تم الاعتراف بأهمية ضمان قدرة هياكل السدود على تحمل الزلازل وممارستها لسنوات عديدة. زادت القدرات الفنية لصناعة هندسة السدود في التصميم الزلزالي لهياكل السدود بشكل كبير منذ 1980-1990. السدود المصممة وفقا...
In this brief the authors combine granular climate data on flooding, drought and extreme heat, and district level food insecurity data and conflict data, to produce district level estimates of the number...
This note provides guidance for policymakers, World Bank country teams, and development practitioners to enhance the quality, affordability, and sustainability of home-based childcare (HBC) services in...
The Paris Agreement provides a framework for all countries - both developed and developing - to voluntarily adopt individual targets, elaborated in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). This...
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is disrupting the landscape of higher education (HE), presenting both opportunities and challenges. This paper discusses the results of focus group...
Expanding women’s employment in the private sector is imperative to increase female labor force participation in Mashreq countries. This knowledge brief identifies lessons learned from the IFC-led business...
Alors que l’Afrique subsaharienne est confrontée à de multiples défis, notamment à des conflits liés à l’utilisation des terres, à l’urbanisation rapide souvent non planifiée et au changement climatique...
As Sub-Saharan Africa deals with multiple challenges, including land use conflicts, rapid and often unplanned urbanization, and climate change, there is a need to understand how improved tenure security...
Amidst global COVID-19 school closures, student outcomes varied worldwide, but usually declined. Egypt notably defied this trend, showing significant improvement in reading scores. Utilizing data from...
The Basel Core Principles (BCP) assessment was conducted in Panama City, Panama, from January 17 to February 6, 2023. This assessment of the implementation of the BCPs by the Superintendency of Banks of...
The foundation for capital market development in Kazakhstan is solid, yet supply and demandside issues restrict the deepening of the capital market. The macroeconomic conditions areconducive, despite the...
Consumer lending has grown significantly in Kazakhstan. Consumer lending by banks andnon-bank financial institutions has more than doubled between 2019 and 2023. Consumers areborrowing more, taking up...
The Kazakhstani financial system has undergone significant changes in recent years. Although Kazakhstan has made progress in strengthening financial stability, financial intermediation continues to lag...
Credit infrastructure is a critical enabler of a responsible credit system, benefiting both lenders and borrowers while contributing to financial inclusion and stability. It encompasses the set of institutions...
To improve their education systems, countries around the world have increasingly initiated national largescale assessment programs or participated in international or regional large-scale assessment studies...
Panama has a large, internationally connected, and in some respects unique financial sector. It is an important regional banking hub hosting a large number of foreign banks and providing financial intermediation...
This technical note presents a high-level assessment of Panamanian payment systems and financial inclusion policies. It is based on the Payment Aspects of Financial Inclusion (PAFI) framework published...
Indonesia has taken crucial steps in meeting its climate targets while facing formidable challenges in transitioning towards a low-carbon and resilient economy. Global warming is affecting the island nation...
In light of Panama’s exposure to foreign money laundering (ML) risks, its recent inclusion in the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) “grey list”, and reforms adopted by the government, this Technical Note...
This Technical Note provides an overview of possible financial sector vulnerabilities to climate and environmental risks, assesses the current supervisory response to those risks, explores green finance...