The objective of this component of the Joint Evaluation of the GEF Activity Cycle and Modalities is to provide a factual overview of the programming processes in the concerned agencies and of GEF's decision...
Using new international data, the authors test for an inverse U-shaped, or "Kuznets," relationship between industrial water pollution and economic development. They measure the effect of income growth...
Rationing can backfire: the "day without a car" in Mexico City. Prices and protocols in public health care. Formal and informal regulation of industrial pollution: comparative evidence from Indonesia and...
Economic theory and recent empirical work suggest that when formal regulation of pollution is absent or less than 100 percent effective, affected communities are often able to negotiate abatement from...
The authors start from the premise that governments act as agents of the public in regulating pollution, using the instruments at their disposal. But when formal regulatory mechanisms are absent or ineffective...
Financial market fragmentation and reforms in Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania. Ernest Aryeetey, Hemamala Hettige, Machiko Nissanke, and William Steel Civil liberties, democracy, and the performance...
This article reports the findings from surveys of formal and informal institutions and their clients in Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania. It investigates the hypothesis that reforming financially repressive...
The World Bank's technical assistance work with new environmental protection institutions stresses cost-effective regulation, with market-based pollution control instruments implemented wherever feasible...
This study investigates the apparent contradiction between the high propensity of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to identify finance as their primary constraint and the view of banks that SME...
Cette étude examine l’apparente contradiction entre la forte propension des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) à identifier le financement comme étant leur principal problème et la perception des banques...