In Ethiopia, women are 15 percentage points less likely than men to possess a kebele ID, the primary proof of identity document used in the country. This report unveils findings from a study that aims...
This paper provides a snapshot of the digital capabilities of government-recognizedidentification (ID) systems across three dimensions: (i) digitally stored records; (ii) digital verification or authentication...
This paper aims to estimate the number of people globally who do—and do not—have government-recognized proof of identity (“ID”). This work is an update to the most recent estimate produced in 2018, which...