Pakistan's urban air pollution is among the most severe in the world and it engenders significant damages to human health and the economy. Air pollution, inadequate water supply, sanitation, and hygiene are the top environmental priority problems in Pakistan.
... Voir la suite Industrialization and urbanization, in conjunction with motorization, can result in further deterioration of urban air quality. This book examines policy options to strengthen the Pakistan clean air program (PCAP) to better address the cost imposed by outdoor air pollution upon Pakistan's economy and populace. The approach provided in this book recommends that the federal and provincial environmental protection agencies (EPAs) take on a limited number of high return, essential, and feasible interventions drawn largely from the PCAP. The objective of this book is to examine policy options to control outdoor air pollution in Pakistan. The findings of the analysis aim at assisting the Government of Pakistan (GoP) in the design and implementation of reforms to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of Pakistan's ambient air quality institutions. The overarching theme of this book is that prioritizing interventions is essential to address the cost of outdoor air pollution, given current resource limitations. The book also includes a review of secondary sources, focusing on recent analysis of the effects of different air pollutants on human health, as well as lessons learned from ongoing regional and international efforts to improve ambient air quality. This book has seven chapters. Chapter one gives overview. Chapter two identifies major trends in ambient air pollution, including concentration levels of main pollutants and the identification of principal sources. Chapter three examines the evolution of Pakistan's air quality management (AQM) framework over the period 1993 to 2013. Chapter four examines options to control air pollution from mobile sources, the main contributors of several air pollutants, including noxious fine particulate matter (PM) and its precursors. Chapter five addresses measures to tackle pollution from industrial sources. Chapter six identifies synergies of interventions for air pollution control and climate change mitigation. Chapter seven summarizes the main conclusions of the book.
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Ratings for the Second Trade and Transport Facilitation Project (TTFP II) for Pakistan were as follows: outcomes were unsatisfactory, the risk to development outcome was high, the Bank performance was moderately unsatisfactory, and the Borrower performance was unsatisfactory.
... Voir la suite Some lessons learned included: this project has highlighted the importance of developing a project development objective, or PDO and project indicators that are achievable and measurable within the timeline of the project. While the project may be contributing to higher level goals, these should not be used as key indicators which will not be measurable at project end. To accommodate emerging issues in a changing environment, a formal restructuring of projects under implementation is an effective mechanism for portfolio management. However, the timing is crucial. The choice in implementing agencies should be closely correlated to the outcomes sought by the project. For instance, in the context of TTFP II the Planning Commission was mandated with oversight of the project, while the project team was seeking to engage directly with specific ministries. As learned in this project, key financial management staff should be engaged up to the final closure of the project books, in order to avoid delays in submitting annual audited financial statements.
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Bilan de fin d’exécution et de résultats ICR3108 JUN 17, 2014
The development objective of the Sindh Agricultural Growth Project for Pakistan is to improve the productivity and market access of small and medium producers in important commodity value chains.
... Voir la suite The project comprises of three components. The first component, capacity building and institutional development will finance capacity building of producers through technology development, technology dissemination, training, and exposure. It includes following three sub-components: (i) capacity building of producers; (ii) modernization of extension services and agricultural research; and (iii) strategic planning for the agricultural sector. The second component, investment for agricultural growth will finance specific investments in the horticulture and dairy value chains and a targeted investment to reduce post-harvest loss among small-holder rice growers. It will also finance a demand driven innovation fund to support farmers and producers with technology innovations in the selected value chains. It includes following four sub-components: (i) horticulture value chains; (ii) rice post-harvest loss management; (iii) dairy value chain; and (iv) demand driven innovation fund. The third component, project management and monitoring and evaluation will finance costs for: (i) project management units (PMUs), project coordinator's office, and project implementation units (PIUs); (ii) third party monitoring; (iii) implementation of environment and social management framework (ESMF) and pest management plan (PMP) and development of social assessment; and (iv) rigorous impact evaluation to attribute causality to project interventions.
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Document d’évaluation du projet 77688 JUN 11, 2014