Avrupa ve Orta Asya ülkeleri (ECA), otuz yıldan fazla bir süre önce dikkate değer bir yolculuğa çıktı. 1990'ların başında, geniş ve derin yapısal reformlarla desteklenen planlı ekonomilerden piyasa ekonomilerine...
Страны Европы и Центральной Азии (ЕЦА) более трех десятилетий назад вступили на замечательный путь. В начале 1990-х годов начался переход от плановой к рыночной экономике, подкрепленный широкими и глубокими...
The countries of Europe and Central Asia (ECA) embarked on a remarkable journey more than three decades ago. In the early 1990s, they began transitioning from planned to market economies, supported by...
The countries of Europe and Central Asia (ECA) embarked on a remarkable journey more than three decades ago. In the early 1990s, they began transitioning from planned to market economies, supported by...
The impacts of climate change are profoundly affecting the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. During the summer of 2023—the warmest summer in history—ECA experienced a particularly intense heat wave...
This paper assesses the medium-run effects of government support to firms during the COVID-19 crisis and whether the effectiveness of this support varied with its timing. Using data from three rounds of...