COVID-19 and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine have had – and are continuing to have—a devasting impact on living standards. But most countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) were already struggling...
In Iraq, like many countries around the world, the informal sector is a major contributor to employment and business activity. The Iraq Labor Force Survey (LFS) of 2021 estimated that more than half of...
Women in Iraq face several challenges to start and grow their self-employment activities. This is even more pronounced among poorer and more vulnerable households that live in more vulnerable communities...
A decade after the first spark of the Arab Spring, large shares of healthy and capable working-age populations remain excluded from the labor force and employment altogether in the Middle East and North...
During the months of October to December of 2020, the World Bank, through a collaboration with the World Food Program, conducted a rapid, monthly, phone survey to assess the impact of Coronavirus disease...
During the months of October to December of 2020, the World Bank, through a collaboration with the World Food Program, conducted a rapid, monthly, phone survey to assess the impact of Coronavirus disease...