Roads are key drivers of economic growth and form a dominant feature in many landscapes. With road infrastructure steadily expanding—and projections indicating significant growth—it is important to ensure...
This synthesis note introduces the Locally Led Climate Action (LLCA) Case Study Series, part of the World Bank’s Adaptation and Resilience Country Case Studies collection. Drawing from diverse country...
Mozambique, home to 33.9 million people, remains one of the world’s least developed countries and continues to face persistent development challenges. Although the economy grew at an average annual rate...
Togo’s northern border regions, Savanes, Kara, and Centrale, struggle with deeply entrenched poverty, with between 50% and 65% of their populations living below the poverty line. Together these regions...
Climate change is a growing threat to Guinea’s development and is predicted to disproportionately impact its rural areas, which are home to over 80 percent of the country’s poor. Guinea is considered highly...
The Solomon Islands, a Pacific island nation with a population of 800,000, is among the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries. Situated in the Pacific “Ring of Fire” and within the cyclone belt, it...
As a landlocked country in southern Africa, Zambia faces significant development challenges stemming from its vulnerability to climate change. Rising temperatures, declining rainfall, and increasingly...
Southern Madagascar—specifically the regions of Androy, Anosy, and Atsimo-Andrefana—is home to approximately 3.7 million people and has the highest concentration of poverty in the country, with 91% of...
The Kyrgyz Republic, a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia, made strong progress in poverty reduction during the 2010s, with the poverty rate declining from 38% in 2012 to 20% in 2019. Yet...
Poverty and climate vulnerability remain major development challenges in Kenya, particularly in rural areas. Of the country’s 55 million people, 35% live in poverty, with higher rates concentrated in geographically...
Private minibuses dominate transport in many developing country cities. They serve 62% of motorized trips in Lagos, the largest city in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper uses original panel data to measure...
Disasters caused by natural hazards do not affect everyone equally. Women and persons with disabilities are particularly vulnerable due to preexisting social and economic inequalities, such as limited...
Disasters caused by natural hazards do not affect everyone equally. Women and persons with disabilities are particularly vulnerable due to preexisting social and economic inequalities, such as limited...
This study systematically reviews the literature that quantifies the economic benefits of weather observations and forecasts in four weather-dependent economic sectors: agriculture, energy, transport...
Rural roads, serving as vital links between remote areas and economic centers, play an indispensable role in rural development. This paper investigates the relationship between rural road development and...
Early warning systems are a cornerstone of disaster risk reduction, enabling timely alerts and protective actions that save lives and reduce damages. Yet, despite their documented cost-effectiveness and...
Many African countries are experiencing rapid urbanization. However, job creation has not kept pace, resulting in persistently high urban unemployment rates. Based on basic job search theory, the paper...
The US-China direct flights in mid-2023 were only 7 percent of those available in mid-2019. This quasi-experiment informs the debate on air transport de-carbonization. An estimated structural model shows...
El Gobierno de Uruguay, a través de la Administración Nacional de Educación Públic (ANEP) vienen ejecutando inversiones con el fin de proveer nueva infraestructura y mejorar la condición de la infraestructura...
Many developing cities are facing rapid population growth and extreme climate events. This paper examines the link between job accessibility and climate vulnerability, using data from Antananarivo, Madagascar...
