The Russian invasion has had diverse effects on businesses, causing significant damage to Ukraine’s private sector. These effects can be attributed to three primary channels of transmission: disruptions...
This paper reviews current practices and common challenges in the measurement of the causes, functioning, and consequences of violent conflict at the micro-level. The authors review existing conflict-...
The World Bank Research Observer is intended for anyone who has a professional interest in development. Observer articles are written to be accessible to non specialist readers; contributors examine key...
Over the past decade the international community, especially the World Bank, has conducted programs to increase local public service delivery in developing countries by improving local governing institutions...