The first quarter of the twenty-first century has been transformative for emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). These economies now account for about 45 percent of global GDP, up from about...
One defining feature of financial crises, evident in U.S. and international data, is asymmetric bank distress—concentrated losses on a subset of banks. This paper proposes a model in which shocks to borrowers’...
This paper examines the compounded effects of conflict on household recovery following disasters, using Nigeria as a case study. The analysis employs the “Unbreakable” microsimulation model to analyze...
This paper investigates the impact of conflicts on flood-affected households in Nigeria, utilizing a balanced panel dataset derived from the Living Standards Measurement Survey data collected in 2012...
This paper introduces a new global database with estimates of intergenerational income mobility for 87 countries, covering 84 percent of the world’s population. This marks a notable expansion of the cross-country...
Secondary school completion in sub-Saharan Africa is the lowest in the world. Given the multiple constraints households face, the scope of purely demand-side interventions to narrow the completion gap...
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region stands among the most vulnerable areas to the impacts of climate change. At the same time, with lax environmental regulations, this region’s integration into...
In 2020, amidst the COVID-19 crisis, the Peruvian government implemented a policy recognizing the foreign medical qualifications of immigrant health care workers. This study analyzes the labor market performance...
Urban areas accumulate heat, developing distinct urban climates that differ from the regional climate, leading to elevated mean air temperatures within cities. In tropical climates, such as Bangkok, this...
Despite significant progress in reducing poverty, the Philippines continues to face high inequality, which stayed elevated in the early 2000s as the economy grew. Although inequality has gradually declined...
Climate change is a global challenge requiring unprecedented levels of collective action. In this context, this paper asks: do appeals to historical responsibility facilitate or hinder collective action?...
The residential sector is one of the main consumers of energy in Nepal, with cooking being a major end-use. Unprocessed solid biomass fuels are the primary cooking fuels, with approximately 60% of households...
Trade’s impact on emissions is not straightforward. Existing literature on trade and emissions primarily focuses on countries' net export emissions, often neglecting the emissions saved by importing products...
The rapid expansion of the digital economy in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) presents opportunities and challenges in addressing the gender digital skills divide. This report analyzes comprehensive, genderresponsive...
The surge in food prices following the 2021 economic rebound has become a significant concern for households, particularly low-income ones, in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania. Food price inflation...
Digital technologies are increasingly important for delivering inclusive, resilient, and high-quality education, yet financing their effective deployment remains a key constraint in many low- and middleincome...
This study provides a comprehensive review of digital skills frameworks, competences, and assessment tools, emphasizing the critical role of digital proficiency in personal, professional, and educational...
The increasing need for digital skills is driving countries worldwide to invest heavily in digital skills education, but the most effective practices for developing these skills remain unclear. This paper...
This study explores the link between digital skills, innovation, and economic transformation in the context of Africa, focusing on the role and potential contribution of higher education institutions in...
This background paper examines the critical issue of how to enhance digital skills among youth who are not in employment, education, or training (NEET) in Africa to prevent approximately 72 million young...