Gender gaps in labor market outcomes persist in South Asia. An open question is whether supply- or demand-side constraints play a larger role. This paper investigates this using matched data from three...
Accurate measurement of intimate partner violence is challenging in face-to-face interviews due to concerns about anonymity and privacy, which can deter disclosure. In settings with high illiteracy, self-administered...
Pakistan’s Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) provides unconditional cash transfers to women in seven million of the country’s poorest households. Beginning in 2017, BISP adopted biometric verification...