In Japan, railways are widely used, carrying 21 billion passengers annually. On the average, every person in Japan makes a rail trip every two days. These trips come to 369 billion passenger-kilometers...
As cities in developing countries continue to grow rapidly, the need to meet the increasing demand for urban infrastructure services has become an important policy problem, since failures to respond adequately...
This paper reviews the Bank's current policies on managing and charging for roads. It does so because roads are important economic assets and arrangements for managing them and charging for road services...
This paper is an exploratory study of the demand for travel by the urban poor. It is the first step in an effort to understand how changes in the cost and extent of public transport services and infrastructure...
This paper presents a framework for the analysis of rent seeking in water supply and case study of water vending in a large metropolitan area in a developing country such as in Jakarta, Indonesia. The...
Some of the empirical findings from this paper are that, costs and benefits differ significantly between, "strictly controlled" and "ordinary controlled" units. Rent control reduces the rents households...
Attempts are being made to control the pollution of the oceans and coastal waters. One major step towards this objective has been the introduction of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention through the International...
Rent control is a familiar institution in many cities of the United States and Europe. It is also more common in developing countries than is generally perceived. In Brazil, for example, formal systems...
The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the most common strategies and policy instruments (that is, regulatory and economic) used in developed and developing countries to achieve pollution...
Restrictive labor practices on railways limit enterprise productivity and output. They generally fall under the following categories: fixed staffing ratios, rigid craft divisions, pay structure and basis...
This is a study of port administration from the legal and constitutional point of view. It is part of a larger study of port institutional reform which also includes economic and operational aspects. The...
This report presents a review of recent empirical research and current thinking about economic linkages between rural and urban areas, and their role in bringing about the structural transformation of...
Transport plans are commonly used as a programming tool. Particularly in developing countries, many studies include this expression in their titles. Given their role in decisions concering the transport...
Institutional weakness is one of the most important obstacles that stands in the way of the efficient provision of water and sewerage services in Latin America. To address this concern, the World Bank...
The paper first categorizes public policy interventions to improve traffic in cities, through quantity and price management focused on public and private transport. It notes that availability of both information...
Designing a mortgage system which protects lenders' interests in an inflationary environment and at the same time provides continued accessibility to credit for borrowers has been a challenge during the...
This paper discusses some of the generic issues of the housing sector in centrally planned economies in the context of attempted economic liberalization. The issues stem from the fact that the state has...
Over the past forty years, rent control has been a feature of housing in Ghana. This study focusses on the housing market in Kumasi, the second largest city in Ghana. The authors examine the characteristics...
The role of monetary balances in economic growth has long been a topic of macroeconomic research. This paper examines the role of real money balances in an aggregate production function of a developing...
As cities in developing countries grow, the need to meet increasing demand for urban infrastructure services has become an important policy problem. Failure to respond adequately affects productivity and...