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Demography, urbanization, and development rural push, urban pull, and urban push? (anglais)

Developing countries have urbanized rapidly since 1950. To explain urbanization, standard models emphasize rural-urban migration, focusing on rural push factors (agricultural modernization and rural poverty), and urban pull factors (industrialization and urban-biased policies). Using new historical data on urban birth and death rates for 7 countries from industrial Europe (1800-1910) and 35 developing countries (1960-2010), the authors argue that...
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