This Brief examines issues related to women’s participation as workers, top managers, and owners of private firms in 27 European Union countries (EU-27), using the rich database of the World Bank Enterprise...
Detailed spatial knowledge of service accessibility disparities is crucial to design well-targeted policies and projects to address them, both for the World Bank Group and its clients. Confronted with...
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt activity across the world, casting wide uncertainty around GDP projections. Despite the protracted and uncertain nature of the pandemic, global GDP growth is...
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt activity across the world, casting wide uncertainty around GDP projections. Despite the protracted and uncertain nature of the pandemic, global GDP growth is...
The fourth quarter of 2020 and the first quarter of 2021 have shown improvement in the conditions of the labor market, as measured by a reduction in unemployment and an increase in real wages. These trends...
To collect tax revenue and maximize the use of scarce enforcement capacity, some tax administrations focus their enforcement efforts disproportionately on large firms instead of enforcing taxes evenly...
The unemployment rate has increased noticeably from 4.6 percent in October 2019 to 6.3 percent in October 2020 - the highest in the last eight years. The combination of job losses and lower wages led to...
This paper develops a general framework to allocate subsidies to private investments in the presence of jobs-linked externalities (JLEs). JLEs emerge when wages exceed the opportunity cost of labor (labor...
This note shows how big data can help combine experimental with non-experimental approaches in impact evaluations when take-up is low. In this study, author have access to a large administrative data set...
One of the most noticeable and important developments of the advance of free trade over the last half century has been the emergence of global value chains. These production and supply networks cross multiple...
The Bank did everything to reassure the staff that they could not contract the disease from others in the workplace by casual contact and outlined the precautions that needed to be taken while traveling...
The 2014 release of a new set of purchasing power parity conversion factors (PPPs) for 2011 has prompted a revision of the international poverty line. In order to preserve the integrity of the goalposts...
Electrification can be a significant driver for improving livelihoods in rural communities. In rural Mali, where more than 80 percent of the country’s population lives, the electrification rate is only...
The purpose of this paper is to provide information on how to transform and strengthen pluralistic agricultural extension and advisory systems in moving toward the broader goal of increasing farm income...
Armenia's strong economic growth from 2001-2008, when real gross domestic product (GDP) grew 12.6 percent per year on average, boosted living standards and created the fiscal headroom necessary for the...
Armenia's strong economic growth from 2001-2008, when real gross domestic product (GDP) grew 12.6 percent per year on average, boosted living standards and created the fiscal headroom necessary for the...
Many countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are undergoing a profound transformation. From Bahrain to Yemen, from Tunisia to Egypt, popular movements are calling for political change...
Scientific literacy is essential to stimulate an environment conducive to new knowledge generation, discovery and innovation. A quality school science education is central to building a scientifically...
Despite mounting evidence that supports the pro-poor benefits of migration, it has not been easy to unlock doors into development country labor markets. This is largely because both labor sending and receiving...
In post-apartheid Johannesburg, South Africa, the city water authority had fallen into disarray (a common situation with urban services). In 2001, a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) emerged as a way to...