HEALTH SERVICES are an important component of any health system and are arguably its most visible part. These include services dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of disease or the promotion, maintenance...
This case study is one of six evaluations of the implementation of the World Bank's 1991 Forest Strategy. This and the other cases (Cameroon, China, Costa Rica, India, and Indonesia) complement a review...
At the request of the World Bank's Executive Board, the Bank's Operations Evaluation Department (OED) has been conducting an evaluation of the Bank's involvement in global programs. The Phase 1 Report...
Almost one billion people worldwide cannot read, despite increased primary education enrollments. Literacy is essential to meet the Millennium Development Goals. Further, one of the objectives of the Education...
This paper attempts an evaluation of World Bank’s assistance to China for poverty reduction during the 1990s. It begins with a summary of China's performance in poverty reduction during the decade as a...
China's economic development since the opening of its economy in the late 1970s has resulted in an eight percent average annual rate of economic growth. Key facets of this growth are rapidly increasing...
China's environmental degradation has developed over centuries, but record recent rates of economic growth have now widened environmental impacts and accelerated many adverse trends. China's urbanization...
China is the second largest energy consumer in the world and the largest producer and consumer of coal. Owing to its large coal resources, it is and will remain in the foreseeable future largely energy...
It is widely recognized in Chinese policy-making circles that the World Bank made a significant contribution to the country’s enterprise reform in the 1980s. A major contribution consisted of bringing...
Infrastructure loans and credits (transport and energy) represent almost half the Bank's portfolio in China. The projects although large for the Bank and small relative to total Chinese investments in...
For its level of socioeconomic development, China has widely been perceived as a country with an enviable record in public health. Recently, there are encouraging signs that health has become an important...
The magnitude and costs of pollution in China are still large, despite sustained government efforts over the last decade. China's environmental degradation has developed over centuries, but record recent...
In the 1980s at least, the World Bank had a significant, if not a large, role. Moreover, its research projects on enterprise reform in the 1980s and early 1990s played an important role in helping the...
The World Bank's transport lending strategy in China is constrained to a narrow window of opportunity. If there is a reasonable chance that a project will be financially viable without substantial government...
The overall development objective of the World Bank's Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program (MAP) for the Africa Region is to increase access to HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment programs, with emphasis...
Among the poorest segments of society, working children are unwitting participants in a vicious circle of poverty: Uneducated, poorly trained, and subject to illness, many of these children will continue...
The prototype carbon fund (PCF) is a public-private partnership whose mission is to pioneer a market for project-based greenhouse gas emission reductions within the framework of the Kyoto protocol to the...
The Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP) traces its roots to a June 1994 Donor Working Group meeting in Paris. Subsequently, nine donors came together to establish the Consultative Group to Assist...
The Integrated Framework for Trade- Related Technical Assistance (IF) was established in 1997 as a trade-focused tool to accelerate poverty reduction and improve economic performance in the least developed...
Following the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole in late 1985, governments recognized the need for stronger measures to reduce the production and consumption of a number of ozone depleting substances...