The Kurdistan Region of the Republic of Iraq (KRI) is a constitutionally recognized semiautonomous region in northern Iraq with a population of 5.1 million (2012 estimate). Its government (the KRG), based...
This paper investigates macro and micro correlates of aid-financed development project outcomes, using data from over 6,000 World Bank projects evaluated between 1983 and 2011. Country level 'macro' measures...
The authors use data from more than 6,000 World Bank projects evaluated between 1983 and 2009 to investigate macro and micro correlates of project outcomes. They find that country-level "macro" measures...
Prevailing economic ideas -- and fashions -- about development have influenced the International Development Association (IDA) since its creation in 1960. The creation of the organization itself is the...
This article takes an integrated approach to evaluating the interaction of initial conditions, political change, reforms and economic performance in a unified framework covering 28 transition economies...
Circumstance and choice: the role of initial conditions and policies in transition economies; by Martha de Melo, Cevdet Denizer, Allan Gelb and Stoyan Tenev. Multi-tier targeting of social assistance:...
Despite high and volatile inflation, a record number of foreign and local banks entered Turkey's banking sector after the country relaxed rules about bank entry, and generally eliminated controls on interest...
Almost all of the transition economies in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union experienced a severe decline in their national saving rates. The saving collapse could be explained by the elimination...
A course on macroeconomic management was held in Ankara, Turkey, from July 7-17, 1998, by the Economic Development Institute (EDI). The background work that led to the development of this course showed...
The experience of countries in transition from a planned to a market-oriented economy has varied greatly. The clearest differences are between the East Asian countries, China and Vietnam, and the countries...
Political change marked the difference between the approaches of the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (FSU). The Baltics and most Eastern European countries wanted to break away...
Until 1980 Turkey's financial system was shaped to support state-oriented development. After the 1960s the financial system, dominated by commercial banks, became an instrument of planned industrialization...
In this paper, the authors examine monetary policy in 26 transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Former Soviet Union (FSU) between 1989-1994. They provide a schema for classifying...
The transition from a planned economy to a market economy involves a complex process of institutional, structural, and behavioral change. This article develops an index of economic liberalization and analyzes...
Education and information are fundamental to success: World Bank President James D. Wolfensohn visits Russia and Eastern Europe (James Wolfensohn). From plan to market: patterns of transition (Martha de...