Climate change is increasingly acknowledged as a critical issue with far-reaching socioeconomic implications that extend well beyond environmental concerns. Among the most pressing challenges is its impact...
What is the environmental impact of exports? Focusing on 2000–20, this paper combines customs, administrative, and census microdata to estimate employment elasticities with respect to exports. The findings...
This paper presents a comprehensive strategic framework for integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into revenue administrations. The framework addresses the challenges of implementing AI without a structured...
The first quarter of the twenty-first century has been transformative for emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). These economies now account for about 45 percent of global GDP, up from about...
One defining feature of financial crises, evident in U.S. and international data, is asymmetric bank distress—concentrated losses on a subset of banks. This paper proposes a model in which shocks to borrowers’...
This paper introduces a new global database with estimates of intergenerational income mobility for 87 countries, covering 84 percent of the world’s population. This marks a notable expansion of the cross-country...
The EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) aims to level the playing field by applying the same carbon price faced by domestic producers under the Emission Trading System to the emissions embodied...
The transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy is urgently needed to mitigate the profound impacts of climate change. However, this essential transition presents one of the greatest socioeconomic...
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region stands among the most vulnerable areas to the impacts of climate change. At the same time, with lax environmental regulations, this region’s integration into...
Despite significant progress in reducing poverty, the Philippines continues to face high inequality, which stayed elevated in the early 2000s as the economy grew. Although inequality has gradually declined...
Climate change is a global challenge requiring unprecedented levels of collective action. In this context, this paper asks: do appeals to historical responsibility facilitate or hinder collective action?...
The surge in food prices following the 2021 economic rebound has become a significant concern for households, particularly low-income ones, in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania. Food price inflation...
This paper examines the impact of two interventions by Colombia's competition authority to enforce competition in the sugar market on firm performance in downstream sectors. Using an exogenous identification...
This paper develops a sovereign default model with capital accumulation, long-term debt, and fiscal rules with two distortions: debt dilution and private underinvestment. Fiscal rules generate a long-run...
This paper examines the relationship between geopolitical fragmentation and friendshoring of foreign investments over time, countries, and sectors. The analysis uses comprehensive data on foreign direct...
This paper studies the effect of government issuance on firm issuance during banking crises using transaction-level bond and loan data from 66 countries between 1991 and 2017. Governments rarely issue...
This paper conducts a meta-analysis of 24 studies evaluating the impact of formal loans on small and medium-sized enterprise performance. Using a Bayesian hierarchical model, the paper estimates that formal...
Recent improvements in survey methodologies have increased measured consumption in many low- and lower-middle-income countries that now collect a more comprehensive measure of household consumption. Faced...
This paper investigates the impact of an export promotion policy consisting of ad-valorem subsidies for a set of targeted products, on the performance of Pakistani exports in the textile sector. The findings...
Legal institutions play an important role in shaping gender equality in economic domains, from inheritance to labor markets. But where do gender equal laws come from? Using cross-country data on social...