Ports are undergoing constant transformation, induced by changes in the global economy, technology, or the environment. Port reform is influenced by factors that include aspirations for change underpinned...
The Democratic Republic of Congo is committed to achieving Universal Health Care by 2030. Progress toward this goal faces challenges due to limitations in the execution and allocation of the country's...
The Lao People's Democratic Republic has a high execution rate for its overall health budget, ranging from 89 to 104 percent from 2015 to 2019. Aggregated execution rates are generally high across the...
The Solomon Islands government plays key roles in the health sector, as a funder, regulator, and provider of nearly all health services. Health services are funded, managed, and delivered by the Ministry...
Pakistan’s overall national health budget had a high rate of execution from 2016 to 2019, averaging 95 percent. However, execution rates between provinces as well as between categories of spending varied...
Ethiopia achieves a high overall rate of execution of its health budget. From 2016 to 2021 the health budget execution rate averaged 95 percent of the original budget allocation. The health budget execution...
This paper studies the impact of central bank independence on sovereign borrowing, using an index that captures institutional constraints on central bank lending to the government across 155 countries...
Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPLCs) are often depicted as highly vulnerable to the environmental and human impacts of anthropogenic climate change. At the same time, they are increasingly...
With global climate change impacting cities around the world, local and national governments need to plan for and invest in solutions that mitigate the climate and disaster risks their populations and...
The Republic of Congo, a country with extensive tropical forests and low deforestation rates, needs to balance export-driven development, especially through timber production, and sustainable forest management...
Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to extreme weather events due to its frequent exposure to floods and extensive low-lying areas. Coastal flood risks are expected to increase due climate change. Therefore...
This paper offers practical advice on how to improve statistical power in randomized experiments through choices and actions researchers can take at the design, implementation, and analysis stages. At...
Climate change is increasingly acknowledged as a critical issue with far-reaching socioeconomic implications that extend well beyond environmental concerns. Among the most pressing challenges is its impact...
This paper evaluates the impact of higher temperatures on learning outcomes in Peru. The results suggest that 1 degree above 20°C is equivalent to 7 and 6 percent of a standard deviation of what a student...
This report describes a strategic framework that integrates climate considerations to evaluate social and economic development through rural transportation and logistics solutions in the Sahel region...
What is the environmental impact of exports? Focusing on 2000–20, this paper combines customs, administrative, and census microdata to estimate employment elasticities with respect to exports. The findings...
This paper presents a comprehensive strategic framework for integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into revenue administrations. The framework addresses the challenges of implementing AI without a structured...
The Blue Social Protection Handbook provides practitioners working on fisheries or social protection with practical knowledge on leveraging social protection and jobs interventions to support productive...
The first quarter of the twenty-first century has been transformative for emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). These economies now account for about 45 percent of global GDP, up from about...
One defining feature of financial crises, evident in U.S. and international data, is asymmetric bank distress—concentrated losses on a subset of banks. This paper proposes a model in which shocks to borrowers’...