004 14:04:43 23.09.2004 14:04:43 8.11.2.2. ; 8.11.2.3. ; 8.11.2.4. ; 8.11.2.5. - ; 8.11.2.6. ; 8.11.2.7. ___________________________. 8.12. ________ [ - ] . , - . 8.13. - . 8.14. - , . 8.15. , . 8.16. - , , , , - . 8.17. - , - : 8.17.1. - ; 8.17.2. ___________________________; 8.17.3. ___________________________. 8.18. , , , - , , - 25 50 114 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 114 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 114 23.09.2004 14:04:43 23.09.2004 14:04:43 6. , , - . 8.19. , - , - , - , , - . 8.20. , - , , . () , . 8.21. - () , , - - . 8.22. - - , . 8.23. , 8.8 . 8.24. . 8.25. : 8.25.1. - ; 8.25.2. , ; 8.25.3. ; 8.25.4. - , , , . 115 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 115 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 115 23.09.2004 14:04:43 23.09.2004 14:04:43 8.26. ( ) : 8.26.1. , - ; 8.26.2. ; 8.26.3. ; 8.26.4. : «», «», «»; 8.26.5. - ; 8.26.6. . 8.27. , , - . 8.28. - . 8.29. : 8.29.1. - - ; 8.29.2. - , ; 8.29.3. ; 8.29.4. - ; 8.29.5. ; 8.29.6. , - ; 8.29.7. - ; 8.29.8. ___________________________; 8.29.9. ___________________________. 116 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 116 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 116 23.09.2004 14:04:43 23.09.2004 14:04:43 6. 8.30. , , (), , - 10 . 8.31. . 8.32. : 8.32.1. - ; 8.32.2. , , - ; 8.32.3. : «», «», «»; 8.32.4. - , , - , ; 8.32.5. , - ; 8.32.6. . 8.33. . 8.34. - , . 8.35. . 8.36. ___ - . 8.37. , - , , - . 117 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 117 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 117 23.09.2004 14:04:43 23.09.2004 14:04:43 9. 9.1. . 9.2. . : 9.2.1. ; 9.2.2. ( ) ; 9.2.3. ; 9.2.4. , ; 9.2.5. , , ; 9.2.6. , , ; 9.2.7. ; 9.2.8. ___________________________; 9.2.9. ___________________________. 9.3. , - , , - , . 9.4. - . 9.5. . - : 9.5.1. , ; 9.5.2. ; 9.5.3. . 9.6. , ; ( ) , - . 118 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 118 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 118 23.09.2004 14:04:43 23.09.2004 14:04:43 6. 9.7. . 9.8. . 10. 10.1. - , . 10.2. 105: 10.2.1. ___________________________; 10.2.2. ___________________________; 10.2.3. ___________________________. 10.3. . 10.4. ____ - 106. 10.5. , - . 10.6. , - . 10.7. - , , , - . 10.8. . 10.9. - . 105 , , , . . 106 3 . 119 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 119 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 119 23.09.2004 14:04:43 23.09.2004 14:04:43 11. 11.1. - : 11.1.1. , . - , ; 11.1.2. - , ; 11.1.3. ; 11.1.4. - ; 11.1.5. , - : 11.1.5.1. - , - ( ) , , , - , - () , - - , - ; 11.1.5.2. , - , - - , - , - ; 120 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 120 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 120 23.09.2004 14:04:44 23.09.2004 14:04:44 6. 11.1.5.3. , ,- - , , ,- ,- ,- ____ ; 11.1.5.4. , - - - ; 11.1.6. - ; 11.1.7. -- , . - , _____ [ ] . 11.2. , (- ), . 11.3. , , , . 11.4. - , . 11.5. , 11.2 - , - . 11.6. () , 121 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 121 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 121 23.09.2004 14:04:44 23.09.2004 14:04:44 - . 11.7. , , - , , . 12. 12.1. , , . 12.2. : 12.2.1. ; 12.2.2. - ; 12.2.3. ; 12.2.4. - -. 12.3. , - , - . 12.4. . 12.5. _________, , ___% . 13. 13.1. - , . 122 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 122 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 122 23.09.2004 14:04:44 23.09.2004 14:04:44 7 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «____________________» . _________________ 200 __ . 123 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 123 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 123 23.09.2004 14:04:44 23.09.2004 14:04:44 1. .............................................................124 2. ......................................................124 3. .........................................128 4. ................................129 5. .................................................129 6. ......................................130 1. 1.1. (- -- ) «_______________» ( -- ) , - ( -- ). 1.2. (- -- ), , , - , . 1.3. . - , - ( ), , - . 1.4. , , - , . 2. 2.1. : 2.1.1. , : 2.1.1.1. 124 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 124 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 124 23.09.2004 14:04:44 23.09.2004 14:04:44 7. , ; 2.1.1.2. , , - ; 2.1.1.3. , , , ; 2.1.1.4. , - , - - - ; 2.1.1.5. , , ; 2.1.1.6. , ; 2.1.2. , : 2.1.2.1. ( , - ), , - , ; 2.1.2.2. « »; 2.1.2.3. , , , 125 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 125 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 125 23.09.2004 14:04:44 23.09.2004 14:04:44 ; 2.1.2.4. - - , , - - ; 2.1.3. , : 2.1.3.1. - , - , - , ; 2.1.3.2. - , ; 2.1.3.3. - - ; 2.1.3.4. , , - ; 2.1.3.5. , , - , , - ; 2.1.3.6. , , - , ; - - ; 126 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 126 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 126 23.09.2004 14:04:44 23.09.2004 14:04:44 7. 2.1.3.7. - , [, - , - ]; 2.1.3.8. - ; 2.1.3.9. ; 2.1.3.10. ( ) - - , - , ; 2.1.4. - 107, : 2.1.4.1. - - ; - - ; 2.1.4.2. , - , - - ; 2.1.4.3. - - ; 2.1.4.4. - , ; 107 8 - ( , , -- ). 127 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 127 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 127 23.09.2004 14:04:45 23.09.2004 14:04:45 2.1.5. , : 2.1.5.1. , , - , ; 2.1.5.2. - , - , , - . 3. 3.1. : 3.1.1. , , - , [ ]; 3.1.2. , - , - ; 3.1.3. ; 3.1.4. , ; 3.1.5. - , . 3.2. - - , . 3.3. ( , ) . 3.4. : 3.4.1. ; 3.4.2. , - ; 128 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 128 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 128 23.09.2004 14:04:45 23.09.2004 14:04:45 7. 3.4.3. - , - ; 3.4.4. , . 4. 4.1. ____ , . 4.2. - . 4.3. . 4.4. - , - . 4.5. . [ , , - , ,,, .] 4.6. - . 4.7. , . 5. 5.1. , . 5.2. ( , ) . 5.3. . 5.4. , 3 . 129 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 129 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 129 23.09.2004 14:04:45 23.09.2004 14:04:45 , - , _____ . 5.5. - , . 5.6. . . 5.7. : , , - . 5.8. , . 5.9. - _____ 108. : , , . 5.10. , , . 5.11. , , . - - . , . 5.12. , - . 6. 6.1. - . 108 , 2 . 130 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 130 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 130 23.09.2004 14:04:45 23.09.2004 14:04:45 8 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «______________________» . _________________ 200 __ . 131 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 131 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 131 23.09.2004 14:04:45 23.09.2004 14:04:45 1. .............................................................132 2. ......................................................133 3. .........................................136 4. ................................137 5. .................................................138 6. ......................................138 1. 1.1. - ( -- ) «________________» ( -- ) - , - - . 1.2. - ( -- ), , , , . 1.3. . - - , , , , - , , , . 1.4. , , - , . 132 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 132 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 132 23.09.2004 14:04:45 23.09.2004 14:04:45 8. ... 2. 2.1. : 2.1.1. , : 2.1.1.1. , , , - , - , ; 2.1.1.2. - , - - , ; 2.1.1.3. - , , - , - ; 2.1.1.4. [ ], - - - ; 2.1.2. , : 2.1.2.1. , - ; 2.1.2.2. , . , 133 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 133 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 133 23.09.2004 14:04:45 23.09.2004 14:04:45 - , ; 2.1.2.3. , - , ( , - ), ( - , ) - ( ); 2.1.3. , : 2.1.3.1. - [ - , - ] ; 2.1.3.2. ; 2.1.4. , : 2.1.4.1. - ; 2.1.4.2. , - [, ]; 2.1.4.3. [ - ]; 2.1.5. , : 2.1.5.1. - - , , [ , 134 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 134 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 134 23.09.2004 14:04:46 23.09.2004 14:04:46 8. ... ], - , - ; 2.1.6. , : 2.1.6.1. - ; 2.1.6.2. - () ; 2.1.6.3. (), - , - . - , , , - ; 2.1.6.4. , - () , ; 2.1.6.5. - - ; 2.1.6.6. - ; 2.1.7. , : 2.1.7.1. , , ; 135 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 135 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 135 23.09.2004 14:04:46 23.09.2004 14:04:46 2.1.7.2. , - - , - ; 2.1.7.3. ; 2.1.8. , : 2.1.8.1. - ( - ) , - - . 3. 3.1. : 3.1.1. , , - , [ ]; 3.1.2. , - , - ; 3.1.3. ; 3.1.4. , ; 3.1.5. - , . 3.2. - - , . 3.3. ( , ) . 136 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 136 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 136 23.09.2004 14:04:46 23.09.2004 14:04:46 8. ... 3.4. : 3.4.1. ; 3.4.2. - , , - ; 3.4.3. , - ; 3.4.4. - , - ; 3.4.5. , . 4. 4.1. ____ , . 4.2. - . 4.3. . 4.4. . 4.5. . [ , , - , , - .] 4.6. , . 137 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 137 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 137 23.09.2004 14:04:46 23.09.2004 14:04:46 5. 5.1. , . 5.2. ( , ) . 5.3. . 5.4. , 6 . , - , _____ . 5.5. - , . 5.6. : , , - . 5.7. , . 5.8. - _____ . : , , . 5.9. , , . 5.10. , , . - - . , . 5.11. , - . 6. 6.1. - . 138 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 138 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 138 23.09.2004 14:04:46 23.09.2004 14:04:46 9 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «____________________» . _________________ 200 __ . 139 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 139 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 139 23.09.2004 14:04:46 23.09.2004 14:04:46 1. .............................................................140 2. ......................................................140 3. .........................................142 4. ................................143 5. .................................................144 6. ......................................145 1. 1.1. - ( -- ) - «________________» ( -- ) , - . 1.2. ( -- ), , , , . 1.3. - - . 1.4. , , - , . 2. 2.1. : 2.1.1. , : 2.1.1.1. - , , 140 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 140 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 140 23.09.2004 14:04:46 23.09.2004 14:04:46 9. ... ; 2.1.1.2. - , , - ; 2.1.1.3. - , , ; 2.1.1.4. - , , ; 2.1.1.5. - , - ; 2.1.1.6. , , - ; 2.1.1.7. [ ]; 2.1.1.8. () - , - , [ ]; 2.1.1.9. ; 2.1.2. , : 2.1.2.1. - , - : 2.1.2.1.1. - - 141 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 141 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 141 23.09.2004 14:04:47 23.09.2004 14:04:47 , , ; 2.1.2.1.2. , - - () - , - - , - , , ; 2.1.2.2. , - , ; 2.1.2.3. - - , - , - . 3. 3.1. : 3.1.1. , , - , [ ]; 3.1.2. , - , - ; 142 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 142 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 142 23.09.2004 14:04:47 23.09.2004 14:04:47 9. ... 3.1.3. . 3.1.4. - , . 3.2. - - , . 3.3. ( , ) . 3.4. : 3.4.1. ; 3.4.2. , - , ; 3.4.3. , - ; 3.4.4. - , - ; 3.4.5. , - . 4. 4.1. ____ , . 4.2. - . 4.3. . 4.4. . [ , , 143 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 143 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 143 23.09.2004 14:04:47 23.09.2004 14:04:47 - , , - .] 4.5. - . 4.6. . 4.7. , . 5. 5.1. , . 5.2. ( , ) . 5.3. . 5.4. , 6 . , - , _____ . 5.5. - , . 5.6. : , , - . 5.7. , . 5.8. - _____ . : , , . 144 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 144 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 144 23.09.2004 14:04:47 23.09.2004 14:04:47 9. ... 5.9. , , . 5.10. , , . - - . , - . 5.11. , - . 6. 6.1. . 145 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 145 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 145 23.09.2004 14:04:47 23.09.2004 14:04:47 10 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «______________________» . _________________ 200 __ . 147 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 147 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 147 23.09.2004 14:04:47 23.09.2004 14:04:47 1. .............................................................148 2. ......................................................148 3. .........................................151 4. ................................152 5. .................................................152 6. ......................................153 1. 1.1. ( -- ) - «____________» ( -- ) - , . 1.2. - ( -- ), - , , , . 1.3. . - , , - . 1.4. , , - , . 2. 2.1. : 2.1.1. , : 2.1.1.1. [ ] ; 148 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 148 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 148 23.09.2004 14:04:47 23.09.2004 14:04:47 10. ... 2.1.1.2. [ ] - , , - ; 2.1.1.3. - [ ] , , - ; 2.1.1.4. ; 2.1.1.5. - [ ] - ; 2.1.1.6. [ - ] ; 2.1.2. , : 2.1.2.1. - - , - , ; 2.1.3. , : 2.1.3.1. - - , , - ; 149 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 149 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 149 23.09.2004 14:04:48 23.09.2004 14:04:48 2.1.3.2. - [ ], , - , [ ,] , - , . - - [ ]; 2.1.3.3. - , , , - , , - ______ ., , - - ______ .; 2.1.3.4. - - , ; 2.1.3.5. ; 2.1.4. , : 2.1.4.1. - - , - , , - , - ______ .; 150 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 150 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 150 23.09.2004 14:04:48 23.09.2004 14:04:48 10. ... 2.1.5. , : 2.1.5.1. , - , - , , , , . 3. 3.1. : 3.1.1. , , - , [ ]; 3.1.2. , - , - ; 3.1.3. ; 3.1.4. - - , - . 3.2. - - , . 3.3. ( , ) . 3.4. : 3.4.1. ; 3.4.2. - , , - ; 151 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 151 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 151 23.09.2004 14:04:48 23.09.2004 14:04:48 3.4.3. , - ; 3.4.4. - , - ; 3.4.5. , - . 4. 4.1. ____ , . 4.2. - . 4.3. . 4.4. , , - . 4.5. . - , , . 4.6. , . 5. 5.1. , . 5.2. ( - , ) - . 5.3. . 152 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 152 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 152 23.09.2004 14:04:48 23.09.2004 14:04:48 10. ... 5.4. , 6 . , - , _____ . 5.5. - , . 5.6. : , , - . 5.7. , . 5.8. - _____ . : , , . 5.9. , , . 5.10. , - , . - - . - , . 5.11. , - . 6. 6.1. - . 153 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 153 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 153 23.09.2004 14:04:48 23.09.2004 14:04:48 11 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «_______________________» . _________________ 200 __ . 155 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 155 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 155 23.09.2004 14:04:48 23.09.2004 14:04:48 1. .............................................................156 2. ..........................................157 3. .................................158 4. ................................................................159 5. .............................................................160 6. ....................................................161 7. ....163 8. ........................................................164 9. .........................................165 10. ................................................................166 1. 1.1. ( -- - ) «________________» ( -- ) , ( -- ). 1.2. : 1.2.1. ( -- ); 1.2.2. ( -- ). 1.3. , , , , , . 1.4. - , - , . 156 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 156 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 156 23.09.2004 14:04:48 23.09.2004 14:04:48 11. 1.5. . - - . 1.6. , , . 2. 2.1. - . 2.2. - . 2.3. , , 109, , , - . 2.4. - , , , , -- , . 2.5. - (). 2.6. - , - . 2.7. , - , - . 109 . 157 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 157 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 157 23.09.2004 14:04:48 23.09.2004 14:04:48 3. 3.1. - , , , - - . 3.2. , , . 3.3. : 3.3.1. , ; 3.3.2. - ; 3.3.3. - , - ; 3.3.4. , ; 3.3.5. - ; 3.3.6. - ; 3.3.7. , - , - - ; 3.3.8. ______ - , 110; 3.3.9. , , - ; 110 , 5 . 158 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 158 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 158 23.09.2004 14:04:49 23.09.2004 14:04:49 11. 3.3.10. - , ; 3.3.11. ; 3.3.12. - , , ; 3.3.13. ; 3.3.14. , , - , ; 3.3.15. - ; 3.3.16. ____ [] 111; 3.3.17. ; 3.3.18. ; 3.3.19. ___________________________; 3.3.20. ___________________________; 3.3.21. , , - . 4. 4.1. , , , - 112. 111 , . 112 ( 2.1.1 4) . 159 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 159 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 159 23.09.2004 14:04:49 23.09.2004 14:04:49 4.2. - 113: 4.2.1. ___________________________; 4.2.2. ___________________________; 4.2.3. ___________________________. 4.3. __________________114. 4.4. . 4.5. ______ - . 4.6. - - . 5. 5.1. - - , 113 _____ , , , , , , - ., , . , , , : (1) , , ; (2) - ; (3) , ; (4) , - , , ; (5) , . 114 - . 1 3 . 160 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 160 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 160 23.09.2004 14:04:49 23.09.2004 14:04:49 11. - . 5.2. . 5.3. 115: 5.3.1. ( ); 5.3.2. ; 5.3.3. ___________________________ [ ]; 5.3.4. ___________________________ [ ]; 5.3.5. ___________________________ [ ]. 5.4. , - . 5.5. , , - . 6. 6.1. - : 6.1.1. - , ; 6.1.2. - ; 6.1.3. , , , , , ; 115 5­7 : ( - ), ( ) . . 161 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 161 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 161 23.09.2004 14:04:49 23.09.2004 14:04:49 6.1.4. - - ; 6.1.5. , _____ , 116; 6.1.6. , - , ; 6.1.7. , , ____ - 117; 6.1.8. - ; 6.1.9. ; 6.1.10. - 118; 6.1.11. - - , , ; 6.1.12. - ; 6.1.13. , - 119; 116 ( 1.1.3 4) , - 5 . 117 5 . 118 ( 1.1.5 4). 119 , - . 162 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 162 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 162 23.09.2004 14:04:49 23.09.2004 14:04:49 11. 6.1.14. , - , , - ; 6.1.15. , - , , , - , , - 120; 6.1.16. ___________________________; 6.1.17. ___________________________. 6.2. - , , « » . 7. 7.1. , , - - ______ []121. 7.2. - 122: 7.2.1. ___________________________; 7.2.2. ___________________________; 7.2.3. ___________________________. 120 ( 1.1.4 4) , - . 121 1 3 . 122 , , , , . 163 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 163 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 163 23.09.2004 14:04:49 23.09.2004 14:04:49 7.3. ______ . 7.4. [ , , - .] 7.5. - . 8. 8.1. , __________ 123. 8.2. , . 8.3. 124, - , . 8.4. . 8.5. __ _____________ . 8.6. _____ _________ , . 8.7. , , . 8.8. ______ - - 123 ( 4.1.1 4) , - . 124 ( 4.1.3 4) - . 164 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 164 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 164 23.09.2004 14:04:50 23.09.2004 14:04:50 11. , . 8.9. , . : 8.9.1. ; 8.9.2. ; 8.9.3. ; 8.9.4. ; 8.9.5. ; 8.9.6. . 9. 9.1. - , . 9.2. : 9.2.1. ; 9.2.2. - , - - ; 9.2.3. , . 9.2.4. - ; 9.2.5. , - ; 9.2.6. - - ; 9.2.7. , , - , 165 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 165 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 165 23.09.2004 14:04:50 23.09.2004 14:04:50 , , , , - . 9.3. , - (), . 9.4. , , , . 9.5. , . 9.6. - . 10. 10.1. - [ - ]. 10.2. ( - , ) - . 10.3. - , 125. 125. 14 . . 166 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 166 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 166 23.09.2004 14:04:50 23.09.2004 14:04:50 12 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «______________» . _________________ 200 __ . 167 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 167 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 167 23.09.2004 14:04:50 23.09.2004 14:04:50 1. .............................................................168 2. .............................169 3. ...................................170 4. .....................................174 1. 1.1. ( -- - ) «________________» (- -- ) , - , . 1.2. ( -- ) - , , - , , , - . - , [, ]; - ; - , , , . 1.3. , . 1.4. - . 168 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 168 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 168 23.09.2004 14:04:50 23.09.2004 14:04:50 12. 2. 2.1. _________ , - . 2.2. . 2.3. - , , 126: 2.3.1. ___________________________; 2.3.2. ___________________________. 2.4. : 2.4.1. ; 2.4.2. ; 2.4.3. ; 2.4.4. ; 2.4.5. ___________________________; 2.4.6. ___________________________; 2.4.7. , . 2.5. _____ . 2.6. . . 2.7. - . 126 : () , (, - ), (, , ) (, , , ). 169 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 169 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 169 23.09.2004 14:04:50 23.09.2004 14:04:50 3. 3.1. [ ] , - , . 3.2. . - - . - . 3.3. - , - , , - . - . 3.4. - - , . : 3.4.1. , - 127; 3.4.2. , , - , (- 127 , . - (, ). 170 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 170 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 170 23.09.2004 14:04:50 23.09.2004 14:04:50 12. ) , , ( - , ), , () ; 3.4.3. , - , , - , ; 3.4.4. ; 3.4.5. ; 3.4.6. , - , , ( ); 3.4.7. , , , . 3.5. - - , . 3.5.1. - _____ 128. 3.5.2. - () , , , , . 128 , 2 . 171 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 171 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 171 23.09.2004 14:04:51 23.09.2004 14:04:51 3.5.3. - - , . . 3.5.4. - , - , , , . 3.5.5. , , [ - ] , , , , , , . 3.5.6. - , - , , - , - , , . 3.5.7. - , , - , , () . 3.6. - - 172 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 172 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 172 23.09.2004 14:04:51 23.09.2004 14:04:51 12. , [ ]. 3.7. () . - , : 3.7.1. () , - , - ; 3.7.2. - , , , -- . 3.8. - - ( ) , . - , - - , . 3.9. - , . 3.10. - , , , - . . 3.11. , , . 173 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 173 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 173 23.09.2004 14:04:51 23.09.2004 14:04:51 3.12. [ - ]. - , - 129. 3.13. , . 3.14. - . 4. 130 4.1. , - , . 4.2. ____ [ ] , - . 4.3. - . 4.4. - , - . 4.5. , , . 129 - . 130 . 174 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 174 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 174 23.09.2004 14:04:51 23.09.2004 14:04:51 13 «_______________________» _______________ _______________ 200_ . «_________________________________» ( -- ) _______________________________________ [, , , ], ____________________ [ ], - , - (-) _____________________________ [, , ] ( -- ), , () ( -- ) - __________________ ., ___, , ( -- ) : 1. 1.1. - , - , - , - , - . 175 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 175 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 175 23.09.2004 14:04:51 23.09.2004 14:04:51 1.2. - - . - , , - - . 1.3. . 2. 2.1. : 2.1.1. - , ; 2.1.2. , , - , , , ; 2.1.3. , - o ; 2.1.4. , , - ; 2.1.5. , , , , , , - ; 2.1.6. ; 2.1.7. ___________________________; 2.1.8. ___________________________; 2.1.9. - , - , , . 176 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 176 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 176 23.09.2004 14:04:51 23.09.2004 14:04:51 13. 3. 3.1. - , . 3.2. : 3.2.1. - , - ; 3.2.2. , - - - ; 3.2.3. , ; 3.2.4. , ; 3.2.5. , ; - , ; 3.2.6. , : , - , - , , , - ; 3.2.7. , , - , 3 - , , , - , , ; 3.2.8. , ; 177 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 177 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 177 23.09.2004 14:04:51 23.09.2004 14:04:51 3.2.9. , - : 3.2.9.1. - ( ) , , , , , - ; 3.2.9.2. - , - , - , - ; 3.2.9.3. , , , , - , , , - ____ - ; 3.2.9.4. - , - - . 3.2.10. ___________________________; 3.2.11. ___________________________. 4. 4.1. : 4.1.1. - , 178 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 178 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 178 23.09.2004 14:04:52 23.09.2004 14:04:52 13. , , , ; 4.1.2. ; 4.1.3. ___________________________; 4.1.4. ___________________________; 4.1.5. , , , - . 5. 5.1. : 5.1.1. , , - , - ; 5.1.2. , - , - ; 5.1.3. - ; 5.1.4. ___________________________; 5.1.5. ___________________________. 6. , 131 6.1. _____________ . 131 , - . - . 179 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 179 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 179 23.09.2004 14:04:52 23.09.2004 14:04:52 6.2. : 6.2.1. - -- __________________ .; 6.2.2. -- __________________ . 6.2.3. -- ______ __________________ . ; 6.3. , 6.1. - , 15 , - . 6.4. , - , - , - ( , ..). 6.5. , . - . 7. 7.1. , - () - , . 7.2. , - , , - . 7.3. , . 7.4. (), _____________ . 180 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 180 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 180 23.09.2004 14:04:52 23.09.2004 14:04:52 13. 7.5. , - , 8.4. , _____________ . 8. 8.1. - . 8.2. - . 8.3. , , - 8.4. , - . 8.4. : 8.4.1. , 3 - ; 8.4.2. ; 8.4.3. ___________________________; 8.4.4. ___________________________. 8.5. - - . 9. 9.1. , - . 9.2. . 181 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 181 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 181 23.09.2004 14:04:52 23.09.2004 14:04:52 9.3. , , - , . 10. : : :____________________________ , , : ______________________ :________________________ : _______ ____________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ______________________ ____________________________ __________________________________________ ___________________________________________ (, , ... ) () 182 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 182 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 182 23.09.2004 14:04:52 23.09.2004 14:04:52 14 «_____________________» _______________ __________ 200_ . «_______________________________» (- -- ) ______ ________________, , , - (-) __________________________ [, , ] ( -- ), , - , ( -- - ). , ______________ 200__ ______________________________ , __ _____________ 200___ , __________________________ - [-- ] : 183 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 183 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 183 23.09.2004 14:04:52 23.09.2004 14:04:52 1. 1.1. , _____ 132 - . 1.2. - , , - , - . 1.3. . - -- , -- - [, - , - , ]. 1.4. . 1.5. - . _____ () - , . 2. 2.1. : 2.1.1. , - 132 - . 1 3 . 184 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 184 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 184 23.09.2004 14:04:52 23.09.2004 14:04:52 14. , , - ; 2.1.2. , - , , - ; 2.1.3. [ , , - ;] 2.1.4. ; 2.1.5. - ; 2.1.6. , - , - - ; , , - ; 2.1.7. , - , - , , - ; 2.1.8. - ; 2.1.9. , , - ; 2.1.10. - - ; 2.1.11. , , - ; 185 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 185 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 185 23.09.2004 14:04:52 23.09.2004 14:04:52 2.1.12. , , , , - , ; 2.1.13. ; 2.1.14. , ; 2.1.15. ___________________________; 2.1.16. ___________________________; 2.1.17. , , , . 2.2. , , , . 3. 3.1. - - , . 3.2. , , . 3.3. : 3.3.1. - -- - ; 3.3.2. - - ; 3.3.3. , , - , - - ; 186 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 186 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 186 23.09.2004 14:04:53 23.09.2004 14:04:53 14. 3.3.4. - - ; 3.3.5. , () , - (), - - (); 3.3.6. , , , , - , , , - ; 3.3.7. , - , ; 3.3.8. , - , , , - , ___ - ; 3.3.9. , , - , - , , - , (- ) -; 3.3.10. - - , - , - , , 187 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 187 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 187 23.09.2004 14:04:53 23.09.2004 14:04:53 ( ) () - , - - ; 3.3.11. - , - , - - , ; 3.3.12. , , - - , - ; 3.3.13. [ ] - , 133, - , - , ; 3.3.14. , - - - , - , , , ; 3.3.15. - ; 133 - . 188 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 188 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 188 23.09.2004 14:04:53 23.09.2004 14:04:53 14. 3.3.16. - , - - , - , - , - ; 3.3.17. , , - ; 3.3.18. - , , , , , , , « »; - , , ; 3.3.19. - , , - , - - ; 3.3.20. ____ - - , - - ; 3.3.21. - , ; 3.3.22. , - - , - , , . 189 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 189 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 189 23.09.2004 14:04:53 23.09.2004 14:04:53 , , - , , , , , - . -; 3.3.23. ___________________________; 3.3.24. ___________________________. 4. 4.1. : 4.1.1. - , - ; 4.1.2. , - , - , , 86 - ; 4.1.3. ___________________________; 4.1.4. ___________________________; 4.1.5. , , , . 5. 5.1. : 5.1.1. - , - ; 190 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 190 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 190 23.09.2004 14:04:53 23.09.2004 14:04:53 14. 5.1.2. - , - ; 5.1.3. - - , ; 5.1.4. , - , - : 5.1.4.1. , - (, , _____________________), (- , ____________), - ( ___________); 5.1.4.2. [ ;] 5.1.4.3. ( __________); 5.1.4.4. / _________________ ______________]; 5.1.5. - , ; 5.1.6. ___________________________; 5.1.7. ___________________________; 5.1.8. , - , . 6. 6.1. - , , , , . 6.2. - 40- . . 191 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 191 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 191 23.09.2004 14:04:53 23.09.2004 14:04:53 6.3. . 6.4. - , - . 6.5. . : 6.1.1. _______ , 2 134; 6.1.2. 12- ( ) , 135: 6.1.2.1. ___________________________; 6.1.2.2. ___________________________; 6.1.2.3. ___________________________; 6.1.3. , ____ ___ 136: 6.1.3.1. ___________________________; 6.1.3.2. ___________________________; 6.1.3.3. ___________________________; 134 [20­25] - , , - , [6­10] , - . 135 , - . (- , , , (EVA). (, - , ), ( , , , - .) ( , - , , .). 136 3 10 , . 192 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 192 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 192 23.09.2004 14:04:54 23.09.2004 14:04:54 14. 6.1.4. , 137: 6.1.4.1. ___________________________: 6.1.4.2. ___________________________; 6.1.4.3. ___________________________; 6.1.5. , 138: 6.1.5.1. ___________________________; 6.1.5.2. ___________________________; 6.1.5.3. ___________________________. 6.6. - , , , - . - . 6.7. __________ . 6.8. , - , , , - . - , . 6.9. , - , , - , - . 137 , - . 138 , , , . 193 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 193 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 193 23.09.2004 14:04:54 23.09.2004 14:04:54 6.10. - . 6.11. - - _________________ 139. 7. 7.1. - , - - . 7.2. , 7.3. - , . 7.3. 140: 7.3.1. , 3 ; 7.3.2. ; 7.3.3. ___________________________; 7.3.4. ___________________________. 7.4. , 7.3. , - ____ _______________________ . 7.5. . - 139 . 140 (. 81.4, 81.9, 81.10, 81.13, 81.14, 77, 278.2. 75). 194 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 194 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 194 23.09.2004 14:04:54 23.09.2004 14:04:54 14. ______ (). 7.6. - , (). 7.7. , - , , . 8. 8.1. , - . 8.2. , , . 8.3. , , - , . 8.4. : 8.4.1. ; 8.4.2. - ; 8.4.3. () - , - ; 8.4.4. , ; 8.4.5. , , , . 8.5. - , - . 195 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 195 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 195 23.09.2004 14:04:54 23.09.2004 14:04:54 9. : : :_____________________________ , , : ______________________ :________________________ : _______ ___________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ______________________ _____________________________ _________________________________________ ______________________________________________ (, , ... ) () 196 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 196 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 196 23.09.2004 14:04:54 23.09.2004 14:04:54 15 «_____________________» _______________ __________ 200_ . «_______________________________» (- -- ) ______ ________________, , , - (-) __________________________ [, , ] ( -- ), , - , ( -- - ). , ______________ - ______________________________ - , - __ ____________________ , __________________________ - : 197 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 197 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 197 23.09.2004 14:04:54 23.09.2004 14:04:54 1. 1.1. , - . 1.2. , , - , - , , - , , ; - - , , , - , . 1.3. - , . 1.4. - . 1.5. . __________________ () , - . 2. 2.1. : 2.1.1. , ; 2.1.2. - ; 2.1.3. , 198 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 198 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 198 23.09.2004 14:04:54 23.09.2004 14:04:54 15. , , - , , ; 2.1.4. - , - ; 2.1.5. , , , , - , - ; 2.1.6. , , , ; 2.1.7. ____ - , - ; 2.1.8. , , ; 2.1.9. ___________________________; 2.1.10. ___________________________; 2.1.11. ___________________________; 2.1.12. , - - , . 3. 3.1. : 3.1.1. , , 199 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 199 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 199 23.09.2004 14:04:54 23.09.2004 14:04:54 , , , ; 3.1.2. ______ ; 3.1.3. ; 3.1.4. ___________________________; 3.1.5. ___________________________; 3.1.6. ___________________________. 4. 4.1. : 4.1.1. , - ; 4.1.2. - ; 4.1.3. ___________________________; 4.1.4. ___________________________; 4.1.5. , , , , . 5. 5.1. : 5.1.1. - ; 5.1.2. , - . : , : 1.1.2.1. (, , __ _________); 200 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 200 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 200 23.09.2004 14:04:55 23.09.2004 14:04:55 15. 5.1.2.2. , ( , , _______________); 5.1.2.3. ( ___________); 5.1.2.4. [ ( __________)]; 5.1.2.5. (______________________); 5.1.3. ___________________________; 5.1.4. ___________________________; 5.1.5. ___________________________. 6. . 6.1. - _______________________ , - - . 6.2. [20­25] - , , , [6­10] - , . 6.3. - , , - , . - . 6.4. - () - , . () . 6.5. 40- . 6.6. - , - . 201 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 201 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 201 23.09.2004 14:04:55 23.09.2004 14:04:55 6.7. - ____ , , , - ____ . - . 6.8. - - - , . 7. 7.1. , , - . 8. 8.1. - . 8.2. - . . 8.3. - , 2 , - , . 9. 9.1. , - , . 9.2. , , . 202 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 202 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 202 23.09.2004 14:04:55 23.09.2004 14:04:55 15. 9.3. , , - , - . 10. : : :_______________________ , , : _____________________ :____________________ : _______ ___________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ______________________ ____________________________ __________________________________________ ______________________________________________ (, , ... ) () 203 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 203 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 203 23.09.2004 14:04:55 23.09.2004 14:04:55 16 «__________________________________» : «___»__________ 200__ . : ___ . ____ . : _________________________________ : _________________________________ , : 1. ___________________________; 2. ___________________________; 3. ___________________________. 141. 141 ( 4.3.1 3), - , - , , , - . 205 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 205 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 205 23.09.2004 14:04:55 23.09.2004 14:04:55 : _______________________________________________ 1. ___________________________; 2. ___________________________; 3. ___________________________. , 1. : 1 ________________ __________________________________________________________________. 2. : _____________________________; _____________________________; _____________________________; 3. : 1) _____________________________. : , «» «» «» 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 206 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 206 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 206 23.09.2004 14:04:55 23.09.2004 14:04:55 16. : «___» ________________ 200__. : _________________________________ : ______________________________________ : ______________________________________ : ______________________________________ : ______________________________________ : ______________________________________ : ______________________________________ 207 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 207 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 207 23.09.2004 14:04:55 23.09.2004 14:04:55 17 I. - . 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = I. 1. - 1 2 3 4 5 ? 2. , 1 2 3 4 5 ? 3. , , - 1 2 3 4 5 ? 4. - 1 2 3 4 5 ? 5. , , 1 2 3 4 5 - - ? 6. - 1 2 3 4 5 ? 7. - 1 2 3 4 5 - ? 8. 1 2 3 4 5 ? : 209 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 209 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 209 23.09.2004 14:04:55 23.09.2004 14:04:55 II. 9. - 1 2 3 4 5 ? 10. , 1 2 3 4 5 , ? 11. , - 1 2 3 4 5 , , , - ? 12. ( - 1 2 3 4 5 ) - ? 13. , - 1 2 3 4 5 , - ? 14. - 1 2 3 4 5 ? : III. 1 2 3 4 5 15. ? 16. ___ __, .. , 1 2 3 4 5 ? 17. , _______ - 1 2 3 4 5 ________ ? 18. , , - 1 2 3 4 5 ? : 210 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 210 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 210 23.09.2004 14:04:56 23.09.2004 14:04:56 17. IV. 19. , - 1 2 3 4 5 , - ? 20. - 1 2 3 4 5 , - ? 21. ? - , 1 2 3 4 5 , , - ? 22. , - 1 2 3 4 5 , ? 23. 1 2 3 4 5 ? 24. 1 2 3 4 5 - ? 25. - 1 2 3 4 5 , ? 26. - 1 2 3 4 5 , ? 27. , - 1 2 3 4 5 , ? 28. - 1 2 3 4 5 ? 29. , - 1 2 3 4 5 , - ? 30. , - 1 2 3 4 5 , , , ? 31. 1 2 3 4 5 ? : 211 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 211 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 211 23.09.2004 14:04:56 23.09.2004 14:04:56 V. 32. , 1 2 3 4 5 , «- »? 33. - 1 2 3 4 5 , ? 34. , - 1 2 3 4 5 ? 35. - 1 2 3 4 5 ? 36. - - 1 2 3 4 5 ? : II. - . 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = - - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 212 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 212 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 212 23.09.2004 14:04:56 23.09.2004 14:04:56 18 , , - . « » - , , , - , , - - , - , - . . (- -- ) , - , - . -- , - ( , - , , ) . - . , - . , -- , - : 1. ; 2. , 213 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 213 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 213 23.09.2004 14:04:56 23.09.2004 14:04:56 - , ; 3. - (.. , - , ___________142 2% - ); 4. , , - ; 5. , ; 6. - , , , ; 7. , ; 8. , ; 9. , - ; 10. - - ; 11. , 143 ( () , - 142 - - 1 . . 143 . , , 5 , - . 214 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 214 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 214 23.09.2004 14:04:56 23.09.2004 14:04:56 18. « » ), - , , , , , , , - , , , (), (- ), /, , - ( - , - () - ), , - - ( ); 12. 144. 144 . 215 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 215 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 215 23.09.2004 14:04:57 23.09.2004 14:04:57 IIIIII IFC_part_6_rus.indd 217 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 217 23.09.2004 14:04:57 23.09.2004 14:04:57 19 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «_____________» . _________________ 200 __ . 219 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 219 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 219 23.09.2004 14:04:57 23.09.2004 14:04:57 1. .............................................................220 2. .........................221 3. .........................................................224 4. .............227 5. .........................................................237 6. ...................................................239 7. ..........................................244 8. , .......................................................................245 1. 1.1. ( -- - ) «________________» ( -- ) - , ( -- ). 1.2. - , , - , . 1.3. , , - , - - , . 1.4. . 220 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 220 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 220 23.09.2004 14:04:57 23.09.2004 14:04:57 19. 1.5. : 1.5.1. , - () - ; 1.5.2. ( - , ). 1.6. - . ______ [ 1 30 ]145. 1.7. - . 2. 2.1. - 146: 2.1.1. - ; 2.1.2. ; 2.1.3. ; 2.1.4. - ; 2.1.5. - , - ; 145 ( ) (. 1 47 ). . 146 - . 221 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 221 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 221 23.09.2004 14:04:57 23.09.2004 14:04:57 2.1.6. , - ; 2.1.7. - - ; 2.1.8. () ; 2.1.9. , - ; 2.1.10. , - 147, ( - ) , ( () , , , , ), ; 2.1.11. () - , , ; 2.1.12. ; 2.1.13. ; 2.1.14. ; 2.1.15. - ; 2.1.16. - , ; 2.1.17. ; 2.1.18. - 148; 147 , , , . 148 . 222 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 222 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 222 23.09.2004 14:04:57 23.09.2004 14:04:57 19. 2.1.19. , , () , ; 2.1.20. ; 2.1.21. ; 2.1.22. ; 2.1.23. , - , ; 2.1.24. , , - - ; 2.1.25. ; 2.1.26. ( ), 30 , - - , ; 2.1.27. , 149; 2.1.28. , - ; 2.1.29. , ; 2.1.30. , - , - ; 2.1.31. - - - . 2.2. , , - . 149 . 223 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 223 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 223 23.09.2004 14:04:57 23.09.2004 14:04:57 3. 3.1. (), ( - ) 2 . , (), () , . , - , . 3.2. - 150 30151 . 3.3. , , . 3.4. . . 3.5. : 3.5.1. : ____ _________________________, _________________ [ , - ]; 3.5.2. _________________ [ , , , , , ]. 150 , . 151 (. 1 53 ). 224 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 224 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 224 23.09.2004 14:04:57 23.09.2004 14:04:57 19. 3.6. - (). - , - , ( , ), , . 3.7. - : 3.7.1. () (- ); 3.7.2. () . 3.8. : 3.8.1. , , , ; 3.8.2. , - ___ , , - ____ 152; 3.8.3. , - ( , , - ); 3.8.4. , - , , , () ; 3.8.5. , - 153; 152 ( 2.3.1 3) , 5 . 153 . 4 « » 948-1 22 1991 . 225 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 225 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 225 23.09.2004 14:04:58 23.09.2004 14:04:58 3.8.6. , - ; 3.8.7. ___________________________; 3.8.8. ___________________________; 3.8.9. , . 3.9. - . 3.10. - - 5 , 3.2 . - . 3.11. (), - , 3 . 3.12. , - () , - -- , , : 3.12.1. () , - 3.2 ; 3.12.2. () - 3.1 ; 3.12.3. , 3.6, 3.7 3.8 ; 3.12.4. , , 226 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 226 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 226 23.09.2004 14:04:58 23.09.2004 14:04:58 19. () . 3.13. , , - , , - , - . 3.14. : 3.14.1. ; 3.14.2. ; 3.14.3. ; 3.14.4. , , ( ) , - , , . 4. 4.1. : 4.1.1. ( - - ); 4.1.2. , , - , , , ; 4.1.3. , - ; 4.1.4. ; 227 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 227 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 227 23.09.2004 14:04:58 23.09.2004 14:04:58 4.1.5. - ; 4.1.6. (), - , ; 4.1.7. ; 4.1.8. () , . 4.2. , - , 154. 4.3. - , , , . 4.4. , . 4.5. , - , : 4.5.1. -- ; 4.5.2. -- , , , ; 4.5.3. -- , , ; 154 -- , - . - - . 228 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 228 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 228 23.09.2004 14:04:58 23.09.2004 14:04:58 19. 4.5.4. -- , , - - ( - ), -- , , - , -- - ; 4.5.5. , . 4.6. , - , , , - . 4.7. , - , , , , - , - , . 4.8. , - , : 4.8.1. , , ( ) ; 4.8.2. , , , , - , , ( - , , , ); 4.8.3. ( ); 4.8.4. ( ); 4.8.5. (). 4.9. , , 229 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 229 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 229 23.09.2004 14:04:58 23.09.2004 14:04:58 - 65 155. 4.10. , , - , , . 4.11. , , ____________________ [ / , / ] , 1 . , , . 4.12. , - , - , , : 4.12.1. ; 4.12.2. . 4.13. , 4.12, , , . 4.14. - - , , , , : 4.14.1. ; () 155 , - ( 2 1 51 ). 230 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 230 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 230 23.09.2004 14:04:58 23.09.2004 14:04:58 19. 4.14.2. - , , . 4.15. , . - , , , , , , - . 4.16. , , , , , - , - , - . 4.17. 3 , , , - . 4.18. , - , , , , - . 4.19. - _____ , - -- ______ 156. 156 ( 1 52) , 20 , -- 30 . 231 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 231 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 231 23.09.2004 14:04:58 23.09.2004 14:04:58 4.20. : 4.20.1. «___________________________»; 4.20.2. «___________________________». 4.21. ( ) , - , , . (, , ). 4.22. : 4.22.1. - ; 4.22.2. (- ); 4.22.3. , , - , - ; 4.22.4. , , ; 4.22.5. , - ; 4.22.6. ; 4.22.7. (), - , (), . 4.23. , , ( , ), 232 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 232 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 232 23.09.2004 14:04:59 23.09.2004 14:04:59 19. - , «_____ _________». 4.24. (), - , - , , : 4.24.1. , - ; 4.24.2. () - , , ; 4.24.3. , - , - ; 4.24.4. , , , - ; 4.24.5. - . 4.25. , , - , , - , (). - (), , : 4.25.1. , - ; 4.25.2. - - ; 233 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 233 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 233 23.09.2004 14:04:59 23.09.2004 14:04:59 4.25.3. ( ) , , ; 4.25.4. ___________________________; 4.25.5. ___________________________. 4.26. , , , , : 4.26.1. , , , (- ) ; 4.26.2. - , , , , - , 3 ; 4.26.3. , - , - , - ; 4.26.4. , - ; 4.26.5. (); () . 4.27. (), - , - , , - 20 , , , 30 - . 4.28. (), - , , 234 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 234 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 234 23.09.2004 14:04:59 23.09.2004 14:04:59 19. , - , . () , - , . 4.29. , , - 5 - . , , - . 4.30. - . 4.31. , , , 20 . 4.32. : 4.32.1. - ; 4.32.2. ( - ); 4.32.3. , , , , ; 4.32.4. ( ), ; 4.32.5. , «», «» «- »; 4.32.6. -- - - ; 235 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 235 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 235 23.09.2004 14:04:59 23.09.2004 14:04:59 4.32.7. , - - , , «» «», . - , - , - «»; 4.32.8. , - , -- , , -- , - ; 4.32.9. , - , , , - - - , , - , - , ; 4.32.10. , . 4.33. , () , - . 4.34. , ( ) - 236 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 236 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 236 23.09.2004 14:04:59 23.09.2004 14:04:59 19. . , - , , , - , , , . 4.35. , - , , , - 2 , . 4.36. . 5. 5.1. , , . 5.2. - , - , () ( ). 5.3. - , , - , 5.4 . , - , 5.4 , ( 237 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 237 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 237 23.09.2004 14:04:59 23.09.2004 14:04:59 ) , , . , - , - . 5.4. - : 5.4.1. (), 10 - ; 5.4.2. ; 5.4.3. . 5.5. , (), , . 5.6. - , . - , - . , , - 3 - . 5.7. , (), () (), , () . 5.8. - (), . , , ( , - ), . 238 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 238 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 238 23.09.2004 14:04:59 23.09.2004 14:04:59 19. 5.9. - , - , - , (- ), 10 - . , - . 5.10. , , (), 10 - , 40 . 5.11. - , 70 . 5.12. - , , 3 4 . 6. 6.1. , - , , , - , - , . 6.2. , , - , 239 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 239 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 239 23.09.2004 14:05:00 23.09.2004 14:05:00 . ____ . 6.3. , , . 6.4. - , , , , . , - ( , - ), - , - . 6.5. , - , , , , , - , , . 6.6. , , - . 6.7. . 6.8. - ( ), , ( ), - . 6.9. : 6.9.1. , , , ; 6.9.2. , , - () ; 240 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 240 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 240 23.09.2004 14:05:00 23.09.2004 14:05:00 19. 6.9.3. ; 6.9.4. , ; 6.9.5. , - ; 6.9.6. ___________________________; 6.9.7. , - 157. 6.10. , 6.9.6 6.9.7, - . 6.11. , () . 6.12. , , - , - , . 6.13. ( ), , . 6.14. , , - . , - , , ____158. . 6.15. , - , - 157 , , , .. 158 2 . 241 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 241 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 241 23.09.2004 14:05:00 23.09.2004 14:05:00 , . 6.16. - . - . 6.17. - , () . 6.18. - , , 159. 6.19. . 6.20. 1 - . 6.21. , , - . 6.22. , -- - 160. 6.23. , , . 6.24. , - , , - 159 2.9 , , 17/ 31 2002 ., - . 160. 2 67 . , . 242 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 242 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 242 23.09.2004 14:05:00 23.09.2004 14:05:00 19. , - . 6.25. - , - , , - . 6.26. , - - , . 6.27. . ____ - _____ . 6.28. , , - ______________ [ - , - ]. 6.29. , , ___ ___ . 6.30. , . 6.31. , , - - . 6.32. - « -- », - . 6.33. , - , - , , , , , -- . 243 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 243 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 243 23.09.2004 14:05:00 23.09.2004 14:05:00 . - ( , - ) ( ) , - , . 6.34. - . , , - , - . 6.35. - . 6.36. - , , 5 6 . 7. 7.1. - ( , - ) , . 7.2. , - : 7.2.1. - , - ; 7.2.2. () ; 244 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 244 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 244 23.09.2004 14:05:00 23.09.2004 14:05:00 19. 7.2.3. ; 7.2.4. , - , ( - ) , ( () , - , - , , - ) - ; 7.2.5. () , , . 7.3. ( ) . 7.4. , , , - . 8. , 8.1. , -- , : 8.1.1. - ; 8.1.2. ; 8.1.3. - ; 8.1.4. - ; 8.1.5. , , () , ; 8.1.6. , - ; 245 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 245 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 245 23.09.2004 14:05:00 23.09.2004 14:05:00 8.1.7. ; 8.1.8. 161; 8.1.9. , , - 162; 8.1.10. 25 163; 8.1.11. , , - 25 164. 8.2. , - -- , , : 8.2.1. -- , , -- - , - ; 8.2.2. -- - , - . 8.3. - , -- - , . 8.4. , . 161. 3 39 . , . 162. . , . 163. 1 4 39 . , . 164. 2 4 39 . , . 246 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 246 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 246 23.09.2004 14:05:01 23.09.2004 14:05:01 19. 8.5. 15 - - . , - . 8.6. : 8.6.1. - ; 8.6.2. ( ) ; 8.6.3. , , , - , -- - , - ; 8.6.4. , -- - , , - , -- , - () , ; 8.6.5. ; 8.6.6. , , , , , , , , - , -- ; 247 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 247 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 247 23.09.2004 14:05:01 23.09.2004 14:05:01 8.6.7. , , , , ; 8.6.8. , , , , ; 8.6.9. , («», «» «») , ; 8.6.10. - , - ( - ) ; 8.6.11. , - , , ; 8.6.12. - . 8.7. - 15 2 . . , - . 8.8. : 8.8.1. - ; 8.8.2. ( - ); 8.8.3. ( ); 8.8.4. ; 8.8.5. , (, - ); 8.8.6. ; 248 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 248 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 248 23.09.2004 14:05:01 23.09.2004 14:05:01 19. 8.8.7. , , ; 8.8.8. , - , , , , , -- ; 8.8.9. (), - - , - , , , ; 8.8.10. , , , - , ; 8.8.11. , , - , , ; 8.8.12. , («», «» «») , ; 8.8.13. , - ; 8.8.14. , , ; 8.8.15. - ; 8.8.16. . 8.9. , , . 249 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 249 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 249 23.09.2004 14:05:01 23.09.2004 14:05:01 8.10. - . 8.11. - : 8.11.1. - ; 8.11.2. ( - ); 8.11.3. ( ); 8.11.4. ; 8.11.5. , (, - ); 8.11.6. ; 8.11.7. , , , , ; 8.11.8. , , - , , ; 8.11.9. , («», «» «») , ; 8.11.10. , - ; 8.11.11. , - ; 8.11.12. . 8.12. - . 8.13. , - , , , - 250 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 250 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 250 23.09.2004 14:05:01 23.09.2004 14:05:01 19. - : 8.13.1. , , , , - ; 8.13.2. , , ; 8.13.3. , («», «» «»). 8.14. , - ( ), -- , - , , -- - , - , : 8.14.1. , , , - , , - ; 8.14.2. , ; 8.14.3. , , , , - , , , - , , ; 251 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 251 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 251 23.09.2004 14:05:01 23.09.2004 14:05:01 8.14.4. , («», «» «»), , , , - - («», «» «»), , . 8.15. , , - , , , 10 , , , , , «___________ _____». 252 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 252 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 252 23.09.2004 14:05:01 23.09.2004 14:05:01 20 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «______________» . _________________ 200 __ . 253 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 253 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 253 23.09.2004 14:05:02 23.09.2004 14:05:02 1. .............................................................254 2. ....................................................255 3. , , ........................................................256 4. , ................257 5. .....................................257 1. 1.1. ( -- ) «________________» ( -- - ) , . 1.2. - , , , - . 1.3. - ___________165. 1.4. ___% , . 1.5. - . 1.6. - . 165 - () . 254 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 254 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 254 23.09.2004 14:05:02 23.09.2004 14:05:02 20. 2. 2.1. () , - (), - . 2.2. . 2.3. - - , . 2.4. : 2.4.1. , - ; 2.4.2. - (); 2.4.3. ; 2.4.4. . 2.5. - , . 2.6. - , , 3.1 3.2 , - , . 2.7. (- ) , , - - , . 255 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 255 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 255 23.09.2004 14:05:02 23.09.2004 14:05:02 2.8. (- ) : 2.8.1. ; 2.8.2. , 76 « - » ( -- ); 2.8.3. - () - () ; 2.8.4. - , , - - - ; 2.8.5. , . 3. , , 3.1. - (). 3.2. . 3.3. , , - , . 3.4. , , - , - . 3.5. - . 256 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 256 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 256 23.09.2004 14:05:02 23.09.2004 14:05:02 20. 3.6. , - , , . 3.7. - . 4. , 4.1. , , . 4.2. , , , , . 4.3. , ( ), , , . 4.4. , - , , . 4.5. , -- , , - , . 5. 5.1. 166. 5.2. - , 5.1 - ( ). 166 , 60 . 257 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 257 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 257 23.09.2004 14:05:02 23.09.2004 14:05:02 5.3. . 5.4. . . 5.5. , - , , ___ ________________, ( ) . 5.6. , , - , - , () , . 5.7. , , , - . 5.8. _____ - . 5.9. - -- . - . 5.10. - , , , () , , . 5.11. - . , - , . 258 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 258 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 258 23.09.2004 14:05:02 23.09.2004 14:05:02 20. 5.12. : 5.12.1. - () () ; 5.12.2. , - - ; 5.12.3. , . 5.13. , 5.12, - . 5.14. , , , , , , - . 259 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 259 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 259 23.09.2004 14:05:02 23.09.2004 14:05:02 21 «________________________________» __________________________________________ [] ! «________________» ( -- ) , ________ 200_ ______ : ________________________ _________ [, , ]167. _______ 168. 167 , - . . 168 , , , , , (. 2.2.3 2 ). 261 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 261 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 261 23.09.2004 14:05:03 23.09.2004 14:05:03 1. ________________________________________________________________; 2. ________________________________________________________________. , , - ________ 200_ . - ______ _______ [ ] 9.00 18.00 , , : ____________ __________________ [ , ] (): _______ __________________ [], : ________. ( ) - , - ________________________ __________ [ , ] : _________________ [ ]. -- ___________. : ______________ [ ] _________________ [ ]. : ___________ 262 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 262 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 262 23.09.2004 14:05:03 23.09.2004 14:05:03 22 , . _________________ [ ] , ____________________________, _________________ [ ], _____________________ ________________ «___» ____________200__., : . __________________________, . ___________________________, ._____, . ______, _________ [ ] a o «__________________________________», _______, __________ , . ________________________________________________, __________________ [ ], ____________________ ____________ «___» ____________200__., () : . __________________________, . _________________________, ._____ , . ______, 169: 1. ; 2. , - ; 169 , , - , . 263 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 263 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 263 23.09.2004 14:05:03 23.09.2004 14:05:03 3. , ; 4. _________________ [ - ] , ; 5. ; 6. , - . ______, - . ____________________ (..., ) : ___________________ (... ) [ . ________________________170.] 170 3 1 57 , 4 5 185 . 4 185 , , , 4 185 , : · , ; · - ; · , - . 264 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 264 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 264 23.09.2004 14:05:03 23.09.2004 14:05:03 23 , . _________________ [ ] «____________ __________________________» [ - ], «», - ___________________________ [, , ]171, - , _________ [ ] «__________________________» ( -- ), __________ , . ________________________________________________, __________________ [ ], ____________________ ____________ «___» ____________200__., () : . __________________________, . _________________________, ._____ , . ______, 172: 1. ; 2. , - ; 171 , , - . , , , - , (), - (. 13 2002 . 09-126/02-). 172 , , - , . 265 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 265 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 265 23.09.2004 14:05:03 23.09.2004 14:05:03 3. , ; 4. _________________ [ - ] , ; 5. - ; 6. , . ________ , - . _____________________ (, ... ) 173: 1. . 2. ______________________ . 3. , - , . 173 , . 266 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 266 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 266 23.09.2004 14:05:03 23.09.2004 14:05:03 24 1. , , , , 70 65 50 30 20 0 , , , ( ), 2% , : , 2003 . 267 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 267 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 267 23.09.2004 14:05:03 23.09.2004 14:05:03 2. , , , , 40 30 20 0 , , , , - - : , 2003 . 3. - , , , 65 50 30 20 0 , , , ( ), - 2% , : , 2003 . 268 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 268 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 268 23.09.2004 14:05:03 23.09.2004 14:05:03 24. ... 4. - , - , , , 50 45 30 20 0 , , , - : , 2003 . 5. , , , , , - , , , , 70 65 62 50 30 20 0 , , , - ( ), - 2% - , : , 2003 . 269 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 269 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 269 23.09.2004 14:05:04 23.09.2004 14:05:04 6. , , , , , - , , , , , 40 35 32 30 20 0 - - , , , : , 2003 . 270 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 270 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 270 23.09.2004 14:05:04 23.09.2004 14:05:04 IVIV IFC_part_6_rus.indd 271 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 271 23.09.2004 14:05:04 23.09.2004 14:05:04 25 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «______________» . _________________ 200 __ . 273 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 273 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 273 23.09.2004 14:05:04 23.09.2004 14:05:04 1. .............................................................274 2. ..........................274 3. , ...........................................................275 4. ....................276 5. ..............................................279 6. .............................................283 7. , ...............284 8. ................................................286 9. ..............................287 1. 1.1. ( -- - ) «__________________» (- -- ) , - ( -- ). 1.2. . 1.3. , - . 1.4. - . 2. 2.1. - , - . 2.2. - , , , , 274 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 274 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 274 23.09.2004 14:05:04 23.09.2004 14:05:04 25. , - , . 2.3. , . 2.4. ( ), , - . 3. , 3.1. (- , , , - .) ( -- ): 3.1.1. ; 3.1.2. [ , - ], (- -- ); 3.1.3. ; 3.1.4. ; 3.1.5. ___________________________; 3.1.6. ___________________________. 3.2. - , - . , , , , - . 3.3. , - () 275 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 275 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 275 23.09.2004 14:05:04 23.09.2004 14:05:04 , - ( , ). 3.4. - - , - . 3.5. , - . , - . 4. 4.1. [ / , ] , . 4.2. - , - , - , , . 4.3. [ ] - : 4.3.1. - , , , - - ; 4.3.2. , , , - . - . 276 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 276 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 276 23.09.2004 14:05:05 23.09.2004 14:05:05 25. 4.4. - . 4.5. , , : 4.5.1. , , , ; 4.5.2. , ; 4.5.3. , - , . 4.6. ( ): 4.6.1. ; 4.6.2. ; 4.6.3. - ; 4.6.4. , 5 , 174; 4.6.5. 175: 4.6.5.1. , 3.1 ; 4.6.5.2. ; 4.6.5.3. ; 4.6.5.4. ; 4.6.5.5. ___________________________; 4.6.5.6. ___________________________; 174 . 2.1.4 7 . 175 . 2.1.2 7 . 277 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 277 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 277 23.09.2004 14:05:05 23.09.2004 14:05:05 4.6.6. ___________________________; 4.6.7. ___________________________. 4.7. - . - , , : 4.7.1. , - ; 4.7.2. ( 176 () -) - , ; 4.7.3. , ; 4.7.4. -; 4.7.5. , - . 4.8. . - 177: 4.8.1. ; 4.8.2. , - ( ); 4.8.3. ; 4.8.4. ; 4.8.5. ; 4.8.6. , - , . 176. 1.1.1 1.1.2 7 . 177 10 - - 50 (. 1.1.2 7 - ). 278 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 278 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 278 23.09.2004 14:05:05 23.09.2004 14:05:05 25. 5. 5.1. - , - « ». 5.2. : 5.2.1. ; 5.2.2. ( - , - , - , ..); 5.2.3. ; 5.2.4. , - - ; 5.2.5. , 178; 5.2.6. ; 5.2.7. 179; 5.2.8. - ; 5.2.9. ___________________________; 5.2.10. ___________________________. 5.3. - - : 5.3.1. ; 5.3.2. , - - ; 5.3.3. ; 178 - ( ). 179 . 3.3.1 7 , ( , , , , , ). 279 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 279 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 279 23.09.2004 14:05:05 23.09.2004 14:05:05 5.3.4. ; 5.3.5. - . 5.4. , - - , - . 5.5. 180: 5.5.1. ; 5.5.2. () ; 5.5.3. ( - ), , - , , ; 5.5.4. 5 ; 5.5.5. , - , , - , ; 5.5.6. , , , - , 10 - , , ; 5.5.7. ; 5.5.8. , - - ; 5.5.9. , ; 5.5.10. ___________________________; 5.5.11. ___________________________. 180 , 2.3 7 , , - . 280 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 280 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 280 23.09.2004 14:05:05 23.09.2004 14:05:05 25. 5.6. , - - , , . 5.7. , , , - , _______________181. 5.8. 182: 5.8.1. ; 5.8.2. ; 5.8.3. , - , , , , - ; 5.8.4. , , , - , . 5.9. . 5.10. , , : 5.10.1. ; 5.10.2. ; 5.10.3. - ; 5.10.4. ( , , ); 5.10.5. 3 ; 5.10.6. , ; 181 50 . 182 . 2.1 7 . 281 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 281 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 281 23.09.2004 14:05:05 23.09.2004 14:05:05 5.10.7. - ; 5.10.8. - ; 5.10.9. ___________________________; 5.10.10. ___________________________. 5.11. . 30 . 5.12. __________ ____183. 5.13. 1 , . 5.14. - - . 5.15. _______ [] - 184. 5.16. __________________185 10 - . 5.17. , . 5.18. : www.__________________. 183 , . 184. 1.1.1 7 . 185 , . 1.1.2 7 . 282 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 282 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 282 23.09.2004 14:05:05 23.09.2004 14:05:05 25. 6. 6.1. , . 6.2. , 5.2 , - : _____________186. . 6.3. _______________187 : _______________188. , , - ( -- ), () - . - . 6.4. , - . 6.5. - 7 189 - . 6.6. 5 . - . 6.7. ________________190. 186 () . , ( , ). - ( ), . 187 , : , - - , . 188 () . 189 - 5 (. 3.1.1 7). 190 , . 283 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 283 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 283 23.09.2004 14:05:06 23.09.2004 14:05:06 6.8. ____ 191 , , , , . 7. , 7.1. , - , - , - . 7.2. . 7.3. , , - , 192: 7.3.1. ; 7.3.2. ; 7.3.3. ; 7.3.4. ; 7.3.5. ; 7.3.6. ; 7.3.7. _______________. 7.4. - . 7.5. , - , . 191 , 3­5 . 192 , , , , , . 284 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 284 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 284 23.09.2004 14:05:06 23.09.2004 14:05:06 25. 7.6. , , - , - . 7.7. , , - , - . - , , , - - . 7.8. , , 193: 7.8.1. ___________________________; 7.8.2. ___________________________; 7.8.3. ___________________________. 7.9. : 7.9.1. ; 7.9.2. , - ( , , ); 7.9.3. - ; 7.9.4. , ; 7.9.5. ,, , ; 7.9.6. ; 7.9.7. ; 7.9.8. ; 7.9.9. , - , , - ; 7.9.10. , , , - , ; 193 4.1.1. 7 , . 285 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 285 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 285 23.09.2004 14:05:06 23.09.2004 14:05:06 7.9.11. , , ; 7.9.12. ___________________________; 7.9.13. ___________________________. 7.10. , 7.8 , , , - , - . 8. 8.1. , - , - 194. 8.2. : 8.2.1. , - , - ; 8.2.2. ; 8.2.3. ; 8.2.4. , - - . 8.3. ( -- ) - , , , - . 194 , , « », 4.2 7 . , , - , . « ». , , . 286 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 286 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 286 23.09.2004 14:05:06 23.09.2004 14:05:06 25. 8.4. : 8.4.1. ( ), - , , - , ; 8.4.2. , , - , - - ; 8.4.3. , ; 8.4.4. , __________ % __________ % , ; 8.4.5. , - ; 8.4.6. , - ; 8.4.7. ___________________________; 8.4.8. ___________________________. 8.5. . 8.6. . 8.7. - , , - . 9. 9.1. , , - . 287 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 287 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 287 23.09.2004 14:05:06 23.09.2004 14:05:06 9.2. , - , , - . 9.3. - , - . 9.4. , , , , 20% , - - , , : 9.4.1. , () 20% (, ); 9.4.2. , - ; 9.4.3. , - , - . 9.5. - , , . 9.6. - - . 9.7. - - () 10 . 9.8. - , . 9.9. - - - . 288 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 288 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 288 23.09.2004 14:05:06 23.09.2004 14:05:06 26 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «______________________» . _________________ 200 __ . 289 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 289 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 289 23.09.2004 14:05:07 23.09.2004 14:05:07 1. .............................................................290 2. .................................290 3. .....................291 4. , .........................................................................293 5. ..........................................................................294 6. ......................296 7. , .....................................................298 1. 1.1. ( -- ) «________________» ( -- - ) , ( -- ). 1.2. , , , , ( -- ). 1.3. - , - . 1.4. . 1.5. , , - . 2. 2.1. -- - - . 290 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 290 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 290 23.09.2004 14:05:07 23.09.2004 14:05:07 26. 2.2. : 2.2.1. - ( ) ; 2.2.2. -- -- 10 - ; 2.2.3. - ; 2.2.4. ; 2.2.5. , - , ; 2.2.6. ; 2.2.7. ; 2.2.8. , - , ; 2.2.9. , - ; 2.2.10. , - ; 2.2.11. ___________________________; 2.2.12. ___________________________. 3. 3.1. : 3.1.1. - ; 3.1.2. - - ; 3.1.3. - , ; 291 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 291 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 291 23.09.2004 14:05:07 23.09.2004 14:05:07 3.1.4. ; 3.1.5. , ; 3.1.6. ; 3.1.7. , - , , ; 3.1.8. ___________________________; 3.1.9. ___________________________. 3.2. - . 3.3. : 3.3.1. - ________ 195; 3.3.2. , , , ; 3.3.3. ; 3.3.4. - ; 3.3.5. 40 - - , - ; 3.3.6. - - 196; 3.3.7. ___________________________; 3.3.8. ___________________________. 195 , 2 . 196 ( 2.1.2 8); , - . 292 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 292 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 292 23.09.2004 14:05:07 23.09.2004 14:05:07 26. 3.4. , - . 4. , 4.1. , - , . 4.2. . 4.3. , , , - , - , 197. 4.4. . 4.5. , , - . 4.6. - . 4.7. - . 4.8. : 4.8.1. ; 4.8.2. ; 4.8.3. ; 4.8.4. ___________________________; 4.8.5. ___________________________. 4.9. - . 197 , - . 293 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 293 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 293 23.09.2004 14:05:07 23.09.2004 14:05:07 5. 5.1. , 2 - . 5.2. - ___ 198. 5.3. - , - . 5.4. , ( ) - , , . 5.5. : 5.5.1. : ___ _______________________, _______________ [- , ]; 5.5.2. _________________ [ , - , ] , , . 5.6. - , , - 199. 198 30 - , ( 1 53 ). 199. , - , 17/ 31 2002 . 294 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 294 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 294 23.09.2004 14:05:07 23.09.2004 14:05:07 26. 5.7. : 5.7.1. () (- ); 5.7.2. () . 5.8. : 5.8.1. , , , ; 5.8.2. , - ( , , ); 5.8.3. , ___ , , - ____ 200; 5.8.4. , - , , , () ; 5.8.5. , , - ; 5.8.6. , - ; 5.8.7. - ; 5.8.8. , ( ); 5.8.9. ___________________________; 5.8.10. , . 5.9. - . 200 ( 2.3.1 3) , 5 . 295 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 295 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 295 23.09.2004 14:05:07 23.09.2004 14:05:07 5.10. . , - . 5.11. - - 5 , - 5.2 . 5.12. (), , 3 - . 5.13. , , : 5.13.1. () , - 5.2 ; 5.13.2. () - 5.1 ; 5.13.3. , 5.7 5.8 . 5.14. . 6. 6.1. , , . 6.2. - . 6.3. : 6.3.1. ; 6.3.2. ; 296 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 296 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 296 23.09.2004 14:05:08 23.09.2004 14:05:08 26. 6.3.3. , - 10% ; 6.3.4. . 6.4. - - _____ - . _____ 201. 6.5. , . , . - , , , . , - 202. 6.6. - , - .- . 6.7. , , . 6.8. . , . _____ . 6.9. , 201 , - - 30 - . 90 . 202 . 3.1.4 8 . 297 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 297 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 297 23.09.2004 14:05:08 23.09.2004 14:05:08 - . 6.10. _____ . , , - , . 6.11. - . 6.12. , - . 6.13. - , . 6.14. , - , - . 6.15. - , 203. 6.16. - , . 7. , 7.1. - , , . 7.2. _______. 7.3. _____ . 203. 3.1.2 8 . 298 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 298 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 298 23.09.2004 14:05:08 23.09.2004 14:05:08 27 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «______________» . _________________ 200 __ . 299 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 299 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 299 23.09.2004 14:05:08 23.09.2004 14:05:08 1. .............................................................300 2. , ..........301 3. .............................................................302 4. , ...........................302 5. .............................................303 6. ..........................................................304 7. , ....304 8. .................306 1. .........................................307 2. .............................................308 1. 1.1. ( -- ) «________________» ( -- - ) , ( -- )204. 1.2. , , - , - 204 - . . : · Internal Control. Guidance for Directors on the Combined Code. The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales, 1999; · Implementing Turnbull -- A Boardroom Briefing. The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales, 1999; · A Risk Management Standard. The Institute of Risk Management (IRM), the Association of Insurance and Risk Managers (AIRMIC), The National Forum for Risk Management in the Public Sector, 2002; · Internal Control -- Integrated Framework, Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), U.K; · Act on Corporate Control and Transparency (KonTraG), Germany. 300 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 300 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 300 23.09.2004 14:05:08 23.09.2004 14:05:08 27. , , - , . 2. , 2.1. , - . (), - (). 2.2. . , , , , . 2.3. , . - . 2.4. - . , . 2.5. , . 2.6. : 2.6.1. - ,- ,,- ; 2.6.2. , , ; 301 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 301 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 301 23.09.2004 14:05:08 23.09.2004 14:05:08 2.6.3. , -- , - ; 2.6.4. ; 2.6.5. ___________________________. 3. 3.1. () . (), , , s , , , - . 3.2. , - , . - . , . 4. , 4.1. . 4.2. , (, , ..), « »205. 205 . -- - . . 302 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 302 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 302 23.09.2004 14:05:08 23.09.2004 14:05:08 27. 4.3. - , -- , - . - - . 4.4. - , . 4.5. - . 206. 5. 5.1. - () . , , - . 5.2. , , . 5.3. , , : 5.3.1. ; 5.3.2. ; 5.3.3. ( ); 5.3.4. (, , ); 5.3.5. ; 5.3.6. ___________________________. 206 , . . . , , - . 303 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 303 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 303 23.09.2004 14:05:09 23.09.2004 14:05:09 5.4. , , : 5.4.1. ; 5.4.2. - ; 5.4.3. , - ; 5.4.4. ___________________________. 6. 6.1. . 7. , 7.1. - - , . 7.2. - . 7.3. - -- _______ [, , , ] ( -- ). : 7.3.1. ; 7.3.2. ; 7.3.3. ___________________________; 7.3.4. ___________________________; 7.3.5. ___________________________. 7.4. 1 _____ - : 7.4.1. , , - , ; 304 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 304 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 304 23.09.2004 14:05:09 23.09.2004 14:05:09 27. 7.4.2. ; 7.4.3. « »; 7.4.4. ; 7.4.5. ___________________________. 7.5. . 7.6. , - - . 7.7. , , , , . 7.8. , . 7.9. - [ - ]. 7.10. : 7.10.1. , - ; 7.10.2. - ; 7.10.3. ; 7.10.4. - ; 7.10.5. - ; 7.10.6. ___________________________. 7.11. : 7.11.1. - , 305 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 305 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 305 23.09.2004 14:05:09 23.09.2004 14:05:09 , ; 7.11.2. , - , - - ; 7.11.3. , - ; 7.11.4. - , ( ) - - ; 7.11.5. - ; 7.11.6. ___________________________. 8. 8.1. - . , - , , - . 8.2. : 8.2.1. , ; 8.2.2. , ; 8.2.3. ; 8.2.4. , - , ; 8.2.5. ___________________________. 306 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 306 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 306 23.09.2004 14:05:09 23.09.2004 14:05:09 27. 1. / : _______________ :_________________ 1. : / 2. : 3. : ( , ) :______________ :___________ :___________ :_________________ :___________ :___________ :__________________ :___________ :___________ 307 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 307 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 307 23.09.2004 14:05:09 23.09.2004 14:05:09 ] ] ] ] [ [ [ [ : , , ) , , : ( , - - (), - - (), : () ] - [ : 2. : , ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] , [ : [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ , , - - 1 2 3 308 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 308 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 308 23.09.2004 14:05:09 23.09.2004 14:05:09 28 «_____________________________» ____ «___» _______ 200__ . ____________________________ [..] «_______________________» . _________________ 200 __ . 309 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 309 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 309 23.09.2004 14:05:09 23.09.2004 14:05:09 1. .............................................................310 2. ............310 3. ...311 4. ............................................................312 5. ..................................................................313 6. .........................................................313 7. ..314 8. ......314 9. , ......314 1. ...317 2. ......................................319 1. 1.1. ( -- ) «________________» ( -- - ) , ( -- ). 1.2. , , , . 2. 2.1. -- , , - : 2.1.1. ; 2.1.2. ; 310 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 310 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 310 23.09.2004 14:05:10 23.09.2004 14:05:10 28. 2.1.3. - . 2.2. : 2.2.1. ; 2.2.2. ; 2.2.3. ; 2.2.4. ; 2.2.5. . 3. 3.1. : 3.1.1. -- ; 3.1.2. - -- - ; 3.1.3. -- , , , ,,- ; 3.1.4. -- - ; 3.1.5. , , ( , ); 311 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 311 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 311 23.09.2004 14:05:10 23.09.2004 14:05:10 3.1.6. , , ; 3.1.7. - ; 3.1.8. -- - - , - ; 3.1.9. -- - , - ; 3.1.10. ; 3.1.11. , -- , , ( « -- ») ; 3.1.12. . 4. 4.1. - , - , . 4.2. : 4.2.1. , ; 4.2.2. ; 4.2.3. , - , - , ; 312 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 312 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 312 23.09.2004 14:05:10 23.09.2004 14:05:10 28. 4.2.4. - . 5. 5.1. , , - ___________________________207. 6. 6.1. -- - , () - , . 6.2. : 6.2.1. - ; 6.2.2. ; 6.2.3. , ; 6.2.4. ; 6.2.5. ; 6.2.6. ; 6.2.7. ; 6.2.8. - ; 6.2.9. ; 6.2.10. ; 6.2.11. ; 6.2.12. ,- , ; 6.2.13. ___________________________; 6.2.14. ___________________________. 207 , - . . 27. 313 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 313 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 313 23.09.2004 14:05:10 23.09.2004 14:05:10 7. 7.1. , - . 7.2. - , . 7.3. - , . , - , - . 7.4. - . 7.5. . 8. 8.1. , - , - . 8.2. : 8.2.1. (. 1 ); 8.2.2. - (. 2 ). 9. , 9.1. , , - . 314 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 314 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 314 23.09.2004 14:05:10 23.09.2004 14:05:10 28. 9.2. [ () , ] , - . 9.3. - . - , . 9.4. - __________208, , - [ , ] - - . - [ , ], -- . 9.5. - _______ . - - 209: 9.5.1. ___________________________; 9.5.2. ___________________________; 9.5.3. ___________________________. 9.6. - - , 1 _____ . 9.7. - [ ] - [ ]. 9.8. - - ____ 210. 208 - - , . 209 , , ________ _________ . . 210 . 404 -- (, 2002 .). . 315 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 315 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 315 23.09.2004 14:05:10 23.09.2004 14:05:10 9.9. - : 9.9.1. - ; 9.9.2. - , ; 9.9.3. , ; 9.9.4. , - ; 9.9.5. ___________________________; 9.9.6. ___________________________. 9.10. , - . 9.11. - : 9.11.1. ; 9.11.2. ; 9.11.3. ; 9.11.4. . 9.12. . - , , , , - . 9.13. - . 316 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 316 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 316 23.09.2004 14:05:10 23.09.2004 14:05:10 28. 1. 211 - 1. - , , (- ). 2. - , , - ( ). 3. -- , - , , - ( ). , 4. , - , , - () . 5. , , - . 6. , , - - . 7. , . 8. , - . 9. , - - . 10. - , , : · ( ); · ( ); · ( - ); · ( - ). 211 . 317 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 317 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 317 23.09.2004 14:05:11 23.09.2004 14:05:11 1) - , : , , . 2) - - . - , . 40 60%, - . 40%, , 60% -- . 3) - - . - (. 2 ). 4) . - . , , - , , . , - , , - . -- , - , , . 318 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 318 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 318 23.09.2004 14:05:11 23.09.2004 14:05:11 28. 2. 212 1. ? 2. - (, - ) - ? 3. - - ? 4. , , - , - - ? 5. - (, - ) - , ? 6. ? - ? - ? , , ? 7. - ? - , - ? ? 8. , - ? - ? 9. - ( - , , - - , ) - ? ? - ? 10. - ? ? , - , ? 212 . 319 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 319 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 319 23.09.2004 14:05:11 23.09.2004 14:05:11 () 11. - - , ? - (, - )? 12. - ? 13. - - ? - - ? - , - ? 14. - - - ? ? 15. - ? - ? - ? 16. , ? ? - - ? 17. - (, , ) ? 18. ? - ? 19. - - ? ? - ? 20. -- (, )? - ? , - ? 320 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 320 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 320 23.09.2004 14:05:11 23.09.2004 14:05:11 28. () 21. ? - ? - - ? 22. ? ? - , ? 23. - - , ? 24. ? - , - , ? , - ? 25. ? , ? - , , ? 26. - ? - ? 27. - , ? , - ? ? -- ? - ? - ? - ? 28. ? 29. ? 30. / ? ? 321 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 321 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 321 23.09.2004 14:05:12 23.09.2004 14:05:12 () 31. - ? - ? 32. , - ? 33. ? ? , - ? 34. - ? - ? - - -? , ? 35. - ? 36. ? - ? ? ? 37. , ? - ? - ? 38. - ? - ? ? 39. ? - ? 40. ? 41. - ? ? 42. - ? - - ? 322 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 322 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 322 23.09.2004 14:05:12 23.09.2004 14:05:12 28. () 43. - (, - )? ? 44. ? - ? - - ? - ? 45. - ? - , ? 46. - ? , - ? - , ? 47. () ? ? 48. - ? ? - ? 49. ? , - ? 50. - ? -- - -- ? 51. ? : 52. ? ? - ? 53. ? 54. , - ? 55. - ? ? ? - ? ? 323 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 323 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 323 23.09.2004 14:05:12 23.09.2004 14:05:12 : () 56. , - - ? 57. - ? , - ? , ? 58. ________ [ , - , , ] ? - ? ? 59. ? ? 60. _____ [ ]? ? 61. () _____ [ ] - ? 62. _____ [ ]? 63. _____ [ ]? 64. ? 65. «» _______ [ ]? 66. - , , / ? : 67. - , , , , , - , ? - ? 68. ? - - , ? 69. , - , .. - , ? 324 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 324 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 324 23.09.2004 14:05:13 23.09.2004 14:05:13 28. : () 70. , ? 71. , ? 72. , - - , - ? 73. , - , , , , , ? : 74. ? 75. -- ? 76. , - , - , , ? 77. - , (, - )? 78. - ? 79. - - - ? 80. - ( , ) ? 81. - ? 82. - (, -- )? 325 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 325 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 325 23.09.2004 14:05:13 23.09.2004 14:05:13 : () 83. (, «», , )? 84. - ? 85. ? 86. - ? 87. - , ? 88. , - ? : 89. - ? ? - , ? 90. - ? 91. ? 92. ? 93. ? ? 94. , - ? -- ? , ? 95. ? - ? 96. , ? - , , - ? ? 97. , ? - , - ? ? 326 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 326 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 326 23.09.2004 14:05:13 23.09.2004 14:05:13 28. : () 98. ? ? 99. , , - - ? 100. , - , , - ? 101. , , ? , - ? ? 102. ____ [ -- ] , ? 103. , ? 104. ? , ? 105. - ? 106. ? 107. ? 108. ? 109. (-, - , ) ? 110. - ? , () - . - , : · ( ), ; · , , . 327 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 327 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 327 23.09.2004 14:05:14 23.09.2004 14:05:14 1) , , 1 - , - . 2) . , , - . , , - 213. 3) , , . - , - , - , () 214. 213 : · , ; · ; · ; · , - ( 168 ). 214 : · ; · ; · - ; · ; · ; · , . 328 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 328 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 328 23.09.2004 14:05:14 23.09.2004 14:05:14 29 I. , .......329 1. ........................................330 2. ...............................330 3. .................332 4. ................................................................333 II. ..........................................334 1. ..................................................................................334 2. ...........................................................................334 3. .................................334 4. ................................................................335 5. .............................................................................................335 6. , ..................................................337 7. ..........................................338 8. .....................339 9. , .........340 10. ..................................341 11. ..............................341 12. , ....................342 I. , - , - . - 329 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 329 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 329 23.09.2004 14:05:14 23.09.2004 14:05:14 , . - . 1. -- , - . - - . , . , - , , , . - , , , - . , , , . , - , . 2. a) - .,- , : · ; · ; · - ( - ); · , . 330 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 330 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 330 23.09.2004 14:05:14 23.09.2004 14:05:14 29. b) - . - : , , - , , , . , . · ? · , , , , - ? · ? · - ? c) . - , - . d) , - , . , - , , - , , , , - , . - , , , - , . , , , -- . 331 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 331 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 331 23.09.2004 14:05:15 23.09.2004 14:05:15 3. - : · « » 208- 26 - 1995 .; · « » 129- 21 1996 .; · « - » 101 28 1996 .; · « , - » 17/ 31 2002 . ( -- 17/); · « - » 421/ 4 2002 . ( -- ). - : · ; · , , , , - , 215; · 30 ; 215 1 7 « » 119- 7 2001 . , - ( ), , - , - ( , ) 500 - 200 - . 332 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 332 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 332 23.09.2004 14:05:15 23.09.2004 14:05:15 29. · , - , ; · , , ; · , , -- ; · 1 216. , - , - . 4. - . . 31 2002 . 17/ « - , - » - . . 17/ - - ; ; - ; ; - ; 216 . 1.1 « - » 101 28 1996 . 333 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 333 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 333 23.09.2004 14:05:15 23.09.2004 14:05:15 , ; , - , - . II. 1. , . : · ; · . 2. - , , -- - , . 3. ( ) - . , - : · ; · ; · ; · - ; 334 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 334 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 334 23.09.2004 14:05:15 23.09.2004 14:05:15 29. · , ; · . 4. , . , . - , : · , ( ); · , ; · , - ; · ; · ; · , , , - , - . 5. , , , , . , - « », - - , . , - - . - 335 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 335 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 335 23.09.2004 14:05:15 23.09.2004 14:05:15 , . , - , , , - . , - , , , , . , - , - , , . , : · , - ; · , - ; · , - , , , , , (, - () ( )), , (, - ) ; · , ( ); · ( ) ; · - , , - , 336 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 336 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 336 23.09.2004 14:05:15 23.09.2004 14:05:15 29. , , - , , , ; · - , , ( ), , , , , - - ; · - ; · , , - , , , . 6. , . , , - . , - , , ; , , - , - . , : · , - - ; · , ; 337 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 337 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 337 23.09.2004 14:05:16 23.09.2004 14:05:16 · , , , ; · , , ; · ; · , - , . 7. , , - . - , . -- , . , . - , , -- 20 . . - , 5 . . - : · - , , , , , ; · , - ; 338 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 338 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 338 23.09.2004 14:05:16 23.09.2004 14:05:16 29. · , - ; · . 8. , , - , , - , - , , . , - . - . - - , . , , , - : · ; · - 217; · , - , , ; 217 (.: www.ifc.org/rcgp). 339 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 339 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 339 23.09.2004 14:05:16 23.09.2004 14:05:16 · ; · ; · , - ; · , - , ; · , ; · , , - ; · . 9. , , - , -- , . , ( , - ): · ; · - ; · , ; 340 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 340 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 340 23.09.2004 14:05:16 23.09.2004 14:05:16 29. · , - ; · . 10. - - , . , , (, ), - - . : · , , - ; · , - , , - , ; · ; · ; · , - . 11. , , , - , - . -- , - , - . , , 341 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 341 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 341 23.09.2004 14:05:16 23.09.2004 14:05:16 , - , . , , , - . 12. , , , . , , . 342 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 342 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 342 23.09.2004 14:05:16 23.09.2004 14:05:16 30 English 1. ( - ADR (American Depository Receipts): ): , Certificates that are traded in the United States representing shares of corporations . listed outside of the United States mar- - ket. . 2. : - Shareholder of Record: The name of an , individual or entity that an issuer carries - in its records as the registered holder (not ( - necessarily the beneficial owner) of the ) - issuer's securities. . Synonyms: Stockholder of Record, Hold- er of Record, or Owner of Record. 3. : Equity: An ownership interest in a com- . pany. 4. : - Audit: An examination and verification - of a company's financial and accounting - records and supporting documents by a professional and independent External 218. Auditor. 5. : , - Auditor: A person certified at the govern- - ment level to conduct an audit. . Synonym: External Auditor. 218 , , . 343 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 343 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 343 23.09.2004 14:05:17 23.09.2004 14:05:17 English 6. : , - External Auditor: The auditor responsible - for conducting the audit of the financial . statements of the company. : . Synonym: Independent Auditor. .: . See related: Annual Report. 7. : Affiliated Person: A physical person or a , - legal entity that can influence the activity of legal entities, and/or physical persons () , - who are engaged in entrepreneurial activ- - ity. . See more detailed definition in Part III, . - Chapter 12, Section B. 12 III. 8. : - Book Value: Value of a company or of - , - an asset according to accounting records. The book value does not always bear a . relation to the fair market value of an - asset or a company. . 9. : - Bankrupt: A person, firm, or company , that has been declared insolvent through . a court proceeding. 10. : , - Bankruptcy: A proceeding in a state court - in which an insolvent debtor's assets are , liquidated and the debtor is relieved of - further liability. . See related: Liquidation. .: . 11. « »: - Ex-Dividend: The time period between . - the declaration of a dividend and the pay- , ment of the dividend. Shares bought dur- , ing this period are not entitled to dividend . payments. 12. : , Ballot: Any printed or written document - used in voting during the GMS. . 344 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 344 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 344 23.09.2004 14:05:17 23.09.2004 14:05:17 30. -... English 13. ( - Listed: Traded on a stock exchange. ): . 14. - Extraordinary General Meeting of Share- : , , holders (EGM): Any General Meeting of . Shareholders other than an AGM. 15. : - External Director: A director who is not , - an employee of the company. . Synonyms:Non-ExecutiveDirectororOut- : . side Director. : . Antonym: Internal Director. 16. : Internal Audit: An appraisal of the finan- cial health of a company's operations by . , - its own employees. Employees who carry , - out this function are called Internal Audi- . tors. 17. : - Inside Director: A director who is an , - employee of the company. . Synonym: Executive Director. : . Antonyms: Outside Director, External : - Director or Non-executive Director. . 18. (): Beneficiary: An individual or legal entity , - that receives, or may become eligible to receive, benefits under a will, insurance - policy, retirement plan, annuity, trust, or , , other contract. , , - (- ) . 19. : - Spin-Off: An independent company cre- ated from an existing part of another . company through a divestiture. 20. : Issue: The group of securities of the com- , - pany which confer upon their holders . identical rights. 345 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 345 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 345 23.09.2004 14:05:17 23.09.2004 14:05:17 English 21. - Issued and Outstanding: Shares of a com- : - pany, which have been issued and are . - outstanding. These shares represent capi- - tal invested by the firm's shareholders. ., Shares that have been issued and subse- - quently repurchased by the company are , - called treasury share, because they are held , in the corporate treasury pending reissue - or retirement. Treasury shares are legally . - issued but are not considered outstanding , - for purposes of voting, dividends, or earn- - ings per share calculations. , . 22. ( - Generally Accepted Accounting Princi- ): ples (GAAP): A widely accepted set of , , - rules, conventions, standards, and proce- dures for reporting financial information, , as established by accounting standard set- . - ters. Best known is US GAAP though other , countries may also refer to their standards as GAAP. Russian Accounting Standards . - (RAS) are used in the Russian Federation though some companies also prepare state- , ments in accordance with US GAAP or International Financial Reporting Stan- - dards (IFRS), most often when they seek foreign listings. (), , - , - . 23. : General Director: An individual execu- , - tive body of the company responsible for - the day-to-day management of the com- . pany. Synonym: Chief Executive Officer (CEO). 24. : , - Annual Report: A document that must be - provided to a company's shareholders and - other interested parties for the AGM. It usually includes a full set of financial . , statements, including notes, the report of , the External Auditor and the Revision 346 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 346 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 346 23.09.2004 14:05:17 23.09.2004 14:05:17 30. -... English , - Commission, management's discussion of , - results, as well as commentary on corpo- , - rate governance and the outlook of the - company. , . 25. :- Annual General Meeting of Shareholders , - (AGM): A General Meeting of Sharehold- 2 ers held not earlier than two months and 6 - not later than six months after the end of - each reporting year, at which shareholders, directors, and management discuss the . company's results and future. : Synonyms: General Meeting or Annual . . : - Meeting. . See related: Extraordinary Meeting. 26. : - Voting Shares: Common shares, and pre- , ferred shares when providing such rights on all agenda items (if dividends were not fully paid) or certain items (e.g. reorga- ( - nization). ) (, - ). 27. : Administrative Authorities: Governmen- -- - tal authorities. . In the context of this Manual: Regulators. 28. : , Fixing Date: The date set by the company on which an individual must own shares - in order to be eligible to vote at GMS or , receive a dividend. - Synonym: Record Date. . 29. : - Capacity: Legal qualification, generally in terms of age, residence, and character , - necessary for certain purposes, such as for holding office, for marrying, making con- . tracts. Sometimes translated from Russian as Dispositive Capacity. Synonym: Competency. 347 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 347 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 347 23.09.2004 14:05:17 23.09.2004 14:05:17 English 30. : - Dividend: A portion of the net profits of , - the company distributed to the sharehold- . ers of a company. 31. : Director: .: . See: Board Member. 32. : 1) - Capital Surplus: 1. A part of the compa- , , ny's equity which typically results from , , funds accumulated from any re-valuation of non-current assets and the positive , - difference between the nominal value and - the issuing value of the company's shares. - 2. Common umbrella term for more spe- ; 2) cific classifications such as acquired sur- , - plus, additional paid-in capital, donated , - surplus, and re-evaluation surplus (arising , from appraisals). , Synonyms: Paid-In Surplus; Surplus, Ad- , , - ditional Paid-In Capital. . 33. : , Proxy Card: The instrument by which - Shareholders cast their votes, or assign ( their proxy. ). 34. : , . Debtor: The entity that is liable for debts. : . Synonym: Borrower. 35. :,- Subsidiary: A company that is owned outright or controlled by a parent com- () . pany. 36. : Split of shares: The process of converting 1 () one share of a specific type and class 2 into two or more shares of the same type (). and class. : . Antonym: Consolidation of Shares. 37. - Quarterly Report: Unaudited document : - reporting the financial results for the quar- , ter. . 348 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 348 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 348 23.09.2004 14:05:17 23.09.2004 14:05:17 30. -... English 38. : , - Stakeholder: Any party that has an inter- est or stake in a company. . 39. : - Voting in Absentia: The opportunity to vote without physically participating at a . GMS. 40. : Auditor's Report: An auditor's opinion - on the accuracy of the company's finan- , , cial statements commonly included in the . annual report. 41. : - Closed Joint Stock Company: A joint , - stock company the shares of which have limited transferability. . Synonym: Closely-Held or Private Com- pany. 42. : - Written Consent: A way of participating in the GMS or a meeting of the governing - body by sending a written document to the company with voting results. . 43. : , - Anti-Takeover Defense: A device designed - to prevent a takeover of the company. . 44. : - Golden Share: A special right of the state - to participate in the governance of the . company. 45. : - Registered Security: A security whose , - owner's name is recorded on the face of ( the security certificate or books of the ) issuer (for non-documentary securities). ( - ). 46. : , - Insider: Individual with access to mate- - rial information before it is announced to . the public. 349 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 349 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 349 23.09.2004 14:05:18 23.09.2004 14:05:18 English 47. : - Insider Dealing: Trading by insiders based - on Insider Information. . 48. : - Insider Information: Material informa- , tion about a company known to insiders ( , (generally, Board members, management, , () - and/or employees) but not to the public. ), . 49. : - Executive Director: A member of a com- , pany's Supervisory Board who is also an . employee of the company. 50. : - Executive Body: For the purposes of this Manual, the governing bodies of a corpo- ration are divided into oversight bodies . - and Executive Bodies. The executive bod- - ies include the General Director and the . Executive Board. .: . See: Oversight Bodies. 51. : , - Treasury Shares: Shares reacquired by the issuing company and available for retire- . - ment or resale. Treasury shares cannot be , voted and receive dividends. They are not . included in any of the ratios measuring - values per common share. - . 52. - Supermajority: Any vote requiring more : , than simple majority of votes, commonly, - , two-thirds or three-fourths. - . ¾ - . 53. : Quorum: The minimum percentage of , - votes of shareholders or directors that must be present at a meeting in order for , a vote to be legally effective. . 350 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 350 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 350 23.09.2004 14:05:18 23.09.2004 14:05:18 30. -... English 54. : - Audit Committee: A committee of the , Supervisory Board that oversees the com- , pany's financial reporting, risk manage- - ment, and internal audit processes. . 55. : , Compensation: Reimbursement for ex- - penses incurred while fulfilling official . - duties. In the context of this Manual, the - term compensation is used for members . - of the Revision Commission. Different from remuneration, which includes wag- , , es, bonuses, perks, and other benefits. . 56. : - Convertible Security: A bond or preferred , share that is exchangeable at the option - of the holder for common share (or pre- - ferred share of another class) of the issu- ( - ing company. ) . 57. : , Controlling Shareholder: A shareholder - who personally or with affiliated parties - effectively controls decision-making in the company . 58. : , - Conflict of Interests: A situation that , , - occurs when a person in a position of trust , needs to exercise judgment on behalf of , - others but also has interests that might , compromise the exercise of his judgment. - In such a situation, the person is gener- . ally required to abstain from making any - judgments. - . 59. : - Consolidation of shares: The process of 2 converting two or several shares of the () 1 - same type and class into one share of the (). same type and class. : . Synonym: Reverse Split. Antonym: Split. 351 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 351 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 351 23.09.2004 14:05:18 23.09.2004 14:05:18 English 60. -:- Control and Revision Service: An internal , - company department that is responsible for carrying out internal control on a daily basis as recommended by the Code . of Corporate Conduct of the Federal Com- . . mission for the Securities Market (here- inafter the FCSM Code). See: Internal Audit. 61. : Corporate Governance: The structures and processes for the direction and control . of companies. . , See: Chapter 1 for other definitions. 1. 62. () : Majority Shareholder: A shareholder who , alone or with a group of affiliated parties - exercises significant control over the com- - pany. . See related: Controlling Shareholder. . : - . 63. : Extraordinary Transaction: A sale of as- , - sets or a substantial portion of the com- pany that requires shareholder or Super- . visory Board approval. The term is often translated from Russian as Major Transac- tion, Major Deal, or Large Transaction and Large Deal. 64. : - Cumulative Voting: A method of voting , - when each shareholder entitled to vote at , - an election of directors has the right to cast a number of votes equal to the num- , ber of voting shares held by the share- , - holder multiplied by the number of direc- tors to be elected, and the shareholder , - may cast all such votes in favor of one , candidate or distribute them among the candidates in any manner. See related: Standard Voting. . . : . 352 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 352 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 352 23.09.2004 14:05:18 23.09.2004 14:05:18 30. -... English 65. : - Liquidation: To sell all of a company's , assets, pay outstanding debts, and distrib- - ute the remainder to shareholders, and then go out of business. . 66. - International Financial Reporting Stan- (): - dards (IFRS): Accounting standards pro- , mulgated by the International Accounting - Standards Board (IASB). (). 67. : , - Management: The group of individuals . who run the day-to-day operations of the company. 68. : , Minority Shareholder: A shareholder with 50% less than 50% ownership of a company's , voting shares, or insufficient ownership - to control company operations. . See related: Majority Shareholder. . : () . 69. : - Supervisory Board: Part of a two-tier , - board structure. The Supervisory Board - provides strategic guidance and exercises - oversight over the Executive Board. The Supervisory Board corresponds to the . - Board of Directors in a unitary board system. . See related: Executive Board and Board . : - of Directors. . 70. : - Oversight Bodies: The bodies of the com- , pany tasked with oversight functions in- . - cluding the Supervisory Board and the GMS. . 71. : - Best Practice: The best procedures that , - can be observed in multinational and na- - tional companies for which other compa- nies should aim. . 353 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 353 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 353 23.09.2004 14:05:18 23.09.2004 14:05:18 English 72. : - Immovable property: Immovable prop- , erty includes land, land interior, detached , - water objects, and everything else that is , , tightly attached to the earth, detachment , of which without a material damage to - their purpose is impossible, including for- , , - ests, long-term plants, buildings, and con- , , - structions. . 73. : Independent Auditor: . . See: External Auditor. . : , See related: Annual Report, Auditor and . Independence. 74.: Independence: The freedom from control . - or influence of others. The concept of - independence is used in different contexts : in this Manual: 1) with respect to Super- 1) - visory Board members; 2) with respect to ; 2) - the independent External Auditor; 3) with - respect to the Internal Auditor, and 4) In- ; 3) dependent Appraiser. ; 4) - See: Annex 18 for the definition of an . independent director. . - 18. 75. : - Non-Executive Director: A member of a , - company's Supervisory Board who is not () - a manager (an employee) of the compa- . ny. : . Synonyms: Outside Director or External Director. 76. : , - Non-StandardOperations: Operations that -- go beyond the scope of the financial and ( - economic plan of the company as defined , by the FCSM Code. ). 77. : - Nominal Value: Value of a bond or a , - share as given on "the face" of the cer- - tificate or instrument. . 354 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 354 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 354 23.09.2004 14:05:19 23.09.2004 14:05:19 30. -... English 78. : Nominal Shareholder: A person or orga- , - nization named to act on behalf of some- . one else. Synonym: Nominee Shareholder. 79. : , Nominee: The person, bank, or brokerage , - in whose name securities are transferred. . 80. : - Bond: A debt corporate security that ob- , - ligates the issuer to pay the holder a spec- - ified sum of money, usually at specific , , - intervals, and to repay the principal amount , at maturity. Bondholders have no corpo- rate ownership and governance rights as . , - shareholders do. , - Synonym: Debenture. . 81. : GeneralMeetingofShareholders(GMS):The . highest governing body of the company. . : . Synonym: General Assembly. See related: Notice. 82. ():- Company (Joint Stock Company): A le- , - gal entity the charter capital of which is divided into a defined number of shares. . Synonym: Corporation. : , . 83. : Authorized Shares: Maximum number of , - shares of any class a company may issue - in addition to issued and outstanding . shares. 84. : , - Common Share: The type of shares that - grants to their owners certain voting and - property rights. . Synonyms: Ordinary Share or Ordinary Stock. 85. : - Dividends Payable: The amount of divi- , - dends to be paid as reported in the finan- . cial statements. 355 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 355 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 355 23.09.2004 14:05:19 23.09.2004 14:05:19 English 86. : , Governing Bodies: Structures that are in- . volved in the governance of the company. , They include the GMS, the Supervisory , Board, the General Director, and the Ex- . - ecutive Board. For the purposes of this - Manual, governing bodies are divided : into two subsets: oversight bodies that , - exercise an oversight function and execu- , , - tive bodies that are responsible for the - day-to-day management of the com- . pany. 87. : - Divestiture: The disposition or sale of an , asset by a company. A company will often , - divest an asset that is not performing well, , , - is not part of the company's core business, or that may be worth more as a separate entity than as part of the company. - . 88. : , - Transfer Balance Sheet: An act drawn up , - in case of consolidation, merger, and trans- , , formation by which assets and liabilities of reorganizing company(ies) are trans- - ferred to newly created company(ies). () - (). 89. (): - Redemption: The return of an investor's principal in a security at or before matu- . rity. 90. : Takeover: Acquisition of control of a company, called a target, by purchase or . exchange of shares. A takeover may be - either hostile or friendly. . 91. : - Accountability: The liability of manage- - ment and the Supervisory Board to share- - holders and other stakeholders for corpo- rate performance and the actions of the . company. 356 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 356 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 356 23.09.2004 14:05:19 23.09.2004 14:05:19 30. -... English 92. : Subscription: An agreement to buy new- . ly issued securities. 93. : - By-laws: The internal rules and regula- , , - tions that govern a company's structures, . policies, and procedures. : - Synonym: Internal Corporate Docu- . ments. 94. : - Benefits: A payment or entitlement, such - as one made under an employment or - - service agreement, such as health insur- , - ance, vacation, a company car, a phone , , allowance, etc. , - .. 95. ( - Listing Requirements: The conditions set ): , - by a stock exchange to list the company's - securities. Listing requirements may im- . pose certain conditions on the governance - of the company. - . 96. : - Executive Board: A collective executive , body of the company responsible for the . day-to-day management. The Executive - Board reports and is accountable to the . Supervisory Board. : . Synonyms: Directorate, Management Board or Managerial Board. 97. : - Redemption Rights: Right of shareholders to require the company to repurchase their . shares under certain circumstances. 98. : Shareholder Proposal: A proposal for an - agenda of the GMS submitted by a share- , - holder (or a group of shareholders) that ( ), own at least 2% of voting shares. () 2% . 357 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 357 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 357 23.09.2004 14:05:19 23.09.2004 14:05:19 English 99. : Mandatory Bid: The offer to buy all the - outstanding common shares, and securities convertible into common shares, made by , - the acquirer to all other shareholders in , control transactions. - Synonyms: Buyout, Mandatory Offer. . : . 100.: - Proxy: An authorization by a sharehold- er giving another person the right to vote . - the shareholder's shares. Proxy also refers , - to the document granting this authority, . as in proxy card. 101. - Pre-Emptive Right: The right of current : shareholders to maintain their proportion - of ownership in a company by buying , - shares in any future issue of shares and - convertible securities. Synonym: Right of First Refusal. . 102. : - Transformation (in reorganization): - - Changing a legal form of a joint stock , - company into a limited liability company, production cooperative, or non-commer- , cial partnership. . 103. : - Preferred shares: Non-voting shares, , which provide a defined dividend and - liquidation value, paid before any divi- dends paid to the owners of common , shares. . 104. : - Share Buyback: The repurchase of a com- . pany's own shares. 105. : - Capital gains: An increase in the market (, ). price of an asset (e.g. shares). 358 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 358 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 358 23.09.2004 14:05:20 23.09.2004 14:05:20 30. -... English 106. : - Merger: The termination of one or sev- eral companies while their assets and lia- - bilities are transferred to another company. . Mergers differ from consolidations in that no new entity is created from a merger. , Some translations of the Company Law . refer to merger as an «accession». 107. : Prospectus: A formal offer to sell securi- . ties. The prospectus sets forth the business - plan of the company and sufficient facts , for the investor to make an informed - decision regarding the purchase of such securities. . 108. : Simple Majority: More than 50% of votes. 50% . See related: Supermajority. . : - . 109. Audited Financial Statements: A compa- : - ny's financial statements that have been , prepared and certified by an independent . External Auditor. . : - See related: Auditor and Auditor's Re- . port. 110. : Split-Up:The splitting or division of a com- - pany into new entities followed by the ces- . sation of activity of the original company. 111. : , - DividedBalanceSheet:A document drawn up in case of a company divestiture and - split-up, by which assets and liabilities of - reorganizing company(ies) are transferred () to the new entity(ies). . 112. : - Place: To market new securities. . 113. : - Placement: The acquisition of the owner- - ship of securities by the first owners through - transactions. . 359 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 359 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 359 23.09.2004 14:05:20 23.09.2004 14:05:20 English 114. : - Dilution (of Ownership): A reduction in the existing shareholder's ownership of ( - the company (in terms of the percentage ) - of the company shares owned) resulting - from the issue of additional shares or the exercise of convertible securities and/or () . options. 115. : - Disclosure: The release of relevant infor- . mation to the public. Synonym: Information Disclosure. 116. : , - Beneficial Owner: The individual who enjoys the benefits of owning a security , - or property, regardless of whose name the , - title of the security or property is. . 117. : Revision Commission: A special body of , - the company elected by shareholders to oversee the financial and business activi- - - ties of the company and the compliance - with relevant laws and regulations. It ful- . - fills a different function than the Super- - visory Board's Audit Committee, or the Internal Auditor. . 118. : , - Registrar: The organization, that main- . - tains a shareholder register that includes information on the shareholders and . the number of shares held. The term External Registrar is used throughout the Manual. 119. : , Shareholder Register: The register of - shareholders used to record ownership of shares and determine shareholders of re- - cord on the record date. A shareholder . , , register is generally maintained by an , independent body to avoid conflicts of - interest. . 360 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 360 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 360 23.09.2004 14:05:20 23.09.2004 14:05:20 30. -... English 120. : Reserve Fund: A part of owners' equity , - set aside in a separate fund to supplement . the charter capital. It can be used to cov- , - er the company's losses, or to redeem - bonds and shares if other funds are not . available. 121. : - Reorganization: In Russia, the reorganiza- - tion is the changing of a legal structure, , - such as consolidation, merger, divestiture, split-up, and transformation. . 122. : - Restructuring: The reorganization of a company's operations without changing - - the legal form. . 123. : , Fair Market Value: The price that a (an informed) buyer would be willing to pay , - and a (an informed) seller would be will- , ing to accept on the open market assum- , ing a reasonable time for a transaction to . take place. 124. : Control Transaction: A transaction in , which the control of the corporation is established or changes hands. . 125. : , Related Party Transaction: A transaction - in which a related party is involved and which must be approved by the GMS or the Supervisory Board in accordance with requirements of law. . Synonym: Interested Party Transac- tion. 126. : - Consolidation (in reorganization): The . - combination of separate companies into - a single one whereby consolidating , companies terminate and their assets . and liabilities transfer to the new com- pany. 361 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 361 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 361 23.09.2004 14:05:20 23.09.2004 14:05:20 English 127. : Board of Directors: A governance body of , - the company that is responsible for provid- - ing strategic guidance and overseeing the - management on behalf of Shareholders. . - The Board of Directors in a unitary board - system corresponds to a Supervisory Board in a two-tier board system. . See related: Supervisory Board. : . 128. :- Joint and Several Liability: An obligation , for which multiple individuals are equal- . ly liable. 129. : Material Facts Report: A document that , is used to report the occurrence of any , - material events that have not previously . been reported by the issuer. Sometimes referred to in the Russian context as Ma- terial Facts Report. 130. : , - Shareholder List: A list setting out the () names and addresses of the Shareholders of , record used to determine who may partici- - pate at a GMS and receive Dividend pay- . ments. Shareholder Lists must be compiled . on a Fixing Date or a Date of Record. 131. : - Standard Voting: Method of Shareholder , - voting in which Shareholders cast all their «» votes either for or against an issue put for «» vote or refrain from voting. - Synonym: Regular Voting. - See related: Cumulative Voting. . . : . 132. :- Material Information: Information whose , omission or misstatement could affect the - economic decisions taken by users of in- . - formation. Materiality is a characteristic -- - of an event or information that is suffi- , , ciently important to have an impact on a - company's stock price. , - . 362 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 362 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 362 23.09.2004 14:05:20 23.09.2004 14:05:20 30. -... English 133. : , - Counting Commission: A body or a per- - son that counts and verifies the votes cast , - at a GMS. . Synonym: Tabulation Commission. 134. : - Arbitration: A dispute settlement process . that occurs outside the court system. This should be distinguished from state arbitra- tion (commercial) courts. 135. : , , Losses: The expenses that a person, whose , - right is infringed, bear or shall bear in order to restore the infringed right, as well , - as a loss or harm to his property (real damages), as well as unrealized profit, ( ), which the person could have received in , ordinary conditions of civil turnover if - his right would have not been infringed , (lost profit). ( ). 136. : Notice: Official proclamation of a legal action or intent to take a legal action. - Notice in this Manual is used in the con- . text of giving notice of calling a GMS. « - ». 137. , - External Manager: An individual or a : - management company called in from the , - outside to manage the company. . 138. : - Charter: A document that establishes a . company. 139. : , Participating Shareholder: A shareholder - who participates in the GMS in person, , - through a representative, or by sending completed voting ballots. - . 363 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 363 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 363 23.09.2004 14:05:21 23.09.2004 14:05:21 English 140. : , , - Damages: The expenses that a person, , whose right is infringed, bears or shall bear in order to restore the infringed right, as , - well as a loss or harm to his property. . 141. : , Natural Person: A single person as dis- - tinguished from legal entities and indi- . vidual entrepreneurs. Synonyms: Individual, Private Person or Physical Person. 142. : -- Fiscal Year: In Russia, an accounting pe- , 1 - riod of one year starting on January 1. . 143. : , - Holding Company: A company whose assets include control shares of another - company or a group of companies. . 144. : - Bearer Form: A security in bearer form is - not registered on the books of the issuing - company. Bearer securities are payable to . - the one who physically holds them. See related: Registered Security. . : . 145. : , - Board Member: An individual elected by Shareholders to provide strategic guidance - and oversee management on their behalf. Synonyms: Supervisory Board Member . and Director. : - . 146.: - Issue. Legally specified steps necessary to . place securities. 364 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 364 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 364 23.09.2004 14:05:21 23.09.2004 14:05:21 6 VI. . . . . 24.09.2004. 70 90 /16. 1 1. . 23 . . 10000 . . 123060 , / 28 . (095) 105-77-16 www.alpina.ru e-mail: info@alpina.ru IFC_part_6_rus.indd 365 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 365 23.09.2004 14:05:21 23.09.2004 14:05:21 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 366 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 366 23.09.2004 14:05:21 23.09.2004 14:05:21 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 367 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 367 23.09.2004 14:05:21 23.09.2004 14:05:21 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 368 IFC_part_6_rus.indd 368 23.09.2004 14:05:21 23.09.2004 14:05:21