The key messages of this newsletter include: (i) Merchandise trade strengthened in November 2021 despite persistent value-chain bottlenecks and logistics constraints; (ii) Services trade is finally closing...
Brazil enters the election year 2018 with an economy that is gradually recovering from the deepest recession in its recent economic history. This book is motivated by the need to understand the possible...
Brazil enters the election year 2018 with an economy that is gradually recovering from the deepest recession in its recent economic history. This book is motivated by the need to understand the possible...
Recent developments in the theory and empirics of growth have emphasized the interplay of macroeconomic and microeconomic factors in long-term development. Most notably, the Schumpeterian growth paradigm...
The focus of this paper is on policies that ought to support productivity, output and employment growth. This support can be direct and indirect, targeted to specific sectors or types of firms or wide...
This paper examines private sector job creation in Tunisia over the period 1996-2010 using a unique database containing information on all registered private enterprises, including self-employment. In...
Understanding state-business relationships and how they have shaped the institutional architecture of countries in the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) is crucial for the identification of systemic...
This paper examines the relationship between entry regulation and the business interests of former President Ben Ali's family using firm-level data from Tunisia. Connected firms account for a disproportionate...
It is well known that Mozambique is characterized by wide variations in socio-economic indicators across provinces. According to available statistics, such differences have decreased in recent years. There...
It is well known that Mozambique is characterized by wide variations in socio-economic indicators across provinces. According to available statistics, such differences have decreased in recent years. There...
Malawi has experienced several catastrophic droughts over the past few decades. The impact of these shocks has been far reaching, and the resulting macroeconomic instability has been a major constraint...
Tobacco is Malawi’s main export commodity, relied upon for economic growth and to alleviate poverty. Strong growth of about 6 percent per annum in the agricultural sector is needed to induce faster economic...
This paper provides a brief overview of agricultural economies in the ECA region between 1999-2001. It identifies the current status of the agrarian economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia today...
This publication is an interim report, reflecting the status of land reform and farm restructuring in Moldova on the basis of two small-scale surveys of the rural sector conducted in 1995 and 1996, and...