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  • Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Exposure Indices Methodological Note (anglais)

    The EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) aims to level the playing field by applying the same carbon price faced by domestic producers under the Emission Trading System to the emissions embodied...

    Type de document: Document de travail Numéro du rapport: 202614 Date du document: 1 juillet 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Maliszewska, Maryla,Fischer, Carolyn,Jung, Euijin,Chepeliev, M.

  • Just Transition Tool for Private Sector Activities (anglais)

    The transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy is urgently needed to mitigate the profound impacts of climate change. However, this essential transition presents one of the greatest socioeconomic...

    Type de document: Rapport Numéro du rapport: 202326 Date du document: 30 juin 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Calice, Pietro,Miralles Murciego, Graciela

  • Inequality, Education, and Occupational Change in the Philippines (anglais)

    Despite significant progress in reducing poverty, the Philippines continues to face high inequality, which stayed elevated in the early 2000s as the economy grew. Although inequality has gradually declined...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11163 Date du document: 30 juin 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Belghith, Nadia Belhaj Hassine,Fernandez, Francine Claire Chang,Lavin, Benjamin Aaron


  • Climate Change Negotiations under the Shadow of History (anglais)

    Climate change is a global challenge requiring unprecedented levels of collective action. In this context, this paper asks: do appeals to historical responsibility facilitate or hinder collective action?...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11160 Date du document: 30 juin 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Banuri,Sheheryar,Sergenti, Ernest John

  • Soaring Food Prices Threaten Recent Economic Gains in the EU (anglais)

    The surge in food prices following the 2021 economic rebound has become a significant concern for households, particularly low-income ones, in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania. Food price inflation...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11159 Date du document: 30 juin 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Robayo, Monica,Lucchetti, Leonardo Ramiro,Delgado-Prieto,Lukas,Badiani-Magnusson, Reena

  • Antitrust Enforcement and Firm Performance : Evidence from Colombia’s Sugar Market (anglais)

    This paper examines the impact of two interventions by Colombia's competition authority to enforce competition in the sugar market on firm performance in downstream sectors. Using an exogenous identification...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11155 Date du document: 26 juin 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Sampi, James,Vostroknutova, Ekaterina

  • Expansionary Fiscal Consolidation Under Sovereign Risk (anglais)

    This paper develops a sovereign default model with capital accumulation, long-term debt, and fiscal rules with two distortions: debt dilution and private underinvestment. Fiscal rules generate a long-run...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11156 Date du document: 26 juin 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Esquivel,Carlos,Samano Penaloza, Agustin


  • Crowding Out and Banking Crises (anglais)

    This paper studies the effect of government issuance on firm issuance during banking crises using transaction-level bond and loan data from 66 countries between 1991 and 2017. Governments rarely issue...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11145 Date du document: 12 juin 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Hernando Kaminsky, Pablo Daniel

  • Do Formal Loans Boost SME Performance ? Key Takeaways from a Meta-Analysis (anglais)

    This paper conducts a meta-analysis of 24 studies evaluating the impact of formal loans on small and medium-sized enterprise performance. Using a Bayesian hierarchical model, the paper estimates that formal...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11140 Date du document: 5 juin 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Bruhn, Miriam,Ortega Hernandez,Johan Andrey,Ruiz Ortega, Claudia

  • Industrial Policy under Constraints: Evidence from Pakistan’s Export Subsidy Schemes (anglais)

    This paper investigates the impact of an export promotion policy consisting of ad-valorem subsidies for a set of targeted products, on the performance of Pakistani exports in the textile sector. The findings...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11136 Date du document: 3 juin 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Lovo,Stefania,Varela, Gonzalo J.

  • Global Poverty Revisited Using 2021 PPPs and New Data on Consumption (anglais)

    Recent improvements in survey methodologies have increased measured consumption in many low- and lower-middle-income countries that now collect a more comprehensive measure of household consumption. Faced...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11137 Date du document: 3 juin 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Foster, Elizabeth Mary,Jolliffe, Dean Mitchell,Lara Ibarra, Gabriel,Lakner, Christoph,Tetteh Baah, Samuel Kofi

  • From Patriarchy to Policy: Norms, Votes, and Gender Equal Laws (anglais)

    Legal institutions play an important role in shaping gender equality in economic domains, from inheritance to labor markets. But where do gender equal laws come from? Using cross-country data on social...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11135 Date du document: 29 mai 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Bussolo, Maurizio,Rexer, Jonah Matthew,Hu, Lynn

  • Forecast Sensitivity to Global Risks : A BVAR Analysis (anglais)

    Developing countries face uncertainties driven by global macroeconomic variables over which they have little to no control. Key exogenous factors faced by most developing countries include interest rates...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11132 Date du document: 27 mai 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Ruberl, Heather Jane,Tercioglu, Remzi Baris,Elderfield,Adam


  • Tradeoffs over Rate Cycles : Activity, Inflation and the Price Level (anglais)

    Central banks often face tradeoffs in how their monetary policy decisions impact economic activity (including employment), inflation and the price level. This paper assesses how these tradeoffs have evolved...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11130 Date du document: 22 mai 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Forbes,Kristin,Ha, Jongrim,Kose, Ayhan



  • Beyond Aggregates : A Sector-Specific Framework for Long-Term Growth Modeling (anglais)

    This paper develops a bottom-up, sector-specific approach to modeling potential output that overcomes limitations of traditional top-down estimates for long-term projections and policy analysis. The model...

    Type de document: Document de travail de recherche sur les politiques Numéro du rapport: WPS11127 Date du document: 19 mai 2025 Mode de publication: Disclosed Auteur: Jooste, Charl,Tercioglu, Remzi Baris