Samoa's fiscal position and the structure of its budget have evolved markedly in recent years. Samoa had built up sufficient fiscal space in the early to mid-2000s to be able to respond to a major exogenous shock.
... Voir la suite The objective of the public expenditure review (PER) notes is to assist the Government of Samoa (GoS) in taking stock of the evolving expenditure trends in recent years and to strengthen the analytical basis for the management of public expenditure. Financial management information systems (FMIS) data was consistently classified and supplemented with project grant and loan related data from ministry of finance accounts to compile a full database of domestically and externally funded expenditure. The analysis of the public wage bill combines FMIS data with data from the payroll system. It also incorporates payroll data from the accounts of the largest public agencies to present approximate estimates of payroll trends for the whole government for the first time. This note will look backwards to take stock of the factors that accounted for fiscal expansion since FY2006, and look ahead to highlight the impact of cyclone Evan on the fiscal position from 2013 onwards. The first part of the note will review trends in public expenditure, revenues, grants, financing, and budget execution to provide insight into which aspects resource allocation have changed the most in real terms from 2006 to 2012, and decompose trends to identify the main drivers of growth in the budget. The second part of the note focuses on the impact of cyclone Evan on Samoa's fiscal position from 2013 onwards, and presents projections of the fiscal path in long-term in light of higher deficit and debt levels.
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Examen des dépenses publiques ACS7927 MAR 01, 2014
The Government's Plan for Economic and Social Development (PESD) 2012-2015 outlines an ambitious public expenditure program to foster sustainable inclusive growth and to improve public service delivery.
... Voir la suite The 2012 Public Expenditure Review (PER) is the first in a planned series of annual PERs (APERs). The objective of APERs is to provide decision makers in the Nigerien government, domestic stakeholders, as well as Niger's development partners with regular information and analysis on budgetary developments. The APER process aims to meet information requirements of interested stakeholders while minimizing the transaction cost for government. In the absence of a regularly published APER, the authorities are confronted with frequent and often duplicative requests for information, which claim significant staff time in an already very capacity constrained public sector environment. It is envisaged that a "one assessment - one process" approach will help to reduce transaction costs for government while meeting information requirements of interested stakeholders. The APERs will consist of three main parts. The first part will monitor public expenditure performance and the implementation of public financial management reforms. The second part will focus on sectoral public expenditure issues, and the third part will analyze selected public expenditure issues in detail. In the context of the annual PER process, every second year a public expenditure and financial accountability (PEFA) will be carried out. Public expenditure management reform action plan has been adopted in 2012 and provides a road map for reforms and helps coordinate donor support in this area. The Bank is supporting the strengthening of public financial management systems through a technical assistance grant. This PER covers the following topics: introduction in the first chapter. The review's macroeconomic context in the second chapter, an assessment of public expenditure trends and composition in the third chapter, and a review of the volume, modalities, and allocation of official development assistance in the fourth chapter. Public expenditure developments in the health, education, and rural development sectors are reviewed in the fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters, respectively. At the end, chapter eight focuses on strengthening Niger's public expenditure review process.
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This public expenditure review is prepared by the World Bank, in close collaboration with the government of Burundi. This document highlights the significant progress made by Burundi in the recent past.
... Voir la suite The most notable recent achievement has been the improvement of indicators in the sectors of health, education and gender. In spite of such progress however, it is observed that economic growth remains weak and gross domestic product (GDP) rates are below expectations. Burundi is therefore vulnerable to different sources of shocks, especially external as a result of increasing prices of imported food and fuel, the price volatility of tea and coffee exports, climate change, and declining aid transfers. The main objective of the public expenditure review is to assist the government in its efforts to escape fragility by focusing on two important and complementary themes: 1) creating adequate fiscal space to reduce the impact of future shocks; and 2) using the available fiscal space to improve public expenditure management and promote government effectiveness.
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Examen des dépenses publiques ACS5393 DEC 02, 2013
This public expenditure review is prepared by the World Bank, in close collaboration with the government of Burundi. This document highlights the significant progress made by Burundi in the recent past.
... Voir la suite The most notable recent achievement has been the improvement of indicators in the sectors of health, education and gender. In spite of such progress however, it is observed that economic growth remains weak and gross domestic product (GDP) rates are below expectations. Burundi is therefore vulnerable to different sources of shocks, especially external as a result of increasing prices of imported food and fuel, the price volatility of tea and coffee exports, climate change, and declining aid transfers. The main objective of the public expenditure review is to assist the government in its efforts to escape fragility by focusing on two important and complementary themes: 1) creating adequate fiscal space to reduce the impact of future shocks; and 2) using the available fiscal space to improve public expenditure management and promote government effectiveness.
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Examen des dépenses publiques ACS5393 DEC 02, 2013
This public expenditure review (PER) provides an assessment of the extent to which expenditure addresses national priorities in an effort to strengthen the link between government policies, planning, and budgeting.
... Voir la suite This report is prepared to provide a critical assessment of public spending, challenges, weaknesses, and successes in the past three years (2009 to 2012). The report subsequently informs current and future expenditure through policies that influence budget decisions. It links public expenditure to performance of key sectors in the economy for the three year period; while giving policy and performance outlook focusing on the implementation of the constitution of Kenya 2010 in general and devolution in particular. This report gives an outline on sector performance of programs and reviews expenditures for the period. It provides recommendations to improve implementation of the budget in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, timeliness, and target for better service delivery. This report accentuates the institutional reforms underpinned in the constitution of Kenya 2010 and explores the opportunities to catalyze Kenya's growth as envisaged in the economic blue print, the Kenya vision 2030. This report is divided into eight chapters as follows: chapter one is macro-fiscal performance and fiscal framework; chapter two is public finance management; chapter three focuses on education; chapter four focuses on health; chapter five deals with agriculture and rural development sector; chapter six focuses on water, sanitation, and irrigation; chapter seven presents infrastructure; and chapter eight focuses on social protection.
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This public expenditure review (PER) provides an assessment of the extent to which expenditure addresses national priorities in an effort to strengthen the link between government policies, planning, and budgeting.
... Voir la suite This report is prepared to provide a critical assessment of public spending, challenges, weaknesses, and successes in the past three years (2009 to 2012). The report subsequently informs current and future expenditure through policies that influence budget decisions. It links public expenditure to performance of key sectors in the economy for the three year period; while giving policy and performance outlook focusing on the implementation of the constitution of Kenya 2010 in general and devolution in particular. This report gives an outline on sector performance of programs and reviews expenditures for the period. It provides recommendations to improve implementation of the budget in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, timeliness, and target for better service delivery. This report accentuates the institutional reforms underpinned in the constitution of Kenya 2010 and explores the opportunities to catalyze Kenya's growth as envisaged in the economic blue print, the Kenya vision 2030. This report is divided into eight chapters as follows: chapter one is macro-fiscal performance and fiscal framework; chapter two is public finance management; chapter three focuses on education; chapter four focuses on health; chapter five deals with agriculture and rural development sector; chapter six focuses on water, sanitation, and irrigation; chapter seven presents infrastructure; and chapter eight focuses on social protection.
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Fiscal consolidation remains the central challenge facing Honduras, mainly due to increasing current expenditures. The widening fiscal deficit has been driven by a significant increase in current expenditures.
... Voir la suite These increased current expenditures, which add rigidity to the budget, have occurred at the expense of investments. The efficiency of spending remains a key constraint. Limited improvements, especially in health and education outcomes despite high allocations to these sectors, suggest the need to improve the efficiency and quality of expenditures. Increased public expenditures have not delivered in terms of growth and improved public services, and whether the country is ready for decentralization remains an open question. Growing fiscal deficits and weak public financial management practices have constrained the ability of the central government to implement and finance the decentralization process. Current decentralization targets would pose significant fiscal challenges to the central government. The deterioration of the fiscal deficit is not a result of fiscal decentralization. However, further decentralization efforts could pose significant fiscal challenges to the central government.
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Fiscal consolidation remains the central challenge facing Honduras, mainly due to increasing current expenditures. The widening fiscal deficit has been driven by a significant increase in current expenditures.
... Voir la suite These increased current expenditures, which add rigidity to the budget, have occurred at the expense of investments. The efficiency of spending remains a key constraint. Limited improvements, especially in health and education outcomes despite high allocations to these sectors, suggest the need to improve the efficiency and quality of expenditures. Increased public expenditures have not delivered in terms of growth and improved public services, and whether the country is ready for decentralization remains an open question. Growing fiscal deficits and weak public financial management practices have constrained the ability of the central government to implement and finance the decentralization process. Current decentralization targets would pose significant fiscal challenges to the central government. The deterioration of the fiscal deficit is not a result of fiscal decentralization. However, further decentralization efforts could pose significant fiscal challenges to the central government.
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The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste is a young, post-conflict nation endowed with significant oil revenues. Timor-Leste has one of the highest birth rates in the world (2.41 percent population growth) with over 44 percent of the population below 15 years of age (Timor-Leste Census, 2010).
... Voir la suite Since the 2006 crisis, the Government of Timor-Leste has shown a clear commitment to social assistance. Globally, poverty persistence is closely related to major life-cycle disadvantages resulting in low human capital outcomes, and yet large-scale poverty remains unaddressed by current social protection efforts. This expenditure review and performance evaluation report is part of the technical assistance provided to Timor-Leste's Ministry of Social Solidarity (MSS) in response to the lack of any national level evaluation of the safety nets system since its inception. To that end, this study seeks to assess the social assistance policy, as well as the performance of the main MSS social assistance programs. More specifically, the aims are to: (1) determine whether existing programs are efficient, effective and sufficient in addressing main vulnerabilities; (2) assess the adequacy and composition of the allocation of financial resources for delivery of government social assistance; (3) review operational and administrative issues; and (4) make recommendations for improving the delivery of social safety nets. Some of the questions that this report seeks to answer include: what are the main risks facing the vulnerable groups in Timor-Leste?; what types of programs are in place to address those risks?; is the range of programs and their financial allocations appropriate for the country's needs?; is the institutional arrangement adequate?; are these programs effective and reaching the intended beneficiaries?; and are they implemented cost-effectively? The report is organized as follows: chapter one gives context, purpose and conceptual framework. Chapter two describes the attributes of the poorest 40 percent and the main vulnerabilities and risks that low-income families in Timor-Leste face. Chapter three provides a historical overview of the social assistance policy and programs that emerged after the 2006-2007 conflict. A summary of levels and trends in aggregate public expenditure on safety nets, composition of spending as well as program-specific budget analysis is presented in chapter four. Chapter five assesses performance of the safety nets by analyzing coverage, targeting effectiveness, and generosity. Chapter six examines impact and targeting efficiency using simulation techniques. Chapter seven assesses implementation capacity, and business processes, and in particular, the following: ID systems, enrollment, payments arrangements and monitoring and evaluation. Chapter eight concludes with implications for social response and policy considerations.
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The main objective of this study is to provide a rigorous empirical understanding about the current status of School Based Management (SBM) and the relationship between SBM and learning outcomes in the Philippines with a view to identifying the pathways to improving SBM implementation for improved student achievement.
... Voir la suite The study makes three potentially important contributions to the policy analysis in support of the implementation of Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA) in general and SBM in particular; (i) construction of the Basic Education Information System - National Achievement Test BEIS-NAT Panel Database for 2005-2010; (ii) methodology for policy analysis of SBM; and (iii) Findings from analysis of SBM. These studies have some findings; the findings are grouped into four categories: (a) SBM implementation, (b) resource allocation, (c) principal professional development, and (d) data and information management. Needless to say, these issues are inevitably interrelated so it is important for us to integrate the findings to derive policy implications.
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Examen des dépenses publiques ACS2212 JUN 10, 2013
The Philippines already experiences and will continue to face impacts from climate change. In the decades ahead, the most serious consequences will be felt in coastal and urban areas.
... Voir la suite Severe hardships are expected in agriculture and fisheries, leading to negative impacts on jobs and the economy. With these risks in mind the Philippine Government has initiated significant climate reforms, establishing a basis for transformation. To assess gaps and accelerate implementation of the climate reform agenda, in 2012 the Department of Budget and management and the climate change commission sought advisory services from the World Bank to carry out a Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR). Carried out at mid-term of the first phase of the national climate change action plan, the Philippine development plan (2011-2016), and the current administration, this review comes early enough to help guide the finalization and operationalization of the first phase of the climate reform agenda. This executive report summarizes the findings and recommendations of the CPEIR, including an analytical snapshot of the policies, institutions, and expenditures for undertaking climate action in the Philippines, and recommendations to contribute to a successful implementation of the Philippine climate reform agenda.
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Philippines currently experience and will continue to face significant impacts from climate change. To ensure climate resilience, build a low-carbon economy, and increase its role in the global climate change dialogue, the Philippine government has launched strong climate policy and institutional and financing reforms, supported by a clear rationale for no-regrets action.
... Voir la suite However, transformative progress toward a more climate resilient society and low carbon economy remains limited. Carried out at mid-term of the first phase of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP), the Philippine Development Plan (2011-2016) and the current Administration, this review is an opportunity, and comes early enough, to ensure that first phase reforms are finalized and the groundwork for the second and third phases put in place. Recommendations consolidate the strategic direction of the NCCAP and set the stage for scaling up action over the next two phases. Specific activities are proposed to support eight objectives organized around three pillars: (i) strengthening the planning, execution, and financing framework for climate change; (ii) enhancing accountability through monitoring, evaluation, and review of climate change policies and activities; and (iii) building capacity and managing change.
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Ugandan decentralization efforts of the 1990s represented an unusually authentic and powerful local government reform, compared to similar efforts pursued in many other low-income countries.
... Voir la suite However, over time the changing interests of the central agencies, dissatisfaction with service outcomes, and the overall dynamics of the country's governance resulted in the adoption of a number of re-centralizing policies. The objective of this report is to take stock of the fiscal and institutional arrangements for service delivery by local governments in the context of district proliferation and in view of recent trends in national public finance, as well as to identify policy options that could facilitate improved service delivery. The report finds that, while district proliferation has not had any major effect on public finances so far, it may have serious adverse effects in the future if the institutional structures and funding mechanisms of district governments are not adjusted to the new realities. Its effect on public expenditure has been rather small since an increasing number of positions in district governments remain vacant, and because a recent bout of inflation has eroded their wage bills. Furthermore, at present the average population of a district is roughly equivalent to that of similar jurisdictions in other countries. The report concludes with a number of institutional and fiscal proposals designed to reduce this risk and to improve value-for-money in service delivery more generally. If Uganda manages to use district proliferation as an opportunity to implement these changes, the resulting fiscal savings and improvements in value-for-money would make it much easier to cover the costs of that process.
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Examen des dépenses publiques ACS4421 JUN 01, 2013
Amid uncertain growth prospects and shrinking fiscal space, the government's initial decision to significantly increase public sector employees' salaries is raising significant challenges.
... Voir la suite While the cost of living increase aims to offset the erosion of real wages over time, the change in the structure of salary scales is not accompanied by a similar structural revision of tasks and efficiency of public sector employees. At the macro-economic level, the overall increase in wages would weaken the Lebanese economy through the return of unsustainable debt dynamics, pressures on the peg, lower economic growth, and increased unemployment. Introducing revenue measures will reduce these negative impacts but would lower resilience to shocks and impede the use of counter-cyclical fiscal policies. Reforming the pension system will further reduce the negative impact, but such reform cannot be separated from the need for strengthening social safety nets.
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This public expenditure review (PER) for Moldova is the result of a body of programmatic fiscal work. This PER focuses on capital expenditure. It supports the first pillar of the country partnership strategy and complements the 2012 development policy operation.
... Voir la suite In the context of economic recovery and stabilization, government requested World Bank assistance in improving its capital allocation mechanism, as its fiscal consolidation program attempted to create space for critical infrastructure whilst gradually reducing the state's footprint in the economy. This report recommends ways to strengthen public investment processes, institutions, and sector policies to achieve better outcomes for public capital expenditures in Moldova. Three key areas of reform are: (i) raise the quality of new projects by improving preliminary screening and project appraisal mechanisms; (ii) improve selection of new projects and ensure continuity of funding for ongoing projects through better prioritization and budgeting processes; and (iii) strengthen monitoring of project implementation for cost efficiency and timely delivery of public services. A summary of public investment management and sectoral reforms is presented in table one of the report. The report has four chapters. The first chapter presents the macroeconomic outlook and its implications for fiscal policy, particularly with respect to the capital budget. The second chapter presents the structure and classification of the capital budget as well as recent trends in capital expenditure levels and execution, and reviews the adequacy of resource allocations and utilization across sectors, given investment needs, national priorities, and implementation capacity. The third chapter reviews public investment management processes and presents recommendations to improve the efficiency of public capital expenditure in Moldova. The fourth chapter discusses specific sector challenges and offers recommendations for improving capital expenditure outcomes
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This public expenditure review (PER) for Moldova is the result of a body of programmatic fiscal work. This PER focuses on capital expenditure. It supports the first pillar of the country partnership strategy (improving economic competitiveness) and complements the 2012 development policy operation.
... Voir la suite In the context of economic recovery and stabilization, government requested World Bank assistance in improving its capital allocation mechanism, as its fiscal consolidation program attempted to create space for critical infrastructure whilst gradually reducing the state's footprint in the economy. This report recommends ways to strengthen public investment processes, institutions, and sector policies to achieve better outcomes for public capital expenditures in Moldova. This report suggests reforms in public investment management and sector policies to raise cost-effectiveness and allocative efficiency of capital expenditures. Three key areas of reform are: (i) raise the quality of new projects by improving preliminary screening and project appraisal mechanisms; (ii) improve selection of new projects and ensure continuity of funding for ongoing projects through better prioritization and budgeting processes; and (iii) strengthen monitoring of project implementation for cost efficiency and timely delivery of public services. The report has four chapters. The first chapter presents the macroeconomic outlook and its implications for fiscal policy, particularly with respect to the capital budget. The second chapter presents the structure and classification of the capital budget as well as recent trends in capital expenditure levels and execution, and reviews the adequacy of resource allocations and utilization across sectors, given investment needs, national priorities and implementation capacity. The third chapter reviews public investment management processes and presents recommendations to improve the efficiency of public capital expenditure in Moldova. The fourth chapter discusses specific sector challenges and offers recommendations for improving capital expenditure outcomes.
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This public expenditure review (PER) for Moldova is the result of a body of programmatic fiscal work. This PER focuses on capital expenditure. It supports the first pillar of the country partnership strategy (improving economic competitiveness) and complements the 2012 development policy operation.
... Voir la suite In the context of economic recovery and stabilization, government requested World Bank assistance in improving its capital allocation mechanism, as its fiscal consolidation program attempted to create space for critical infrastructure whilst gradually reducing the state's footprint in the economy. This report recommends ways to strengthen public investment processes, institutions, and sector policies to achieve better outcomes for public capital expenditures in Moldova. This report suggests reforms in public investment management and sector policies to raise cost-effectiveness and allocative efficiency of capital expenditures. Three key areas of reform are: (i) raise the quality of new projects by improving preliminary screening and project appraisal mechanisms; (ii) improve selection of new projects and ensure continuity of funding for ongoing projects through better prioritization and budgeting processes; and (iii) strengthen monitoring of project implementation for cost efficiency and timely delivery of public services. The report has four chapters. The first chapter presents the macroeconomic outlook and its implications for fiscal policy, particularly with respect to the capital budget. The second chapter presents the structure and classification of the capital budget as well as recent trends in capital expenditure levels and execution, and reviews the adequacy of resource allocations and utilization across sectors, given investment needs, national priorities and implementation capacity. The third chapter reviews public investment management processes and presents recommendations to improve the efficiency of public capital expenditure in Moldova. The fourth chapter discusses specific sector challenges and offers recommendations for improving capital expenditure outcomes.
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Guatemala has made tremendous strides in moving toward democracy and building institutions after a prolonged civil war, much remains to be done in generating the foundations for strong broad-based economic growth.
... Voir la suite As Guatemala enters its fifth presidential cycle since the 1996 Peace Accords, the newly elected administration faces tremendous economic challenges. Efforts during the previous administration to directly address poverty and improve education and health outcomes, particularly in the indigenous and rural areas, were intense, with tentative signs of success. The signing of the Peace Accords in 1996, following a protracted negotiations process, marked a turning point in Guatemala's development path. Three cross-cutting themes were emphasized through the Accords: 1) the rights of indigenous communities; 2) commitments regarding the rights and position of women, and 3) a strengthening of social participation. However, Guatemala's institutional environment continues to complicate the cooperation of political actors over time and thus the inter-temporal bargains required to agree upon and sustain structural reforms. Over the past two decades, economic growth has been relatively stable but weak. Since 1990, real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth per capita in Guatemala has averaged about 1.2 percent, about three-quarters of a percentage point less than the rest of Latin America and the Caribbean and significantly less than other middle-income countries. Financial sector legal and regulatory reforms implemented since 2000 have improved banks' solvency and resilience to market volatility, but lack of access to finance remains a major issue for the financial sector. To accelerate broad-based growth, Guatemala will need to improve the investment climate for business, increase educational attainment and make progress on governance, transparency and security.
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